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Bailey 1 Mia Bailey Dr. Russell Thomas English Composition II 20 May 2020 Literature Review Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that is triggered when you eat gluten (“Celiac Disease”). Gluten is a protien found in wheat, barley, and rye (“Celiac Disease: Info, Symptoms, Treatment”). Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's own tissues and organs (Genetics Home Reference). Over time, this reaction damages your small intestine's lining and prevents it from absorbing some nutrients which is also known as malabsorption (“Celiac Disease - Symptoms and Causes”). Celiac disease is linked to heredity, meaning you only can develop celiac if you carry the genes that predispose you to it (Anderson). 40 percent of the population has one or both necessary genes (Anderson). Only 1 percent of the population actually has the disease (Anderson). As few as 20 percent of people with the disease get the correct diagnosis (“Celiac Disease”). A diagnosis of celiac disease is not made until six to ten years after symptoms have started (Genetics Home Reference). You can only develop celiac if you carry the genes that predispose you to it (Anderson). Not everyone who carries celiac disease genes ultimately will develop the celiac disease (Anderson). When someone with celiac disease eats something with gluten, their body overreacts to the protein and damages their villi, small finger-like projections found along the wall of their small intestine (“Celiac Disease”). When your villi are injured, your small intestine can’t

Bailey 2 properly absorb nutrients from food (“Celiac Disease”). This can cause diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, bloating and anemia, and can lead to serious complications (“Celiac Disease - Symptoms and Causes”). Inflammation associated with celiac disease may lead to an increased risk of developing certain gastrointestinal cancers such as cancers of the small intestine or esophagus (Genetics Home Reference). Symptoms of the disease include diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, bloating and gas, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation (“Celiac Disease - Symptoms and Causes”). Other symptoms can include anemia, bone or joint pain, heartburn, itchy, blistery rash, headaches, mouth ulcers, nervous system injury, including numb or tingling hands or feet, balance problems, or changes in awareness, poop that’s pale, smells especially bad, or floats, damaged​ tooth enamel​, delayed​ puberty​, failure to thrive, in infants, crankiness or mood changes, neurological problems like​ learning disabilities​ and​ ​ADHD, and slow growth and short height (Genetics Home Reference). There are many things that can cause a person to develop celiac disease. Some of these are that your genes combined with eating foods with gluten and other factors can contribute to celiac disease, but the precise cause isn't known (“Celiac Disease - Symptoms and Causes”). Infant-feeding practices, gastrointestinal infections and gut bacteria might contribute, as well (“Celiac Disease - Symptoms and Causes”). Sometimes celiac disease becomes active after surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, viral infection or severe emotional stress (“Celiac Disease Symptoms and Causes). It appears likely that other contributors, such as environmental factors and changes in other genes, also influence the development of this complex disorder (Genetics Home Reference).

Bailey 3 Works Cited Page Anderson, Jane. “Are You at Risk for Celiac? Your Genes Will Tell You.” ​Verywell Health,​ 21 Sept. 2018, www.verywellhealth.com/celiac-disease-genetic-testing-562695. Accessed 20 May 2020 “Celiac Disease.” ​WebMD​, 4 Jan. 2017, www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/celiac-disease/ celiac-disease#1 . Accessed 20 May 2020 “Celiac Disease - Symptoms and Causes.” ​Mayo Clinic​, 16 Sept. 2019, www.mayoclinic.org/ diseases-conditions/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352220. Accessed 20 May 2020 “Celiac Disease: Info, Symptoms, Treatment | BeyondCeliac.Org.” ​Beyond Celiac,​ 7 May 2020, www.beyondceliac.org/celiac-disease. Accessed 20 May 2020 Genetics Home Reference. “Celiac Disease.” ​Genetics Home Reference​, 12 May 2020, www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/celiac-disease. Accessed 20 May 2020