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Topic Vocabulary:

Crim e

(page 4)

3 Synonyms

READING

1  01|02

Possible Answers The main difference is that British sixth formers only take three or four subjects whereas in our country we have to take nine or ten subjects. British sixth formers select the subjects they want to study.

2 1. The purpose of the website is to provide sixth-

formers enrolled at Renford with some helpful information about their next one or two school years at this institution. 2. First, students will be studying subjects intensively for their final exams, which are really hard. Second, students will have more homework and tasks. 3. Sixth-formers can relax or do homework in the common room, which is a special room with chairs, tables and computers that they can use when they’ve got some free time. 4. The National Space Centre is mentioned in the School Trips section because this year the school has already planned a school trip there in May for the physics students. 5. To keep fit, sixth-formers could join the rock climbing club or the dance club.

3 1. Some students might feel that a one-month holiday

is not long enough. (lines 2-3) 2. You should choose subjects you enjoy because you’ll be much more motivated if you’re really interested in your subjects. (lines 17-19) 3. When they aren’t in lessons, students can meet with friends, read or do their homework. (lines 30-33) 4. There’s a trip to Paris for students who study French. (lines 40-42). 5. Jewellery Making is an example of the after school activities available at Renford. (lines 45-54).

(page 5) Vocabulary

1 Money: bargain, cheque, afford, earn Celebrations: fireworks, guest, wedding, parade Newspapers: scoop, the press, tabloid, publish Crime: thief, witness, robbery, suspect

2 1. slim (it describes appearance not personality) 2. widespread (it doesn’t describe geographical features) 3. innovative (it does not have a negative prefix) 4. custom (it is not related to films) 5. use a landline phone (it’s not related to the Internet)

dull, boring; rude, impolite; gadget, device; trade, exchange; dangerous, risky Antonyms dull, entertaining; boring, entertaining; lend, borrow; out of shape, fit

4 1. go trekking, go viral 2. take part, take a risk 3. keep alive, keep fit 4. news bulletin, news source 5. make a reservation, make money 6. post an update, post a comment

5 front page traditional dish search engine live broadcast worth seeing

body language window display seriously injured burglar alarm user friendly

6 1. front page 2. worth seeing 3. body language 4. user friendly 5. seriously injured 6. live broadcast

7 Possible Answers 1. With fair skin like yours, you shouldn’t spend much time in the sun. 2. We couldn’t stop laughing while she was telling us her hilarious story. 3. If something gives you a thrill, it’s exciting. 4. When you have an open mind, you are really interested in new ideas. 5. If you buy something at half-price, you pay 50% less. 6. A safe is used to keep money and jewels. 7. A challenge is something that’s difficult to do. 8. I’ve run out of milk. There is no milk in the fridge. 9. As people grow up, they get older. 10. Something that improves gets better.

(page 6)

8 1. No, she isn’t. She’s outgoing. 2. No, I’m afraid you can’t. You have to pay in cash. 3. Absolutely. It was breathtaking. 4. No, I didn’t. He was masked. 5. No, I don’t. I’m sure he’s telling the truth. 6. Definitely. It was the biggest box office hit in years. 7. Not really. Actually, he has put on some weight lately. 8. No, they didn’t. Unfortunately, the thief managed to get away.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

9 1. after 2. down 3. on 4. back 5. back

10

11

4 1. am trying

6. into 7. on 8. out 9. by 10. out

1. worried 2. impatient 3. predictable 4. hopeful

5. disapprove 6. challenging 7. unwilling 8 creative

1. waiting 2. to buy 3. taking part 4. Texting

5. to feed 6. to publish 7. watching 8. to pay out

5 1. although he usually leaves much later. 2. and he arrived before all his friends. 3. while we were having breakfast. 4. and now he’s studying for his biology exam. 5 but I didn’t see him leave. 6. but he isn’t coming home until 7 o’clock in the evening.

PERFECT SIMPLE tenses

GRAMMAR PRESENT tenses

1 take place, includes: Present Simple are having, are getting together: Present Continuous 3. are having 4. are getting together

3 Because understand is a stative verb and stative verbs are usually not used in any continuous tense. Instead, simple tenses must be used. Past tenses

4 gave: Past Simple were discussing, were talking: Past Continuous 5 1. gave 2. were talking

7. did … call 8. Do … go 9. wasn’t sleeping 10. don’t usually fall asleep 11. didn’t hear

(page 8)

(page 7)

2 1. includes 2. take place

2. need 3. am not doing 4. are … having 5. wasn’t listening 6. called

3. were discussing

1 1. Alice studies French every day. 2. Alice and her brother study French every day. 3. Alice and her brother speak French every day. 4. Alice and her brother are speaking French now. 5. Alice’s mother is speaking French now. 6. Does Alice’s mother often speak French? 7. Do Alice and her mother often speak French? 8. Are Alice and her mother speaking French at the moment?

2 1. Did you and your family go on holiday last summer? 2. What were you doing at 7 this morning? 3. Was the sun shining when you woke up? 4. What time did you leave for school? 5. How did you get to school? 6. What were you thinking about while you were going to school?

3 Possible Answers 1. Yes, we did. We travelled to Asturias. 2. I was sleeping in bed. 3. Yes, it was. 4. I left for school at quarter to eight. 5. I walked to school. 6. I was thinking about the argument I had yesterday with my best friend.

1 had returned: Past Perfect Simple ’ve been, ’ve travelled: Present Perfect Simple 2 1. ’ve travelled 2. ’ve been 3. had returned FUTURE Tenses

3 1. ’ll call (Future Simple) 2. are we going to do (be going to) 3. ’ll have thought (Future Perfect) 4. isn’t going to be easy (be going to) 5. ’ll be waiting (Future Continuous) 6. ‘ll think (Future Simple)

6 1. haven’t learnt 2. hadn’t completed 3. had solved 4. Have .. chosen 5. hasn’t had 6. Had … checked

7 1. d 2. f 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. e

are … going to cook ’ll be is going to meet ’ll turn on won’t buy ’re going to rebuild

8 1. By 2050, books will have disappeared from the

classroom. 2. Will you be waiting in the library at 4.00? 3. I can’t meet at 6.00. I won’t have finished my homework by then. 4. Within the next few years, computer games will have become part of every lesson. 5. More and more students will be studying online during the coming years.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

9  01|03 1. didn’t know 2. have introduced 3. hold 4. are spending 5. went 6. had seen 7. ’ll have / ’m going to have 8. are going to enjoy / will be enjoying

(page 9)

CO  MMUNICATION listening

1  01|04 1. brother 2. train, boat

3. about two weeks 4. pub

2  01|05 1. d

2. b

3  01|06 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False

5. False 6. True 7. False

speaking

4 1. when greeting someone f. How’ve you been? h. I haven’t seen you for ages. i. How are you doing? 2. when discussing the summer holidays a. And what about you – how was your summer? b. Did you do anything exciting over the summer? d. How long were you there for? e. Did you have a good time? j. How was it? 3. when saying goodbye c. See you later. g. I’ve got to run.

5 Possible answers 1. How are you doing? 2. How’ve you been? 3. Did you do anything exciting over the summer? 4. How long were you there for? 5. And what about you – how was your summer? 6. Did you have a good time? 7. I’ve got to run. 8. See you later.

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1

Student' s BOOK answer key

Topic Vocabulary:

Crim e

(page 10)

2 Identifying Fact and Opinion 1.  Opinion (The verb believes helps us understand this statement is someone’s opinion.) 2. Fact (The reference to academic achievement exams helps us understand this statement must be a fact.)

Getting Started

1 Picture A Queen Elizabeth II (centre) is the mother of Prince Charles (left) and the grandmother of Prince William (right). Picture B President Barack Obama (above) and a younger Obama (below) appears with his maternal grandparents, Madelyn (right) and Stanley Dunham (left). Picture C Twin sisters Daida and Iballa Ruano Moreno (windsurfing world champions). Picture D Country singer Billy Ray Cyrus (left) is the father of Miley Cyrus (right).

3  01|08 true / false questions 1. True 2. True

4 1. d

and do their homework after their music lessons. (lines 5-6) 2. Amy Chua probably brought up her daughters in the same way as her Chinese parents had brought her up. (lines 13-15) 3. Chinese students got the best marks in an exam given to over 500,000 teenage students in 65 countries. (lines 39-41) 4. According to Arabella L, if children are more independent, they’ll learn to make their own decisions. (lines 46-48)

Growing Up

2 Possible Answers 3. A

4. C

5. B

6. D

7. C

3 Pairs 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7

2. b

5 1. In their free time, Sophia and Lulu had to study

 T OPIC Vocabulary

2. B

5. False 6. True

(page 13)

(page 11)

1. D

3. True 4. False

6 1. was in charge of (line 2) 2. emphasises (line 20) 3. give up (line 24) 4. excels at (line 36) 5. get into (line 43) 6. glad (line 50)

listening

4  01|07 1. False. They’re always telling her how she should spend her free time. 2. True 3. False. Gemma looks up to her sister but is not like her. 4. True 5. True

Common Words

1. b

2. a

3. c

7 Possible Answer I wouldn’t like to have Tiger parents. It must be terrible to feel that you’re loved by your parents only if you live up to their standards.

5 Gemma mentions that Jo is smart, fun and easy to talk to.

(page 12)



READING

Accept all logical answers.

1 Possible Answer

(page 14)

I don’t think parents control teenagers enough because parents are often too tired when they come home from work and they just don’t want to argue with their teenage kids at the end of the day. I feel some parents try to control their kids too much. They want to know everything about their lives in order to protect them but don’t give them the opportunity to work things out themselves.

trends

Topic Vocabulary Education

1 1. the US 2. upset 3. confident 4. university

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5. dishonest 6. Chinese 7. laboratories 8. a diploma

4

Student' s BOOK answer key

2 1. requirement

3

School Subjects

9  01|10

5. feedback 6. revise 7. pass 8. Tuition fees

2. sign up for 3. lectures 4. hand in

Equipment

physics whiteboard chemistry tablet information and laptop communication technology (ICT)

1. b

10

Places at School gym library staffroom

professor headteacher lecturer

11

weakness (state of not being strong) hardship (difficult or unpleasant conditions of life) assignment (work or task assigned to someone) generosity (the quality of being helpful and kindhearted) attendance (number of people at an event) Adjectives: financial (relating to money or how money is managed) impressive (extraordinary because important or special) various (many different) worthless (having no value in money) sensitive (easily upset by the things people do or say) suitable (adequate and acceptable) Nouns

Adjectives

educate

education, educator

educated, educational

demand

demand

demanding

apply

application, applicant applied

concern

concern

assess

assessment, assessor assessable

doubt

doubt, doubter

doubtful, doubtless

excel

excellence

excellent

concerning, concerned

neighbouring, neighbourly

(page 15)

6 1. demanding (S)

5. excellence (T) 6. neighbourhood (S) 7. concerned (P) 8. application (T)

2. educational (T) 3. assessment (P) 4. doubtful (P) listening

We use tablets, laptops, projectors, speakers and whiteboards. They’re really helpful because they make lessons more appealing. Whiteboards also make participation and interaction in class easier than ever. 01|09

1. d

2. a

(page 16) GRAMMAR  PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS 1. ’ve learned (Present Perfect Simple) 2. ’ve been doing (Present Perfect Continuous) 3. hadn’t studied (Past Perfect Simple) 4. ’d been failing (Past Perfect Continuous)

1 1. had established, 1st 2. had taken care, 19th 3. has been, 70 4. 1920, hadn’t permitted 5. 1986, haven’t allowed

2 1. had been working 2. have been taking 3. had … been waiting 4. hasn’t been coming 5. has … been studying; hasn’t been studying 6. Had … been teaching

3 1. Julia is doing a project on the history of pop music

so she has been reading articles about the topic. 2. I’ve got an English exam tomorrow, so I have been revising all afternoon. 3. The teacher finally succeeded in opening the classroom door after she had been trying for ten minutes. 4. Since Alex studied yoga in India, he has been practising it every day. 5. Before he gave his first concert, Jake had been playing the violin for five years.

