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©2018 Aucerna. All rights reserved Value Navigator®, Val Nav®, AFE Navigator®, AFE Nav® are trademarks of 3ES Innovations Inc.

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

Client Care Phone (8:00 am–5:00 pm Mountain Time, Monday to Friday) ............. (403) 770-6070 Client Care Email ............................................................................... [email protected] General Email ..................................................................................................... [email protected] Website ............................................................................................................. www.Aucerna.com/ Training Videos ........................................................................ www.energynavigator.com/clients/

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

In this notice, the term “Customer” includes its employees, agents and representatives, Associate(s) has the meaning given in the business corporations act pertaining to your jurisdiction, as amended from time to time. For the purposes of this Notice, the term “Software” includes all viewable, written and printable documentation pertaining to Value Navigator® and any other product sold by Aucerna. all proprietary information supplied by Aucerna, new releases or versions of the Software, and all modifications and updates to the Software. In providing the Customer with the following documentation, Aucerna expects the Customer to abide by the following Sections:

The Customer hereby acknowledges that the Software and all patent rights, trademark rights, service mark rights, copyrights, and any other intellectual property rights relating thereto are and shall at all times remain the exclusive and valuable property of Aucerna, embody substantial creative efforts and trade secrets, confidential information, ideas and expressions which are proprietary trade secrets of Aucerna, and are furnished and disclosed, whether verbal or written, by Aucerna to the Customer on a strictly confidential basis under their relationship of utmost confidence and trust.

Except as otherwise provided in this Notice, the Customer will not disclose the Software or any part thereof including any flow charts, logic diagrams, user manuals or screen shots, licensed hereunder in any form to any third party without the prior written consent of Aucerna. The Customer will take all reasonable steps to protect and safeguard the Software from unauthorized use or disclosure and to assure that no person authorized to have access to any of them will take any action with respect thereto which is prohibited herein.

The Customer will promptly report to Aucerna the occurrence of any prohibited action with respect to the Software of which the Customer becomes aware.

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

Contact Information

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Confidentiality Notice Acknowledgement of Confidential Information Non-Disclosure of Confidential Information Notice of Actions

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Project Setup Folder Hierarchies Project Options General Company Logo Report Titles and Report Headers & Footers Economics Economics > Royalties and Taxes Reserves External Project Data SI/IMP Conversion Factors User Options General File Locations Fit Settings Fit Settings > Product Specific Units Connection Settings Import Parameters External Data Settings External Data Settings > Data Sources Common Reserves Category Inherited Values Override Inherited Values Restore Inherited Values

1 1 2 3 4 4 5 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 13 13 13 15 15 15 16 16 18

Multiple Forecasts on Wells Decline Workspace Components of the Workspace Tab

19 19 19

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January 2019

Editing Options on the Workspace Tab

20

Plans Creating a New Stand-alone Plan Merging Plans Calculated Plans

22 23 24 25

Selecting Source Wells for a Type Well or Cross Plot Profile Filtering to Analogous Wells Selecting wells from the Entity Explorer Flagging Filtering to a Well List Using Criteria to Select Wells

26 26 26 26 27 27

Creating a Type Well Type Well View Manipulating the Type Well Removing or Adding source wells to an existing Type Well Temporarily remove a source well from a Type Well Include a previously excluded source well in a Type Well Permanently remove a source well from a Type Well Add a well to an existing type well Creating a well from a type well Drawing a Forecast Profile Creating a new well from a Type Well

29 31 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 37

Validation of the Well Set with Probability Analysis using Cross Plot Profiles Cross Plot Options Distribution Tab Frequency Tab Probability Tab

39 39 41 42 42

Economic Evaluation of the New Well Economics | General Economics | Interest & Royalty Economics | Prices & Costs Prices Capital Costs Operating Costs

43 43 44 47 47 47 49

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January 2019

Liquids Recovery Predictions | Data | Plant Economic Reports on the Reports Tab

52 52 53

Creating a Development Program from a Seed Well Seed Well Bulk Well Generator Definition Tab Timetable Tab Moving Wells within the Generator Adjusting the Generator Updating a Bulk Well Generator

54 54 54 55 55 58 59 60

Creating a Development Schedule Deleting the Bulk Well Generator Entity Creating a new Schedule Displaying a Constraint in the Schedule Graph Adding Producing Wells to a Schedule

61 61 61 63 64

Scenarios in Batch Manager Selecting Data to Run in Batch Manager Creating and Running a Scenario Running a scenario from the Reports tab Running a scenario from the Batch Manager

65 65 69 70 70

Appendix A About Type Wells Well Cut-off Point Gap Wells and Shut In wells

74 74 74 75

Appendix B Special Fitting Methods

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Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

The Entity Explorer facilitates selection of appropriate entities and sets of entities. All data imports, including imports from public data sources and imports of organization-specific information are performed by an administrator. The administrator can then define the fields to use as folders in the Entity Explorer. Users can create Custom hierarchies for organizing entities in a project. Once a hierarchy has been created, it can be selected from the Hierarchy selector at the top of the Entity Explorer. The project database may contain several types of information for use to organize the folders: • • •

General well information such as Field, Pool, Operator, Licensee, etc., from public data sources Organization-specific custom fields such as Business Unit, District and Area which are used to restrict access for users Custom user-defined fields containing organization-specific information

Custom Fields may not be the same in all projects, so a hierarchy based on custom fields may work only in the project in which it was created. To create an entity hierarchy

1. From the View menu, select Entity Hierarchy > Edit Hierarchies. 2. Click Add Hierarchy to create a new hierarchy or Copy to copy an existing hierarchy. a. Val Nav suggests that new hierarchies are always created, rather than modifying the Default hierarchy. The unmodified Default hierarchy provides access to an

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

3. 4.

5. 6.

7.

8.

unformatted list of wells. If wells are transferred to new projects, and hierarchies are included in the transfer, the Default hierarchy in the destination project will be overwritten by any changes made to the Default hierarchy exported from the source project. Edit the Name field to something meaningful. Move fields from the Available Fields window to the Hierarchy window. a. Only Custom fields identified as a text data type can be used in hierarchies. If there are custom text fields in your project, they will be visible in the Available Fields window. Hierarchy levels can be moved up and down using the Move Up and Move Down buttons. Enable Project Hierarchy to save the hierarchy with the project so that all users who open this project can use this hierarchy. Disable Project Hierarchy to save the hierarchy as a User Hierarchy so it is available in all future projects created by the user. a. Only hierarchies identified as Project hierarchies will be exported when exporting well data from a Val Nav project. If you want to use the hierarchy immediately, click Make Active to apply the new hierarchy to your project. a. Once a hierarchy has been created, it can be selected from the Hierarchy selector at the top of the Entity Explorer. Click OK to save changes and close the Hierarchy Editor.

The project options are key to the evaluation of individual entities, groups of entities and to the project as a whole. Project Configuration includes: • • •

Specification of contents for Report Titles, Headers and Footers Setting project-level default parameters Defining the parameters for the economic evaluation of entities and the company

You can access Project Options during a data import by clicking the Edit button on the Import dialog, or from Tools > Options within a project. Project Options are specific to a project and can only be changed by an administrator. Project settings can be exported to a *.xml or *.ValNavProjectOptions file and then imported into any other project database, or used in the Default project data file User Option to set default project options for all new projects.

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January 2019

General

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General project options -

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Edit the Company Name that will be displayed at the top hierarchy level and on all reports. The System scenario name can be edited or left with the default name. The system scenario runs with the default project settings. Default scenario allows you to select a scenario that you have created to use as a default when running reports. Select a default Project currency to use in economic calculations. A Project Label is displayed on the Val Nav title bar and can be used to provide a brief description of your project. The default BOE ratio for the project can be altered, if required. CO2 threshold is the maximum CO2% value allowed in gas streams before CO2 is automatically removed. CO2 Allowable is the maximum CO2% value allowed in gas streams after processing. Maximum technical life (Dec 31) allows you to run technical reports past the Maximum Economic Life (Dec 31) setting in Project Options > Economics.

Use overlapping production history instead of forecast determines whether production history or forecast data will be used in calculations when there is forecast data overriding historical production. General default well options are applied when you create a new well

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January 2019

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Select a default Country and State/Province to apply when you create a new well that has no location information. The location of the well determines which regime to use to generate economics. A Default surface loss can be entered to apply to all new wells. Changing this value will not re-set the loss factor for existing wells.

Company Logo • •

Select an image file that contains your Company logo. Images are automatically resized, if required. Use Logo position to determine the placement of the selected logo on your reports.

Report Titles and Report Headers & Footers

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Customize Reporting options such as report titles and headers and footers using fields in the database, or by typing directly in one of the grid lines. Data entered directly into a grid line is not dynamic and will appear on all reports.

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January 2019

Economics Economic parameters define how reserves estimates will be evaluated.

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Reference Date is the effective date from which remaining reserves are calculated and is the default date for reports and reserves forecasts to begin. Only capital spent after this date will be included in the cash flow. NPV values are calculated to the Reference Date. Economic Calculation Start Date is the date from which economics are calculated. Changing this date may require manual updating of interest reversion balances, royalty incentive balances and delayed abandonment/salvage amounts. It is recommended that you do not move the Economic Calculation Start Date and use the Balance Effective Dates instead for reversions and incentives, and change the inflation in your price deck to the current year. The Economic Calculation Start Date and the Reference Date are the same by default, but you can set the Economic Calculation Start Date before the Reference Date. The Economic Calculation Start Date cannot be set later than the last posted date in a posted database. Last year for monthly output is the last year for which monthly results values will be stored. All subsequent data will be available as annual data. All results are calculated monthly; it is only the storage of the results data that is impacted by this option. When a well terminates during a yearly forecast, the fraction of the year and the calendar rate for the fraction are calculated. Change this date to see more monthly data on the economic detail reports. To generate reports with all annual data, set this option to the year prior to the reference date, and set the month of the Reference Date to January.

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

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Maximum economic life (Dec 31) sets the end date for economics to December 31 of the entered year. Economic reports will run to this date or the economic limit, whichever is reached first. Although Val Nav can predict up to 200 years, this value is usually set to no more than 50 or 60 years from the reference date as SEC reporting will not allow volumes that will be produced more than 50 years out to be classified as reserves. Enable Abandonment Capital provides the option to enter floating abandonment costs on the Economics | General tab. Enable Salvage Capital provides the option to enter floating salvage capital on the Economics | General tab. Enable Apply variable op costs to raw gas volumes to apply variable op costs to Raw gas volumes. Disable to apply variable op costs to Sales gas volumes. Enable Report negative product revenue as operating costs to report negative revenue resulting from a net negative product price as an operating cost. Disable this option to report as negative sales revenue. Discounting Settings -

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Economic Limit settings -

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Select Discount mid-month to maintain mid-month discounting Select Discount mid-period to discount based on whether your data is currently being displayed monthly or annually, as determined by the Last year for monthly output Discount Rates are the discount rates used to calculate the present value (PV) of the cash flow. Any report showing a single PV will display the middle value of the discounting rates, which is the base discount rate for your project. Those predefined report formats showing 3 discount rates will report the middle 3 rates. Discount Rates are calculated from the Reference Date. Select Enable Economic Limit to terminate the evaluation period when the economic limit for each well is reached and display the Apply Economic Limit checkbox on the Economics | General tab. Unselect Enable Economic Limit to evaluate the entire project to the technical limit, the final production rate as set in the forecast, without applying an economic limit. Select a Calculation type and Discounting value to define the economic limit based on Net Operating Income or Before Tax Cash Flow. When the selected Calculation type becomes negative and does not subsequently become positive, the entity will be considered to have reached the economic limit. Enable Allow negative wedge results to apply the current economic limit options to the wedge calculation to determine if the wedge is considered uneconomic, allowing negative results. Disable to ignore uneconomic wedge calculations and set the wedge result to 0.

