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Reservoir Simulator tNavigator version 4.2 User Manual Moscow, 2016 tNavigator-4.2 Reservoir Simulator tNavigator (
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Reservoir Simulator
tNavigator version 4.2 User Manual
Moscow, 2016
tNavigator-4.2
Reservoir Simulator tNavigator (version 4.2). User Manual. — Moscow, 2016. — 2176 pp.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by RFDynamics. RFDynamics assumes no responsibility to any error that may appear in this manual. Some states or jurisdictions do not allow disclaimer of expressed or implied warranties in certain transactions; therefore, this statement may not apply to you.
RFDynamics, 2004-2016
©
2
CONTENTS
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Press to open User Guide Contents Contents 1
Introduction
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Physical model 2.1 Differential equations for black-oil model . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Boundary conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Initial conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Permeability tensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Porosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Phase relative permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.1 Linear Baker model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.2 The first Stone’s model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.3 The second Stone’s model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.4 End-point scaling, two-point method . . . . . . . . . . Saturations scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative permeabilities scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.5 End-point scaling, three-point method . . . . . . . . . . Saturations scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative permeabilities scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.6 Directional and irreversible RP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.7 RP at dual porosity runs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.8 User-defined relative permeability of the injected phase 2.6.9 Corey correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.10 LET correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.11 Hysteresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.12 Surface tension effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Equation of state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Phase viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Phase formation volume factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 API tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Oil Standing’s correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11.1 2-phase water-oil model. Dead Oil . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11.2 3-phase model. Dead Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas saturated (below bubble point pressure) . . . . . . Undersaturated (above bubble point pressure) . . . . . 2.12 Gas Standing’s correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12.1 Gas Formation Volume Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12.2 Gas Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13 Phase molar density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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43 43 44 45 45 45 45 47 47 48 49 49 51 52 52 54 54 55 55 56 61 64 67 68 69 70 70 71 72 72 72 73 74 74 74 75
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2.14 Phase mass density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15 Capillary pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15.1 Oil-gas capillary pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15.2 Oil-water capillary pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15.3 Capillary pressure end-point scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.15.4 Capillary pressure calculation according to Leverett J-function . . . 2.16 Solubility of gas component into oil phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.17 Vaporisation of oil component into gas phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.18 Inflow from aquifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19 Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.1 Well approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.2 Group control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.3 Separators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.4 Multisegment well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.5 MULTI–phase injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.6 WAG injection mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.7 DCQ. Gas Field Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.8 Gas Lift Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.9 Standard network option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.10 NETWORK option. Automatic chokes. Compressors . . . . . . . . 2.19.11 Well prioritization option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.19.12 Prioritized drilling queue. Sequential drilling queue . . . . . . . . . 2.20 Polymer Flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.20.1 Polymer Flood option POLYMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.20.2 Polymer flooding based on BrightWater technology . . . . . . . . . 2.20.3 Polymer flood in IMEX format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polymer flood models: differences in E100 and IMEX formulation. Polymer adsorption modelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water viscosity calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.21 Foam modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.22 Residual oil modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.23 Asphaltene modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.24 Alkaline flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.25 Surfactant injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.25.1 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.26 Waters with different salinities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.26.1 Fresh water injection into the saline reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.26.2 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.26.3 Low salinity option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.27 Scale deposition model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.28 Dual porosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.28.1 RP at dual porosity runs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.28.2 Gravity drainage option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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76 76 76 77 77 78 79 80 80 84 84 85 86 86 87 87 87 88 89 89 91 92 93 93 94 96 96 97 97 98 99 99 100 101 103 103 104 105 105 106 107 109 109
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2.29 Coal Bed Methane Model . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30 Temperature option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.31 Geomechanical model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.31.1 Description of Geomechanical model . . 2.31.2 Mixture K f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.31.3 The calculation of the diagonal elements stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.31.4 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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Compositional model 3.1 Equations of state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 EOS in reservoir and surface conditions 3.2 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 Lohrenz-Bray-Clark Correlation . . . . . 3.3.2 Pedersen Correlation . . . . . . . . . . .
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Compositional thermal model with chemical reactions 4.1 Basic volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Saturations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Mass and molar water density . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Mass and molar liquid density . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Molar and mass gas density . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Molar solid density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Thermodynamic equilibrium condition . . . . . . . 4.10 Phase saturations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11 Water viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Oil viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Gas viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14 Enthalpy and heat capacity of the components . . . 4.15 Enthalpy and internal energy of the phases . . . . . 4.16 Water enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.17 Liquid enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.18 Vaporization enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.19 Gas phase enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.20 Solid phase enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.21 Rock enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22 Default enthalpy values for stars format models . . 4.23 Block internal energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.24 Porosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.25 Pore volume of grid block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.26 Bulk volume of grid block . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4.27 Bulk volume of rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.28 Thermal conductivity of the grid block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.29 Chemical reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30 The heat loss between the reservoir and surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31 Heater simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.1 Heater with constant energy injection rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.2 Heater with energy density dependent injection rate . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.3 Selecting of the heater operating mode depending on the defined properties E300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.4 Temperature difference dependent injection rate . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31.5 Flags of automatic heating or cooling (stars) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.32 Phase flow rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.33 Mass conservation equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.34 Energy conservation equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.35 Phase relative permeabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.35.1 Phase relative permeability for two-phase systems . . . . . . . . . . . 4.35.2 Phase relative permeabilities scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two-point phase relative permeability scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phase relative permeabilities free-point scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.35.3 Phase relative permeabilities for free-phase systems . . . . . . . . . . Linear Beyker’s model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First Stone’s model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Stone’s model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.36 Calculation of the phase composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.36.1 Statement of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.37 Initial conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.37.1 Explicit specification of initial conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.37.2 Calculations of initial conditions from hydrostatic and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Mathematical model 5.1 Space approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Solution algorithm for time step problem . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Time approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Transition from physical model to system of equations . . . 5.5 Model geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.1 Transmissibility calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 LGR – Local Grid Refinement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Well Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7.1 Well Inflow Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7.2 Connection transmissibility calculation (CF and Kh) 5.7.3 Average permeability calculation . . . . . . . . . . 5.7.4 Pressure equivalent radius calculation . . . . . . . . 5.7.5 Mobility calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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143 143 144 146 147 148 148 149 149 149 149 150 150 151 152 152 153 156 159 160 160 161 161 161 162 162 164 166 166 166 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 172 173 174 174
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5.7.6 Average well bore density and connection pressure calculation . . . . 175 5.7.7 Well potential calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 5.8 Modified well model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 5.8.1 Well model with generalized connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 5.8.2 Hydraulic fracture data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 5.8.3 Hydraulic fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 5.8.4 Flow rate along the fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 5.8.5 Calculation of the inflow to the fracture from the grid block . . . . . 181 5.8.6 Total inflow from the hydraulic fracture to the well connection . . . . 182 5.8.7 Description of simulation of large amount of hydraulic fractures . . . 182 5.8.8 Fracture keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 5.8.9 Simulation of plugging of well bottom zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 5.8.10 Simulation of well bottom zone dynamics: processing acids, surfactants 186 5.8.11 Well bottom zone keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 5.9 ASP model description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 5.9.1 Water relative permeability calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 5.9.2 Water viscosity calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 5.9.3 Water viscosity calculations without salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 5.9.4 Capillary pressure in water-oil system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 5.9.5 Water mass density calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 5.10 Drainage matrix calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 5.10.1 Description of Drainage matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 5.10.2 Parameters that affect drainage matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 5.11 Oil and gas in-place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 5.11.1 Resources density and concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 5.11.2 Oil and gas in-place via separators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 5.12 Phase potentials calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 5.13 2D maps for Saturation Ternary Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 5.14 Split and merge of the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 5.14.1 Special features for wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 5.14.2 Splitting a model in the GUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 5.15 Reservoir Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 6
VFP tables generation 6.1 Problem decription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1 Problem decription . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Single Phase Flow Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.1 Friction pressure loss . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.2 Single-Phase Friction Factor (f) . . . . . . 6.2.3 The Single Phase hydrostatic pressure drop 6.3 Multiphase Flow Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.1 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.2 The Griffith Correlation . . . . . . . . . . 6.3.3 Petalas & Aziz correlation . . . . . . . . .
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6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.3.7 6.3.8 7
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Beggs & Brill correlation . . . . . . Orkiszewski method . . . . . . . . . Gray correlation . . . . . . . . . . . Aziz, Govier and Fogarasi correlation Mukherjee & Brill correlation . . . .
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FAQ 7.1 Reasons for the difference in calculation results . . . . . . . 7.2 ”The correct answer” in dynamic modelling . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1 Problem discretization and solution . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2 Influence of the number of cores . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.3 Influence of timestep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4 What can we do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 How to speed-up model calculation without its simplification 7.3.1 Problem statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.2 Flow through the block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.3 Grid connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.4 Grid stratification factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.5 Influence of smoothness of the data . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.6 Influence of end-points match . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.7 Conservation equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.8 VFP tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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tNavigator Console version 270 8.1 License for console tNavigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 8.2 Console version options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
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Data files 9.1 Results of tNavigator calculation . . . . . 9.2 USER folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Log-file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 Loadable file formats. Export file formats 9.4.1 Load Well Data . . . . . . . . . . 9.4.2 Maps. Export . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4.3 Maps. Import . . . . . . . . . . .
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10 Units 11 Input data format 11.1 Input formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 tNavigator format . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Hybrid format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3.1 Restart for hybrid models . . . . 11.3.2 Split and merge of hybrid models
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279 279 281 282 283 283 290 297 299
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301 301 302 303 306 306
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CONTENTS
tNavigator-4.2
11.4 Keywords’ syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 12 Keywords compatible with tNavigator and E100, 12.1 Definition section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.1 RUNSPEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.2 TITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.3 REPORTFILE / REPORTSCREEN . . 12.1.4 TNAVCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.5 AIMCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.6 FLASHCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.7 VELDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.8 TFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.9 RPTRST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.10 OUTSOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.11 UNIFOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.12 MULTOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.13 START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.14 RESTART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.15 RESTARTDATE . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.16 METRIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.17 FIELD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.18 LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.19 LANGUAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.20 BLACKOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.21 DEFINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.22 VDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.23 PREDEFINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.24 OPEN_BASE_MODEL . . . . . . . . 12.1.25 DIMENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.26 TABDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.27 EQLDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.28 ACTDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.29 REGDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.30 VFPIDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.31 VFPPDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.32 GPTDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.33 PIMTDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.34 ROCKCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.35 ROCKDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.36 WELLDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.37 FAULTDIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.38 WSEGDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.39 HEATDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.40 UDQDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS
E300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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308 309 310 311 312 319 323 324 326 328 329 332 333 334 335 336 339 341 342 343 344 345 346 352 353 354 355 356 358 359 360 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 370 371 372 373
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CONTENTS
12.1.41 12.1.42 12.1.43 12.1.44 12.1.45 12.1.46 12.1.47 12.1.48 12.1.49 12.1.50 12.1.51 12.1.52 12.1.53 12.1.54 12.1.55 12.1.56 12.1.57 12.1.58 12.1.59 12.1.60 12.1.61 12.1.62 12.1.63 12.1.64 12.1.65 12.1.66 12.1.67 12.1.68 12.1.69 12.1.70 12.1.71 12.1.72 12.1.73 12.1.74 12.1.75 12.1.76 12.1.77 12.1.78 12.1.79 12.1.80 12.1.81 12.1.82 12.1.83
CONTENTS
tNavigator-4.2
UDQPARAM UDADIMS . UDTDIMS . TRACERS . NONNC . . . SURFACT . SURFACTW POLYMER . ALKALINE . THERMAL . REACTION . OIL . . . . . GAS . . . . . WATER . . . VAPOIL . . . DISGAS . . SOLID . . . BRINE . . . LOWSALT . TEMP . . . . TEMPR . . . API . . . . . ASPHALTE . FOAM . . . MISCIBLE . DIFFUSE . . CART . . . . SATOPTS . . NUMRES . . KVALUES . ISGAS . . . NOMIX . . . INCLUDE . PATHS . . . IMPLICIT . . DUALPORO DUALPERM COAL . . . . GRAVDR . . GRAVDRM . LGR . . . . . VISCD . . . NODPPM . .
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375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418
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CONTENTS
12.1.84 12.1.85 12.1.86 12.1.87 12.1.88 12.1.89 12.1.90 12.1.91 12.1.92 12.1.93 12.1.94 12.1.95 12.1.96 12.1.97 12.1.98 12.1.99 12.1.100 12.1.101 12.1.102 12.1.103 12.1.104 12.1.105 12.1.106 12.1.107 12.1.108 12.1.109 12.1.110 12.1.111 12.1.112 12.1.113 12.1.114 12.1.115 12.1.116 12.1.117 12.1.118 12.1.119 12.1.120
NETWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CO2SOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQLOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GRIDOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FORMOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOSIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GASFIELD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GEOMECH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RFD_WFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIMFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECHO / NOECHO . . . . . . . . . . . FULLIMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IMPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HWELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PETOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PARALLEL / PARAOPTS . . . . . . . NPROCX / NPROCKY . . . . . . . . MESSAGE / MESSAGES / MSGFILE WARN / NOWARN / NOWARNEP . . END . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECINIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECDATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCDPDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LGRCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BIGMODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SKIPSTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LICENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEMORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FMTIN/ FMTSAVE . . . . . . . . . . MULTIN/ MULTSAVE . . . . . . . . MONITOR/ NOMONITO . . . . . . . PSPLITX/ PSPLITY/ PSPLITZ . . . . RPTHMD/ RPTHMG/ RPTHMW . . . RPTISOL/ RPTPROPS/ RPTREGS/ RPTSMRY/ RPTSOL . . . . . . . . . 12.1.121 UNIFIN/ UNIFSAVE . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.122 PVTGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.123 CBMOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1.124 DPCDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Grid section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS
tNavigator-4.2
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419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 444 445 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462
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CONTENTS
12.2.1 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.2.4 12.2.5 12.2.6 12.2.7 12.2.8 12.2.9 12.2.10 12.2.11 12.2.12 12.2.13 12.2.14 12.2.15 12.2.16 12.2.17 12.2.18 12.2.19 12.2.20 12.2.21 12.2.22 12.2.23 12.2.24 12.2.25 12.2.26 12.2.27 12.2.28 12.2.29 12.2.30 12.2.31 12.2.32 12.2.33 12.2.34 12.2.35 12.2.36 12.2.37 12.2.38 12.2.39 12.2.40 12.2.41 12.2.42 12.2.43
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tNavigator-4.2
GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DX / DY / DZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DXV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DYV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DZV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZCORN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADDZCORN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OLDTRAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NEWTRAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERMX / PERMY / PERMZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERMMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULTX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULTX- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULTY- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULTZ- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HMMLTPX / HMMLTPY / HMMLTPZ / HMMLTPXY . HMMULTX / HMMULTY / HMMULTZ / HMMLTXY / HMMULTX- / HMMULTY- / HMMULTZ- . . . . . . . PORO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NTG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DZNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PORV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULTPV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACTNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MINPV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MINPORV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MINPVV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MINDZNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MINROCKV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MINRV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERMAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FAULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULTFLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THPRESFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . USEFLUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DUMPFLUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FLUXREG / FLUXTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DOMAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 463 . . . . . . . 464 . . . . . . . 466 . . . . . . . 467 . . . . . . . 468 . . . . . . . 469 . . . . . . . 470 . . . . . . . 471 . . . . . . . 472 . . . . . . . 473 . . . . . . . 475 . . . . . . . 476 . . . . . . . 477 . . . . . . . 478 . . . . . . . 479 . . . . . . . 480 . . . . . . . 481 . . . . . . . 482 . . . . . . . 484 . . . . . . . 485 . . . . . . . 487 HMMULTPV488 . . . . . . . 489 . . . . . . . 490 . . . . . . . 491 . . . . . . . 492 . . . . . . . 493 . . . . . . . 495 . . . . . . . 497 . . . . . . . 499 . . . . . . . 500 . . . . . . . 501 . . . . . . . 502 . . . . . . . 503 . . . . . . . 504 . . . . . . . 505 . . . . . . . 506 . . . . . . . 508 . . . . . . . 510 . . . . . . . 511 . . . . . . . 512 . . . . . . . 513 . . . . . . . 514
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CONTENTS
12.2.44 12.2.45 12.2.46 12.2.47 12.2.48 12.2.49 12.2.50 12.2.51 12.2.52 12.2.53 12.2.54 12.2.55 12.2.56 12.2.57 12.2.58 12.2.59 12.2.60 12.2.61 12.2.62 12.2.63 12.2.64 12.2.65 12.2.66 12.2.67 12.2.68 12.2.69 12.2.70 12.2.71 12.2.72 12.2.73 12.2.74 12.2.75 12.2.76 12.2.77 12.2.78 12.2.79 12.2.80 12.2.81 12.2.82 12.2.83 12.2.84 12.2.85 12.2.86
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SOLVDIRS . RESVNUM . COORDSYS GDFILE . . . NNC . . . . EDITNNC . NNCGEN . . TRANX . . . TRANY . . . TRANZ . . . PINCH . . . PINCHOUT . PINCHREG . PINCHNUM JFUNC . . . JFUNCR . . JFPERM . . GRIDUNIT . MAPAXES . MAPUNITS LX / LY / LZ DPNUM . . DPGRID . . SIGMA . . . SIGMAV . . LTOSIGMA . SIGMAGD . SIGMAGDV THCONMF . MULTMF . . DZMTRX . . DZMATRIX DZMTRXV . MULTREGT ROCKPROP ROCKCON . ROCKCONT THCGAS . . THCOIL . . THCWATER THCSOLID . THCROCK . SPECGRID .
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515 516 517 519 520 521 523 525 526 527 528 530 531 533 534 536 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 550 552 553 554 555 556 557 559 560 562 564 566 568 570 572 574
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12.2.87 CARFIN . . . . . . . . . 12.2.88 REFINE . . . . . . . . . . 12.2.89 ENDFIN . . . . . . . . . 12.2.90 NXFIN / NYFIN / NZFIN 12.2.91 HXFIN / HYFIN / HZFIN 12.2.92 AMALGAM . . . . . . . 12.2.93 COARSEN . . . . . . . . 12.2.94 GRIDFILE . . . . . . . . 12.2.95 PLMIXNUM . . . . . . . 12.2.96 ROCKDEN . . . . . . . . 12.2.97 IMPORT . . . . . . . . . 12.2.98 VISGRID . . . . . . . . . 12.2.99 DIFFMMF . . . . . . . . 12.2.100 INIT . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2.101 RPTGRID/ RPTGRIDL . 12.2.102 CORNERS . . . . . . . . 12.2.103 DEACDEPT . . . . . . . 12.3 Arithmetic section . . . . . . . . 12.3.1 EDIT . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.2 ARITHMETIC . . . . . . 12.3.3 BOX . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.4 ENDBOX . . . . . . . . . 12.3.5 ARR . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.6 WORK/IWORK . . . . . 12.3.7 IF . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.8 IF-THEN-ELSE-ENDIF . 12.3.9 BLOCK . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.10 STORE . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.11 SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . 12.3.12 INTERPOLATE . . . . . 12.3.13 MULTIPLY . . . . . . . . 12.3.14 MULTIREG . . . . . . . . 12.3.15 MULTREGP . . . . . . . 12.3.16 COPY . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.17 COPYBOX . . . . . . . . 12.3.18 COPYREG . . . . . . . . 12.3.19 EQUALREG . . . . . . . 12.3.20 ADD . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.21 ADDREG . . . . . . . . . 12.3.22 EQUALS . . . . . . . . . 12.3.23 MAXVALUE . . . . . . . 12.3.24 MINVALUE . . . . . . . 12.3.25 OPERATE . . . . . . . .
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575 577 580 581 583 584 585 587 588 589 590 591 593 594 595 596 599 600 601 602 609 610 611 614 615 616 618 620 621 622 631 632 633 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646
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12.3.26 OPERATER . . . . . . . 12.3.27 DEPTH . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Region section . . . . . . . . . 12.4.1 REGIONS . . . . . . . . 12.4.2 PVTNUM . . . . . . . . 12.4.3 SATNUM . . . . . . . . 12.4.4 SURFNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.5 SURFWNUM . . . . . . 12.4.6 LWSLTNUM / LSNUM 12.4.7 IMBNUM . . . . . . . . 12.4.8 MISCNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.9 EQLNUM . . . . . . . . 12.4.10 FIPNUM . . . . . . . . 12.4.11 FIP . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4.12 FIPOWG . . . . . . . . 12.4.13 FIPPATT . . . . . . . . 12.4.14 ROCKNUM . . . . . . 12.4.15 COALNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.16 PMANUM . . . . . . . 12.4.17 ENDNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.18 FLUXNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.19 BNDNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.20 VISCNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.21 EOSNUM . . . . . . . . 12.4.22 OPERNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.23 MULTNUM . . . . . . . 12.4.24 KRNUM . . . . . . . . 12.4.25 KRNUMMF . . . . . . 12.4.26 IMBNUMMF . . . . . . 12.4.27 WH2NUM . . . . . . . 12.4.28 WH3NUM . . . . . . . 12.4.29 ZONES . . . . . . . . . 12.5 PVT Properties . . . . . . . . . 12.5.1 PROPS . . . . . . . . . 12.5.2 PVDO . . . . . . . . . . 12.5.3 PVCDO . . . . . . . . . 12.5.4 PVTO . . . . . . . . . . 12.5.5 PVTW . . . . . . . . . . 12.5.6 PVCO . . . . . . . . . . 12.5.7 PVDG . . . . . . . . . . 12.5.8 PVTG . . . . . . . . . . 12.5.9 PVZG . . . . . . . . . . 12.5.10 STANDO . . . . . . . .
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648 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 660 661 662 663 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 684 685 686 687 688 690 691 693 695 697 699
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12.5.11 STANDG . . . . . 12.5.12 RSCONST . . . . 12.5.13 RSCONSTT . . . 12.5.14 RVCONST . . . . 12.5.15 RVCONSTT . . . 12.5.16 ROCK . . . . . . . 12.5.17 RKTRMDIR . . . 12.5.18 ROCKTAB . . . . 12.5.19 ROCKAXES . . . 12.5.20 ROCKSTRE . . . 12.5.21 ROCKOPTS . . . 12.5.22 OVERBURD . . . 12.5.23 DENSITY . . . . . 12.5.24 GRAVITY . . . . 12.5.25 APIGROUP . . . . 12.6 Relative permeabilities and 12.6.1 SWOF . . . . . . . 12.6.2 SGOF . . . . . . . 12.6.3 COREYWO . . . . 12.6.4 COREYGO . . . . 12.6.5 COREYWG . . . . 12.6.6 COREYWOMOD 12.6.7 COREYGOMOD . 12.6.8 LETWO . . . . . . 12.6.9 LETGO . . . . . . 12.6.10 LETWG . . . . . . 12.6.11 SLGOF . . . . . . 12.6.12 SOF2 . . . . . . . 12.6.13 SWFN . . . . . . . 12.6.14 SGFN . . . . . . . 12.6.15 SOF3 . . . . . . . 12.6.16 SGWFN . . . . . . 12.6.17 SOMWAT . . . . . 12.6.18 SOMGAS . . . . . 12.6.19 TOLCRIT . . . . . 12.6.20 STONE1 . . . . . 12.6.21 STONE2 . . . . . 12.6.22 STONE . . . . . . 12.6.23 STONEPAR . . . . 12.6.24 ENDSCALE . . . 12.6.25 TZONE . . . . . . 12.6.26 SCALECRS . . . . 12.6.27 SWL . . . . . . .
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700 701 702 704 705 707 709 710 712 713 714 716 717 718 719 720 722 725 727 729 731 733 734 735 738 741 744 746 748 750 752 754 756 758 760 761 762 763 764 765 767 768 769
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12.6.28 12.6.29 12.6.30 12.6.31 12.6.32 12.6.33 12.6.34 12.6.35 12.6.36
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SWLPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SGCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOWCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOGCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ISGL, ISGCR, ISGU, ISWL, ISWLPC, ISWCR, ISWU, ISOGCR, ISOWCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.37 SCALELIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.38 ENPTVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.39 ENKRVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.40 ENPCVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.41 ENPTRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.42 KRO, KRORW, KRORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.43 KRW, KRWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.44 KRG, KRGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.45 IKRG, IKRGR, IKRW, IKRWR, IKRO, IKRORW, IKRORG . . . . . 12.6.46 PCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.47 PCG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.48 SWATINIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.49 PPCWMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.50 EHYSTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.51 EHYSTRR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.52 DRAINAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.53 MISCSTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.54 MISCSTRR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.55 MISCEXP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.56 PARACHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.57 STOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.58 STOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6.59 KRSMOOTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Salts and tracers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.1 TRACER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.2 TRACERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.3 TRACEROPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.4 SALTPROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.5 SALTTRM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.6 SALTNODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.7 ESSNODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.8 PLYVISCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7.9 BDENSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS
770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 782 784 785 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 795 796 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 817
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12.7.10 TRMMULTC . . . . . 12.7.11 TRMMULTT . . . . . 12.7.12 TRMTEMP . . . . . . 12.7.13 TRDCY . . . . . . . . 12.7.14 PVTWSALT . . . . . 12.7.15 LSALTFNC . . . . . . 12.8 EOR: Enhanced Oil Recovery 12.8.1 NPROPANTS . . . . . 12.8.2 PROPANTNAMES . . 12.8.3 PROPANTTABLE . . 12.8.4 FLOWFUNC . . . . . 12.8.5 NFLOWFTB . . . . . 12.8.6 FLOWFNAMES . . . 12.8.7 FLOWFTAB . . . . . 12.8.8 SURFADS . . . . . . 12.8.9 SURFST . . . . . . . 12.8.10 SURFVISC . . . . . . 12.8.11 SURFCAPD . . . . . 12.8.12 SURFROCK . . . . . 12.8.13 SURFADDW . . . . . 12.8.14 SURFDW . . . . . . . 12.8.15 SURFSTES . . . . . . 12.8.16 PLYVISC . . . . . . . 12.8.17 PLYADS . . . . . . . 12.8.18 PLYMAX . . . . . . . 12.8.19 PLMIXPAR . . . . . . 12.8.20 PLYROCK . . . . . . 12.8.21 PLYSHEAR . . . . . . 12.8.22 PLYSHLOG . . . . . 12.8.23 ALSURFST . . . . . . 12.8.24 ALSURFAD . . . . . 12.8.25 ALPOLADS . . . . . 12.8.26 ALKADS . . . . . . . 12.8.27 ALKROCK . . . . . . 12.8.28 STVP . . . . . . . . . 12.8.29 WAGHYSTR . . . . . 12.9 Coal Bed Methane properties 12.9.1 DIFFCOAL . . . . . . 12.9.2 LANGMUIR . . . . . 12.9.3 LANGMULT . . . . . 12.9.4 LANGMEXT . . . . . 12.9.5 DIFFCBM . . . . . . 12.9.6 RESORB . . . . . . .
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818 820 821 822 823 824 826 827 828 829 831 833 834 835 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 846 847 848 849 850 851 853 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 863 864 865 866 867 869 870
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12.10Asphaltene properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.10.1 ASPP1P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.10.2 ASPREWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.10.3 ASPP2P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.10.4 ASPPW2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.10.5 ASPFLRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.10.6 ASPVISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.10.7 CATYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11Foam properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11.1 FOAMADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11.2 FOAMOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11.3 FOAMROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11.4 FOAMDCYW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11.5 FOAMDCYO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11.6 FOAMMOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11.7 FOAMMOBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.11.8 FOAMMOBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.12Residual oil properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.12.1 SOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.12.2 SOROPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13Compositional properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.1 Default component properties for compositional model. Part 1 12.13.2 Default component properties for compositional model. Part 2 12.13.3 COMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.4 CNAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.5 EOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.6 EOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.7 RTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.8 STCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.9 WATERTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.10 ZI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.11 COMPVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.12 XMFVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.13 YMFVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.14 ZMFVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.15 NEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.16 KVTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.17 TCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.18 TCRITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.19 PCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.20 PCRITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.21 VCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.22 VCRITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS
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871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 905 906 907 909 910 911 913 914 916 917 919
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12.13.23 VCRITVIS . . . . . . . . 12.13.24 ZCRIT . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.25 ZCRITS . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.26 ZCRITVIS . . . . . . . . 12.13.27 MW . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.28 MWS . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.29 MWW . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.30 ACF . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.31 ACFS . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.32 BIC . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.33 BICS . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.34 OMEGAA / OMEGAB . 12.13.35 OMEGAAS / OMEGABS 12.13.36 LBCCOEF . . . . . . . . 12.13.37 LBCCOEFR . . . . . . . 12.13.38 FACTLI . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.39 LILIM . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.40 PRCORR . . . . . . . . . 12.13.41 SSHIFT . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.42 SSHIFTS . . . . . . . . . 12.13.43 EPSCOMP . . . . . . . . 12.13.44 ENKRVC . . . . . . . . . 12.13.45 ENPCVC . . . . . . . . . 12.13.46 ENPTVC . . . . . . . . . 12.13.47 DIFFCGAS . . . . . . . . 12.13.48 DIFFCOIL . . . . . . . . 12.13.49 VDKRG . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.50 VDKRGC . . . . . . . . . 12.13.51 VDKRO . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.52 PEDERSEN . . . . . . . . 12.13.53 PEDTUNE . . . . . . . . 12.13.54 PEDTUNER . . . . . . . 12.13.55 NCOMPS . . . . . . . . . 12.13.56 DNGL . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13.57 SOLUBILI . . . . . . . . 12.13.58 RSWVD . . . . . . . . . 12.14Thermal properties . . . . . . . . 12.14.1 CVTYPE . . . . . . . . . 12.14.2 WATDENT . . . . . . . . 12.14.3 THANALB . . . . . . . . 12.14.4 KVCR . . . . . . . . . . . 12.14.5 KVCRS . . . . . . . . . . 12.14.6 KVTEMP . . . . . . . . .
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920 921 922 923 924 926 927 928 930 931 933 935 936 937 938 939 940 942 943 944 945 946 948 949 951 952 953 955 956 958 959 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 970 971 973 974
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12.14.7 12.14.8 12.14.9 12.14.10 12.14.11 12.14.12 12.14.13 12.14.14 12.14.15 12.14.16 12.14.17 12.14.18 12.14.19 12.14.20 12.14.21 12.14.22 12.14.23 12.14.24 12.14.25 12.14.26 12.14.27 12.14.28 12.14.29 12.14.30 12.14.31 12.14.32 12.14.33 12.14.34 12.14.35 12.14.36 12.14.37 12.14.38 12.14.39 12.14.40 12.14.41 12.14.42 12.14.43 12.14.44 12.14.45 12.14.46 12.14.47 12.14.48 12.14.49
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KVTABTn . KVTABLIM KVWI . . . . HEATCR . . HEATCRT . HEATTCR . HEATVAP . HEATVAPE . THCONR . . THCONSF . ROCKT . . . THCONT . . THCONMIX STHERMX1 STHERMX2 SDREF . . . SPREF . . . SCREF . . . STREF . . . THERMEX1 THERMEX2 THERMEX3 PREF . . . . PREFT . . . CREF . . . . TREF . . . . TREFT . . . DREF . . . . DREFT . . . ZFACTOR . ZFACT1 . . . VISCREF . . WATVISCT . OILVISCT . OILVISCC . OILVINDX . OILVINDT . GASVISCT . GASVISCF . REACRATE REACACT . REACCORD REACLIMS .
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975 976 978 979 980 981 983 984 985 986 987 989 991 993 995 997 998 999 1000 1001 1003 1005 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1016 1018 1019 1020 1022 1024 1026 1029 1031 1033 1035 1037 1040
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12.14.50 REACCONC 12.14.51 REACPORD 12.14.52 STOPROD . 12.14.53 STOREAC . 12.14.54 REACPHA . 12.14.55 REACSORD 12.14.56 REACENTH 12.14.57 SPECHA . . 12.14.58 SPECHB . . 12.14.59 SPECHC . . 12.14.60 SPECHD . . 12.14.61 SPECHG . . 12.14.62 SPECHH . . 12.14.63 SPECHI . . . 12.14.64 SPECHJ . . . 12.14.65 HEATVAPS . 12.14.66 SPECHS . . 12.14.67 SPECHT . . 12.14.68 TEMPVD . . 12.14.69 ENPTVT . . 12.14.70 ENKRVT . . 12.14.71 ENPCVT . . 12.14.72 ROCKV . . . 12.14.73 THSVC . . . 12.14.74 THWVC . . 12.14.75 SPECROCK 12.14.76 SPECHEAT . 12.14.77 CALVAL . . 12.14.78 CALVALR . 12.15Initialization section 12.15.1 SOLUTION . 12.15.2 EQUIL . . . 12.15.3 RSVD . . . . 12.15.4 PBVD . . . . 12.15.5 RVVD . . . . 12.15.6 PDVD . . . . 12.15.7 THPRES . . 12.15.8 PRESSURE . 12.15.9 PRVD . . . . 12.15.10 SWAT . . . . 12.15.11 SGAS . . . . 12.15.12 SOIL . . . . 12.15.13 SSOLID . . .
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1043 1045 1046 1047 1048 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1080 1081 1083 1085 1086 1087 1089 1090 1092 1094 1096
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CONTENTS
12.15.14 APIVD . . . 12.15.15 OILAPI . . . 12.15.16 SMF . . . . . 12.15.17 XMF . . . . 12.15.18 YMF . . . . 12.15.19 ZMF . . . . . 12.15.20 FIELDSEP . 12.15.21 FIPSEP . . . 12.15.22 GPTABLE . 12.15.23 GPTABLEN 12.15.24 GPTABLE3 . 12.15.25 RECOVERY 12.15.26 TEMPI . . . 12.15.27 RTEMPA . . 12.15.28 RTEMPVD . 12.15.29 WTEMPDEF 12.15.30 PBUB . . . . 12.15.31 RS . . . . . . 12.15.32 RV . . . . . . 12.15.33 PDEW . . . . 12.15.34 DATUM . . . 12.15.35 DATUMR . . 12.15.36 DATUMRX . 12.15.37 TBLK . . . . 12.15.38 TNUM . . . 12.15.39 TVDP . . . . 12.15.40 ROCKSALT 12.15.41 SALT . . . . 12.15.42 SALTVD . . 12.15.43 SRSALT . . 12.15.44 SURF . . . . 12.15.45 SPOLY . . . 12.15.46 GASCONC . 12.15.47 GASSATC . 12.15.48 GASCCMP . 12.15.49 RPTMAPS . 12.15.50 RSW . . . . 12.15.51 SFOAM . . . 12.15.52 SOILR . . . 12.15.53 ROMF . . . . 12.16Inflow from aquifer . 12.16.1 AQUDIMS . 12.16.2 AQUFLUX .
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1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1104 1106 1108 1110 1112 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1121 1123 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1131 1133 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1152
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12.16.3 AQUCHWAT . . . . . . . . 12.16.4 AQUFET . . . . . . . . . . 12.16.5 AQUOPTS . . . . . . . . . 12.16.6 AQUFETP . . . . . . . . . 12.16.7 AQANTRC . . . . . . . . . 12.16.8 AQUCT . . . . . . . . . . . 12.16.9 AQUTAB . . . . . . . . . . 12.16.10 AQUANCON . . . . . . . . 12.16.11 AQUNUM . . . . . . . . . 12.16.12 AQUCON . . . . . . . . . . 12.16.13 AQUGP . . . . . . . . . . . 12.16.14 HMMLCTAQ . . . . . . . . 12.16.15 HMMLFTAQ . . . . . . . . 12.17Data output . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.17.1 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . 12.17.2 RPTMAPD/RPTGRAPHD . 12.17.3 RPTMAPT/RPTGRAPHT . 12.17.4 RPTMAPL/RPTGRAPHL . 12.17.5 RPTONLY . . . . . . . . . 12.17.6 DATE . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.17.7 SEPARATE / RUNSUM . . 12.18Schedule section . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.1 SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . 12.18.2 WELSOMIN . . . . . . . . 12.18.3 WELSPECS . . . . . . . . 12.18.4 WELSPECL . . . . . . . . 12.18.5 WELLSPEC . . . . . . . . 12.18.6 COMPDAT . . . . . . . . . 12.18.7 COMPDATL . . . . . . . . 12.18.8 COMPDATM . . . . . . . . 12.18.9 WELLTRACK . . . . . . . 12.18.10 COMPDATMD . . . . . . . 12.18.11 WELSEGS . . . . . . . . . 12.18.12 WSEGTABL . . . . . . . . 12.18.13 WSEGVALV . . . . . . . . 12.18.14 WSEGAICD . . . . . . . . 12.18.15 WSEGEXSS . . . . . . . . 12.18.16 WSEGFLIM . . . . . . . . 12.18.17 WFRICTN . . . . . . . . . 12.18.18 WFRICTNL . . . . . . . . 12.18.19 WFRICSEG / WFRICSGL . 12.18.20 COMPSEGS . . . . . . . . 12.18.21 COMPSEGL . . . . . . . .
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1153 1155 1157 1159 1161 1162 1164 1165 1167 1169 1172 1174 1175 1176 1177 1189 1191 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1200 1201 1202 1205 1208 1209 1212 1215 1216 1218 1221 1225 1227 1230 1233 1235 1237 1240 1242 1243 1246
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12.18.22 12.18.23 12.18.24 12.18.25 12.18.26 12.18.27 12.18.28 12.18.29 12.18.30 12.18.31 12.18.32 12.18.33 12.18.34 12.18.35 12.18.36 12.18.37 12.18.38 12.18.39 12.18.40 12.18.41 12.18.42 12.18.43 12.18.44 12.18.45 12.18.46 12.18.47 12.18.48 12.18.49 12.18.50 12.18.51 12.18.52 12.18.53 12.18.54 12.18.55 12.18.56 12.18.57 12.18.58 12.18.59 12.18.60 12.18.61 12.18.62 12.18.63 12.18.64
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COMPLUMP COMPLMPL COMPORD . COMPINJK . WLIST . . . WLISTDYN WPIMULT . WPIMULTL WPITAB . . PIMULTAB . COMPRP . . WINJMULT WCONPROD WCONHIST WCONINJE WCONINJ . WCONINJP . WCONINJH WELLINJE . GRUPINJE . WCYCLE . . WELLWAG . WWAG . . . WHISTCTL . WCUTBACK GCUTBACK WBHGLR . . WTMULT . . WTADD . . WELTARG . WELLTARG WELCNTL . GRUPTARG WELPI . . . VFPINJ . . . VFPPROD . VFPCHK . . VFPTABL . WVFPEXP . VFPCORR . WECON . . WECONX . WECONCMF
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1247 1249 1251 1253 1255 1257 1259 1262 1265 1266 1267 1269 1271 1275 1278 1281 1283 1286 1289 1292 1295 1297 1299 1303 1304 1306 1308 1310 1312 1313 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1322 1326 1327 1328 1330 1333 1337 1339
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CONTENTS
12.18.65 WGORPEN . . . . 12.18.66 WELLLIM . . . . 12.18.67 CECON . . . . . . 12.18.68 WECONINJ . . . 12.18.69 WEFAC . . . . . . 12.18.70 GEFAC . . . . . . 12.18.71 WORKTHP . . . . 12.18.72 GCONPROD . . . 12.18.73 GUIDERAT . . . . 12.18.74 WREGROUP . . . 12.18.75 GCONPRI . . . . 12.18.76 GPMAINT . . . . 12.18.77 GPMAINT3 . . . . 12.18.78 PRIORITY . . . . 12.18.79 WELPRI . . . . . 12.18.80 WGRUPCON . . . 12.18.81 GCONINJE . . . . 12.18.82 GCONSUMP . . . 12.18.83 GSATPROD . . . 12.18.84 GSATINJE . . . . 12.18.85 GRUPTREE . . . 12.18.86 DGRDT . . . . . . 12.18.87 BRANPROP . . . 12.18.88 NODEPROP . . . 12.18.89 NCONSUMP . . . 12.18.90 GNETDP . . . . . 12.18.91 GNETINJE . . . . 12.18.92 NETCOMPA . . . 12.18.93 COMPOFF . . . . 12.18.94 NWATREM . . . . 12.18.95 GNETPUMP . . . 12.18.96 GRUPNET . . . . 12.18.97 DRSDT . . . . . . 12.18.98 DRSDTVP . . . . 12.18.99 DRSDTVPE . . . 12.18.100DRVDT . . . . . . 12.18.101COMPENSATION 12.18.102GECON . . . . . . 12.18.103GRUPLIM . . . . 12.18.104WELDRAW . . . 12.18.105DATES . . . . . . 12.18.106TSTEP . . . . . . 12.18.107WELOPEN . . . .
CONTENTS
tNavigator-4.2
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1340 1342 1343 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1353 1356 1358 1361 1363 1366 1368 1370 1372 1375 1376 1378 1380 1381 1382 1384 1387 1388 1390 1392 1395 1396 1398 1399 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1408 1409 1412 1415 1416
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CONTENTS
12.18.108WELOPENL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.109WELLOPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.110CVCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.111MATCORR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.112NETBALAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.113WSEGITER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.114TUNING / TUNINGDP / TUNINGL / TUNINGS 12.18.115TIGHTENP / TSCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.116ZIPPY2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.117NEXTSTEP / NSTACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.118LGRLOCK / LGRFREE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.119RUNCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.120MULTSIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.121MULTSIGV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.122WFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.123WFRACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.124WFRACP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.125WFRACPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.126COMPFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.127COMPFRACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.128WPIFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.129WSKFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.130WBHZONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.131ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.132ACTIONG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.133ACTIONR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.134ACTIONW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.135ACTIONX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.136DELAYACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.137ENDACTIO / ENDACTION . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.138UDQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.139UDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.140ACTIONC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.141WLIMTOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.142SEPVALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.143GSEPCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.144SEPCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.145WSEPCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.146WDFAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.147WDFACCOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.148WTRACER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.149WSURFACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.18.150WALKALIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS
tNavigator-4.2
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1418 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1439 1440 1441 1444 1447 1456 1460 1463 1466 1468 1470 1472 1474 1477 1479 1482 1488 1490 1491 1495 1498 1503 1504 1506 1507 1509 1510 1511 1513 1514 1515
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CONTENTS
12.18.151WPOLYMER 12.18.152WSALT . . . 12.18.153WTEMP . . 12.18.154WHTEMP . . 12.18.155WINJTEMP . 12.18.156WINJWAT . 12.18.157HEATER . . 12.18.158WTEST . . . 12.18.159WELLSTRE 12.18.160COMPMOBI 12.18.161COMPMBIL 12.18.162WINJMIX . . 12.18.163WINJORD . 12.18.164WINJGAS . 12.18.165GINJGAS . . 12.18.166GADVANCE 12.18.167GRUPSALE 12.18.168GCONSALE 12.18.169GRUPFUEL 12.18.170WTAKEGAS 12.18.171WAVAILIM . 12.18.172SWINGFAC 12.18.173GSWINGF . 12.18.174GDCQ . . . . 12.18.175GASYEAR . 12.18.176GASPERIO . 12.18.177DCQDEFN . 12.18.178GDCQECON 12.18.179GASBEGIN . 12.18.180GASEND . . 12.18.181GASMONTH 12.18.182WGASPROD 12.18.183GASFTARG 12.18.184GASFDECR 12.18.185GASFCOMP 12.18.186WVFPDP . . 12.18.187PICOND . . 12.18.188WPAVE . . . 12.18.189WPAVEDEP 12.18.190WRFT . . . . 12.18.191WRFTPLT . 12.18.192SKIP . . . . 12.18.193SKIPREST .
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tNavigator-4.2
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1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1525 1526 1528 1530 1532 1534 1536 1538 1539 1540 1542 1543 1544 1545 1547 1549 1551 1554 1557 1558 1559 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1569 1571 1575 1576 1577 1579 1580
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12.18.194SKIP100 . . 12.18.195SKIP300 . . 12.18.196SKIPTNAV . 12.18.197SKIPOFF . . 12.18.198SKIPON . . 12.18.199ENDSKIP . . 12.18.200DRILPRI . . 12.18.201WDRILPRI . 12.18.202WDRILTIM . 12.18.203QDRILL . . 12.18.204GDRILPOT . 12.18.205WDRILRES 12.18.206WORKLIM . 12.18.207GRUPRIG . 12.18.208NUPCOL . . 12.18.209WELLOPTS 12.18.210GCONTOL . 12.18.211WLIFT . . . 12.18.212PRORDER . 12.18.213LIFTOPT . . 12.18.214GLIFTLIM . 12.18.215GLIFTOPT . 12.18.216WLIFTOPT . 12.18.217OPTIONS . . 12.18.218RECU . . . . 12.18.219USERFILE . 12.18.220COMPVAL . 12.18.221COMPVALL 12.18.222WNETDP . . 12.18.223WELLPROD 12.18.224GRUPPROD 12.18.225WELLCOMP 12.18.226TRANGE . . 12.18.227SCDPTAB . 12.18.228SCDPTRAC 12.18.229SCDATAB . 12.18.230WSCTAB . . 12.18.231WSEGCNTL 12.18.232PSEUPRES . 12.18.233GWRATMUL 12.18.234APILIM . . . 12.18.235AUTOSAVE 12.18.236WELLGR . .
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tNavigator-4.2
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1581 1582 1583 1584 1586 1587 1588 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1598 1599 1600 1601 1604 1606 1607 1608 1609 1611 1614 1616 1617 1618 1620 1621 1624 1626 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638
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12.18.237SLAVES . . 12.18.238GRUPMAST 12.18.239GRUPSLAV 12.18.240CSKIN . . . 12.18.241WFOAM . .
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13 Keywords compatible with tNavigator and IMEX, STARS, GEM 13.1 Data entry system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.1 MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.2 FRACTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.3 CON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.4 IVAR / JVAR / KVAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Input/Output Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.1 TITLE1 / TITLE2 / TITLE3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.2 INUNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 Reservoir description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.1 GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.2 DI / DJ / DK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.3 ZCORN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.4 COORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.5 DUALPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.6 SHAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.7 DIFRAC / DJFRAC / DKFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.8 NULL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.9 POR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.10 PERMI / PERMJ / PERMK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.11 NETGROSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.12 PINCHOUTARRAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.13 VOLMOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.14 NETPAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.15 AQLEAK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.16 AQMETHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.17 AQVISC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.18 AQPROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.19 AQUIFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.20 AQFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.21 DUALPERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.22 CORNERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.23 CROCKTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.24 CTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.25 CCPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.26 CROCKTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.27 TRANSI / TRANSJ / TRANSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.28 TRANLI / TRANLJ / TRANLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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13.3.29 TRANSF . . . . . 13.3.30 FRFRAC . . . . . 13.3.31 FORMINFRAC . . 13.3.32 SECTORARRAY . 13.3.33 DEPTH . . . . . . 13.3.34 DTOP . . . . . . . 13.3.35 PVCUTOFF . . . . 13.3.36 REFINE . . . . . . 13.3.37 SCONNECT . . . 13.4 Other Reservoir Properties 13.4.1 ROCKTYPE . . . 13.4.2 THTYPE . . . . . 13.4.3 ROCKCP . . . . . 13.4.4 PRPOR . . . . . . 13.4.5 CPOR . . . . . . . 13.4.6 CTPOR . . . . . . 13.4.7 CPTPOR . . . . . 13.4.8 THCONR . . . . . 13.4.9 THCONW . . . . 13.4.10 THCONO . . . . . 13.4.11 THCONG . . . . . 13.4.12 THCONS . . . . . 13.4.13 THCONMIX . . . 13.4.14 HLOSST . . . . . 13.4.15 HLOSSTDIFF . . 13.4.16 HLOSSPROP . . . 13.4.17 CPORPD . . . . . 13.4.18 PORMAX . . . . . 13.4.19 PBASE . . . . . . 13.4.20 CPEPAC . . . . . 13.4.21 PDILA . . . . . . 13.4.22 CRD . . . . . . . . 13.4.23 PORRATMAX . . 13.4.24 PPACT . . . . . . 13.4.25 FR . . . . . . . . . 13.4.26 CTD . . . . . . . . 13.4.27 CTPPAC . . . . . 13.4.28 DILATION . . . . 13.5 Component properties . . 13.5.1 K_SURF . . . . . 13.5.2 SURFLASH . . . 13.5.3 MOLVOL . . . . . 13.5.4 MODEL . . . . . .