(page 17)

7 Possible Answers

8

01|12

1. positive 2. prize 3. an answer 4. each other

4 Nouns

neighbour neighbourhood

01|11

1. False. The speaker wasn’t sure what he wanted to study at university. 2. True 3. True 4. False. A lot of these courses are free. 5. False. He is considering doing an Introduction to Statistics.

Teachers

Suffixes

5

2. c

3. b

4 1. have opened, E-Books for University Students 2. hadn’t finished, Oldest Student 3. have registered, Biggest School 4. has been solving, Young Genius 5. had been complaining, Teens Wake Up Later 6. had cheated, University Scandal

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Student' s BOOK answer key

5 1. wrong (has been teaching)

5 A

2. correct 3. wrong (had been studying) 4. wrong (have written) 5. correct 6. wrong (have been studying)

2. I’m interested in the Italian Chef Course. Can you give me some general information about the course? B a. Not at all. It’s £50. b. The first lecture is on 15th January and the course is five weeks long. d. You’ll have to prepare four Italian meals and that will take you about seven hours. e. The course is for beginners and you’ll learn traditional Italian cooking for beginners. g. Well, it’s less expensive than a university course but students have to be able to study independently when they’re studying on their own.

6  01|13 1. have been creating 2. had had 3. had been living 4. had explained

5. hadn’t known 6. has … used 7. hasn’t found 8. have become

Grammar Challenge 1. I’ve never taken / done an online course (before). 2. After Alice had had dinner, she revised for her test. 3. I’ve been going to secondary school for two years. / I’ve been at secondary school for two years. 4. How long has the teacher been talking? 5. By the time I arrived, Jack had been sleeping for an hour.

Speaking Strategy I wonder if you can help me. Could you tell me where the course begins and how long it lasts?

Task

(page 18) COMMUNICATION Asking for Information

1 1. Registration at WebAcademy is free. 2. In the course information section. 3. The week’s lecture can be watched whenever it suits students. 4. In online chat rooms and student forums. 5. Hundreds.





trends Possible Answers Advantages Students have the chance to study in their own time. With basically an Internet connection, one person can attend several courses. Disadvantages Online learning is impersonal. There is no social interaction.

2  01|14 1. She’s interested in the Writing in English course. 2. It lasts for five weeks. 3. Five essays. 4. You can work in the comfort of your own room or office. 5. Some students feel isolated because they only talk to other students on the Internet.

3 Access the website and open an account.

Possible Answer Student A: Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. Student B: I’ll certainly try. What information do you need? Student A: I’m interested in the Introduction to Computer Science Course. Can you give me some general information about the course? Student B: The course is for beginners and you’ll learn the essential ideas of computer science. Student A: Could you tell me when the course begins and how long it lasts? Student B: The first lecture is on 8th November and the course is 30 weeks long. Student A: What can you tell me about the course requirements? Student B: You’ll have to complete nine assignments and that will take you about six hours a week. Student A: I see. And would you mind telling me how much the course costs? Student B: Not at all. It’s £255. It’s not expensive. Student A: I have one last question. Perhaps you could explain some of the advantages and disadvantages of doing an online course? Student B: It’s less expensive than a university course and you can study in your own time. However, students have to be good at managing time. Student A: Thank you so much. You’ve been very helpful.

(page 19) speaking

4 1. c

2. e

3. b

4. d

5. a

6. g

7. f

8. -

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Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 21)

(page 20)  W RITING

Despite, In spite of, Although, Even though

A For and Against Essay

1 1. Paragraph 4 2. Paragraph 1

2 1. Paragraph 3 2. Paragraph 1 3. Paragraph 2

1. Although / Even though 2. despite / in spite of

3. Paragraph 3 4. Paragraph 2 4. Paragraph 4 5. Paragraph 2

5 1. a

Connectors of Addition and Contrast

4 Connectors of addition (connecting similar ideas) also (paragraph 2): you might learn to speak a foreign language / you will meet people from all over the world. In addition, (paragraph 2): you will meet people from all over the world / some foreign universities have got subjects that are different to local universities. Moreover, (paragraph 3): foreign universities may be expensive and it isn’t always cheap to live abroad / you could feel isolated and lonely. Besides, (paragraph 3): you could feel isolated and lonely / it’s not always easy for foreign students to get used to a different way of life. What is more, (paragraph 4): you can get a great education at local universities / it will probably be cheaper and you will be close to home. Connectors of contrast (connecting opposing ideas) However, (paragraph 1): These students feel they can get a better education abroad than at a local university / is this really true? On the one hand, / On the other hand, (paragraphs 2-3): many people believe that when you study abroad you get more than just an academic experience / there are many difficulties when you study at a foreign university. although (paragraph 4): there are advantages to studying abroad / you can get a great education at local universities.

3. a

6 1. While 2. Even though 3. On the other hand

3 We often use the Present Simple as well as modals to

present the arguments and the writer’s opinion. These students feel that they can get a better education abroad than at a local university. (paragraph 1) Many people believe that when you study abroad, you get more than just an academic experience. (paragraph 2) ... you learn to understand another culture. (paragraph 2) ... some foreign universities have got subjects that are different from local universities. (paragraph 2) You … might also learn to speak a foreign language. (paragraph 2) ... it may cost more. (paragraph 3) Foreign universities may be expensive ... (paragraph 3) This could affect how well you do at university. (paragraph 3) ... in my opinion, you can get a great education at local universities. (paragraph 4).

2. b

4. b

5. b

4. In addition 5. as well as

7 Possible Answers 1. It was difficult for me to study alone. Furthermore, I needed a teacher who would explain what I didn’t understand. 2. Although some courses cost money, others are absolutely free. 3. In addition to being too long, some of the lectures were quite boring. 4. I decided to take the online course in spite of its high tuition fees. Task Getting Organised 1 Reasons for online learning 2. Online learning is cheaper. 3. Online learning allows greater flexibility. 5. No physical attendance is required. Reasons against online learning 1. There is a lack of student-teacher interaction. 4. There are no face-to-face discussions. 6. Students don’t interact or socialise. 2 Possible Answers Additional reasons for online learning Online education allows students to choose from a wide variety of schools and programs not available in their area. Online education programs allow students to work at their own pace. Online education programs allow people to work while working towards a degree. Additional reasons against online learning Online courses are not as personal as actual classroom learning. Online classrooms lack the ability for people to socialise.

(page 22) Think BACK



Vocabulary

1 1. If you disobey your parents, they will punish you. 2. Ella was brought up by her father and has inherited her musical talent from him. 3. I want to get a degree from a foreign university so I am going to study abroad. 4. Jake may fail the test unless he begins to revise soon. 5. She passed all her exams and finally graduated from university.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

2 1. get 2. hand 3. looked

4. take 5. try 6. sign

3 1. true 2. True 3. False. If your parents allow you to do something, you can do it. 4. True 5. False. If something is innovative, it is really up-to-date.

4 1. weakness 2. worthless 3. assignments

4. neighbourhood 5. attendance

GRAMMAR 5 1. has been studying, goes 2. was driving, was talking / had been talking, didn’t notice 3. hadn’t arrived, came 4. had … been living, found 5. Is … doing, has … finished 6. will have completed, will be travelling / am going to travel

6 1. completed 2. have come up with 3. has been giving 4. was watching 5. had sent 6. impressed 7. have been sending in / have sent in 8. had got Writing Skills

7 1. Although 2. Furthermore 3. despite

4. However 5. as well as 6. also

(page 23)  extra TRENDS TODAY Technology in Schools

1. Radios and television. 2. Interesting educational programmes. 3. It was slow and many schools hadn’t got enough computers. 4. In the 1990s. 5. Social media gives students the opportunity to learn from each other anywhere, anytime. 6. More and more online material will be used. 7. Between 1985 and 1988.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

Topic Vocabulary:

Crim e

(page 24)

4 1. False 2. True

Getting Started

Possible Answers Cartoon A Child labour in developing countries Cartoon B Homelessness / People not wanting to get involved Cartoon C Gender pay gap Cartoon D Social inequality

some years ago. (lines 9-10) 2. Most participants in the experiment don’t report the problem when they are with several other people. (lines 14-18) 3. People might not act because they think that everyone else shares responsibility and should also get involved. (lines 19-21)

(page 27)

6 1. The purpose of the experiment was to prove that

people react in a different way in an emergency when they are alone and when they are with a group of people. 2. No, heroic behaviour is uncommon: there are people who risk their lives to save others and when this happens we usually hear about it in the news. 3. Good Samaritan laws make it obligatory for people to help someone in any dangerous situation. These laws were passed because authorities felt they had to take action as the influence of the bystander effect was so strong that people didn’t feel empathy for the victims in danger.

(page 25) TOPIC Vocabulary Social Issues 2. B

3 1. g 2. f

3. C 5. A, D 4. A, B, D 6. A, B, D

7. B

3. a 4. c

7. b 8. e

5. d 6. h

LISTENING

4  01|15

7 1. stranger (line 4)

Dan: Statements 2, 3 and 5 Anna: Statements 2, 6 and 4

2. bystander (line 9) 3. whole (line 20)

5 Statement 3

trends



(page 26) readING

1 Possible Answers I would help a person in danger because I would hope that if I were in danger, someone would help me. If I saw someone in danger, I would call 911 but I wouldn’t risk my life. Understanding the Author’s Purpose

4. connected (line 32) 5. desire (line 37) 6. dialling (line 45)

Common Words Do what everyone else is doing. (line 5) When we see that no one is doing anything, we will do nothing. (lines 7-8) When other people do nothing, we think they must understand the situation and have a good reason not to react. (lines 23-26) He replied that no one had ever discovered a heroic gene. (lines 30-31) Our desire to make a good impression is very strong and can overcome our tendency to do nothing. (lines 37-38)

Possible Answer In my opinion, the most important factors for young people are quality of life, availability of jobs and affordability. This is what I would take into account when considering a move.