Capital Actuals control how economics are run when you are using a combination of forecasted and actual cost values

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January 2019

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Run economics on forecast only will run economics using only forecasted values (white column). Run economics on blended costs will run economics using actual values (green column) until the actuals end, then will continue from that point using forecasted values.

Economics > Royalties and Taxes

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Select Enable tax pools to include tax pools in the economic evaluation of the company. The company level of the entity hierarchy must be selected for use of tax pools. Use Book Tax (Standalone Tax) on corporate level only. The deductible amount is limited to the project’s or entity’s available write-off. Book Tax limits the tax deductions allowed in any year to be less than or equal to the taxable income. Therefore, Book Tax does not allow the tax payable to be less than zero. Any available tax deduction exceeding the taxable income in a given year is carried forward to the next year. If applied at company level, Book Tax is applied only when running corporate-level economics. If applied at all levels, book tax is calculated at the company level, as well as each folder level and entity-level. Use book tax (standalone) on all levels. Use current tax. The full amount of the project’s or entity’s available tax deduction is used, regardless of the amount of taxable income. This can result in a negative tax if the deductions exceed the taxable income. The Current Tax approach allows negative tax based on the assumption that this will be offset by other entities within the corporation which have a positive tax payable in the same time period. Canadian tax settings -

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Select Enable Sask. Capital Surcharge to apply the Saskatchewan capital surcharge.

US company type -

Independent: Results in a two-year G & G depreciation and immediate IDC write-off. Minor integrated: Results in two-year G & G depreciation and a 70% IDC write-off with the other 30% being depreciated over 5 years using the half-year rule. Major integrated: Results in five-year G & G depreciation and a 70% IDC write-off with the other 30% being depreciated over 5 years using the half-year rule.

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January 2019

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Enable Ignore the Economic Calculation Start Date and start tax calculation at the Reference Date to start tax calculations at the Reference Date.

Reserves Automated reserves reconciliation (ARR), which is designed to simplify reconciliations by eliminating the need to manually create a change record each time you modify an entity. With ARR enabled, Val Nav detects the changes you made and creates the required change records when you click Reconcile (Review > Change Records or Review > Waterfall). Automated reserves reconciliation is enabled by default in any project created in Val Nav 2018 (you can still create change records manually using the Balance button). However, ARR is not enabled by default in any project upgraded to Val Nav 2018 or later. For upgraded projects, you must enable ARR manually in Project Options. You can only enable ARR on upgraded projects with data in the Accepted plan.

External Project Data • •

Link to or create an xml file that contains default global data in a single source for easier maintenance and consistent project data. Project data settings from one database can be exported to a file, which can be imported into a second database.

SI/IMP Conversion Factors •

Default Metric/Imperial conversion factors used by Val Nav. By default, the conversion factors are the International standard conversion factors but can be modified to accommodate the use of differing conditions of pressure and temperature in different parts of the world.

User Options are user-specific global settings that control the auto-forecasting functions and affect only the current user’s work environment. User Options can be accessed during a data import by clicking the Edit button on the Import dialog, or from Tools > Options > User Options within an open project.

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January 2019

General

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Reserves category display during entity selection determines which reserves category to display when you select an entity. -

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Keep current reserves category stays on the currently selected reserves category when moving from one entity to another. Select first reserves category with data selects the first reserves category that has data when moving from one entity to another.

Play delay sets the amount of time Val Nav will remain on each entity when using the Auto-play feature. Enable Use Sparse Reporting Logic to prevent reports that return no data from being displayed in Batch Manager. Set the default Decline display settings for the Predictions tab to display and report nominal (instantaneous) versus effective decline rates. Select either secant or tangent for effective decline rates. Click Reset Suppressed Warnings to enable warnings that were previously turned off.

File Locations

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Report and Graph Definitions sets the location of custom report and graph files and stores views created in Data View. The folder selected will contain three sub folders Reports, Graphs and Views - into which your custom reports, graphs and views will be placed. The Shared files directory allows reports, graphs and views to be accessed by multiple users by using the same path to the shared folder. Project Default Directories sets the location for your saved project files.

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January 2019

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Data Directory stores files that you can import into Val Nav and is the first location Val Nav will open when selecting Create From Import in the Project Launcher. Project Directory is where databases are stored (*.vndb files) and the location Val Nav will open first when selecting Browse or Create New Project in the Project Launcher. The default location for both is My Documents. Subfolders can be created within the file locations selected to further organize your Val Nav data files.

Default project data file allows you to select a ValNavProjectOptions file or an xml file that contains default project settings that will be applied to each Val Nav database you create, to ensure projects have consistently configured Project Options and/or project data. This file can be created in Project Options > External Project Data. The settings are only applied to projects you create after specifying the file.

Fit Settings A Val Nav Auto Forecast is created with an iterative selection of points to identify all possible decline trends within the date range specified in User Options. The best exponent (N) and the best decline rate (Di) to match the selection of production history are calculated. Based on factors applied to the number of Points, to the Recency of the data and the Error of the trend curve data points in comparison to the actual data points, the best of these trends is determined. Auto-forecast parameters are applied on import only. To update existing wells when Autoforecast settings are changed, select the top folder level in your Entity Explorer, then select Best fit from the Predictions menu.

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Inclining or shallow decline transition (Oil & Gas) limits the length of inclining or very shallow declines. If the auto-fit routine detects an inclining or shallow declining trend at the end of production, then the forecast will begin with an inclining segment, or a very shallow declining segment. -

Minimum decline (nominal slope) is used to determine whether the most recent production produces a trend with a shallow decline, which will then be treated in a similar manner to an incline and maintained for a specified period of time before

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January 2019

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Date range for fitting determines how much production history will be used by Val Nav to create the auto forecast. -

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switching to another decline rate. Any decline rate below this minimum rate is considered ‘shallow’. Incline period duration determines the length of time to maintain an incline or shallow decline. When the most recent production data shows an inclining or shallow decline, the period of that incline/shallow decline is determined. The user can choose to have this trend continued for a period of time equivalent to a percentage of the trend. Flat period duration determines the length of the flat period for an incline. Once the incline period duration is complete for the first segment, a flat segment is then created and maintained for the flat period duration. In the case of a shallow decline, the shallow decline is maintained for this extended period of time (so, rather than creating a flat segment, the shallow decline is maintained for the total of these two durations). At the end of the Flat Period, an exponential segment is created to bring the incline or shallow decline to an end.

All data: Val Nav automatically determines how much production history is needed to calculate a decline for each well. Recent: The number of months of recent production history to use to create the auto-forecast. Start of current fit to end of history: This option assumes that the entity has an existing production forecast. The fit is based on data from the beginning of the current fit to the end of production history. Fit decline trends within the date range: Enable to have declines search for trends within the date range. Disable to have declines fit the entire date range.

Enable Only show the backfit on graphs when there is no auto fit source to show the production forecast curve extrapolated back through history only when a user forecast is created. Disable to always show the backfit, including when an Auto Forecast is present.

Fit Settings > Product Specific In the creation of an auto forecast, the user can determine for each product, Oil, Gas, Water, Condensate, O+W (Oil + Water), and 1+WOR (the inverse of oil cut), which of the decline types will be considered and the range within which the hyperbolic exponent must fall before it can be selected as the best fit for the auto forecast. Different parameters can be selected for each product in each of the three Reserves Classes (Proved, Probable and Possible). In generating an auto forecast, Val Nav determines the best points to use to create the best exponential, harmonic and hyperbolic decline curves. In generating the best hyperbolic, the best exponent is also determined. The best exponent for the hyperbolic is not limited to the range set in the Min and Max exponents (N). The best hyperbolic is not the best hyperbolic with an exponent within the specified range, but rather the best hyperbolic exponent possible.

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January 2019

If the best hyperbolic exponent falls outside the specified range the hyperbolic forecast is eliminated. Of those decline types enabled, Val Nav will select the forecast with the best fit. In addition, the user can select a second (Probable) and/or third (Possible) reserves category to be created when an auto-forecast is generated.

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Decline curve types (exponential, harmonic, hyperbolic), reserve classes (Proved, Probable, Possible) and products (Oil, Gas, Water, Cond, 1+WOR, O+W) to be considered for auto-forecasting can be selected/deselected here. -

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O+W (Oil + Water) is a total fluid forecast designed for waterfloods, to model pump capacity, and handle cases where there is a non-constant fluid rate. Create an O+W forecast and an oil OR a water forecast to calculate all fluids. 1+WOR is the inverse of oil cut and can also be used to forecast oil production based on total fluid production

The Min and Max exponents (N) set the range to be considered for the beginning of the Hyperbolic trend. Setting the min and max range to the same value will create a forecast with a predefined exponent. Minimum Df (%/yr) sets the minimum decline for special fitting methods for unconventional resources and for time-based transitions. Default nominal slope (%/yr), Default exponent (N) and Default max rate (bbl/d) are used as default parameters when creating a forecast on a new well that does not have production history from which to identify a declining trend. These parameter values will also be used in the case where a decline trend cannot be identified. The Technical Termination Rate is used to terminate the final production forecast segment. Enable Use Exponential Transition to determine when hyperbolic or harmonic declines transition to an exponential decline.

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January 2019

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When the harmonic/hyperbolic decline reaches the value entered in Fixed decline slope (%/yr), the non-exponential forecast segment will be terminated and an exponential segment created. Counting from the first month of the first forecast segment, Months after start of first declining forecast segment determines when the forecast will transition to an exponential decline if the current segment is non-exponential. Counting from the first month of production history, Months after start of history determines when the forecast will transition to an exponential decline if the current segment is non-exponential.

Units •

The default values for Rate, Slope, Volume and Cumulative for each product (standard and custom products) can be set here. The values will apply to graphs and data grids where the product is used. Values for both Imperial and Metric (SI) units can be configured.

Connection Settings •

Settings for Oracle and SQL Server connections. Contact your administrator for assistance with these settings.

Import Parameters The import parameters that the administrator has set when importing new production data are applied to the Working reserves copy.

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General -

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Enable Import latitude/longitude to populate entities with latitude and longitude values from the data source. Disable to maintain existing latitude and longitude values. These coordinates are used for locating entities on the Map view. Enable Recalculate depths for groups on import to have Val Nav recalculate the GCI, measured, and/or true vertical depths on groups when importing new production

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

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Forecast Options : Current Month -

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for the child wells. Disable to maintain the current depth values on groups when importing new production. Enable Set “Use” flag for new gas analyses on import to have Val Nav set new gas analyses brought in with a production import to active so that they are automatically used in the Master Gas Analysis. Enable Remove production history when absent from data source or file import to have Val Nav remove any production history not included in your current import. Current Month is the month to which your production is current. It corresponds to the last month of production from the most recent production update. Max shut-in months determines if a well is shut in. If the number of months between the last production date and the Current Month exceeds the number entered in Max Shut-In months, the wells are considered shut in. Shut-in wells will not be auto-forecasted, do not receive an economic case when economics are run, and will not receive data copied to them from the Input Copier. Enable Generate forecast from last production month to forecast all wells in the project from their last month of production. In Western Canada, all well data is current to the same month for any province. In other jurisdictions, such as the United States, this is not the case. Disable this parameter to indicate that forecasts should start from a common start date with a gap between production and forecast for those wells without current production data. Enable this parameter so that forecasts are initiated from the last production date on each individual well. The well’s last month of production must still be within the maximum shut-in months range. Enabling this option is recommended when a project contains U.S. wells, where there is a significant difference between each well’s last month of production.