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13.5.5 13.5.6 13.5.7 13.5.8 13.5.9 13.5.10 13.5.11 13.5.12 13.5.13 13.5.14 13.5.15 13.5.16 13.5.17 13.5.18 13.5.19 13.5.20 13.5.21 13.5.22 13.5.23 13.5.24 13.5.25 13.5.26 13.5.27 13.5.28 13.5.29 13.5.30 13.5.31 13.5.32 13.5.33 13.5.34 13.5.35 13.5.36 13.5.37 13.5.38 13.5.39 13.5.40 13.5.41 13.5.42 13.5.43 13.5.44 13.5.45 13.5.46 13.5.47
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PVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DENSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BWI / CW / REFPW / CVW / VWI PTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COMPNAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TEMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PSURF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TSURF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MOLDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MASSDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOLID_DEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOLID_CP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KVTABLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . KVTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KV1 / KV2 / KV3 / KV4 / KV5 . . CPL1 / CPL2 / CPL3 / CPL4 . . . . CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4 . . . HVAPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HVR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STOREAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STOPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FREQFAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FREQFACP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EACT_TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RENTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RPHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RTEMUPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RTEMLOWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . RXCRITCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . O2PP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VSTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VISCTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VISCOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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13.5.48 VISVC . . . . . . . 13.5.49 VISCOEFF . . . . . 13.5.50 MIXVC . . . . . . . 13.5.51 AVISC . . . . . . . 13.5.52 BVISC . . . . . . . 13.5.53 VISCTABLE . . . . 13.5.54 VSMIXCOMP . . . 13.5.55 VSMIXENDP . . . . 13.5.56 VSMIXFUNC . . . 13.5.57 AVG . . . . . . . . . 13.5.58 BVG . . . . . . . . 13.5.59 CMM . . . . . . . . 13.5.60 GASD-ZCOEF . . . 13.5.61 GASLIQKV . . . . 13.5.62 COT . . . . . . . . . 13.5.63 CO . . . . . . . . . 13.5.64 BOT . . . . . . . . . 13.5.65 CVO . . . . . . . . 13.5.66 VOT . . . . . . . . . 13.5.67 IDEALGAS . . . . . 13.5.68 EOSSET . . . . . . 13.5.69 EOSTYPE . . . . . 13.5.70 BIN . . . . . . . . . 13.5.71 PCHOR . . . . . . . 13.5.72 AC . . . . . . . . . 13.5.73 OMEGA / OMEGB 13.5.74 VSHIFT . . . . . . . 13.5.75 VGUST . . . . . . . 13.5.76 PADSORP . . . . . 13.5.77 PPERM . . . . . . . 13.5.78 PMIX . . . . . . . . 13.5.79 PREFCONC . . . . 13.5.80 PVISC . . . . . . . . 13.5.81 INCOMP . . . . . . 13.6 Rock-Fluid data . . . . . . . 13.6.1 ROCKFLUID . . . . 13.6.2 RPT . . . . . . . . . 13.6.3 SWT . . . . . . . . 13.6.4 SLT . . . . . . . . . 13.6.5 SGT . . . . . . . . . 13.6.6 RTYPE . . . . . . . 13.6.7 KRTYPE . . . . . . 13.6.8 KRTEMTAB . . . .
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13.6.9 13.6.10 13.6.11 13.6.12 13.6.13 13.6.14 13.6.15 13.6.16 13.6.17 13.6.18 13.6.19 13.6.20 13.6.21 13.6.22 13.6.23 13.6.24 13.6.25 13.6.26 13.6.27 13.6.28 13.6.29 13.6.30 13.6.31 13.6.32 13.6.33 13.6.34 13.6.35 13.7 Initial 13.7.1 13.7.2 13.7.3 13.7.4 13.7.5 13.7.6 13.7.7 13.7.8 13.7.9 13.7.10 13.7.11 13.7.12 13.7.13 13.7.14 13.7.15
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SWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSWCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOIRW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSOIRW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SGCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSGCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SOIRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSOIRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SORW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSORW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BSORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KRWIRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BKRWIRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KRGCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BKRGCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KROCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BKROCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BPCGMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCWEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BPCWMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PTHRESHI / PTHRESHJ / PTHRESHK conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INITIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VERTICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWINIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DATUMDEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . INITREGION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REFPRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REFDEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DWOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WOC_SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866
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13.7.16 PRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.17 TEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.18 CONC_SLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.19 MFRAC_OIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.20 MFRAC_GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.21 PBC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.22 SEPARATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 Numerical methods control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8.1 NUMERICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8.2 TFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8.3 ISOTHERMAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8.4 MINTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8.5 MAXTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 Well and recurrent data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.1 HEATR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.2 TMPSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.3 UHTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.4 RUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.5 DATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.6 WELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.7 PRODUCER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.8 INJECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.9 SHUTIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.10 OPERATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.11 ALTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.12 GEOMETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.13 PERF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.14 LAYERXYZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.15 TINJW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.16 QUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.17 WTMULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.18 ON-TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.19 STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.20 HTWELL / HTWRATE / HTWRATEPL / HTWTEMP / HTWI 13.9.21 WELSEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9.22 TRIGGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Keywords compatible with 14.1 INPUt Data Section . . 14.1.1 INPUt . . . . . 14.1.2 TITLe . . . . . 14.1.3 PRINt . . . . . 14.1.4 UNIT . . . . . 14.1.5 IDATe . . . . .
CONTENTS
tNavigator and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1893 1894 1896 1898 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907
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1912 . 1913 . 1914 . 1915 . 1916 . 1917 . 1918
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14.1.6 SDATe . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.7 CNAMe . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.8 IMPLicit . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.9 INCLude . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.10 SCMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.11 DPORo . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.12 EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.13 EPSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.14 DWPW . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.15 OPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.16 ETUNe . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.17 GPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.18 MPGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1.19 RG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 FLUId Data Section . . . . . . . . . 14.2.1 FLUId . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.2 WATR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.3 BASIc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.4 TEMPerature . . . . . . . . . 14.2.5 OPVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.6 GPVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.7 EQUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.8 KVSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.9 KVPX / KVPY / KVPZ . . . 14.2.10 OPVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.11 OMGA . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.12 OMGB . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.13 VOLU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.14 SDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.15 VCOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.16 F(DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.17 INTE (FLUID) . . . . . . . . 14.2.18 PROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2.19 TRAC (FLUI) . . . . . . . . 14.3 RELAtive Permeability Data Section 14.3.1 RELA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3.2 WETT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3.3 KRWO . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3.4 KRGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 GRID Data Section . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.1 GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.2 VERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.3 HORI . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961
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14.4.4 14.4.5 14.4.6 14.4.7 14.4.8 14.4.9 14.4.10 14.4.11 14.4.12 14.4.13 14.4.14 14.4.15 14.4.16 14.4.17 14.4.18 14.4.19 14.4.20 14.4.21 14.4.22 14.4.23 14.4.24 14.4.25 14.4.26 14.4.27 14.4.28 14.4.29 14.4.30 14.4.31 14.4.32 14.4.33 14.4.34 14.4.35 14.4.36 14.4.37 14.4.38 14.4.39 14.4.40 14.4.41 14.4.42 14.4.43 14.4.44 14.4.45 14.4.46
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SIZE . . . . . . . . . . DATUm . . . . . . . . . X-DIrection . . . . . . . Y-DIrection . . . . . . . DEPTh / ZGRI . . . . . THICkness . . . . . . . POROsity . . . . . . . . MINPv . . . . . . . . . K_X / K_Y / K_Z . . . CROC . . . . . . . . . . REFE . . . . . . . . . . ACTN . . . . . . . . . . COORd . . . . . . . . . FIPN . . . . . . . . . . SATNum / ROCK . . . AQCD . . . . . . . . . . AQCO . . . . . . . . . . AQCT . . . . . . . . . . AQFE . . . . . . . . . . AQUW . . . . . . . . . CONS (GRID) . . . . . DEFI . . . . . . . . . . DPSS . . . . . . . . . . FSAT . . . . . . . . . . FSWA . . . . . . . . . . FPVT . . . . . . . . . . PVTN . . . . . . . . . . DZMA . . . . . . . . . EQUI / EQLN . . . . . F(PO . . . . . . . . . . FAUL . . . . . . . . . . FMUL . . . . . . . . . . FCRO . . . . . . . . . . FKX / FKY / FKZ . . . FMLX / FMLY / FMLZ FEQL . . . . . . . . . . FPOR . . . . . . . . . . FREF . . . . . . . . . . IEQ . . . . . . . . . . . INTE (GRID) . . . . . . KPTA . . . . . . . . . . LAYE . . . . . . . . . . LEVJ . . . . . . . . . .
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1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006
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14.4.47 14.4.48 14.4.49 14.4.50
tNavigator-4.2
LGRD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MINDznet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MULX / MULY / MULZ (MX / MY / MZ, M_X / M_Y / / M-Y / M-Z, MULTX / MULTY / MULTZ) . . . . . . . 14.4.51 PINCh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.52 PORV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.53 PVOL / RVOL / PVR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.54 T_X / T_Y / T_Z (TX / TY / TZ, T-X / T-Y / T-Z) . . . 14.4.55 VARI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.56 NNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.57 NTG / NTOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.58 REPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.59 SGCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.60 SGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.61 SGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.62 SOGC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.63 SOWC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.64 SWU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.65 SWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.66 SWCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.67 XKRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.68 XKRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.69 XKRW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.70 XPCG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.71 XPCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.72 YKRW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.73 ZCORn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.74 ZVAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4.75 TSUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 INIT Data Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.1 INIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.2 PBVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.3 RSVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.4 EQUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.5 RVVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.6 CONS (INIT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.7 GOCX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.8 GOCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.9 SEPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 RECUrrent Data Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6.1 RECU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6.2 RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M_Z, M-X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053
38
CONTENTS
14.6.3 14.6.4 14.6.5 14.6.6 14.6.7 14.6.8 14.6.9 14.6.10 14.6.11 14.6.12 14.6.13 14.6.14 14.6.15 14.6.16 14.6.17 14.6.18 14.6.19 14.6.20 14.6.21 14.6.22 14.6.23 14.6.24 14.6.25 14.6.26 14.6.27 14.6.28 14.6.29 14.6.30 14.6.31 14.6.32 14.6.33 14.6.34 14.6.35 14.6.36 14.6.37 14.6.38 14.6.39 14.6.40 14.6.41 14.6.42 14.6.43 14.6.44 14.6.45
CONTENTS
tNavigator-4.2
EFILe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TFIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HFILe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EFORm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HFORm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EUNIts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNIts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SQUEeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PREX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P-RE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WWAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WFRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WFRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOIL / HGAS / HWAT / HLIQ / HRES / HBHP / HTHP TUBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RATI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OPEN (RECU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XFLO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BHPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OPT / WPT / GPT / LPT / VPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OIT / GIT / WIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOPT / GGPT / GWPT / GLPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HWEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2054 2056 2058 2062 2063 2064 2065 2067 2068 2069 2071 2073 2074 2075 2077 2079 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2086 2087 2089 2093 2094 2095 2096 2099 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114
39
CONTENTS
14.6.46 14.6.47 14.6.48 14.6.49 14.6.50 14.6.51 14.6.52 14.6.53 14.6.54 14.6.55 14.6.56 14.6.57 14.6.58 14.6.59 14.6.60 14.6.61 14.6.62 14.6.63 14.6.64 14.6.65 14.6.66 14.6.67
tNavigator-4.2
DATE / READ / TIME GROU . . . . . . . . . . DRAW . . . . . . . . . VREP . . . . . . . . . . RECY . . . . . . . . . . GGRT / GWRT . . . . . CWAG . . . . . . . . . KMOD . . . . . . . . . PARE . . . . . . . . . . PCSH . . . . . . . . . . GVRT . . . . . . . . . . PLIM . . . . . . . . . . CIJK . . . . . . . . . . ARRAy . . . . . . . . . FREQ . . . . . . . . . . DELTa . . . . . . . . . . COMP . . . . . . . . . . BRANch . . . . . . . . TRAC (RECU) . . . . . WGPP . . . . . . . . . . WMPG . . . . . . . . . WRG . . . . . . . . . .
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2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2129 2130 2131 2132 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138
15 Keyword definitions index E100, E300
2139
16 Keyword definitions index IMEX, STARS, GEM
2158
17 Keyword definitions index RFD
2165
18 Keyword definitions index MORE
2169
19 The bibliography
2175
CONTENTS
40
1. Introduction
1
tNavigator-4.2
Introduction
Simulator tNavigator can be used for numerical solution of three phase three (or multi) component filtration problems:
isothermic systems (black-oil or compositional) – section 2;
temperature option, to allow the modeling of the temperature effects of cold water injection – section 2.30;
thermal compositional model with chemical reactions – section 4.
List of supported operating systems: Windows, Linux (32-bit and 64-bit versions). Note. In Windows systems family it is recommended to turn off antivirus on user folder to increase performance. In Windows systems version 8 and above antivirus is turned on by default. Requirements for RAM per core. We have no minimal requirements for RAM per core. Everything depends on model. We use 3kB RAM per active grid block for black-oil models. An example for cluster with the following configuration: Xeon 5650 node, 12 cores, 24Gb.
One node simulation. We can run 24000k/3k=8million active grid blocks. We have run successfully the real model 6.5 million blocks on cluster with this configuration.
MPI-version. Simulation on several nodes. For MPI run maximal size of the model multiplies by number of nodes per run. For the cluster with this configuration we can run model with 12 million active grid blocks using 2 nodes and 23 million active with 4 nodes (there is small overhead for domains overlapping in MPI run so maximal size is less than theoretical maximum).
Simulator uses finite volume approximation on rectangular block centered mesh with respect to space. For approximation with respect to time Fully Implicit method or Adaptive Implicit (AIM) are used. Hydrodynamic simulator tNavigator is recommended for calculation of oil and gas field development plan projects. This User Manual describes physical model, mathematical model and the keywords. The description of tNavigatoruser graphical interface: graphs, maps visualization and editing, model calculation, is in the document User Guide. For best adaptation of user experience the keyword notations are chosen to be close as much as possible to the most common simulators:
1. Introduction
41
1. Introduction
Eclipse (c) Schlumberger,
IMEX, STARS, GEM (c) Computer Modelling Group Ltd,
MORE (c) Roxar.
tNavigator-4.2
tNavigator reads keyword notations of these simulators and converts them into its inner data notations. This User Manual describes all keywords which can be used in tNavigator:
tNavigator keywords;
E100 keywords;
E300 keywords;
CMG IMEX keywords;
CMG STARS keywords;
CMG GEM keywords;
MORE keywords.
In the description of each keyword in the table the boxes are checked corresponding fo model formats in which the keyword can be used. E100, E300 format keywords are red. For example: TABDIMS (see 12.1.26). Index of Eclipse format keywords – 15. IMEX, STARS, GEM format keywords are pink. For example: TEMR (see 13.5.11). Index of CMG format keywords – 16. MORE format keywords are green. For example: IDATe (see 14.1.5). Index of MORE format keywords – 18. The keywords that can be used only in tNavigator are blue. For example: REACCONC (see 12.14.50). Index of RFD format keywords – 17. This description pointed out if there are parameters of the keyword which are ignored by tNavigator or which use is different from other simulators: Eclipse, IMEX, STARS, GEM, MORE). tNavigator simulator is subject to future development. Any feedback is appreciated.
1. Introduction
42
2.1. Differential equations for black-oil model
2
tNavigator-4.2
Physical model
Simulator uses standard three phase three component isothermal black-oil model and compositional model. The description of thermal compositional model with chemical reactions is in the section 4.
2.1
Differential equations for black-oil model
Standard black-oil equations with standard assumptions: k ∂ rP (φ Nc ) = div ∑ xc,P ξP k (∇pP − γP ∇D) + qc , ∂t µP P=O,W,G
c = 1, . . . , nc (2.1)
pO − pG = PcOG , pO − pW = PcOW , SW + SO + SG = 1.
(2.2) (2.3) (2.4)
Here functions:
Nc = Nc (t, x, y, z) (unknown) – c = 1, . . . , nc overall molar density of any component. For black oil model components are water, oil and gas, and Nw = ξW,SC
SW ; BW
No = ξO,SC (
SO SG + RO,G ); BO BG
Ng = ξG,SC (
SG SO + RG,O ) BG BO
SP = SP (t, x, y, z) (unknown) – phase P, P = O, G,W saturation,
RG,O = RG,O (pO ) – solubility of gas component into oil phase (known function) (see 2.16),
RO,G = RO,G (pO ) – vaporisation of oil component into gas phase (known function) (see 2.17),
BP = BP (pP ) – phase formation volume factor (known function) (see 2.9),
φP = φ (pP , x, y, z) – porosity (known functions) (see 2.5),
pW = pW (t, x, y, z) (unknown) – water phase pressure,
pO = pO (t, x, y, z) (unknown) – oil phase pressure,
pG = pG (t, x, y, z) (unknown) – gas phase pressure,
xc,P = xc,P (p, N) (known function) – moles of component c per mole of phase P,
ξP = ξP (p, N) – phase molar density (known function), see section 2.13,
k = k(pW , pO , pG , x, y, z) – permeability tensor (known function) (see 2.4),
2. Physical model
43
2.2. Boundary conditions
tNavigator-4.2
krP = krP (SW , SG ) – phase relative permeability (known function) (see 2.6),
µP = µP (pP ) – phase viscosity (known function) (see 2.8),
γP = ρP g – vertical pressure gradient (known relation),
D = D(x, y, z) – vertical depth vector (up-down oriented) (known coordinate functions),
ρP = ρP (pP ) – phase mass density (known function) (see 2.14),
PcOG = PcOG (SG ) – oil-gas capillary pressure (known function) (see 2.15.1),
PcOW = PcOW (SW ) – oil-water capillary pressure (known function) (see 2.15.2),
qc = qc (p, N,t, x, y, z) – source of component (known function) (see 2.19.1)
and constant(s):
g = const – known constant
The detailed description of transition from physical model to non-linear and then linear equations is written in the section Mathematical model – 5. The keyword RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119) controls the solution algorithms and the parameters of iteration process. Let us define the ways of known data input.
2.2
Boundary conditions
The standard constant pressure (Dirichlet) (2.5)
pP = constP boundary conditions or standard no flow (Neumann) ∂ pP = λP (∇pP − γP ∇D), n = 0 ∂N boundary conditions are used on outer reservoir boundary. Here λP = k
2.2. Boundary conditions
(2.6) krP . BP µP
44
2.6. Phase relative permeability
2.3
tNavigator-4.2
Initial conditions
Initial conditions may either all known values for pP , SP (from previous run of the model) or values for pP , SP may be computed from hydrostatic equilibrium conditions: k rP (2.7) div ∑ xc,P ξP k (∇pP − γP ∇D) = 0 µP P=O,W,G pO − pG = PcOG pO − pW = PcOW SW + SO + SG = 1
(2.8) (2.9) (2.10)
with boundary conditions from 2.2. EQUIL (see 12.15.2) specifies initial values for pP , SP (PRESSURE (see 12.15.8), SGAS (see 12.15.11), SWAT (see 12.15.10), SOIL (see 12.15.12), SWATINIT (see 12.6.48)).
2.4
Permeability tensor
Absolute permeability tensor k = k(pW , pO , pG , x, y, z) is user input data array function defined in all reservoir points. PERMX / PERMY / PERMZ (see 12.2.13) On default dependence of k on pressure is omitted. One can specify this dependence using the keyword ROCKTAB (see 12.5.18).
2.5
Porosity
Porosity φ = φ (p, x, y, z) is user input data function defined in all reservoir points. Usually it is represented in the following form: φ (p, x, y, z) = ψ(x, y, z)φ (x, y, z)(1 + c(p − pref ) + c2 (p − pref )2 /2) where
ψ(x, y, z) – net to gross (user input data array defined in all reservoir points, NTG (see 12.2.25) or DZNET (see 12.2.26))
φ (x, y, z) – porosity at pressure pref (user input data array defined in all reservoir points, PORO (see 12.2.24))
c – compressibility (user input data, ROCK (see 12.5.16) or ROCKTAB (see 12.5.18))
pref – reference pressure (user input data, ROCK (see 12.5.16))
2.6
Phase relative permeability
Calculation of phase relative permeabilities contains the following stages: 1. Permeabilities and capillary pressure are calculated for two-phase systems water–oil and gas–oil.
2.3. Initial conditions
45
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
2. Relative permeabilities (and capillary pressure) scaling for two-phase systems. 3. Oil relative permeability krO is calculated using the first or the second Stone’s model or linear Baker’s model (default model). Phase relative permeability krP = krP (SW , SG ) are defined by experimental data. The usual assumptions are: krW = krW (SW ) krG = krG (SG ) krO = krO (SW , SG )
(2.11) (2.12) (2.13)
User specifies two sets of relative permeabilities function pairs:
krWO = krWO (SW ), krOW = krOW (SW ) – for water-oil two phase system,
krGO = krGO (SG ), krOG = krOG (SG ) – for gas-oil two phase system
(SWOF (see 12.6.1) for first pair, SGOF (see 12.6.2), SLGOF (see 12.6.11) for second pair). These functions may be obtained by laboratory measurements or may be approximated by analytical functions based on the following user input data:
SWC – connate water saturation
SOrW – residual oil saturation to waterflooding
SGr – critical gas saturation
SOrG – residual oil saturation to gasflooding
krW rO – water relative permeability at residual oil and SG = 0
krOcW – oil relative permeability at SWC and SGr
krGcW – gas relative permeability at SWC and SO = 0
nW , nOW , nG , nOG – constant function parameters
2.6. Phase relative permeability
46
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
Then we can define analytical approximations for the listed above functions: 0 nW if SW ≤ SWC SW − SWC krWO (SW ) = otherwise krW rO 1 − SWC − SOrW 0 nOW if 1 − SW − SOrW < 0 1 − SW − SOrW krOW (SW ) = otherwise krOcW 1 − SWC − SOrW 0 nG if SG < SGr S − S krGO (SG ) = G Gr otherwise krGcW 1 − SGr − Swr if 1 − SG − SW c − SOrG < 0 0 1 − SG − SW c − SOrG nOG krOG (SG ) = otherwise krOcW 1 − SW c − SOrG Then we define: (2.14) (2.15)
krW (SW ) = krWO (SW ), krG (SG ) = krGO (SG ).
At present two options for krO calculations are available: first (STONE1 (see 12.6.20)) and second STONE2 (see 12.6.21) Stone models. By default the linear Baker model is used. 2.6.1
Linear Baker model
This model is used in tNavigator as default model (if the following keywords are not specified: STONE1 (see 12.6.20), STONE2 (see 12.6.21)). Let (ε – small parameter): krOG (SG + SW − SW c ) k (S + SW ) rOW G krO (SW , SG ) = SG · krOG (SG + SW − SW c ) + SG + (SW − SW c ) (S − SW c ) · krOW (SG + SW ) + W SG + (SW − SW c ) 2.6.2
SW − SW c < ε SG < ε (2.16)
else
The first Stone’s model
The keyword STONE1 (see 12.6.20) is used to specify this model. Let us define the following constants:
2.6.1. Linear Baker model
47
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
SW c – connate water saturation, which is the minimal admissible value of SW for water-oil two phase system
krOcW = krOW (SW c ) – relative permeability to oil at connate water
SW r – residual water saturation, which is the largest value of SW , where krW (SW ) = krWO (SW ) = 0
SOrW – water saturation at residual oil, which is the largest value of SW , where krOW (SW ) = 0
SOrG – gas saturation at residual oil, which is the largest value of SG , where krOG (SG ) = 0.
The tables that specify minimum oil saturation (that is used in 3-phase model STONE1 (see 12.6.20)), as a function of gas saturation can be entered via SOMWAT (see 12.6.17), SOMGAS (see 12.6.18). Then α(SG ) = 1 −
SG , 1 − SW c − SOrG
Som (SG ) = α(SG )SOrW + (1 − α(SG ))SOrG , SO − Som (SG ) , if SO ≥ Som (SG ) ∗ SO (SO , SG ) = , 1 − SW c − Som (SG ) 0, otherwise ∗ SW (SW , SG )
SW − SW c , if SW ≥ SW c , = 1 − SW c − Som (SG ) 0, otherwise
∗ SG (SG ) =
SG , 1 − SW c − Som (SG )
and krO = krO (SO , SW , SG ) = 2.6.3
∗ (S , S ) SO krOW (SW ) krOG (SG ) O G ∗ ∗ (S ) . krOcW 1 − SW (SW , SG ) 1 − SG G
(2.17)
(2.18)
The second Stone’s model
The keyword STONE2 (see 12.6.21) is used to specify this model. Using the same constants as defined in the previous paragraph:
SW c – connate water saturation, which is the minimal admissible value of SW for water-oil two phase system
2.6.3. The second Stone’s model
48
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
krOcW = krOW (SW c ) – relative permeability to oil at connate water
we get the following expression for oil relative permeability in case of Stone 2: krOG (SG ) krOW (SW ) krO (SO , SW , SG ) = krOcW + krW (SW ) + krG (SG ) krOcW krOcW −krOcW (krW (SW ) + krG (SG )) 2.6.4
(2.19)
End-point scaling, two-point method
Phase permeability scaling. Specification of critical saturation end-points can be done using one of the following ways (they are not compatible by default):
Specification of critical saturation end-points for each grid block (keywords SWL (see 12.6.27), SWCR (see 12.6.30), ..., KRW (see 12.6.43), ...).
Specification of critical saturation end-points as depth function (keywords ENPTVD (see 12.6.38), ENKRVD (see 12.6.39)).
Specification of critical saturation end-points as temperature function (keywords ENPTVT (see 12.14.69), ENKRVT (see 12.14.70)) - only for thermo-compositional model.
Specification of critical saturation end-points as composition function (ENPTVC (see 12.13.46), ENKRVC (see 12.13.44)) - only for compositional model.
Specification of critical saturation end-points as tracer concentration function (salt, surfactant) (keyword can only be used in tNavigator ENPTRC (see 12.6.41)).
Possible combinations can be specified using 5-th parameter of the keyword ENDSCALE (see 12.6.24). The keyword ENDSCALE (see 12.6.24) indicates that end-point scaling of relative permeabilities and capillary pressures will be used. Table end-points can then be entered cell by cell (SWL (see 12.6.27), SWCR (see 12.6.30), SWU (see 12.6.34), KRW (see 12.6.43), PCW (see 12.6.46)) or with respect to depth (ENPTVD (see 12.6.38), ENKRVD (see 12.6.39), ENPCVD (see 12.6.40)). If end-point scaling option is selected (ENDSCALE (see 12.6.24)), saturations and relative permeabilities are renormalized according to formulas below. Saturations scaling First introduce notations
SW , SG are block water and gas saturations,
2.6.4. End-point scaling, two-point method
49
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
SW cr , SGcr are critical water and gas saturations, i.e. maximal water (gas) saturation in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)), for which krW = 0 (krG = 0), If TOLCRIT (see 12.6.19) isn’t specified the critical water saturation SW cr is equal to SW in the last table entry (SWOF (see 12.6.1), SWFN (see 12.6.13)) for krW , for which krW ≤ 1.0 ∗ 10−6 – in e100 models (krW ≤ 1.0 ∗ 10−20 – in e300 models) (finding the last zero relative permeability value while accounting for machine zero). If TOLCRIT (see 12.6.19) is specified, the critical water saturation is equal to SW in the last table entry, for krW ≤ T OLCRIT (analogously SGcr , SOW cr , SOGcr ).
SW max , SGmax are maximal values of water (and gas) saturation in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)),
SWCR (see 12.6.30), SGCR (see 12.6.31) are user defined values of critical water (and gas) saturation in current block,
SWU (see 12.6.34), SGU (see 12.6.35) are user defined values of maximal water (and gas) saturation in current block,
S˜W , S˜G are scaled block water and gas saturations,
krWO , krGO are water and gas relative permeabilities defined by SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)) tables,
krW max (table), krG max (table) are maximum entry of water (gas) relative permeability in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)) table.
(SW − SWCR)(SW max − SW cr ) S˜W = SW cr + SWU − SWCR (S − SGCR)(SGmax − SGcr ) G S˜G = SGcr + SGU − SGCR
(2.20)
The keyword TZONE (see 12.6.25) controls the transition zone option. If the parameter is set – true to a phase, then the critical saturations for that phase will be modified to be the initial immobile saturation in regions where the saturation is below the input critical value. 1. the parameter is set true to oil phase – SOWCR (see 12.6.32) will be modified for oil-water runs or oil-water-miscible gas runs, SOGCR (see 12.6.33) will be modified only for oil-gas runs; 2. the parameter is set true to water phase, SWCR (see 12.6.30) will be modified; 3. the parameter is set true to gas phase, SGCR (see gas-water runs and oil-gas runs.
2.6.4. End-point scaling, two-point method
12.6.31) will be modified for
50
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
Appropriate relative permeabilities are calculated as SW ≤ SWCR 0 krWO (S˜W ) SWCR < SW < SWU krW (SW ) = krW max (table) SW ≥ SWU SG ≤ SGCR 0 krGO (S˜G ) SGCR < SG < SGU krG (SG ) = krG max (table) SG ≥ SGU
(2.21)
(2.22)
Oil relative permeabilities are calculated in analogous way. Relative permeabilities scaling If at least one of the following arrays KRO (see 12.6.42), KRW (see 12.6.43), KRG (see 12.6.44), KRORW (see 12.6.42), KRORG (see 12.6.42), KRWR (see 12.6.43), KRGR (see 12.6.44) is set, relative permeabilities are additionally scaled according to following formulas. Water: If only KRW is set scaled krW (SW ) = krW (SW ) ·
krW
KRW max (table)
(2.23)
If both KRW and KRWR are set SW SR
scaled krW (SW ) = krW (SW ) ·
KRW R krW (SR)
(2.24)
scaled krW (SW ) = KRW R + (2.25) KRW − KRW R + · (krW (SW ) − krW (SR)) krW max (table) − krW (SR)
In 2-point scaling saturations are scaled via points SWCR and SWU. So if KRWR is set, SR is taken as a simply scaled value of the following table value: SR(table) = 1.0 − SOWCR(table) − SGCO(table) 3-phase case SR(table) = 1.0 − SGCR(table) gas-water case
(2.26) (2.27)
Gas: If only KRG is set scaled krG (SG ) = krG (SG ) ·
2.6.4. End-point scaling, two-point method
krG
KRG max (table)
(2.28)
51
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
If both KRG and KRGR are set SG SR
scaled krG (SG ) = krG (SG ) ·
KRGR krG (SR)
scaled (SG ) = KRGR + krG KRG − KRGR + · (krG (SG ) − krG (SR)) krG max (table) − krG (SR)
(2.29) (2.30)
Oil: here “P” stands to water or gas phase If only KRO is set scaled (SP ) = krOP (SP ) · krOP
krOP
KRO max (table)
(2.31)
If both KRO and KRORP are set SP SPCR
2.6.5
scaled krOP (SP ) = krOP (SP ) ·
KRORP krOP (SPCR)
(2.32)
scaled krOP (SP ) = KRORP + KRO − KRORP + · (krOP (SP ) − krOP (SPCR)) krOP max (table) − krOP (SPCR)
End-point scaling, three-point method
If in addition to ENDSCALE (see 12.6.24) three point scaling method for relative permeabilities is selected (SCALECRS (see 12.6.26)), phase permeabilities are recalculated in the following manner. Saturations scaling As for two-point case, first introduce notations
SW , SG are block water and gas saturations,
SW co , SG co are connate water and gas saturations, i.e. minimal water (gas) saturation in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)),
SW cr , SGcr are critical water and gas saturations, i.e. maximal water (gas) saturation in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)), for which krW = 0 (krG = 0),
SOW cr , SOGcr are critical oil-to-water and oil-to-gas saturations, i.e. maximal oil saturation in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)), for which the oil relative permeability is zero: krOW = 0 (krOG = 0),
SW max , SGmax are maximal values of water (and gas) saturation in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)),
2.6.5. End-point scaling, three-point method
52
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
SWL (see 12.6.27), SGL (see 12.6.29) are user defined values of connate water (and gas) saturation in current block,
SWCR (see 12.6.30), SGCR (see 12.6.31) are user defined values of critical water (and gas) saturation in current block,
SOWCR (see 12.6.32), SOGCR (see 12.6.33) are user defined values of critical oil-to-water (and oil-to-gas) saturation in current block,
SWU (see 12.6.34), SGU (see 12.6.35) are user defined values of maximal water (and gas) saturation in current block,
S˜W , S˜G are scaled block water and gas saturations.
1. Water function rescaling Denote
in 3phase systems SR = 1 − SOWCR − SGL, Sr = 1 − SOW cr − SG
in oil-water systems SR = 1 − SOWCR, Sr = 1 − SOW cr
co
Then water saturation is rescaled according to formula ( r −SW cr ) SWCR < SW < SR SW cr + (SW −SWCR)(S SR−SWCR S˜W = (SW −SR)(SW max −Sr ) Sr + SR < SW < SWU SWU−SR
(2.33)
Relative permeability is calculated as in (2.21). 2. Gas function rescaling Denote
in 3phase systems SR = 1 − SOGCR − SW L, Sr = 1 − Sogcr − SW
in gas-water systems SR = 1 − SWCR, Sr = 1 − SW cr
Then gas saturation is rescaled according to formula ( r −SGcr ) SGcr + (SG −SGCR)(S SGCR < SG < SR SR−SGCR ˜ SG = (SG −SR)(SGmax −Sr ) Sr + SR < SG < SGU SGU−SR
co
(2.34)
Relative permeability is calculated as in (2.22). The keyword TZONE (see 12.6.25) controls the transition zone option. If the parameter is set – true to a phase, then the critical saturations for that phase will be modified to be the initial immobile saturation in regions where the saturation is below the input critical value. 1. the parameter is set true to oil phase – SOWCR (see 12.6.32) will be modified for oil-water runs or oil-water-miscible gas runs, SOGCR (see 12.6.33) will be modified only for oil-gas runs;
2.6.5. End-point scaling, three-point method
53
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
2. the parameter is set true to water phase, SWCR (see 12.6.30) will be modified; 3. the parameter is set true to gas phase, SGCR (see gas-water runs and oil-gas runs.
12.6.31) will be modified for
Relative permeabilities scaling If at least one of the following arrays KRO (see 12.6.42), KRW (see 12.6.43), KRG (see 12.6.44), KRORW (see 12.6.42), KRORG (see 12.6.42), KRWR (see 12.6.43), KRGR (see 12.6.44) is set, relative permeabilities are additionally scaled according to formulas, the same as for two-point scaling case, see (2.23) - (2.32). The only difference is that now SR and SPCR are defined properly. 2.6.6
Directional and irreversible RP
Directional and irreversible relative permeabilities can be used if the corresponding options are specified in SATOPTS (see 12.1.68):
DIRECT – directional relative permeabilities. In this case directional saturation tables are used (flow in I, J, K directions uses different tables, the number of tables are specified via KRNUMX (see 12.4.24), KRNUMY (see 12.4.24), KRNUMZ (see 12.4.24)). If DIRECT is used without IRREVERS, then only three tables should be specified, because the same table is used for the flow from I to I-1, and from I to I+1;
IRREVERS – irreversible directional relative permeabilities. Different tables are used for flow direction from I to I-1 or from I to I+1. (in this case DIRECT must also be defined). Six tables should be specified via the keywords KRNUMX (see 12.4.24), KRNUMX- (see 12.4.24), KRNUMY (see 12.4.24), KRNUMY- (see 12.4.24), KRNUMZ (see 12.4.24) and KRNUMZ- (see 12.4.24).
If hysteresis is used (option HYSTER in SATOPTS (see 12.1.68)) then the Directional and irreversible relative permeabilities can be used for imbibition. The following options should be specified in the keyword SATOPTS (see 12.1.68):
DIRECT – directional relative permeabilities. In this case directional saturation tables are used (flow in I, J, K directions uses different tables, the number of tables are specified via IMBNUMX (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMY (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMZ (see 12.4.7)). If DIRECT is used without IRREVERS, then only three tables should be specified, because the same table is used for the flow from I to I-1, and from I to I+1;
IRREVERS – irreversible directional relative permeabilities. Different tables are used for flow direction from I to I-1 or from I to I+1. (in this case DIRECT must also be defined). Six tables should be specified via the keywords IMBNUMX (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMX- (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMY (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMY- (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMZ (see 12.4.7) and IMBNUMZ- (see 12.4.7).
2.6.6. Directional and irreversible RP
54
2.6. Phase relative permeability
2.6.7
tNavigator-4.2
RP at dual porosity runs.
KRNUMMF (see 12.4.25) – This keyword specifies the number of matrix-fracture saturation table regions for each grid block. The keyword can be used for dual porosity runs DUALPORO (see 12.1.76) and dual permeability DUALPERM (see 12.1.77). In accordance with the grid specification for dual porosity models (upper part – the matrix, the lower – fracture) the flow from the fracture to the matrix uses a saturation table for matrix, the flow from the fracture to the matrix uses a saturation table for fracture. IMBNUMMF (see 12.4.26) – This keyword specifies the number of matrix-fracture imbibition regions for each grid block. The keyword can be used for dual porosity runs DUALPORO (see 12.1.76) and dual permeability DUALPERM (see 12.1.77) in case when hysteresis option is used (parameter HYSTER of the keyword SATOPTS (see 12.1.68)). In accordance with the grid specification for dual porosity models (upper part – the matrix, the lower – fracture) the flow from the fracture to the matrix uses an imbibition table for matrix, the flow from the fracture to the matrix uses an imbibition table for fracture.
2.6.8
User-defined relative permeability of the injected phase
For injecting well connections the mobility of the injected phase is varied as the total fluid mobility in the grid block: M(P, j) =
kr (O, j) µ(O, j)
kr (G, j) r (W, j) + kµ(W, j) + µ(G, j)
B(P, j)
where: µ(P, j) – phase P viscosity, B(P, j) – phase P formation volume factor, kr (P, j) – relative phase P permeability. If gas or water is injected into a grid block (which contains oil), this relationship causes wells injectivity to vary until the grid block will be full of injected phase. In real field most of the pressure drop is over a region near the well, and when this region is full of injected phase the injectivity stays constant. In case when this region size is smaller than the grid block size, the calculated injectivity might be incorrect until the whole grid block will be full of injected phase. When the keyword COMPINJK (see 12.18.25) is used the well injects the fluid whose mobility is different from mobility of the fluid initially in the block, and grid blocks (containing the well) are large. Injected phase mobility: kr (P, ∗) M(P, j) = µ(P, j)B(P, j) where:
2.6.7. RP at dual porosity runs.
55
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
kr (P, ∗) – relative permeability of the injected phase (a constant value specified via the keyword COMPINJK (see 12.18.25)) (relative permeability in the region that is full of injected phase);
relative permeabilities of other phases are zero.
2.6.9
Corey correlation
The keywords COREYWO (see 12.6.3), COREYGO (see 12.6.4) and COREYWG (see 12.6.5) approximate relative permeability and capillary pressure functions for water-oil, gas-oil and water-gas systems using formulas below. Note. In tNavigator there is a possibility to use Corey (LET) correlation only for RP and define capillary pressure via table (in this case one should enter 0 in parameter 12 (power) of the keyword COREYWO, COREYGO (LETWO, LETGO) and define tables SWOF, SGOF or other. Values for capillary pressure will be taken from tables and RP will be calculated using Corey (LET) correlation. Keyword COREYWO (see 12.6.3) (The picture of relative permeabilities for water-oil system with points – 1): Denote: SW n = SW n (SW ) =
SW − SWCR 1 − SWCR − SOWCR − SGL
WCR −SW krORW + (krOLW − krORW ) SSWCR −SW L krOW (SW ) = krORW (1 − SW n )nOW 0
SW L ≤ SW < SWCR SWCR ≤ SW ≤ 1 − SOWCR − SGL 1 − SOWCR − SGL < SW ≤ SWU
0 krW (SW ) = krW R (SW n )NW SWU −SW k rWU − (krWU − krW R ) SOWCR +SGL +SWU −1
pcOW (SW ) =
p 0
cOW (SWCR )
h
(2.35)
i S pcO −SW N p S pcO −SWCR
SW L ≤ SW < SWCR SWCR ≤ SW ≤ 1 − SOWCR − SGL 1 − SOWCR − SGL < SW ≤ SWU (2.36) SW L ≤ SW ≤ S pcO
(2.37)
S pcO < SW ≤ SWU
Modified formulas for RP approximation (the keyword COREYWOMOD (see 12.6.6)):
2.6.9. Corey correlation
56
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 1: Relative permeabilities for water-oil system
Denote: SW n = SW n (SW ) =
SW − SWCR 1 − SWCR − SGL
(for krW calculation) SW n = SW n (SW ) =
SW − SWCR 1 − SWCR − SOWCR − SGL
(for krOW calculation) WCR −SW krORW + (krOLW − krORW ) SSWCR −SW L krOW (SW ) = krORW (1 − SW n )nOW 0
2.6.9. Corey correlation
SW L ≤ SW < SWCR SWCR ≤ SW ≤ 1 − SOWCR − SGL
(2.38)
1 − SOWCR − SGL < SW ≤ SWU
57
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
0 krW (SW ) = krW R (SW n )NW SWU −SW k rWU − (krWU − krW R ) SGL +SWU −1
pcOW (SW ) =
p
cOW (SWCR )
0
h
SW L ≤ SW < SWCR SWCR ≤ SW ≤ 1 − SGL
(2.39)
1 − SGL < SW ≤ SWU
i S pcO −SW N p S pcO −SWCR
SW L ≤ SW ≤ S pcO
(2.40)
S pcO < SW ≤ SWU
Keyword COREYGO (see 12.6.4) (The picture of relative permeabilities for gas-oil system with points – 2):
Figure 2: Relative permeabilities for gas-oil system
Denote: SGn = SGn (SG ) =
2.6.9. Corey correlation
SG − SGCR 1 − SGCR − SOGCR − SW L 58
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
GCR −SG krORG + (krOLG − krORG ) SSGCR −SGL krOG (SG ) = krORG (1 − SGn )nOG 0 0 krG (SG ) = krGR (SGn )NG SGU −SG k rGU − (krGU − krGR ) SOGCR +SW L +SGU −1
pcOG (SG ) =
SGL ≤ SG < SGCR SGCR ≤ SG ≤ 1 − SOGCR − SW L
(2.41)
1 − SOGCR − SW L < SG ≤ SGU
SGL ≤ SG < SGCR SGCR ≤ SG ≤ 1 − SOGCR − SW L (2.42) 1 − SOGCR − SW L < SG ≤ SGU
0
SGL ≤ SG < S pcG
pcOG (1 − SOGCR − SW L )
h
SG −S pcG 1−S pcG −SOGCR −SW L
iNpG
S pcG ≤ SG ≤ SGU
(2.43)
Modified formulas for RP approximation (the keyword COREYGOMOD (see 12.6.7)): Denote: SG − SGCR SGn = SGn (SG ) = 1 − SGCR − SW L (for krG calculation) SGn = SGn (SG ) =
SG − SGCR 1 − SGCR − SOGCR − SW L
(for krOG calculation) GCR −SG krORG + (krOLG − krORG ) SSGCR −SGL krOG (SG ) = krORG (1 − SGn )nOG 0
SGL ≤ SG < SGCR SGCR ≤ SG ≤ 1 − SOGCR − SW L 1 − SOGCR − SW L < SG ≤ SGU
0 krG (SG ) = krGR (SGn )NG SGU −SG k rGU − (krGU − krGR ) SW L +SGU −1
pcOG (SG ) =
SGL ≤ SG < SGCR SGCR ≤ SG ≤ 1 − SW L
2.6.9. Corey correlation
(2.45)
1 − SW L < SG ≤ SGU
0 pcOG (1 − SOGCR − SW L )
(2.44)
SGL ≤ SG < S pcG h
SG −S pcG 1−S pcG −SOGCR −SW L
iNpG
S pcG ≤ SG ≤ SGU
(2.46)
59
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 3: Relative permeabilities for water-gas system
Keyword COREYWG (see 12.6.5) (The picture of relative permeabilities for water-gas system – 3): Denote: SGn = SGn (SG ) =
SG − SGCR , 1 − SWCR − SGCR
SW n = SW n (SW ) =
SW − SWCR . 1 − SWCR − SGCR
Then: 0 krW (SW ) = krW R (SW n )NW SWU −SW k rWU − (krWU − krW R ) SOWCR +SGL +SWU −1
2.6.9. Corey correlation
SW L ≤ SW < SWCR SWCR ≤ SW ≤ 1 − SGCR
(2.47)
1 − SGCR < SW ≤ SWU
60
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
0 krG (SG ) = krGR (SGn )NG SGU −SG k rGU − (krGU − krGR ) SOGCR +SW L +SGU −1 pcW G (SW ) =
p
cW G (SWCR )
h
i S pcO −SW N p S pcO −SWCR
SGCR ≤ SG ≤ 1 − SWCR
(2.48)
1 − SWCR < SG ≤ SGU SW L ≤ SW ≤ S pcO
(2.49)
S pcO < SW ≤ SWU
0 2.6.10
SGL ≤ SG < SGCR
LET correlation
The keywords LETWO (see 12.6.8), LETGO (see 12.6.9) and LETWG (see 12.6.10) approximates relative permeability for water-oil, gas-oil and water-gas systems using formulas below. Note. In tNavigator there is a possibility to use Corey (LET) correlation only for RP and define capillary pressure via table (in this case one should enter 0 in parameter 12 (power) of the keyword COREYWO, COREYGO (LETWO, LETGO) and define tables SWOF, SGOF or other. Values for capillary pressure will be taken from tables and RP will be calculated using Corey (LET) correlation. For water-oil system (keyword LETWO (see 12.6.8)) (the picture – 4): Denote: SW n = SW n (SW ) =
krOW (SW ) =
krW (SW ) =
SW − SWCR 1 − SWCR − SOWCR − SGL
WCR −SW krORW + (krOLW − krORW ) SSWCR −SW L n krORW (1−SW n )
(1−SW n 0
)nOW +E
OW TO O SW n
SW L ≤ SW < SWCR SWCR ≤ SW ≤ 1 − SOWCR − SGL 1 − SOWCR − SGL < SW ≤ SWU
0
N krW R SWWn NW SW n +EW (1−SW n )TW
(2.50)
SW L ≤ SW < SWCR SWCR ≤ SW ≤ 1 − SOWCR − SGL
WU −SW krWU − (krWU − krW R ) SOWCRS+S GL +SWU −1
1 − SOWCR − SGL < SW ≤ SWU (2.51) Formulas for capillary pressure are the same as in section Corey correlation 2.6.9. Description of parameters:
N describes the lower part of the curve (the same way as N in Corey correlation).
2.6.10. LET correlation
61
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 4: LET correlation for water-oil system
T describes the upper part (or the top part) of the curve.
E describes the position of the slope (or the elevation) of the curve. E = 1 is a neutral value, the position of the slope is governed by N and T . Increasing E value pushes the slope towards the high end of the curve. Decreasing E value pushes the slope towards the lower end of the curve.