5. False

5 1. Researchers began studying the bystander effect

1 They all show different social issues.

2 1. D

3. False 4. True



trends

Possible Answer When people know they are being watched, they behave in a way that they feel is expected of them.

2  01|16 c

3 1. b

2. c

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Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 28)

LISTENING

TOPIC Vocabulary

7 Possible Answers

Solving Social Problems

1 1. Freedom of speech is a basic human right. 2. People should be allowed to criticise their government. 3. Large cities should have at least one shelter where homeless people can sleep. 4. All secondary-school students should volunteer some time for community service. 5. Schools should ban the use of mobile phones during lessons. 6. Taking part in a demonstration is a valid and useful way to protest. 7. People who refuse to pay taxes should go to prison. 8. Giving money to charity shows that you care about other people.

2 1. a

2. a

3. b

4. a

5. b

6. b

7. a

3 Living conditions: neighbourhood, homeless Possible Additional Answers: citizen, citizenship, community, homelessness, poverty, domestic abuse Health: healthy lifestyle, well-balanced diet Possible Additional Answers: medical check-up, exercise regularly, limit alcohol use, have enough sleep, avoid smoking Crime: break the law, robbery Possible Additional Answers: robber, thief, mugger, murder, theft, suspect Education: graduate Possible Additional Answers: course, degree, higher education, keep up with your studies, meet deadlines Racism: multicultural Possible Additional Answers: racist, ignorant, intolerance, minority, discrimination, prejudice, stereotype Work: earn money, make money Possible Additional Answers: employment, unemployment, salary, wage, bonus, sick leave

Verb Collocations

4 1. f

2. a

3. d

4. e

5. b

6. c

7. g

(page 29)

5 1. make arrangements 2. take action 3. make an effort 4. make sense 5. take charge of 6. take someone’s advice 7. make a speech

Many girls don’t have the opportunity to attend school because their contributions to the household are valued more than their personal education. Many girls have to leave school due to early marriages or pregnancy.

8  01|17 1. They talk about someone who has made a difference. 2. She lived in a village in Pakistan. 3. Because they didn’t believe that girls should be educated. 4. Because they risked their lives by disobeying the Taliban.

9  01|18 1. Malala started writing her blog when she was only 11 years old. 2. In her blog, Malala wrote about the Taliban’s ban on girls’ education. 3. The Taliban didn’t like the fact that Malala was criticising them.

 01|19 10 1. False. The two men asked who Malala was before shooting her. 2. True 3. False. Now she is going to school in the UK. 4. True 5. True 6. True

(page 30) GRAMMAR REPORTED SPEECH

1. 1. We move tenses one tense back (when the reporting verb is in the past). 2. We also move tenses one tense back (when the reporting verb is in the past) and the verb no longer has question order in a reported question. 3. We use the infinitive. 4. We use the gerund form of the verb (or that + subject + base form of the verb) 2. Here becomes there and tomorrow becomes the following day. (Time and place words change in reported speech.) 3. told, ordered, asked, explained, suggested and warned

1 1. The residents complained / thought that there

6 Possible Answers 1. It makes sense to pay attention in class and take good notes every day. 2. I would take my best friend’s advice before making an important decision. 3. It is worth making an effort to get good marks. 4. I’d like to make a speech about social networking.

weren’t enough parks. 2. Jake wondered / wanted to know what he could do to help. 3. The policemen warned / ordered us not to go near the demonstration. 4. Two students recommended / suggested making posters. 5. He admitted / claimed that he hadn’t wanted to get involved.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

2 1. The survey asked students whether they had had

any experience in community service. 2. The survey wanted to know if students had volunteered for the community service programme the previous term. 3. The survey also asked if students were doing any other work after school that year. 4. The survey wanted to know whether students could volunteer for at least six hours every week. 5. The survey enquired if students would be able to volunteer during their summer holiday. 6. The survey asked whether community service should be mandatory for all secondary-school students the following year.

3 1. Sixteen students claimed that they hadn’t had any experience in community service. 2. Fifteen students reported that they had volunteered for the community service programme the previous term. 3. Eight students said that they weren’t doing any other work after school that year. 4. Seven students offered to volunteer for at least six hours every week. 5. Eleven students thought that they wouldn’t be able to volunteer during their summer holiday. 6. Only three students recommended that community service be mandatory for all secondary-school students the following year.

(page 31)

4 1. John asked what time the concert would start

the following day. 2. Max wanted to know if Thomas had called him. He explained that he had heard the phone ring while he had been having a shower. 3. Andrew suggested meeting at the train station. He also warned Thomas not to be late. 4. Lea asked if they should drive to the station and she offered to collect Andrew. 5. Jessie said that according to that morning’s news, the police were going to close the streets around the park. 6. Thomas’ mother mentioned that lots of students were going to the concert. She advised him to leave early.

5 1. had been supporting 2. to sing 3. join 4. had felt 5. had already met 6. had never performed 7. would be 8. was 9. didn’t know

6 Possible Answers 1. My partner said that he had asked his best friend to explain maths to him many times and his friend always answered that he was willing to help him. 2. My partner said that her friends were always borrowing her clothes and added that her reply was always positive because she could never say no to a friend.

Grammar Challenge 1. She told me that she had taken part in a demonstration there the previous year / the year before. 2. The student said that he would not volunteer the following year. 3. The lady asked how much a ticket for that charity dinner cost. 4. My sister advised me not to get involved in that argument. 5. Rachel asked me if / whether I would sign the petition.

(page 32) COMMUNICATION Expressing Opinions

1 1. This charity gives a future to homeless young

people. 2. I would follow the “about us” link. 3. You can volunteer, donate money, sign their online petition and get involved. 4. Because celebrities have visited a homeless service to learn more about its campaigns and support it.

LISTENING

2  01|21 1. The students discuss raising money by having a charity run. 2. To raise money this way, they’ll need to make arrangements with the police. 3. All the students will probably help to organise the run. 4. They are going to use Facebook to let people know about the run. 5. The event will probably take place on the first Sunday of April.

3 Because several students have Saturday jobs and so they won’t be able to participate.

(page 33) speaking

4 Left: Expressing an Opinion

Centre: Expressing Some Doubt Right: Asking for an Opinion

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11

Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 34)

5 Possible Answers

Expressing an Opinion In my opinion, … As far as I’m concerned, …

WRITING An Opinion Essay

1 1. Paragraphs 2 and 3

Expressing Some Doubt Perhaps … I’m not certain … I’m not sure about that. I find it difficult to believe …

2. Paragraph 1 3. Paragraph 4 4. Paragraph 1

2 1. Fact (paragraph 2) 2. Opinion (paragraph 4) 3. Fact (paragraph 3) 4. Opinion (paragraph 1)

Asking for an Opinion What’s your position on … ? What are your views on … ? What would you say to … ? What would you say if we … ?

3 We often use modals and the present simple tense to

present our arguments. Modals In my opinion, this would be a mistake. (paragraph 1) This may be very difficult for many students. (paragraph 2) Since students are given no choice about doing community service, they might feel resentment. (paragraph 3) I do not believe it should be something that is mandatory. (paragraph 4). In my opinion, community service should be an option for those who want to do it. (paragraph 4)

6 Possible Answers 1. Personally, I like the idea of 2. What do you think? 3. I’m not convinced that 4. I guess 5. I know 6. I suppose it could work. 7. how do you feel about 8. I don’t think that 9. I’m sure



Present Simple Quite a few students work because they need to earn money. (paragraph 2) ... students have very few free hours to do community service. (paragraph 2) ... some educators believe that by doing community service, students learn the value of volunteer work. The fact is that studies do not show this. (paragraph 3) Mandatory community service in secondary school does not cause people to volunteer as adults. (paragraph 3) ... students are given no choice about doing community service, ... (paragraph 3) In short, although I understand the importance of getting involved in your community, I do not believe it should be something that is mandatory. (paragraph 4)

Speaking Strategy Well now, OK then.



Task Possible Answer Student A: How can we raise money to support Elderly Alone, the charity which helps the elderly in our town? Personally, I like the idea of a charity concert. Student B: I’m not so sure about that because it will be difficult to convince bands to play for free to support our cause. Student A: Maybe you’re right. Concerts are rather difficult to organise. Do you think that we could hold a sale? Student B: I suppose it could work. We can sell lots of things we no longer use. We could ask our friends to donate things they don’t need. Student A: And we could use social media to promote our sale and raise more money. Student B: I agree and I’m sure we’ll be able to sell lots of things. Where could we hold our sale? Student A: We could hold it in my front yard. What do you think? Student B: That sounds great. Your front yard is fine. Now we just have to see when we should hold the sale. What’s the weather forecast for next Sunday? Student A: It will be warm and sunny. So next Sunday will be great.

Connectors of Cause and Result

4 Connectors of Cause because (paragraph 2) since (paragraph 3) Connectors of Result As a result, (paragraph 2) For this reason, (paragraph 3)

(page 35) Sentence Structure



because of

5 1. a, c 6 1. e

2. b, c 2. d

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3. a

3. a, c 4. b

4. a, b 5. c

12

Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 37)

7 1. Consequently / As a result 2. Because of 3. so 4. Since 5. Consequently / As a result

extra CLIL The Milgram Experiment

2 1. False 2. True 3. False

(page 36) Think BACK



1 1. punish, criticise 2. neighbourhood, slum 3. pass laws, lower the voting age 4. assessment, assignment 5. poverty, hunger take charge take action

3 1. take charge 2. make a speech 3. follow the rules

4 1. sensitive 2. aware of 3. impressive 4. get involved 5. generosity

6. False 7. True

3 Possible Answers

Vocabulary

2 have a say

4. True 5. True

make a speech make the rules follow the rules

1. We obey orders from people we consider to have authority (parents, teachers, police officers, managers, etc.). 2. It is necessary to disobey orders when by obeying, you could harm someone or treat someone in an abusive manner. 3. Milgram was probably influenced by the events of the Holocaust.

4. have a say 5. take action 6. behaved 7. hardships 8. researchers 9. make a big difference

Grammar

5 1. has been helping 2. hadn’t been speaking 3. had … been travelling 4. were taking part 5. Has … been acting 6. not to hand in 7. would take 8. haven’t been working 9. do

6 1. to follow 2. volunteered 3. was doing / was going to do 4. has been lying 5. wouldn’t sign up, wasn’t going to sign up 6. had … been driving 7. hadn’t been cycling 8. Has … been behaving Writing Skills

7 1. In spite of 2. In addition to 3. Although

4. Due to 5. Consequently 6. as

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3

Student' s BOOK answer key

Topic Vocabulary:

Crim e

3. What was really unusual about Saroo’s use of Google Earth was that he came up with the idea of using Google Earth to locate his lost family in India.