Forecast Options : Forecasts -

Enable Generate auto-forecast on import to have Val Nav create auto-forecasts. Disable this option to turn off the auto-forecasting function. An auto-forecast is only created the first-time production is imported for an entity. If a forecast already exists, Val Nav does not re-forecast the well, just adjusts the start dates for any existing forecasts, sliding them down the existing curve or leaving them where they are. Enable Set start of forecast on import to move the start of all forecasts in the Working copy to the end of the last month of the production being imported. This will revise the remaining reserves and the estimated ultimate recoverable reserves if production data is now included in the value from the reference date forward. Disable this option to leave the start of all forecasts in their current position and append new production history to the tables. The new production history and the current forecast will overlap, and you will be viewing the forecast data. To see the new production values, manually move the forecast start date to the last production month. To recalculate the forecast, use Best Fit from the Predictions menu.

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January 2019

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Enable Recalculate constant on-time on import to recalculate On-time based on the most recent six months of new production history being appended. Disable this option to keep the current On-time of the wells in the project. Enable Recalculate ratios on import to recalculate ratios based on the most recent six months of the new production history being appended. Disable this option to keep the current ratios.

External Data Settings •

Default options for updating production using a Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) data source.

External Data Settings > Data Sources •

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Select a Profile (Val Nav only supports the PPDM 3.7 data model) and specify the Connection path to the *.vnudl file to perform production updates directly from the provider’s data hub. This connection is set up between your company and the preferred data provider. Contact your administrator for assistance with these settings. For proprietary corporate data warehouses, edit the table information by clicking the Advanced button.

Use the Common Reserves Category to enter entity-level economic data, such as prices, interests, operating costs, liquid ratios and gas analyses, that will be shared by all reserves categories for a particular well. The reserves categories that have inputs in the current entity will inherit common data, but can be overridden on each reserves category to allow a change in values from the common values for that specific reserves category. It is not necessary to have the Common reserves category selected when making changes. As long as the values being entered are shared values and not overrides to a specific reserves category, the changed values will be applied to Common, regardless which reserves category is actually selected.

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January 2019

Only the following tabs contain values that can be inherited from the Common reserves category: • •

Economics: General, Interests & Royalties, Prices & Costs (and all subtabs) Predictions: P/Z, Volumetrics, Data | Plant

Inherited Values The Information Bar at the top of tabs that have inputs (Predictions and Economics), indicates the source of inputs on the currently selected reserves category and the outcome of actions performed. It is not necessary to have the Common reserves category selected when making changes. As long as the values being entered are shared values and not overrides to a specific reserves category, the changed values will be applied to Common, regardless which reserves category is actually selected. The source plan and reserves category are indicated in bold text and the color of the information bar indicates the result of input values: •

Yellow – any edits done on this tab will be made to the Common category and those changes will flow to any reserve category or plan that inherits data from Common.

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Green – any edits on this tab will be made to the currently selected reserves category only. The information bar on the Common Reserves Category is always green.

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Grey – indicates that the user is looking at a plan other than the source plan.

There are 4 options on the Information Bar: • • • •

Override – breaks the link to the source to allow changes to be applied to the current reserves category and/or plan. Reset – resets the inputs to use the Common reserves category. If the Common reserves category itself is selected, this deletes the existing values. Edit Source – allows edits to the source Plan. Information - displays a complete map of plans and reserves categories dependent on the data source.

Override Inherited Values You have the option to override any inherited value for an entity when editing one of these tabs or subtabs: • •

Economics: General, Interests & Royalties, Prices & Costs (and all subtabs) Predictions: P/Z, Volumetrics, Data | Plant

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January 2019

This allows you to enter a value that will be applied only to the selected reserves category. The inherited values from the Common reserve category will be visible and you can then select any value to change for the specific reserves category selected. To override the inherited value from the Common reserves category 1. On the entity, select the reserves category where you would like to override a Common value, using either the drop-down or the radio buttons.

2. On the entity, select the tab to modify.

3. Click Override to change the Information Bar to green and the input mode to the selected reserves category. This Override will affect only the current tab in the selected reserves category. Note that the Override button is now a Reset button. 4. All values that were present on the Common reserves category are copied to the overridden reserves category. These values will no longer change if the Common reserves category values are modified. Change the required value(s) that is to be applied

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only to the selected reserves category.

Restore Inherited Values Click Reset on the Information Bar to return to the Common reserves category inherited values.

A warning will be displayed notifying you that the values entered will be removed to return to the inherited values. Click OK to return to the Common Reserves Category values.

The information bar will once again be yellow, and the source input reserves category will be displayed in the information bar.

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The Decline Workspace feature can be found on the Predictions | Workspace tab. The Decline Workspace feature allows for the creation of multiple forecasts on a single entity. All created forecasts can be displayed simultaneously within this tab. Having analyzed all of the forecasts, you can then select one of the forecasts to be active on the entity for a reserves category and plan. When you create a decline in Predictions | Workspace, it is not automatically applied to a plan or reserves category and only resides on Predictions | Workspace. To make a forecast active it must be Applied to a plan and reserves category. When you apply a forecast to a plan and reserves category, a copy of the forecast replaces the currently active forecast, retaining the name that was assigned when it was created. There is an option to create a copy of the existing forecast before overwriting it. The active forecast is displayed on the Declines tab and is used in economic calculations. The original forecast is still displayed on Predictions | Workspace, but its text is not bold and the plan column is not populated. You can apply forecasts created on the Workspace tab to multiple plans and reserves categories, which always creates a copy as described above. If the entity has no previously created additional forecasts within the Decline Workspace, then the single existing forecast will be displayed.

1. At the top of the workspace tab, you can select a. which declines to display

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b. which products to display c. which reserves categories to display 2. You cannot select different graphs to display, but there is limited customizing available with a right click, including changing from Calendar to Producing day rate and Linear to Log scale for X or Y axis. 3. The Editing Toolbar lets you edit an existing forecast or create a new one. 4. The forecast values are displayed at the bottom of the tab (more information when you scroll right). The bold line represents the active forecast for the reserves category and plan.

Editing Options on the Workspace Tab

To edit forecasts on the workspace tab 1. First select the forecast row, below the graphs on the Workspace tab, to activate the Editing Toolbar. 2. Select Edit to modify parameters on the selected decline. 3. Select Add Forecast, or right-click on a graph and select Best Fit to create a new forecast on a new row. See Appendix B at the end of this manual for special fitting behavior (Stretched Exponential, Duong or Power Law Loss Ratio). 4. Copy Forecast will create a copy of the selected forecast in a new row. 5. Delete Forecast will be active only when there is a single row selected. Deleting multiple forecasts on the Workspace tab is not currently supported. An active forecast cannot be deleted. 6. Select a forecast row, then select Apply Forecast to make that forecast the active forecast on the selected Plan and Reserves Category. This forecast will replace any currently existing forecast. Note that there is an option to Create a copy of the target active forecast. If you do not select this option, the forecast being replaced is overwritten by the new forecast—it is not saved. 7. Manage Forecast names lets you create names for forecasts. These names can then be selected in the Name column in the grid. The name you apply to a forecast is specific to that entity. Therefore, you can use the same name for more than one well. Once you have created and labelled forecasts for several wells, you can apply the forecasts with that name to different plans and reserves categories.

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8. When you are viewing data on Predictions | Workspace, you can set the Remaining Gas or Oil for one forecast as the baseline, and view the Remaining Gas or Oil variance from that baseline for all other forecasts. To set a forecast as the baseline, right-click the row and select Set Row as Variance Baseline. This row will be indicated by a blue arrow in the far left column.

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Plans enable you to use each entity in your database for multiple purposes and share the calculation results with other plans. For example, you could use one entity in a reserves plan and a budgeting plan in the same project, or have data from multiple sources that you want to keep separate. By default, four plans are created in any new database; Working, Pending, Accepted and Sandbox. Only Working, Sandbox and custom plans created by users, can be directly edited. Custom Plans look and behave like the reserves plans Working, Pending and Accepted. You can create and modify custom plans in Tools > Global Project Data > Plans. Like reserves plans, custom plans include technical and economic information about entities. The Comparison tab is a convenient place to see the differences between wells in different plans. • • •

• • •

A new Plan can be created as a child Plan, allowing you to inherit inputs from the parent plan, but also enter inputs unique to that plan. Note that if a child plan entity becomes uneconomic, it will fall back to the parent plan’s economic result. A new Plan can be created as a stand-alone Plan, allowing you to enter input unique to that plan. Plans can be merged, allowing you to copy selected input from one Plan to another stand-alone plan for selected entities in the target Plan. Merging is not required when using a child plan, as it inherits the parent plan inputs by default. Plans can be calculated, e.g. the results from one Plan can be subtracted from the results of another Plan. Existing Plans can be deleted or un-linked from within the Plans editor window. Security can be applied to custom plans created by users.

Plans are selected from the Plans list box, directly below the list of wells. To display only wells that have data in the currently selected plan, use the Quick Filter icon to the right of the Hierarchy Selector above the list of wells in the Entity Hierarchy. When this icon is red, it is showing only wells that have data in the selected plan. When this icon is grey, it is showing all wells, regardless of whether they have data in the selected plan or not. Click the icon to toggle between the two views.

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To create a new custom Plan

1. 2. 3. 4.

From the Tools menu, select Global Project Data > Plans. Click Add. Give your new Plan a Name. The default action is to create the new Plan as a child of the currently selected Plan, thus inheriting all of the input from this Plan. To make the new Plan a stand-alone plan, click the drop-down arrow in the Source Plan field and select the blank space above Working.

5. Use the Secure checkbox to control who can enter data on a plan. The corresponding Edit Secure Plan Data policy and the allowable Plans must also be assigned to users who can modify secured plans. Access Security Policies from Administration > Security Settings.

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6. Click OK to create the plan. 7. Note that the selected well has no inputs in the stand-alone plan. i.e. no forecast, no costs, etc. To add data to the stand-alone plan, use Entity > Data Manager to Merge data from another plan. The new stand-alone Plan is not inheriting any inputs from a parent Plan, therefore any editing of an entity in this standalone Plan will not affect data in any other Plan.

Use the Merge Plans feature to merge economic and technical inputs between plans. You can merge plans to perform tasks such as moving a budget plan into a reserves plan. Merging plans will replace data in the destination plan with only the selected data from the source plan for the selected entities. When creating a stand-alone plan, data must be created manually for the new plan, or merged from another plan. To merge Plan data

1. In the Entity Explorer, select the entity for which you want to merge plan data. a. To merge plan data for multiple wells, select the folder that contains the wells. b. If the wells are not already in the same folder, filter to the required wells and select the top folder level in the hierarchy. 2. From the Entity menu, select Data Manager. 3. Select Merge Plans in the Data Manager dialog. 4. Select the Source plan that contains the data to be merged. 5. Select the Destination plan that the data is to be merged into. 6. Select appropriate options

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a. If you have groups in your selection you can copy the plan data to the child wells in your group by selecting the Apply to children of groups option. If you have no groups in your selection, this option will have no effect. b. If you want to move the data to the new plan, rather than copy, you can select Clear merged items form source(s). This action is not reversible. 7. Select the data to copy. Select Economic Items and/or Technical Items to copy all economic and/or technical data, or select specific items to copy. 8. Once all selections have been made, click Merge, then Close or Merge and Close.

Calculated plans enable you to define calculations between plans and view the incremental results in each reserves category. To create a calculated plan

1. 2. 3. 4.

From the Tools menu, select Global Project Data > Plans. Click Add to select the plans to include in your calculation. Provide a name for your plan and an option description of the calculation. Plans can be added by leaving the Factor set to 1 for each plan, or subtracted by setting one factor to -1. 5. Click Add Plans to add more plans to your calculation. 6. Click OK when you have completed the setup for your Calculated plan.

