• Author / Uploaded
• Jeimy briñez

Citation preview

UNIT 1: TASK 1 - COLLABORATIVE WORK 1 (DISCUSSION FORUM) FOREST FIRE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPIRATORY FERMITS IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF TOLIMA.

DANIELA FAJARDO FRINED TULCAN JEIMY BRIÑEZ GRUPO: 151021_15

TUTORA: CAROLINA JAIME

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD ESCUELA DE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD ADMINISTRACIÓN EN SALUD GEOPOLÍTICA Y MEDIO AMBIENTE OCTUBRE-2019

SUMMARY OF THE DEBATE.

As indicated by Cortolima professionals, controlled burning and forest fires trigger a series of negative effects on human health and the environment such as: - The release of carbon (which for years the plant material has captured), with burning is released in monoxide and carbon dioxide, the first is a toxic gas for living beings and the second a potent greenhouse gas that being released further intensifies global warming. - The particulate material (which is a mixture of small liquid and solid particles, of organic and inorganic substances that are in the air and are part of the contamination of the same). This is released during burning and fires in small particles that make up the large amounts of smoke and can affect from the respiratory system to the bloodstream, even causing diseases such as lung cancer and cardiovascular conditions. - Finally there are two pollutant molecules that occur at temperatures of 200 and 4000 degrees in fires and burns of plant material and that are highly polluting and harmful to human health and as they rise through the food chain increases their concentration in living things.

Epidemiological studies on the exposure of the population to smoke from the burning of plant biomass show a consistent relationship between exposure and increase in respiratory symptoms, increased risk of respiratory diseases and decreased lung function. Pollution caused by smoke from vegetation fires is an important public health aspect and involves significant risks to human health and the environment.

In Colombia, acute respiratory infections continue to occupy the first places of morbidity and mortality in the group of children under five years of age. Within acute respiratory infections, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia and pneumonia are responsible for almost all preventable deaths for this age group, especially in the most vulnerable population groups (Tafur et al. 1997)

Children under 5 are the most likely to suffer from heart or lung disease than younger people. Children's lungs are developing and their airways are narrower than those of adults. They spend more time outside, inhale more air per pound of body weight and participate in more vigorous activities. This is why they are more susceptible to the effects that smoke causes on health. The presence of comorbidities such as respiratory, cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases is more likely to be affected by the smoke of a forest fire. Exposure to that kind of smoke can make asthma symptoms, respiratory allergies and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worse.

Acute respiratory infection has an important impact on public health; Within the framework of the Ten-Year Public Health Plan 2012-2021 in the diseases component, one of the objectives is to reduce the burden of airborne diseases and direct contact such as acute respiratory infection, so the processes should be strengthened of surveillance of these respiratory diseases in the national territory that contribute to decision-making in the implementation of prevention, surveillance and control actions. In the rainy season, the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children under 5 years of age increases in the capital of Tolima. For this reason, it is important that parents take into account measures that prevent this disease.

According to Agustín Núñez, secretary (e) of Health, this is one of the most common diseases in children, and is caused by different microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria.

Acute Respiratory Infections are a group of diseases caused by different microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria that begin suddenly and last less than 2 weeks.

In children younger than 5 years, the most frequent symptoms are the increase in respiratory rate, strange breathing noises, vomiting, fever, irritability, decay, drowsiness and, in some cases, seizures.

"If they don't take due care, children can go from an acute respiratory infection to more serious complications such as pneumonia, as this could require hospitalization and even intermediate care," Gomez added.

Recommendations • Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze. • Use paper towels to contain respiratory secretions and throw them away after use. • Wash your hands with soap and water after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects or materials. • Use a mask or mask when you have contact with other people. • Avoid staying in confined spaces with large numbers of people. • Avoid eating sugar, because you eat

The selected topic is very important and refers to the causes and effects that generate the disastrous environmental problem caused by forest fires causing irreparable damage to the ecosystem and affecting this part of the child population in their health primarily. These impacts are generators of many problems of which the population are victims, since the climatic changes put in risk the health of the whole population in this case the infantile population. The causes that derive from this social problem is imminent before the environmental entities It is these who are responsible for synthesizing projects that ensure the non-logging of forests, the nonpollution of water, and perhaps the most important territorial plan to create awareness among the same population.