The reasonable ranges for the parameters N , E , and T are: N ≥ 1, E > 0 and T ≥ 0.5. For the gas-oil system (keyword LETGO (see 12.6.9)) (the picture – 5): Denote: SGn = SGn (SG ) =
krOG (SG ) =
SG − SGCR 1 − SGCR − SOGCR − SW L
GCR −SG krORG + (krOLG − krORG ) SSGCR −SGL n krORG (1−SGn )
OG
TG (1−SGn )nOG +EG SGn
0
2.6.10. LET correlation
SGL ≤ SG < SGCR SGCR ≤ SG ≤ 1 − SOGCR − SW L
(2.52)
1 − SOGCR − SW L < SG ≤ SGU
62
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 5: LET correlation for gas-oil system
krG (SG ) =
0
SGL ≤ SG < SGCR N
krGR SGnG
N S G +EG (1−SGn )TG Gn GU −SG krGU − (krGU − krGR ) SOGCR S+S W L +SGU −1
SGCR ≤ SG ≤ 1 − SOGCR − SW L (2.53) 1 − SOGCR − SW L < SG ≤ SGU
For the water-gas systems (keyword LETWG (see 12.6.10)) (picture – 6): Denote: SW − SWCR 1 − SWCR − SOWCR − SGL SG − SGCR SGn = SGn (SG ) = 1 − SGCR − SOGCR − SW L
SW n = SW n (SW ) =
Then:
2.6.10. LET correlation
63
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 6: LET correlation for water-gas system
krG (SG ) =
0
N krGR SGnG NG SGn +EG (1−SGn )TG
GU −SG krGU − (krGU − krGR ) SOGCR S+S W L +SGU −1
krW (SW ) =
0
N krW R SWWn NW SW n +EW (1−SW n )TW
WU −SW krWU − (krWU − krW R ) SOWCRS+S GL +SWU −1
SGL ≤ SG < SGCR SGCR ≤ SG ≤ 1 − SWCR
(2.54)
1 − SWCR < SG ≤ SGU SW L ≤ SW < SWCR SWCR ≤ SW ≤ 1 − SSGCR
(2.55)
1 − SSGCR < SW ≤ SWU
Formulas for capillary pressure are the same as in section Corey correlation 2.6.9. 2.6.11
Hysteresis
Hysteresis option allows to specify different saturation functions for drainage (decreasing wetting phase saturation) and imbibition (increasing wetting phase saturation) processes. Hysteresis option is specified via keyword SATOPTS (see 12.1.68) (parameter HYSTER).
2.6.11. Hysteresis
64
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
For each grid block two saturation function table numbers should be specified: 1. SATNUM (see 12.4.3) – specifies the table number of primary drainage curve; 2. IMBNUM (see 12.4.7) – specifies the table number of pendular imbibition curve. If these table numbers are equal for the block, there will be no hysteresis in this block. If these table numbers are different, hysteresis will be applied according to the model specified via the keyword EHYSTR (see 12.6.50). tNavigator supports the following water wet hysteresis models:
0 – Carlson’s Hysteresis Model used for the non-wetting phase(s), drainage (SATNUM (see 12.4.3)) curve used for the wetting phase.
1 – Carlson’s Hysteresis Model used for the non-wetting phase(s), imbibition (IMBNUM (see 12.4.7)) curve used for the wetting phase.
2 – Killough’s Hysteresis Model used for the non-wetting phase(s), drainage (SATNUM (see 12.4.3)) curve used for the wetting phase.
3 – Killough’s Hysteresis Model used for the non-wetting phase(s), imbibition (IMBNUM (see 12.4.7)) curve used for the wetting phase.
4 – Killough’s hysteresis model used for both wetting and non-wetting phases.
5 – Carlson’s non-wetting model for gas and water phases, drainage (SATNUM (see 12.4.3)) curve used for the wetting phase.
6 – Killough’s non-wetting model for the gas and water phases, drainage (SATNUM (see 12.4.3)) curve used for the wetting phase.
7 – Killough’s Hysteresis Model used for the non-wetting gas and water phases and the wetting oil phase.
8 – Jargon’s Hysteresis Model used for the non-wetting phase, drainage (SATNUM (see 12.4.3)) curve used for the wetting phase.
9 – Jargon’s Hysteresis Model used for the non-wetting phase, imbibition (IMBNUM (see 12.4.7)) curve used for the wetting phase.
-1 – Only equilibration option. If this option is used then the model is equilibrated using the drainage curve (SATNUM (see 12.4.3)) but the simulation uses the imbibition curve (IMBNUM (see 12.4.7)).
Hysteresis curvature parameters for saturation regions (SATNUM (see 12.4.3)) can be set via the keyword EHYSTRR (see 12.6.51). If hysteresis is used (option HYSTER in SATOPTS (see 12.1.68)) then the Directional and irreversible relative permeabilities can be used for imbibition. The following options should be specified in the keyword SATOPTS (see 12.1.68):
2.6.11. Hysteresis
65
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
DIRECT – directional relative permeabilities. In this case directional saturation tables are used (flow in I, J, K directions uses different tables, the number of tables are specified via IMBNUMX (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMY (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMZ (see 12.4.7)). If DIRECT is used without IRREVERS, then only three tables should be specified, because the same table is used for the flow from I to I-1, and from I to I+1;
IRREVERS – irreversible directional relative permeabilities. Different tables are used for flow direction from I to I-1 ot from I to I+1. (in this case DIRECT must also be defined). Six tables should be specified via the keywords IMBNUMX (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMX- (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMY (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMY- (see 12.4.7), IMBNUMZ (see 12.4.7) and IMBNUMZ- (see 12.4.7).
End-points scaling for hysteresis option. Relative permeabilities and saturations end-points should be specified separately for drainage and imbibition process. For imbibition process RP end-points:
IKRG – maximal gas relative permeability (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword KRG (see 12.6.44));
IKRGR – gas relative permeability at the residual oil (of residual water in gas-water system) (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword KRGR (see 12.6.44));
IKRW – maximal water relative permeability (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword KRW (see 12.6.43));
IKRWR – water relative permeability at the residual oil (of residual gas in gas-water system) (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword KRWR (see 12.6.43));
IKRO – maximal oil relative permeability (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword KRO (see 12.6.42));
IKRORG – oil relative permeability at the critical gas saturation (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword KRORG (see 12.6.42));
IKRORW – oil relative permeability at the critical water saturation (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword KRORW (see 12.6.42)).
For imbibition process saturations end-points:
ISGL (see 12.6.36) – minimal (connate) gas saturation (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SGL (see 12.6.29));
ISGCR (see 12.6.36) – critical gas saturation (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SGCR (see 12.6.31));
2.6.11. Hysteresis
66
2.6. Phase relative permeability
tNavigator-4.2
ISGU (see 12.6.36) – maximal gas saturation (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SGU (see 12.6.35));
ISWL (see 12.6.36) – minimal (connate) water saturation (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SWL (see 12.6.27));
ISWLPC (see 12.6.36) – minimal (connate) water saturation for capillary pressure Pc curve scaling only (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SWLPC (see 12.6.28));
ISWCR (see 12.6.36) – critical water saturation (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SWCR (see 12.6.30));
ISWU (see 12.6.36) – maximal water saturation (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SWU (see 12.6.34));
ISOGCR (see 12.6.36) – critical oil saturation in oil-gas system (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SOGCR (see 12.6.33));
ISOWCR (see 12.6.36) – critical oil saturation in oil-water system (for drainage process this value is specified via the keyword SOWCR (see 12.6.32)).
Drainage option (DRAINAGE (see 12.6.52)) can be used in hysteresis – K r values obtained in the hysteresis option should lie on or below drainage curve. 2.6.12
Surface tension effects
To take into account a surface tension effect the following keywords can be used:
MISCIBLE (see 12.1.65) – enables an option of surface tension effect on properties;
MISCNUM (see 12.4.8) – specifies miscibility region number for each grid block;
MISCSTR (see 12.6.53) – specifies reference surface tension (one should use the keyword MISCSTRR (see 12.6.54) to set the miscibility reference surface tension for each saturation region);
MISCEXP (see tension ratio);
PARACHOR (see 12.6.56) – specifies component parachors.
12.6.55) – specifies miscibility exponent (exponent of the surface
Interpolation factor that is used in miscibility: F =(
σ N ) σ0
σ0 – reference surface tension (specified via MISCSTR (see 12.6.53)). N – an exponent (specified via MISCEXP (see 12.6.55)).
2.6.12. Surface tension effects
67
2.7. Equation of state
tNavigator-4.2
F is used to calculate a weighted average of miscible and immiscible hydrocarbon relative permeabilities : immiscibility miscibility Kro = FKro + (1 − F)Kro Reference surface tension, specified via this keyword – the surface tension at which the immiscible relative permeability curves are measured.
2.7
Equation of state
In case of compositional run oil and gas properties are calculated from equation of state (EOS (see 12.13.5)): Z 3 + E2 Z 2 + E1 Z + E0 = 0
(2.56)
Maximal positive root of equation (2.56) is equal to vapor Z-factor (correspondingly, minimal positive root for liquid phase Z-factor). Equation (2.56) coefficients are calculated as follows. For every component (CNAMES (see 12.13.4)) user defines
Tci - component i critical temperature, TCRIT (see 12.13.17),
pci - component i critical pressure, PCRIT (see 12.13.19),
ωi - component i acentric factor, ACF (see 12.13.30),
ci j - binary interaction coefficients, BIC (see 12.13.32).
Next, coefficients m1 , m2 , Ωa0 , Ωb are taken from table according to equation of state type: EOS RK SRK PR
m1 0 0 √ 1+ 2
m2 1 1 √ 1− 2
Ωa0 0.4274802 0.4274802 0.457235529
Ωb 0.08664035 0.08664035 0.07796074
Then basing on current temperature and pressure p, T reduced values are calculated for each component: pri = p/pci ,
Tri = T /Tci .
(2.57)
Depending on EOS type, Ωa is taken as:
RK Ωa (T, i) = Ωa0 Tri−0.5
2.7. Equation of state
(2.58)
68
2.8. Phase viscosity
tNavigator-4.2
SRK 2 Ωa (T, i) = Ωa0 1 + (0.48 + 1.574ωi − 0.176ωi2 )(1 − Tri0.5 )
(2.59)
2 Ωa (T, i) = Ωa0 1 + (0.37464 + 1.54226ωi − 0.26992ωi2 )(1 − Tri0.5 )
(2.60)
PR
Next, the simulator calculates pri Ai = Ωa (T, i) 2 , Tri
Bi = Ωb
pri , Tri
A jk = (1 − c jk )(A j Ak )0.5 .
(2.61)
Now EOS coefficients can be calculated: n
N
A = ∑ ∑ y j yk A jk ,
N
B = ∑ y jB j
j=1 k=1
(2.62)
j=1
E2 = (m1 + m2 − 1)B − 1, E1 = A − (2(m1 + m2 ) − 1)B2 − (m1 + m2 )B, E0 = − AB + m1 m2 B2 (B + 1)
2.8
(2.63)
Phase viscosity
Black oil: Phase viscosity µP = µP (pP ) is user specified function. For oil and gas phases it is specified in a number of points pP and is interpolated for other points (PVDO (see 12.5.2), PVTO (see 12.5.4), PVCDO (see 12.5.3), PVCO (see 12.5.6) for oil phase and PVDG (see 12.5.7), PVTG (see 12.5.8), PVZG (see 12.5.9) for gas phase). For water phase it is specified in a single point accompanied by pressure derivative (PVTW (see 12.5.5)). In case of absence of laboratory measurements the approximations obtained from PVT properties by correlation analysis may be used (Standing correlations – 2.11, 2.12). Compositional: For water phase viscosity is constant (PVTW (see 12.5.5)). For hydrocarbon phases we use Lohrenz-Bray-Clark correlation 1/4 2 3 4 + a5 ξrP (2.64) = a1 + a2 ξrP + a3 ξrP + a4 ξrP (µP − µP∗ )χ + 10−4 Here ξrP = ξP /ξc , coefficients ai are equal to a1 = 0.1023000, a2 = 0.0233640, a3 = 0.0585330, a4 = −0.0407580, a5 = 0.0093324.
(2.65)
and N
χ=
∑ ziTci
i=1
2.8. Phase viscosity
!1/6
N
∑ ziMwi
i=1
!−1/2
N
∑ zi pci
!−2/3 .
(2.66)
i=1
69
2.10. API tracking
tNavigator-4.2
Critical temperatures Tci (TCRIT (see 12.13.17)), critical pressures pci (PCRIT (see 12.13.19)) and molecular weights Mwi (MW (see 12.13.27), MWW (see 12.13.29)) are user defined. Phase molar density is ξP is defined in 2.13. Critical density ξc could be found from user entered critical volumes Vci , VCRIT (see 12.13.21): !−1 N
ξc =
(2.67)
.
∑ ziVci
i=1
Dilute gas mixture viscosity µ ∗ is calculated from ! µ∗ =
N
∑
N
1/2 zi µi∗ Mwi
∑
!−1
1/2 zi Mwi
.
(2.68)
i=1
i=1
where dilute gas viscosities for individual component i, µi∗ , are defined as ( 34 × 10−5 Tri0.94 /χi , Tri ≤ 1.5 ∗ µi = 17.78 × 10−5 (4.58Tri − 1.67)0.625 /χi , Tri > 1.5
(2.69)
and 1/6
−1/2 −2/3 pci .
χi = Tci Mwi
2.9
(2.70)
Phase formation volume factor
Phase formation volume factor BP = BP (pP ) is user specified function. For oil and gas phases it is specified in a number of points pP and is interpolated for other points (PVDO (see 12.5.2),PVTO (see 12.5.4), PVCDO (see 12.5.3), PVCO (see 12.5.6) for oil phase and PVDG (see 12.5.7), PVTG (see 12.5.8), PVZG (see 12.5.9) for gas phase). For water phase it is a single point accompanied by pressure derivative (compressibility) (PVTW (see 12.5.5)). In case of absence of laboratory measurements the approximations obtained from PVT properties by correlation analysis may be used (Standing correlations – 2.11, 2.12).
2.10
API tracking
This option gives a possibility to simulate the mixing of different types of oil, with different surface densities and PVT properties. In this case PVT tables, that specify oil properties are selected at each time step corresponding to average oil API density in this grid block. Supported keywords:
Option is enable if the keyword API (see 12.1.62) is used.
2.9. Phase formation volume factor
70
2.11. Oil Standing’s correlations
tNavigator-4.2
PVT properties are specified via ordinary keywords (PVTO (see 12.5.4), PVCO (see 12.5.6), etc).
The values of oil API gravity is specified via the keyword GRAVITY (see 12.5.24) (or is calculated from the density specified in DENSITY (see 12.5.23)).
Maximum number of oil PVT tables groups if an option API tracking is enable – APIGROUP (see 12.5.25).
APIVD (see 12.15.14) specifies tables of oil API density versus depth for each equilibrium region.
OILAPI (see 12.15.15) specifies initial oil API values in each grid block (when initial conditions are set via enumeration via the keywords SWAT (see 12.15.10), PRESSURE (see 12.15.8) etc.).
Fully implicit method is used for API calculation by default. It can be changed to explicit via the keyword TRACEROPTS (see 12.7.3).
2.11
Oil Standing’s correlations
Bubble-Point Pressure (1981, [7, p. 87], [8, p. 8-9]): pb = 1.2548[(
Rsb )0.83 · 10(0.00091(9/5·(T +273.5)−459.67)−0.0125API) − 1.4] 0.1781 · γG
(2.71)
Solution Gas-Oil-Ratio (GOR) (1981, [7, p. 78-79], [8, p. 8-9]): Rs = 0.1781 · γG [(0.7971 · p + 1.4) · 10(0.0125API−0.00091(9/5·(T +273.5)−459.67)) ]1.2048
(2.72)
where API =
141.5 − 131.5 γO
Parameters:
pb – bubble-point pressure (barsa);
p – system pressure (barsa);
Rs – gas solubility (sm3 /sm3 );
Rsb – gas solubility at bubble point (sm3 /sm3 );
T – system temperature ( ◦C );
γG – solution gas specific gravity (is taken from the keyword GRAVITY (see 12.5.24) or is calculated from the keyword DENSITY (see 12.5.23));
2.11. Oil Standing’s correlations
71
2.11. Oil Standing’s correlations
tNavigator-4.2
γO – specific gravity of the stock-tank oil (is taken from the keyword GRAVITY (see 12.5.24) or is calculated from the keyword DENSITY (see 12.5.23)).
Standing’s correlation should be used with caution if nonhydrocarbon components are known to be present in the system. It should be noted that Standing’s equation is valid for applications at and below the bubble-point pressure of the crude oil. 2.11.1
2-phase water-oil model. Dead Oil
The case where options WATER (see 12.1.54) and OIL (see 12.1.52) are used. Viscosity Of The Dead Oil ([7, p. 116]). µOd – viscosity of the dead oil as measured at 1 bar (14.7 psia) and reservoir temperature (cp) is calculated the following way: a 360 1.8 × 107 (2.73) µOd = 0.32 + 9/5 · (T + 273.5) − 260 API4.53 with a = 10(0.43+8.33/API) 2.11.2
3-phase model. Dead Oil
The case where options WATER (see 12.1.54), OIL (see 12.1.52), GAS (see 12.1.53), DISGAS (see 12.1.56) are used. There is no Standing’s correlations for VAPOIL (see 12.1.55) case. Gas saturated (below bubble point pressure) The keyword STANDO (see 12.5.10) specifies the following parameters: Rsb or pb , T . The following data is calculated: Rsb , pb , Rs , BO – oil formation volume factor (rm3 /sm3 ), µO – viscosity of the oil (cp). Oil Formation Volume Factor: (1981, [7, p. 94]) "
BO = 0.9759 + 0.000120 · 5.614583 · Rs
γG γO
#1.2
0.5
+ 1.25 · (9/5 · (T + 273.5) − 459.67) (2.74)
Viscosity: ([7, p. 117-118]) µO = (10)a (µOd )b
(2.75)
with
2.11.1. 2-phase water-oil model. Dead Oil
72
2.11. Oil Standing’s correlations
tNavigator-4.2
a = 5.614583 · Rs · [2.2 × 10−7 · 5.614583 · Rs − 7.4 × 10−4 ] b=
0.68 0.25 0.062 + d + 10c 10e 10
c = 8.62 × 10−5 · 5.614583 · Rs d = 1.1 × 10−3 · 5.614583 · Rs e = 3.74 × 10−3 · 5.614583 · Rs The experimental data used by Chew and Connally to develop their correlation encompassed the following ranges of values for the independent variables: Pressure: 9.1-0.39 bar (132-5,645 psia). Temperature: 22.22-144.44 ◦C (72-292 F ). Gas solubility: 9.5625-0.6645 sm3 /sm3 (51-3,544 sc f /ST B). Dead oil viscosity: 0.377-50 cp.
Undersaturated (above bubble point pressure) The keyword STANDO (see 12.5.10) specifies the following parameters: Rsb or pb , T , [cO ] – isothermal compressibility coefficient. The following data is calculated: Rsb , pb , Rs , BO – oil formation volume factor (rm3 /sm3 ), µO – oil viscosity (cp). Oil Formation Volume Factor: ([7, p. 104]) BO = BOb · exp(cO · (pb − p))
(2.76)
where
BO – oil formation volume factor at the pressure of interest (rm3 /sm3 ); BOb – oil formation volume factor at the bubble-point pressure (rm3 /sm3 ) (is calculated according to the formula 2.74); p – pressure of interest (barsa).
Replacing cO with the Petrosky-Farshad expression and integrating gives: ([7, p. 105]) )] BO = BOb exp [−A · 14.50377 · (p0.4094 − p0.4094 b
(2.77)
with the correlating parameter A as defined by ([7, p. 105]): A = 4.1646 (10−7 ) (5.614583 · Rsb )0.69357 γg0.1885 (API)0.3272 (9/5 · (T + 273.5) − 459.67)0.6729 (2.78)
2.11.2. 3-phase model. Dead Oil
73
2.12. Gas Standing’s correlations
tNavigator-4.2
Viscosity: ([9, p. 241]) 1.6 0.56 µO = µOb + 0.001 · 14.50377 · (p − pb ) · [0.024µOb + 0.038µOb ]
(2.79)
where
µO – undersaturated oil viscosity (cp);
µOb – viscosity of the oil at the bubble-point pressure (cp) (is calculated according to the formula 2.75).
2.12
Gas Standing’s correlations
The keyword STANDG (see 12.5.11) specifies the following parameters: z – gas compressibility factor, T ( ◦ C). The following data is calculated: BG – gas formation volume factor (rm3 /sm3 ), µG – gas viscosity (cp).
2.12.1
Gas Formation Volume Factor
([7, p. 65-66]) BG = 0.02827
z · (9/5 · (T + 273.5)) 14.50377 · p
where p – initial reservoir pressure (Barsa).
2.12.2
Gas Viscosity
([7, p. 73-74]) Lee, Gonzalez, and Eakin (1966) presented a semi-empirical relationship for calculating the viscosity of natural gases. The authors expressed the gas viscosity in terms of the reservoir temperature, gas density, and the molecular weight of the gas. Their proposed equation is given by: " Y # 0.06243745ρG µG = 10−4 K exp X 62.43 with K=
(9.379 + 0.0160Ma ) (9/5 · (T + 273.5))1.5 209.2 + 19.26Ma + 9/5 · (T + 273.5)
X = 3.448 +
2.12. Gas Standing’s correlations
986.4 + 0.01009 Ma 9/5 · (T + 273.5)
74
2.13. Phase molar density
tNavigator-4.2
Y = 2.4 − 0.2 X where ρG – gas density at reservoir pressure and temperature (kg/m3 ); Ma – apparent molecular weight of the gas mixture; and ρG =
1 0.0689 · p · Ma 0.06243745 10.73z · 9/5 · (T + 273.5) Ma = 28.96γG
The proposed correlation can predict viscosity values with a standard deviation of 2.7% and a maximum deviation of 8.99%. The correlation is less accurate for gases with higher specific gravities. The authors pointed out that the method cannot be used for sour gases.
2.13
Phase molar density
Black oil: Phase molar density is always function of BP - formation volume factor. For water component it is calculated as ξW =
ξW,SC BW
(2.80)
Here BW = BW (pW ) – formation volume factor for water, user specified function. For water user specifies formation volume factor at reference pressure and compressibility that is defined as: 1 ∂ BW (2.81) cW = − BW ∂ p For oil and gas phases molar density in black oil assumptions is calculated as ξO =
RG,O ξG,SC + ξO,SC , BO
ξG =
RO,G ξO,SC + ξG,SC BG
(2.82)
Here ξP,SC is molar density of phase P in standard conditions. Compositional: Water molar density is calculated as in black oil case. For RK, SRK and non-shifted PR EOS (EOS (see 12.13.5)) phase molar density is found from equation p ξP = (2.83) ZRT Critical Z -factor is taken from solution of (2.56) for corresponding phase. In case of shifted PR EOS formula (2.84) ξP = 1/
2.13. Phase molar density
n ZRT − ∑ xiP bi si p i=1
! (2.84)
75
2.15. Capillary pressures
tNavigator-4.2
is used for liquid phase. Here si are shift parameters, bi are taken from bi = Ωb
RTci , pci
(2.85)
(see section 2.7 for Ωb definition), and xiP are molar fractions of component i in phase P.
2.14
Phase mass density
Black oil: Phase mass density ρP is obtained by user input data. Usually user specifies ρP,SC – phase mass density at surface condition. In case of absence of laboratory measurements the approximations obtained from PVT properties by correlation analysis may be used. Very often the following constants are known (user input, DENSITY (see 12.5.23)):
ρO,SC – oil density at surface condition
ρG,SC – gas density at surface condition
ρW,SC – water density at surface condition
Then the following functions by analogy with phase molar density are used as ρP (pP ) in black oil model: ρW,SC ρW = (2.86) BW RG,O ρG,SC + ρO,SC ρO = (2.87) BO RO,G ρO,SC + ρG,SC ρG = (2.88) BG Compositional: Mass density of water is calculated as in black oil case. Mass density of hydrocarbon component is calculated from molar density (see 2.13) as (2.89)
ρP = ξP MwP , where MwP is average molecular weight for phase P, N
N
MwO = ∑ Mwi xiO ,
MwG = ∑ Mwi xiG
i=1
(2.90)
i=1
Mwi are component molecular weights, MW (see 12.13.27), MWW (see 12.13.29) and xiP are concentrations of component i in phase P.
2.15
Capillary pressures
2.15.1
Oil-gas capillary pressure
Oil-gas capillary pressure PcOG = PcOG (SG ) is user input data array defined in a number of SG points and interpolated for other points (SGOF (see 12.6.2)). 2.14. Phase mass density
76
2.15. Capillary pressures
2.15.2
tNavigator-4.2
Oil-water capillary pressure
Oil-water capillary pressure PcOW = PcOW (SW ) is user input data array defined in a number of SW points and interpolated for other points (SWOF (see 12.6.1)). 2.15.3
Capillary pressure end-point scaling
Capillary pressure scaling. Specification of critical saturation end-points can be done using one of the following ways (they are not compatible by default):
Specification of critical saturation end-points for each grid block (keywords PCW (see 12.6.46), PCG (see 12.6.47)).
Specification of critical saturation end-points as depth function (keywords ENPCVD (see 12.6.40)).
Specification of critical saturation end-points as temperature function (keywords ENPCVT (see 12.14.71) - only for thermo-compositional model.
Specification of critical saturation end-points as composition function (ENPCVC (see 12.13.45) - only for compositional model.
Possible combinations can be specified using 5-th parameter of the keyword ENDSCALE (see 12.6.24). If end-point scaling is selected by ENDSCALE (see 12.6.24), capillary pressures are scaled with accordance to user defined arrays of minimal and maximal saturations. Capillary pressures are scaled by two-point method, saturations are renormalized according to formulas below. Let’s first introduce notations
SW , SG are block water and gas saturations,
SW co , SG co are connate water and gas saturations, i.e. minimal water (gas) saturation in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)),
SW max , SGmax are maximal values of water (and gas) saturation in SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)),
SWL (see 12.6.27), SGL (see 12.6.29) are user defined values of connate water (and gas) saturation in current block,
SWU (see 12.6.34), SGU (see 12.6.35) are user defined values of maximal water (and gas) saturation in current block,
PCW (see 12.6.46), PCG (see 12.6.47) are user defined arrays of maximum capillary pressures,
2.15.2. Oil-water capillary pressure
77
2.15. Capillary pressures
tNavigator-4.2
PcOW max (table), PcOG max (table) are maximum capillary pressures from table SWOF (see 12.6.1) (SGOF (see 12.6.2)) (values at connate water and gas saturations)
S˜W , S˜G are scaled block water and gas saturations.
Saturations are scaled as (SW − SW L)(SW max − SW SWU − SW L (SG − SGL)(SGmax − SG S˜G = SG co + SGU − SGL
S˜W = SW
co +
co )
(2.91)
co )
Appropriate capillary pressures are calculated as PCW PcOW max (table) PCG PcOG (SG ) = PcOG (S˜G )(table) ∗ PcOG max (table)
PcOW (SW ) = PcOW (S˜W )(table) ∗
2.15.4
(2.92) (2.93)
Capillary pressure calculation according to Leverett J-function
If end-point scaling is selected by ENDSCALE (see 12.6.24), capillary pressures may be calculated according to Leverett J-function model. Phase capillary pressures are scaled if first argument of JFUNC (see 12.2.58) indicates scaling is to be performed. (This keyword defines parameters for whole reservoir. The keyword JFUNCR (see 12.2.59) can be used to specify data separetely for each saturation region.) Scaling formulas are the following: PcOW (SW ) = JW (SW )(table) ∗ Jmult W PcOG (SG ) = JG (SG )(table) ∗ Jmult G
(2.94) (2.95)
Here JW , JG are input in the fourth column of SWOF (see 12.6.1) and SGOF (see 12.6.2) keywords, as functions of saturations, in place of phase capillary pressures. Multipliers are calculated as Jmult Jmult
W G
= STW ∗ (φ i, j,k )α /(K i, j,k )β ∗ 0.318316 = STG ∗ (φ
i, j,k α
) /(K
(2.96)
i, j,k β
) ∗ 0.318316
where
STW oil-water surface tension, second argument of keyword JFUNC (see 12.2.58);
STG oil-gas surface tension, third argument of keyword JFUNC (see 12.2.58);
φ i, j,k porosity in grid block;
K i, j,k permeability, calculated according to one of the following methods
2.15.4. Capillary pressure calculation according to Leverett J-function
78
2.16. Solubility of gas component into oil phase i, j,k
tNavigator-4.2
i, j,k
– XY: K i, j,k = (kxx + kyy )/2 i, j,k
– X: K i, j,k = kxx
i, j,k
– Y: K i, j,k = kyy
i, j,k
– Z: K i, j,k = kzz ; the method is selected by 6-th parameter of keyword JFUNC (see 12.2.58). Or instead of this parameter one can specify the special permeability value used for J-function computation (JFPERM (see 12.2.60)). If this keyword is specified then permeability direction (the 6-th parameter of JFUNC (see 12.2.58) is ignored).
α power for porosity, fourth argument of keyword JFUNC (see 12.2.58);
α power for permeability, fifth argument of keyword JFUNC (see 12.2.58).
2.16
Solubility of gas component into oil phase
Solubility of gas component into oil phase RG,O = RG,O (pO ) (gas-oil ratio) is user input data array defined in a number of pO points and interpolated for other points (PVTO (see 12.5.4), PVCO (see 12.5.6)). The keyword DRSDT (see 12.18.97) sets maximum rate of increase of solution gas-oil ratio (sm3 /sm3 /day). For black-oil models the followinf extanesions of the keyword DRSDT (see 12.18.97) can be used: 1. Set maximum rate of increase of solution gas-oil ratio as a function of pressure (keyword DRSDTVP (see 12.18.98)). In tNavigator one can set maximum rate of increase of solution gas-oil ratio D as a function of pressure via the dimensionless parameter (∆p): Rn+1 ≤ D(∆p)∆t + Rns s where (∆p) =
pO − pmin pb (Rsmax ) − pmin
pO – current pressure in oil phase;
pmin – minimum pressure in the grid block that was reached in a previous pressure reduction with gas emission;
pb (Rsmax ) – equilibrium saturation pressure (according to the initial table) corresponding gas-oil ratio Rsmax ;
Rsmax – gas-oil ration that would be achieved in the block when all free gas will be dissolved in the oil.
2.16. Solubility of gas component into oil phase
79
2.18. Inflow from aquifer
tNavigator-4.2
Selecting of the parameter ∆p in dimensionless form allows to take into account the relative deviation of the current pressure to saturation pressure independently from flows between blocks. 2. An alternative model of gas dissolution that takes into account the exponential nature of the system relaxation (keyword DRSDTVPE (see 12.18.99)). The relaxation process of the physical value f in the first approximation can be described by the equation df = −λ ( f − f0 ) dt where λ – relaxation parameter, f0 – equilibrium value of f . The solution of this equation corresponds to the typical exponential relaxation dynamics. Analogously for Rs relaxation equation is: dRs = −D(∆p)(Rs − R∗s (p)) dt
2.17
D – parameter characterizing the relaxation rate of the gas-oil ratio in relative units, R∗s – equilibrium value of gas-oil ratio.
Vaporisation of oil component into gas phase
Vaporisation of oil component in gas phase RO,G = RO,G (pG ) is user input data array defined in a number of pG points and interpolated for other points (PVTG (see 12.5.8)). The keyword DRVDT (see 12.18.100) sets maximum rate of increase of vapor oilgas ratio.
2.18
Inflow from aquifer
tNavigator 4.2 supports the following type of aquifers:
numerical aquifer. Is set via the keywords AQUCON (see 12.16.12), AQUNUM (see 12.16.11);
constant-flux aquifer (analytic aquifer). Is set via the keywords AQUFLUX (see 12.16.2), AQUANCON (see 12.16.10); A water flow rate from aquifer is calculating the following way: Qai = Fa · Ai · m
(2.97)
where: – Qai - inflow rate from the aquifer to block i; 2.17. Vaporisation of oil component into gas phase
80
2.18. Inflow from aquifer
tNavigator-4.2
– Fa - the aquifer constant flux, entered by the user (parameter 2 of AQUFLUX (see 12.16.2)); – Ai - the area of the connection of block i; – m - influx multiplier (parameter 10 of the keyword AQUANCON (see 12.16.10)).
Fetkovich aquifer (analytic aquifer). Is set via the keywords AQUFETP (see AQUFET (see 12.16.4);
12.16.6), AQUANCON (see
12.16.10),
A water flow rate from aquifer is calculating the following way: Qai =
d (Wai ) = Jαi (pa + pc − pi + ρg(di − da )) dt
(2.98)
where: – Qai - inflow rate from the aquifer to block i; – Wai - total influx from the aquifer to block i; – J - Productivity Index of the aquifer; – αi - aquifer connection area to block i; – pa - pressure in the aquifer; – pc - water pressure in block i; – pi - capillary pressure; – ρ - water density in the aquifer; – di - depth of block i; – da - aquifer datum depth. αi is defined the following way: αi =
mi Ai ∑ mi Ai
where:
– Ai - area of the block connected to the aquifer; – mi - aquifer influx coefficient multiplier.
Carter-Tracy aquifer (analytic aquifer). Is set via the keywords AQUTAB (see 12.16.9), AQUANCON (see 12.16.10), AQUCT (see 12.16.8); The average inflow rate from the aquifer to a grid block i for timestep ∆t is calculated by the following formula: Qai = αi (a − b∆p) (2.99) where: – ∆p - change of pressure p for timestep ∆p: p(t + ∆t) − p(t); – αi - is the area fraction for each connection block;
2.18. Inflow from aquifer
81
2.18. Inflow from aquifer
αi =
tNavigator-4.2
mi Ai ∑ mi A i
The number a is calculated by the following formula: β ∆pai −Wa (t)PID0 (t + ∆t)D 1 a= Tc PID (t + ∆t)D − tD PID0 (t + ∆t)D
(2.100)
The number b is calculated by the following formula: b=
β TC (PID (t + ∆t)D − tD PID0 (t + ∆t)D )
(2.101)
where: – ∆pai - change of pressure pa0 + ρg(di − da ) − pi (t + ∆t); – PID0 - derivative of PID by tD ; – PID - pressure influence function (dimensionless); – tD =
t Tc
.
Time constant Tc is defined by the following way: Tc =
µW φCt ro2 ka c1
(2.102)
where: – ka - aquifer permeability; – φ - aquifer porosity; – µW - water viscosity in the aquifer; – Ct - total compressibility (rock + water); – ro - aquifer inner radius; – c1 - constant which is equal to 0.008527 (METRIC) or 0.006328 (FIELD). The aquifer influx constant β is defined by the following way: β = c2 hΘφCt ro2
(2.103)
where: – c2 - constant which is equal to 6,283 (METRIC) or 1,1191 (FIELD); – h - aquifer thickness; – Θ - angle subtended by the aquifer boundary from the center of the reservoir, divided by 360 ( ◦ ).
2.18. Inflow from aquifer
82
2.18. Inflow from aquifer
tNavigator-4.2
Wa (t) - total aquifer influx. Pressure drop at the aquifer boundary is calculated by the following way: pa0 − p =
Qa PID (tD ) β
(2.104)
where: – pa0 - initial pressure of water in the aquifer; – p - average water pressure on the aquifer boundary; – Qa - aquifer inflow rate.
constant head/pressure water aquifer. Is set via the keywords AQUCHWAT (see 12.16.3), AQUANCON (see 12.16.10). The water flow rate into a grid block from aquifer is calculated using the formula: Qai =
d (Gai ) = Jαi [pa + pc − pi + ρg(di − da )] dt
(2.105)
where: – Qai – water flow rate into a grid block i from aquifer; – Gai – cumulative influx from the aquifer to grid block i; – J – aquifer productivity index; – αi – area fraction for the connection to grid block i; – pa – pressure in aquifer; – pc – capillary pressure; – pi – the pressure in a connecting grid block i; – ρ – water density in the aquifer; – di – grid block depth; – da – datum depth for aquifer.
dimensions for aquifers should be specified via AQUDIMS (see 12.16.1).
Brine option is supported for aquifers (BRINE (see 12.1.58)) (salt concentration is set via keywords AQUFETP (see 12.16.6), AQUFET (see 12.16.4), AQUCT (see 12.16.8)). AQANTRC (see 12.16.7) – the keyword specifies initial tracer concentrations for analytic aquifers (keywords AQUFET (see 12.16.4), AQUFETP (see 12.16.6), AQUCT (see 12.16.8), AQUFLUX (see 12.16.2)).
2.18. Inflow from aquifer
83
2.19. Well
2.19
Well
2.19.1
Well approximation
tNavigator-4.2
Well is approximated differently depending on computation mesh. Let us consider source of phase QP = QP (pP , N,t) in block l in the case of uniform computation mesh and finite difference approximation. We define QP on surface of cylinder of radius rw with perforated well region as its axis as QP (pP , N,t) = T (t) MP (pP , SW , SG )(pP − pBH (t) − ρ¯ av (p, N)g(D − DBH ))
(2.106)
where
MP (pP , SW , SG ) – phase mobility, known, will be defined below, see section 5.7.5,
pBH (t) – bottom hole pressure, known or calculated from the value q(t) of user defined well rate,
ρ¯ av (p, N) – average wellbore density, depends on discrete approximation chosen for the equations (2.1)–(2.4), and will be defined below, see section 5.7.6 (known)
D, g = const have been defined before,
DBH – bottom hole depth (known)
T (t) – well productivity index (known), may be defined by user (COMPDAT (see 2πKmult (t)βc Kh , see section 5.7.2. 12.18.6)), otherwise calculated according to T = (ln(r0 /rw ) + s) Here – Kmult (t) – multiplier (known, WPIMULT (see 12.18.28)) – βc = const – units conversion factor (known) – Kh (known) – may be defined by user (COMPDAT (see 12.18.6)) or calculated as product of h = const, well perforated interval height (known), and K – permeability in plane perpendicular to well axis, depends on the discrete approximation chosen for the equations (2.1)–(2.4), and will be defined below, see section 5.7.3 (known) – r0 is pressure equivalent radius, may be defined by user, COMPDAT (see 12.18.6), otherwise its approximation depends on the discrete approximation chosen for the equations (2.1)–(2.4), and will be defined below, see section 5.7.4. – rw = dw /2 = const – well radius (known, COMPDAT (see 12.18.6)) – s = s(x, y, z,t) – skin effect term (known, COMPDAT (see 12.18.6))
In this case source of component c will be equal to qc = ∑ xc,P ξP QP (p, N)
(2.107)
P
where
2.19. Well
84
2.19. Well
tNavigator-4.2
xc,P = xc,P (p, N) – moles of component c per mole of phase P,
ξP = ξP (p, N) – phase molar density, see 2.13,
QP (p, N) – phase rate in reservoir conditions, calculated in (2.106).
The keyword WRFT (see 12.18.190) sets output of well RFT data. The following data will be written to RFT file: pressure, saturation and depth for each grid block in which a well has a connection. The detailed description of well mathematical model is in the section – 5.7. 2.19.2
Group control
tNavigator supports the following possibilities to specify group control:
GRUPTREE (see 12.18.85) – the keyword sets tree structure for multi-level group control. The tree can consist of an arbitrary number of levels. The field FIELD occupies the top of this tree. Groups that have other groups as children cannot have wells. (Wells are assigned to groups in the keyword WELSPECS (see 12.18.3)). Thus a group either contains wells (that is a well-group) or has other groups as children (that is a node-group). Groups without a parent group will have a parent group FIELD.
GCONPROD (see 12.18.72) – group control for producers.
GCONINJE (see 12.18.81) – group control for injectors.
GCONSUMP (see 12.18.82) – gas consumption and import rates for groups.
GUIDERAT (see 12.18.73) – The keyword specifies a general formula for calculating production guide rates (for group control, keyword – GCONPROD (see 12.18.72)). Group flow rate targets are distributed among the wells in proportion to their guide rates. Default: well’s guide rate is equal to its potential flow rate at the beginning of each time step (description of well’s potential flow rate is in the section – 5.7.7). This keyword provides a means of automatically weighting production well guide rates to take account of their production ratios. Because it could be advantageous to weight the guide rates to discriminate against wells with high gas-oil ration or water cut.
WGRUPCON (see 12.18.80) – specifies well guide rates for group control.
GSATPROD (see 12.18.83) – specifies production rate for satellite groups.
GSATINJE (see 12.18.84) – specifies injection rate for satellite groups.
keywords GRUPSALE (see 12.18.167) and GCONSALE (see 12.18.168) – specify the group gas sales rate.
GRUPFUEL (see 12.18.169) – specifies the group gas fuel rate.
2.19.2. Group control
85
2.19. Well
2.19.3
tNavigator-4.2
Separators
For black oil model (E100 data type): SEPVALS (see 12.18.142) – This keyword defines the initial separator conditions (first use of the keyword) and changes them during the simulation (next uses of the keyword). The first SEPVALS must be followed by the keyword GSEPCOND (see 12.18.143), which allocates well groups to separators. If the separator corresponds to a group, all wells of this group use this separator. For compositional models (E300 data type): FIELDSEP (see 12.15.20) – This keyword specifies field separator. All the wells use this separator for default. To specify different separator for one well or for well group one should use the keywords SEPCOND (see 12.18.144), WSEPCOND (see 12.18.145). SEPCOND (see 12.18.144) – This keyword specifies separator conditions (the first usage of this keyword) or re-specifies separator conditions (the nest usages of this keyword). The separator conditions are associated with the well via the keyword WSEPCOND (see 12.18.145).
2.19.4
Multisegment well
The structure of multisegment well is specified via the keyword WELSEGS (see 12.18.11). WSEGDIMS (see 12.1.38) – dimensions of data for multisegment well (not necessarily keyword, tNavigator allocates memory dynamically). WSEGTABL (see 12.18.12) – specifies calculation of segment pressure drops from VFP tables. WSEGVALV (see 12.18.13) – specifies calculation of segment pressure drops for sub-critical valve. Definition of location of completions in a multisegment well – COMPSEGS (see 12.18.20) (COMPSEGL (see 12.18.21) for LGR case). Adding or removing fluids to or from a segment in a multisegment well – WSEGEXSS (see 12.18.15). Adding or removing fluid depends on a specified rate or segment’s pressure. The source or sink for this fluid is external. WFRICSEG (see 12.18.19) (WFRICSGL (see 12.18.19) in LGR case) – this keyword is used to define the segment structure and the connection locations of a multisegment well via parameters of the keyword WFRICTN (see 12.18.17) (WFRICTN (see 12.18.17) in LGR case). WFRICSEG (WFRICSGL (see 12.18.19)) provides an easy way of transformating a friction well into a multisegment well by changing the keyword name to WFRICSEG. WSEGFLIM (see 12.18.16) defines segment of multisegment well as a flow limiting valve.
2.19.3. Separators
86
2.19. Well
tNavigator-4.2
WSEGAICD (see 12.18.14) designates a segment of multisegment well as an autonomous inflow control device. 2.19.5
MULTI–phase injection
The keywords that can be used for multi-phase injection:
2-nd parameter of the keyword WCONINJE (see 12.18.36) should be set to MULTI (multi-phase injection). The preferred phase of the well will be injected (specified via WELSPECS (see 12.18.3));
5-th parameter of WCONINJE (see 12.18.36) specifies the surface flow rate of the preferred phase;
parameters 12-14 of WCONINJE (see 12.18.36) specify surface volume proportion of phases in a multi-phase injector;
the same way multi-phase injection MULTI can be used in the keywords WCONINJH (see 12.18.39), WCONINJP (see 12.18.38), WWAG (see 12.18.44).
2.19.6
WAG injection mode
The keywords to simulate water-gas injection mode: WCYCLE (see 12.18.42), WELLWAG (see 12.18.43), WWAG (see 12.18.44). 2.19.7
DCQ. Gas Field Model
tNavigator support the following operations in Gas Field Model:
Specification of swing and profile factors for FIELD – SWINGFAC (see 12.18.172). The required rate of gas production has a seasonality profile. One should specify an annual profile – monthly multipliers to the mean rate or DCQ (Daily Contracted Quantity). For each month: target gas production rate for FIELD is equal to the DCQ multiplied by the month’s profile factor.
Seasonality profile for groups – GSWINGF (see 12.18.173). The keyword GASFIELD (see 12.1.90) sets if multiple contract groups are required. Each contract group has it’s name, swing and profile factors.
Target gas production monthly rate for FIELD for the second pass – the keyword GASFTARG (see 12.18.183). Decrement values for these rates – the keyword GASFDECR (see 12.18.184).
The keywords GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) and GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) sets contract periods. These keywords should be used instead of DATES (see 12.18.105), TSTEP (see 12.18.106). GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) should be used if the length of the contract period is less than a year.
2.19.5. MULTI–phase injection
87
2.19. Well
tNavigator-4.2
Well operations and reports during the contract period should be entered between the keywords GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179) and GASEND (see 12.18.180). Time in the contract period (when the operation should take place) should be specified via GASMONTH (see 12.18.181).
Initial DCQ (Daily Contracted Quantity) for each well should be specified via GDCQ (see 12.18.174).
GDCQECON (see 12.18.178) – minimum economic value of DCQ for each contract group. If DCQ falls below this value, then all producers in this group will be shut or stopped. If the contract group is FIELD, then the calculation will be terminated.
GASFCOMP (see 12.18.185) – the using of compressors in models with standard network option (see section 2.19.9).
2.19.8
Gas Lift Optimization
The keywords that can be used in Gas Lift Optimization option: LIFTOPT (see 12.18.213), GLIFTOPT (see 12.18.215), WLIFTOPT (see 12.18.216), GLIFTLIM (see 12.18.214). This option is used to allocate the lift gas to each well to meet well, group or field production targets. If production targets cannot be met, this option calculates how to use the existing lift gas resources the best way: how to allocate lift gas to the wells that lead to the best results of oil production. Description of gas lift optimization option:
Gas lift is simulated via VFP tables (VFPPROD (see (see 12.18.61)).
12.18.57), VFPCORR
An increment size for lift gas injection rate is specified (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day) (1-st parameter of LIFTOPT (see 12.18.213)). The lift gas resources are divided in discrete increments of uniform size.
The minimum economic gradient (2-nd parameter of LIFTOPT (see 12.18.213)) of improvement in oil production rate for increase in lift gas injection rate by one increment is specified (METRIC: m3 /sm3 , FIELD: stb/Msc f ). This minimum economic gradient corresponds to the moment when the cost of the extra amount of oil produced via an increase in the lift gas injection rate is equal to the cost of supplying the extra amount of lift gas.
Gas Lift optimization option finds out, if the lift gas increment must be added to each well injection rate or subtracted from it. For each well the value Winc (weighted incremental gradient) is calculated – the increment of field oil production rate (due to increment in the gas lift at one increment value) multiplied by well’s weighting factor and divided by value of increment in the gas lift. If the result value is less than the
2.19.8. Gas Lift Optimization
88
2.19. Well
tNavigator-4.2
minimum economic gradient, then the next lift gas increment is not allocated to this well. Formula of Winc : Winc =
fw ∗ ∆TO GLinc
where: fw – well’s weighting factor (4-th parameter of WLIFTOPT (see 12.18.216)); ∆TO – increment (or decrement) in field oil production rate; GLinc – increment (or decrement) in the gas lift. Formula of Winc in case if the 6-th parameter of the keyword WLIFTOPT (see 12.18.216) is specified): fw ∗ ∆TO Winc = GLinc + fG ∗ ∆TG where: fG – gas production rate weighting factor (6-th parameter of WLIFTOPT (see 12.18.216)); ∆TG – increment (or decrement) in field gas production rate.
For groups lift gas increments are allocated in turn to the well that has the largest weighted incremental gradient Winc .
Additional group parameters are specified using the keywords GLIFTOPT (see 12.18.215), GLIFTLIM (see 12.18.214).
2.19.9
Standard network option
Standard network structure is the same as the hierarchy specified in GRUPTREE (see 12.18.85). If the network should have a structure different from standard group hierarchy then one should use an extended network option – 2.19.10 (the keyword NETWORK (see 12.1.84)). Production network is specified via GRUPNET (see 12.18.96). Pumps and compressors – GNETPUMP (see 12.18.95), GASFCOMP (see 12.18.185). Automatic compressors also supported. 2.19.10
NETWORK option. Automatic chokes. Compressors
NETWORK option is specified via the keyword NETWORK (see 12.1.84). The keyword sets dimensions for extended network model. The extended network model is specified via keywords NODEPROP (see 12.18.88), BRANPROP (see 12.18.87). Injection network could be specified via the keyword GNETINJE (see 12.18.91).