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The first step in creating a Cross Plot or a Type Well is to select and filter to the existing wells that will be used as the source wells. A set of wells in the same pool (or formation) or in the same area and recently brought on production might be used to estimate the reserves and the production for wells in a drilling program. An active filter is indicated by a red All Filters button ( ) on the Standard toolbar. To clear an active filter, click the Clear All Filters button ( ),to the right of the Filter icon. Note that clicking the Clear All Filters button will not remove flags set manually. Click the Clear All Flags button ( ) to remove all flags set manually on all tabs.

Selecting wells from the Entity Explorer You can select a set of individual entities, or an entire folder. To select consecutive entities or folders using your mouse 1. Select the first well or folder in the required set of wells in the Entity Explorer. 2. Hold down the Shift key and select the last well in the set of wells to be selected. To select non-consecutive entities using your mouse •

Hold down the Ctrl key and select each entity or folder in the Entity Explorer in turn until all required entities/folders are highlighted.

To filter to the selected entities, right-click in the Entity Explorer and select Filter to Selection from the menu.

Flagging You can select specific wells, flag the wells, and filter the well list to display only these wells. To flag a single entity, do one of the following 1. Highlight a well in the Entity Explorer and click Flag Current Hierarchy Selection ( ) on the Standard toolbar. 2. Select a well in Data View, then select the check box in the Flagged column (if it is visible), or right-click and select Set Flags from the menu.

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To flag multiple entities, do one of the following 1. In any Data View grid, click and drag to select multiple wells, then right-click the selected area to Set Flags. 2. Select multiple wells in the Entity Hierarchy with your mouse using the Ctrl or Shift keys as explained in Selecting wells from the Entity Explorer, then click the box beside each well in the Flag column, or click Flag Current Hierarchy Selection ( toolbar.

) on the Standard

To toggle the flag filter on and off, click the All Filters button on the Standard toolbar ( select Turn Flag Filter On or Turn Flag Filter Off.

) and

To clear the filter and the flags: 1. Clear the filter with the Clear All Filters icon ( ). 2. Clear the flags with the Clear All Flags icon ( ). 3. Clearing the flags will also clear the filter, but clearing the filter will NOT clear the flags.

Filtering to a Well List You can use an external file with a list of wells to filter the well list. The file extension must be *.csv, *.lst or *.txt and the entity names in the external file must match exactly the UWIs in the Entity Explorer. 1. From the View menu, select Filter to UWI List… 2. Add entities from the Available Items list to the Selected Items list, or click Import in the bottom right corner and browse to the file containing the well list. 3. Click OK to create the filter and make any additional modifications. 4. This filter can be saved for future use by clicking Save or Save As. 5. Click OK on the Filter dialog to filter the wells in the Entity Explorer using the well list.

Using Criteria to Select Wells General well information and custom fields can be used to identify a set of entities to filter to. The Filter dialog allows you to create complex filters and save them for later use. You can access filters by selecting View > Filter Well List or the All Filters button ( Standard toolbar. The selections made depend on the filter you wish to create.

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) on the

To filter to wells using the Filter tool

1. From the View menu or the All Filters button ( ) on the Standard toolbar, select Filter Well List. 2. In the Filter dialog, click Add Filter Item ( ) for each parameter you wish to use to filter the well list. a. Click the selector lists to select the required parameter, operator and value. b. The asterisk symbol (*) is used as a wild card representing any letter. The operator “Like” must be selected in the filter item whenever a wild card is being used. 3. Select Match all of the items (AND) or Match any of the items (OR), whichever is appropriate for your filter. 4. Click Nested Filter ( ) to created nested parameters. 5. Click Save or Save As if you want to save the filter for future use. 6. Click Apply to filter the well list to match the created filter, leaving the Filter dialog open for adjustments. 7. Click OK to filter the well list to match the created filter and close the Filter dialog. 8. Click Clear Active Filter to clear the parameter selections and start building a new filter.

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A Type Well allows one to analyze a group of wells as one entity. A Type Well can be generated directly from a filtered set of analogous wells, or the Cross Plot tab can be used to choose and refine the selection of wells before creating the type well. Type Wells display an averaged representation of the production history for a sample of wells with a forecast based on that history. Val Nav normalizes the start of each well’s production history to time zero and calculates an average of the combined history starting from that date. To create a type well from a set of filtered analogous wells 1. In the Entity Explorer, select the wells, or the folder containing the wells, to use in the type well. 2. Right-click to point to Create as, and select Type Well. 3. In the Create Type Well dialog box, complete the following fields:

a. Name: A name that identifies the Type Well b. Product List : If the wells used to create the type well have oil and gas forecasts, but Gas is selected as the type well product, the oil forecasts are not used. The Auto

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c.

d.

e.

f. g.

h. i.

j.

k. l. m.

setting determines the type well’s product automatically based on the production history of the wells being used. Product: A secondary product can be selected from this list box. This selected product will be used in the type well calculation and the major product profile will be adjusted accordingly. The type well will remain a major product type well, i.e. a Gas, Oil, or Condensate type well. Start Date: The date to which the production history of all wells will be normalized. In PDP cases, the Start Date is equal to the Reference Date by default, but can be changed. When a well is created from a Type Well in a non-PDP reserves category, the Project Start is set to the Type Well’s Start Date. Max shut-in months: If the number of months between a well’s last production date and the Current Month exceeds the number entered in max Shut In Months, the well is considered shut in. See Gap Wells and Shut in Wells in the About Type Wells Help topic in Val Nav, or Appendix A at the end of this document, to see how they are handled in Type Well calculations. Include non-producing months: If enabled, non-producing months are included in the Calendar Day Rate calculation. Calculation rate: i. Calendar Day: The average calendar day rate for each month. ii. Producing Day: Ignores all non-producing hours on the child wells when generating volumes/rates on the type well. Cut-off Point: See Well Cut-off Point in the About Type Wells Help topic in Val Nav, or Appendix A at the end of this document. Fixed Range: Specify a segment of the combined well history to use in the type well calculation. For example, you could choose to use only 2 years of data and also exclude the first month be entering 2 and 24 for the Start and End months, respectively Calculation Data: i. History: Only production history is used to create the type well. The divisor used in the calculation of the average will vary as the number of wells contributing to the production changes. To ensure the average includes wells that produced at lower rates, specify a Cut-off Point or a Fixed Range of data to use. This specifies the percentage of wells that must be contributing to the average before the production profile is cut off. ii. History and Forecast: History and forecast data are used to create the type well. The divisor used for the calculation of the average will remain the same over the entire profile thus the production rates will not be influenced higher by the earlier wells and no cut-off is required. Plan: Determines which plan to use in creating the type well forecast. Reserves Category: Only active if History and Forecast is selected in Calculation Data. Determines which reserves category to use in creating the type well forecast. Factor Type: Select Unfactored, Percentile (also specify a percentile value), P-Mean, or Custom Factors.

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4. If you selected a Factor Type other than Unfactored, click Advanced Options and select the following options as required:

a. Method: Select Aggregation or Selected Well. This determines the type of statistical analysis performed to calculate weighting factors. The Aggregation method performs a Monte Carlo type calculation. b. Future drill count: Specify the number of wells that will be forecasted using the type well. Used to calculate weighting factors. c. High/Low EUR: Number of extrapolation points used to extend the trend line on the graph for high and low EUR. d. Distribution: Select Smoothed or Actual data. Determines how the trend line is calculated from source wells. 5. Click Calculate Factors to see the effect of the selected factors in the Probability Plot graph. 6. Click OK to create the Type Well. See Appendix A at the end of this document for more information

After creating a type well, Val Nav automatically changes to the Type Wells view and selects the Type Well horizontal tab. This view can be accessed at any time from the main tool bar.

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The plotted traces of the contributing wells are displayed along with a bold trace representing the profile of the type well. The trace will be red for a gas type well; green for an oil type well.

• • • •

To zoom in on the graph, draw a box around the area to zoom with your left mouse button. To zoom back out, right-click and select Zoom Out, or click the ‘z’ key on your keyboard. Right-click the graph to set the Plot Method (Rate/Time or Rate/Cum) and the Scale (Linear or Semi-log) The displayed graph is the only graph available in the Type Wells view and the graph will always report in Producing time

To see the calculated overall production profile of the Type Well and its reserve properties, select the Predictions | Declines tab.

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Once the Type Well has been created, a number of options are available for manipulating the overall production profile data. These options can be accessed from the Toolbar at the top of the Type Well view, or with a right-click on the graph.

1. Click Recalculate after each change is made to apply the changes to the type well. 2. Select Options to display the Create Type Well dialog and review or change the original settings used to create the type well. 3. Toggle Data Point Tracking on and off to click on specific points in the curve and see values associated with that point. 4. To normalize the Type Well curve to the peak production of each child well, click the Normalize to Peak Rates icon. 5. To normalize a source well’s history to a different data point in its history click the Normalization Mode icon. Drag the well’s curve horizontally across the graph. 6. To normalize the Type Well curve to a selected range of data click on the Normalization Range icon. Click the left mouse button and drag the cursor across the source well traces to select the date range from within which you want to normalize by peak production. 7. After any manipulation of the source well data using the options outlined above, the source wells can be set back to their original settings with the first month of production for each well aligned to time zero by clicking on the Reset to Zero icon. 8. Wells can be removed from a type well, temporarily or permanently. 9. A new well can be created from a type well. 10. The type well can be quickly copied to a new type well with a different weighting factor.

Existing source wells can be temporarily or permanently removed from a Type Well and additional wells can be added. After each operation, recalculate the Type Well to include the change to the source data.

Temporarily remove a source well from a Type Well Individual wells can be temporarily removed from an existing Type Well and the Type Well recalculated in order to see the effect of the removed well(s). Highlight a source well in the Explorer pane and then click Exclude. Click Recalculate to see the effect on the type well.

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The source well will remain grouped under the Type Well in the Explorer pane, but the UWI will be displayed with a strike-through symbol.

Include a previously excluded source well in a Type Well To return the excluded source well back into the Type Well calculations, highlight the excluded well in the Explorer pane and then click Include. Click the Recalculate icon to see the effect on the type well.

Permanently remove a source well from a Type Well After excluding a well or wells from a Type Well, click Remove Excluded to remove them completely from the Type Well. The excluded wells will be permanently removed from the type well and will no longer appear under the Type Well in the Explorer pane. Click the Recalculate icon to see the effect on the type well.

Add a well to an existing type well To add a well from the hierarchy to an existing type well 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Select the well(s) in the hierarchy, then right-click. Select Add to Select Type Well … Select the type well to add the well to Click Recalculate on the type well to see the effect of the new well on the type well.

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The data on the type well is normalized and all of the history and forecast data are now considered history. When you create a well from a type well, the new well will not include the entire profile with history and forecast but will include only the data selected as forecast by drawing a profile with the normalized data. Economics cannot be generated on a type well. A new well must be created from the type well in order to build an economic case. As a Type Well is created, the user determines whether to use only History production data or both History and Forecast production data.

Using History data only to generate a Type Well If this option is used when the type well is created, then only the historical production data is normalized on the Type Well. Depending on User Option settings, a forecast will then be calculated based on the normalized historical production data as you can see on the Predictions tab of the type well. If you then click Create Well on the type well with no further editing, only the forecast production data from the Type Well will be used to create the forecast on the new well.

Using History and Forecast data to generate a Type Well If this option is used when the type well is created, then both the historical and forecast production data are normalized on the Type Well. Consequently, when the Type Well is created no forecast is generated. All normalized data is created as historical data and is displayed before the start of forecast, as you can see on the Predictions tab of the type well. If you then click Create Well on the type well with no further editing, no forecast will be generated on the new well. First, you need to create a forecast on the type well.