THREE-PAGE ANALYSIS

Geopolitics and environment 1. ¿What negative impacts does the war in Colombia generate on the environment? In our country war is the daily bread and unfortunately due to the confrontation between the government and the guerrillas, a number of environmental effects have been unleashed, among them we find the rupture of pipelines that greatly pollute the water sources and vegetation, the explosion of drug laboratories in the jungle that leads to air pollution and the burning of surrounding vegetation, timber exploitation, pollution of rivers by the exploitation of mines, among other types of affectation the negative impact on the environment is to become a victim who is not given much attention, however, water sources have been contaminated, crops have been burned, forests have been felled, the soil has been poisoned and livestock have been killed with a view to obtaining a military advantage against the enemy on a recurring basis. In times of war, the environment tends to suffer rapid degradation as the population tries to survive as well as it can and environmental management systems are often affected, with consequent damage to ecosystems.

Environmental Determinants in Health 2. Name 5 (five) diseases that may appear in the inhabitants of a community that does not have an aqueduct and a solid waste management program 

Dengue



acute diarrheal disease



Typhoid and paratyphoid fever and other Salmonella infections



Parasites (Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia)



. Hepatitis A

Sustainable development 3. Define and explain three strategies for the implementation of sustainable development in Colombia, according to CONPES 3918 of 2018 • A monitoring and reporting scheme

The second guideline is the statistical strengthening plan that, considering the results of the review carried out by the Dane to the collection of indicators required to account for progress in the SDGs, contemplates articulating the National Statistical System (SEN) to the reporting needs of the objectives, to link the Colombian statistical exercise to the United Nations System for closing gaps of the indicators and, to generate and create capacities in resources and technological infrastructure through work with Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data. • A territorial strategy The third guideline is the establishment of the strategy at the territorial level, which refers to the realization of pedagogy on the SDGs, the monitoring of the progress of the SDGs at the territorial level, the exhibition of good local practices in the implementation of the SDGs, Identify and associate resources in the regional planning and budget instruments that can be used to fulfill the SDGs in the territories and accompany the territorial entities, considering their needs, in the implementation of the SDGs. • Alliances with non-governmental actors it is an open and inclusive strategy with an approach that involves both the government and representatives, institutions, local authorities, different ethnicities, scientific, academic community and citizens.

Bibliographic References

Dodds, Klaus. Abingdon, Oxon. (2013) Global Geopolitics: A Critical Introduction. Obtained from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login. aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=782974&lang=es&site=eds-live

CONPES 3918 de 2018, Sinergia. DNP. Recuperado de https://sinergia.dnp.gov.co/Paginas/Noticias/Sinergia_lidera_Conpes_ODS.aspx

Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social & Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2014). Referentes conceptuales y abordajes sobre determinantes ambientales. Bogotá: MINSALUD & OPS. Obtained from http://www.minambiente.gov.co/images/AsuntosambientalesySectorialyUrbana/ pdf/salud_ambiental/Referentes_Conceptuales_y_Abordajes_sobre_Determinantes_ Ambientales.pd

Healthychildren.org. American of Pediatrics. Forest fires: information for parents. 2018. Recovered from: https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/safety-prevention/athome/Paginas/wildfires-information-for-parents.aspx

Leff, E., (2013) La geopolítica de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo sustentable: Economización del mundo, racionalidad ambiental y reapropiación social de la naturaleza. Cuides, abril 2013 – número 10. Pp., 185-209. Almería. Obtained from http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/clacso/osal/20110313071126/37Leff.pdf

Cortolima. (2019). Conozca los daños a la salud y medio ambiente que deja los incendios forestales. Boletín 205 03/09/2019. Recuperado

dehttps://cortolima.gov.co/boletines-prensa/conozca-da-os-salud-medio-ambientedeja-incendios-forestales Alcaldía Municipal de Ibagué. Abril/ 2019. Tenga en cuenta estas precauciones para prevenir enfermedades respiratorias en niños. Recuperado de https://www.ibague.gov.co/portal/seccion/noticias/index.php?idnt=6718 Sánchez L, Barbosa JM, Arias SA. Morbilidad cardiovascular por autoreporte y su asociación con factores biopsicosociales en el Tolima. Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública 2014; 32(1): 80-87 http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rfnsp/v32n1/v32n1a09.pdf

James M. Seltzer, M.D., Mark Miller, M.D., M.P.H., and Diane L. Seltzer, M.A. Child Health Risks from Forest Fires - Acute Phase. Pediatric Environmental Health Units (PEHSU). San Francisco October 28, 2007. Retrieved from: : https://wspehsu.ucsf.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2015/10/Wildfires_Acute_Phase_spanish.pdf