(page 38) Getting Started

1 New York City

4. It would be particularly difficult for Saroo to find his family because India is one of the largest countries in the world and has a population of over 1.2 billion people. 5. In Khandwa Saroo recognised a river, a waterfall and a fountain.

(page 39) TOPIC Vocabulary Getting Around

2 1. E

2. D

3. A

3 1. where

4. B

5. C

4. nearer to 5. arrive there 6. don’t expect

2. finger 3. in front of

(page 41)

6 FINDING

listening

4  01|23 1. d

2. c

3. a

4. f

5 Because on Saturday and Sunday you have to wait in long queues for the cable car ride.

trends



Possible Answers Last summer, my family and I went to Asturias in the north of Spain. We stayed in a small hotel near the beach. I made a lot of friends and had lots of fun. Last month, we travelled to Toledo. We went to a wedding ceremony there and stayed at a beautiful hotel near the Alcázar. Toledo is a beautiful place – it’s worth visiting.

1. difficult

2. excited

1. Because he didn’t know what he would find. 2. Because his family didn’t live there and he thought they could have died. 3. Yes, Saroo’s story had a happy ending as neighbours took him to the house where his family lived.

8 Possible Answers I would use Facebook or Twitter because it is possible to find everybody on these websites and they’re free. They are so helpful that you can find people that you haven’t seen for ages. In the past, it was very difficult to track down people if they had moved and not left an address.

reading

2 UNDERSTANDING

REFERENCE they (line 8): the children (Saroo and his brothers and sisters) this (line 22): finding Saroo’s lost family it (line 27): flying over villages using Google Earth

2. True

Idioms



(page 40)

4 1. True

1. meaningful (line 6) 4. worked out (line 24) 2 vanished (line 11) 5. familiar (line29) 3. remarkable (line 15) 6. nearby (line 33)

7  01|25



3 1. b

SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS



trends

Possible Answer Before travelling abroad, I’d like to take a virtual tour of the place where my hotel is located just to check what the area looks like.

2. a 3. False 4. True

5. True

(page 42) TOPIC Vocabulary

5 1. The two children had got on the train to search

for coins on the floor because they wanted to help their poor family. 2. He was more fortunate because he was adopted by an Australian family, whereas many other Indian children have nowhere to live in their country.

Travel Arrangements

1 1. a, c (on a bus, in a car, in a stadium) 2. a, b (a backpack, a rucksack, a shoulder bag, a laptop case) 3. a, b (a van, a scooter, a boat, someone’s services) 4. b, c (after 12.00, at / to a hostel, at / to a hospital) 5. a, c (a plane, a motorcycle, a scooter, a horse, a hot-air balloon) 6. a, b (the local culture, the history of the region)

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14

Student' s BOOK answer key

2 1. e

2. f

3. h

4. c

5. a

6. d

7. b

8. g

3 Possible Answers awesome experience, mountainous region, steep cliffs, steep road, wild region, wild forests, unforgettable experience, shallow stream, narrow road

Noun Collocations

4 1. I slept all the way. I slept the whole time we were travelling. 2. One way or another, I will visit the Galápagos Islands. Nothing will prevent it. 3. I got a sandwich on my way to the theatre. There was a shop nearby. 4. That village is out of the way. It’s far from other villages on our route.

5 1. on time 2. made good time 3. in no time at all 4. for the time being

6 Possible Answers 1. We got to the concert on time although we missed the bus. 2. I see the same people on my way to school. 3. I usually spend time playing computer games. 4. They couldn’t find their way because they didn’t have a GPS device. 5. The lake was out of the way, so we had to drive for half an hour to get there. 6. They made good time in spite of the terrible weather conditions.

(page 43) LISTENING

7 Possible Answers Buses in our country look very different. The bus in the picture looks old, and unsafe – in our country buses are more modern … and look more comfortable. Another difference is the luggage, which we never put on the roof of our buses.

8  01|26 1. On a chicken bus, you might sit near a box of chickens. 2. Although there are only 70 seats on the bus, there could be over 100 passengers. 3. The bus driver drives as if he were driving in a Formula One race. 4. While the bus is moving, the helper goes on the roof to get people’s bags.

9  01|27 1. a

2. c

3. b

10

01|28

1. To get to and from work. 2. Because drivers drive like maniacs along narrow roads. 3. The driver’s helper. 4. Several thousand years ago. 5. $250 6. Like ancient Egyptian pyramids.

(page 44)

GRAMMAR MODALS / MODAL PERFECTS 1. Modals: have to, could Modal Perfects: might have left, should have looked, couldn’t have left, must have fallen The base form of the verb is used with the modals whereas the participle form is used with the modal perfects. 2. a. can, could, be able to b. ought to, should c. need to, must, have to d. mustn’t e. might, may f. must, can’t g. can, could, may h. needn’t, don’t have to 3. a. should have b. must have c. might have d. couldn’t have

1 1. In Rome people drive dangerously so you must /

need to / have to be very careful when you cross a street. 2. You can’t see Rome in one day. 3. People should / ought to dress modestly in churches. 4. In many churches, you can see beautiful art for free. 5. You don’t have to take a guided tour. 6. You might / may come across an outdoor market where you can buy some fruit.

2 Possible Answers 1. You can’t smoke in the hotel. 2. You should book in advance. 3. You needn’t bring any kitchen utensils. 4. You mustn’t make noise between 1.00 pm and 6.00 pm. 5. You can put valuable things in our safe.

3 1, 2, 5 4 1. I would have gone to Sweden but I got ill. 2. My parents weren’t in their hotel room. They might have checked out. 3. She couldn’t have driven to the airport. 4. You shouldn’t have told Jane about the trip. It was a surprise! 5. Someone must have stolen my money.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 45)

listening

5 Excerpt A: a travel blog

2  01|30 1. Both pictures show modes of transport that use wheels. 2. Both modes of transport are powered by people. 3. One picture shows people in a city, while the other shows people in a park. 4. According to the speaker, the people in one picture seem happy, but in the other they seem miserable. 5. The speaker says that the blogger succeeded in choosing interesting photographs. 6. The speaker is comparing pictures A and E.

1. ought to 2. shouldn’t 3. may not have Excerpt B: an advert 4. might have 5. can 6. must

6 1. You must have visited Vatican City when you

were in Rome. Everyone goes there! 2. We would have hired a gondola in Venice but it was too expensive. 3. I really want to go to the top of the Empire State Building. The view of New York from there must be great. 4. They can go on a boat ride on the Thames when they are in England. 5. There was a long queue for tickets to the Louvre. We ought to have bought tickets before we went to Paris. 6. I wasn’t able to wander around the Parthenon in Athens because I’d broken my foot. 1. shouldn’t tell 2. must have felt 3. might change 4. must have been 5. had to find out 6. Could … be 7. could have been 8. have been able to prove

(page 47) speaking

4 Similarities: b, c, d, f Differences: a, e, g Pictures B and D





1. Could I leave my luggage at the hotel? 2. I shouldn’t have left so late. 3. You ought to take a guided tour. 4. Were you able to locate the place? 5. The trip couldn’t have taken only an hour.

(page 46)

CO  MMUNICATION Comparing Pictures

1 A Travel Blog 2. A

3. D

4. F

Speaking Strategy Connectors of sequence For a start (sentence f) Secondly (sentence d) Connectors of addition also (sentence c) too (sentence a)

Grammar Challenge



people can get from one place to another.

5 b, f, d, c, a, e, g

7  01|29

1. C

3 Because these photos show so many different ways

5. B

6. E

trends Possible Answers The rickshaws in photo A can help us work out it must have been taken in India. In photo F we can see a desert so we could infer that it might have been taken in a Middle-Eastern country.

Task Possible Answer Student A: The pictures have got some things in common. Student B: For a start, in both we can see people travelling on a train. Student A: Secondly, in both pictures the passengers look happy. Student B: I can see some differences in the pictures too. The people in picture A are probably European whereas the people in picture B are probably Indian or Pakistani. Student A: I can see one more difference. In picture A we can see a modern western train while in picture B the train looks really old. Student B: Another thing I noticed is that picture A shows people probably travelling on holiday but picture B shows people travelling for other reasons, maybe for work.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 48)

(page 49)

WRITING A Narrative

Connectors of Sequence and Time Expressions

1 1. Paragraphs 2 and 3

4 Connectors of Sequence First (paragraph 2) eventually (paragraph 4) Time Expressions The day before (paragraph 1) Once (paragraph 2) The next thing (paragraph 3) A few hours later (paragraph 4) the next time (paragraph 4)

2. Paragraph 1 3. Paragraph 4

2 1. The narrative took place in Guatemala last year,

the day before the writer had to go back home. 2. The writer wanted to get a bus to the volcanic lake Atitlan. He thought he would have enough time. 3. He arrived at Lake Amatitlan – not Lake Atitlan – because he had got on the wrong bus. 4. No, he wasn’t really upset because he was determined to have a good time as it was his last day in Guatemala and so he enjoyed his day at Lake Amatitlan.

3 Past Continuous is used to describe the setting: The day before I had to leave, the sun was shining. (paragraph 1) Past Simple is used to show the sequence of past events happening one after the other: I managed to get to the bus station, where people were very helpful. They smiled and pointed to the bus I should take. Once my bags were on the roof and I was inside, I sat down to enjoy the ride. (paragraph 2) I was on holiday and I was determined to have a good time. I walked around the pretty village ... and eventually found some stalls with delicious local food. (paragraph 4) Past Perfect Simple is used to talk about past actions that had happened before another past action: The next thing I knew, someone was shaking me. We had reached our destination. ... This couldn’t be right – only 45 minutes had gone by! We had arrived at Lake Amatitlan – not Lake Atitlan. The names sounded the same, so I had taken a bus to the wrong lake! (paragraph 3)



Climax The writer had got on the wrong bus and so he didn’t arrive at Lake Atitlan as he had planned. Instead, he got to Lake Amatitlan. Rising action The writer didn’t speak any Spanish but managed to get to the bus station, where some local people pointed to the bus he should take. After getting on the bus, he was so tired that he fell asleep. Falling action As the writer was on holiday and it was his last day in Guatemala, he decided to enjoy his trip to Lake Amatitlan even though he hadn’t planned to visit this place. He eventually had a great day there.