Drawing a Forecast Profile From the Predictions tab of the Type Well, it is possible to draw a profile that closely matches the generated normalized data of the Type Well. Once a close match has been achieved, the forecast can be applied to a new well or an existing well. To draw a forecast profile on a type well 1. Change to Type Wells view, select the type well in the hierarchy, then select the Predictions tab. 2. Right-click the Rate/Cum graph and select the product decline type (Gas, Oil or Condensate) to fit. 3. Select Draw Profile.

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4. With the mouse pointer, click on points along the profile trace to designate start and end points for each segment of a forecast. Backspace to undo a selection. These clicks will produce a four-segment decline, and will not include the initial ramp-up on the curve.

5. Click the enter key to produce the forecast as selected. The profile will be overlaid on the existing Type Well curve and the Forecast start vertical line moved to the beginning of the new profile. To redo the decline, repeat Steps 2 to 5.

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6. The forecast can be modified using the product cards below the graphs. Click on the product card header to toggle between Summary and Details view.

Creating a new well from a Type Well Ensure that you have created a profile on the type well for the new well to use as forecast. Only the forecast data from the type well will be copied to the new well, no history data will be transferred.

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To create a well from a type well

1. Select the type well in the hierarchy, then select the Type Well tab. 2. Click Create Well … to open the Well Information dialog and enter the required values for the new well. 3. Enter a Display Name for your new well. This is the well name that will appear in the Entity Hierarchy. This can be any value as long as it is not the same as any existing well. 4. Make sure a Country and State/Province are selected if you will be running economics on your new well so Val Nav knows which economic regime to use. 5. A Scaling Factor can be applied to the production of the new well. 6. Select a Start Date for the newly created well. This will default to the project Reference Date. 7. If you have created more than one plan, you can select a particular Destination Plan to assign the decline to. This may be useful when creating a drilling program. 8. Select a Reserves Category to create the decline in. If you will be creating a drilling program or future drill, you may wish to select the TP reserves category. 9. To create a new folder for your new well in your current hierarchy, select the Custom Fields tab and modify the appropriate custom field.

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The Cross Plot feature can be used to validate the assumption that the set of selected wells behave similarly in order to predict the applicability of the production profile generated by the normalized, averaged data. The Cross Plot horizontal tab has three associated vertical tabs; Distribution, Frequency and Probability. As each vertical tab is selected the upper half of the main pane changes but the lower half remains the same. After choosing options and selecting/deselecting a well or wells, click Recalculate to update the Cross Plot. After all changes have been made on the Cross Plot and it has been recalculated, the final step is to update the type well by clicking Update Type Well.

The lower half of the main pane is where wells can be deselected and selected by unchecking or checking the Use checkbox against a well name. After amending the selection of source wells, click Recalculate to update the Cross Plot data.

IP Choose the type of data that will be used to calculate the initial production values. Choices include: • • •

Average Calendar Rate – average calendar day rate over a specified number of months (including or excluding the first month) Average Producing Rate – average producing day rate over a specified number of months (including or excluding the first month) Peak Calendar Rate – the maximum calendar day rate

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• • •

Peak Producing Rate – the maximum producing day rate Initial Calendar Rate – first month’s calendar day rate Initial Producing Rate – first month’s producing day rate

Months to use A checkbox is available to include/exclude the first month of production from the calculations. Note that if this check box is unchecked, the number of months used to calculate the IP will be reduced by one from the value displayed, i.e. if Months to use is set to 3 and Include first month is unchecked then only 2 months will be used to calculate the IP (months 2 and 3).

View Choose from Oil, Gas, Oil Equivalent and Gas Equivalent.

Type This value is intended for a future enhancement. Currently, the only selection is Lognormal.

Recalculate Always click this button after making any changes to options, in the grid, or on a graph to update the Cross Plot.

Create Selected Wells as… Select either Rollup or Type Well to create the desired new entity based on the results of the Cross Plot calculations.

Filter to Selected Wells / Update Type Well If the display selection is Wells and Groups, this button will appear as Filter to Selected Wells. A filter will be applied that displays only the wells in the grid that have their respective Use boxes checked.

If the display selection is Type Wells, this button will appear as Update Type Well. Any wells previously included in the Type Well calculations that have subsequently had their Use checkbox unchecked will be displayed as Excluded in the list of Type Well source wells and the Type Well will be updated.

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The Distribution vertical tab provides, in tabular form, the probabilities for the selected initial production rate type (IP), the estimated ultimate recoverable volume (EUR) and the reserves life index (RLI). Overall values are displayed as well as values for the P1 through P99 distributions and a P10/P90 ratio. Total values are also displayed for the Arithmetic Mean, the Swanson Mean and the Median for all selected wells. The graph on this tab displays the Cumulative Distribution trend curves for IP and EUR and associates the value from each well to the appropriate curve. Zoom in on a section of the graph by drawing a box around the area with a left-click and hold of your mouse.

Selecting / Deselecting Wells and Data Points on the Distribution Graph Wells and individual data points can be selected or deselected on the Cumulative Distribution graph and the Cross Plot results re-calculated by clicking Recalculate. Individual data points can be selected/deselected with a double mouse click. The solid circle or square will display as hollow when unselected. When Recalculate is clicked to update the Cross Plot, the associated well is removed from the calculations and the data point disappears from the graph. Right-click on the graph to access a number of additional options for modifying the well selection using Select Points.

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The Frequency vertical tab displays distribution graphs used to ascertain the validity of the data set as a lognormal distribution. No editing, selection or deselection is available from either of the graphs displayed – they are for informational purposes only.

The Probability vertical tab displays a probability plot of the production rate type selected in the grid below and a probability plot of the estimated ultimate recoverable (EUR) reserves. Wells and individual data points can be selected or deselected on either of the Probability Plots. Individual data points can be selected/deselected with a double mouse click. The solid circle will display as hollow when unselected. When Recalculate is clicked to update the Cross Plot, the associated well is removed from the calculations and the data point disappears from the graph. When you right mouse click on either of the two displayed graphs a number of additional options are available for modifying the well selection.

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To evaluate the new well created from the type well, economic inputs must be entered. If the well is not already selected in your hierarchy, ensure you are in Wells and Groups view so you can select the well that you created from the type well.

• •

•

General Property information Economic Data - The currently active Price Deck - The Reference and Calculation start dates from Project Options - If the well is part of a Common Termination Entity (used to determine the economic limit of a field), the name of the CTE will be displayed here - Enter a Manual Termination Date to prevent a well from contributing to reserves as of that date - Enter Chance of Success or Chance of Occurrence - Apply Economic Limit to terminate the evaluation period when the economic limit for the well is reached, or uncheck to run the selected well to its technical end Delayed Abandonment & Salvage Costs are applied when the well becomes uneconomic, with delay, if entered

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-

-

When applying abandonment on a non-production reserves category such as PD or TP, override the Common Reserves Category and apply the abandonment directly to that reserves category. See the previous section in this manual on the Common Reserves Category. Fixed abandonment or salvage, which is applied on a specific date, can be entered on the costs tab You can choose to always apply any delayed abandonment/salvage on a producing case, even if it is uneconomic, or to not apply abandonment for uneconomic developed cases.

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Set working and facility interests and royalties by company, lease and product. 1. Click to toggle between Metric and Imperial units. 2. Add and Delete companies and leases. You can also Rename Leases with a right-click. 3. Select Interest Properties to choose fields to display in the grid for data entry on each lease. a. Reversions are calculated from the Economic Calculation Start Date set in Project Options, unless a Reversion Effective Date later than that date is entered. 4. Regime Properties display the regime used to calculate royalties and taxes and are controlled by the location of your well. Val Nav has built-in regimes for all of North America. 5. Use Manual Royalties or select a Crown, Freehold, or Indian Lands Mineral Owner. a. The mineral owner is set on each company, each lease and each product specified. When a mineral owner type of Freehold is selected the user has options with which to determine the freehold owner type and the freehold royalty rate. b. Select a Freehold mineral owner option based on who is paying the mineral tax: Lessor, Lessee, or Proportionate Share. c. Freehold mineral owners can be paid a Royalty %, a sliding scale royalty (click the Ellipsis) or a Crown equivalent royalty. d. A Crown Equivalent Freehold Mineral Owner payment can be factored by adding a Royalty Factor or Royalty Deduction % to the grid with the Interest Properties selector. 6. The Production Category defines the royalty regime that will be used in economic calculations for the entity. Options in the list box will change according to geographical location of the entity. a. The production category is specified regardless of the mineral owner. b. The Modernized production category is for any well drilled in Alberta as of January 2017. c. The ARF (Alberta Royalty Framework) is for producing wells in Alberta that were drilled before January 1, 2017. d. For producing wells in Alberta that were drilled before January 1, 2017, ARF to Modernized will use the Alberta Royalty Framework calculations until January 2027, when the Modernized calculations will be used. 7. All available incentives in the province or state in which your well exists are available from the Incentive Type list. a. For the Modernized Production Category, an incentive must be selected from one of these 4 options: i. Modernized (select for MRF wells that do not qualify for any other incentive under the Modernized Royalty Framework) ii. Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery (MRF) iii. Enhanced Oil Recovery (MRF New Dill) iv. Emerging Resources Program (MRF) b. For the ARF Production Category, incentives may be selected from one of these 3 options:

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i. New Well Royalty Rate ii. Deep Drill Incentive iii. New Well Royalty Rate & Deep Drill incentive (combined) c. Incentives are calculated from the Economic Calculation Start Date set in Project Options, unless a Balance Effective Date later than that date is entered. d. If applicable, Proppant Equivalency Factor is populated after entering the Completion Type and Acid Concentration. e. C* will be calculated by Val Nav if depths have been entered in Additional Properties. C* is an editable value and can be changed if required. f. The Balance Used, Remaining Balance and Balance Effective Date values are used when incentives and C* values are depleted. Enter the values from your Op Statement or government report. Enter a value in either Balance Used or Remaining Balance and Val Nav will calculate the corresponding value. The actual value of C* will always be the original value entered. g. Use the Incremental C* Calculator from the Plug-ins menu to calculate Incremental C*. 8. Additional Properties are required to calculate royalties. If these values are not populated with your data import, they can be populated manually on this tab or on the Wells and General Economics | Well Info and Custom Fields grid in Data View, or imported using a Spreadsheet Import.

a. Parameters used for ARF i. GCI Depth (Gross Completion Interval) is the bottom of your currently producing zone. Not used in the MRF regime. ii. Measured Depth for a well event, is the longest distance, in meters, along the bore of the well (horizontally and/or vertically) from the kelly bushing to the bottom of the producing interval. iii. Lateral Length b. Parameters used for MRF i. Total Measured Depth (TMD) is the combined total length for all legs.

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ii. True Vertical Depth (TVD) is the vertical depth of a well that is measured as vertical distance in a perpendicular line from the Kelly Bushing to the base of the deepest drilled leg. (required) iii. True Vertical Depth Average (TVDavg) is Average of the True Vertical Depths of all drilled legs. iv. True Vertical Depth Max (TVDmax) is the deepest True Vertical depth. v. Total Lateral Length (TLL) is the total length of all laterals. (required) vi. Completion Type vii. Total Proppant Placed (TPP) is the total amount of proppant used to stimulate a well. (required) viii. Acid Concentration ACCI (Alberta Capital Cost Index) is stored in your active price deck, in the Tax Rates section, in Alberta. c. Oil Royalty Type for royalty calculations, are used for both MRF and ARF i. Unassigned on a gas well will calculate condensate royalty for oil in the gas well. ii. Unassigned on an oil well uses the royalty calculation for light oil, which represents the worst-case scenario as light oil has the highest royalty rate. If the oil produced from the well is not Light Oil, select the correct oil density to ensure correct royalty calculations.