2.19.9. Standard network option
89
2.19. Well
tNavigator-4.2
NETWORK option is used to provide variable THP limits to groups of wells, which depend on the groups’ flow rates according to a set of pipeline pressure loss relationships. If NETWORK option is used well THP limits will be calculated dynamically by balancing the flow rates and pressure losses in the network. NETBALAN (see 12.18.112) sets network calculation parameters (convergence tolerance, maximum number of iterations in the network balancing calculation etc.). Tree-structure for groups should be defined. GRUPTREE (see 12.18.85) – sets tree structure for multi-level group control. The tree can consist of an arbitrary number of levels. The field FIELD occupies the top of this tree. Groups that have other groups as children cannot have wells. (Wells are assigned to groups in the keyword WELSPECS (see 12.18.3)). Thus a group either contains wells (that is a wellgroup) or has other groups as children (that is a node-group). In case of extended network model group structure can be different from the structure specified by GRUPTREE (see 12.18.85) (the bottom nodes in the tree should be the same (i.e. well groups)). BRANPROP (see 12.18.87) specifies branch properties. NODEPROP (see 12.18.88) specifies node properties. The top node should have a fixed pressure. WNETDP (see 12.18.222) sets fixed pressure drop value between a well’s tubing head pressure and its group’s corresponding node in the network. The network can consist of two or more separate trees. Each tree should have its own fixed pressure terminal node at the top. Child groups also can be nodes with fixed pressure (so pressures in sub-networks are independent of the main network but flows of sub-networks will be added into main network flow). NWATREM (see 12.18.94) removes water from a node in the extended network. NCONSUMP (see 12.18.89) – sets a gas consumption rate at a specified node in the extended network. Automatic chokes. An automatic choke can adjust the pressure loss across a choke in a designated network branch to meet a group’s production rate target. A branch is set as a choke via a flag YES in parameter 3 of the keyword NODEPROP (see 12.18.88) for the inlet node of the choke. The branch should have a number 9999 as a corresponding VFP table number (in the keyword BRANPROP (see 12.18.87)). NWATREM (see 12.18.94) – removes water from a node in the extended network.
2.19.10. NETWORK option. Automatic chokes. Compressors
90
2.19. Well
tNavigator-4.2
Automatic compressors (pumps). Compressors are specified via the keyword NETCOMPA (see 12.18.92). Compressors (pumps) are turned on if a nominated group cannot meet its production rate target (which is specified with keyword GCONPROD (see 12.18.72)). Multi-level compressors can be specified (compression is increased one level at a time until the nominated group can meet its production target. Automatic compressors in the network can be switched off via the keyword COMPOFF (see 12.18.93) (except for compressors defined to stay permanently – 9-th parameter PERM of NETCOMPA (see 12.18.92)). 2.19.11
Well prioritization option
Keywords PRIORITY (see 12.18.78), GCONPRI (see 12.18.75) set the group control option with well prioritization. This option is alternative to the method of distribution group production rates among wells according to their guide rates (is this case groups are specified via GCONPROD (see 12.18.72)). Well prioritization option description.
Wells priorities are calculated according to formula specified in PRIORITY (see 12.18.78).
Wells are turned on in decreasing order of their priority (well with the highest priority is the first).
Wells are turned on until group’s production rate limit is exceeded.
A rate of well, which exceeds the group’s limit, is cut to meet the limit (in spite of it’s own limits WCONPROD (see 12.18.34)).
Wells with low priority are closed until they are selected to produce.
Wells, which violate economic limits, and are closed manually can’t be selected to produce.
2 priority formulas can be specified and they can be used as PRI and PR2 in GCONPRI (see 12.18.75)).
If 2 limits that have different priority formulas are exceeded, then to close the well with the lowest priority the formula is chosen for which limit is exceeded more (in percentage terms).
2.19.11. Well prioritization option
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2.19. Well
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Priorities are calculated for the well at each Newton iteration of time step for first NUPCOL (see 12.18.208) iterations via the formula (coefficients are specified in PRIORITY (see 12.18.78)): PRIORITY =
A + BPO +CPW + DPG E + FPO + GPW + HPG
where: – Pp – potential well rate for the phase p (description of well’s potential flow rate is in the section – 5.7.7); – A, B, C , D, E , F , G, H – coefficient from PRIORITY (see 12.18.78).
Wells’ priorities calculated via formulas PRIORITY (see 12.18.78) can be overriden via numbers specified directly in the keyword WELPRI (see 12.18.79);
In group hierarchy both methods of potential guide rates GCONPROD (see 12.18.72) and well prioritization GCONPRI (see 12.18.75) can be used at the same time, except for the case when the group uses guide rate method and this group is subgroup of the group that uses well prioritization.
When 2 methods are used at the same time, then first prioritization groups are solved, and then the producers in the remaining part of group hierarchy that use guide rates.
2.19.12
Prioritized drilling queue. Sequential drilling queue
tNavigator supports creation of well drilling queue. The well from queue will be opened in decreasing order of their drilling priority if it is needed to maintain a group rate target under group control by guide rate (GCONPROD (see 12.18.72), GCONINJE (see 12.18.81)). If a group cannot provide its production volume, the producer with the highest drilling priority (that belongs to that group, and doesn’t belong to any other group under the same production control) will be opened automatically. If a group cannot provide its injection volume, the injector with the highest drilling priority (that belongs to that group, and doesn’t belong to any other group under injection control for the same phase) will be opened automatically. There are two drilling queue types: 1. sequential drilling queue, specified via the keyword QDRILL (see 12.18.203). Wells from sequential queue are opened in the sequence in which they are placed in the queue; 2. prioritized drilling queue, specified via the keyword WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201). Wells from prioritized queue are opened in decreasing order of their drilling priority. The keyword DRILPRI (see 12.18.200) specifies the default priority formula for the prioritized drilling queue.
2.19.12. Prioritized drilling queue. Sequential drilling queue
92
2.20. Polymer Flood
tNavigator-4.2
At any run time only one type of drilling queue may exist (two types of queue cannot work together). Time taken to drill the well is specified via the keyword WDRILTIM (see 12.18.202). The keyword WDRILRES (see 12.18.205) prevents from drilling two wells in one grid block.
2.20
Polymer Flood
In tNavigator the following options are supported to model polymer flood:
Polymer flood option POLYMER (see 12.1.48) (formats E100, E300).
To enhance the polymer action it may be injected together with the alkaline (Alkaline flooding – section 2.24) and surfactant (section – 2.25).
Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding – ASP model. Full description of ASP mathematical model is in the section – 5.9.
Special option of Polymer flooding based on BrightWater technology – section 2.20.2).
If mixing of waters with different salinities is used (BRINE (see 12.1.58)), then polymer solution viscosity can be set as function of salt concentration. The keywords SALTNODE (see 12.7.6) and PLYVISCS (see 12.7.8) should be specified.
Polymer flood in IMEX format – see the section 2.20.3.
2.20.1
Polymer Flood option POLYMER
tNavigator has a Polymer Flood option initialized via the keyword POLYMER (see 12.1.48). The following keywords can be used to Polymer flood simulation:
2.20. Polymer Flood
93
2.20. Polymer Flood
tNavigator-4.2
Keyword POLYMER (see 12.1.48) PLYADS (see 12.8.17) PLYMAX (see 12.8.18)
section RUNSPEC PROPS PROPS
PLMIXPAR (see 12.8.19)
PROPS
PLYROCK (see 12.8.20) PLYVISC (see 12.8.16)
PROPS PROPS
PLYSHEAR (see 12.8.21)
PROPS
PLYSHLOG (see 12.8.22)
PROPS
SALTNODE (see 12.7.6)
PROPS
PLYVISCS (see 12.7.8)
PROPS
WPOLYMER (see 12.18.151)
SCHEDULE
2.20.2
Description Indicates that Polymer Food model is used Polymer adsorption function Polymer and salt concentration for mixing calculations Specifies Polymer Todd-Longstaff mixing parameter Specifies the rock properties for Polymer flood Specifies solution viscosity multiplier as a function of polymer concentration Polymer solution viscosity multiplier in the case of shear thinning Polymer solution shear multiplier (logarithmic formula) Sets the data to calculate polymer solution viscosity as a function of salt concentration Sets the data to calculate polymer solution viscosity as a function of salt concentration Specifies polymer concentration in the well’s injection stream
Polymer flooding based on BrightWater technology
Flow deflecting technologies – is a way to increase efficiency of reservoir development. For example these technologies can base on nanopolymer flooding. BrightWater technology (developed by companies BP, Chevron and Nalco) consists in nanopolymer injection into the formation. Particles of nanopolymers increase theirs volume (average – in 10 times) at hydrolysis or heating. The main idea is that small granules (average size – 100 nm) are injected into the formation with water phase. Granule size is considerably smaller than pore size at 500 mD (or more) permeability. Particles of polymers expand in formation pores in the direction from producers to injectors. Pores in zones of active filtration are blocked and water is forced out to the zones with low permeability. This process is called activation of nanopolymer. In tNavigator there is nanopolymer flooding option. The following physical effects are taken into consideration:
hydrolysis swelling rate,
nanopolymer type.
Simulator uses standard isothermal black-oil model (2.1)–(2.4), nanopolymer is considered as an admixture to water phase, that changes filtration-capacity formation properties. Polymer can be specified via the keyword TRACERM (see 12.7.2) (the tracer for which the holding time in the reservoir will be calculated). Polymer injection can be defined using the keyword WTRACER (see 12.18.148).
2.20.2. Polymer flooding based on BrightWater technology
94
2.20. Polymer Flood
tNavigator-4.2
Let C pol and t pol – nanopolymer concentration in water phase and nanopolymer holding time in the formation. Within the bounds of this BrightWater model we consider that absolute permeability is: k = kmult (C pol ,t pol )k0 , where k0 — initial absolute permeability (that was in the model before nanopolymer flooding), kmult (C pol ,t pol ) can be presented the following way: kmult (C pol ,t pol ) = 1 − (1 − kconc (C pol ))(1 − ktime (t pol )), where kconc (C pol ) and ktime (t pol ) are defined via tables TRMMULTC (see 12.7.10), TRMMULTT (see 12.7.11). In the mathematical model the following assumption is used: permeability multiplier can only decrease (when the polymer is injected), but not to increase (when there is the formation washing after polymer injection). So a minimum value of permeability multiplier is taken from all the time steps. Temperature option and polymer flooding Temperature option is supported for polymer flooding models (TEMP (see 12.1.60)). In this case absolute permeability multiplier depends on the temperature. kmult (C pol ,t pol , Tpol ) = 1 − (1 − kconc (C pol ))(1 − ktime (t pol ))(1 − ktemp (Tpol )), where Tpol - polymer temperature. kconc (C pol ) and ktime (t pol ) are defined via tables TRMMULTC (see 12.7.10), TRMMULTT (see 12.7.11). ktemp (Tpol ) - the function depending on the factor of absolute permeability on the temperature, defined via table TRMTEMP (see 12.7.12). If any table of these three is not specified, then the corresponding value k is set to 0. In the mathematical model the following assumption is used: permeability multiplier can only decrease (when the polymer is injected), but not to increase (when there is the formation washing after polymer injection). So a minimum value of permeability multiplier is taken from all the time steps. Keywords
2.20.2. Polymer flooding based on BrightWater technology
95
2.20. Polymer Flood
tNavigator-4.2
Keyword TEMP (see 12.1.60) TRACERM (see 12.7.2)
Section RUNSPEC PROPS
TRMMULTC (see 12.7.10)
PROPS
TRMMULTT (see 12.7.11)
PROPS
TRMTEMP (see 12.7.12)
PROPS
WTRACER (see 12.18.148)
SCHEDULE
2.20.3
Description Specifies temperature option Specifies tracer list for which the holding time in the reservoir will be calculated Specifies the dependence between absolute permeability multiplier and tracer concentration Specifies the dependence between absolute permeability multiplier and holding time in the reservoir Specifies the dependence between absolute permeability multiplier and temperature Specifies the value of tracer concentration in the injection stream
Polymer flood in IMEX format
Polymer flood models: differences in E100 and IMEX formulation.
”Dead pore space” (not invaded by polymer) depends on absolute permeability, not on saturation region as in E100 format;
Polymer speed is the same as water speed (no Bvisc poly );
Several polymer models available.
Polymer flood model in IMEX format is specifying by parameter POLY of the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4). Concentration of injecting polymer (kg/sm3 ) is specified by parameter WATER of the keyword INCOMP (see 13.5.81). System of maintenance equations: asp krW UW = −βc k asp (∇p + ∇PcW − ρW g∇d) µW C poly C poly ∂ ∂ ads S pv φ Nw · sc + φ · A poly = − div ρW UW sc + Q poly , ∂t ρW ∂t ρW where:
C poly – concentration of dissolved polymer in water (kg/sm3 )
sc – mass water density in surface conditions (kg/sm3 ) ρW
asp krW – water RP after ASP flooding (see below),
asp µW – water viscosity after ASP flooding (see below),
3 Aads poly – adsorptional polymer potential (kg/sm ), defined as a function C poly in the keyword PADSORP (see 13.5.76),
2.20.3. Polymer flood in IMEX format
96
2.20. Polymer Flood
tNavigator-4.2
Q poly – mass polymer flow from external sources (kg/day)
S pv – pore volume fraction which is available for polymer; it is set by the keyword PPERM (see 13.5.77) as a function of absolute permeability
Polymer adsorption modelling. Adsorption parameters are set via the keywords PADSORP (see 13.5.76) and PPERM (see 13.5.77). PADSORP (see 13.5.76) contains two columns: the first one is polymer concentration 3 ads (kg/sm3 ), the second one is adsorptional potential Aads poly (kg/m ). A poly normalized by maximal value in PADSORP (see 13.5.76) to use it in maintenance equation. Keyword PPERM (see 13.5.77) sets a table of polymer properties dependence on absolute RP. Properties are the following:
Ad,max – maximal adsorption potential (kg/sm3 );
Ad,res – residual adsorption potential (kg/sm3 );
S pv – pore volume fraction which is available for polymer;
Krr f – residual resistance factor.
To get real adsorptional potential Aads poly from normalized it is multiplied by Ad,max from the keyword PPERM (see 13.5.77). 3 Let’s denote Ad = Aads poly Ad,max , (kg/sm ). For Ad,max interpolation we use maximal permeability in one of the directions (i.e. max(PERMI (see 13.3.10), PERMJ (see 13.3.10), PERMK (see 13.3.10))). Then we put correction for adsorption using Ad,res . If Ad < Ad,res , then:
if on the previous step Ad prev > Ad,res , then on the current Ad = max(Ad,res , Ad);
if Ad prev < Ad,res , then Ad = max(Ad prev , Ad).
Water viscosity calculation. Let’s denote µW (p) ”usual” viscosity, which is calculated via VWI (see 13.5.7), CVW (see 13.5.7). Also denote:
re f
C poly – reference polymer concentration (kg/sm3 ) which is set in PREFCONC (see 13.5.79); re f
µ poly – reference polymer viscosity which is set in PVISC (see 13.5.80);
Polymer and water solution is considered uniform (i.e. water and polymer velocities are equal). Viscosity model is set by the keyword PMIX (see 13.5.78) and one of its options:
2.20.3. Polymer flood in IMEX format
97
2.21. Foam modeling
tNavigator-4.2
LINEAR – linear model. re f
asp = α µ poly + (1 − α)µW (p) µW
(2.108)
where α is a relative polymer concentration: α=
C poly re f
NONLINEAR – non-linear model. re f
asp = (µ poly )α (µW (p))(1−α) µW
(2.109)
C poly
(2.110)
TABLE – viscosity is set by a table as a function of polymer concentration. The first re f column of it is relative polymer concentration (i.e. ratio C poly /C poly ), the second one is ratio of polymer viscosity to water viscosity.
Then we put correction for relative permeability during polymer solution mobility calculation: krW asp (2.111) = krW Rk where Rk is given by: Ad Rk = 1 + (Krr f − 1) (2.112) Ad,max So, for polymer solution mobility λwasp is: λwasp
2.21
asp krW krW . = asp = asp Ad µW 1 + (Krr f − 1) Ad,max µW
(2.113)
Foam modeling
Supported keywords:
FOAM (see 12.1.64) – activates foam option in E100 models;
FOAMOPTS (see 12.11.2) – sets foam modeling preferences;
FOAMADS (see 12.11.1) – defines functions of foam adsorption by the rock formation;
FOAMROCK (see 12.11.3) – sets rock properties;
FOAMDCYW (see 12.11.4) – sets foam decay dependence on water saturation;
FOAMDCYO (see 12.11.5) – sets foam decay dependence on oil saturation;
FOAMMOB (see 12.11.6) – sets dependences of the gas phase mobility factor on foam concentration;
2.21. Foam modeling
98
2.23. Asphaltene modeling
tNavigator-4.2
FOAMMOBP (see pressure;
FOAMMOBS (see 12.11.8) – sets dependence of the shear on foam mobility;
SFOAM (see 12.15.51) – sets initial foam concentration in grid blocks;
WFOAM (see 12.18.241) – sets foam concentration in injecting stream;
TNAVCTRL (see 12.1.4) option DECAY_MODEL – control of foam decay process (adsorped, desorped foam participation in decay process).
2.22
12.11.7) – sets dependence of the foam mobility factor on oil
Residual oil modeling
Supported keywords:
SOR (see 12.12.1) – activates residual oil modeling option and sets residual oil saturation values in each SATNUM (see 12.4.3) region;
SOILR (see 12.15.52) – initial residual oil saturation values in each grid block;
ROMF (see 12.15.53) – initial composition of residual oil in each grid block;
SOROPTS (see 12.12.2) – compressibility model of residual oil.
2.23
Asphaltene modeling
Supported keywords:
ASPHALTE (see 12.1.63) – activates option of asphaltene precipitation modeling and sets oil viscosity change model type;
ASPFLRT (see 12.10.5) – sets the kinetic reaction rates for the flocculation and dissociation processes for each component;
ASPVISO (see 12.10.6) – sets parameters of oil viscosity change model;
CATYPE (see 12.10.7) – sets asphaltene properties for each model component;
ASPP1P (see 12.10.1) – sets variable of asphaltene precipitation function. The keyword ASPREWG (see 12.10.2) should be used in conjunction with this one. In this case asphaltene precipitation function will depend on one variable. Two-variable function is set by keywords ASPP2P (see 12.10.3) and ASPPW2D (see 12.10.4);
ASPREWG (see 12.10.2) – defines one-variable asphaltene precipitation function;
ASPP2P (see 12.10.3) – sets variables of asphaltene precipitation function. The keyword ASPPW2D (see 12.10.4) should be used in conjunction with this one. In this case asphaltene precipitation function will depend on one variable. Two-variable function is set by keywords ASPP1P (see 12.10.1) and ASPREWG (see 12.10.2);
2.22. Residual oil modeling
99
2.24. Alkaline flooding
tNavigator-4.2
ASPPW2D (see 12.10.4) – defines two-variable asphaltene precipitation function.
2.24
Alkaline flooding
Alkaline flooding is performed via alkaline chemicals injection (high pH). Alkaline flooding can be done simultaneously with surfactant (Surfactant injection – section 2.25) and polymer (section – 2.20). Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding – ASP model. Full description of ASP mathematical model is in the section – 5.9. Alkaline reduces surfactant and polymer adsorption and enhance their effectiveness this way. Alkaline also affects on water-oil surface tension. The option switches on with the keyword ALKALINE (see 12.1.49). Alkaline concentration in the well injection steam is set via WALKALIN (see 12.18.150). All the supported features are described below. Alkaline adsorption. Alkaline adsorption is calculated at each time step. The table of alkaline adsorption as a function of it’s concentration is specified via the keyword ALKADS (see 12.8.26). Desorption can be prevented (1-st parameter of ALKROCK (see 12.8.27)), then the concentration of adsorbed alkaline can not decrease. Effect on water-oil surface tension. Alkaline affects on water-oil surface tension in combination with surfactant: σWO = σWO (Csur f )Ast (Calkl ) where:
σWO – surface tension;
σWO (Csur f ) – surface tension at surfactant concentration and zero alkaline concentration (specified via the keyword SURFST (see 12.8.9));
Ast (Calkl ) – surface tension multiplier, that depends on alkaline concentration (specified via the keyword ALSURFST (see 12.8.23)).
Effect on surfactant and polymer adsorption. Alkaline reduces surfactant and polymer adsorption on the rock and enhance their effectiveness this way. Mass of adsorbed surfactant and polymer is calculated via the formula: Porv ∗ Mrock ∗Cads ∗
1−φ ∗ Aad (Calkl ) φ
where:
2.24. Alkaline flooding
100
2.25. Surfactant injection
tNavigator-4.2
Porv – block pore volume;
Mrock – rock mass density (specified via SURFROCK (see 12.8.12), PLYROCK (see 12.8.20));
Cads – concentration of adsorbed surfactant and polymer (from the keywords SURFADS (see 12.8.8), PLYADS (see 12.8.17);
φ – porosity;
Aad (Calkl ) – adsorption multiplier that depends on the alkaline concentration (specified via ALSURFAD (see 12.8.24), ALPOLADS (see 12.8.25)).
In case if the alkaline desorption is prevented then it affects on the surfactant and polymer irreversible. Mass of adsorbed surfactant and polymer in this case is calculated via the formula: 1−φ max ∗ Aad (Calkl ) Porv ∗ Mrock ∗Cads ∗ φ where:
max – maximum alkaline concentration, that was reached in the block during the Calkl calculated period.
2.25
Surfactant injection
tNavigator has an option of Surfactant injection simulation (and solvents injection). This option is based on tracers simulation technology. Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding – ASP model. Full description of ASP mathematical model is in the section – 5.9. The keyword SURFACT (see 12.1.46) indicates the Surfactant option. These chemical agents are injected to the formation as an admixture to the phase (water – in case of surfactants, oil – in case of solvents) and they change the oil-water surface tension. In tNavigator admixture influence to surface tension can be simulated using relative phase permeability scaling ENPTRC (see 12.6.41). Surfactant adsorption. Surfactant adsorption is a function of surfactant concentration and is specified via the keyword SURFADS (see 12.8.8). Mass of adsorbed surfactant (MadsSURF ) is calculated by the formula: MadsSURF = Porv ∗
1−φ ∗ Mrock ∗ FA(CadsSURF ) φ
where:
2.25. Surfactant injection
101
2.25. Surfactant injection
tNavigator-4.2
Porv – block pore volume;
φ – porosity;
Mrock – mass density of the rock (specified via the keyword SURFROCK (see 12.8.12));
FA(CadsSURF ) – surfactant adsorption function from a local surfactant concentration (specified via the keyword SURFADS (see 12.8.8)).
The following adsorption model is supported: each grid block retraces the adsorption function as the surfactant concentration falls in the cell. De-adsorption is possible. The change of wettability. tNavigator simulates the changes to wettability of the rock that is provided by the accumulation of surfactant. the keyword SATNUM (see 12.4.3) specifies saturation function regions for oil-wettability (properties are specified via keywords SWFN (see 12.6.13), SOF2 (see 12.6.12), SOF3 (see 12.6.15), SWOF (see 12.6.1)), also these keywords specify additional saturation functions which are used for water-wettability case. The keyword SURFWNUM (see 12.4.5) sets the number for every grid block specifying the saturation function region to which it belongs for water-wettability case. Calculating of the immiscible RP and capillary pressure. First, the water-wettability and oil-wettability endpoints are interpolated and the curves scaled to honor these points. Second, a weighted average of the oil-wettability value and of the water-wettability value is used. Formula for calculation: kr = F(kr )ow + (1 − F)(kr )ww where:
F – ratio, specified via SURFADDW (see 12.8.13) (F – function of adsorbed surfactant concentration); (kr )ow – the scaled oil-wettability value of kr , specified via SATNUM (see 12.4.3); (kr )ww – the scaled water-wettability value of kr , specified via SURFWNUM (see 12.4.5).
The keyword SURFDW (see 12.8.14) can be used instead of the keyword SURFADDW (see 12.8.13). In the keyword SURFDW (see 12.8.14): F – function of the concentration of dissolved (in the water) surfactant in grid block. In SURFADDW (see 12.8.13): F – function of adsorbed surfactant concentration in grid block. In case of table SURFDW (see 12.8.14) interpolation occurs only water RP (surfactant dissolved in water affects only water RP but not on oil and gas RP). In the case of table SURFADDW (see 12.8.13) adsorbed surfactant affects all three phases RP.
2.25. Surfactant injection
102
2.26. Waters with different salinities
2.25.1
Keywords
Keyword SURFACT (see 12.1.46)
Section RUNSPEC
SURFACTW (see 12.1.47)
RUNSPEC
SURFADS (see 12.8.8) SURFADDW (see 12.8.13)
PROPS PROPS
SURFDW (see 12.8.14)
PROPS
SURFCAPD (see 12.8.11) SURFST (see 12.8.9)
PROPS PROPS
SURFVISC (see 12.8.10)
PROPS
SURFROCK (see 12.8.12) ENPTRC (see 12.6.41)
PROPS PROPS
SURFNUM (see 12.4.4) SURFWNUM (see 12.4.5)
REGIONS REGIONS
WSURFACT (see 12.18.149)
SCHEDULE
2.26
tNavigator-4.2
Description Defines that surfactants will be used in the model Defines that surfactants will be used in the model, the change of wettability will be simulated Specifies surfactant adsorption functions Coefficient is used to simulate the change to wettability due to adsorbed surfactant concentration Coefficient is used to simulate the change to wettability due to dissolved surfactant concentration in grid block Surfactant capillary de-saturation functions Water-oil surface tension as a function of surfactant concentration Viscosity of water solution as a function of surfactant concentration Specifies surfactant-rock properties In tNavigator admixture influence to surface tension is simulated using relative phase permeability scaling Surfactant miscible region number Saturation function region number in waterwettability case Specifies the concentration of surfactant in the injection stream
Waters with different salinities
tNavigator supports the following options to simulate waters with different salinities:
BRINE (see 12.1.58) option – this keywords sets that mixing of waters with different salinities will be used.
Additional option to BRINE (see 12.1.58) – Fresh water injection into the saline reservoir. Reservoir salt is dissolved that leads to formation porosity changes and to increasing of salt concentration in the water, water density and viscosity increase too – section 2.26.1.
Low salinity water simulation – LOWSALT (see 12.1.59). In this case the following effect is simulated: salinity dependence of the oil and water relative permeabilities and the water-oil capillary pressure as functions of the salt concentration – 2.26.3.
2.25.1. Keywords
103
2.26. Waters with different salinities
2.26.1
tNavigator-4.2
Fresh water injection into the saline reservoir
Salination of reservoir production layers – is the way to localize residual reserves of hydrocarbons, determine the efficiency of reservoir development, determine oil Flooding efficiency depends on pore filling of salt and depends on salt solubility in the fresh water. tNavigator has an option – simulation of fresh water injection into the saline reservoir. Option BRINE (see 12.1.58) – This keyword indicates that the Brine Tracking option is enable, to allow the modeling of waters with different salinities. Salt washing-out with fresh water is simulated the following way:
ROCKSALT (see 12.15.40) (mass of reservoir salt that can be dissolved kg);
initial reservoir salt concentration can be specified through its saturation SRSALT (see 12.15.43);
spreading of injected water is calculated (water salinity is specified via WSALT (see 12.18.152));
reservoir salt is dissolved that leads to formation porosity changes and to increasing of salt concentration in the water, water density and viscosity increase too (see PVTWSALT (see 12.7.14)) (The keyword BDENSITY (see 12.7.9) specifies the brine surface density variation with the salt concentration);
oil viscosity and water viscosity are equalized that leads to improvement of oil forcing out;
ultimate concentration of dissolved (in the water) salt – SALTPROP (see 12.7.4);
reservoir salt dissolution rate is directly proportional to difference of salt solution (current and saturated).
The keyword SALTTRM (see 12.7.5) sets the dependence between permeability and amount of dissolved reservoir salt. SALTTRM (see 12.7.5) and SALTPROP (see 12.7.4) can be specified for different PVT regions. In tNavigator admixture influence to surface tension is simulated using relative phase permeability scaling ENPTRC (see 12.6.41). The initial salt concentration (kg/m3 ) can be specify via the keyword SALT (see 12.15.41). The keyword should be used when the initial state has been set by enumeration (keywords PRESSURE (see 12.15.8), RS (see 12.15.31), RV (see 12.15.32), SGAS (see 12.15.11) and SWAT (see 12.15.10)). For a run initialized by equilibration EQUIL (see 12.15.2), the keyword SALTVD (see 12.15.42) should be used instead of SALT (see 12.15.41) (salt concentration versus depth for equilibration). Brine option is supported for aquifers (BRINE (see 12.1.58)) (salt concentration is set via keywords AQUFETP (see 12.16.6), AQUFET (see 12.16.4), AQUCT (see 12.16.8)).
2.26.1. Fresh water injection into the saline reservoir
104
2.26. Waters with different salinities
2.26.2
Keywords
Keyword BRINE (see 12.1.58)
Section RUNSPEC
PVTWSALT (see 12.7.14)
PROPS
BDENSITY (see 12.7.9)
PROPS
SALTPROP (see 12.7.4)
PROPS
SALTTRM (see 12.7.5)
PROPS
ENPTRC (see 12.6.41)
PROPS
SALT (see 12.15.41)
SOLUTION
SALTVD (see 12.15.42)
SOLUTION
ROCKSALT (see 12.15.40)
SOLUTION
SRSALT (see 12.15.43)
SOLUTION
WSALT (see 12.18.152)
SCHEDULE
2.26.3
tNavigator-4.2
Description This keyword indicates that the Brine Tracking option is enable, to allow the modeling of waters with different salinities Specifies water PVT data for runs in which the Brine option is active Specifies the brine surface density variation with the salt concentration Specifies properties of dissolved and reservoir salt: concentration of saturated salt solution, density of reservoir salt, solution rate constant of reservoir salt Specifies the dependence between permeability and amount of dissolved reservoir salt In tNavigator admixture influence to surface tension is simulated using relative phase permeability scaling Specifies initial salt concentration for each grid block Specifies initial salt concentration versus depth for equilibration Specifies initial mass of reservoir salt for each grid block Specifies initial reservoir salt concentration through its saturation Specifies the concentration of salt in the well injection stream
Low salinity option
This option is activated via the keyword – LOWSALT (see 12.1.59). (this keyword automatically turns on the option BRINE (see 12.1.58) – simulation of waters with different salinities – section 2.26.1.) If the option LOWSALT is used then the oil and water RP and the water-oil capillary pressure are functions of the salt concentration. High and low salinity saturation regions are set via the keywords SATNUM (see 12.4.3) and LWSLTNUM (see 12.4.6) (or LSNUM (see 12.4.6) – analogue of LWSLTNUM). Then oil and water table saturation end points are interpolated (index i) via the formulas using high (index h) and low (index l ) salinity tables saturation end-points:
2.26.2. Keywords
105
2.27. Scale deposition model
tNavigator-4.2
i = F Sl + (1 − F )Sh (minimum water saturation (connate)) SW 1 Wc 1 Wc c
i l h SW cr = F1 SW cr + (1 − F1 )SW cr (critical water saturation)
i l h SW max = F1 SW max + (1 − F1 )SW max (maximum water saturation)
h l i SOW cr = F1 SOW cr + (1 − F1 )SOW cr (residual oil saturation in water-oil system)
h l i (residual oil saturation in gas-oil system) + (1 − F1 )SOGcr = F1 SOGcr SOGcr
F1 is a function of the salt concentration (set via the keyword LSALTFNC (see 12.7.15)). Then RP and capillary pressures are calculated the following way:
i = F kl + (1 − F )kh krW 1 rW 1 rW
i l h krOW = F1 krOW + (1 − F1 )krOW
i l h krOG = F1 krOG + (1 − F1 )krOG
picOW = F2 plcOW + (1 − F2 )phcOW
Where: F2 is a function of the salt concentration (set via the keyword LSALTFNC (see 12.7.15)). The high and low water and oil RP and capillary pressures are calculated from the high and low salinity saturation tables by applying two-point saturation end-point scaling.
h = f (S , Si i h krW W W cr ), SW max , krW max
l = f (S , Si i l krW W W cr ), SW max , krW max
analogously for krOW , krOG , pcOW .
2.27
Scale deposition model
The cumulative effects of scale deposited around the well connections and the resulting degradation of the productivity index due to sea water injection are supported in tNavigator via the following keywords:
SCDATAB (see 12.18.229) – set the reduction coefficient for the productivity index of each connection in a well dependence of the current amount of scale deposited per unit length of perforated interval as a table;
SCDPTAB (see 12.18.227) – defines total rate of scale deposition per unit flow rate of water into a well connection dependence of the fraction of sea water present in the water flowing through this connection as a table;
SCDPDIMS (see 12.1.108) – set the dependences number;
2.27. Scale deposition model
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WSCTAB (see 12.18.230) – assign tables to individual wells;
SCDPTRAC (see 12.18.228) – note tracer name, which concentration represents the fraction of sea water present in the water flowing into a well.
2.28
Dual porosity
Dual porosity is specifying by the keyword DUALPORO (see 12.1.76). Dual permeability — DUALPERM (see 12.1.77). Dual porosity. In a reservoir with the dual porosity there are two systems: rock matrix (the biggest part of the reservoir) and fractures (which have high permeability). Dual porosity single permeability: fluid flow between matrix cells is possible only using fractures. Fluid flow through the reservoir is possible only in fractures. Dual porosity dual permeability: fluid flow between neighboring matrix cells is possible. If these options are used, for every geometric grid block we consider two cells: the matrix part and the fracture part of this block. One can specify their properties (porosity, permeability etc.) independently. If the keyword DUALPORO (see 12.1.76) or DUALPERM (see 12.1.77) is used, the number of layers in the Z-direction should be even (this number is entered by the third parameter of the keyword DIMENS (see 12.1.25) (NZ). The first half of the grid blocks corresponds to the matrix cells, and the second half – fracture cells. tNavigator automatically create non-neighbor connections which correspond to the matrix-fracture flows. The keyword PERMMF (see 12.2.14) sets permeability for matrix-fracture blocks. The keyword NODPPM (see 12.1.83) cancels a multiplication of permeability (for the fracture blocks) by porosity (fracture blocks) during the dual porosity run. Since this multiplication is used to obtain a net bulk fracture permeability one have to enter this value manually if NODPPM is enable. DPNUM (see 12.2.65) – specifies reservoir fields that should be considered as single porosity fields. DPGRID (see 12.2.66) – if the keyword is enable one should specify grid data only for matrix blocks (NX * NY * (NZ/2)); values for fracture blocks will be obtained (copied) from corresponding matrix blocks. This operation is applied for the values specified by following keywords: DX (see 12.2.2), DY (see 12.2.2), DZ (see 12.2.2), PERMX (see 12.2.13), PERMY (see 12.2.13), PERMZ (see 12.2.13), PORO (see 12.2.24), TOPS (see 12.2.6), NTG (see 12.2.25), DZNET (see 12.2.26), ZCORN (see 12.2.9), DEPTH (see 12.3.27). This operation is applied only for
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fracture blocks which don’t have manually input grid data. THCONMF (see 12.2.72) – specifies the matrix to fracture thermal conductivity value for each matrix block in dual porosity run (2.28) with THERMAL (see 12.1.50) option. Transmissibility calculations in dual porosity runs. Matrix-fracture transmissibility is calculated via the formula: Tr = CDARCY ∗ K ∗V ∗ σ where K – X-direction permeability of the matrix blocks X, V – matrix cell bulk volume, σ – sigma-factor. σ sigma-factor can be specified for whole reservoir – SIGMA (see 12.2.67) or different values for different grid blocks can be entered – SIGMAV (see 12.2.68). Sigma-factor is related to the distances between fractures (matrix block sizes) in X, Y and Z directions: 1 1 1 σ = 4( 2 + 2 + 2 ), lx ly lz lx , ly and lz – the distances between fractures (matrix block sizes) in X, Y and Z directions. (These distances are not the dimensions DX (see 12.2.2), DY (see 12.2.2), DZ (see 12.2.2).) Default. If no one of the keywords SIGMA, SIGMAV (see 12.2.68), LTOSIGMA (see 12.2.69) is specified, sigma-factor will be considered as zero. Viscous Displacement. VISCD (see 12.1.82) – the keyword sets that the Viscous displacement option will be used in the dual porosity run. If this option is used, one should specify the distances between fractures (matrix block sizes) in X, Y and Z directions using keywords LX (see 12.2.64), LY (see 12.2.64), LZ (see 12.2.64). Viscous displacement – fluid flow under the influence of pressure gradient. One can observe a pressure gradient in the dual porosity system. This gradient moves the fluid in the fracture towards the production well. If this gradient is small and fracture permeability is high, the matrix-fracture viscous displacement under the influence of pressure gradient isn’t considered. Nevertheless, if fractions have small permeability then the matrix-fracture viscous displacement under the influence of pressure gradient can be very important in production. tNavigator can compute a σ factor using keywords LX (see 12.2.64), LY (see 12.2.64), LZ (see 12.2.64) and LTOSIGMA (see 12.2.69). If tNavigator compute σ , any manually input of this parameter (SIGMA (see 12.2.67)) in data file will be ignored. LTOSIGMA (see 12.2.69) – this keyword can be used in dual porosity run, if the option Viscous displacement is enable (VISCD (see 12.1.82)). Using the keyword LTOSIGMA (see 12.2.69) sigma-factor multiplier can be obtained from the distances between fractures (matrix block sizes).
2.28. Dual porosity
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Sigma-factor is related to the distances between fractures (matrix block sizes) in X, Y and Z directions: fx fy fz σ = 2 + 2 + 2, lx ly lz lx , ly and lz – the distances between fractures (matrix block sizes) in X, Y and Z directions. (These distances are not the dimensions DX (see 12.2.2), DY (see 12.2.2), DZ (see 12.2.2).) The values of lx , ly, lz that aren’t specified or are equal to zero will not be used in calculations. LTOSIGMA (see 12.2.69) defines f x , f y, f z. Multipliers for sigma-factor. Sigma-factor (defined via SIGMA (see 12.2.67), SIGMAV (see 12.2.68)) is multiplied by the multiplier MULTSIG (see 12.18.120) (the same multiplier for whole reservoir) or different multipliers for grid blocks can be entered using the keyword MULTSIGV (see 12.18.121). MULTMF (see 12.2.73) – the keyword specifies multiplier which is used to calculate the matrix-fracture flows.
2.28.1
RP at dual porosity runs.
KRNUMMF (see 12.4.25) – This keyword specifies the number of matrix-fracture saturation table regions for each grid block. The keyword can be used for dual porosity runs DUALPORO (see 12.1.76) and dual permeability DUALPERM (see 12.1.77). In accordance with the grid specification for dual porosity models (upper part – the matrix, the lower – fracture) the flow from the fracture to the matrix uses a saturation table for matrix, the flow from the fracture to the matrix uses a saturation table for fracture. IMBNUMMF (see 12.4.26) – This keyword specifies the number of matrix-fracture imbibition regions for each grid block. The keyword can be used for dual porosity runs DUALPORO (see 12.1.76) and dual permeability DUALPERM (see 12.1.77) in case when hysteresis option is used (parameter HYSTER of the keyword SATOPTS (see 12.1.68)). In accordance with the grid specification for dual porosity models (upper part – the matrix, the lower – fracture) the flow from the fracture to the matrix uses an imbibition table for matrix, the flow from the fracture to the matrix uses an imbibition table for fracture.
2.28.2
Gravity drainage option
The following keywords are supported:
GRAVDR (see 12.1.79) – This keyword switches on an option of gravity drainage between matrix and fracture cells for dual porosity models;
2.28.1. RP at dual porosity runs.
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GRAVDRM (see 12.1.80) – This keyword switches on an option of alternative gravity drainage between matrix and fracture cells for dual porosity models;
DZMTRX (see 12.2.74) – This keyword sets the vertical size of a block of matrix material in dual porosity run with gravity imbibition option. One value is specified for all grid blocks;
DZMTRXV (see 12.2.76) – This keyword sets the vertical size of a block of matrix material in dual porosity run with gravity imbibition option. Different values can be specified for different grid blocks;
DZMATRIX (see 12.2.75) – analogue to DZMTRX (see 12.2.74);
SIGMAGD (see 12.2.70) – The keyword sets a sigma-factor for oil-gas system that is used in alternative matrix-fracture coupling for matrix blocks in which the production mechanism is gravity drainage due to the presence of gas in the fractures. One value is specified for all grid blocks;
SIGMAGDV (see 12.2.71) – The keyword sets a sigma-factor for oil-gas system that is used in alternative matrix-fracture coupling for matrix blocks in which the production mechanism is gravity drainage due to the presence of gas in the fractures. Different values can be specified for different grid blocks.
2.29
Coal Bed Methane Model
Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Model can be activated COAL (see 12.1.78). Coal Bed Methane Model is simulated via dual porosity model (2.28, DUALPORO (see 12.1.76): coal matrix and the permeable rock fractures. Adsorption model is set by the keyword CBMOPTS (see 12.1.123). Gas is adsorbed into the coal matrix. First de-watering of the fractures is done, then (due to pressure drop) there is gas desorption from the surface of the coal to the fracture. Adsorption and diffusion. The diffusive flow of gas from the coal matrix to fracture is calculated via the following formula: Fg = DIFFMF ∗ Dc ∗ (GCb − GCs ) where:
Fg – gas flow;
Dc – diffusion coefficient (DIFFCOAL (see 12.9.1));
GCb – bulk gas concentration;
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GCs – surface gas concentration (function of fracture pressure, specified via LANGMUIR (see 12.9.2)). In different CBM regions different properties can be specified (CBM regions – COALNUM (see 12.4.15)). Multipliers for concentration values are set via the keyword LANGMULT (see 12.9.3).;
DIFFMF – diffusivity: DIFFMF = DIFFMMF ∗Vol ∗ σ ;
DIFFMMF – multiplier specified via the keyword DIFFMMF (see 12.2.99);
Vol – block coal volume;
σ – multiplier that can be specified for the whole field (SIGMA (see 12.2.67)) or for each grid block (SIGMAV (see 12.2.68)).
In case if the surface gas concentration is greater than the bulk gas concentration, gas may be readsorbed into the coal. Fg = DIFFMF ∗ Dc ∗ SG ∗ RF ∗ (GCb − GCs ) where:
SG – gas saturation in the fracture;
RF – re-adsorption factor (DIFFCOAL (see 12.9.1)). If RF = 0 re-adsorption is prevented.
Initial coal gas concentration can be set via GASCONC (see 12.15.46). Initial saturated coal gas concentration can be set via GASSATC (see 12.15.47). Note GASCONC: for compositional model in E300 format the keyword GASCONC can set the initial coal gas concentration for one component defined via GASCCMP (see 12.15.48). Note 1 GASSATC: for the model in the format E100 the keyword GASSATC (see 12.15.47) is used for the Langmuir isotherm scaling LANGMUIR (see 12.9.2) at the initial reservoir pressure. In case if the keyword GASCONC is not specified, LANGMUIR (see 12.9.2) data will be used without scaling. Note 2 GASSATC: for compositional model in E300 format the keyword GASSATC (see 12.15.47) is used for the Langmuir isotherm scaling (LANGMUIR (see 12.9.2) or LANGMEXT (see 12.9.4)) at the initial reservoir pressure and composition in the reservoir for one component. The component is defined via the keyword GASCCMP (see 12.15.48). This scaling factor is used for other components. Extended Langmuir isotherm. Extended Langmuir isotherm specifies the coal sorption for components via LANGMEXT (see 12.9.4).
2.29. Coal Bed Methane Model
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For each component two parameters should be specified: Vi – Langmuir volume constant, pi – Langmuir pressure constant. Different isotherms can be used for different CBM regions COALNUM (see 12.4.15). For each component we calculate: yi ppi ps (Vi L(p, y1 , y2 , ...)i = φ p ) RTs 1 + ∑nc j=1 y j p j where:
φ – scaling factor;
ps – pressure at standard conditions;
R – universal gas constant;
Ts – temperature at standard conditions;
Vi – Langmuir volume constant for component i (specified via LANGMEXT (see 12.9.4));
pi – Langmuir pressure constant for component i (specified via LANGMEXT (see 12.9.4));
yi – hydro carbon mole fraction in gas phase for component i;
p – pressure.
Time dependent diffusion for compositional models. The diffusive flow for component i from the coal matrix to fracture is calculated via the following formula: Fi = DIFFMF ∗ Dc,i ∗ Sg ∗ RFi ∗ (mi − ρc Li ) where:
mi – molar density in the matrix coal;
Dc,i – diffusion coefficient for component i (DIFFCBM (see 12.9.5));
ρc – coal density (ROCKDEN (see 12.2.96));
RFi – readsorption factor for component i (RESORB (see 12.9.6));
Sg – gas saturation ;
DIFFMF – diffusivity: DIFFMF = 1 ∗Vol ∗ σ ;
Vol – block coal volume;
σ – multiplier that can be specified for the whole field (SIGMA (see 12.2.67)) or for each grid block (SIGMAV (see 12.2.68)).
2.29. Coal Bed Methane Model
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2.30. Temperature option
2.30
tNavigator-4.2
Temperature option
For temperature option tNavigator supports the following keywords:
TEMP (see 12.1.60) – indicates that the temperature option is enable, to allow the modeling of the temperature effects of cold water injection;
TEMPR (see 12.1.61) – indicates that the temperature option is enable. This keyword is different from the keyword TEMP (see 12.1.60) the following way: grid blocks with zero pore volume are used in simulation (if they are not dis-activated via ACTNUM (see 12.2.29)). There is no filtration in these blocks, but their heat capacity will be taken into account in temperature calculations.
SPECROCK (see 12.14.75) – specifies the volume specific heat of rock as a function of temperature;
SPECHEAT (see 12.14.76) – specifies the volume specific heat of oil, gas, water as a function of temperature;
OILVISCT (see 12.14.40) – sets the table of oil viscosity as a function of temperature for each PVT region;
WATVISCT (see 12.14.39) – sets the table of water viscosity as a function of temperature for each PVT region;
VISCREF (see 12.14.38) – sets reference pressure and reference dissolved gas concentration for each PVT region;
THCONR (see 12.14.15) – sets the rock thermal conductivity;
RTEMPA (see 12.15.27) – specifies initial reservoir temperature;
RTEMPVD (see 12.15.28) – specifies the dependence between initial reservoir temperature and depth;
WTEMP (see 12.18.153) – specifies the temperature of injected water;
WTEMPDEF (see 12.15.29) – default water temperature for injectors is case if the keyword WTEMP (see 12.18.153) is not defined;
TRMTEMP (see 12.7.12) – the function depending on the factor of absolute permeability on the temperature (for polymer flooding models 2.20.2);
ROCKCONT (see 12.2.80) – specifies the connection between the reservoir and cap and base rocks, initial temperature, volumetric heat capacity, rock conductivity of reservoir surroundings and minimal difference between temperatures, which will be used to model the heat exchange between the reservoir and surroundings.
2.30. Temperature option
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2.31. Geomechanical model
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Water and oil viscosity calculations. Viscosity dependence on pressure can be specified: µW (p, T ) = µW (T )
0 (p) µW 0 (p ) µW re f
where
µW (T ) – water viscosity (at reference pressure), specified via WATVISCT (see 12.14.39) (depends on temperature);
0 (p) – water viscosity as a function of pressure (specified using PVTW (see 12.5.5)); µW
pre f – reference pressure (specified using VISCREF (see 12.14.38)).
Oil viscosity at the prevailing pressure and Rs is calculated the following way: µO = µT (T )
µ p (p, Rs ) µ p (pre f , Rsre f )
where
µT – viscosity from the keyword OILVISCT (see 12.14.40) (assumed to be at the reference pressure and Rs , specified via VISCREF (see 12.14.38));
µ p – viscosity from PVCO (see 12.5.6) (or PVDO (see 12.5.2));
pre f – reference pressure, specified via VISCREF (see 12.14.38);
Rsre f – reference Rs , specified via VISCREF (see 12.14.38).