5 1. At first

4. Once 5. It all began 6. During

2. Later, 3. Finally,

6 Possible Answers d, f, c, a, e, b Last summer, my whole family was really excited about going camping in Italy. Once we landed in Milan in the afternoon, we hired a car and set off to find the campsite. After driving around for hours, my father realised we had got lost on the mountain roads. Then, it got so dark that we stopped at a petrol station to ask for directions. The petrol station owner laughed before he pointed to a big sign in front of us, “Bella Camping”. All in all, it wasn’t a great beginning, but we had an absolutely fantastic holiday.

(page 50) Think BACK

1

Vocabulary Travel youth hostel guided tour foreign language book in advance luggage

Social Issues

Education

standard of living graduate inequality foreign language living conditions tuition fees

2 1. After walking for hours, we ended up in / came across a small village. 2. Did you enjoy the lecture / sights? 3. What time do we have to check out / in? 4. His parents encouraged / allowed him to go to France alone. 5. The fare / accommodation was expensive. 6. Did you go to the demonstration / shelter yesterday?

3 make sense, make good time take steps, take advice get a degree, get closer, get involved, get advice

4 1. landmark 2. went sightseeing 3. impressive 4. various 5. wandering

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6. view 7. reach 8. make an effort 9. out of the way

17

Student' s BOOK answer key

grammar

5 1. wasn’t 2. had had 3. not to arrive 4. had been wandering 5. hasn’t been driving 6. has just taken off 7. Had … got on 8. will be travelling

6 1. mustn’t park 2. did … have to check out 3. shouldn’t have cheated 4. Do … need to leave 5. might have … landed 6. couldn’t go 7. weren’t able to buy 8. would have taken Writing Skills

7 1. Besides 2. because of 3. For this reason

4. All of a sudden 5. as soon as 6. During

(page 51)

extra LITERATURE

1  01|31 The Road Goes Ever On and On 1. He is on a road, very far from the place where his journey began. 2. He expects the road to join other roads where he will probably have to do some more errands. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 3. In the middle of his journey, the narrator stops in the woods because he feels attracted to this place. 4. The narrator’s horse objects to his stopping.

2 In both poems the narrator decides to continue his journey.

3 a. Possible Answers The door stands for the beginning of the journey (probably the narrator’s birth or hometown). Many paths symbolise other people’s lives. b. Possible Answer Sleep could be similar to “stop fulfilling his responsibilities”. The narrator cannot stop in the woods because he has to fulfil responsibilities imposed by society. It could also refer to death.

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18

4

Student' s BOOK answer key

Topic Vocabulary:

Crim e

(page 52)

3 1. At first the writer didn’t understand the reason for

going to such a lot of trouble for a hamburger, but then realised that the meat industry is bad for the environment. (lines 10-13) 2. The writer explains the connection between water and soil pollution and the meat industry. (lines 13-19) 3. Although it may be possible to overcome the difficulties of producing in-vitro meat, people might be reluctant to eat it. (lines 39-41) 4. Post feels optimistic about the future of lab-grown meat despite the problems. (lines 43-44) 5. The writer emphasised that fewer animals would die if we produced lab-grown meat. (lines 48-49)

Getting Started

1 Environmental problems: Picture B (deforestation) Picture C (use of pesticides) Picture D (rising sea level) Picture F (littering) Environmental solutions: Picture A (wind power) Picture E (solar power)

(page 53) TOPIC Vocabulary

4 1. b

The Environment

5 1. Growing food for animals has a negative impact

2 1. Picture D

on world hunger because large areas of land are used to grow food for animals instead of growing food for people. 2. The main advantage of producing meat in a laboratory is that we could stop world hunger while causing less damage to the environment. 3. The writer compares meat cells to babies to show that it is not easy to produce meat in a lab since meat cells must be looked after carefully. 4. People might not want to eat lab-grown meat because they might find this kind of meat rather unnatural. 5. The vegetarian referred to in the last paragraph is the author of the article.

4. Picture F 5. Picture B

2. Picture E 3. Picture C Picture A: environmentally friendly, renewable energy

3 1. f

2. e

3. a

4. c

5. b

trends Possible Answers oil spills water pollution wildfires

LISTENING

(page 55)

4  02|01 1. d

2. b

2. e

3. a

4. b

6 1. cells (line 8) 2. trouble (line 11) 3. in fact (lines 25-26)

5 He also suggests spending more money on researching environmentally friendly food products.

(page 54)

1. c

1 Possible Answer I think in the future, people will be eating more processed food with very little natural ingredients.

2  02|02 Identifying the Main Idea of a Paragraph

a. Paragraph 2 b. Paragraph 4 c. Paragraph 3

Common Words



readING

d. Paragraph 5 e. Paragraph 1

4. keep (line 32) 5. reluctant (line 40) 6. clearly (line 42)

2. a

3. b

(page 56) TOPIC Vocabulary Environmental Issues

1 1. recycling plants 2. urban farms 3. wind turbine 4. carbon footprint

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5. limited supply 6. ecological balance 7. green features

19

Student' s BOOK answer key

2 1. False. Sustainable energy sources do not cause any damage to the environment. 2. True 3. False. A landfill is a place for the disposal of waste materials. 4. True 5. False. Electric cars haven’t yet replaced petrolburning cars but maybe one day they will. 6. True 7. True 8. False. People should dump their rubbish in bins.

3 1. protect, recycle, reuse, clean up, save 2. destroy, pollute 3. recycling bin 4. rubbish 5. factory

(page 58) grammar CONDITIONALS 1. If environmental work appeals to you, you’ll love our conservation programme. 2. If the flight didn’t cost so much, I’d fly to Ecuador tomorrow. 3. I would have stayed even longer if I had known we’d be so helpful. 4. When we cut down rainforests, we harm the environment. 5. If you’re interested ... , don’t miss this opportunity.

1 1. d 2. e

Prefixes

3. b

4 impractical, disappear, illegal, non-renewable, unnecessary, incomplete 1. incomplete 4. impractical 2. disappear 5. unnecessary 3. illegal 6. non-renewable

4. a

5. c

(page 57)

5 extraordinary, intercity, rechargeable, underpaid / overpaid, misunderstood, overpopulated / underpopulated 1. underpaid 4. overpopulated 2. intercity 5. extraordinary 3. rechargeable 6. misunderstood

listening

6 Possible Answer It is different because it has green features such as solar panels, green roofs, fiberglass windows and even urban farms.

7

02|03

1. 7 billion 2. 2050

8

02|04

1. b

9

3. 75% 4. 600 metres

2. a

3. c

02|05

1. True 2. True 3. False. An office building in Tokyo was inspired by Callebaut’s ideas. 4. False. The Dragonfly will have both homes and offices. 5. True 6. False. The Dragonfly hasn’t been built yet.



If more people used energy-efficient light bulbs, they would consume much less energy. If a recycling plant recycles one tonne of paper, we save 17 trees. If we hadn’t thrown so much rubbish into the ocean, millions of sea creatures wouldn’t have died. You will probably share this planet with another 28 billion people if you live to the end of this century. Don’t send your plastic bottles to the landfill if you can recycle them. Time Clauses

2 1. If a jacket didn’t fit you any more, would you take

it to a charity shop? 2. Will you teach your children about the environment when you have a family? 3. Would you buy organic fruit and vegetables if you could get them near your home? 4. If your school had offered a course in Environmental Awareness, would you have taken it? 5. Will you buy lab-grown meat as soon as it reaches your local supermarket? Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

3 1. Europeans will use 80% fewer plastic bags in the

future if the EU decides to ban them. 2. Unless we do something about water pollution soon, in 10 years many people won’t have enough drinking water. 3. If you collected all the waste in the UK for one year, it would fill Trafalgar Square to the top of Nelson’s Column. 4. When you use energy-efficient light bulbs, you save about £30 a year on electricity. 5. In 2010, 118 million mobile phones were thrown out in the US. If we had recycled these phones, we would have saved about 4,600 kilograms of gold. 6. Paris will remain one of the most polluted cities in the world until it begins banning cars from the city centre. Sentence 3 is incorrect. If you collect all the waste in the UK for one day, it would fill Trafalgar Square to the top of Nelson’s Column.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 59) WISH CLAUSES 1. Sentences c and d 2. Sentence a



Possible Answers Eco-tours are becoming more and more popular in our country. One of the best places for an eco-tour is La Gomera (Canary Islands), where you can join an eco-tour of Garajonay, a forest with millions of years of history. It would also be a good idea to join an eco-tour of Somiedo Natural Reserve in Asturias, which is home to one of Europe’s largest populations of freeroaming brown bears.

3. Sentence b

1. could + base form of the verb (when the subject is I or we) and would + base form of the verb (other subjects) 2. Past Simple Tense 3. Past Perfect Tense

4 1. studied 2. had participated 3. could go

4. had got 5. could ride 6. could afford

5 Possible Answers 1. I wish my neighbourhood were safer. If only the crime rate were lower in this area. 2. If only my school would offer more appealing courses next year. If only my school had a canteen. 3. I wish my city were a better place to live. I wish there were fewer cars. I wish there was less pollution. 4. If only there were enough jobs for everybody in my country. 5. I wish people were more generous in the world today. I wish people weren’t always thinking about themselves.

6  02|06 1. would stop 2. were 3. hadn’t made 4. wouldn’t have thrown out

LISTENING

2  02|07 1. Kew Gardens. 2. To learn more about rainforests. 3. A recycling plant. 4. Greg says this recycling plant is new and one of the biggest ones in the world. 5. The recycling plant.

3 875 million bottles (page 61) speaking

4 1. c

5. planned 6. shop 7. will go 8. will save 9. don’t wait

Grammar Challenge 1. Unless we do something, the problem won’t get better. 2. I wish I had visited the urban farm. 3. If I were you, I would recycle more. 4. If Sam had been 18, he could have volunteered for the job. 5. If only I could live in the countryside.

(page 60) COMMUNICATION Reaching an Agreement

1 1. growing vegetables in the city when you visit

urban farms 2. plants that grow in other countries if you go to Kew Gardens 3. what is done with things we throw away if you visit a recycling plant 4. plants on top of buildings if you go on a tour of London’s rooftops 5. how buildings can be more environmentally friendly if you take a tour of London’s green architecture

trends



2. d

3. a

4. b

Speaking Strategy

Supporting the Green Architecture tour: Students will learn about environmentally friendly features in London’s buildings. Supporting Kew Gardens: We’d learn all about the importance of plants in our environment and how they help put oxygen back into our atmosphere.

5 Amy:

Have you looked at the ideas for the class trip? Leo: Yeah, I’ve seen them. I think it’s between the trip to Kew Gardens and the Green Architecture tour. Amy: Which would you rather do? Leo:  I’d rather go on the Green Architecture tour because students will enjoy learning about environmentally friendly features in London’s buildings. Amy:  I don’t know about that. At Kew Gardens, we’d learn all about the importance of plants in our environment and how they help put oxygen back into our atmosphere. Leo: I see what you mean. Kew Gardens might be more interesting. Amy: Good – so we’ve decided. Leo:  Yes, I agree a trip to Kew Gardens is the best choice.