Prices The price deck to be used when evaluating entities in the project is set by an administrator and applies to all entities in the project database. A Price Set can be selected from those in the price deck currently in use. If you don’t see the price set you would like to select, click More …

Capital Costs Capital costs can be entered on individual entities in Entity View on the Economics | Prices & Costs | Capital Costs tab, or in bulk using the Data View grids or a spreadsheet import. Security

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permissions are required to use some of the bulk editing tools. Contact your administrator for access. The Input Copier in the Tools menu can be used to copy capital costs to other wells. The interest to be applied to the cost type that is entered is determined by the cost type selected. If a Working Interest (WI) cost type is selected, the Capital Cost Interest value (set on the Interests & Royalties tab) is applied. If a Facility Interest (FI) cost type is selected, the Facility Interest (set on the Interests & Royalties tab) is applied. Enter the amount of the cost on the date it is to be incurred. Gross costs are entered, and the interest is applied when economics are generated. If you are using an incremental forecast on the well, the Base cost assigned to the PDP reserves category will be displayed in the costs grid on each reserves category. To enter capital costs on a single well

1. Go to the Economics | Prices & Costs | Capital Costs tab. a. If the cost is to be applied only to the current reserves category, click Override on the Information Bar at the top of the Capital Costs grid, before selecting the cost. If the cost is to be shared among all reserves categories, do not override the common reserves category. 2. Click Add Costs at the bottom of the grid.

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3. Select the cost stream at the top of the dialog. This can also be set in the column that appears for each cost on the Capital Costs tab when you have finished your selections. a. Common costs: Costs incurred regardless of the project’s success or failure. b. Success costs: Costs incurred only if the project is successful. c. Failure costs: Costs incurred only if the project fails. 4. Expand the folders in Available Costs to select a cost. 5. Use the Add button or double-click a cost and move it from the Available Costs window to the Selected Costs window. You can add multiple costs to the Selected Costs window. 6. Click OK when you have selected all applicable costs. 7. Capital costs are inflated using the inflation rate entered in the project’s price deck unless the Prevent Inflation checkbox is enabled for the cost. 8. Control how much of the cost is included in a payout reversion calculation by modifying the Reversion Factor. 9. Select the Unit you will be using to enter your cost. 10. Enter the gross amount of capital cost next to the date(s) it will be incurred. 11. You can set the start and end dates for the grid and toggle between annual and monthly views with the Display Mode option in the bottom right corner. If a cost has been entered in a month, and the Display Mode is set to Annual, you will still see the cost that has been entered in that month.

Operating Costs Operating costs can be entered on individual entities in Entity View on the Economics | Prices & Costs | Operating Costs tab or in bulk using the Data View grids or a spreadsheet import. Security permissions are required to use some of the bulk editing tools. Contact your administrator for access. The Input Copier in the Tools menu can be used to copy operating costs to other wells. The interest to be applied to the cost type that is entered is determined by the cost type selected. If a Working Interest (WI) cost type is selected, the Capital Cost Interest value (set on the Interests & Royalties tab) is applied. If a Facility Interest (FI) cost type is selected, the Facility Interest (set on the Interests & Royalties tab) is applied. Gross costs are entered, and the interest is applied when economics are generated. If you are using an incremental forecast on the well, the Base cost assigned to the PDP reserves category will be displayed in the costs grid on each reserves category. The Operating Costs tab uses sparse data entry, which means that operating costs are entered on the date they begin and do not need to be entered for subsequent dates. The same cost is applied until another value is entered or the well becomes uneconomic.

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To enter operating costs

1. Go to the Economics | Prices & Costs | Operating Costs tab. a. If the cost is to be applied only to the current reserves category, click Override on the Information Bar at the top of the Operating Costs grid, before selecting the cost. If the cost is to be shared among all reserves category, do not override the common reserves category. 2. Click Add Costs at the bottom of the grid. 3. Expand the folders in Available Costs to select a cost. 4. Use the Add button or double-click a cost and move it from the Available Costs window to the Selected Costs window. You can add multiple costs to the Selected Costs window. a. A cost category name appended by (GCA) it is required when calculating GCA allowance. 5. Note that you can also add Revenue streams from here. 6. Click OK when you have selected all applicable costs. 7. Operating costs are inflated using the inflation rate entered in the active price deck unless the Prevent Inflation checkbox is enabled for the cost. 8. Use the GORR Deductible option to apply the cost to any GORR entered on the Economics | Interests & Royalties tab.

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9. An Escalation % (annual) can be applied to Op Costs. This value is in addition to any inflation entered in the price deck. 10. There are two Fixed Cost Types available a. Cost/Well/Time is only applied if there is production to apply it to and will be multiplied by the Well Count on the well. b. Cost/Time is applied regardless if there is production present or not and will not be multiplied by the Well Count. Use this Cost Type to enter a cost that will be applied every period, whether the well is producing or not. 11. Select the Unit you will be using to enter your cost. 12. Enter the gross amount of the operating cost next to the date it will begin. 13. You can set the start and end dates for the grid and toggle between annual and monthly views with the Display Mode option in the bottom right corner. If a cost has been entered in a month, and the Display Mode is set to Annual, you will still see the cost that has been entered in that month.

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Predictions | Data | Plant The Predictions | Data | Plant tab displays monthly production history and forecast data and allows data entry for liquids recovery at the plant. When using the Modernized Royalty Framework, the entry of a gas analysis for use in the calculation of royalties is recommended. A Master Gas Analysis (MGA) can be manually entered on the Predictions | Gas Analysis tab or it can be copied from an existing well using the Input Copier. If a Master Gas Analysis is present, the Energy Content and Process Loss will be calculated as ratios or efficiency values are entered. These values can be overwritten, and a separate Surface Loss can also be entered in the Default row. Delete or right-click to Clear any manually entered value to return to the value calculated by Val Nav.

1. The top Gas Properties table shows the gas composition for the Master Gas Analysis, the Plant Inlet and Plant Outlet, and the Theoretical Yield calculation. The composition that can be edited is determined by the Input Mode Selector menu. Selecting the Input Mode will highlight the editable row in blue. a. Royalties are always calculated using the Outlet Gas Analysis composition. 2. Plant data can be entered in one of three input modes, depending on the type of data you want to enter. The manner in which the data is handled is determined by the Input Mode selected. a. Raw Ratios: Use this method to enter ratios based on raw gas into the Inlet Gas Analysis or the lower grid. These ratios are applied to the Raw gas volumes and result in Process Loss.

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3.

4. 5. 6.

7.

b. Inlet Ratios: (Plant Inlet) Use this method to enter ratios based on plant inlet gas into the Inlet Gas Analysis or the lower grid. These ratios are applied to the Inlet gas volumes and result in Process Loss. c. Sales Ratios: (Plant Outlet) Use this input method to enter ratios based on sales gas into the Outlet Gas Analysis or the lower grid. These ratios are applied to the Outlet gas volumes and do not result in further Process Loss. The Master Gas Analysis values are generated from the gas analyses being used on the Gas Analysis tab and can only be altered by changing values on the Gas Analysis tab. Master and Inlet Gas Analysis types will be populated with the Master Gas Analysis values by default, and the Theoretical Yield will be calculated, based on the Inlet Gas Analysis. Select which Products to view in the lower grid. Units can be changed by clicking in the field and selecting a new unit from the Unit Selector. The recovery of component liquids from gas volumes can be identified by entering a Ratio or Efficiency. Enter a constant ratio or efficiency value by first selecting the Ratio or Efficiency View mode, then entering a value in the blue Default row. Ratios can be entered even though a gas analysis is not entered to indicate the presence of liquids. All values can be changed over time using the grid, except for the gas analysis, which is entered as a constant set of values.

It must be feasible to commercially produce volumes in order to consider those volumes as reserves. The economic value is determined by generating reports. A number of technical and economic reports are included with Val Nav. The Reports tab is the quickest and simplest reporting method. It allows you to view one report at a time, on a single entity or folder in one reserves category. Reports can be selected from the pull-down menu of available reports. The Reports tab is available in both Entity View and Data View. When an economic report is selected on the Reports tab, an economic case will automatically be generated if there is a production forecast. The economic evaluation of the selected entity will be updated if any changes have been made to the entity since the economics were last run. If a folder has been selected, the economic evaluation of all entities in the folder will be performed and aggregated to the folder level total. To view reports on the Reports tab 1. 2. 3. 4.

In the Entity Explorer, select an entity or a folder. Select the desired Plan and Reserves Category. Select the Reports tab. Select a report from the Report list.

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Any entity may be used as a ‘seed well’ or engineering ‘type well’ for a development program. Such an entity may be copied with the adjustment of dates to create additional wells. In Val Nav, there is a utility called the Bulk Well Generator that will accommodate the definition of an entire program of wells using a seed well.

A seed well is any well whose input data will be used to create a schedule of wells to be drilled. This well might not itself be included in the reserves reporting. • • • •

The well should have a production forecast in at least one of the undeveloped reserves categories, but may have production forecasts on more than one reserves category. For example, Proved Undeveloped, Proved + Probable Undeveloped, etc. All economic parameters, including capital costs, should be entered on the seed well. The user should evaluate the entity to ensure that it is economical. All general well information, including any custom fields, should be appropriately populated, particularly to ensure that the scheduled wells will be included in the appropriate hierarchy folders.

The Bulk Well Generator uses a seed well to create a program of new wells that will be drilled according to a schedule. All required parameters, including a forecast and all economic values, should be entered on the seed well before using the generator. The production forecast and all economic parameters for a single reserves category are copied to create the program, shifting dates as specified in the program definition. By default, the date used for the start of production on each well in the schedule is equal to the amount of time between the last capital expenditure and the start of production in the source well. You can specify: • • • • • •

The number of wells to be drilled The number of rigs available for drilling The start date of each well A common production date for all wells in the row COS and COO factors for each well Production and Capital factors for each well

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You can also: • •

Update all wells in the schedule if you make changes to the schedule’s source well Adjust the start date of the schedule or specific wells in the schedule

Definition Tab Enter parameters on this tab to define the drilling schedule for the new wells. The initial data displayed represents the data from the single seed well. The Start Date for the first entity will, by default, be the Reference Date of the database. This date defines the first date of capital expenditure on the seed well. The Start Date can be revised to reflect the first date of capital expenditure for the earliest entity in the program. This date does not have to be after the date of the seed well. All dates related to the seed well (first date of capital expenditure, forecast start date, etc.) will be adjusted by the number of months to reflect the difference between the month of the start of forecast date of the seed well and the specified date. The well count for a specific event can be edited to add or reduce the number of wells planned for that date. The number of rigs available for concurrent drilling and the time in days (or months) between wells, can also be edited. This will take into account the number of rigs available when scheduling start dates. As the Add option is used, a single well based on the previously selected source well with a single rig will be created with the Start Date calculated from the previous event. For each new event added, the number of wells and the number of rigs can be edited. Following the logic of scheduling the best wells to be drilled first, the Chance of Success (COS), Chance of Occurrence (COO), Production Factor and Capital Factor can be modified for later drilling events.