2.31
Geomechanical model
2.31.1
Description of Geomechanical model
In tNavigator the following keywords can be used:
GEOMECH (see 12.1.91) – this keyword in RUNSPEC section means that will be used geomechanical model describing the elastic deformation of the rock;
ROCKSTRE (see 12.5.20) – sets the diagonal elements of the stress tensor (the regional stress);
ROCKAXES (see 12.5.19) – sets the azimuth and zenith angle of the regional stress;
ROCK (see 12.5.16) - defined by the following elastic properties of rocks: 1. pre f - reference pressure;
2.31. Geomechanical model
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2. C pp - rock compressibility; 3. CR - compressibility of the rock matrix, CR = KS−1 ; 1
- block compressibility (block that contains mixture), Cbc = K −1 ; Kbulk 5. porosity value φ0 at reference pressure pre f , if CR is not specified or Cbc ;
4. Cbc =
6. the value of Poisson coefficient ν0 at reference pressure pre f , if Cbc is not specified; Parameters CR and Cbc (if they are not specified) are calculated the following way: 1. if rock compressibility Cbc is not specified, but CR , φ0 , C = C pp are specified, then: Cbc = φ0C pp + (1 + φ0 )CR (2.114) 2. if compressibility of the rock matrix CR is not specified, but φ0 , C = C pp are specified: Cbc CR = (2.115) 3(1 − ν0 )φ0 1+ 2(1 − 2ν0 )(1 − φ0 ) 3. if the value of Poisson coefficient is not specified ν0 : CR =
Cbc 3φ0 1+ 2(1 − φ0 )
(2.116)
4. if C pp is not specified, the default value will be used C pp = 0.00005bars−1 5. if φ0 is not specified, the default value will be used φ0 = 0.33; The following relation id used for calculating the constant Bio in each block based on rock properties, specified in the keyword ROCK (see 12.5.16): α = 1−
Kbulk CR = 1− . KS Cbc
(2.117)
Calculation of azimuth angle of hydraulic fracture. Default values of azimuth and zenith angle (8-th and 9-th parameters of the keyword WFRACP (see 12.18.124)) and GEOMECH (see 12.1.91) option provide calculation of azimuthal angle according to the elastic state of the cells belonging to the fracture and to the well (example is in the description of the keyword WFRACP (see 12.18.124)), zenith angle is 0 ◦ ;
2.31.1. Description of Geomechanical model
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2.31. Geomechanical model
2.31.2
tNavigator-4.2
Mixture K f
The following relationship for K f estimation is used 1 So Sw Sg = + + , Kf Ko Kw Kg
SP - phase concentration, P = W, O, G,
KP - the coefficient of uniform phase compression, P = W, O, G.
1/KP = CP = −
1 ∂ BP , BP ∂ p
CP - phase compressibility P = W, O, G;
BP - Formation Volume Factor P = W, O, G.
2.31.3
(2.118)
(2.119)
The calculation of the diagonal elements of the tensor of mechanical stress
Using the dependence φ = φ (p, T ) and the calculation results of the hydrodynamic simulation, at each time step we update the values of the diagonal elements of the tensor of mechanical stress: 1 1 Kbulk n+1 n ∆φ − ∆p 1 − + , i = 1, 2, 3. (2.120) σii = σii + α C pp KS C pp K f Where ∆ f = f (T n+1 , pn+1 ) − f (T n , pn ), where f = f (T, p). 2.31.4
Keywords
Keyword GEOMECH (see 12.1.91)
Section RUNSPEC
ROCKSTRE (see 12.5.20)
PROPS
ROCKAXES (see 12.5.19)
PROPS
ROCK (see 12.5.16)
PROPS
2.31.2. Mixture K f
Description Specifies geomechanical model describing the elastic deformation of the rock Specifies the diagonal elements of the stress tensor (the regional stress) Specifies the azimuth and zenith angle of the regional stress Specifies elastic properties of rocks
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3.1. Equations of state
3
tNavigator-4.2
Compositional model
3.1
Equations of state
The following equations of state are considered p=
RT a − . v − b (v + m1 b)(v + m2 b)
(3.1)
tNavigator supports the following equation types: Redlich-Kwong (RK), Soave-RedlichKwong (SRK), Peng-Robinson (PR). The default values are: EOS RK, SRK PR
m1 0 √ 1+ 2
m2 1 √ 1− 2
Ωa0 0.4274802 0.457235529
Ωb0 0.08664035 0.077796074
Default values of parameters Ωa0 and Ωb0 can be overrided via the keywords OMEGAA (see 12.13.34) and OMEGAB (see 12.13.34). The equation (3.1) devided by p is: A 1 − = 1, Z − B (Z + m1 B)(Z + m2 B) where A=
pa , (RT )2
B=
pb , RT
Z=
(3.2)
pv . RT
Z is called the supercompressibility factor. Coefficients a, b and A, B uniform forms of the second and first degree of the molar concentrations of the components ci : A = ∑ Ai j ci c j , i, j
(3.3)
B = ∑ Bi ci . i
Forms coefficients are calculated via the following way Ai j = (1 − βi j )(Ai A j )0.5 ,
Ai = Ωa (T, i)
pri , Tri2
Bi = Ωb (T, i)
pri . Tri
where pri = p/pci ,
Tri = T /Tci ,
pci and Tci — component critical pressure and temperature (PCRIT (see 12.13.19), TCRIT (see 12.13.17)), βi j — pair interaction coefficients of components (BIC (see 12.13.32)), Ωa
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3.2. Density
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and Ωb depends on the Equation of state: Ωa (T, i) = Ωa0 Tri−0.5 , Ωb (T, i) = Ωb0 , 2 SRK : Ωa (T, i) = Ωa0 1 + (0.48 + 1.574ωi − 0.176ωi2 )(1 − Tri0.5 ) ,
RK :
PR :
Ωb (T, i) = Ωb0 , 2 2 0.5 Ωa (T, i) = Ωa0 1 + (0.37464 + 1.54226ωi − 0.26992ωi )(1 − Tri ) ,
PR∗ :
Ωb (T, i) = Ωb0 , 2 Ωa (T, i) = Ωa0 1 + (0.379642 + 1.48503ωi − 0.164423ωi2 + 0.016666ωi3 )(1 − Tri0.5 ) , if ωi > 0.49.
Where ωi — acentric factor of the component (ACF (see 12.13.30)), Modification of PengRobinson equation PR∗ is used if the keyword PRCORR (see 12.13.40) is specified. Temperature T is fixed and it is specified via the keywords RTEMP (see 12.13.7) or TEMPVD (see 12.14.68). 3.1.1
EOS in reservoir and surface conditions
Two different sets of data can be used for equations of state for the reservoir and surface conditions. The following keywors are used for EOS in surface conditions: ACFS (see 12.13.31), BICS (see 12.13.33), OMEGAAS (see 12.13.35), OMEGABS (see 12.13.35), MWS (see 12.13.28), PCRITS (see 12.13.20), SSHIFTS (see 12.13.42), TCRITS (see 12.13.18), VCRITS (see 12.13.22), ZCRITS (see 12.13.25). The following keywors are used for EOS in reservoir conditions: ACF (see 12.13.30), BIC (see 12.13.32), OMEGAA (see 12.13.34), OMEGAB (see 12.13.34), MW (see 12.13.27), MWW (see 12.13.29), PCRIT (see 12.13.19), SSHIFT (see 12.13.41), TCRIT (see 12.13.17), VCRIT (see 12.13.21), ZCRIT (see 12.13.24). If any (or all) keywords for surface EOS are not specified then these parameters are taken from reservoir condition keywords by defaul. A different EOS to use in surface conditions can be specified using the keyword EOSS (see 12.13.6).
3.2
Density
For equation of state phase molar density is defined by formula p ξP = . ZRT 3.1.1. EOS in reservoir and surface conditions
(3.4)
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Three parameter equation of state with shifts ! n ZRT − ∑ zi bi si , p i=1
ξP = 1/
(3.5)
where P – phase, zi — component in oil phase xi or in gas phase yi si — shift parameter of the component i, specified via the keyword SSHIFT (see 12.13.41) ci bi = Ωb RT pci Phase mass density is calculated by the formula ρP = ξP MwP ,
(3.6)
where MwP average molecular weight of phase P, N
MwP = ∑ Mwi ci ,
(3.7)
i=1
Mwi — molecular weight of component i.
3.3
Viscosity
For default the method Lohrenz-Bray-Clark Correlation is used (see section 3.3.1). PEDERSEN (see 12.13.52) keyword specifies that viscosities will be calculated via Pederson’s method (see section Pedersen Correlation). 3.3.1
Lohrenz-Bray-Clark Correlation
In viscosity calculation of µP the correlation Lohrenz-Bray-Clark is used (µP − µP∗ )χ + 10−4
1/4
2 3 4 = a1 + a2 ξrP + a3 ξrP + a4 ξrP + a5 ξrP .
(3.8)
Where:
ξrP = ξP /ξc .
a1 = 0.1023000, a2 = 0.0233640, a3 = 0.0585330, a4 = −0.0407580, a5 = 0.0093324. These coefficients can be overrided via the keyword LBCCOEF (see 12.13.36). One should use the keyword LBCCOEFR (see 12.13.37) to set different coefficients for each equation of state region.
χ - function of molecular weights, critical temperature and critical pressure.
3.3. Viscosity
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Critical moler density ξc is calculated via the following formula N
ξc =
∑ ciVci
!−1 ,
(3.9)
i=1
where Vci – critical molar volume of the component i, specified by user (keywords VCRIT (see 12.13.21), VCRITVIS (see 12.13.23)) or calculated from critical Z-factors (keyword ZCRIT (see 12.13.24), ZCRITVIS (see 12.13.26)). 3.3.2
Pedersen Correlation
Detailed description of Pedersen correlation is in [23]. It sets via the keyword PEDERSEN (see 12.13.52). User parameters for Pedersen correlation can be set via the keywords PEDTUNE (see 12.13.53), PEDTUNER (see 12.13.54).
3.3.2. Pedersen Correlation
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4.1. Basic volumes
4
tNavigator-4.2
Compositional thermal model with chemical reactions
Let’s consider a compositional thermal model with chemical reactions which is used in tNavigator. There are three (four) phases and three (four) or more components:
water phase (water)— doesn’t mix with hydrocarbon phases, consists of one component – water;
liquid hydrocarbon phase (oil) — consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon components, at certain pressure, temperature and with a certain concentration of components in the liquid phase;
gas hydrocarbon phase (gas) — consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon components, oxygen-component, water-component, at certain pressure, temperature and with a certain concentration of components in the gas phase.
solid phase (coke) – consists of one component – coke.
The following phase changes are supported: water gas gas oil oil oil, gas coke, gas
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒
gas water oil gas coke gas, water gas, water
—vaporization —condensation —solution —oil evaporation —carbonization —burning —burning
The solid phase is specified using the keyword SOLID (see 12.1.57) in e300 data format; MODEL (see 13.5.4) – in stars data format. Component volatility type is specified using CVTYPE (see 12.14.1) in e300; MODEL (see 13.5.4).
4.1
Basic volumes
The unit grid block volume Vb is Vb = VR +Vp ,
Vp = VS +V f ,
V f = VW +VO +VG
where
VR – rock volume (is used in the description of thermal properties),
Vp – pore volume, V f – "mobile" volume,
VS – solid phase volume (solid phase),
VP , P = W, O, G – water, oil, gas phase volume.
4. Compositional thermal model with chemical reactions
121
4.3. Phases
tNavigator-4.2
Porosity φ — the volume which can be filled with a mixture: φ=
VS +V f Vp VS +V f = = Vb Vb VR +VS +V f
"Mobile" porosity φ f — the volume, which can be filled with a mobile mixture: V f +VS −VS Vf VS VS VS = = φ − = φ 1− = φ 1− φf = Vb Vb Vb V f +VS Vp
4.2
Saturations
The saturation SP of liquid phase (P = W, O, G) — a part of volume of porous medium (which can be filled with liquid phases), which is filled with this phase: SP =
VP VP = , Vf VW +VO +VG
P = W, O, G,
SW + SO + Sg = 1
(4.1)
The saturation SbS of solid phase is VS SbS = Vp so
φ f = φ 1 − SbS
(4.2)
and modified saturations SbP of liquid phases (P = W, O, G) SbP = 1 − SbS SP , P = W, O, G so SbW + SbO + SbG + SbS = 1
4.3
Phases
Each phase P, P = W, O, G, S (Water, Oil, Gas, Solid) has the following parameters (unknown, these parameters are calculated during the run):
T = T (t, x, y, z) – phase temperature (all phases are in the thermodynamic equilibrium, therefore all phases have the same temperature at one place);
pP = pP (t, x, y, z) – pressure of phase P;
SP = SP (t, x, y, z) (P = W, O, G), SbS = SbS (t, x, y, z) – saturation of phase P.
4.2. Saturations
122
4.4. Components
tNavigator-4.2
The following equations are used to reduce the number of unknowns: pO − pG = PcOG , pO − pW = PcOW , SW + SO + SG = 1. where PcOG = PcOG (Sg ) – capillary pressure in the system oil-gas, PcOW = PcOW (Sw ) – capillary pressure in the system water-oil (known functions). From here "pressure" is "pressure of oil phase" p = pO . PcP = −PcOP , where PcOO = 0, PcOS = 0 and pP = p + PcP .
4.4
Components
All phases P, P = W, O, G, S = 1, . . . , nP can be divided into two groups: "mobile" phases (water, oil, gas) P = W, O, G = 1, . . . , n0P , n0P = nP − 1 and solid phase P = S = nP . All components c, c = 1, . . . , nc can be divided into two groups:
c = 1, . . . , n0c – the components which can be only in "mobile" phases;
c = n0c + 1, . . . , nc – the components which can be only in the solid phase.
Let:
Nc = Nc (t, x, y, z) – molar density of the component c, c = 1, . . . , n0c in the "mobile" volume (mol/m3 ), then Nc ·V f = Nc · φ f ·Vb – the quantity of the component c in the volume Vb (mol ); Nc = Nc (t, x, y, z) – molar density of the component c, c = n0c + 1, . . . , nc in the pore volume (mol/m3 ), then Nc · Vp = Nc · φ · Vb – the quantity of the component c in the volume Vb (mol ).
Component distribution in different phases is set via nc × nP concentration matrix xc,P = xc,P (pP , N), N = (N1 , . . . , Nnc ): n0P
∑ xc,PξPSP = Nc,
c ∈ {1, . . . , n0c },
xc,S ξS SbS = Nc ,
c ∈ {n0c + 1, . . . , nc }.
P=1
where ξP = ξP (pP , N) – the molar density of the phase P. The number of hydrocarbon components is specified using the keyword COMPS (see 12.13.3) in e300 data format. Total number of components and the number of components in water, oil and gas phases are set using the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4) in stars data format. Since nc
∑ xc,P = 1,
P ∈ {1, . . . , nP },
xc,S = 0,
c=1
xc,P = 0, 4.4. Components
c ∈ {n0c + 1, . . . , nc }, P ∈ {1, . . . , n0P },
c ∈ {1, . . . , n0c },
xc,W = 0,
(4.3)
c ∈ {2, . . . , nc }, 123
4.5. Mass and molar water density
hence (SS = SbS ):
tNavigator-4.2
nP
c ∈ {1, . . . , nc },
∑ xc,PξPSP = Nc,
P=1
and
nc
∑
SbS =
c=n0c +1
ξS
Nc ,
xc,S =
Nc
c ∈ {n0c + 1, . . . , nc }.
nc
∑
k=n0c +1
(4.4)
Nk
If the keyword CVTYPE (see 12.14.1) (MODEL (see 13.5.4)) specifies that c-component can’t be in the phase P, then the properties of the component c for the phase P may not be entered.
4.5
Mass and molar water density
In e300 data format the mass density and the molar water density on default (or if the keyword THANALB (see 12.14.3) is present) are calculated ρW =
A0 + A1 T + A2 T 2 + A3 T 3 + A4 T 4 + A5 T 5 cw,p (p−A7 ) e , 1 + A6 T
ξW =
1 · ρW , MWW
(4.5)
where A0 = 9998.3952 A2 = −7.987 × 10−2 A4 = 105.56302 × 10−8 A6 = 16.87985 × 10−2
A1 = 169.55176 A3 = −46.170461 × 10−5 A5 = −280.54353 × 10−11 A7 = −102
If the keyword WATDENT (see 12.14.2) is enable, then ρW =
ρw,re f , (1 − cw,p (p − pw,re f ))(1 + cw,1,T (T − Tw,re f ) + cw,2,T (T − Tw,re f )2 )
ξW =
1 · ρW MWW (4.6)
where
ρw,re f = ρW,SC /BW (pre f ) (kg/m3 )
ρW,SC – is set via DENSITY (see 12.5.23)
cw,p , pw,re f , BW (pre f ), – is set via PVTW (see 12.5.5)
cw,1,T , cw,2,T , Tw,re f , – is set via WATDENT (see 12.14.2)
MWW – water molar weight
4.5. Mass and molar water density
124
4.5. Mass and molar water density
tNavigator-4.2
In stars data format the mass density and the molar water density are calculated ξW = ρw,re f exp cw,p (p − pre f ) − cw,1,T (T − Tre f ) − cw,2,T
T 2 − Tre2 f 2
! + cw,pT (p − pre f )(T − Tre f )
ρW = ξW · MWW (4.7) where
pre f – reference pressure PRSR (see 13.5.10)
Tre f – reference temperature TEMR (see 13.5.11)
ρw,re f – component density w from MOLDEN (see 13.5.14) (mol/m3 )
ck,p , ck,1,T , ck,2,T , ck,pT – the properties of component w specified via CP (see 13.5.16), CT1 (see 13.5.17), CT2 (see 13.5.18), CPT (see 13.5.19).
If for the component w CP (see 13.5.16) = 0,CT1 (see 13.5.17) = 0,CT2 (see 13.5.18) = 0,CPT (see 13.5.19) = 0 and MOLDEN (see 13.5.14) = 0 or MOLVOL (see 13.5.3) = 0, then the default formula is used:
if T < Tw,crit ξW = ρc (1 + α) exp (cw,p (p − pbub )) , ρW = ξW · MWW ,
(4.8)
if T ≥ Tw,crit 2 ξW = ρc exp cw,p (p − psat ) − cw,1,T (T − Tw,crit ) − cw,2,T (T 2 − Tw,crit ) , ρW = ξW · MWW ,
(4.9)
where – ρc = 17.88888kgmol/m3 - critical density, 1
2
5
16
43
– α = 1.99206τ 3 +1.10123τ 3 −0.512506τ 3 +1.75263τ 3 −45.4485τ 3 −675615τ
110 3
T – τ = 1 − Tw,crit ,
– cw,p = 4.57 × 10−5 − 1.076823 × 10−8 (pre f − 1.01325)1/bar , – cw,1,T = −1.9095 × 10−3 1/K , – cw,2,T = 7.296 × 10−6 1/K 2 .
4.5. Mass and molar water density
125
,
4.6. Mass and molar liquid density
4.6
tNavigator-4.2
Mass and molar liquid density
The molar density and mass liquid density are calculated as MWk 1 n0c n0c ξO = 1 ρO = 1 (in e300) ∑k=2 xk,O ∑k=2 xk,O ρk,O ρk,O MWk 1 n0c n0c ρO = 1 (in stars) ξO = 1 xk,O xk,O ∑k=2 ∑k=2 ρk,O ρk,O
(4.10)
In stars data format component liquid density ρk,O (p, T ) (mol/m3 ) is calculated as T 2 − Tre2 f ρk,O = ρk,re f ·exp ck,p (p − pre f ) − ck,1,T (T − Tre f ) − ck,2,T + ck,pT (p − pre f )(T − Tre f ) 2 (4.11) where 1. pre f – reference pressure (PRSR (see 13.5.10)) 2. Tre f – reference temperature (TEMR (see 13.5.11)) 3. ρk,re f – density of component k at reference pressure and reference temperature (MOLDEN (see 13.5.14)) 4. ck,p , ck,1,T , ck,2,T , ck,pT – properties of component k in the liquid phase:
ck,p (CP) – component k compressibility k ,
ck,1,T (CT1) – the first thermal expansion coefficient for component k (for this parameter tNavigator uses this keyword THERMEX1 (see 12.14.26)),
ck,2,T (CT2) – the second thermal expansion coefficient for component k (for this parameter tNavigator uses the keyword THERMEX2 (see 12.14.27)); total thermal expansion coefficient is equal to ck,1,T + T ∗ ck,2,T ,
ck,pT (CPT) – the coefficient of density dependence on temperature and pressure (for this parameter tNavigator uses the keyword THERMEX3 (see 12.14.28))
In e300 data format component liquid density ρk,O (p, T ) (kg/m3 ) is calculated as . ρk,O = ρk,re f (1 − ck,p (p − pk,re f ))(1 + ck,T (T − Tk,re f )) (4.12) where 1. pk,re f – reference pressure for component k (PREF (see 12.14.29)) 2. Tk,re f – reference temperature for component k (TREF (see 12.14.32)) 3. ρk,re f – density of component k at reference pressure and reference temperature (DREF (see 12.14.34)) 4. ck,p – component k compressibility (CREF (see 12.14.31)), 5. ck,T – thermal expansion coefficient for component k (THERMEX1 (see 12.14.26))
4.6. Mass and molar liquid density
126
4.7. Molar and mass gas density
4.7
tNavigator-4.2
Molar and mass gas density
In e300 data format the molar and the gas mass density are calculated as , ! n0c Zk,0 RT MWw + ∑ xk,G − Zk,1 ξG = 1 xw,G ρw p k=2 , ! n0c xk,G Zk,0 RT xw,G ρG = 1 +∑ − Zk,1 ρw k=2 MWk p
(4.13)
The component water density (water vapor) ρw (p, T ) in the gas phase ! 5 Tb j ρw = exp ∑ C j TbK T j=0
(4.14)
where Tb – the boiling temperature ◦C , TbK = Tb + 273.15 – the boiling temperature ◦ K , Tb = a · (p/10)b , C0 = −93.7072 C3 = 6.57652 · 10−6
a = 180.89 C1 = 0.833941 C4 = −6.93747 · 10−9
b = 0.2350 C2 = −0.003208 C5 = 2.97203 · 10−12
The coefficients Zk,0 , Zk,1 are specified using the keywords ZFACTOR (see 12.14.36), ZFACT1 (see 12.14.37). Zk,0 default value is 0.96. J · Pa m3 · bar = 8.3143 , i.e. R = Gas constant R in (4.13) is equal to 0.083143 K · kg − mol K · mol 0.083143 for the unit of pressure bar , and the unit amount of fluid kg − mol . In stars data format the molar and the gas mass density are calculated p ξG = , ZRT
n0c
ρG = ξG · ∑ xk,G · MWk
(4.15)
k=1
where Z – the root of the equation of state Redlich-Kwong with zero coefficients of pair-wise interaction. Let’s specify i = 1, . . . , n0c pri , Tri2.5
T , Tci (4.16) where the critical temperature Tci is set using TCRIT (see 13.5.21), the critical pressure pci is set using PCRIT (see 13.5.20). Then Ai = 0.4274802
Bi = 0.08664035
n0c
A=
pri , Tri
A jk = (A j Ak )0.5 ,
n0c
∑ ∑ x j,Gxk,GA jk ,
j=1 k=1
pri =
p , pci
Tri =
n0c
B=
∑ x j,GB j
(4.17)
j=1
Z – the maximal root (> 0) of the equation Z 3 − Z 2 + (A − B2 − B)Z − AB = 0
(4.18)
Z is calculated in every grid block at every time step of Newton iteration. Usually Z ∈ [0.3, 1.2].
4.7. Molar and mass gas density
127
4.8. Molar solid density
4.8
tNavigator-4.2
Molar solid density
Molar solid density (coke) is calculated as , ξS = 1
nc
1 ∑0 xk,S ρk k=n +1
! (4.19)
c
In e300 data format component solid density ρk (p, T ) (kg − mol/m3 ) is calculated as ρk = ρk,re f MWk · (1 − ck,p (p − pk,re f ))(1 + ck,T (T − Tk,re f )) where 1. MWk – component k molecular weight specified via MW (see 12.13.27) (CMM (see 13.5.59)) 2. pk,re f – reference pressure for component k (SPREF (see 12.14.23)) 3. Tk,re f – reference temperature for component k (STREF (see 12.14.25)) 4. ρk,re f – density of component k at reference pressure and reference temperature (SDREF (see 12.14.22)) 5. ck,p – component k compressibility (SCREF (see 12.14.24)) 6. ck,T – thermal expansion coefficient for component k (is specified using the keyword STHERMX1 (see 12.14.20)) In stars data format component solid density ρk (p, T ) (kg − mol/m3 ) is calculated as ρk,re f · exp ck,p (p − pre f ) − ck,T (T − Tre f ) + ck,pT (p − pre f )(T − Tre f ) ρk = MWk where 1. pre f – reference pressure (PRSR (see 13.5.10)) 2. Tre f – reference temperature (TEMR (see 13.5.11)) 3. ρk,re f – density of component k at reference pressure and reference temperature (SOLID_DEN (see 13.5.22)) 4. ck,p , ck,T , ck,pT – properties of component k in the solid phase (SOLID_DEN (see 13.5.22)):
ck,p – component k compressibility,
ck,T – thermal expansion coefficient for component k (for this parameter tNavigator uses the keyword STHERMX1 (see 12.14.20)),
ck,pT – the coefficient of density dependence on temperature and pressure (for this parameter tNavigator uses the keyword STHERMX2 (see 12.14.21))
Mass solid density isn’t used in the calculations.
4.8. Molar solid density
128
4.9. Thermodynamic equilibrium condition
4.9
tNavigator-4.2
Thermodynamic equilibrium condition
MP - the number of moles in the "mobile" phase P, P = W, O, G, in the unit volume. Obviously n0P
n0c
∑ MP = Ntot = ∑ Nc. c=1
P=1
MP — the part of "mobile" component mixture in the phase P, concerning the Ntot total amount of the mixture. Then
Let RP =
n0P
MP = RP · Ntot ,
(4.20)
∑ RP = 1.
P=1
Let Mc,P = xc,P · MP — the number of moles of the component c, c = 1, . . . , n0c , in the phase P, P = W, O, G, in the unit volume. Then n0P
Nc =
n0P
∑ MP · xc,P, = Ntot ∑ RP · xc,P,
P=1
c = 1, . . . , n0c .
P=1
Since water component isn’t present in the oil phase and hydrocarbon components are not present in the water phase, then x1,O ≡ xw,O = 0,
xc,W = 0,
n0c
c ∈ {2, . . . , n0c },
xw,W = 1 (from
∑ xc,P = 1 for P = W )
c=1
Let zc = Nc /Ntot , c = 1, . . . , n0c , then zw = RW · xw,W + RG · xw,G ,
zc = RO · xc,O + RG · xc,G ,
c ∈ {2, . . . , n0c },
(4.21)
User specifies the functions Kc = Kc (p, T ), c ∈ {1, . . . , n0c }: xw,G = Kw (p, T )xw,W ,
xc,G = Kc (p, T )xc,O ,
c ∈ {2, . . . , n0c }
From the equations (4.21) we obtain for each c ∈ {2, . . . , n0c }: xw,G = Kw ,
xc,O = zc
1 , RO + Kc RG
xc,G = zc
Kc , RO + Kc RG
From the equilibrium conditions: n0P
n0c
∑ RP = 1,
∑ xc,P = 1
P=1
c=1
we obtain RW = zw − RG · Kw RO = (1 − zw ) − RG (1 − Kw ) xw,G = Kw , (4.22) 1 Kc xc,O = zc , xc,G = zc , (4.23) (1 − zw ) + RG (Kc + Kw − 1) (1 − zw ) + RG (Kc + Kw − 1) 4.9. Thermodynamic equilibrium condition
129
4.10. Phase saturations
tNavigator-4.2
and RG ∈ [0, 1] is the solution of the equation n0c
F(RG ) = 0,
F(RG ) =
zc · (Kc + Kw − 1)
∑ (1 − zw) + RG(Kc + Kw − 1)
c=2
The values Ki = Ki (p, T ) can be specified via the tables KVTEMP (see 12.14.6), KVTABTn (see 12.14.7), KVTABLIM (see 12.14.8) in e300 (KVTABLIM (see 13.5.24), KVTABLE (see 12.13.16) in stars), or via the correlation formula: Ki (p, T ) = (Ai + Bi /p +Ci p) · e−Di /(T −Ei )
(4.24)
where the coefficients Ai , Bi , Ci , Di , Ei are set using the keywords KVCR (see 12.14.4) in e300 (KV1 / KV2 / KV3 / KV4 / KV5 (see 13.5.26) in stars). In stars data format this formula is also used for water if the not zero coefficients Ai , Bi , Ci , Di , Ei are specified. In another case the correlation is used: b TF 1 , a = 115.1, b = 4.44444. (4.25) · Kw (p psi , TF ) = p psi a In e300 data format the following correlation is used 10 TC 1/b Kw (p, T ) = · , p a
a = 180.89,
b = 0.2350,
TC (◦C) = T (◦ K) − 273.15 (4.26)
It is very difficult to choose many parameters in (4.24) (Ki (p, T ) should be positive and increasing in conjunction with T ). In e300 data format the correlation (Wilson) for hydrocarbon components can be used – KVWI (see 12.14.9): Ki (p, T ) =
pci 5.372697·(1+Ai )·(1−Tci /T ) ·e p
(4.27)
where
Tci – component critical temperature TCRIT (see 12.13.17);
pci – component critical pressure PCRIT (see 12.13.19);
Ai – component acentric factor ACF (see 12.13.30).
4.10
Phase saturations
Since (4.20) the number of moles of the "mobile" phases in the volume V f is MP ·V f , and their volume is equal to MP ·V f /ξP . From the equation (4.1) we obtain SP = VP /V f = MP /ξP or Ntot · RP SP = , P = 1, . . . , n0P (4.28) ξP The description of calculations of the solid phase saturation is in the section (4.4).
4.10. Phase saturations
130
4.12. Oil viscosity
4.11
tNavigator-4.2
Water viscosity
Water viscosity can be specified as a function of temperature using the tables – WATVISCT (see 12.14.39) (e300 data format), VISCTABLE (see 13.5.53) (stars data format), or via correlations. In e300 the following correlation is used (Grabovski): µW (T ) = 1 AW + BW TC +CW TC2 , AW = 0.1323, BW = 0.03333, CW = 7.643 · 10−6 (4.29) ◦ where TC – the temperature C . In stars the following correlation is used: µW (T ) = AW exp BW /T (4.30) where T – the temperature ◦ K , the coefficients AW , BW are set via the keywords AVISC (see 13.5.51), BVISC (see 13.5.52). Multiple viscosity regions can be specified via VSTYPE (see 13.5.45), VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46) (stars). tNavigator also uses the keyword (VISCNUM (see 12.4.20)). In e300 data format the viscosity dependence on pressure can be specified: µW (p, T ) = µW (T )
0 (p) µW 0 (p ) µW re f
(4.31)
where
µW (T ) – water viscosity (depends on temperature) is calculated above;
0 (p) – water viscosity as a function of pressure (specified using PVTW (see 12.5.5)); µW
pre f – reference pressure (specified using VISCREF (see 12.14.38)).
4.12
Oil viscosity
Oil viscosity is calculated using the formula n0c
µO (T ) = ∏ (µk,O ) fk (xk,O )
(4.32)
k=2
where oil component viscosity µk,O (T ) can be specified as a function of temperature using the tables of this keyword OILVISCT (see 12.14.40) (in e300 data format), VISCTABLE (see 13.5.53) (stars), or using correlation (OILVISCC (see 12.14.41)). fk (x) (default: fk (x) = x ) are specified using OILVINDX (see 12.14.42) (in e300 data format) or VSMIXCOMP (see 13.5.54), VSMIXENDP (see 13.5.55), VSMIXFUNC (see 13.5.56) (stars). tNavigator also uses the keyword OILVINDT (see 12.14.43). In e300 data format the following correlations can be used to calculate µk,O (specified using this keyword OILVISCC):
4.11. Water viscosity
131
4.13. Gas viscosity
Name ASTM Andrade
tNavigator-4.2
Formula log10 (µk,O + Ak ) = Bk T Ck log10 (µk,O ) = Ak + Bk /T
Name Vogel logarithmic
Formula log10 (µk,O ) = Ak + Bk /(T +Ck ) log10 (µk,O ) = Ak + Bk log10 (T )
In stars data format Andrade correlation is used with parameters Ak = log10 A0k , Bk = B0k log10 e, where A0k , B0k are specified using keywords AVISC (see 13.5.51), BVISC (see 13.5.52). Multiple viscosity regions can be specified via VSTYPE (see 13.5.45), VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46) (stars). tNavigator also uses the keyword (VISCNUM (see 12.4.20)). In e300 data format pressure dependence can be set: µO (p, T ) = µO (T )
µO0 (p) µO0 (pre f )
(4.33)
where
µO (T ) – oil viscosity (depends on temperature);
µO0 (p) – oil viscosity as a function of pressure (specified using PVCO (see 12.5.6));
pre f – reference pressure (specified using VISCREF (see 12.14.38)).
4.13
Gas viscosity
In e300 data format gas viscosity is calculated n0c
µG (p, T ) =
(4.34)
∑ xk,G µk,G k=1
component water viscosity (water vapor) µ1,G (p, T ) in the gas phase µ1,G (p, T ) = Ag + Bg TC +Cg (p/10)Dg , TC = T − 273.15 Ag = 4.9402 · 10−3 , Bg = 5.0956 · 10−5 , Cg = 2.9223 · 10−6 , Dg = 2.5077 hydrocarbon component viscosity µk,G (T ) in the gas phase can be specified as a function of temperature using the tables of this keyword GASVISCT (see 12.14.44), or using the correlation formula with the coefficients GASVISCF (see 12.14.45): µk,G (T ) = Ak · T Bk In stars data format gas viscosity is calculated as !, n0c p µG (T ) = ∑ µk,G · xk,G MWk k=1
4.13. Gas viscosity
(4.35)
n0c
p ∑ xk,G MWk
! (4.36)
k=1
132
4.15. Enthalpy and internal energy of the phases
tNavigator-4.2
where MWk – molecular weight of the component k (specified using CMM (see 13.5.59)), component viscosities are set via correlation (4.35) with the coefficients AVG (see 13.5.57), BVG (see 13.5.58). If gas viscosity isn’t specified by user then in stars data format it is calculated as µG (T ) = 0.0136 + 3.8 · 10−5 · TC , TC = T − 273.15 Multiple viscosity regions can be specified via VSTYPE (see 13.5.45), VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46) (stars). tNavigator also uses the keyword (VISCNUM (see 12.4.20)).
4.14
Enthalpy and heat capacity of the components
Thermodynamic properties of the component c = 1, . . . , nc in the phases P = W, O, G, S :
Hc,P (T ) – enthalpy of the component c in the phase P;
CPc,P = dHc,P (T )/dT – heat capacity of the component c in the phase P;
HVc – vaporization enthalpy of the component c (from liquid phase to the gas phase).
The following equations take place: HVc = Hc,G − (Hc,W + Hc,O )
(4.37)
so only 2 (of 3) sets of data should be specified Hc,O (or Hc,W ), Hc,G , HVc . For each component only one parameter of Hc,O or Hc,W isn’t zero, because there are no components which can be in the water and the oil phase at the same time. Component enthalpy is specified via the heat capacity. In e300 data format: CPc,P (kJ/kg/◦C ). In stars data format: CPc,P (J/mol/◦C ).
4.15
Enthalpy and internal energy of the phases
Enthalpy of the phase HP (T ) (for one mole, kJ/mol ): nc
nc
HP (p, T ) = ∑ xc,P (p, T )·Hc,P ·MWc
(in e300)
c=1
or HP (p, T ) = ∑ xc,P (p, T )·Hc,P
(in stars)
c=1
(4.38) where MWc – molecular weight given by the keyword MW (see 12.13.27) (kg/mol ). In e300 data format the gas phase component enthalpies include both a temperature dependent term and a pressure dependent term (Joule-Thomson) (see (4.48), (4.49)). The internal energy of the phases (for unit volume, kJ/m3 ) for "mobile" phases: UP (p, T ) = ξP (p, T )(HP (T ) − pPp /ξP ) = ξP (p, T ) · HP (T ) − pPp where pPp – the partial pressure of the phase P, P = W, O, G. Then the internal energy (for unit volume, kJ/m3 ) of the pore volume: n0P
U f (p, T ) =
∑ ξP(p, T ) · HP(T ) − p
(4.39)
P=1
4.14. Enthalpy and heat capacity of the components
133
4.17. Liquid enthalpy
tNavigator-4.2
The internal energy (for unit volume, kJ/m3 ) of the volume which is filled with the solid phase: US (p, T ) = ξS (p, T ) · HS (T ) (4.40)
4.16
Water enthalpy
In e300 data format the enthalpy, the water vaporization enthalpy are taken from the internal tables (see [19]). These enthalpies are the functions of pressure and temperature. In stars data format the enthalpy, the water vaporization enthalpy are also taken from the internal tables. In [20] there is a following formula for water enthalpy: h f = hc 1 + (1 − Tr ) A + BTr +CTr2 + DTr3 + ETr4 + F(1 − Tr )α , (4.41) where Tr =
T and TC α = 0.2968, A = −1.365233, D = 4.647609,
4.17
hc = 2086kJ/kg, B = 1.502294, E = −2.312461,
TC = 647.126K, C = −3.941123, F = −0.3898396.
Liquid enthalpy
In e300 data format the component liquid enthalpy is calculated as 1 Hc,O (T ) = CP1,c (T − Tre f ) + CP2,c (T − Tre f )2 2
(4.42)
where the coefficients CP1,c (kJ/kg/◦C ), CP2,c are specified using the keywords SPECHA (see 12.14.57), SPECHB (see 12.14.58) (default: 0), Tre f is specified using STCOND (see 12.13.8). In stars data format the component liquid enthalpy is calculated as 4
1 CPi,c (T − Tre f )i i i=1
Hc,O (T ) = ∑
(4.43)
where the coefficients CPi,c , i = 1, . . . , 4 are specified using the keywords CPL1 / CPL2 / CPL3 / CPL4 (see 13.5.27). tNavigator also uses the keywords CP3,c = SPECHC (see 12.14.59), CP4,c = SPECHD (see 12.14.60). Default values: CP1,c = 0.5Btu/lbmol/F = 0.5∗1.05506/0.453592∗1.8kJ/mol/C = 2.0934kJ/mol/C , the other coefficients: 0, Tre f is specified using TEMR (see 13.5.11). Then the liquid phase enthalpy is calculated according to (4.38).
4.16. Water enthalpy
134
4.19. Gas phase enthalpy
4.18
tNavigator-4.2
Vaporization enthalpy
The enthalpy of a gaseous oil component is calculated as HVc (T ) = Ac · (1 − T /Tc,crit )Bc = A0c (Tc,crit − T )Bc ,
Bc A0c = Ac /Tc,crit
(4.44)
where: In e300 data format Ac is specified using the keyword HEATVAP (see 12.14.13) (default: 0 kJ/kg). In stars data format A0c is specified using the keyword HVR (see 13.5.30) (default: 0.25Btu/lbmol/F = 0.25 ∗ 1.05506/0.453592 ∗ 1.8kJ/mol/C = 1.0467kJ/mol/C ). Bc (default: 0.38) is specified using the keyword HEATVAPE (see 12.14.14) (e300), EV (see 13.5.31) (stars). Critical temperature of the component Tc,crit is specified using the keyword TCRIT (see 12.13.17) (e300), TCRIT (see 13.5.21) (stars). If T ≥ Tc,crit then HVc (T ) = 0. If the component enthalpy in the liquid phase and vaporization enthalpy is specified then the gas phase enthalpy is calculated from the equation (4.37). If the component enthalpy in the gas phase and vaporization enthalpy is specified then the oil phase enthalpy is calculated from the equation (4.37).
4.19
Gas phase enthalpy
In e300 data format water enthalpy in the gas phase is calculated as H1,G (T ) = hc + RTc (1 − Tr )(A + BTrβ ) +C(1 − Tr )α + D(1 − Tr )2α , where Tr =
(4.45)
T and Tc α = 0.2866, R = 0.461522kJ/kgK, B = 3.977657,
β = 3.140, hc = 2086kJ/kg, C = 2.665298,
Tc = 647.126K, A = −7.818955, D = 4.754665,
If c > 2 (enthalpy of hydrocarbon components) 1 Hc,G (T ) = hc,G +CP1,c (T − Tre f ) + CP2,c (T − Tre f )2 , 2
(4.46)
where the coefficients hc,G (kJ/kg), CP1,c (kJ/kg/◦C ), CP2,c (kJ/kg/◦C/◦C ), are specified using the keywords HEATVAPS (see 12.14.65), SPECHG (see 12.14.61), SPECHH (see 12.14.62) (default: 0), Tre f is specified using STCOND (see 12.13.8). In stars data format the component gas phase enthalpy is calculated as 4
1 CPi,c (T − Tre f )i i i=1
Hc,G (T ) = hc,G + ∑
4.18. Vaporization enthalpy
(4.47)
135
4.21. Rock enthalpy
tNavigator-4.2
where the coefficients hc,G , CPi,c , i = 1, . . . , 4 are specified using the keywords HVAPR (see 13.5.29), CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4 (see 13.5.28). tNavigator also uses the keywords CP3,c = SPECHI (see 12.14.63), CP4,c = SPECHJ (see 12.14.64). Default values: hc,G = 0.25Btu/lb/F = 0.25∗1.05506/0.453592∗1.8kJ/kg/C = 1.0467kJ/kg/C , CP1,c = 0.25Btu/lb/F = 1.0467kJ/kg/C , the other coefficients: 0, Tre f is specified using TEMR (see 13.5.11). Then the gas phase enthalpy is calculated according to (4.38). If the vaporization enthalpy isn’t specified, then during e300 data format instead of (4.38) is used: nc HG (p, T ) = ∑ xc,G (p, T ) · Hc,G (T ) · MWc + HJT,c (p) (4.48) c=1
where (Joule-Thomson) HJT,c (p) = −102 · Zc,1 · (p − pre f )
(4.49)
The coefficient Zk,1 is set via ZFACT1 (see 12.14.37), pre f – STCOND (see 12.13.8). Multiplier 102 (4.49) results from units transformation: Zk,1 – m3 /kg − mol , so Zc,1 · (p − pre f ) – m3 /kg − mol · bar = 105 · m3 · Pa/kg − mol = 102 · kJ/kg − mol .
4.20
Solid phase enthalpy
The component solid phase enthalpy (for one mole, kJ/kg − mol ) is calculated as 1 2 Hc,S (T ) = CP1,c (T − Tre f ) + CP2,c (T − Tre f ) · MWc (E300) or 2 (4.50) 1 2 Hc,S (T ) = CP1,c (T − Tre f ) + CP2,c (T − Tre f ) (stars) 2 where
in e300 data format the coefficients CP1,c (kJ/kg/◦C ), CP2,c are specified using the keywords SPECHS (see 12.14.66), SPECHT (see 12.14.67) (default: 0), Tre f is specified using the keyword STCOND (see 12.13.8). in stars data format the coefficients CP1,c , CP2,c are specified using the keywords SOLID_CP (see 13.5.23) (default: CP1,c = 17kJ/mol/C , CP2,c = 0), Tre f is specified using the keyword TEMR (see 13.5.11).
Then the solid phase enthalpy is calculated according to (4.38).
4.21
Rock enthalpy
Rock enthalpy (for unit volume, kJ/m3 ) is calculated as 1 HR (T ) = (CP1 (T − Tre f ) + CP2 (T − Tre f )2 ) 2
(4.51)
where
4.20. Solid phase enthalpy
136
4.23. Block internal energy
tNavigator-4.2
in e300 data format the coefficients CP1 (kJ/m3 /◦C ), CP2 are set via HEATCR (see 12.14.10), HEATCRT (see 12.14.11) (default: 0), Tre f is specified using STCOND (see 12.13.8). in stars data format the coefficients CP1 , CP2 are set via ROCKCP (see 13.4.3), (default CP1 = 2347kJ/m3 , CP2 = 0), Tre f is specified using TEMR (see 13.5.11).
In tNavigator the coefficients CP1 , CP2 can be specified via the keyword HEATTCR (see 12.14.12). Internal rock energy (for unit volume, kJ/m3 ): UR (T ) = HR (T )
4.22
(4.52)
Default enthalpy values for stars format models
For stars format models there are 3 types of enthalpy specification: 1) Oil enthalpy (CPL1 / CPL2 / CPL3 / CPL4 (see 13.5.27)) and vaporization enthalpy (HVR (see 13.5.30), EV (see 13.5.31)) are entered. 2) Gas enthalpy (CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4 (see 13.5.28)) and vaporization enthalpy (HVR (see 13.5.30), EV (see 13.5.31)) are entered. 3) Oil enthalpy (CPL1 / CPL2 / CPL3 / CPL4 (see 13.5.27)), gas enthalpy (CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4 (see 13.5.28)) and the value of vaporization enthalpy at the point Tre f (HVAPR (see 13.5.29)) are entered. If in the model only the vaporization enthalpy is entered, then the type 1 is used with the coefficient CPL1 (see 13.5.27) = 0.5 Btu/lb-F = 2.0934 kJ/kg-C. If in the model only the gas enthalpy is entered, then the type 2 is used with zero vaporization enthalpy (i.e. oil enthalpy is equal to gas enthalpy). If in the model only the oil enthalpy is entered, then the type 1 is used with zero vaporization enthalpy (i.e. oil enthalpy is equal to gas enthalpy). If in the model no one of the properties above are entered, then the type 1 is used with the coefficient CPL1 (see 13.5.27) = 0.5 Btu/lb-F = 2.0934 kJ/kg-C and vaporization enthalpy, specified via the formula Hvap = A(Tcrit − T )0.38 . If Tre f ≤ Tcrit , then the coefficient A is calculated from: Hvap (Tre f ) = C ∗ (Tcrit − Tre f ), where C = 0.6579 Btu/lb-F = 2,7538 kJ/kg-C, else A = 0.
4.23
Block internal energy
Block internal energy (kJ ) is calculated: the internal energies of the "mobile" phases (4.39), solid phase (4.40) and rock (4.52), (in the unit volume) are multiplied by the volume (see
4.22. Default enthalpy values for stars format models
137
4.24. Porosity
tNavigator-4.2
121 and (4.2)): Ub (p, T ) = U f (p, T ) ·V f +US (p, T ) ·VS +UR (T ) ·VR ! n0P = Vb · φ 1 − SbS ∑ ξP(p, T ) · HP(T ) − p P=1
+Vb · φ · SbS · ξS (p, T ) · HS (T ) +Vb · (1 − φ ) · HR (T )
4.24
(4.53)
Porosity
In e300 data format the porosity φ = φ (p, x, y, z) is φ (p, x, y, z) = ψ(x, y, z)φ (x, y, z)(1 + c(p − pre f ) + c2 (p − pre f )2 /2)
(4.54)
where
ψ(x, y, z) – net to gross values (NTG (see 12.2.25));
φ (x, y, z) – porosity at the pressure pre f (PORO (see 12.2.24));
c – compressibility (ROCK (see 12.5.16)) (default: in e100 = 0, in e300 = 4.934 · 10−5 /Bar );
pref – reference pressure for φ (x, y, z) (ROCK (see 12.5.16)) (default 1.0132Bar ).
In stars data format the porosity φ = φ (p, T, x, y, z) is calculated according one of the following models: 1. Linear Elastic Model φ (p, T, x, y, z) = φre f (x, y, z) exp min pormax, c p (p − pre f ) − cT (T − Tre f )
(4.55)
where
φre f (x, y, z) – porosity at the pressure pre f (POR (see 13.3.9));
c p – compressibility factor (1/Bar) (CPOR (see 13.4.5); default – 0);
cT – effective thermal expansion coefficient of the formation (1/◦C) (CTPOR (see 13.4.6), default – 0);
pref – reference pressure for φ (x, y, z) (PRPOR (see 13.4.4)) (default – pressure in the first active grid block).
Tre f – reference temperature, defined via TEMR (see 13.5.11).
pormax – maximal fractional increase in porosity due to pressure (PORMAX (see 13.4.18)). The value pormax should be in the range from 0 to 1. If the keyword PORMAX (see 13.4.18) is not defined, then the value of pormax is considered as infinite.
4.24. Porosity
138
4.24. Porosity
tNavigator-4.2
2. Nonlinear Elastic Model φ (p, T, x, y, z) = φre f (x, y, z) exp min pormax, c p (p − pre f ) + cporpd − cT (T − Tre f ) (4.56) where
cporpd = A ∗ [D ∗ (p − pre f ) + ln(B/C)] – – – – – – –
A = (c p2 − c p )/2 B = 1 + exp [D ∗ (pav − p)] C = 1 + exp D ∗ (pav − pre f ) D = 10/(ppr2 − ppr1) pav = (ppr1 + ppr2)/2 ppr1, ppr2 – lower and upper reference pressures ( ppr2 > ppr1) c p2 – effective formation compressibility (1/Bar) near the value ppr2. ppr1, ppr2 and c p2 are specified via CPORPD (see 13.4.17)
φre f (x, y, z), c p , cT , pref , Tre f , pormax - are defined analogously to Linear Elastic model.