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Student' s BOOK answer key



5 1. d

Task Possible Answer Student A: Have you looked at the ideas for the class trip? Student B: Yeah, I’ve seen them. I think it’s between the tour of London’s Rooftops, the tour of London’s Green Architecture and the trip to the Growing Communities. Student A: Which do you think is better? Student B: I’d prefer the tour of London’s Rooftops because students will discover the hidden Kensington Roof Gardens and will also learn how they help reduce our carbon footprint. Student A: Are you sure? On the tour of London’s Green Architecture we would learn about green features like energy conservation, which sounds really interesting and at the urban farms we would learn how local residents make money by growing and selling organic food. Student B: I see what you mean. The Growing Communities might be more appealing and some of our friends might even learn how to make some money by growing organic food. Student A: Good – so we’ve decided. Student B: Yes, I agree a trip to the Growing Communities is the best choice.

2. c 3. a

4. b 5. e

Our world has a limited supply of fuel. Consequently, scientists are looking for alternative supplies of energy. Plastic bags are very useful. Unfortunately, they are also very harmful to the environment. Global warming is changing our climate. Obviously, we must do something to stop it soon or there will be terrible consequences. A Swedish company has created a new gas. Apparently, it eliminates all CO2 emissions. Despite having many advantages, solar power only provides a small part of the world’s energy supply.

Task 1 Relevant points for a summary: 1, 4, 5, 10

(page 64)

Think BACK Vocabulary 1 1. b

2. d

3. a

2 1. standard 2. fixed 3. urban 4. living 5. friendly

3 1. sustainable

(page 62) WRITING A Summary

2 Ideas included in the summary 3. the definition of a wind turbine (these structures convert wind energy into electricity) 4. when the first wind turbines were built (the first wind turbines were built about 100 years ago) 5. the main advantages of using wind turbines (electricity produced this way is not expensive and causes no pollution) 8. the future of wind turbines (the demand for wind turbines will probably continue to grow in the future) Ideas not included 1, 2, 6, 7

3 Summary b is better because it doesn’t provide

unnecessary details (965 million cars; 16.7% of all CO2) but focuses just on the main ideas (cars pollute the atmosphere and use petrol whereas hybrid cars cause less pollution).

(page 63) Paraphrasing

2. financial 3. unnecessary 4. unnatural 5. valuable

4 1. disobey 2. financial 3. underestimate

4. f

5. h

6. e

7. g

8. c

6. Freedom 7. global 8. carbon 9. rising 10. recycling 6. disobey 7. incomplete 8. underestimate 9. inequality 10. determined 4. determined 5. valuable 6. incomplete

Grammar

5 1. would have helped, had known 2. not to use, were doing 3. should 4. will call, arrive 5. had been studying, returned 6. will be taking, Do … want 7. have been playing, would stop 8. mustn’t

6 1. is causing 2. don’t think 3. lived 4. has risen 5. are

6. will bring 7. scares 8. would listen 9. will disappear 10. had seen

4 1. Although lab-grown meat needs more research,

scientists believe it will make a real difference to our society one day. 2. Finally, the new bottles are sent to the shops. 3. During the research, they discovered a new kind of energy. 4. Fortunately, engineers have found a solution. 5. Glaciers are melting. Consequently, sea levels are rising.

Writing Skills

7 1. Unfortunately 2. Even though 3. During 4. Obviously

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5. As a result of 6. Besides 7. since 8. Moreover

22

Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 65)  extra



TRENDS TODAY

Environmental Issues

1 Waste and Recycling Energy Pollution What people are doing to protect the environment

2 1. Greece recycles the least municipal waste and

Germany recycles the most. 2. A higher percentage of paper products are recycled than plastic or e-waste products. 3. The two sources of renewable energy referred to are solar and wind. 4. In 95% of beaches, lakes and rivers, the water is clean enough for swimming. 5. Energy is saved by people using energy-efficient devices in their homes.

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5

Student' s BOOK answer key

Topic Vocabulary:

Crim e

(page 67)

(page 69)

TOPIC Vocabulary Animals

5 1. What is special about the cuckoo finch is that it

2 1. D

2. A

3. C

4. B

3 1. c

2. d

3. b

4. a

uses a clever trick to have its chicks brought up by another bird. 2. When the colour of the foster parents’ eggs changes, the cuckoo finch’s eggs will also change so that foster parents won’t be able to tell their own eggs apart. 3. The foster parent isn’t disturbed by the fact that the cuckoo finch chicks are different because it is used to having chicks that look different. 4. The cuckoo catfish offspring are able to eat the foster parent’s babies because they are born first so they can eat all the other babies when they hatch. 5. Scientists don’t understand how some animals come up with these ingenious cons but they do understand why these tricks are used: it is an excellent survival skill, as animals that use these cons can focus on producing more offspring.

LISTENING

4

02|08

They discuss questions 3, 5 and 8. 3. On their mother’s back (like the female scorpion). In their mother’s mouth (to protect them from harm). 5. The wolf and the ant. 8. The amoeba and bacteria.

5 It is located in their antennae.

trends The spiral staircase resembles a snail’s shell.

6 1. on their own (line 7)

(page 68)

2. gorgeously (line 12) 3. tell them apart (line 20) 4. over and over again (line 25) 5. starve (line 32) 6. requires (line 44)

READING 1 Possible Answer People often cheat in order to gain something or to avoid embarrassment.

2  02|09

Guessing Meaning from Context con (line 4): a trick to make someone do what you want chicks (line 7): baby birds foster (line 9): looking after babies / eggs for a limited time hatch (line 29): cause an egg to break in order to allow a young animal to come out

3 1. a

2. b

4 SENTENCE

COMPLETIONS 1. For centuries, the cuckoo finch has been practising deception. (lines 2-4) 2. Sometimes, foster parents will try to make sure their offspring survive by changing the colour of their own eggs so as to differentiate them from the impostor’s eggs. (lines 18-21) 3. The foster parent thinks the cuckoo finch’s chicks are also hers even though they may look different. (lines 24-27) 4. In addition to birds and insects, brood parasitism can also be seen in some fish, like the cuckoo catfish. (lines 34-36) 5. It’s easier to produce offspring if you get someone else to raise your babies for you. (lines 45-47)

Common Words

1. c

2. a

3. b

7 Possible Answer Animals are attacked by predators so they produce lots of offspring so they don’t become extinct.



trends Possible Answer Wildlife conservation is important because wildlife represents biodiversity, which is important for your own health and the well-being of the whole planet. In nature, different species are connected through various food webs. For this reason, the disappearance of one species could influence several others down the line.

(page 70) TOPIC Vocabulary Man and Animals

1 1. False 3. True 5. True 7. False 2. False

4. False

6. True

8. True

2 1. Circus animals are seldom treated well. 2. Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. 4. When an animal is in distress, it is miserable. 7. If an animal has got a disease, it is ill.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 72)

3 1. destroyed 2. were dangerous to 3. destruction of their natural environment 4. reduction in numbers 5. nature reserves 6. almost extinct

4 Verbs relating to animals: bite

Verbs relating to people: rescue, train Verbs relating to both: attack, catch, hunt, look after, feed Possible Answers Animals catch their prey. People rescue endangered animals. People hunt animals for their fur. Animals attack people when they’re threatened. Animals look after and feed their offspring. People train their pets. Animals bite their prey.

Adjectives and Prepositions

5 1. f

2. b

3. d

4. e

5. a

6. c

(page 71)

6 1. tired of 2. good at 3. good for

4. pleased with 5. tired from 6. pleased for

7 Possible Answers 1. I’m tired of studying for exams. 2. I’m devoted to my family. 3. I’m good at maths. 4. I’m concerned about global warming. 5. I’m involved in our school play at the moment.

LISTENING

9

10

4. 108ºC 5. 10

02|11

1. Ten thousand different species of bacteria live on humans. 2. They help us digest food. 3. They use chemicals to communicate with each other.

11

THE PASSIVE / THE CAUSATIVE 1. Past Simple: was established Present Continuous: are being hurt Modal: can be saved Present Simple: is made, are (often) invited 2. Causative: get laws passed It is formed with have / get + object + the participle of the main verb. The causative structure is different in Spanish.

1 1. Moby Dick was written by Herman Melville. 2. The animals at our shelter are always treated well. 3. Those birds are going to be tracked by satellite. 4. Many racehorses died while they were being ridden by famous jockeys. 5. Animals that have not been raised in captivity may be more frightened of people. 6. You wouldn’t have been stung by the scorpion if you hadn’t moved that rock! 7. The wolf had been caught before it killed any sheep. Sentences 1, 4 and 6 have got agents.

2 1. What colour are mosquitoes attracted to the

most? c 2. In which direction do bats always fly when they leave a cave? c 3. Who was the book On the Origin of Species written by? a 4. What living organism has survived on this planet longer than any other? b 5. Which bird hasn’t been seen since the 17th century? a 6. Where can animals still be used for testing cosmetic products? a

3 1. Animals shouldn’t be killed for their fur.

02|10

1. humans 2. two halves 3. 10 hours

Grammar

02|12

2. The animals have already been fed (by the zookeepers) today. 3. Was that picture of a bird painted by Leonardo da Vinci? 4. The dogs were being trained by professionals all afternoon yesterday. 5. Many animal species will be wiped out by climate change in the future. 6. At the moment, the wildlife sanctuary is being managed by a local woman. 7. The little girl must have been bitten by a rat.

1. False. Bacteria first appeared on Earth about 200,000 years ago. 2. False. Bacteria grow and reproduce like all living creatures. 3. False. A bacterial cell can reproduce every 20 minutes. 4. True 5. False. Only some bacteria cause disease. 6. True 7. True

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Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 74)

(page 73)

COMMUNICATION Talking about a Picture

Sentences with Two Objects

4 1. She has been lent a book on horses by a friend. /

A book on horses has been lent to her by a friend. 2. They are being sent two baby crocodiles. / Two baby crocodiles are being sent to them. 3. The vet should have been paid £20 by the dog’s owner. / Twenty pounds should have been paid to the vet by the dog’s owner. 4. I wasn’t given this black cat by my mother. / This black cat wasn’t given to me by my mother. 5. When will we be shown the new animals? / When will the new animals be shown to us?

5 Possible Answers 1. She had / got it built (by a carpenter). 2. We have / get them cleaned (by a cleaning services company). 3. I had / got it cut (by a pet hairdresser). 4. He will have / get them trained (by a professional trainer). 5. She is having / getting the experiment done (by her students). 6. He is going to have / get it walked (by a neighbour).