Timetable Tab Once the schedule has been defined, it must be generated on the Timetable tab to create the new wells. This tab displays the individual wells that will be created, each with a yellow sun symbol beside the well name, denoting that the new wells have not been created. To create the new wells, click the Generate Wells button. The new wells can be viewed by either expanding the schedule name in the Entity Explorer pane or by moving to the Wells and Groups view. Wells created via the Bulk Well Generator can be edited independently. However, the link is maintained back to the source well and when the Bulk Well Generator is updated the next time, all manual edits on any well in the schedule will be overwritten. This link allows the editing of parameters on the seed well and updating of the associated wells through the Bulk Well Generator. Within the Bulk Well Generator •

Wells can be moved from one date to another.

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• •

The entire schedule can be moved forward or backward in time from a specified point. Wells in the schedule can be updated with revisions made to the seed well.

To create a well schedule

1. In the Explorer, select the seed well and the undeveloped reserves category on the seed well that contains the forecast and economic data for your future drills, then right click and point to Create as, and select Bulk Well Generator. (You can specify other source wells once you have created the schedule). 2. In the Create Bulk Well Generator dialog box, type a Name for the schedule. 3. Enter Entity Properties information, if required. 4. Enter text for the Custom Fields, if required (to organize the wells into a folder in the Entity Hierarchy). 5. Select a Plan to Copy if you have created the source data on a specific plan. 6. Click OK to create the schedule. The new schedule appears in the Explorer. 7. Select the new schedule in the Explorer and go to Bulk Well Generator | Definition. The source well appears in the first row of the schedule. 8. Complete the following fields:

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a. # of Wells: The number of wells you plan to drill. b. # of Rigs: Number of available rigs. This determines how long it will take to drill the number of wells you indicated based on the time you enter in Time Between Wells. Example: If you indicate two wells and one rig with 30 days between wells, the second well will be drilled 30 days after the first. If you indicate two wells and two rigs, both rigs will be drilled on the same date. c. (link): Link to previous date (optional). Not used in the first line of the schedule. If selected, drilling of the wells in this line will not begin until the final well in the previous line has been drilled. The first available date after the previous well has been drilled is used automatically. d. Start Date: First capital expenditure date. e. Last Start Date: First capital expenditure date of the last well in the line. Example: If you indicate Start Date of January 1, 2011 for two wells and one rig, and a Time Between Wells of 30 days, the start date of the last well will be January 31, 2011. f. Time Between Wells: The number of days or months between wells. You can change the unit by selecting Days or Months in the bottom right corner of the screen. g. Common Production Start Date: Date on which all wells in the row will begin producing. Entering a date overrides the default first production date. See Production Start Date above. h. COS , COO, Production, and Capital Factors: Reduces or increases the COS, COO, Production, or Capital Costs for the wells in the line. 9. Click Add, to add a row, if required. 10. Select a different source well, if required, by clicking in the Source Well field and selecting a well from the list. 11. Repeat steps 7 to 9, as required.

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12. To view and generate the schedule, click the Timetable tab.

Moving Wells within the Generator

As the well name contains the bulk well schedule name and the sequence number by which it was created, when a well is moved the sequence number may change. When a well is moved to a date that had another well moved out of it, the sequence number on the end of the well name may not be the next available number. It will be a number that has not yet been used at any time. In essence, you are deleting one well from the row where the # of Wells was reduced and creating a new one in the row where the # of Wells was increased. A well removed from the schedule remains in the database, but not as part of the Bulk Well Generator (see below for permanently deleting wells). To move a well from one date to another: 1. On the Definition tab, reduce the # of Wells for one event and increase the # of Wells for a different event. 2. On the Timetable vertical tab click Generate Wells.

A well can be deleted or removed from the Generator. Deleting a well will permanently remove the well from both the Generator and the project database, if there was no associated opening balance. Removing a well from the Generator removes the well from the Generator and severs the link to the seed well, but does not delete the well from the project. It will still be available in the Entity Hierarchy. If you are starting over with your schedule and do not wish to retain any of the wells created, select the option to Delete the wells. To delete or remove a well from the Generator:

1. Edit the # of Wells for an event on the Definition tab by reducing the well count.

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2. On the Timetable vertical tab, one of the wells will be labelled with a red X. 3. The default action is to remove the well. Clicking in this cell allows you to choose to delete the well instead. 4. With the desired choice displayed, click Generate Wells on the Timetable tab. 5. If you delete a well that was created by the Bulk Well Generator from the Wells and Groups view, the deleted well will be recreated the next time you run Generate Wells.

Adjusting the Generator From a specified date or source well, all of the dates for the wells from that point forward can be adjusted by a specified number of days. A negative number of days will move the Generator forward while a positive number of days will push back the Generator. Click the Adjust Definition… button at the bottom of the Definitions tab for access to this function.

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Updating a Bulk Well Generator The seed well used to create the schedule can be revised and those revisions applied to selected wells in the schedule. Once you have edited the schedule’s seed well or the definitions on the Definition tab, update the schedule on the Timetable tab. On the Timetable tab, three symbols are used to indicate what will be updated:

a. A red dot indicates the source well has been modified but the related wells in the schedule have not been updated with the modification(s). b. A sunburst indicates a well has been added on the Definition tab and updating the timetable will add a new well c. A red X indicates a well has been removed on the Definition tab and updating the timetable will remove the well. d. If you do not wish to apply source well changes to particular wells, the wells can be unchecked, or the Action can be changed to No Action. To update a well schedule 1. Make the required change on the seed well or the Definition tab. 2. Go to Bulk Well Generator | Timetable to display the changes that will be applied. 3. Click Generate Wells, then OK on the Generate Wells dialog.

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Entities can be added to a Schedule, which is an entity type in its own right. Once entities are members of a Schedule, they can be manipulated from the Timelines tab. Individual entities within a Schedule can be shifted in time, or a selection of entities within the same Schedule can all have their respective dates shifted simultaneously by the same amount of time. A constraint, such as a maximum cumulative capital cost or a volume, can be configured on the Timelines tab. The Schedule does not control when the wells are scheduled or drilled, they must be moved manually to keep the production below the constraint level. As the entities in the Schedule are adjusted, the graph will update dynamically, showing if the constraint has been exceeded at any point. Once a set of entities have been satisfactorily adjusted within a Schedule, the Schedule can be saved to make the adjustments permanent.

To use the recently created new wells in a new Schedule, delete the Bulk Well Generator parent entity. If the Bulk Well Generator parent entity is not deleted, any changes made to the Bulk Well Generator will override changes made to the schedule. Highlight the Bulk Well Generator entity, right mouse click and from the sub-menu select Delete entity. Select the appropriate option, then click Yes to continue.

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Unlink child entities to remove the Bulk Well Generator object, but keep the wells created by the bulk well generator available in the entity hierarchy. This is the appropriate action if you are going to create a schedule, or want to keep the wells you have generated. Permanently delete child entities will remove both the Bulk Well Generator parent entity AND the wells created by it. This is the appropriate action if you no longer want to keep the wells created by the Bulk Well Generator and want to start over from scratch.

Schedules are entities that sum the production and economics of their child wells and display the wells on the Timeline tab so you can easily view the combined production and timing of the wells. You can also move wells on the timeline to adjust their forecast start dates and other dates such as capital and operating costs.

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Note that only future wells with a Project Start date are displayed on the Timeline tab. The production from producing wells can be added to a Schedule, but the wells themselves will not be displayed. To create a schedule from a well or folder 1. Select the well or folder in the Entity Explorer. 2. Right-click, and select Create as > Schedule. 3. Give the Schedule a Name, and complete the Entity Properties and Custom Fields as required. 4. Under Schedule Specific Options, select a Plan in which to create the Schedule. 5. Click OK to create the Schedule. To create an empty schedule 1. From the Entity menu, select Create > Empty Schedule. 2. Give the Schedule a Name, and complete the Entity Properties and Custom Fields as required. 3. Under Schedule Specific Options, select a Plan in which to create the Schedule. 4. Click OK to create the Schedule. To add an entity to a Schedule 1. In the Explorer, select the entity, or the folder that contains the entities, you want to add to a Schedule. 2. Right-click the entity/folder and select Add to > Schedule. 3. In the Add to Entity dialog box, select the schedule and click OK. To view the schedule, change to Schedules view, where the Timeline tab will be displayed. The Timeline tab is accessible from both Entity View and Data View. In the Layout Menu on the right, make sure the correct product(s) are selected for the entities.

The graph will display the well count and total production rate over time for all child entities in the Schedule, according to the selections made in the Layout Menu.

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In the grid below the graph, individual entities can be selected and their Project Start date shifted in time, or multiple entities can be selected and the combined selection moved simultaneously. An individual entity is selected by hovering the mouse cursor over the Project Start date slider and clicking. The row in the grid becomes highlighted.

To adjust multiple entities simultaneously, select the first entity (as above), and then either select additional non-contiguous entities by holding down the Ctrl key and selecting them, or hold down the Shift key and select the last entity in a contiguous list.

Single or multiple constraint values can be added to the graph in the Schedule view. Click the + Add Constraint button to select a constraint and value to add to the graph.

The constraint is displayed on the graph as a horizontal line, but does not adjust any well start dates automatically. As wells are manually adjusted in the grid below, the graph dynamically updates to show if an applied constraint is being exceeded at any point in the future. Schedules are not automatically saved. Once a schedule has been satisfactorily adjusted it must be saved manually. Click on the active Save Change button to apply the adjustments to the Schedule. You can also select the Undo Changes button to restore the Schedule to the last save point. These buttons are located at the top of the graph on the Timeline tab.

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When evaluating future drills, producing wells may need to be included in the Schedule so that their actual current production is included in the graph. To add Producing Wells to a Schedule

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Change to Wells and Groups view. In the Entity Explorer, select the well or folder that contains the production. Right-click, and select Add to > Schedule. Expand the folders and select the Schedule you want to add the production to. Click OK to add the production to the selected Schedule.

The View will switch back to Schedules and immediately below the graph will be text identifying the additional well count that is contributing to overall production during the displayed timeframe. The contributing wells are not added to the lower grid, but their production is added to the graph. Further constraint adjustments may now need to be made based on the additional production.

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Scenarios can be run on entities or folders to compare the results when variables are altered. For example, the Economics Summary report could be run on a potential acquisition using three different price decks to see how the rate of return is affected by the different prices. Scenarios do not alter the underlying data in the database. They are used only to run reports and compare temporary variable changes. The following variables can be adjusted when running scenarios: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Price Deck Abandonment Capital Economic Limit Economic Limit Calculation Type Economic Limit Discount Rate Allow Negative Wedge Results Saskatchewan Capital Surcharge Use overlapping production history Selected Companies Capital Actuals Economic Calculation Option Reference Date Discount Date Chance of Success % Chance of Occurrence % Price Factor % Operating Cost Factor % Capital Cost Factor % Production Factor % Inflation override %

Note that when running Reserves reports you cannot run pricing sensitivities against a Jurisdiction. The Jurisdiction will run the price deck assigned to it or the active deck if no specific deck has been assigned. Multiple Jurisdictions would have to be created, each one with a specific price deck assigned.

You can select wells, folders, plans and reserves categories to run as a one-off reports, or save the selections for use in future report runs. Depending on the selections made, entity-level and folder-level reports can be generated at the same time, in several reserves categories and plans. If you select more than one batch to run simultaneously , you can also select Consolidate Results to add the batch results together or subtract them from each other using factors.

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Entities and folders can be selected in the Batch Manager independently of entities or folders selected in the Entity Explorer. If you apply a filter to the project, the filter also applies to the entities visible in the Batch Manager. Reports in Batch Manager are produced only for entities/folders that have been selected with a checkmark. Selecting an entity will produce a report for that entity. Selecting a folder will produce a report for the folder level. The folder level report will run the economics on all wells in the folder that are visible in the Entities to report list in Batch Manager, but will display only a summary report at the selected folder level. To exclude wells from a folder level report in Batch Manager, apply a filter to the project before opening Batch Manager.