3. P-T Cross-Term Model φ (p, T, x, y, z) = φre f (x, y, z) × × exp min pormax, c p (p − pre f ) + c pT (p − pre f )(T − Tre f ) − cT (T − Tre f ) (4.57) where
c pT – pressure-temperature cross-term coefficient of the formation effective porosity (1/Bar/◦C) (CPTPOR (see 13.4.7), default – 0);
φre f (x, y, z), c p , cT , pref , Tre f , pormax - are defined analogously to Linear Elastic model.
4. Dilation-Recompaction Model This model describes the hysteresis variation of porosity (C.I.Beattie, T.C.Boberg, G.S.McNab "Reservoir Simulation of Cyclic Steam Stimulation in the Cold Lake Oil Sands", SPE Reservoir Engineering, May, 1991). This option is activated via the keyword DILATION (see 13.4.28). The dependence between porosity and pressure is calculated via the formula φ (p, x, y, z) = φre f (x, y, z) exp c p (p − pre f )
(4.58)
where pre f – reference pressure, φre f – porosity at reference pressure pre f and compressibility c p are different for different regions. The dilation-recompaction process (pic. 7), consists of 4 phases:
4.24. Porosity
139
4.24. Porosity
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 7: Dilation-Recompaction Model
I. Elastic: reversible elastic expansion with a reference pressure pbase (PBASE (see 13.4.19), by default it is equal the value PRPOR (see 13.4.4)), reference porosity φbase (POR (see 13.3.9)) and with the pore volume compressibility value cpepac (1/Bar ) (CPEPAC (see 13.4.20), by default is equal to the value from CPOR (see 13.4.5)) II. Dilation: when the pressure exceeds the value pdila (PDILA (see 13.4.21), by default – 0). Rock compressibility coefficient at dilation crd (1/Bar ) is set using CRD (see 13.4.22) (by default 0), the values pdila and φ (pdila) are taken as pre f and φre f correspondingly. The value crd is greater then cpepac, which provides a more rapid increase of porosity. The Dilation continues until the moment when the pressure begins to decrease again, or until the maximum porosity is reached φmax . Maximum porosity is defined using reference porosity and the coefficient PORRATMAX (see 13.4.23) (by default - 1), that sets the coefficient of maximal porosity increasing over reference porosity. III. Elastic Compaction: with the initial pore volume compressibility value cpepac, no recovery after dilation. In this case tNavigator takes maximum values that were
4.24. Porosity
140
4.25. Pore volume of grid block
tNavigator-4.2
reached in dilation as φre f and pre f . IV. Recompaction: when the pressure falls below the value p pact (PPACT (see 13.4.24), by default - 0) the recompaction phase is started with with the increase in the coefficient of compressibility cpact . During this phase there is a partial recovery after dilatation. During this phase pre f = p pact and φre f = φ (p pact ). The residual fraction of dilation, that is not reversed in compression, is defined using the parameter f r (FR (see 13.4.25), 0 ≤fr≤ 1, by default 0). Using f r and historical maximum porosity, that is reached during dilation, tNavigator calculates φmin1 - porosity at p = 0 - via the formula φmin = A · f r + φbase
(4.59)
After the calculation of φmin it is possible to calculate compressibility factor cpact via the formula (4.58): φmin = φ (p pact ) exp (−cpact · p pact ⇒ cpact = −
1 p pact
· ln
φmin φ (p pact )
(4.60)
If after recompaction according the curve (IV ) the pressure starts to increase again, then a new cycle is started. First there is a reversible elastic expansion of the formation with base compressibility factor cpepac, until the dilation curve will be reached. Further Dilation and compaction occur as described above. If after pressure increasing it decreases (but the dilation curve is not reached), then the reversible compaction takes place until the moment when the curve (IV ) is reached. the picture below shows the formation deformation during 3 cycles. During the 2-nd cycle porosity at dilation process increased more then in 1-st cycle, and in the 3-rd cycle the dilation curve was not reached so porosity decreased back on the elastic curve. Temperature effect can be taken into account for Dilation-Recompaction model. the formula (4.58) is corrected the following way φ (p, x, y, z) = φre f (x, y, z) exp c p (p − pre f ) − cT T − Tre f (4.61) where cT – effective thermal expansion coefficient of the formation (1/◦C), set by CTPOR (see 13.4.6) for elastic curves (I) and (III), CTD (see 13.4.26) for dilation curve (II) and CTPPAC (see 13.4.27) for recompaction curve (IV ). It is important to consider that the effect of temperature on the change in porosity is much less significant than the effect of pressure, so that the coefficients of thermal expansion must be considerably less than the corresponding coefficient of compressibility.
4.25
Pore volume of grid block
In e300 data format pore volume Vp,re f at reference pressure pref (see 4.24) is:
If PORV (see 12.2.27) is specified, then Vp,re f = PORV (see 12.2.27)
4.25. Pore volume of grid block
141
4.25. Pore volume of grid block
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 8: Dilation-Recompaction. Porosity variation during 3 cycles
Else Vp,re f (x, y, z) = γ(x, y, z)ψ(x, y, z)φ (x, y, z)Vgeom
(4.62)
where a multiplier γ(x, y, z) (default: 1) is specified via MULTPV (see 12.2.28), Vgeom — geometric block volume. Then pore volume Vp (x, y, z) = Vp,re f (x, y, z)(1 + c(p − pre f ) + c2 (p − pre f )2 /2)
(4.63)
see 4.24. In stars data format pore volume Vp,re f at reference pressure pref and temperature Tre f (see 4.24) is calculated via formula (4.62), where multiplier γ(x, y, z) (default: 1) is set via VOLMOD (see 13.3.13). Then pore volume Vp (x, y, z) = Vp,re f (x, y, z)(1 + c p (p − pre f ) − cT (T − Tre f ) + c pT (p − pre f )(T − Tre f )) (4.64) see 4.24.
4.25. Pore volume of grid block
142
4.28. Thermal conductivity of the grid block
4.26
tNavigator-4.2
Bulk volume of grid block
In e300 data format bulk volume of grid block Vb :
Tf ROCKV (see 12.14.72) is specified, then Vb = Vp,re f + ROCKV (see 12.14.72).
Else Vb = max{Vgeom ,Vp,re f }.
In stars data format bulk volume of grid block Vb = max{γ · Vgeom ,Vp,re f } where a multiplier γ (default: 1) is specified via VOLMOD (see 13.3.13).
4.27
Bulk volume of rock
Bulk volume of rock VR : VR = max{Vb −Vp , 0}.
4.28
Thermal conductivity of the grid block
In e300 data format thermal conductivity of the grid block is Kb = (1 − αSG ) · kR
(4.65)
where
kR – rock thermal conductivity (THCONR (see 12.14.15)) (kJ/m/day/◦C );
α – is set via THCONSF (see 12.14.16), α ∈ [0, 1] (default: 0);
SG – gas saturation.
In stars data format thermal conductivity of the grid block is specified using the keyword THCONMIX (see 13.4.13) option SIMPLE Kb = φ 1 − SbS · (kW SW + kO SO + kG SG ) + φ · kS · SbS + (1 − φ ) · kR (4.66) where
kP , P = W, O, G, S – phase thermal conductivity (THCONW (see 13.4.9), THCONO (see 13.4.10), THCONG (see 13.4.11), THCONS (see 13.4.12)) (default THCONS (see 13.4.12) = THCONR (see 13.4.8));
SP , P = W, O, G – phase saturation, SbS – solid phase saturation;
kR – rock thermal conductivity (THCONR (see 13.4.8)) (default 149.6kJ/m/day/C );
φ – porosity.
4.26. Bulk volume of grid block
143
4.29. Chemical reactions
tNavigator-4.2
tNavigator also uses the keyword THCONT (see 12.14.18) to specify the parameters kP , P = W, O, G, S and kR . In stars data format isothermal part of the block thermal conductivity specified using the keyword THCONMIX (see 13.4.13) option COMPLEX p p kR kR 0 Kb = 1 − SW + SO · kG · F + SW + SO · kL · F kG kL where F(x) = exp
0.28 − 0.32876 · log φ f − 0.024755 · log x log x ,
KL =
kW SW + KO SO SW + SO
where
φ f – "mobile" porosity.
The dependence between the block thermal conductivity and the temperature Kb = Kb0 − 1.7524 · 10−5(T − Tre f ) · (Kb0 − 119616) −0.64 (−3.6784·10−6 Kb0 ) 0 0 −3 · Kb · Kb · 1.8 · 10 · T + 110644.8 where Tre f is given by the keyword TEMR (see 13.5.11).
4.29
Chemical reactions
Let’s consider nr chemical reactions. For each r , r = 1, . . . , nr there are:
SRr = (SRri )i=1,...,nc – stoichiometric coefficients for reactants of the reaction number r , are specified using STOREAC (see 12.14.53) in e300; STOREAC (see 13.5.32) in stars;
SPr = (SPri )i=1,...,nc – stoichiometric coefficients for products of the reaction number r , are specified using STOPROD (see 12.14.52) in e300; STOPROD (see 13.5.33) in stars;
Ar – reaction rate of the reaction number r , are specified using REACRATE (see 12.14.46) in e300; FREQFAC (see 13.5.34) in stars;
Er – activation energy in chemical reaction rates of the reaction number r , are specified using REACACT (see 12.14.47) in e300; EACT (see 13.5.36) in stars;
Hr – reaction enthalpy of the reaction number r , are specified using REACENTH (see 12.14.56) in e300; RENTH (see 13.5.38) in stars;
Nr = (nri )i=1,...,nc – order of component terms, in chemical reaction r rate, (for non reactants can be > 0 (for catalyst), < 0 (for inhibitor)), are specified using REACCORD (see 12.14.48), REACSORD (see 12.14.55) in e300; RORDER (see 13.5.39) in stars.
4.29. Chemical reactions
144
4.29. Chemical reactions
tNavigator-4.2
For example, for nc = 5, components C12 H26 , C3 H8 , O2 , CO2 , H2 O and nr = 2 reactions: C12 H26 + 18.5O2 → 12CO2 + 13H2 O SRr SPr Nr
C12 H26 1 0 1
C3 H8 0 0 0
O2 18.5 0 1
CO2 0 12 0
H2 O 0 13 0
C3 H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2 O SRr SPr Nr
C12 H26 0 0 0
C3 H8 1 0 1
O2 5 0 1
CO2 0 3 0
H2 O 0 4 0
Reaction rate of the reaction number r , r = 1, . . . , nr (kg − mol/day) for the volume Vb is 0
nc
Rr = Vb · Ar · e−Er /(RT ) · ∏(c0ri )nri
(4.67)
i=1
where R = 8.3143
kJ , component concentration (since (4.4)): K · kg − mol
b 1 − SS · ξO · SO xiO if the reactant i is in the oil phase bS · ξG · SG xiG if the reactant i is in the gas phase 1 − S (4.68) cri = bS · ξW · SW xiW if the reactant i is in the water phase 1 − S SbS · ξS · xiS = Ni if the reactant i is in the solid phase N if the reactant i is in all phases i ( φ · cri if it isn’t gas and not REACPHA (see 12.14.54) with GPP (there is no O2PP (see 13.5.44 c0ri = p0 · xi,G else (for gas) (4.69) where temperature, pressure and order are: T if T > T u u pu if p > pu 0 0 T = Tl if T < Tl p = pl if p < pl T else p else
( nri n0ri = 1
if c0ri > Cri else
(4.70)
where
Tu is specified using RTEMUPR (see 13.5.41) (REACLIMS (see 12.14.49) in e300 data format),
4.29. Chemical reactions
145
4.30. The heat loss between the reservoir and surroundings
tNavigator-4.2
Tl – RTEMLOWR (see 13.5.42) (REACLIMS (see 12.14.49) in e300 data format), Cri – RXCRITCON (see 13.5.43) (there is no analogue in e300 (n0ri = nri ); tNavigator uses the keyword Cri = REACCONC (see 12.14.50)), pu , pl is specified using REACLIMS (see 12.14.49) (there is no analogue in stars ( p0 = p)).
O2PP (see 13.5.44) is used for components in gas phase and is the default value for oxygen. The component phase in the chemical reaction i (see the description of cri above), is set via REACPHA (see 12.14.54) in e300, RPHASE (see 13.5.40) in stars. In e300 data format the "mobile" component can be specified in all phases, then cri = φ · Ni . This is a default value. In stars data format the default value is calculated using the data of the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4). The reaction rate (4.67) can depend on pore volume Vp = φ ·Vb : 0
Rr = Vp · φ nr,p · Ar · e−Er /(RT ) · ∏ (cri )nri · ∏ (p0 · xi,G )nri i∈Fr
(4.71)
i6∈Fr
where nr,p = ∑ nri − 1, indices Fr : i∈Fr
Fr = i ∈ {1, . . . , nc : if i is no gas and there is no REACPHA (see 12.14.54) with GPP (no O2PP (see 13. In e300 data format another value nr,p can be specified for each reaction using REACPORD (see 12.14.51). The reaction rate can be independent of pore volume (nr,p = 0). The additional component flow i, i = 1, . . . , nc , appears via the chemical reactions: nr
QRi =
∑ (SPri − SRri)Rr .
(4.72)
r=1
The additional energy flow, appears via the chemical reactions: nr
QRe =
∑ Hr Rr .
(4.73)
r=1
4.30
The heat loss between the reservoir and surroundings
In e300 and stars data format there is the same modelling of the heat loss between the reservoir and surroundings: "A Simple Method for Predicting Cap and Base Rock Heat Losses in Thermal Reservoir Simulators", Vinsome, P.K.W., Westerveld, J.D., The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology (JCPT), (Montreal), July-September 1980, Volume 19, No. 3, 87-90. The following parameters are to be specified:
4.30. The heat loss between the reservoir and surroundings
146
4.31. Heater simulation
tNavigator-4.2
The connection between the reservoir and cap and base rocks. In e300 data format the complicated form of connection can be specified via the keyword ROCKCON (see 12.2.79), in stars – the connection can be: the entire surface of the rock region (THTYPE (see 13.4.2), ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)) in the given direction, – specified via the keyword HLOSSPROP (see 13.4.16). tNavigator also uses the keyword ROCKCONT (see 12.2.80), which specifies the heat loss directions, volumetric heat capacity and rock conductivity.
The number of types of cap and base rocks with different properties, which will be used to model the heat loss between the reservoir and surroundings in e300 is set via ROCKDIMS (see 12.1.35), in stars – is specified at the same time with the description of the geometry.
Volumetric heat capacity (kJ/m3 /C ) – ROCKPROP (see HLOSSPROP (see 13.4.16) (stars), ROCKCONT (see 12.2.80).
12.2.78) (e300),
Rock conductivity (kJ/m/day/C ) – ROCKPROP (see 12.2.78) (e300), HLOSSPROP (see 13.4.16) (stars), ROCKCONT (see 12.2.80).
Initial temperature (C ) – ROCKPROP (see 12.2.78) (e300), HLOSST (see 13.4.14) (stars), ROCKCONT (see 12.2.80).
Temperature-dependent coefficient of the volumetric heat capacity of the rock (kJ/m3 /C2 ) – ROCKPROP (see 12.2.78) in e300 (is not defined in stars).
Minimal difference between temperatures when the calculations of the heat loss should start (C ) – HLOSSTDIFF (see 13.4.15) in stars, ROCKCONT (see 12.2.80) (default 0) (is missing in e300).
Using these parameters tNavigator calculates for each grid block the value QL – the energy of heat loss between the reservoir and surroundings (QL = 0 – if the block isn’t situated on the the reservoir boundary).
4.31
Heater simulation
Let’s consider 3 heater models: I. constant energy injection rate; II. energy density dependent injection rate (energy rate depends on energy density changing with the time); III. temperature difference dependent injection rate (the heater that provides the energy rate proportionally to the difference between the current temperature in the block and maximum temperature). The following parameters should be specified via the keywords:
4.31. Heater simulation
147
4.31. Heater simulation
tNavigator-4.2
1. heater name (for E300 format models); 2. I,J,K-coordinates of the heater connection; 3. maximum heat injection rate, Hmax ; in E300 data format Hmax has units METRIC: kJ/day, FIELD: Btu/day; units in stars format – SI: J/day, FIELD: Btu/day; 4. maximum temperature in the block where heater is connected (METRIC (SI): C◦ , FIELD: F ◦ ); 5. temperature-dependent heat injection rate (proportional heat transfer coefficient between heat rate and the difference between current block temperature and maximum temperature), R; in E300 format R has units METRIC: kJ/day/K , FIELD: Btu/day/R◦ ; units in stars format – SI: J/day −C , FIELD: Btu/day − F . 4.31.1
Heater with constant energy injection rate
One should enter the following properties to specify the heater for model I: 1-3 (in stars format parameter 1 shouldn’t be specified). In E300 format parameters 1-3 are specified via the keyword HEATER (see 12.18.157). In stars format parameters 2-3 are specified via the keyword HEATR (see 13.9.1). For this heater model the heat will be injected at a constant rate to the grid block: H = Hmax . 4.31.2
(4.74)
Heater with energy density dependent injection rate
One should enter the following properties to specify the heater for model III: 1-5 (in stars format parameter 1 shouldn’t be specified). In E300 format parameters 1-5 are specified via the keyword HEATER (see 12.18.157). In stars format parameters 2-3 are specified via the keyword HEATR (see 13.9.1), parameter 4 – via the keyword TMPSET (see 13.9.2), parameter 5 – UHTR (see 13.9.3). In E300 for this heater model the heat rate to the grid block is: H = min((Tmax − T )R, Hmax ),
(4.75)
where T – current temperature in the grid block. In stars the heat rate to the grid block (for the linear model) depends on R sign: ( min((Tmax − T )R, 0), R > 0, (4.76) H= min((T − Tmax )|R|, 0), R < 0.
4.31.1. Heater with constant energy injection rate
148
4.32. Phase flow rate
4.31.3
Selecting of the heater operating mode depending on the defined properties E300
Hmax default is specified is specified is specified is specified Hmax > 0 4.31.4
tNavigator-4.2
Tmax default default Tmax < 1.0E10 Tmax > 1.0E10 Tmax < 1.0E10 is specified
R
Model I
Model II
Model III
Off. +
+ + + is specified R = .0
+ +
Temperature difference dependent injection rate
In E300, if we enter the heater properties 1-4, the value of energy rate in grid block depend on changing with time of the energy density in the block: i−1 Etot (Tmax ) − Etot , Hmax ), (4.77) dt where V - block volume, Etot (Tmax ) - density of the full energy in the block at maximum i−1 temperature, specified via 4, Etot - density of the full energy at the previous time step, dt the length of the last time step.
H = min(V
4.31.5
Flags of automatic heating or cooling (stars)
In stars for the block to which the heater is connected, one could specify an option of automatic switching of heater operation mode (R > 0): ( min((Tmax − T )R, Hmax ), T < Tmax , (4.78) H= 0, T ≥ Tmax . The same way the operation mode of cooling element can be switched automatically (R < 0): ( min((T − Tmax )R, Hmax ), T > Tmax , H= (4.79) 0, T ≤ Tmax .
4.32
Phase flow rate k rP u p = −βc k (∇p + ∇PcP − ρP g∇d) µP
(4.80)
where
βc – the constant value, g – gravitation constant,
krP = krP (SW , SG ) – phase relative permeability,
d = d(x, y, z) – depth (top-down).
4.31.3. Selecting of the heater operating mode depending on the defined properties E300149
4.34. Energy conservation equation
4.33
tNavigator-4.2
Mass conservation equation
Mass conservation equation (moles) for each component: 0
nP ∂ b φ (1 − SS )Nc = div ∑ xc,P ξPUP + Qc + QRc , c = 1, . . . , n0c ∂t P=1 ∂ (φ Nc ) = QRc , c = n0c + 1, . . . , nc ∂t
(4.81) (4.82)
where
UP = UP (p, N) – velocity vector (4.80) of phase flow P, P = 1, . . . , n0P ;
Qc = ∑nβw=1 δβ qc — total rate of all sources and flows; δβ – δ -Dirack function, on the β
β
trajectory of source (flow) number β , qc – rate (negative for flows and positive for sources), nw – total number of sources and flows;
QRc – component c flow, appears via the chemical reactions (4.72);
SbS – solid phase saturation (4.4);
n0P , n0c – see page 123.
Sources and flows — injectors and producers and aquifers.
4.34
Energy conservation equation
Energy conservation equation: ∂ (Ub ) = Fe +Ce + QRe + Qwell − QL e ∂t
(4.83)
where
internal block energy (kJ ) Ub specified via (4.53);
convection enthalpy flow from (in) neighbouring surrounding points n0P
Fe = div
∑ HPξPUP
P=1
where phase enthalpy HP specified via (4.38), UP = UP (p, N) – velocity vector (4.80) of phase flow;
energy flow due to conductivity Ce = div(Kb ∇T ), where Kb — block thermal conductivity (kJ/m/day/◦C ), see page 143;
4.33. Mass conservation equation
150
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
tNavigator-4.2
energy flow due to chemical reactions QRe see (4.73);
energy flow from the well Qwell e
n0P
=
∑ HP · ξP · QP,
(4.84)
P=1
where QP – rate of phase P for connection in the grid block, phase enthalpy HP specified via (4.38);
QL — energy flow due to heat loss with surrounding, see page 146.
Total energy conservation equation for block Vb : ! 0 ! nP n0c ∂ Vp 1 − SbS ∑ Nc ∑ (RP · HP) − 102 · p +Vp ∂t c=1 P=1 ! 0 Z Z nP
=
∑ HPξPUP
∂Vb
P=1
ds +
!
nc
∑
!
Nc · Hc,S (T ) +VR · HR
c=n0c +1
Kb ∇T ds + QRe + Qwell − QL . e
∂Vb
Where VR = max{Vb −Vp , 0}. In the equations above (mass conservation equation for components and energy conservation equation) the primary variables are p, Nc and T (parameter ZT in the keyword TFORM (see 12.1.8)). In case if the primary variables are p, Nc and Etot – system fluid enthalpy (parameter ZH in the keyword TFORM (see 12.1.8)). In this case the form of mass conservation equation doesn’t change (4.81) but the energy conservation equation will be the following: ! ! Z Z n0P ∂ Vb Etot = − − QL . ∑ HPξPUP ds + Kb∇T ds + QRe + Qwell e ∂t P=1 ∂Vb
4.35
∂Vb
Phase relative permeabilities
Calculation of phase relative permeabilities contains the following stages: 1. Permeabilities and capillary pressure are calculated for two-phase systems water–oil and gas–oil (see the table 1). 2. Relative permeabilities (and capillary pressure) scaling for two-phase systems (see 4.35.2, see the table 3). 3. Oil relative permeability krO is calculated using the first or the second Stone’s model.
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
151
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
tNavigator-4.2
Phase permeability scaling. Specification of critical saturations can be done using one of the following ways (they are not compatible):
Specification of critical saturations for each grid block (keywords SWL (see 12.6.27), SWCR (see 12.6.30), ..., KRW (see 12.6.43), ...).
Specification of critical saturations as depth function (keywords ENPTVD (see 12.6.38), ENKRVD (see 12.6.39)).
Specification of critical saturations as temperature function (keywords ENPTVT (see 12.14.69), ENKRVT (see 12.14.70)) - only for thermo-compositional model.
Specification of critical saturations as tracer concentration function (salt, surfactant) (keyword can only be used in tNavigator ENPTRC (see 12.6.41)).
4.35.1
Phase relative permeability for two-phase systems
Specification of phase relative permeabilities is in the table 1. Value krW (SW ), krOW (SW ) krG (SG ), krOG (SG )
e300 data format SWOF (see 12.6.1)
CMG data format SWT (see 13.6.3)
SGOF (see 12.6.2)
SLT (see 13.6.4)
PcOW (SW )
SWOF (see 12.6.1)
SWT (see 13.6.3)
PcOG (SG )
SGOF (see 12.6.2)
SLT (see 13.6.4)
Value description relative permeability for two-phase system water–oil relative permeability for two-phase system gas–oil capillary pressure two-phase system water–oil capillary pressure two-phase system gas–oil
Table 1: Phase relative permeabilities Phase relative permeabilities can be specified for different saturation regions (Saturation regions are specified via SATNUM (see 12.4.3) (e300), KRTYPE (see 13.6.7) (CMG)). I - saturation region number for current block i. From the table 1 we take functions for I and enter for them constants from the table 2. We suppose that at initialization stage the following condition is checked max krOW = max krOG SW
4.35.2
SG
Phase relative permeabilities scaling
Each constant in the table 2 can be changed,
via phase permeabilities scaling;
these constants can be specified as temperature dependent constants;
4.35.1. Phase relative permeability for two-phase systems
152
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
Value SW L SWCR SWU SGL SGCR SGU SOWCR SOGCR krW max krGmax krOmax krW R krGR krORG krORW PCGmax PCW max
tNavigator-4.2
Value description minimal value of SW in table for water maximal value of SW in table for water, for which krW (SW ) = 0 maximal value of SW in table for water minimal value of SG in table for gas maximal value of SG in table for gas, for which krG (SG ) = 0 maximal value of SG in table for gas maximal value of SO = 1−SW −SGL in table for water, for which krOW (SW ) = 0 maximal value of SO = 1 − SG − SW L in table for gas, for which krOG (SG ) = 0 maximal value of function krW (SW ) maximal value of function krG (SG ) maximal value of function krOW (SW ) and krOG (SG ) krW (1 − SOWCR − SGL ) krG (1 − SOGCR − SW L ) krOG (SGCR ) krOW (SWCR ) maximal value of function PcOG (SG ) maximal value of function PcOW (SW )
Table 2: Phase relative permeability constants see the table 3. Phase relative permeability scaling is switched on using the keyword ENDSCALE (see 12.6.24) (e300 data format run). In CMG data format initial conditions can be specified as constants in saturation regions (for example – SWR (see 13.6.9) etc.) and as constants in each grid block (for example – BSWR (see 13.6.10) etc.), in e300 data format – constant should be specified for each grid block. tNavigator supports all keyword from the table 3. Calculated values should satisfy the following conditions: 0 0 1. SGU 6 1 − SW L 0 6 1 − S0 2. SGL WU 0 0 3. SOWCR + SWCR SWU
(4.85)
else
0 krW 0 max (T ) krW (SW (SW , T )) krW max
(4.86)
If there is an oil phase in the model, the following parameters are calculated 0 (T ) > 1 − S0 0 SW SW L OWCR (T ) − SGL (T ) 0 (T ) SW L SW < SW L 0 0 0 (T ) SOW (SW , T ) = 1 − SOWCR − SGL SW > 1 − SOWCR (T ) − SGL 0 (T ))× SW L + (SW − SW L 1 − SOWCR − SGL − SW L × 0 0 (T ) − S0 (T ) else 1 − SOWCR (T ) − SGL WL (4.87) 0 k (T ) 0 0 krOW (SW , T ) = rOmax krOW (SOW (SW , T )) (4.88) krOmax
0 ScOW (SW , T ) =
0 PcOW (SW , T ) =
SW SW L
0 (T ) > S0 (T ) SW L WU
SWU 0 (T )) SW L + (SW − SW L
0 (T ) SW > SWU
0 (T ) SW < SW L
SWU − SW L 0 0 (T ) SWU (T ) − SW L
else
0 PCW 0 max (T ) PcOW (ScOW (SW , T )) PCW max
If there is gas phase in the model, for the given SG , T : SG SGCR 0 SG (SG , T ) = SGU SGU − SGCR 0 SGCR + (SG − SGCR (T )) 0 0 SGU (T ) − SGCR (T ) 0 k (T ) 0 0 krG (SG , T ) = rGmax krG (SG (SG , T )) krGmax
4.35.2. Phase relative permeabilities scaling
(4.89)
(4.90)
0 (T ) 0 SGCR (T ) > SGU 0 SG < SGCR (T ) 0 (T ) SG > SGU
(4.91)
else (4.92)
155
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
tNavigator-4.2
If there is an oil phase in the model, the following parameters are calculated 0 (T ) > 1 − S0 0 SG SGL OGCR (T ) − SW L (T ) 0 (T ) SGL SG < SGL 0 0 0 (T ) SOG (SG , T ) = 1 − SOGCR − SW L SG > 1 − SOGCR (T ) − SW L 0 (T ))× S + (S − S GL G GL 1 − SOGCR − SW L − SGL × 0 (T ) − S0 (T ) else 0 1 − SOGCR (T ) − SW L GL (4.93) 0 k (T ) 0 0 krOG (SG , T ) = rOmax krOG (SOG (SG , T )) (4.94) krOmax
0 ScOG (SG , T ) =
0 PcOG (SG , T ) =
0 (T ) > S0 (T ) SGL GU
SG SGL
0 (T ) SG < SGL
SGU 0 (T )) SGL + (SG − SGL
SGU − SGL 0 0 (T ) SGU (T ) − SGL
0 (T ) SG > SGU
(4.95)
else
0 PCGmax (T ) 0 PcOG (ScOG (SG , T )) PCGmax
(4.96)
Phase relative permeabilities free-point scaling is enable in e300 data format (see the keyword SCALECRS (see 12.6.26)). This method keeps permeability values in free points in the table below (additional point – SW r (SGr )). Permeability krW krG krOW krOG
Point 1 0 SWCR 0 SGCR 0 SW L 0 SGL
Point 2 0 0 1 − SOWCR − SGL 0 0 1 − SOGCR − SW L 0 SWCR 0 SGCR
Point 3 0 SWU 0 SGU 0 0 1 − SOWCR − SGL 0 0 1 − SOGCR − SW L
For the given SW , T the following parameters are calculated: ( 0 0 (T ) if oil phase is enable 1 − SOWCR (T ) − SGL 0 SW (T ) = r 0 1 − SGCR (T ) else ( 1 − SOWCR − SGL if oil phase is enable SW r = 1 − SGCR else
4.35.2. Phase relative permeabilities scaling
156
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
tNavigator-4.2
0 0 0 0 (T ) is not in an interval [S0 If calculated value SW r WCR (T ), SWU (T )] or SWCR (T ) > SWU (T ), 0 (S , T ) is calculated via formula (4.85), else: then SW W 0 SWCR SW < SWCR (T ) SW r − SWCR 0 0 0 (T ) (T )) 0 SWCR (T ) 6 SW < SW SWCR + (SW − SWCR r 0 SW r (T ) − SWCR (T ) 0 SW (SW , T ) = SWU − SW r 0 (T )) 0 (T ) 6 S < S0 (T ) SW r + (SW − SW SW W r r WU 0 0 (T ) (T ) − S S WU W r S 0 (T ) SW > SWU WU (4.97) 0 (S0 (T ), T ) = S . Note that SW Wr Wr If the keyword KRWR (see 12.6.43) is not specified or krW (SW r ) > krW max , then 0 (S , T ) is calculated via formula (4.86), else: krW W
0 krW R (T ) 0 0 (T ) krW (SW (SW , T )) SW < SW r krW (SW r ) 0 0 0 krW (SW , T ) = k0 (T ) + krW max (T ) − krW R (T ) × rW R krW max − krW (SW r ) 0 0 (T ) ×(krW (SW (SW , T )) − krW (SW r )) SW > SW r
(4.98)
0 (S0 (T ), T ) = k0 Note that krW Wr rW R (T ). 0 (S , T ), k0 If oil phase is present then SOW W rOW (SW , T ) also are calculated. For the given SW , T the following parameters are calculated: 0 0 SOW r (T ) = SWCR (T ),
SOW r = SWCR .
0 0 0 0 If calculated value SOW r (T ) is not in the interval [SW L (T ), 1 − SOWCR (T ) − SGL (T )] or 0 (T ) > 1 − S0 0 0 SW L OWCR (T ) − SGL (T ), then SOW (SW , T ) is calculated via formula (4.87), else 0 SOW (SW , T ) = SW L SOW r − SW L 0 (T )) SW L + (SW − SW L 0 0 (T ) SOW r (T ) − SW L = S 0 OW r + (SW − SOW r (T ))× 1 − SOWCR − SGL − SOW r × 0 0 (T ) − S0 1 − SOWCR (T ) − SGL OW r (T ) 1 − SOWCR − SGL
0 (T ) SW < SW L 0 (T ) 6 S < S0 SW W L OW r (T )
0 0 0 SOW r (T ) 6 SW < 1 − SOWCR (T ) − SGL (T ) 0 (T ) 0 (T ) − SGL SW > 1 − SOWCR
(4.99) 0 (S0 Note that SOW OW r (T ), T ) = SOW r .
4.35.2. Phase relative permeabilities scaling
157
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
tNavigator-4.2
If the keyword KRORW (see 12.6.42) is not specified or krOW (SOW r ) > krOmax , then is calculated via formula (4.88), else
0 krOW (SW , T )
0 0 krOmax (T ) − krORW (T ) 0 krORW (T ) + × krOmax − krOW (SOW r ) 0 0 (S , T )) − k 0 krOW (SW , T ) = ×(krOW (SOW W rOW (SOW r )) SW < SOW r (T ) k0 (T ) 0 0 rORW krOW (SOW (SW , T )) SW > SOW r (T ) krOW (SOW r )
(4.100)
0 0 0 Note that krOW (SOW r (T ), T ) = krORW (T ). If gas phase is present then for the given SG , T the following parameters are calculated: ( 0 0 (T ) if oil phase is present 1 − SOGCR (T ) − SW 0 L SGr (T ) = 0 1 − SWCR (T ) else ( 1 − SOGCR − SW L if oil phase is present SGr = 1 − SWCR else 0 (T ) is not in the interval [S0 0 0 0 If the calculated value SGr GCR (T ), SGU (T )] or SGCR (T ) > SGU (T ), 0 (S , T ) is calculated via formula (4.91), else then SG G 0 SGCR SG < SGCR (T ) SGr − SGCR 0 0 0 (T ) (T )) 0 SGCR (T ) 6 SG < SGr SGCR + (SG − SGCR 0 SGr (T ) − SGCR (T ) 0 SG (SG , T ) = SGU − SGr 0 (T )) 0 (T ) 6 S < S0 (T ) SGr + (SG − SGr SGr G GU 0 0 (T ) S (T ) − S GU Gr S 0 (T ) SG > SGU GU (4.101) 0 (S0 (T ), T ) = S . Note that SG Gr Gr 0 (S , T ) If the keyword KRGR (see 12.6.44) is not specified or krG (SGr ) > krGmax , then krG G is calculated via formula (4.92), else 0 krGR (T ) 0 0 (T ) krG (SG (SG , T )) SG < SGr krG (SGr ) 0 0 0 krGmax (T ) − krGR (T ) (4.102) krG (SG , T ) = 0 k (T ) + × rGR k − k (S ) rGmax rG Gr 0 (S , T )) − k (S )) 0 (T ) ×(krG (SG SG > SGr G rG Gr 0 (S0 (T ), T ) = k0 Note that krG Gr rGR (T ). 0 (S , T ), k0 If oil phase is present then SOG G rOG (SG , T ) also are calculated. For the given SG , T the following parameters are calculated: 0 0 SOGr (T ) = SGCR (T ),
4.35.2. Phase relative permeabilities scaling
SOGr = SGCR .
158
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
tNavigator-4.2
0 0 (T ), 1 − S0 0 If calculated value SOGr (T ) is not in the interval [SGL OGCR (T ) − SW L (T )] or 0 0 (T ) > 1 − S0 0 SGL OGCR (T ) − SW L (T ), then SOG (SG , T ) is calculated via formula (4.93), else 0 SOG (SG , T ) = SGL SOGr − SGL 0 (T )) S + (S − S GL G GL 0 0 (T ) SOGr (T ) − SGL = S 0 OGr + (SG − SOGr (T ))× 1 − SOGCR − SW L − SOGr × 0 0 (T ) − S0 1 − SOGCR (T ) − SW L OGr (T ) 1 − SOGCR − SW L
0 (T ) SG < SGL 0 (T ) 6 S < S0 SGL G OGr (T )
0 (T ) 0 0 (T ) − SW (T ) 6 SG < 1 − SOGCR SOGr L 0 0 (T ) SG > 1 − SOGCR (T ) − SW L
(4.103) 0 (S0 Note that SOG OGr (T ), T ) = SOGr . If the keyword KRORG (see 12.6.42) is not specified or krOG (SOGr ) > krOmax , then 0 krOG (SG , T ) is calculated via formula (4.94), else
0 0 krOmax (T ) − krORG (T ) 0 k (T ) + × rORG krOmax − krOG (SOGr ) 0 0 (S , T )) − k 0 krOG (SG , T ) = ×(krOG (SOG G rOG (SOGr )) SG < SOGr (T ) k0 (T ) 0 0 rORG krOG (SOG (SG , T )) SG > SOGr (T ) krOG (SOGr )
(4.104)
0 0 0 Note that krOG (SOGr (T ), T ) = krORG (T ).
4.35.3
Phase relative permeabilities for free-phase systems
If oil phase is present in the model, then oil relative permeability krO should be calculated. Let’s consider models from the table 4. Name Linear model (see [21])
e300 data format default
Stone I model(standard)
STONE1 (see 12.6.20) can not be defined
Stone I model(modified) (see [22]) Stone II model(modified)
STONE2 (see 12.6.21)
CMG data format RPT (see 13.6.2) (default) can not be defined RPT (see 13.6.2) (STONE1) default, RPT (see 13.6.2) (STONE2)
Table 4: Phase relative permeabilities for free-phase systems
4.35.3. Phase relative permeabilities for free-phase systems
159
4.35. Phase relative permeabilities
tNavigator-4.2
Linear Beyker’s model. Let (ε – small parameter): 0 0 (T ), T ) krOG (SG + SW − SW L k0 (SG + SW , T ) rOW 0 krO (SW , SG , T ) = SG · k0 (SG + SW − S0 (T ), T ) WL rOG + 0 (T )) S + (S − S W G W L 0 (T )) · k0 (S − SW L rOW (SG + SW , T ) + W 0 (T )) SG + (SW − SW L First Stone’s model.
0 (T ) < ε SW − SW L
SG < ε (4.105)
else
Let’s consider SOm (SG , T ):
for standard first Stone’s model:
0 0 SOm (T ) = min(SOWCR (T ), SOGCR (T ))
for modified first Stone’s model:
0 0 SOm (SG , T ) = α(SG , T )SOWCR (T ) + (1 − α(SG , T ))SOGCR (T ),
where α(SG , T ) = 1 −
SG . 0 0 (T ) 1 − SW L (T ) − SOGCR
Let 0 0 SW (SW , T ) = max(SW , SW L (T )). ∗ (S , S , T ), S∗ (S , S , T ), S∗ (S , T ) the following values: Let’s denote as SO W G W W G G G 0 1 − SW (SW , T ) − SG − SOm (SG , T ) if 1 − S0 (S , T ) − S > S (S , T ) G Om G W W ∗ 0 (T ) − S (S , T ) 1 − SW SO (SW , SG , T ) = Om G L 0 else 0 (S , T ) − S0 (T ) SW W WL 0 (T ) − S (S , T ) 1 − SW Om G L S G ∗ SG (SG , T ) = 0 (T ) − S (S , T ) 1 − SW Om G L
∗ SW (SW , SG , T ) =
Then 0 0 0 krO (SW , SG , T ) = krOW (SW L (T ), T ) ·
0 0 krOW (SW , T ) krOG (SG , T ) · 0 0 0 0 krOW (SW L (T ), T ) krOG (SGL (T ), T ) ∗ (S , S , T ) SO W G · ∗ ∗ (S , T )) (4.106) (1 − SW (SW , SG , T ))(1 − SG G
Since krOW (SW L , T ) = krOG (SGL , T ) – maximal value in the table, this formula provides krO (SW L , SG , T ) = krOG (SG , T ) and krO (SW , SGL , T ) = krOW (SW , T ). 4.35.3. Phase relative permeabilities for free-phase systems
160
4.36. Calculation of the phase composition
tNavigator-4.2
Second Stone’s model. Let’s consider the following functions: 0 krGmax (T ) if KRG (see 12.6.44) and KRW (see 12.6.43) are specified 0 krW (T ) max krW max if only KRW (see 12.6.43) is specified 0 α(T ) = krW max (T ) 0 krGmax (T ) if only KRG (see 12.6.44) is specified krW max 1 else (4.107) 0 krW max (T ) if KRG (see 12.6.44) and KRW (see 12.6.43) are specified 0 krGmax (T ) 0 krW max (T ) if only KRW (see 12.6.43) is specified β (T ) = krGmax k 0 rGmax if only KRG (see 12.6.44) is specified krGmax (T ) 1 else (4.108) Then k0 (S , T ) 0 0 0 0 rOW W krO (SW , SG , T ) = krOW (SW L (T ), T ) 0 0 (T ), T ) + α(T )krW (SW , T ) krOW (SW L 0 k (SG , T ) 0 0 0 · 0 rOG0 + β (T )krG (SG , T ) − (α(T )krW (SW , T ) + β (T )krG (SG , T )) (4.109) krOG (SGL (T ), T ) If krO (SW , SG , T ) < 0, then krO (SW , SG , T ) = 0 is considered. Since krOW (SW L , T ) = krOG (SGL , T ) – maximal value in the table, this formula provides krO (SW L , SG , T ) = krOG (SG , T ) and krO (SW , SGL , T ) = krOW (SW , T ).
4.36
Calculation of the phase composition
Calculation of the phase composition of the mixture from pressure, component molar densities and total molar enthalpy of the mixture. We consider the problem of calculation of the phase composition and temperature of the mixture in a situation where the primary variables of filtration equations and energy conservation equation are pressure, molar density of the components, and a volumetric energy density of the block. 4.36.1
Statement of the problem
We have the notations introduced earlier. Thus, suppose there is a mixture consisting from 0 nc components, first nc components are movable. We assume that the following values are known: pressure p, molar densities of the components Nc , c = 1, . . . , nc , and a volumetric
4.36. Calculation of the phase composition
161
4.37. Initial conditions
tNavigator-4.2
energy density Etot . According to this data it is necessary to calculate the phase mixture composition (RP , P = O,W, G), temperature (T ), and the concentrations of movable components 0 in the phases (xc,P , c = 1, . . . , nc ). There is a system of algebraic equations: 0 c = 1, . . . , nc zc = ∑ xc,P · RP P=O,W,G xc,G = Kc (p, T ) ωc,G > 0, ωc,L > 0, where L ∈ {O,W } x c,L 0 nc P = O,W, G ∑ xc,P = 1 c=1 ! nc φe f f (1 − SbS ) Ntot ∑ RP HP − 102 p + φe f f ∑ , Nc Hc,S + c=nc P=O,W,G +(1 − φe f f )HR = Etot , (4.110) 0
nc
where φe f f = Vp /Vb – effective porosity, Ntot = ∑ Nc . Note, then the number of equations c=1
0
00
00
and the number of variables in (4.110) are equal (and equal to 4 + nc + nc , here nc – the number of components, for which ωc,G > 0, ωc,L > 0, where as in (4.110) L ∈ {O,W }).
4.37
Initial conditions
For the equations (4.81), (4.83) one should specify initial p, Nc , T . tNavigator uses two variants of specification of initial conditions:
explicit specification of initial conditions;
initial conditions are calculated from hydrostatic and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions.
4.37.1
Explicit specification of initial conditions
In this case the following parameters are always specified explicitly:
pressure p – via PRESSURE (see 12.15.8) (PRES (see 13.7.16));
temperature T – via TEMPI (see 12.15.26) (TEMP (see 13.7.17)).
For solid phase always
in e300 data format one should specify explicitly solid phase saturation SbS and component distribution xc,S (see (4.4) via SSOLID (see 12.15.13) and SMF (see 12.15.16); then molar density of solid phase is calculated (4.19) and molar densities Nc , c = n0c + 1, . . . , nc ; in stars data format one should specify explicitly molar densities Nc , c = n0c +1, . . . , nc of components, which are present in solid phase, via CONC_SLD (see 13.7.18).
4.37. Initial conditions
162
4.37. Initial conditions
tNavigator-4.2
Phase and component composition of ’mobile’ phases and components can be specified several ways.
tNavigator (this option is missing in stars and e300 data formats) allows to specify explicitly values zc = Nc /Ntot ,
c = 1, . . . , n0c ,
n0c
Ntot = ∑ Nc via ZMF (see 12.15.19). So c=1
initialization algorithm is the following: – calculation of Ki = Ki (p, T ) using pressure and temperature from (4.24), (4.26), (4.27) – calculation of the solution of equation (4.21) and values RP , xc,P – calculation of molar phase densities of ’mobile’ phases ξP , P = 1, . . . , n0P from (4.5), (4.7), (4.10), (4.13), (4.14), (4.15) – calculation of Ntot – calculation of molar densities of ’mobile’ components Nc = zc · Ntot , c = 1, . . . , n0c .
0 , c= In e300 data format (this option is missing in stars) value of z0c = Nc /Ntot
2, . . . , n0c ,
0 Ntot
n0c
= ∑ Nc is specified explicitly via ZMF (see 12.15.19), water saturation c=2
SW is set via SWAT (see 12.15.10). Free gas is not defined: SG = 0, SO = 1 − SW , two keywords SOIL (see 12.15.12) and SGAS (see 12.15.11) are ignored. Initialization algorithm is the following: – calculation of the matrix xc,P : xw,W = 1, xc,W = 0,
xw,O = 0, xc,O = z0c
xw,G = 0, xc,G = 0,
c = 1, . . . , n0c ;
– calculation of molar densities ξW , ξO ; – calculation of the values Nc : Nw = ξW · SW ,
Nc = xc,O · ξO · SO = z0c · ξO · SO ,
c = 2, . . . , n0c .
Saturation of ’mobile’ phases SP is specified explicitly using SWAT (see 12.15.10) (SW (see 13.7.15)), SOIL (see 12.15.12) (SO (see 13.7.13)), SGAS (see 12.15.11) (SG (see 13.7.14)). Concentration matrix xc,P c = 1, . . . , n0c , P = O, G (for P = W ) – using XMF (see 12.15.17) (MFRAC_OIL (see 13.7.19)), YMF (see 12.15.18) (MFRAC_GAS (see 13.7.20)). Since (4.1) one can specify only several saturations (not all), see a table below. Swc – critical water saturation, which is calculated from the table of relative permeabilities at the given temperature. Then the initialization algorithm is the following: – calculation of molar densities of ’mobile’ phases ξP , P = 1, . . . , n0P from (4.5), (4.7), (4.10), (4.13), (4.14), (4.15) – calculation of molar densities of ’mobile’ components Nc , c = 1, . . . , n0c .
4.37.1. Explicit specification of initial conditions
163
4.37. Initial conditions
N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SW √ √ √
SO √ √ √
SG √ √ √
√ √ √
tNavigator-4.2
E300 format √ √ √ √ √ √
stars format √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Calculations SG = 1 − SW − SO SO = 1 − SW − SG SW = 1 − SO − SG SO = 1 − SW , SG = 0 SW = 1 − SO , SG = 0 SW = Swc , SO = 1 − SW − SG SW = Swc , SG = 0, SO = 1 − SW
In e300 and stars data formats initial conditions are specified in each grid block.
Pressure – PRESSURE (see 12.15.8), PRES (see 13.7.16).
Temperature – TEMPI (see 12.15.26), TEMP (see 13.7.17).
Solid phase – SSOLID (see 12.15.13), SMF (see 12.15.16), CONC_SLD (see 13.7.18).
’Mobile’ phases – ZMF (see 12.15.19), SWAT (see 12.15.10), SOIL (see 12.15.12), SGAS (see 12.15.11), XMF (see 12.15.17), YMF (see 12.15.18), SW (see 13.7.15), SO (see 13.7.13), SG (see 13.7.14), MFRAC_OIL (see 13.7.19), MFRAC_GAS (see 13.7.20).
4.37.2
Calculations of initial conditions from hydrostatic and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions
Solid phase saturation is specified explicitly, see 4.37.1. Temperature T distribution:
in e300 data format depends on depth – TEMPVD (see 12.14.68);
in stars data format – is specified implicitly via TEMP (see 13.7.17).
In black oil case the pressure p and saturation of ’mobile’ phases are calculated from hydrostatic equilibrium conditions – EQUIL (see 12.15.2) (VERTICAL (see 13.7.2)). In these calculations phase mass density should be calculated. In black oil case one should specify PVT tables and the distribution of boiling points (dew points) versus depth. In compositional run component composition of mixture should be specified in order to calculate phase mass densities. Stars supports only explicit specification of concentration matrix xc,P c = 1, . . . , n0c , P = O, G in each block via MFRAC_OIL (see 13.7.19), MFRAC_GAS (see 13.7.20), see 4.37.1. In e300 data format there are several ways to specify component composition of mixture versus depth.