6 Possible Answers 1. I didn’t have / get my dog vaccinated last week. (a pet owner) 2. I haven’t had / got the clinic cleaned since Friday. (a vet) 3. We must have / get this medicine tested on animals before people use it. (a scientist) 4. Are you having / getting the animals trained before we shoot the scene? (a film producer) 5. I want to have / get animal testing banned all over the world. (an animal rights activist)

7 1. had been brought 2. were taking 3. was being tortured 4. was being treated 5. was allowed

6. are experimented 7. suffer 8. has been banned 9. can be sold 10. have / get … signed

GRAMMAR CHALLENGE 1. We hadn’t been sent an invitation. 2. Was the petition signed by many people? 3. She has had her dog’s hair washed. 4. The rights of many animals are protected by PETA. 5. Will I / you / he / she get those photos printed tomorrow?

1 1. The organisation would like people to help animals by donating money. 2. These creatures are taken from their mothers when they’re still babies. 3. People who train the dancing bears often mistreat them. 4. Despite the condition of the horses, many people think that horse racing is glamorous. 5. Injured animals are often shot in this sport. 6. Both pictures show examples of animals which are mistreated.



trends Possible Answers I don’t think it’s a good idea to ban animal acts in circuses because many people would lose their jobs. I think it is a good idea to ban the use of wild animals in circuses because these animals are often mistreated.

LISTENING

2  02|14 1. She’s looking at the FAR website. It’s an animal rights organisation. 2. A photograph of a horse race. 3. The race is known for being dangerous. 4. They might be shot if they can’t race any more. 5. Some spectators seem to be very unhappy. One guy even looks like he is going to cry.

3 In an Italian city called Siena. (page 75) speaking

4 1. b

2. c

3. d

4. a

5 Possible Answers A 2. How cruel! I suppose they’re in distress. 3. Yes, they do. But look how young those boys are, especially that one at the back. Perhaps they’re really poor and the bears help them make a little money. B b. Do you mean the dancing bears? Yeah. Look at the bear on the left. It seems like there’s a ring in his nose. c. I agree. It must be terrible for them. But their trainers look happy, don’t they? d. I guess you’re right. There’s a lot of poverty in India, isn’t there?

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Student' s BOOK answer key



(page 77)

Speaking Strategy But I can’t believe animals are still being treated this way, can you? There is a lot of poverty in India, isn’t there?



Task Possible Answer Discussion of picture 2 Student A: Have you seen this photo of the cock fight? Student B: Yeah. Look at the people in the background. It must be somewhere in Asia, maybe in the Philippines. Cock fighting is very popular there. Student A: How cruel! You can tell the birds are suffering. Student B: I agree. I suppose it must be terrible for the birds. But the people watching the fight look delighted, don’t they? Student A: Yes, they do. Perhaps they bet some money on the bird which is winning. Student B: I suppose you’re right. But it’s so violent and bloody! Student B: Yeah. I can’t believe people can have fun out of animals’ suffering. Student A: Cock fights must be banned all around the world. Student B: I agree.

(page 76) WRITING A Biography

1 1. Paragraph 3 2. Paragraph 4



3. Paragraph 1 4. Paragraph 2

4 His goal in life was to educate the public about

wildlife so that people around the world could share his knowledge and love for animals. (paragraph 1) To help him achieve this goal, he and his wife, Terri, started working on television. (paragraph 3) He was scuba diving off the coast of Australia in order to film some of the area’s dangerous sea creatures. (paragraph 3) Today, his family still keeps the wildlife park so as to continue Steve’s work. (paragraph 4)

5 1. He studied chemistry in order to find a solution to the problem. 2. She used to stay out all night so that she could watch the stars. 3. So as not to disappoint his parents, he studied medicine. 4. To save money, he worked hard and rarely went out. 5. She studied day and night in order not to fail her exams.

6 1. During her childhood, Jane Goodall was fascinated

by animals and watched their behaviour closely so that she could learn more about them. 2. When she grew up, she dreamed of going to Africa in order to see the wild animals there. 3. As a young woman, Jane worked hard to make money and support herself. 4. Eventually, Goodall spent a lot of time in Africa so that she could observe and study wild chimpanzees in their natural habitat. 5. Today, Goodall spends her time teaching. She believes a person can use his or her life to make the world a better place for humans and animals.

7 1. d

Quotations “I believe that education is all about being excited about something … If we can get people excited about animals … it makes it a heck of a lot easier to save them.” (paragraph 4)

2 1. Paragraph 4

Connectors of purpose

3. Paragraph 3

2. Paragraph 2

3 We mainly use past tenses (to talk about a person’s

achievements): He learned his love for animals from his parents, who owned a wildlife park. (paragraph 2) During his childhood, he helped take care of them and learned all about their natural habitats and behaviour. (paragraph 2) By the time he grew up, Irwin had decided that he would work to protect endangered species. (paragraph 3) He and his wife, Terri, started working on television. (paragraph 3) Irwin died on 4th September, 2006. He was stung in the heart by a stingray. At the time he was scuba diving off the coast of Australia. (paragraph 3) Steve raised conservation awareness around the world. (paragraph 4)

2. a

3. b

4. c

(page 78)

Think BACK Vocabulary 1 1. True 2. False. In the UK, citizens have got rights. 3. False. When you lead people, you tell them what to do. 4. True 5. True 6. False. Most animals will protect their offspring. 7. False. Scientists often tag animals in order to track them. 8. False. Predators hunt their prey.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

2 1. We hoped that after the demonstration, people

would support our cause / sign the petition. 2. Deforestation has an effect on global warming / the ecological balance. 3. I felt very upset after I found out that he had deceived / cheated me. 4. Various species of animals are endangered / wiped out due to loss of their habitat. 5. The flight landed / took off at 5.00 pm.

3 1. famous for 2. hardships 3. raised 4. encouraged 5. took … advice

6. various 7. concerned 8. crops 9. environmentally friendly 10. diseases

3 1. The four animals represent positive features of the people from the country they are from: bravery, courage, power, leadership, strength, etc. 2. They’re mythological animals which have become national symbols. 3. The Lion of England (any English football fan will recognise the three lion symbol of the English Football Association); The Red Dragon of Wales (Today, the red dragon of Wales can be seen standing proud on the Welsh flag); The Wolfhound of Ireland (Even today, many Irish names, like Conan, begin with the letter Co, often a derivative of Cu).

Grammar

4 1. wouldn’t have woken up 2. has been volunteering 3. Do … have to clean 4. didn’t have / get … delivered 5. are going to be moved 6. hadn’t bought 7. was … passed 8. haven’t been fed

5 1. weren’t brought up 2. were behaving 3. could go 4. had been searching 5. have / get … seen 6. do … take after 7. to revise 8. has … been located Writing Skills

6 1. finally 2. Although 3. due to 4. In order to

5. During 6. so that 7. First

(page 79) extra CULTURE Animal Symbols of the UK

2 1. The three golden lions, which are the symbol of

English royalty today, were also the symbol of Richard the Lionheart, who was famous for his bravery. 2. The unicorn was considered to be dangerous, so early artists used to paint a golden chain around its body, meaning that people would be in danger if the unicorn escaped. 3. In Welsh, the word draig means both leader and great fighter. 4. Irish heroes put the syllable Cu before their names to show their excellence in hunting and in battle.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

Topic Vocabulary:

Crim e

(page 80)

(page 82)

Getting Started

READING

1 Possible Answers

1 Possible Answer

Picture A Young entrepreneurs are attending a training course for self-employment. Picture B A female candidate is being interviewed for a job. Picture C A woman is searching online for a job. Picture D An apprentice carpenter is being given advice by a qualified instructor. Picture E A student is working as a waitress. Picture F A construction worker is on a construction site.

I think people collect metal rubbish from the streets to make some cash. Some people can even make a living by recycling scrap metal.

2 SCANNING

FOR INFORMATION 1. Getting Rich in the Recession 2. 13 million tonnes 3. about 50 years ago 4. Rolex and Mercedes 5. 61,000

3  02|17

4 1. False

Work

2 1. Picture E

4. Picture B 5. Picture A 6. Picture C

2. Picture D 3. Pictures D, F 3. a 4. a

5. b 6. b

7. a 8. b

Suffixes -er and -ee



trainee (somebody learning and practising the skills of a new job).

LISTENING

4. True

1. Both 2. Lily

3. Stephen 4. Stephen

(page 83)

6 If Michael wears an expensive watch and drives a

4  02|16 5. Stephen 6. Both

5 She wants to save up money to travel before she goes

luxury car, he must be making a lot of money out of the scrap metal industry.

7 1. businesses (line 4) 2. outdated (line 6) 3. thrown away (lines 25-26) 4. ancestors (line 42) 5. tough (line 53) 6. deal in (line 68)

to university.



3. True

grandparents. (lines 21-23) 2. Michael’s company is very successful in spite of the recession which is affecting other businesses. (lines 28-31) 3. Adam started collecting scrap metal because he wasn’t able to find any other job when he got out of prison. (lines 32-34) 4. Charlie and Alfie are continuing the family tradition of going through the streets of London with a pony and cart collecting old things. (lines 40-45) 5. Collecting and selling metal is a way for Cheryl to support herself and her three children after her recent divorce. (lines 49-53)

TOPIC Vocabulary

2. b

2. False

5 1. The company that Michael runs was set up by his

(page 81)

3 1. b

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 2. a

1. d

trends Possible Answer A teen concierge must have good people skills and should help teen guests plan their visit. They must have good knowledge of their town or city and must be available to answer texts from visiting teens at any time.



Common Words

1. b

2. c

3. d

4. a

8 Possible Answer The TV series focuses on the scrap metal industry to show that even though this business is not glamorous at all, it is possible for those who work hard to make serious money.

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Student' s BOOK answer key



trends

LISTENING

Possible Answers Recycling researchers (They conduct research on the time and cost of recycling products.) Recycling engineers (They ensure that recycling plants work smoothly and effectively.) Recycling product designers (They use recycled materials for making new products.)

7  02|18 1. He was under pressure to find work. 2. He’s going to give guitar lessons on the Internet to make some money. 3. Because on YouTube there is no interaction with the person who is teaching so nobody can correct your mistakes.

8  02|19 (page 84) TOPIC Vocabulary Qualifications

1 1. b

2. g

3. f

4. e

5. a

6. c

7. d

2 1. Fluent 2. under pressure 3. work overtime 4. career 5. Reliable 6. meets the requirements 7. available 8. Résumé



9  02|20

trends Possible Answer I think it is fair because you should know that what you post can be seen by a lot of people so if you think that some information or some pictures shouldn’t be seen by possible employers, then you had better not post them.