Once you have run a batch, you can select reports or create customized report lists and use them with your batches. Use caution when using Batch Manager - output tables can fill up quickly!

Reserves Categories in Batch Manager In addition to the nine categories for which production forecast and economic parameters can be entered, the economic value of other reserves categories can be determined. • • •

Wedge results for Probable Additional value Possible Additional value

PNP, PUD, P+PNP, P+PUD, P+P+PNP and P+P+PUD Additional value from the Proved case Additional value from the Proved + Probable case

Calculation Options The Batch Manager can be used to run economics, create economic cases appropriately without creating the reports, or to generate reports from existing or new economic results. Recalculation mode: • •

Calculate if necessary (default): Only calculate economics if a change has been made to the entity Do not calculate: Will not run new economics, just report on the currently run set of economics

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Force recalculation: Force all entities to be recalculated, whether or not a change has been detected

After Calculation: • • •

Do not show reports: Just calculate the economics, do not display the Print Preview windows after the scenario is calculated. Show print preview (default): Display the Print Preview after the scenario is calculated so that reports can be selected and printed. Print selected reports: Automatically send all reports in the currently selected report list to the default printer after the scenario is calculated.

To select data for a report run in Batch Manager

1. To open Batch Manager: a. On the Tools menu, click Batch Manager. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

b. On the toolbar, click the Batch Manager icon. In the Batch Manager, click the Entities tab. Under Entity Selection Mode, click Quick Selection to select the data that will be included in the report run. a. Once you have created and saved batches, they can be opened with Select from batch list. Under Entities to report, select the entities and/or folders you want to report on. Under Plans, select the plans you want to report on. Under Reserves categories, select the reserves categories you want to report on. Select a currency to use and manage the reports list from the Report Options tab. Return to the Entities tab.

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9. To save the selections as a batch to be used again in a future reporting run or with a consolidation, click Save as Batch, enter a name, and click Save to save the created batch in the batches list.

10. To generate reports using the default project options, select the appropriate Recalculation mode (default is Calculate if necessary), and After calculation mode (default is Show print preview). Reports can be run from either the Quick Selection or Select from batch list mode. 11. At the bottom right corner of the Batch Manager dialog, click Run.

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January 2019

To create a scenario

1. Scenarios must be created before they can be run. Scenarios can be accessed from multiple locations: a. In the Tools menu, select Global Project Data > Scenarios. b. On the Scenarios tab of the Batch Manager, select Edit Scenarios. 2. In the Scenarios dialog box, click Add. 3. Enter a name and click OK. a. This name can be modified at any time. 4. Under Scenario visibility, select one of the following options: a. Project Scenario: The scenario is part of the project and is available to all users. Project Scenarios can be exported along with other Val Nav project data. b. User Scenario: The scenario is only available to the user who created it, in the current project. User Scenarios are not exported along with other Val Nav project data. 5. Under Scenario parameters, select one of the following options: a. Shared: The scenario is applied to all plans. b. Per Plan: The scenario is applied only to the specified plan. Select a Plan to apply the scenario to. 6. Modify the Calculation Options, Calculation Dates, Risk, and Sensitivity variables as required. 7. Click OK to save the scenario.

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

Scenario Notes Inflation Override: The value you enter overrides all inflation values (operating cost, capital cost, price deck inflation). Selected Companies: Companies that are disabled in the Companies dialog box in Global Project Data are also disabled in the Scenarios dialog box. For Jurisdiction scenarios, only companies selected in the Jurisdiction’s Selected Companies are used. You cannot change a Jurisdictions Selected Companies in the Scenarios dialog box. To change a Jurisdiction’s Selected Companies, search for Create Jurisdictions in Val Nav Help. Cost, Price, Production Factors: The value you are entering is a percentage. To increase a value by 20%, enter ‘120’; to decrease a value by 20%, enter ‘80’.

Running a scenario from the Reports tab Scenarios can be run from the Reports tab to apply the scenario to a single well or folder, or the Batch Manager to apply the scenario to multiple wells or folders or to consolidate and compare results. To run a scenario from the Reports tab for a single entity or folder, select the scenario from the dropdown to automatically generate the report with the scenario settings applied.

Running a scenario from the Batch Manager You can create report batches that consist of wells, folders, plans and reserves categories. This enables you to generate entity-level and folder-level reports at the same time, in several reserves categories and plans. If you select more than one batch to run simultaneously , you can also select Consolidate Results to add the batch results together or subtract them from each other using factors. Entities and folders can be selected in the Batch Manager independently of entities or folders selected in the Entity Explorer. If you apply a filter to the project, the filter also applies to the entities visible in the Batch Manager. Reports in Batch Manager are produced only for entities/folders that have been selected with a checkmark. Selecting an entity will produce a report for that entity. Selecting a folder will produce a report for the folder level. The folder level report will run the economics on all wells in the folder that are visible in the Entities to report list in Batch Manager, but will display only

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January 2019

a summary report at the selected folder level. To exclude wells from a folder level report in Batch Manager, apply a filter to the project before opening Batch Manager.

Once you have run a batch, you can select reports or create customized report lists and use them with your batches. Use caution when using Batch Manager - output tables can fill up quickly!

Reserves Categories in Batch Manager In addition to the nine categories for which production forecast and economic parameters can be entered, the economic value of other reserves categories can be determined. • • •

Wedge results for Probable Additional value Possible Additional value

PNP, PUD, P+PNP, P+PUD, P+P+PNP and P+P+PUD Additional value from the Proved case Additional value from the Proved + Probable case

Calculation Options The Batch Manager can be used to run economics, create economic cases appropriately without creating the reports, or to generate reports from existing or new economic results. Recalculation mode: • • •

Calculate if necessary (default): Only calculate economics if a change has been made to the entity Do not calculate: Will not run new economics, just report on the currently run set of economics Force recalculation: Force all entities to be recalculated, whether or not a change has been detected

After Calculation: •

Do not show reports: Just calculate the economics, do not display the Print Preview windows after the scenario is calculated.

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January 2019

• •

Show print preview (default): Display the Print Preview after the scenario is calculated so that reports can be selected and printed. Print selected reports: Automatically send all reports in the currently selected report list to the default printer after the scenario is calculated.

To run a scenario from the Batch Manager

1. Scenarios can be run from the Batch Manager to apply the scenario to multiple wells or folders or to consolidate and compare results. To open Batch Manager: a. On the Tools menu, click Batch Manager. b. On the toolbar, click the Batch Manager icon. 2. Under Entity Selection Mode, click Quick Selection to select the data that will be included in the report run, or choose Select from batch list if a batch was previously created and saved. 3. Change to the Scenarios tab.

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January 2019

4. On the Scenarios tab, under Scenario Selection Mode, select Calculate selected scenarios. 5. Under Scenarios, select the scenarios you want to run. More than one scenario can be selected, but the scenarios will apply to all data or batches selected. It is not possible at this time to build arrays and apply certain scenarios to particular data sets or batches. 6. Select the appropriate Recalculation mode (default is Calculate if necessary), and After calculation mode (default is Show print preview). Reports can be run from either the Quick Selection or Select from batch list mode. 7. At the bottom right corner of the Batch Manager dialog, click Run. 8. Click a report to view it in the Print Preview window.

9. Open Select/Manage Reports to create or modify a report list, or to drag a set of Scenario Reports from the Available Reports list to the Selected reports list to do some comparisons between scenarios.

10. Reports can be printed or exported using the Toolbar at the top of the Print Preview window.

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

Type Wells display an averaged representation of the production history for a sample of wells with a forecast based on that history. Value Navigator normalizes the start of each well’s production history to time zero and calculates an average of the combined history starting from that date. It is possible to use either only history, or history plus forecast.

Well Cut-off Point Value Navigator does not automatically use all of the production history for all wells in the sample to create a type well. The amount of total production history used to create the type well is determined by the percentage selected for Well cut-off point in the Create Type Well dialogue box. This applies if history or history plus forecast is used for the type well, but will have more influence on type wells that use only history (see pages 25 & 26). When looking at the production history of a sample, Value Navigator starts all wells at a common start date. Because each well has a different amount of production history, the sample’s well count decreases over time. The Well cut-off point option allows you to select what percentage of the wells are still producing (remaining) before cutting off the production history. For example, if the sample consists of 100 wells, entering 0% as the cutoff point runs all wells to completion. In other words, 0% means “run all wells until 0% remains”. Similarly, selecting 75% as the cutoff point runs the full production history of 25 wells because once 25 wells have dropped from production there are 75 remaining (Figure 1). The higher the percentage indicated for Well cut-off point, the less production history that will be used to create the type well. Generally, the more wells used to create the type well (providing a larger data sample), the higher the percentage that may be used. For a small number of wells the percentage may be lower, resulting in a larger amount of the available production history being used to calculate the type well forecast. The higher the % of wells remaining, the less production history is used to create the type well. With 50% of the wells remaining, 120 months of production are used to create the type well. With 25% of the wells remaining, 180 months are used.

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019

Gap Wells and Shut In wells When only production history is used to create a type well, it is important to distinguish between wells that have been shut in and those that simply have no more production history. A gap well is a well that has run out of production data, but is still assumed to be producing. A shut in well is a well that has not produced for a number of months greater than the Max shut-in months: setting and does not have a forecast which would indicate that production will resume in the future. The following explanation applies to type wells created using only the production of the child wells (forecasts not included). Gap wells and shut in wells are used differently in the type well calculation. When a gap well runs out of production data, the total well count is reduced by one and the sum of all remaining wells’ production is divided by the number of remaining wells. In other words, the gap well is removed from the type curve calculation. Its production rate assumes the average rate of the remaining wells. However, when a well is shut in, the well count used to calculate the type curve is not reduced. Therefore, the shut in well’s production, which is zero, is still used to calculate the average production of the remaining wells. See the graph below for an example of how the type well calculation changes as gap wells run out of production data and wells become shut in. The term well count can have two different meanings depending on the context. When determining the percentage of wells remaining to determine the cutoff point (see Well Cut-off Point, above), well count refers to the number of wells contributing to production. The well count is reduced when a well is no longer contributing to production (this means both gap wells and shut in wells). In the context of the type well calculation, the well count refers to the number of wells used in the calculation. The number of wells used to calculate the type curve is reduced when a gap well runs out of production data, but not when a well is shut in.

In the graph above, at Time 1, Well 1 has run out of production data, but is not shut in and is assumed to be producing. At Time 2, Well 3 is not producing and is considered a shut in well. At Time 3, only Well 2 is producing, but Well 3 is still being used in the type well calculation with a producing rate of zero. If the forecasts of the child wells are included, the well count used in the type well calculation is always the total number of wells.

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January 2019

Special Fitting Methods* Use special fitting when N > Special fitting is used when N is greater than the specified value. Methods to use Power Law q = qi exp (-d∞ t-di tn), where di= d1⁄n Stretched q = qi exp[-(t⁄t)n ] = qi exp(-di tn), where di=d1⁄n Duong q = q_1 tD+ q∞ *Note on Special Fitting Methods If Value Navigator cannot find a fit for the method you selected, it falls back to other fit methods as described below: · Duong and Stretched fall back to Arps · Power Law Loss Ratio falls back to Stretched then to Arps Set d-infinity

Use this option to specify the d infinity term that is used in the Power Law Loss Ratio fitting instead of allowing Value Navigator to automatically calculate it when determining the fit. You can set this term for oil and gas separately. The default values are specified in Tools>Options>User Options > Fit Settings > Product Specific > Minimum nominal Df (Proved). The unit (Nominal/Eff.Sec./Eff.Tan.) is specified in User Options > General > Decline display settings.

Val Nav Advanced

January 2019