4.37.2. Calculations of initial conditions from hydrostatic and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions164
4.37. Initial conditions
tNavigator-4.2 n0c
Distribution of values zc = Nc /Ntot , c = 1, . . . , n0c , Ntot = ∑ Nc versus depth is specc=1
ified via ZMFVD (see 12.13.14). Then mass density is calculated via the following algorithm: – values Ki = Ki (p, T ) are calculated from pressure and temperature at selected depth (4.24), (4.26), (4.27); – solution of equations (4.21) and calculate the values RP , xc,P ; – calculation of ’mobile’ phases mass densities ρP , P = 1, . . . , n0P from (4.5), (4.7), (4.10), (4.13), (4.14), (4.15). At the end of calculations: – calculated values zc in grid blocks are saved in an array ZMF (see 12.15.19); – calculation of Ntot ; – calculation of ’mobile’ components molar densities Nc = zc · Ntot , c = 1, . . . , n0c .
Distribution of concentration matrix xc,P c = 1, . . . , n0c , P = O, G (for P = W ) versus pressure is set via XMFVP (see 12.13.12), YMFVP (see 12.13.13). Hence this initialization can lead to thermodynamic non-equilibrium distribution. Therefore only one xc,P (of the phase which saturation is > 0; priority is O, G) is used. The second xc,P is calculated. – if SO > 0, then xc,O = XMF, xc,G = Kc (p, T )xc,O , c = 2, . . . , n0c ; – if SG > 0, then xc,G = YMF, xc,O = xc,G /Kc (p, T ), c = 2, . . . , n0c . ’Mobile’ phases mass densities ρP , P = 1, . . . , n0P are calculated from (4.5), (4.7), (4.10), (4.13), (4.14), (4.15). At the end of calculations: – calculated values xc,P in grid blocks are saved in arrays XMF (see 12.15.17), YMF (see 12.15.18); – calculation of ’mobile’ phases molar densities ξP , P = 1, . . . , n0P from (4.5), (4.7), (4.10), (4.13), (4.14), (4.15) – calculation of ’mobile’ components molar densities Nc , c = 1, . . . , n0c .
4.37.2. Calculations of initial conditions from hydrostatic and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions165
5.3. Time approximation
5
tNavigator-4.2
Mathematical model
Simulator uses usual finite difference approximation with respect to space and time variables to obtain discretization of physical model equations. The detailed description of transition from physical model to non-linear and then linear equations is written in the section – 5.4. The keyword RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119) controls the solution algorithms and the parameters of iteration process.
5.1
Space approximation
Simulator uses standard finite difference approximation with respect to space variables on rectangular block centered mesh. The standard upstream approximation is used for computation of coefficients of equations depending on saturations.
5.2
Solution algorithm for time step problem
Simulator has to solve system of linear equations for pressure on each time step. The preconditioned biconjugate gradient method is used with modified incomplete LU factorization (MILU(0)) as preconditioner. Time step is chosen to satisfy constraints posed on maximal variation of saturation, pressure and pore volume in each grid block.
5.3
Time approximation
For approximation with respect to time simulator uses Fully Implicit method by default for black-oil models. In this case both pressures and component molar densities are regarded as unknowns and all coefficients are calculated from their current values. This leads to system of non-linear equations to be solved. For solution standard Newton method is used. Time step is chosen automatically to provide method convergence. AIM (adaptive implicit) is used by default for compositional models. In black-oil models fully implicit is used by default. To use AIM in black-oil one need to set AIM parameter of the keyword RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119) or specify the keyword AIM (see 12.1.93). Settings of AIM can be changed in the keyword AIMCTRL (see 12.1.5).
5. Mathematical model
166
5.4. Transition from physical model to system of equations
5.4
tNavigator-4.2
Transition from physical model to system of equations
The first equation 2.1 (c = 1) is replaced by the sum of all equations for all variables c, as follows (we use for the summation ∑ xc,P = 1): c
∂ ∂t
φ ∑ Nc = div c
k r,P ξ β k (∇p − ρ g∇D) + ∑ qc P P P ∑ µP c P=O,W,G
(5.1)
Via Fully Implicit method (time approximation) and finite volume method (space approximation) the problem come to the system of non-linear equations. F(x) = F(p, N1 , . . . Nnc ) = 0, where p = (pi ), Nc = (Nci ) - pressure and molar densities in grid blocks. Newton method is used to solve this system of equations: x
m+1
∂ F(xm ) =x − ∂x m
−1
F(xm ).
where x = (p, N1 , . . . Nnc ). ∂ F(xm )/∂ x - matrix Rnc ∗(K+J) → Rnc ∗(K+J) × Rnc ∗(K+J) , K - number of grid blocks, J number of wells. Newton iteration is finished if: |F(x)| < ε1 (ε1 can be set via T OLNEW T in the keyword RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119)). The limit of main variables variation (for which Newton iteration is finished): ||xm − xm+1 ||∗ < ε2 (ε2 can be set via T OLVARNEW T in the keyword RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119)). At each step of Newton method the system with matrix ∂ F(xm )/∂ x is solved, the problem come to the system of linear equations: Ax = b, A - Jacobian from Newton method. Matrix A can be considered as a matrix, that has elements - blocks with size (nc ) × (nc ). Number nc depends on problem type (from 2 to 21). The preconditioned biconjugate gradient method is used to solve the system of linear equations with modified incomplete LU factorization (MILU(0)) as preconditioner.
5.4. Transition from physical model to system of equations
167
5.5. Model geometry
tNavigator-4.2
At iterations of linear system we have Axm = bm . Linear iteration is finished if |bm | < ε3 |b0 | (ε3 can be set via T OLLIN in the keyword RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119)). The keyword RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119) controls the solution algorithms and the parameters of iteration process.
5.5
Model geometry
tNavigator supports three types of grid cell geometry:
block-centered geometry: keywords DX (see 12.2.2) (or DXV (see 12.2.3)), DY (see 12.2.2) (or DYV (see 12.2.4)), DZ (see 12.2.2) (or DZV (see 12.2.5)) and TOPS (see 12.2.6). For this type of geometry transmissibilities are calculated by default using OLDTRAN (see 12.2.11) method;
corner-point geometry: keywords COORD (see 12.2.8) and ZCORN (see 12.2.9). For this type of geometry transmissibilities are calculated by default using NEWTRAN (see 12.2.12) method;
specifying grid via blocks tops – keyword CORNERS (see 12.2.102).
In block-centered geometry grid blocks are rectangular with horizontal upper and lower surfaces and vertical sides. In corner-point geometry grid blocks can have various shapes, that helps to model the complex geological structures such as faults and pinchouts. Additional options. Grid can be included to the model using the following keywords:
IMPORT (see 12.2.97) – The keyword imports cubes into a model. Cubes should be specified in binary format.
VISGRID (see 12.2.98) – The keyword is used to specify file of .EGRID format to visualize grid. This keyword is used in models with unstructured grid.
Y-pillar grid format – can be used in the model without modifications. This format is converted to the keyword CORNERS (see 12.2.102). The example of Y-pillar grid format is available in the description of the keyword CORNERS (see 12.2.102).
5.5. Model geometry
168
5.5. Model geometry
5.5.1
tNavigator-4.2
Transmissibility calculation
Transmissibility can be specified via the keywords TRANX (see 12.2.52), TRANZ (see 12.2.53).
12.2.51), TRANY (see
If these keywords are not specified, transmissibility will be calculated via the formula below. 1. in case OLDTRAN (see 12.2.11) run transmissibility value is calculated via the following formula: CDARCY · T MULT Xi · A · DIPC , T RANXi = B where:
CDARCY - Darcy’s constant (METRIC: 0, 00852702, FIELD: 0, 00112712).
T MULT Xi - transmissibility multiplier fot i-th cell;
A=
DIPC =
DXi ·DYi ·DZi ·RNT Gi +DX j ·DY j ·DZ j ·RNT G j DXi +DX j
- interface area between cell i and j
DHS DHS+DV S
- dip correction. DXi +DX j 2 – DHS = ; 2
– DV S = (DEPT Hi − DEPT H j )2 ;
B=
DXi +DX j 2·PERMXav
;
– Wi = DXi ; – W j = DX j ; The expression for the Y -transmissibility value is analogous to the above, with the appropriate permutations of X , Y and Z . For Z -transmissibility NT Gi , NT G j and DIPC are equal to 1. 2. in case NEWTRAN (see 12.2.12) run transmissibility value is calculated via the following formula: CDARCY · T MULT Xi , T RANXi = 1 1 Ti + T j where:
(A·Di ) Ti = PERMXi · RNT Gi · (D ; i ·Di )
1 Wi
(A·Di ) = RNT Gi · (D ; i ·Di )
1 Wj
= RNT G j · (D j ·Dj j ) .
(A·D )
5.5.1. Transmissibility calculation
169
5.6. LGR – Local Grid Refinement
tNavigator-4.2
(A · Di ) is scalar production. For Z -transmissibility RNT Gi is equal to 1. The keyword PERMAVE (see 12.2.36) sets value of parameter p in formula for calculation permeability averages for transmissibility:
PERMXav =
5.6
Wi · PERMXip +W j · PERMX jp Wi +W j
!1
p
.
LGR – Local Grid Refinement
In tNavigator local grid refinements can be specified. The following keywords are supported:
LGR (see 12.1.81) (RUNSPEC section) – set options and dimensions for local grid refinement.
LGRCOPY (see 12.1.109) (RUNSPEC section) – this option allows blocks of refined grid to inherit formation properties from parent grid host blocks.
CARFIN (see 12.2.87) (GRID section)– specifies a Cartesian local grid refinement (LGR). CARFIN (see 12.2.87) specifies a cell or a box of cells identified by its global grid coordinates I1-I2, J1-J2, K1-K2, to be replaced by refined cells. CARFIN (see 12.2.87) can be followed by keywords that describe properties in LGR, if they are different from the properties in parent grid. These keywords should be terminated with the keyword ENDFIN (see 12.2.89), which terminates data for a local grid refinement.
REFINE (see 12.2.88) – initiates data input for a named local grid (LGR). The keyword should be followed by name of local grid refinement the data for which is entered. The data should be terminated with the keyword ENDFIN (see 12.2.89), which terminates data for a local grid refinement. REFINE can be used in GRID, EDIT, PROPS, REGIONS, SOLUTION and SCHEDULE section.
ENDFIN (see 12.2.89) – terminates data for a local grid refinement.
NXFIN / NYFIN / NZFIN (see 12.2.90) (GRID section) – These keywords can be used to specify number of local cells in each global cell of an LGR (NXFIN – in X direction, NYFIN – in Y direction, NZFIN – in Z direction).
HXFIN / HYFIN / HZFIN (see 12.2.91) (GRID section) – These keywords can be used to specify the size ratios of each cell in a local grid refinement (LGR) (HXFIN – in X direction, HYFIN – in Y direction, HZFIN – in Z direction).
WELSPECL (see 12.18.4) (SCHEDULE section) – introduces a new well, defining information on its name and coordinates in local grids (LGR). WELSPECL must be used in place of WELSPECS (see 12.18.3) to set the general specification data for wells in local refined grids.
5.6. LGR – Local Grid Refinement
170
5.7. Well Approximation
tNavigator-4.2
COMPDATL (see 12.18.7) (SCHEDULE section) – defines well completions in local grids (LGR). COMPDATL (see 12.18.7) must be used in place of COMPDAT (see 12.18.6) to specify the connection data for wells in local refined grids.
COMPLMPL (see 12.18.23) (SCHEDULE section) – lumps connections together into completions to provide realization of simultaneous actions for wells in local grids (LGR). COMPLMPL (see 12.18.23) must be used in place of COMPLUMP (see 12.18.22) to lump connections together into completions to provide realization of simultaneous actions for wells in local refined grids.
WPIMULTL (see 12.18.29) (SCHEDULE section) – multiplies well connection transmissibility factors by specified value for wells in local grids (LGR). WPIMULTL (see 12.18.29) must be used in place of WPIMULT (see 12.18.28) to multiply well connection transmissibility factors by specified value for wells in local refined grids.
WFRACL (see 12.18.123) (SCHEDULE section) – specifies the hydraulic fracture for wells in local refined grids (LGR). WFRACL (see 12.18.123) must be used in place of WFRAC (see 12.18.122) to specify the hydraulic fracture for wells in local refined grids.
WFRACPL (see 12.18.125) (SCHEDULE section) – specifies the hydraulic fracture for wells in local refined grids (LGR) in graphical interface. WFRACPL (see 12.18.125) must be used in place of WFRACP (see 12.18.124) to specify the hydraulic fracture for wells in local refined grids in graphical interface.
COMPFRACL (see 12.18.127) (SCHEDULE section) – specifies the hydraulic fracture for connection in the grid layer for wells in local refined grids (LGR). COMPFRACL (see 12.18.127) must be used in place of COMPFRAC (see 12.18.126) to specify the hydraulic fracture for connection in the grid layer for wells in local refined grids.
5.7
Well Approximation
After discretization of equations for each grid block penetrated by the well the relationship between the flow rate of each phase, pressure in the well bore and grid block pressure should be established. This relationship is called “Inflow performance relationship". This relationship is used to calculate bottom hole pressure if user specifies rate control for injection or production well or to calculate rate if user specifies bottom hole pressure control for a well (WCONPROD (see 12.18.34), WCONINJE (see 12.18.36)).
5.7. Well Approximation
171
5.7. Well Approximation
5.7.1
tNavigator-4.2
Well Inflow Performance
The term “connection" denotes the flow path between the well bore and a single reservoir grid block. While calculating inflow performance relationship for each connection the following assumptions are made:
The well is assumed to penetrate the full thickness of the block, through its center, perpendicularly to two of its faces.
For any calculation time step density of fluid within the well bore does not vary with depth.
Friction effects in the well bore are neglected.
Capillary pressure is neglected when calculating inflow performance relationship; oil phase pressure is used.
After discretization of equation (2.106) we get the following inflow performance relationship for each well connection l with coordinates (i, j, k), written in terms of the volumetric phase flow rate (P = {W, O, G}, i.e. Water, Oil, Gas): l l QlP (pl , N l ,t) = T l (t) · MP (pl , SW , SG )(pl − plcon (t))
(5.2)
where
QlP = QlP (pl , N l ,t) – volumetric flow rate of phase P through connection l in reservoir conditions; T l (t) – connection productivity index, defined below, see section 5.7.2; l , Sl ) – the total phase mobility at connection l , defined below, see MP = MP (pl , SW G section 5.7.5;
l , Sl – nodal pressure and saturations in the grid block, containing connection; pl , SW G
Nc – component molar densities in block l ;
plcon (t) – the connection l pressure, see section 5.7.6;
5.7.2
Connection transmissibility calculation (CF and Kh)
Connection productivity index T l (t) may be defined by user, COMPDAT (see 12.18.6). Otherwise it is calculated according to formula T l (t) =
l 2πKmult (t)βc (Kh)l . (ln(rol /rwl ) + sl )
(5.3)
Here
l Kmult (t) – KH multiplier for connection l , COMPDAT (see 12.18.6));
5.7.1. Well Inflow Performance
172
5.7. Well Approximation
tNavigator-4.2
βc – the unit conversion factor, see section 10; (Kh)l may be explicitly defined by user, COMPDAT (see 12.18.6); otherwise it is calculated as product of K l – average permeability in plane perpendicular to well axis, see section 5.7.3, and hl , the size of the grid block in the direction of perforation penetration;
rol – pressure equivalent radius, defined below, see section 5.7.4;
rwl = dwl /2 – the radius of the well bore at the connection l ;
sl – the skin factor at the connection l .
Note. The well trajectories and all well parameters (Kh, CF, etc.) are calculated in local block coordinates. For each block, in each direction (X, Y, Z), a set of directing vectors is calculated. These vectors connect centers of opposite faces (in corresponding directions). These vectors form a basis. The trajectory part inside the block is represented in coordinates of the block. These coordinates are used to calculate Connection factor (CF) and Kh ([18]). First, these parameters are calculated along directions (Khx , Khy , Khz ; CFx , CFy , CFz ). Then, depending on model type (E100, E300, MORE, hybrid model) the resulting value will be equal either to the sum or the square root of sum of squares. In models with MORE format and hybrid models: Kh = Khx + Khy + Khz CF = CFx +CFy +CFz This logic is also used in Load well data from graphical interface. Inp models with E100, E300 format: Kh = p(Khx )2 + (Khy )2 + (Khz )2 CF = (CFx )2 + (CFy )2 + (CFz )2 In tNavigator a special keyword ETUNe (see 14.1.16) is supported, this keyword can be used for hybrid and MORE models, to set up CF calculation like in E100, E300 format. It should be used after trajectories. 5.7.3
Average permeability calculation
Average permeability K l for diagonal permeability tensor is calculated as geometric average of two orthogonal component of tensor. That is,
for Z -directed well K l could be calculated as K l = (kxl kyl )1/2
for X -directed well K l could be calculated as K l = (kyl kzl )1/2
5.7.3. Average permeability calculation
173
5.7. Well Approximation
tNavigator-4.2
for Y -directed well K l could be calculated as K l = (kxl kzl )1/2
Here kxl , kyl , kzl are elements of permeability tensor corresponding to block l . 5.7.4
Pressure equivalent radius calculation
The pressure equivalent radius rol is defined as the distance from the well at which the pressure, calculated using (5.2) is equal to the pressure of the block, containing the connection. In a Cartesian grid the Peaceman’s formula is used, which is applicable to rectangular grid blocks in case of permeability anisotropy. As mentioned above, the well is assumed to penetrate the full thickness of the block, through its center, perpendicularly to two of its faces. The pressure equivalent radius for the connection l is calculated as follows:
rol = 0.28
l 1/2 1/2 l 1/2 2 2 k k2 l l + D2 · k1l D1 · k l 1
2
l 1/4 k2 k1l
+
l 1/4
(5.4)
k1 k2l
where
Dl1 and Dl2 are the sizes of the grid block, containing connection, in the dimensions perpendicular to well penetration; k1l and k2l are the permeabilities of the grid block, containing connection, in the dimensions perpendicular to well penetration.
If the block sizes in two directions are equal D1 = D2 , and permeabilities are equal k1 = k2 , equivalent radius for the connection l is calculated rol = 0.198Dl1 . (for vertical well Dx = Dy , kx = ky , equivalent radius rol = 0.198Dlx .) 5.7.5
Mobility calculation
Mobility calculations are different for production well connections and injection well connections. For production well connections, the mobility depends on the conditions in the grid block containing the connection. For injection well connections we use downstream approximation as a standard practice to calculate phase mobility. It results in injection phase mobility being equal to sum of all three phases mobilities. For production wells phase mobility is calculated as: l l MP (pl , SW , SG )=
5.7.4. Pressure equivalent radius calculation
l , Sl ) krP (SW G µP (pl )
(5.5)
174
5.7. Well Approximation
tNavigator-4.2
For injection wells phase mobility is calculated as: l l l l krO (SW ) + krW (SW , SG ) + krG (SG ) , for injected phase l l )= MP (pl , SW , SG µO (pl ) µW (pl ) µG (pl ) 0, for other two phases
(5.6)
where
l , Sl ) is phase relative permeability evaluated at grid block saturations; krP = krP (SW G
µP = µP (pl ) is phase viscosity evaluated at grid block conditions;
5.7.6
Average well bore density and connection pressure calculation
Friction effects are usually small within the well bore at formation level, and they are neglected. We assume Darcy flow. The average well bore density is assumed to be constant at each calculation time step and equal to: l +ρ l l l ∑ ρO,SC q˜lO + ρW,SC q˜W G,SC (q˜G + RG,O (p )q˜O )
ρ¯ av =
l l l ∑ BO (pav )q˜O + Bw (pav )q˜W l
+ BG (pav )(q˜lG + (RG,O (pl ) − RG,O (pav ))q˜lO )
(5.7)
where
ρP,SC is the density of phase P at standard conditions;
BP = BP (pav ) is the phase formation volume factor evaluated at well bore conditions;
pav is average well bore pressure;
l , Sl ,t) is the well phase volumetric flow rate into connection l at q˜lP = q˜lP (pl , SW G standard conditions;
In this case connection pressure plcon (t) is calculated as plcon (t) = pBH (t) + ρ¯ av (t)g(Dl − DBH )
(5.8)
here
pBH (t) is bottom hole pressure of the well, user specified or calculated from (2.106), WCONPROD (see 12.18.34), WCONINJE (see 12.18.36);
DBH is bottom hole depth;
g is gravity constant;
Dl is depth of connection l ,
average wellbore density ρ¯ av (t) is calculated according to (5.7).
5.7.6. Average well bore density and connection pressure calculation
175
5.7. Well Approximation
5.7.7
tNavigator-4.2
Well potential calculations
Well potential is well flow rate (production or injection rate) in the absence of any rate constraints and at the current grid block conditions. Well potential is calculated with the following constraints: BHP limit, THP limit (VFP tables are used) and drawdown limit (if it is specified in 4-th parameter of WELDRAW (see 12.18.104)). Field (or group) potential is a sum of all wells potentials (or all wells in the group). Wells potentials are used in the following cases:
Group control. Wells potentials values are used as guide rates for wells, if their guide rates are not specified via WGRUPCON (see 12.18.80). Well (and group) guide rates can be specified according to their potentials (GUIDERAT (see 12.18.73)).
PRIORITY (see 12.18.78) – prioritization group control, one can set well priorities according to their potentials;
DRILPRI (see 12.18.200) – prioritized drilling queue, one can set well drilling priorities according to their potentials.
5.7.7. Well potential calculations
176
5.8. Modified well model
5.8
tNavigator-4.2
Modified well model
Let’s consider modified well model. Modifications help to describe hydraulic fracture simulation. 5.8.1
Well model with generalized connections
For each connection located in grid block l , the following data is specified:
Numbers of grid blocks from which the connection produces (or injects): l0 , l1 , . . . , lml where l0 = l .
Resistance (connection effective multipliers) between the connection and corresponding blocks (from which this connection produces or injects): γ0l , γ1l , . . . , γml l where γ0 = 1.
Threshold pressures. If these values are exceeded the flow from corresponding blocks to connection starts (or the flow from connection into corresponding grid blocks): pl0 , pl1 , . . . , plml where p0 = 0.
For each grid block which is connected to the well connection we assume:
Pressure in connection is calculating via the same formulae
Connection productivity index between blocks l = l0 and li is calculated via formula without the skin factor but with the multiplier γil : w,li w,li hw,li w,li l 2πKmult βc K b Θ = γi ϒ = γil Θw,li , w,li w,li log(r0 /rw )
(5.9)
The inflow performance relationship for the well connection l from the grid block ll,i (when pli > pw,l ) is specified with the replacement of the multiplier (pli − pw,l ) (if li 6= 0) by Ψ(pli − pw,l , plli ), where x − y if x > y x + y if x < −y Ψ(x, y) = 0 else
5.8. Modified well model
177
5.8. Modified well model
tNavigator-4.2
The injection from the connection l to the block ll,i (when pli < pw,l ) is specified with the replacement of multiplier (pli − pw,l ) (if li 6= 0) by Ψ(pli − pw,l , plli ).
Thus, the total inflow (outflow) of the component c in (from) the connection l is: qlc = −
∑
γil Θw,li Ψ(pli − pw,l , plli )
!
∑ xc,P(pli , N li , T li ) ξP(pli , N li , T li ) MP(pli , N li , T li )
P=1
i : pli >pw,l
qw − wc qtot 5.8.2
n0P
∑
γil Θw,li Ψ(pli − pw,l , plli ) ξavg (pl , qw , T l )
i : pli ' 308 10000 1* / / COMPFRAC '?' 1* 1* 1* 'OPEN' 110 1* 1* 1* -1.5 10 1.0 1*/ / ENDACTIO / For all connections of all injectors: if pressure in block with connection is greater than 308 bar an operation COMPFRAC (see 12.18.126) should be done in this block. The fracture with following properties is created: azimuth angle - 100 ◦ , infinite permeability along the fracture, there is no dependence from flow, fracture efficiency with skin-factor -1.5, productivity multiplier – 10, fracture length multiplier – 1. Operation will take place until limit of times is exhausted (parameter times is – 10000).
12.18.140. ACTIONC
1502
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.141 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WLIMTOL x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets tolerance fractures for economic and other limits. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The tolerance fraction is applied to the following limits: 1. connection, well, group, field economic limits (WECON (see 12.18.62), GECON (see 12.18.102), 12.18.68); 2. group, field maximum rate limits resulting in well workovers or closures (GCONPROD (see 12.18.72)). Default: Not specified. If one of the limits above is violated during any time step then at the end of the time step wells switch to the corresponding control. So the limit is violated for one time step before the control was switched. If the limit is violated by more than the tolerance fraction multiplied by the limiting value, the time step is recalculated after the control was switched. Thus, the change of control takes effect from the beginning of the time step during which the limit would otherwise have been violated. Example WLIMTOL 0.15 /
12.18.141. WLIMTOL
1503
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.142 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
SEPVALS x tNavigator
E300
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x E100
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword defines the initial separator conditions (first use of the keyword) and changes them during the simulation (next uses of the keyword). The first SEPVALS must be followed by the keyword GSEPCOND (see 12.18.143), which allocates well groups to separators. If the separator corresponds to a group, all wells of this group use this separator. If the separator’s conditions are altered by redefining them via SEPVALS, then the oil and gas rates of these wells are transformed to reflect the change in conditions. The keyword can only be used in "black oil" run. There must be at least one TSTEP (see 12.18.106) or DATES (see 12.18.105) between two entries of SEPVALS, in order to specify the moment of condition changes. The keyword can be followed by any number of data rows. Each row should be terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a final slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters: 1. separator name; the number of separators should be less or equal to the number of well groups (the 3-rd parameter of the keyword WELLDIMS (see 12.1.36)); 2. formation volume factor of bubble point oil when flashed from reservoir conditions to stock tank conditions through the separator (METRIC: rm3 /sm3 , FIELD: rb/stb); 3. solution gas-oil ratio of bubble point oil, when flashed from reservoir conditions to stock tank conditions through the separator (METRIC: sm3 /sm3 , FIELD: Msc f /stb). Example SEPVALS SEP1A 1.24 0.49 / SEP1B 1.243 0.50 / SEP1C 1.252 0.514 / / ... GSEPCOND GROUP1 SEP1A / GROUP2 SEP1B / P* SEP1C / /
12.18.142. SEPVALS
1504
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
In this example there are 3 separators. Well group GROUP1 uses the separator SEP1A, well group GROUP2 uses the separator SEP1B, all wells which name begins with P uses the separator SEP1C.
12.18.142. SEPVALS
1505
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.143 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GSEPCOND x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword assigns separators to well groups. Each separator should be specified earlier via SEPVALS (see 12.18.142). If the separator corresponds to a group, all wells of this group use this separator. If the separator’s conditions are altered by redefining them via SEPVALS (see 12.18.142), then the oil and gas rates of these wells are transformed to reflect the change in conditions. The keyword can be followed by any number of data rows. Each row should be terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a final slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters:
group name (or a first part of name ending with an asterisk), or FIELD (if the separator is at the field level);
name of the separator associated with this group;
(and its subordinate groups and wells).
In this example well group GROUP1 uses the separator SEP1A, well group GROUP2 uses the separator SEP1B, all wells which name begins with P uses the separator SEP1C.
12.18.143. GSEPCOND
1506
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.144 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
SEPCOND x tNavigator
Section
x E300
MORE
E100
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GRID
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REGIONS
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SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies separator conditions (the first usage of this keyword) or respecifies separator conditions (the nest usages of this keyword). The separator conditions are associated with the well via the keyword WSEPCOND (see 12.18.145). Each data row specifies one separator stage. Multi-stage separator is specified via several data lines. The keyword can be followed by several number of data rows, that specify separator stages (in increasing order). Each row should be terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a final slash /.. One data row contains the following parameters: 1. separator name; 2. group name (for with this separator is used as default). If a well in this group has a different separator (assigned via the keyword WSEPCOND (see 12.18.145), then it will be used instead of group separator. Analogously if one group contains the subgroups with default separator, then these subgroups will use its separator instead of group separator; 3. stage number; 4. separator stage temperature (METRIC: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F); 5. separator stage pressure (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia); 6. liquid destination output from the separator. If the stage before last has the number -1, then the oil volume after this stage is added to the stock tank oil; 7. gas destination output from the separator; 8. k-value table number (IGNORED), this is an Eclipse compatibility field; 9. gas plant table number. Tables are specified via keywords GPTABLE (see 12.15.22), GPTABLE3 (see 12.15.24), GPTABLEN (see 12.15.23). If 0 value is specified then gas plant table is not used and calculation of equation of state will be done. 10. surface equation of state number.
12.18.144. SEPCOND
1507
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Default:
group name (for with this separator is used as default) – not specified.
stage number – 1;
separator stage temperature – 15.56( ◦ C);
separator stage pressure – 1.013 (barsa);
liquid destination output from the separator – 0. Defines the liquid transition to the next separator stage (for all stages except the last one), or the stock-tank (for the last stage);
gas destination output from the separator – 0. Gas is accumulated in the stock-tank or field separator vapor. The volume is converted to the standard conditions;
gas plant table number –0.
Example SEPCOND S1 GROUP1 S1 GROUP1 S1 GROUP1 S1 GROUP1 /
1 2 3 4
37.000 110.81469 3 2 / -25.000 49.03305 3 1* / -8.73 12.491 4 1* / 20.000 1.01325 1* 1* /
In this example four-stage separator is specified. The wells from the group GROUP1 use this separator S1 for defaults. Liquid from the stage 1 goes to the stage 3. From the stage 2 – to the stage 3, from the stage 3 – to the stage 4, from the stage 4 to the stock-tank. Gas from the stage 1 goes to the stage 2. From stages 2, 3, 4 – to the stock-tank (for default).
12.18.144. SEPCOND
1508
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.145
tNavigator-4.2
WSEPCOND
Data format Section
x tNavigator
x E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
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RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword assigns separator to well. Separator name should be previously defines via the keyword SEPCOND (see 12.18.144). The keyword can be followed by any number of data rows. Each row should be terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a final slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters:
well name (or a first part of name ending with an asterisk), or well list specified via WLIST (see 12.18.26);
name of the separator associated with this well (separator name should be previously defines via SEPCOND (see 12.18.144)).
Example WSEPCOND 719 S1 / 720 S1 / 721 S1 / 722 S1 / 540 S2 / /
In this example wells 719, 720, 721, 722 use a separator S1, well 540 uses a separator S2.
12.18.145. WSEPCOND
1509
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.146
tNavigator-4.2
WDFAC
Data format
x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
MORE
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GRID
EDIT
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SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets well’s D-factor (flow-dependent skin for gas). The keyword can be followed by any number of data rows. Each row should be terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a final slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26); 2. D-factor for this well (METRIC: day/sm3 , FIELD: day/Msc f ). Default: D-factor = 0. Well’s D-factor can also be specified via the 12-th parameter of COMPDAT (see 12.18.6), COMPDATL (see 12.18.7), COMPDATMD (see 12.18.10). Connection’s D-factor is calculated from well’s D-factor. Connections D-factor can be entered directly via the 12-th parameter of COMPDAT (see 12.18.6), COMPDATL (see 12.18.7), COMPDATMD (see 12.18.10). Calculation of D-factor. If D-factor for well is specified, then connection D-factor is calculated via formula: Dconn = (Dwell ∗ ∑ c f )/c fconn If D-factors for connections are specified then for wells: Dwell = Dconn ∗ c fconn /(∑ c f ) Example WDFAC W872 8.0E-6 W890 8.0E-6 W800 5.0E-6 W720 5.0E-6 /
/ / / /
In this example D-factor is specified for wells W872, W890 and W800, W720.
12.18.146. WDFAC
1510
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.147 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WDFACCOR x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets D-factor correlation (flow-dependent skin factor for gas). The keyword can be followed by any number of data rows. Each row should be terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a final slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26); 2. coefficient A in D-factor formula below; 3. power B of permeability of grid block with connection in D-factor formula below; 4. power C of porosity of grid block with connection in D-factor formula below. Default:
coefficient A in D-factor formula below – 0;
power B of permeability of grid block with connection in D-factor formula below – 0;
power C of porosity of grid block with connection in D-factor formula below – 0.
D-factor correlation formula, the expression for non-Darcy flow (following Dake): k 1 γG D = A ∗ kB ∗ φ C ∗ ∗ ∗ h rw µG , where
A, B, C – are specified via this keyword;
k – effective permeability of grid block with connection (For a vertical well this permeability is calculated as the geometric mean of the X and Y direction permeabilities);
φ – porosity of grid block with connection;
h – connection length;
rw – wellbore radius;
12.18.147. WDFACCOR
1511
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
γG – relative density of gas (produced or injected) at surface conditions with respect to air at standard temperature and pressure;
µG – gas viscosity at bottom hole pressure.
For a well connection D-factor is calculated based on the permeability and porosity of the grid block with connection together with the fluid properties of the wellbore. Well’s D-factor can also be specified via the 12-th parameter of COMPDAT (see 12.18.6). Connection’s D-factor is calculated from well’s D-factor. Connections D-factor can be entered directly via the 12-th parameter of COMPDAT (see 12.18.6). Example FIELD / WDFACCOR WELLPR1 4.48E-5 -1.018 0 / / In this example the coefficients for D-factor formula are set for the well WELLPR1.
12.18.147. WDFACCOR
1512
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.148
tNavigator-4.2
WTRACER
Data format
x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
MORE
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SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets the value of concentration of a tracer in the injection streams of its associated phase. If the tracer isn’t present in the list of tracer names in this keyword, concentration is assumed to be equal to 0. The keyword is followed by any number of lines. Each line should be terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a final slash /. Each line consists of the following parameters: 1. well name (each well should be previously declared as injector) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. tracer name (specified via the keyword TRACER (see 12.7.1); in Eclipse tracer name may consist of up to 3 characters, but in tNavigator tracer name may consist of any number of characters), 3. value of the tracer concentration in the injection stream Tconc (a value from 0 to 1), 4. IGNORED. This is an Eclipse compatibility field Value of the cumulative tracer factor Tcum . Using the cumulative tracer factor the tracer concentration can be specified as a linear function of the total cumulative injection of the well. If the cumulative tracer factor is specified, then the tracer concentration in the injection stream is given by: Tc = MIN(CI ∗ Tcum , Tconc ), where CI - total cumulative injection at the previous timestep, 5. IGNORED. This is an Eclipse compatibility fieldGroup name. Example WTRACER 302 'B' 303 'B' 304 'B' 305 'B' /
1 1 1 1
/ / / /
In this example the concentration of tracer B is equal to 1 for four injectors: 302, 303, 304, 305.
12.18.148. WTRACER
1513
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.149
tNavigator-4.2
WSURFACT
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
IMEX
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SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the concentration of surfactant in the injection stream of injector. Surfactants – section 2.25.
The keyword can be followed by an arbitrary number of data lines. Each line should be terminated with a slash /. All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data line consists of the following parameters: 1. well name (the well should be specified as injector) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. concentration of surfactant in the injection stream (METRIC: kg/sm3 , FIELD: lb/stb). Example WSURFACT '753R' 10 / / In this example the concentration of surfactant in the injection stream is 10 (kg/sm3 ) for the injector 753R.
12.18.149. WSURFACT
1514
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.150
tNavigator-4.2
WALKALIN
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
IMEX
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GRID
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SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the concentration of alkaline in the injection stream of injector. Alkaline Flooding – section 2.24. Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding – ASP model. Full description of ASP mathematical model is in the section – 5.9. The keyword can be followed by an arbitrary number of data lines. Each line should be terminated with a slash /. All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data line consists of the following parameters: 1. well name (the well should be specified as injector) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. concentration of alkaline in the injection stream (METRIC: kg/sm3 , FIELD: lb/stb). Example WALKALIN 'W75' 10 / / In this example the concentration of alkaline in the injection stream is 10 (kg/sm3 ) for the injector W75.
12.18.150. WALKALIN
1515
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.151 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WPOLYMER x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the concentration of polymer in the injection stream of injector. (Polymer Flood – section 2.20). Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding – ASP model. Full description of ASP mathematical model is in the section – 5.9. The keyword can be followed by an arbitrary number of data lines. Each line should be terminated with a slash /. All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data line consists of the following parameters: 1. well name (the well should be specified as injector) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. concentration of polymer in the injection stream (METRIC: kg/sm3 , FIELD: lb/stb). Example WPOLYMER 'WPOL1' 0.1 / / In this example the concentration of polymer in the injection stream is 0.1 (kg/sm3 ) for the injector WPOL1.
12.18.151. WPOLYMER
1516
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.152 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WSALT x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
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SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword is used to specify the concentration of salt in the injection stream of each well. If the keyword WSALT doesn’t appear, then concentration values of zero are assumed. The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. well name (each well should be previously declared as injector) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. the concentration of salt in the injection stream of well (METRIC: kg/sm3 , FIELD: lb/stb). Example WSALT 105 80/ 126 80/ / In this example the concentration of salt in the injection stream of wells 105, 126 is 80 kg/sm3 .
12.18.152. WSALT
1517
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.153
tNavigator-4.2
WTEMP
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
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GRID
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SOLUTION
SUMMARY
Section
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the temperature of injected water when temperature option is used (2.30). The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. well name (each well should be previously declared as injector) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. temperature of injected water (METRIC: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F). Example WTEMP Well1 10/ Well2 10/ Well3 18/ Well4 18/ / In this example the temperature of water injected by Well1 – 10 ◦ C, the temperature of water injected by Well2 – 10 ◦ C, Well3 – 18 ◦ C, Well4 – 18 ◦ C.
12.18.153. WTEMP
1518
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.154 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WHTEMP x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
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GEM
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The keyword specifies the data for tubing head temperature calculations (THT) for producers. The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters (parameter 2 or 3 should be specified: they can’t be defined simultaneous): 1. well name (each well should be previously declared as producer) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. VFP table number (tables are specified via VFPPROD (see 12.18.57), VFPCORR (see 12.18.61), the table should contains THT values. To provide well THT calculations the well should have 2 tables: pressure VFP table and THT VFP table); 3. constant THT (METRIC: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F), IGNORED, this is an Eclipse compatibility field. Example WHTEMP Well1 2 / Well2 1* 38 / / In this example for the Well1 the 2-nd VFP table is assigned, for the Well2 the constant THT is specified – 38 ◦ C.
12.18.154. WHTEMP
1519
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.155
tNavigator-4.2
WINJTEMP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the temperature of injected water when thermal option is used THERMAL (see 12.1.50). The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. well name; 2. steam quality of the injected fluid (a value from 0 to 1). If this value is specified, the temperature or the pressure should be specified, but not the specific enthalpy rate; 3. temperature of the injected fluid (METRIC: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F). If this value is specified, one should specify also the steam quality or the pressure, but not the specific enthalpy rate; 4. pressure of the injected fluid (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia). If this value is specified, one should also specify the steam quality, temperature, or specific enthalpy rate (one of these parameters); 5. specific enthalpy of the injected fluid (METRIC: kJ/kg/Mol , FIELD: Btu/lb/Mol ). If this value is specified, one shouldn’t specify the steam quality or the temperature. Example WINJTEMP INJ840 0.7 350/ INJ219 0.8 210/ /
12.18.155. WINJTEMP
1520
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.156 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WINJWAT x tNavigator
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword in an alias to the keyword WINJTEMP (see 12.18.155).
12.18.156. WINJWAT
1521
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.157
tNavigator-4.2
HEATER
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the parameters of a heater when thermal option is used THERMAL (see 12.1.50). The description of heater simulation is in the section – 4.31. The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. name of the heater; 2. I-coordinate of the heater connection (X-axis); 3. J-coordinate of the heater connection (Y-axis); 4. K-coordinate of the heater connection (Z-axis); 5. maximum heat injection rate, Hmax (METRIC: kJ/day, FIELD: Btu/day); 6. maximum temperature in the block where heater is connected, Tmax (METRIC: C◦ , FIELD: F ◦ ); 7. temperature-dependent heat injection rate (proportional heat transfer coefficient between heat rate and the difference between current block temperature and maximum temperature) R (METRIC: kJ/day/K , FIELD: Btu/day/R◦ ). Example HEATER PROD1 1 PROD2 1 PROD3 1 PROD4 1 /
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
7.0E10 7.0E10 7.0E10 7.0E10
12.18.157. HEATER
170 170 170 170
/ / / /
1522
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.158 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WTEST x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets instructions for testing of closed wells. The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26); 2. interval for testing (day). The well will be tested at the first time step that starts after this interval has expired since the well was closed. Next tests will be done at each time step that starts after the specified interval has expired since the previous test; 3. closure reason, valid for testing (string). tNavigator supports the following reasons:
the string contains P. The well will be tested if it was closed because of a physical reason (BHP or THP limits). It will be opened if the test shows that it can operate again;
the string contains E. The well will be tested if it was closed because of economic limits violation (WECON (see 12.18.62), CECON (see 12.18.67), WECONINJ (see 12.18.68)). If there is at least one open connection then the well is opened if all limits are satisfied in WECON (see 12.18.62). (All closed connections will not be reopened.) If the well doesn’t have any open connections, then it should be closed according to corresponding workover operation in case of limit violation in watercut, GOR and WGR. In this case all closed connections will be tested individually. Connection will be reopened in case if it’s watercut, GOR and WGR limits are note violated (WECON (see 12.18.62) and CECON (see 12.18.67)). (Connection that were closed manually are not tested). A well will be opened in case if at least one of it’s connections is reopened.
the string contains G. The well will be tested if it was closed because of GROUP or FIELD limits violation in the keywords GECON (see 12.18.102) or GCON—-. The well will be opened unconditionally, because it can’t be tested in isolation. In the case if a group or field limit will be violated, then the workover action is performed at the end of the timestep. If the well doesn’t have open connections, then all connections (closed due to automatic workovers) are reopened.
12.18.158. WTEST
1523
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
4. number of times the well can be tested. If the well was tested this number of times, it is not tested any more (or WTEST should be used one more time). 0 – the well can be tested unlimited number of times; 5. start-up time – time (days). At each time step after well’s reopening, its efficiency factor is multiplied by the value T − T0 time T − T0 < time; T – time at the end of time step, T0 – time when the well is reopened. If the start-up time is larger then the time step size, the well is brought on gradually. Default:
number of times the well can be tested – 0;
start-up time – 0.
Example WTEST Well1 120 P 20 10/ / In this example for the well Well1 the following data is specified: interval for testing 120 days, closure reason - P, number of times the well can be tested – 20, start-up time - 10 days.
12.18.158. WTEST
1524
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.159 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WELLSTRE x tNavigator
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the composition of the injected stream (oil or gas). Well stream can be used in the keyword WINJGAS (see 12.18.164), GINJGAS (see 12.18.165). The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters:
well stream name;
x1 -mole fraction of the 1-st component;
x2 -mole fraction of the 2-nd component;
...;
xNc –mole fraction of the Nc component (Nc – number of components in the run. The sum of the mole fractions should be equal to 1).
Example WELLSTRE 'stream1' 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.05/ 'stream2' 0.4 0.1 0.5/ /
12.18.159. WELLSTRE
1525
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.160 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
COMPMOBI x tNavigator
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies the total voidage mobility for injector. The total mobility is calculated via the formula: krW krO krG + + µW µO µG Injection volume is calculated as the product of a mass or energy density times the total mobility times the connection factor times the drawdown. The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26); 2. i-coordinate of connecting grid block; 3. j-coordinate of connecting grid block; 4. k1-coordinate of upper connecting grid block; 5. k2-coordinate of lower connecting grid block; 6. total voidage mobility (METRIC: cP−1 , FIELD: cP−1 ). Default:
i-coordinate of connecting grid block – 0 (any value is allowed);
j-coordinate of connecting grid block – 0 (any value is allowed);
k1-coordinate of upper connecting grid block – 0 (any value is allowed);
k2-coordinate of lower connecting grid block – 0 (any value is allowed);
total voidage mobility – 1.0 cP−1 .
12.18.160. COMPMOBI
1526
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Example COMPMOBI I1 4* 10.0 / I2 7 14 22 34 10.0 / /
12.18.160. COMPMOBI
1527
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.161
tNavigator-4.2
COMPMBIL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies the total voidage mobility for injector connections in local refined grids (LGR). The total mobility is calculated via the formula: krW krO krG + + µW µO µG Injection volume is calculated as the product of a mass or energy density times the total mobility times the connection factor times the drawdown. The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26); 2. LGR name; 3. i-coordinate of connecting grid block; 4. j-coordinate of connecting grid block; 5. k1-coordinate of upper connecting grid block; 6. k2-coordinate of lower connecting grid block; 7. total voidage mobility (METRIC: cP−1 , FIELD: cP−1 ). Default:
i-coordinate of connecting grid block – 0 (any value is allowed);
j-coordinate of connecting grid block – 0 (any value is allowed);
k1-coordinate of upper connecting grid block – 0 (any value is allowed);
k2-coordinate of lower connecting grid block – 0 (any value is allowed);
total voidage mobility – 1.0 cP−1 .
12.18.161. COMPMBIL
1528
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Example COMPMBIL I1 LGR1 4* 10.0 / I2 LGR4 7 14 22 34 10.0 / /
12.18.161. COMPMBIL
1529
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.162 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WINJMIX x tNavigator
Section
x E300
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The keyword specifies the mixture composition of the injected stream. The contribution of each fluid is specified as a fraction. Well stream can be used in the keyword WINJGAS (see 12.18.164), GINJGAS (see 12.18.165) (parameter MIX). The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. mixture name; 2. mixture contribution index of the fluid defined below (integer number); calculation of the injection mixture doesn’t depend on the order of fluid specification; 3. fraction of this fluid in the mixture; 4. nature of injected gas:
GAS – gas composition corresponds to the field separator gas composition;
STREAM – molar composition of the injected fluid is defined via the keyword WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159) (stream name should be entered via parameter 5 of this keyword);
GV – injected gas composition corresponds to gas composition, produced by specified group (group name should be entered via parameter 5 of this keyword);
WV – injected gas composition corresponds to gas composition, produced by specified well (well name should be entered via parameter 5 of this keyword).
5. character string that specifies the data in accordance with the parameter 4 of the keyword:
if the 4-th parameter is STREAM, the stream name should be specified here;
if the 4-th parameter is GV, the group name should be specified here;
if the 4-th parameter is WV, the well name should be specified here.
6. stage of the separator which defines the fluid composition for injection. The vapor from any stage can be used as a source of injection fluid.
12.18.162. WINJMIX
1530
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Default: Stage of the separator which defines the fluid composition for injection – 0 (the vapor from the whole separator is used as the injection fluid).
Example WINJMIX M1 1 0.5 GV GROUP1 / M1 2 0.5 GV GROUP2 / /
12.18.162. WINJMIX
1531
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.163
tNavigator-4.2
WINJORD
Data format
x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword defines composition of fluids for injection. It specifies fluids order. These are taken in this order subject to their availability. Each line should be ended by a symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. mixture name (maximum number of mixtures is set the keyword WELLDIMS (see 12.1.36)); 2. mixture contribution index of the fluid defined below. The fluids will be taken in increasing order of their contribution fraction (maximum number of mixture fluids is set in the keyword WELLDIMS (see 12.1.36)). 3. The nature of fluid:
GAS – the composition of the fluid is set to that of the field separator gas; STREAM – the molar composition of the fluid has been defined using the keyword WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159). The name of the stream must be entered in parameter 4; GV – The fluid is to be taken from the vapor production of a group, which name must be entered in parameter 4; WV – The fluid is to be taken from the vapor production of a well, which name must be entered in parameter 4.
Only the first two characters are significant. 4. the name of the wellstream, well or group (accordingly to value of the 3-rd parameter) that defines the fluid’s composition. It is necessary if value of parameter 3 is not GAS; 5. stage of the separator that defines the fluid composition. Default:
stage of the separator that defines the fluid composition: 0.
Example WINJORD IGAS 1 GV FIELD / IGAS 2 ST A1GAS / / 12.18.163. WINJORD
1532
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
In the example mixture IGAS consist of one part of vapor of reservoir (FIELD) and two parts of A1GAS stream which composition defined by the keyword WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159).