3

Health surgeon chemist

Film

Sport

producer director

coach gymnast

Media reporter journalist

Music pianist composer

Possible Additional Answers nurse actor doctor actress paediatrician make-up artist dentist

footballer commentator bassist agent photographer guitarist therapist cameraman drummer

Phrasal Verbs

4 1. e (formally establish a new company or

organisation) 2. f (show someone to be different and better than others) 3. b (decide to delay an event or activity) 4. d (state an idea or suggest a plan) 5. c (employ someone) 6. a (spend time away from your work)

(page 85)

5 1. 1.

a, 2. b 2. 1. b, 2. a

1. When using Google Helpouts, the teacher and the student can see each other. 2. Owen compares the Google Helpouts profile to a résumé of your skills. 3. On the Google Helpouts profile, you write about your qualifications and experience as well as the times you’ll be available. 4. Owen has decided to charge some money for his lessons. 5. Right now, Owen is using Google Helpouts to learn how to write CVs and get tips for job interviews.

3. 1. a, 2. b 4. 1. b, 2. a

1. True 2. False. He uses guitar lessons as an example of how impractical YouTube lessons can be. 3. False. Your profile will appear on the Google Helpouts site if it meets their requirements. 4. True 5. False. The guy who is helping Owen doesn’t charge for his advice.

(page 86) GRAMMAR RELATIVE CLAUSES 1. 1. who / that 4. when 2. which / that 5. where 3. whose 2. Non-defining Relative Clauses Teenagers like you, whose work experience is probably limited, can still write a résumé. Use websites like monster.com, where there are instructions on résumé writing. Your future employer, who has to read many résumés, will only consider candidates ... In defining relative clauses, the relative clause is absolutely necessary to identify the antecedent (the noun modified by the relative clause). Without the defining relative clause, it is impossible to know who or what the antecedent refers to.

1 1. Albert Einstein, who was a famous scientist, also

played the violin brilliantly. 2. In 1937, the famous woman pilot, Amelia Earhart, set out on a flight which / that would be her last. 3. The ship’s captain, Ahab, wanted to find a whale whose name was Moby Dick. 4. As a young man, Gaudí moved to Barcelona, where he studied to be an architect. 5. Ian Fleming’s first novel, which was published in 1953, was about a spy called James Bond.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

6. Many Beatles fans will always remember 1980, the year when John Lennon, the famous musician, was murdered. The relative pronoun when can be omitted in sentence 6 because (1) it is part of a defining relative clause and (2) the relative pronoun is not the subject of the relative clause.

2

02|21

1. where 2. which 3. when 4. which / that

5. who / that 6. which / that 7. whose 8. who / that

FORMAL AND INFORMAL STRUCTURES 1. In the formal structure the preposition appears before the relative pronoun, whereas in the informal structure the preposition appears after the verb of the relative clause. 2. In the informal structure it is possible to omit the relative pronoun (because it is a defining relative clause and the relative pronoun is not the subject of the relative clause). 3. In Spanish the informal structure cannot be used.

6 1. The person to whom I was talking is a famous

actor. The person I was talking to is a famous actor. 2. The interview to which I went was long. The interview I went to was long. 3. The job for which I applied was challenging. The job I applied for was challenging. 4. I looked into the problem about which you complained. I looked into the problem you complained about. 5. She is the excellent lecturer with whom I would like to study. She is the excellent lecturer I would like to study with.

(page 87)

3 1. c. There are many new professions which / that

have been created as a result of smartphone technology. 2. e. One of the newest jobs is an app developer, whose job is to create mobile-phone applications. 3. b. People use many types of apps which / that they download onto their mobile phones. 4. d. Over 40 billion apps have been downloaded since 2007, when the iPhone was introduced. 5. f. Many app developers are people who / that have a degree in computer science. 6. a. Today there are companies where app developers work together to create new apps.

Grammar Challenge 1. Friday is the day when we have a team meeting. 2. This is the city where Justin Timberlake performed. 3. Owen, who runs a scrap metal business, makes a lot of money. 4. This is the best possible candidate who we could choose. 5. I didn’t get the job for which I applied.

4 1. There had been a murder in the village of

Manderly, which was usually a quiet place. 2. The detective who / that had been investigating the crime had not yet found a suspect. 3. Then, early one morning, when the police had almost given up hope, an anonymous caller telephoned the station. 4. The caller told the police to go to a flat which / that was on the first floor of a building at 5 Brent Street. 5. The caller said, “When you go in, you will see a group of people who / that are playing poker.” 6. The murderer, whose name is John, is one of them. 7. The police went to the flat, where they found a carpenter, an engineer, a lorry driver, a mechanic and a fireman. The fireman was the only man in the room. All the other people were women.

(page 88) COMMUNICATION A Job Interview

1 1. Sales Assistant at James Lord Clothing. 2. Activity Team Leader (during summer months) and Activity Instructor (only at weekends) 3. Activity Team Leader, Lifeguard and Activity Instructor. 4. Trainee Hairdresser at Jay’s Hairdresser. 5. Lifeguard at Finsbury Sports Centre (Tuesdays and Saturdays) and Activity Instructor at Peak Wall Climbing (only weekends).

5 Possible Answers 2. It’s very hot in July, which is the month I was born in. 3. Jason, who is my best friend, always helps me. 4. I’ll never forget the school that I’ve attended since I was a child. 5. This season of Game of Thrones, which is my favourite television programme, was filmed in Spain. 6. I’ve always admired people who help out other people. 7. I’d like to work in Brazil, where there are great job opportunities for young people.



trends Possible Answers You will be more comfortable and relaxed at home so the whole interview will be more natural.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

Student A: As an Italian national, I’ve got a European Union passport. I’m also fluent in English and German. Student B: That’s fine. What are your strengths? Student A: I’ve got excellent people skills. I’m able to work under pressure and I’m a fast learner. Student B: Great. We like employees who can pick up skills quickly. Could you supply us with references? Student A: Absolutely. I’ve got a letter from my previous employer right here. Student B: That’s fine. You certainly seem right for the job. Have you got any questions you’d like to ask us? Student A: Yes, please. Will I get on-the-job training? Student B: Definitely. You’ll be taught by one of our staff. Good. We’ll be in touch soon. Student A: Thanks. I look forward to hearing from you.

LISTENING

2  02|22 1. c

2. d

3. a

3 For the last year she has been in the school swimming team.

(page 89) speaking

4 Possible Answers

Questions asked by an employer What are your strengths? What are your weaknesses? Why should we hire you? What do you know about our company? What can you do for us that other candidates can’t? Where would you like to be in your career five years from now? Are you willing to relocate? List five words that describe your character. What are the qualities of a great leader? Questions asked by a candidate What would you expect from me this month, in three months and in a year? How does this company measure success? What are the additional important skills that I will need to do this job well? Who would my colleagues be? What is your favourite part about working here? Could I have a tour? Could I meet some people I’d be working with? Do you see any reason why I might not be a good fit for this position?

(page 90) WRITING A Formal E-Mail

1 1. 20/10/2014 2. Ms Kriel 3. I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. 4. I have been playing console games since I was five years old. (paragraph 2) I designed a computer game for a school project … the computer game I designed won first prize in a national contest. (paragraph 2) My English is fluent. (paragraph 3) I’m self-motivated and I am good at working with other people. (paragraph 3) I am a fast learner and am interested in a career in games design. (paragraph 3) 5. I am writing in order to apply for the position of Console Games Tester. (paragraph 1) 6. Console Games Testers Position 7. Miranda Sellers 22 Romilly Road Finsbury Park N4 2QX Mobile: 536-701-8264 E-mail: [email protected]

5 1. Why do you think you’d be good at this job? 2. I’ve got excellent … skills. 3. Have you got previous experience? 4. Could you supply us with references? 5. Have you got any questions you’d like to ask us? 6. Will I get on-the-job training? 7. May I ask what the starting salary will be? 8. I look forward to hearing from you.



Speaking Strategy I’ve got excellent communication skills. I’m good at working under pressure. I’m a fast learner.

Task

2 Miranda is an excellent candidate because she has

got experience with the latest games technology. She even won a prize in a national contest. Besides, she’s good at working with other people.



Possible Answer Student A: Hello, Mr Smith. Pleased to meet you. Student B: Thank you for coming. What do you know about Malard Tours? Student A: I know it is a company offering organised tours in many destinations. Student B: You’re right. Why do you think you’d be good at this job as a customer service representative?

trends In a formal letter we used to include the recipient’s details (full name, position, company name, address) but we needn’t include this information in a formal e-mail. The sender’s address used to appear in the top right corner of the formal letter whereas in a formal e-mail it appears at the end of the e-mail.

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Student' s BOOK answer key

(page 91)

5 1. that

Formal Language



I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.

3 2, 6, 8

6 1. Since 2. so as not to 3. Nevertheless

4 1. as (paragraph 2) 2. consequently (paragraph 2) 3. in addition (paragraph 2) 4. even though (paragraph 3) 5. in order to (paragraph 1) 6. finally (paragraph 2)

extra LITERATURE The Standard of Living

of my previous work experience. 2. I have never worked with young children before. However, I have taught teenagers. 3. My current employer says that besides being dependable, I am hard-working and selfmotivated. 4. Once I have finished school, I will be able to work full-time.

6 1. Although the position is challenging, I feel

confident I will succeed. 2. As a result of organising several charity events, / the several charity events that I have organised for our school, I feel I have developed good organisational skills. 3. I worked during the summer in order to get work experience. 4. I worked hard. For this reason, I was promoted. 5. I have a degree in chemistry. Moreover, I speak three languages.

(page 92)

2 1. They are working-class girls who dream of having

a better life. This is important because they are unhappy with their own lives and the things they have. 2. They would like to have a better life in which they could spend a lot of money. But even if they had more money, they might not be happy at all because they may always want to have more and more. 3. Because it was an expensive shop and they knew they didn’t really have enough money to buy anything there. Besides, they didn’t know how they would be treated by the sales assistant. 4. Because when they were told how expensive the pearls were, they realised they would never be able to afford such an expensive necklace, not even in their dreams. 5. They changed the game because in their imaginary world a million dollars was not enough to afford the necklace, so they changed the rules to 10 million dollars so that they could imagine they could afford to buy more expensive things.

3 Possible Answer

Think BACK Vocabulary 3. h 4. c

4. Furthermore 5. As a result of 6. After

(page 93)

5 1. I believe I am well-suited to this position because

2. i

5. will 6. is 7. can 8. who

WRITING SKILLS

WRITING SKILLS REVIEW

1 1. d

2. wouldn’t 3. hadn’t 4. been

5. f 6. e

7. j 8. a

9. b 10. g

Annabel and Midge can be described as superficial and materialistic because they are only concerned about appearance and possessions. They can also be described as dishonest, as they try to give the impression that they’ve got money.

2 1. hire / promote / support 2. self-motivated / reliable / hard-working 3. criticised / punished / fined 4. harm / distress / damage

3 1. in 2. out 3. down 4. up

5. in 6. up 7. up

8. down 9. out 10. up

Grammar

4 1. where

5. must 2. will have found 6. were 3. whose 7. done 4. had not been waiting

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