12.18.163. WINJORD
1533
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.164 Data format
WINJGAS x tNavigator
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the nature of injected gas. The keyword should be used in compositional runs to specify data for injectors when the keyword WCONINJE (see 12.18.36) is used. The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26); 2. nature of injected gas (tNavigator supports the following options):
GAS – gas composition corresponds to the field separator gas composition;
STREAM – molar composition of the injected fluid is defined via the keyword WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159) (stream name should be entered via parameter 3 of this keyword);
MIX – the molar composition of injected fluid is specified as a mixture via WINJMIX (see 12.18.162) (the name of the mixture should be specified via parameter 3 of this keyword);
GV – injected gas composition corresponds to gas composition, produced by specified group (group name should be entered via parameter 3 of this keyword);
WV – injected gas composition corresponds to gas composition, produced by specified well (well name should be entered via parameter 3 of this keyword);
GRUP – injected fluid is specified for the superior group.
3. character string that specifies the data in accordance with the parameter 2 of the keyword:
if the 2-nd parameter is STREAM, the stream name should be specified here;
if the 2-nd parameter is MIX, the mixture name should be specified here;
if the 2-nd parameter is GV, the group name should be specified here;
if the 2-nd parameter is WV, the well name should be specified here.
4. name of a wellstream to be used as make-up gas (specified via WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159)). Make up gas is used in case if there is no enough gas for injection from the source specified via parameters 2 and 3;
12.18.164. WINJGAS
1534
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
5. stage of the separator which defines the fluid composition for injection. The vapor from any stage can be used as a source of injection fluid. Default:
nature of injected gas – GRUP.
stage of the separator which defines the fluid composition for injection – 0 (the vapor from the whole separator as the injection fluid).
Example WINJGAS Well1 STREAM 'stream1'/ /
12.18.164. WINJGAS
1535
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.165 Data format
GINJGAS x tNavigator
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the nature of injected gas for well groups. The keyword should be used in compositional runs to specify data for injectors when the keyword GCONINJE (see 12.18.81) is used. The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. group name or group name root ending with ∗; 2. nature of injected gas (tNavigator supports the following options):
GAS – gas composition corresponds to the field separator gas composition;
STREAM – molar composition of the injected fluid is defined via the keyword WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159) (stream name should be entered via parameter 3 of this keyword);
MIX – the molar composition of injected fluid is specified as a mixture via WINJMIX (see 12.18.162) (the name of the mixture should be specified via parameter 3 of this keyword);
GV – injected gas composition corresponds to gas composition, produced by specified group (group name should be entered via parameter 3 of this keyword);
WV – injected gas composition corresponds to gas composition, produced by specified well (well name should be entered via parameter 3 of this keyword);
GRUP – injected fluid is specified for the superior group.
3. character string that specifies the data in accordance with the parameter 2 of the keyword:
if the 2-nd parameter is STREAM, the stream name should be specified here;
if the 2-nd parameter is MIX, the mixture name should be specified here;
if the 2-nd parameter is GV, the group name should be specified here;
if the 2-nd parameter is WV, the well name should be specified here.
12.18.165. GINJGAS
1536
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
4. name of a wellstream to be used as make-up gas (specified via WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159)). Make up gas is used in case if there is no enough gas for injection from the source specified via parameters 2 and 3; 5. stage of the separator which defines the fluid composition for injection. The vapor from any stage can be used as a source of injection fluid. Default:
nature of injected gas – GRUP.
stage of the separator which defines the fluid composition for injection – 0 (the vapor from the whole separator as the injection fluid).
Example GINJGAS G1 STREAM 'stream1'/ G2 GV GROUP1 / 'GINJ3*' GAS / / In this example for the group G1 the stream name stream1 is specified; for the group G2 injected gas composition corresponds to gas composition, produced by group GROUP1; for the groups that names begin with GINJ3 gas composition corresponds to the field separator gas composition.
12.18.165. GINJGAS
1537
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.166 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GADVANCE x tNavigator
x E300
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies a supply of advance import gas to a group that provides gas for reinjection (GINJGAS (see 12.18.165)). First, the advance import gas for this group is used for re-injection. Second, the gas produced by this group is used for re-injection. If the quantity of import gas is enough for re-injection, then the produced gas is not used (it is available for fuel or sale). The keyword is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. group name or group name root ending with ∗; 2. name of the well stream, that specifies the molar composition of the imported gas (well streams are defined via WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159)); 3. maximum rate at which advance gas can be supplied (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). Example GADVANCE GROUP1 STREAM2 1000000 / GROUP2 STREAM1 2000000 / /
12.18.166. GADVANCE
1538
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.167 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GRUPSALE x tNavigator
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies the group gas sales rate (the volume of gas available for reinjection is reduced by this amount). Gas available for re-injection. The available for re-injection gas of a group is equal to the group’s gas production rate minus its fuel rate (GRUPFUEL (see 12.18.169)) minus its sales rate (GRUPSALE (see 12.18.167)). The keyword GRUPSALE is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. group name or name root or FIELD; 2. constant gas sales rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day); 3. fractional gas sales rate; 4. each component fraction to sale. Default:
constant gas sales rate – 0 (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day);
fractional gas sales rate – 0;
each component fraction to sale: 1 for each component.
Example GRUPSALE GROUP1 42500 / GROUP2 34000 / GROUP3 67000 / / In this example constant gas sales rate is specified for three groups.
12.18.167. GRUPSALE
1539
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.168 Data format
GCONSALE x tNavigator x E100
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets value of gas rate for sale. To calculate gas injection rate gas rate for sale will be subtracted from total gas production rate. Each line should be ended by a symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. group name or a mask of group name; 2. value of gas rate for sale (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). It could be defined by the keyword UDQ (see 12.18.138). 3. maximum permitted sales gas production rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). The value should be greater than the value specified in parameter 2. In the case if the maximum rate is exceeded at the end of the timestep the action, specified via 5-th parameter, will be made. 4. minimum permitted sales gas production rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). The value should be less than the value specified in parameter 2. In the case if the gas rate falls below the minimum then at the end of the timestep the following actions will be made:
If the group is limited by a maximum gas production rate then its gas rate limit will be increased by the amount necessary to reach the sales gas target.
Open the next producer in the drilling queue. This producer should be subordinate to the group needing more sales gas, and not subordinate to a group under gas rate control or a prioritization group.
5. procedure on exceeding a maximum rate limit (specified via parameter 3):
NONE – do nothing,
CON – shut worst-offending connection in worst-offending well,
CON+ – shut worst-offending connection and all connections below it in worstoffending well,
+CON – analogue of CON+,
WELL – shut or stop the worst-offending well (parameter 9 WELSPECS (see 12.18.3)),
12.18.168. GCONSALE
1540
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
RATE – group’s gas production rate target will be reduced to a value that meets the sales gas target after allowing for any consumption and the current rate of reinjection. The group will be put on gas production rate control,
MAXR – acts the same as RATE, but maximizes the future production rate by setting the reinjection fraction limit to 1. If the injection capacity subsequently increases then the gas production target increases correspondingly.
We consider the well (or connection) as the worst-offending if it has the highest ratio of gas to the well’s preferred phase (parameter 6 WELSPECS (see 12.18.3)). Default:
maximum permitted sales gas production rate – no limit;
minimum permitted sales gas production rate – 0;
procedure on exceeding a maximum rate limit (specified via parameter 3) – NONE.
Example GCONSALE FIELD 50000 / / Value of gas rate of a field for sale is 50000 Msc f /day.
12.18.168. GCONSALE
1541
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.169 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GRUPFUEL x tNavigator
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies the group gas fuel rate (the volume of gas available for re-injection is reduced by this amount). Gas available for re-injection. The available for re-injection gas of a group is equal to the group’s gas production rate minus its fuel rate (GRUPFUEL (see 12.18.169)) minus its sales rate (GRUPSALE (see 12.18.167)). The keyword GRUPFUEL is followed by any number of data records. Each data record should terminated with a slash /. All data should terminated with a final slash /. Each data record should consist of the following parameters: 1. group name or name root or FIELD; 2. constant gas fuel usage rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day); 3. fractional gas fuel usage rate; 4. each component fraction to use as fuel. Default:
constant gas fuel usage rate – 0 (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day);
fractional gas fuel usage rate – 0;
each component fraction to use as fuel: 1 for each component.
Example GRUPFUEL GROUP1 42500 / GROUP2 34000 / GROUP3 67000 / / In this example constant gas fuel usage rate is specified for three groups.
12.18.169. GRUPFUEL
1542
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.170
tNavigator-4.2
WTAKEGAS
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
x E300
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword defines the order in which fuel, sales and reinjection gas are takes from production gas steam (fuel gas – GRUPFUEL (see 12.18.169), sales – GRUPSALE, reinjection – GCONINJE (see 12.18.81)). One values are below. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Possible order:
FRS – Fuel, then Reinjection, then Sales;
FSR – Fuel, then Sales, then Reinjection;
RFS – Reinjection, then Fuel, then Sales;
RSF – Reinjection, then Sales, then Fuel;
SFR – Sales, then Fuel, then Reinjection;
SRF – Sales, then Reinjection, then Fuel.
Default: FSR.
Example WTAKEGAS SRF /
12.18.170. WTAKEGAS
1543
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.171 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WAVAILIM x tNavigator
x E300
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SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets that the availability of injection fluids can be taken into account in injection rate calculations. This keyword doesn’t have any parameters. In case if the injection rate target is greater than the amount of injection fluid from the production system that is available for the injector then the injector stays onto fluid availability control.
The source of injection stream is – group or well (keywords GINJGAS (see 12.18.165), WINJGAS (see 12.18.164) or WELLINJE (see 12.18.40), parameter 2 is GV or WV). In case if the injection target is greater then the available gas from this source, then the injection controls depends on this keyword WAVAILIM. If the keyword is not specified then injecting more gas than is available takes place and it can result to a negative gas rate. If the keyword is specified, then the injection rate is limited by the amount of available gas for injection.
If the source of injection stream is a group then the gas available for injection is produced gas, minus fuel (GRUPFUEL (see 12.18.169)) and sales gas (GRUPSALE) (unless other conditions are specified in WTAKEGAS (see 12.18.170)), plus advance gas rate specified via GADVANCE (see 12.18.166).
If the source of injection stream is a well then the gas available for injection is its produced gas.
12.18.171. WAVAILIM
1544
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.172 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
SWINGFAC x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword activates the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. The swing and profile factors for FIELD are entered (seasonality profile). One should specify an annual profile – monthly multipliers to the mean rate or DCQ (Daily Contracted Quantity). For each month: target gas production rate for FIELD is equal to the DCQ multiplied by the month’s profile factor. The keywords GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) and GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) sets contract periods. These keywords should be used instead of DATES (see 12.18.105), TSTEP (see 12.18.106). Swing and profile factors, specified via this keyword are used to define field target gas rate and to adjust the DCQ. If there are several contract groups that have its own seasonality profiles (not only one FIELD), then the keyword GSWINGF (see 12.18.173) should be used instead of SWINGFAC. The keyword GASFIELD (see 12.1.90) sets if multiple contract groups are required. The keyword should be followed by 24 numbers (The data should be terminated with a slash /.):
the first 12 numbers – swing factors for each month from January to December.
next 12 numbers – profile factors for each month from January to December.
It is not recommended to set for one month profile factor greater than swing factor. The normalization condition should be performed for profile factors. Annual Contracted Quantity ACQ = 365, 25 ∗ DCQ where DCQ – Daily Contracted Quantity for gas. 365,25 – the average number of days in a year, with a leap year every fourth year. The normalization condition for profile factors: 12
∑ (Coe f fi ∗ Daysi) = 365, 25
i=1
where:
12.18.172. SWINGFAC
1545
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
i – number of the month;
Coe f fi – profile factor for the month number i;
Daysi – the number of days in a month i (28,25 days in February).
In this case the Annual Contracted Quantity ACQ for constant DCQ will be calculated according to the formula above. Example SWINGFAC 2*2.0036 3*1.5024 3*1.0012 3*1.5024 2.0036 2*1.6036 3*1.0000 2*0.4080 0.4077 3*1.0000 1.6036 /
12.18.172. SWINGFAC
1546
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.173 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GSWINGF x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword activates the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. The swing and profile factors for contract groups are entered (seasonality profile). If one contract group FIELD is used than the keyword SWINGFAC (see 12.18.172) should be used instead of this keyword. When GSWINGF is used each contract group can have it’s own set of swing and profile coefficients and it’s own DCQ will be calculated. One specifies an annual profile – monthly multipliers to the mean rate or DCQ (Daily Contracted Quantity). For each month: target gas production rate for contract group is equal to the DCQ multiplied by the month’s profile factor. The keywords GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) and GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) sets contract periods. These keywords should be used instead of DATES (see 12.18.105), TSTEP (see 12.18.106). Swing and profile factors, specified via this keyword are used to define target gas rates and to adjust the DCQ. The keyword should be followed by 25 numbers (the data for each group should be terminated with a slash /):
name or name root of the contract group;
the first 12 numbers – swing factors for each month from January to December.
next 12 numbers – profile factors for each month from January to December.
It is not recommended to set for one month profile factor greater than swing factor. The normalization condition should be performed for profile factors. Annual Contracted Quantity ACQ = 365, 25 ∗ DCQ where DCQ – Daily Contracted Quantity for gas. 365,25 – the average number of days in a year, with a leap year every fourth year. The normalization condition for profile factors: 12
∑ (Coe f fi ∗ Daysi) = 365, 25
i=1
where:
12.18.173. GSWINGF
1547
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
i – number of the month;
Coe f fi – profile factor for the month number i;
Daysi – the number of days in a month i (28,25 days in February).
In this case the Annual Contracted Quantity ACQ for constant DCQ will be calculated according to the formula above. Example GSWINGF G1
2*2.0036 3*1.5024 3*1.0012 3*1.5024 2*1.6036 3*1.0000 2*0.4080 0.4077 3*1.0000 G2 2*2.0000 3*1.5000 3*1.0000 1.2000 3*1.5000 2*1.6036 3*1.0000 2*0.4080 0.4077 3*1.0000 G3 2*2.0036 3*1.5024 3*1.0012 3*1.5024 2*1.4036 3*1.1000 2*0.4052 0.4051 3*1.1000
12.18.173. GSWINGF
2.0036 1.6036 / 2.0000 1.6036 / 2.0036 1.4036 /
1548
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.174 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
GDCQ x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
Section
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets initial DCQ for each contract group (Gas Daily Contracted Quantity. The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. Contract groups are defined via GSWINGF (see 12.18.173); each contract group has it’s name, swing and profile factors. The keywords GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) and GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) sets contract periods. These keywords should be used instead of DATES (see 12.18.105), TSTEP (see 12.18.106). Initial DCQ value can be reset at any time by further use of QDCQ. An arbitrary number of lines can be entered, each line should be terminated with a slash /. All the data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data line contains the following parameters: 1. group name or group name root; 2. initial DCQ of the group (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day); 3. is the group’s DCQ variable or fixed?
VAR – group DCQ is reduced to obey the swing requirement, that is specified by parameter 3 of the keyword GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) (or parameter 4 of GASPERIO (see 12.18.176)). If there are several contract groups VAR, then only the options YEAR or PER and NO can be used. For automatic DCQ reduction the options YEAR or PER can be used.
FIX1 – DCQ of the group remains equal to the value of parameter 2 (also in the case if the group can’t meet its target rate). At the first pass of each contract period the group’s target rate is equal to DCQ, multiplied by a swing factor. If in the keyword GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) parameter 3 is (or parameter 4 in the keyword GASPERIO (see 12.18.176)) – PRO, then group’s target rate is equal to DCQ, multiplied by a profile factor. At the second pass of each contract period the group’s target rate is equal to DCQ, multiplied by a profile factor;
FIX2 – the calculation is the same of for FIX1. The difference is the following: at delivery capacities calculation the maximum gas production rate is equal to DCQ, multiplied by a swing factor.
12.18.174. GDCQ
1549
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Default:
initial DCQ of the group – the group’s current DCQ;
is the group’s DCQ variable or fixed? – VAR.
Example GDCQECON G1 78000 VAR / G2 45000 FIX1 / G2 50000 FIX1 / /
12.18.174. GDCQ
1550
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.175 Data format
GASYEAR x tNavigator x E100
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets the contract years (advances simulation over the specified number of years). The data should be terminated with a slash /. GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) should be used instead of GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) if the length of the contract period is less than a year (These keywords should be used instead of DATES (see 12.18.105), TSTEP (see 12.18.106)). The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. Seasonality profile is calculated according to the profile coefficients specified via SWINGFAC (see 12.18.172) (or GSWINGF (see 12.18.173), if there are several contract groups). DCQ (Daily Contracted Quantity) is automatically reduced to obey the required swing factors, specified via SWINGFAC (see 12.18.172) (or GSWINGF (see 12.18.173), if there are several contract groups). The following parameters should be specified: 1. number of contract years to simulate (the contracts year begins when the keyword GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) is specified); 2. initial DCQ for FIELD (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). If there is only one gas supply contract, then this parameter should be defaulted in the next entries of this keyword. If there are several contract groups then this parameter should be defaulted and initial DCQ for groups should be specified via GDCQ (see 12.18.174); 3. swing requirement for automatic reduction of the DCQ:
YEAR or YES. The group must be able to work for the whole contract year at the DCQ, multiplied by the swing factor.
PRO. The group must be able to increase the production rate at any time of the contract year from the DCQ, multiplied by the profile factor, to the DCQ, multiplied by the swing factor.
ACQ. The group must be able to work at the DCQ, multiplied by the swing factor until it has produced its annual contracted quantity ACQ (ACQ = 365, 25 ∗ DCQ).
JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC, and JLY (the same for JUL). The group must be able to work at the DCQ, multiplied by the swing factor until
12.18.175. GASYEAR
1551
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
it has produced a fraction of its annual contracted quantity ACQ proportional to the sum of profile factors up to the end of the specified month.
NO. There are no swing requirements. DCQ remains equal the current value, also in the case if the group can’t meet it’s target rate. Parameters 5-8 are ignored in this case.
For all the options (except for NO), each contract year is simulated two times. The first pass – the calculation to decide how much the DCQ should be reduced to obey the swing requirement for the current contract year. The second pass – calculation of the actual performance of the field: the sales gas rate target at each month is equal to the new value of DCQ multiplied by the monthly profile factor. If the are several contract groups with varying DCQ (parameter VAR in the keyword GDCQ (see 12.18.174)), then one can use only options YEAR or NO. 4. flag that specifies if the timesteps should be limited so that each month starts with a new timestep? In tNavigator always – YES. 5. limiting DCQ reduction factor allowed in a single iteration of the first pass of the contract year (a value from 0 to 0.99). The nearer the reduction factor is to 1 the more accurate will be the result, but the more iterations of the first pass will be necessary. If DCQ should be reduced to a fraction less than the specified value, then it will be reduced only for this value (DCQ, multiplied by limiting DCQ reduction factor), the first pass of the contract year is calculated one more time (the maximum number of iterations is specified in parameter 7); 6. anticipated annual DCQ reduction factor (a number from 0.01 to 1). When DCQ was reduced automatically below the specified initial value, the DCQ is multiplied by the anticipated reduction factor at the beginning of each contract year. This factor can help to reduce the number of iterations of the first pass due to bringing the starting value nearer to the final value. If during the first pass it is calculated that DCQ should be reduced to the value of DCQnew , then this value is used in the second pass. If the anticipated annual DCQ reduction factor was specified, then the calculation of the next year is specified with initial DCQ, multiplied by this anticipated annual DCQ reduction factor; 7. maximum allowed number of iterations of the first pass of each contract year to calculate the DCQ; 8. convergence tolerance for the calculation DCQ when using the accelerated iteration. IGNORED. This is an Eclipse compatibility field. tNavigator doesn’t use tNavigator the accelerated iteration scheme. Default:
12.18.175. GASYEAR
1552
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
initial DCQ for FIELD – current value of DCQ;
swing requirement for automatic reduction of the DCQ – YEAR;
flag that specifies if the timesteps should be limited so that each month starts with a new timestep? – YES;
limiting DCQ reduction factor – 0, unlimited DCQ reduction is allowed;
anticipated annual DCQ reduction factor – 1 (the reduction is not anticipated);
maximum allowed number of iterations of the first pass of each contract year to calculate the DCQ – 3.
Example GASYEAR 2 150000 MAR / / GASYEAR 20 1* MAR / /
12.18.175. GASYEAR
1553
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.176 Data format
GASPERIO x tNavigator x E100
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets the contract periods (advances simulation over the specified number of periods). The data should be terminated with a slash /. GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) should be used instead of GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) if the length of the contract period is less than a year (These keywords should be used instead of DATES (see 12.18.105), TSTEP (see 12.18.106)). The contract period – the time over which the DCQ remains fixed. The contract period can be equal to any number of months that is a factor of 12 (1, 2, 3, 4 or 6). The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. Seasonality profile is calculated according to the profile coefficients specified via SWINGFAC (see 12.18.172) (or GSWINGF (see 12.18.173), if there are several contract groups). DCQ (Daily Contracted Quantity) is automatically reduced to obey the required swing factors, specified via SWINGFAC (see 12.18.172) (or GSWINGF (see 12.18.173), if there are several contract groups). The following parameters should be specified: 1. number of contract periods to simulate (the contract period begins when the keyword GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) is specified); 2. number of months in a contract period (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 12); 3. initial DCQ for FIELD (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). If there is only one gas supply contract, then this parameter should be defaulted in the next entries of this keyword. If there are several contract groups then this parameter should be defaulted and initial DCQ for groups should be specified via GDCQ (see 12.18.174); 4. swing requirement for automatic reduction of the DCQ:
PER or YES. The group must be able to work for the whole contract period at the DCQ, multiplied by the swing factor.
PRO. The group must be able to increase the production rate at any time of the contract period from the DCQ, multiplied by the profile factor, to the DCQ, multiplied by the swing factor.
12.18.176. GASPERIO
1554
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
PCQ. The group must be able to work at the DCQ, multiplied by the swing factor until it has produced its contracted gas quantity (DCQ, multiplied by the number of days in the period).
NO. There are no swing requirements. DCQ remains equal the current value, also in the case if the group can’t meet it’s target rate. Parameters 5-8 are ignored in this case.
For all the options (except for NO), each contract period is simulated two times. The first pass – the calculation to decide how much the DCQ should be reduced to obey the swing requirement for the current contract period. The second pass – calculation of the actual performance of the field: the sales gas rate target at each month is equal to the new value of DCQ multiplied by the monthly profile factor. If the are several contract groups with varying DCQ (parameter VAR in the keyword GDCQ (see 12.18.174)), then one can use only options PER or NO. 5. flag that specifies if the timesteps should be limited so that each month starts with a new timestep? In tNavigator always – YES. 6. limiting DCQ reduction factor allowed in a single iteration of the first pass of the contract year (a value from 0 to 0.99). The nearer the reduction factor is to 1 the more accurate will be the result, but the more iterations of the first pass will be necessary. If DCQ should be reduced to a fraction less than the specified value, then it will be reduced only for this value (DCQ, multiplied by limiting DCQ reduction factor), the first pass of the contract year is calculated one more time (the maximum number of iterations is specified in parameter 7); 7. anticipated annual DCQ reduction factor (a number from 0.01 to 1). When DCQ was reduced automatically below the specified initial value, the DCQ is multiplied by the anticipated reduction factor at the beginning of each contract year. This factor can help to reduce the number of iterations of the first pass due to bringing the starting value nearer to the final value. If during the first pass it is calculated that DCQ should be reduced to the value of DCQnew , then this value is used in the second pass. If the anticipated annual DCQ reduction factor was specified, then the calculation of the next year is specified with initial DCQ, multiplied by this anticipated annual DCQ reduction factor; 8. maximum allowed number of iterations of the first pass of each contract year to calculate the DCQ; 9. convergence tolerance for the calculation DCQ when using the accelerated iteration. IGNORED. This is an Eclipse compatibility field. tNavigator doesn’t use tNavigator the accelerated iteration scheme. Default:
12.18.176. GASPERIO
1555
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
number of months in a contract period – 12;
initial DCQ – current value of DCQ;
swing requirement for automatic reduction of the DCQ – YEAR;
flag that specifies if the timesteps should be limited so that each month starts with a new timestep? – YES;
limiting DCQ reduction factor – 0, unlimited DCQ reduction is allowed;
anticipated annual DCQ reduction factor – 1 (the reduction is not anticipated);
maximum allowed number of iterations of the first pass of each contract year to calculate the DCQ – 3.
Example GASPERIO 3 4 150000 PER / /
12.18.176. GASPERIO
1556
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.177 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
DCQDEFN x tNavigator
E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword defines whether the DCQ targets set in keywords GASYEAR (see 12.18.175), GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) or GDCQ (see 12.18.174) correspond to energy or gas production rate. In tNavigator always – gas production rate. The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. The following parameters should be specified: 1. GAS – DCQ corresponds to gas production rate. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Example DCQDEFN GAS /
12.18.177. DCQDEFN
1557
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.178
tNavigator-4.2
GDCQECON
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets the minimum economic DCQ limit for contract . The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. If DCQ falls below the specified value for the group then all producers in this group will be shut or stopped (corresponding to the 9-th parameter of the keyword WELSPECS (see 12.18.3)). If the contract group is FIELD, then the calculation will be terminated. An arbitrary number of lines can be entered, each line should be terminated with a slash /. All the data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data line contains the following parameters: 1. group name or group name root; 2. minimum economic DCQ value (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). Default: minimum economic DCQ value – 0 (no limit). Example GDCQECON G1 38000 / G2 45000 / /
12.18.178. GDCQECON
1558
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.179 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GASBEGIN x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword starts the set of keywords that specify well operations and reports during the contract period. The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. After this keyword the keyword that are listed below can go, they should be terminated with GASEND (see 12.18.180). Time in the contract period (between GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179) and GASEND (see 12.18.180)) when the operation should take place are specified via GASMONTH (see 12.18.181). Creation of Annual Scheduling File. The keywords GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) and GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) advance the simulation for one or more contract years or contract periods. Well operation at the end of the contract period can be performed in the usual way. To perform well operations or to make a report during the contract period the Annual Scheduling File should be created. All the required operations should be between the keywords GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179) and GASEND (see 12.18.180) before the keywords GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) and GASPERIO (see 12.18.176). The data between GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179) and GASEND (see 12.18.180) is read but not performed until the keywords GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) or GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) are used. If the Annual Scheduling File doesn’t change then it can be specified only once. Annual Scheduling File will be automatically performed from it’s beginning when any new GASYEAR (see 12.18.175) or GASPERIO (see 12.18.176) is read. If the Annual Scheduling File is varied then a new File should be specified at the beginning of the contract year via GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179) and GASEND (see 12.18.180). To specify an empty Annual Scheduling File (no well operations and reports during the contract period) you should specify GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179), and immediately after it – GASEND (see 12.18.180). Possible keywords for Annual Scheduling File creation:
BRANPROP (see 12.18.87);
GASMONTH (see 12.18.181);
GCONPRI (see 12.18.75);
12.18.179. GASBEGIN
1559
12.18. Schedule section
GCONPROD (see 12.18.72);
GCONSUMP (see 12.18.82);
GRUPNET (see 12.18.96);
GRUPTARG (see 12.18.54);
GRUPTREE (see 12.18.85);
GSATINJE (see 12.18.84);
GSATPROD (see 12.18.83);
NODEPROP (see 12.18.88);
RPTSCHED;
WEFAC (see 12.18.69);
WELOPEN (see 12.18.107);
WELTARG (see 12.18.51);
WGRUPCON (see 12.18.80).
12.18.179. GASBEGIN
tNavigator-4.2
1560
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.180 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GASEND x tNavigator x E100
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword ends the set of keywords that specify well operations and reports during the contract period after the keyword GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179). The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. well operations and reports during the contract period are specified between GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179) and GASEND (see 12.18.180). Time in the contract period (between GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179) and GASEND (see 12.18.180)) when the operation should take place are specified via GASMONTH (see 12.18.181).
12.18.180. GASEND
1561
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.181
tNavigator-4.2
GASMONTH
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies a month when in Annual Scheduling File creation the well operations will be performed or reports will be written. The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. Time moments in the contract period are specified between the keywords GASBEGIN (see 12.18.179) and GASEND (see 12.18.180)). The following parameters should be specified (The data should be terminated with a slash /.): 1. month. One of the following names: JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC, and JLY, is the same with JUL; 2. write a report: YES (or Y), NO (or N). Example GASMONTH SEP YES / ...KEYWORDS...
In this example we specify the report at the end of a time step, ending the 1-st September. We can also specify the well operations to be performed the 1-st September.
12.18.181. GASMONTH
1562
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.182 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WGASPROD x tNavigator x E100
x E300
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword can be used to declare several production wells to be such gas producers, that its opening from the drilling queue has higher priority than others’ one when the sales gas production rate falls below the minimum limit (keyword GCONSALE (see 12.18.168)). Initially the wells must be declared as shut producers (keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34)), and placed in the drilling queue (keyword QDRILL (see 12.18.203)). The wells should be placed under GRAT control (GRAT value is set by 6-th parameter of the keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34)). This gas rate value is overridden when the wells are opened from the drilling queue, as their gas rate targets are set automatically at multiples of the incremental rate set in parameter 2 below. The purpose of such producers is to ensure sufficient gas to meet sales gas requirements independently of any oil production target value. These producers are opened from the drilling queue only when the sales gas rate has fallen below the minimum requirement. Group and oil rate limits are ignored by these wells. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name, well name mask, well list or well list mask; 2. gas rate value (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: msc f /day). The well’s target gas production rate is increased by this amount; 3. Maximum permitted number of applying operation from parameter 2. Any number of data lines can be specified. Each data line should be ended by the symbol /.The data should be terminated with a slash /. Example WGASPROD WGAS1 3000 4 / / In the example gas limit value of well WGAS1 can be increased by 3000 msc f /day not greater than 4 times.
12.18.182. WGASPROD
1563
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.183 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GASFTARG x tNavigator
E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. It sets monthly gas rate values which are the field to be produced in the second pass of the gas field operations model. The following parameters should be specified: 1. 12 gas rate values which corresponds to each month of one calendar year (METRIC: sm3/day, FIELD: Msc f /day). The data should be terminated with a slash /. For months in which a rate is specified the field is produced at the lesser of DCQ ∗ PROFILE and the specified rate. For months in which values are defaulted the field is produced at DCQ ∗ PROFILE . DCQ is Daily Contracted Quantity, PROFILE – multipliers for gas rates (the keyword SWINGFAC (see 12.18.172)). The GASFTARG (see 12.18.183) keyword can also be used in conjunction with the GASFDECR (see 12.18.184) keyword. Example GASFTARG 2*20000.0 3* 2*50000.0 3* 2*20000.0 / In the example monthly gas rate values which are the field to be produced if they are lesser than DCQ ∗ PROFILE value. These values are specified for January, February (20000 Msc f /day), June, July (50000 Msc f /day) and November and December (20000 Msc f /day). For the others months values are defaulted.
12.18.183. GASFTARG
1564
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.184 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GASFDECR x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. It specifies values of decrement for contract gas rate which the field produced for the second pass of the gas field operations model. So, value of producing gas rate is DCQ ∗ PROFILE − DEC. DCQ – Daily Contracted Quantity, PROFILE – multipliers for gas rates (the keyword SWINGFAC (see 12.18.172)), DEC – decrement value which is set there. This keyword can be used in conjunction with the keyword GASFTARG (see 12.18.183). In this case field is to be produced lesser of DCQ ∗ PROFILE − DEC and specified in GASFTARG (see 12.18.183) gas rate value. The following parameters should be specified: 1. 12 decrement values which corresponds to each month of one calendar year (METRIC: sm3/day, FIELD: Msc f /day). The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
decrement value: 0.
Example GASFDECR 2*500.0 3* 2*500.0 2* 3*1000.0 / In the example decrement values are specified for each month. For January, February, June and July they are equal to 500 Msc f /day, for October, November and December they are equal to 1000 Msc f /day. For the others months these values are defaulted and equal to 0.
12.18.184. GASFDECR
1565
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.185 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GASFCOMP x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword is used in the Gas Field Model – section 2.19.7. The keyword sets compressors for models with option of standard network (see section 2.19.9). For each network branch only one compressor can be set. Compressors are activated when the field doesn’t achieve target gas rate value. If this value is decreased, then compressors would be disactivated – it is necessary to see if the field can meet it without them. The automatic compressors are also turned on while calculating the field’s maximal production. Each data line should contain the following parameters: 1. well group name or mask, which defines a subset of well groups; 2. number of VFP table, which is used when the compressor is operating (see the keyword VFPPROD (see 12.18.57)); 3. artificial lift quantity (ALQ) which is used when the compressor is operating. Units depend on what the ALQ was meant to represent when the VFP table was created (see the keyword VFPPROD (see 12.18.57)). Each data line should be ended by the symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
number of VFP table: 0 (i.e. the same which is used in the keyword GRUPNET (see 12.18.96));
artificial lift quantity: 0.
Example GASFCOMP 'PLAT-*' 1* 50 / / In the example for groups which name starts from ’PLAT-’ compressor properties are set: number of VFP table is taken from the keyword GRUPNET (see 12.18.96), ALQ is 50.
12.18.185. GASFCOMP
1566
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.186 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WVFPDP x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
Section
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies a pressure adjustment. The adjustment is added to the value of the well BHP obtained by interpolating the VFP tables. (Could be used for matching a well’s flow rate at a given THP, by adjusting the effective pressure loss between the bottom hole and the tubing head. A positive pressure adjustment (for production well) increases BHP and decreases a well’s production. Negative adjustment improves well’s production). The third parameter of the keyword is a tubing pressure loss scaling factor. Well’s BHP obtained from the VFP table adjusts by multiplying the tubing pressure loss (BHP-THP) by this factor. For production well a scaling factor, greater than 1, increases BHP and decreases a well’s production. The keyword is followed by any number of lines. Each line should be terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a final slash /. Each line consists of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. pressure adjustment (METRIC: bars, FIELD: psi), 3. tubing pressure loss scaling factor f p . Well’s BHP will be adjusted to BHP1: BHP1 = T HP + f p ∗ (BHPtab − T HP). Default:
pressure adjustment – 0,
tubing pressure loss scaling factor f p – 1.
Independently of the use of this keyword, well’s BHP is automatically adjusted to take account of any difference between its BHP reference depth (5-th parameter of WELSPECS (see 12.18.3)) and reference depth of VFP-table (VFPPROD (see 12.18.57)), by adding or subtracting a hydrostatic pressure correction based on the density of the fluid in the well bore. Example WVFPDP 302 2.5 / 303 -11.2 / 304 2 1.21 / / 12.18.186. WVFPDP
1567
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
In this example pressure adjustment is specified for wells 302, 303; for the well 304 both pressure adjustment and tubing pressure loss scaling factor is specified.
12.18.186. WVFPDP
1568
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.187 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
PICOND x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword controls the calculations of generalized pseudo-pressure option for modeling the effects of condensate dropout on the fluid mobilities at producing well connections. (This option is activated in gas condensate runs for wells by entering GPP as 8-th parameter of the keyword WELSPECS (see 12.18.3)). The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. the maximum interval between pressure quadrature points below the dew point pressure in the calculation of the generalized pseudo-pressure interval (METRIC: bars, FIELD: psi), 2. the maximum interval between pressure quadrature points above the dew point pressure in the calculation of the generalized pseudo-pressure interval (METRIC: bars, FIELD: psi), 3. damping coefficient PPDAMP (from 0 to 1) for the blocking factor. It provides a means of damping oscillations that may result from the explicit calculations of the blocking factor β (which is calculated at the beginning of each time step), by averaging it with its value from the previous time step according to the formula: β = PPDAMP ∗ βcalc + (1 − PPDAMP) ∗ β previous , where βcalc - calculated value at the time step, β previous value from previous time step; 4. IGNORED, this is an Eclipse compatibility field; 5. coefficient PPBFAC to generate lower bound pL of generalized pseudo-pressure integral table: pL = PPBFAC · pcomp . PPBFAC must obtain interval from 0 to 0.95; 6. coefficient PPBFAC to generate upper bound pL of generalized pseudo-pressure integral table: pU = PPAFAC · pcomp . PPBFAC must obtain interval from 1.05 to 2; Default:
the maximum interval between pressure quadrature points below the dew point pressure: 4 · patm ( patm - atmospheric pressure),
12.18.187. PICOND
1569
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
the maximum interval between pressure quadrature points above the dew point pressure: for e300 data format: 10 · patm ( patm – atmospheric pressure), for e100 data format: 0,
damping coefficient PPDAMP: 1.
coefficient PPBFAC : 0;
coefficient PPAFAC : 1.1;
Example PICOND 28 0.1 0.7 2* 1.8/ In this example there are: the maximum interval between pressure quadrature points below the dew point pressure - 28 bars, the maximum interval between pressure quadrature points above the dew point pressure - 0.1 bars, damping coefficient PPDAMP - 0.7, coefficient PPBFAC - 0, coefficient PPAFAC - 1.8.
12.18.187. PICOND
1570
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.188 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WPAVE x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword controls the calculation of well block average pressures. These averages represent the average pressure of the grid blocks containing connections to a given well, and optionally their adjacent and diagonal neighbors also, weighted according to either the connection transmissibility factors or the grid block pore volumes. Additional options for pressure weighting can be set in 5-th parameter of this keyword. Well block average pressures can also can be written to the results binary files requested in the keyword SUMMARY (see 12.17.1) via WBP, WBP4, WBP5 and WBP9. The averages are used for reporting purposes only, and will not affect any other results. If this keyword is not present, all items assume their default values, giving a poro volume weighted average, evenly weighted between the inner blocks and the outer ring of neighbors. The depth correction uses the wellbore density and only grid blocks associated with currently open well connections are included in the average. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. the weighting factor F1 between the inner block and the outer ring of neighboring blocks, in the connection factor weighted average. If the value lies between 0.0 and 1.0 (F1 ≥ 0), the average block pressure for each connection k is the weighted average of the inner block pressure Pi,k (i.e. the block containing the connection) and the average of the pressures Po,k in the 4 or 8 blocks surrounding it: ∑o,k Po,k P¯k = F1Pi,k + (1 − F1) No,k The value 1.0 gives total weighting to the inner blocks, containing the well connections. The value 0.0 gives total weighting to the 4 or 8 blocks neighboring each inner block. A value of F1 < 0 is used to indicate that the pressure of the inner block and its outer ring of neighboring blocks should be averaged according to their pore volumes. When F1 < 0, the average block pressure for each connection k is the average of the pressures in the inner block Pi,k and in each of the 4 or 8 blocks surrounding it Po,k , weighted according to their pore volumes Vi,k and Vo,k :
12.18.188. WPAVE
1571
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
P¯k =
Vi,k Pi,k + ∑o,k Vo,k Po,k Vi,k + ∑o,k Vo,k
The pressure in each individual grid block Pi,k or Po,k is corrected to the well’s bottom hole reference depth according to the option selected in parameter 3. The number of surrounding blocks No,k is 4 for 4-block and 5-block averages (WBP4, WBP5) and 8 for 9-block averages (WBP9). The configuration is shown in figure below. 4- and 5-block averages use the four immediate neighbors (n) of the connecting grid block. 9block averages use in addition the 4 diagonal neighbors (d). The inner block is ignored in 4-block averages (WBP4). The number of neighbors is smaller if the well is situated on the edge of the grid or adjacent to an inactive cell. The neighbors are selected in the plane perpendicular to the direction of penetration of the connection (see parameter 13 of keyword COMPDAT (see 12.18.6)). Thus for horizontal wells, the neighbors are in a vertical plane. For 1-block averages (W BP) F1 is effectively 1.0, whatever the value entered here. 2. the weighting factor F2 between the connection factor weighted average and the pore volume weighted average, which is used in the formula below. The value should lie between 0.0 and 1.0. The value 1.0 gives a purely connection factor weighted average, and 0.0 gives a purely pore volume weighted average. The well block average pressure Pw for a given well is a weighted combination of the connection factor weighted average pressure Pw,c f and the pore volume weighted average pressure Pw,pw : ¯ f + (1 − F2)Pw,pv ¯ P¯w = F2Pw,c Connection factor weighted average – this is the average over connections of the average block pressure Pk at each connection k , weighted according to the connection transmissibility factors Tk : ¯ f= Pw,c
∑k Tk P¯k ∑k Tk
Pore volume weighted average – this is simply the average depth-corrected pressure Pj in the selected set of grid blocks j , weighted by their pore volumes V j : ¯ = Pw,pv
∑ j V j Pj ∑ j Vj
3. depth correction flag. This flag controls how the grid block pressures are corrected to the well’s bottom hole reference depth (parameter 5 of the keyword WELSPECS (see 12.18.3)).
12.18.188. WPAVE
1572
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
WELL – The hydrostatic head is calculated using the density of the fluid in the wellbore at the well connections,
RES – The hydrostatic head is calculated using a representative density for the fluid in the reservoir. This density is calculated by averaging over fluid density for all the grid blocks associated with the well’s connections. The average over phases is weighted by the phase saturation, and the average over grid blocks is weighted by pore volume. Whether the averaging is performed over all grid blocks with declared connections to the well or only those with currently open connections is determined by parameter 4 of this keyword.
NONE – Grid block pressures are not depth corrected.
The wellbore fluid density is set to zero whenever the well is shut. Thus if WELL is selected there is a discontinuity in the reported pressure average when the well’s status changes between shut and open/stopped. 4. well connection flag. This flag controls whether the grid blocks associated with all the well’s declared connections contribute to the average pressure, or just those associated with the currently open connections.
OPEN Only grid blocks associated with currently open connections are included in the averaging calculation.
ALL Grid blocks associated with all currently defined connections (whether open or closed) are included in the averaging calculation.
If OPEN is selected there is a discontinuity in the reported pressure average whenever new connections are opened or existing ones are closed. This may be avoided by selecting ALL and defining all the well’s connections at the start of the run (whether initially open or closed). 5. Type of weighting for pressure.
PV – pore volume weighting;
CF – weighting for connection factor;
MOB – weighting for connection’s reservoir rate;
KH – weighting for connection’s kh;
NONE – no weighting, arithmetic average is calculated.
Default:
the weighting factor F1 – 0.5,
the weighting factor F2 – 1,
depth correction flag – WELL,
12.18.188. WPAVE
1573
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 31: Grid block configuration in well block average pressure calculations
well connection flag – OPEN,
type of weighting for pressure – PV.
Example WPAVE 0.33 0 2* / In this example is given a purely pore volume weighted average, with increased weighting to the outer blocks. Example WPAVE 0.33 1 / In this example is given a connection factor weighted average, with increased weighting to the outer blocks.
12.18.188. WPAVE
1574
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.189
tNavigator-4.2
WPAVEDEP
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword can be used to modify reference depth for the calculation of well block average pressures (keyword WPAVE (see 12.18.188)). The depth correction is calculated according to parameter 3 of the keyword WPAVE (see 12.18.188). An arbitrary number of data lines can be entered. Each data line should be followed by a slash /. All data should be terminated with a final slash /. The following parameters should be entered in each data line: 1. well name (or number) or well mask, which defines a subset of wells or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26); 2. reference depth for the calculation of well block average pressures (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ). Default:
reference depth for the calculation of well block average pressures – well bottom hole reference depth.
Example WPAVEDEP W1 2500 / W1 3100 / /
12.18.189. WPAVEDEP
1575
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.190
tNavigator-4.2
WRFT
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
Section
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets output of well RFT data. The following data will be written to RFT file: pressure, saturation and depth for each grid block in which a well has a connection. An arbitrary number of parameters can be entered. Each parameter should be followed by a slash /. All data should be terminated with a final slash /. The following parameters should be entered: 1. well name (or number) or well mask, which defines a subset of wells (for example, ∗ – all wells, PROD∗ – specifies all wells with names starting from PROD) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26). If the keyword doesn’t have any parameters, well RFT data will be output whenever a well is first opened. Example WRFT 'WELL3*'/ 'PROD11'/ /
12.18.190. WRFT
1576
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.191 Data format
WRFTPLT x tNavigator x E100
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets output of well RFT data (RFT file will be in the folder RESULTS). The following data for output:
RFT – depth, pressure, water and gas saturation for each block with connection.
PLT – depth, pressure, oil, water and gas flows; tubing flows at each connection (total upstream flow rates at surface conditions and local wellbore conditions); connection transmissibility factor and Kh.
An arbitrary number of data lines can be entered. Each data line should be followed by a slash /. All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data line contains the following parameters: 1. well name (or number) or well mask, which defines a subset of wells (for example, ∗ – all wells, PROD∗ – specifies all wells with names starting from PROD) or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26). 2. RFT data output:
YES – output the data for the wells at this time, describing conditions in the grid blocks with well connections;
REPT – output the data for the wells at this time and at all subsequent report times;
NO – don’t output data.
3. PLT data output:
YES – output the data for the wells at this time, describing the flows through the well connections;
REPT – output the data for the wells at this time and at all subsequent report times at which the wells are open or stopped;
NO – don’t output data.
12.18.191. WRFTPLT
1577
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Example WRFT 'WELL3*'REPT REPT / 'P1'YES YES / 'P2'YES NO / /
For the wells which names begins with WELL3, output of RFT and PLT data at this time and at all subsequent report times. For the well P1 output of RFT and PLT data at current time. For the well P2 output of RFT data at current time.
12.18.191. WRFTPLT
1578
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.192
tNavigator-4.2
SKIP
Data format
x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300 IMEX
MORE
GEM
STARS
x RUNSPEC
x GRID
x EDIT
x PROPS
x REGIONS
x SOLUTION
x SUMMARY
x SCHEDULE
The keyword provides all data below this keyword to be ignored till the keyword ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199), which terminates the skipping of the keywords. This keyword can be used in any section (not only SCHEDULE section). All the keywords specifying data skipping are the following: SKIP (see 12.18.192), SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196), SKIPON (see 12.18.198), SKIPOFF (see 12.18.197), ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199). Example SKIP WCONPROD 214 OPEN 213 OPEN 102 OPEN 103 OPEN /
LRAT LRAT LRAT LRAT
30.4045 1* 1* 30.4045 1* 30.0000 / 68.6742 1* 1* 68.6742 1* 30.0000 / 73.5618 0.6640 1* 74.2258 1* 30.0000 / 4.4876 1* 1* 4.4876 1* 30.0000 /
WCONINJE 104 WATER OPEN RATE 178.3000 1* 450.0000 / 126 WATER OPEN RATE 241.9000 1* 450.0000 / / ENDSKIP
All data between SKIP and ENDSKIP will be ignored.
12.18.192. SKIP
1579
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.193
tNavigator-4.2
SKIPREST
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
GEM
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
PROPS
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
SCHEDULE
This keyword allows to ignore all subsequent keywords in SCHEDULE section, until a restart time has been reached RESTART (see 12.1.14). You shouldn’t delete the keywords (that should be ignored) manually.
Example SKIPREST
12.18.193. SKIPREST
1580
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.194
tNavigator-4.2
SKIP100
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300 IMEX
MORE
GEM
STARS
x RUNSPEC
x GRID
x EDIT
x PROPS
x REGIONS
x SOLUTION
x SUMMARY
x SCHEDULE
The keyword provides all data below this keyword to be ignored (if the model is open in tNavigator as e100 model) till the keyword ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199), which terminates the skipping of the keywords. (If the model is open in tNavigator as e300 model the data will be read and used.) This keyword can be used in any section (not only SCHEDULE section). All the keywords specifying data skipping are the following: SKIP (see 12.18.192), SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196), SKIPON (see 12.18.198), SKIPOFF (see 12.18.197), ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199). Example SKIP100 WCONPROD 214 OPEN 213 OPEN 102 OPEN 103 OPEN /
LRAT LRAT LRAT LRAT
30.4045 1* 1* 30.4045 1* 30.0000 / 68.6742 1* 1* 68.6742 1* 30.0000 / 73.5618 0.6640 1* 74.2258 1* 30.0000 / 4.4876 1* 1* 4.4876 1* 30.0000 /
WCONINJE 104 WATER OPEN RATE 178.3000 1* 450.0000 / 126 WATER OPEN RATE 241.9000 1* 450.0000 / / ENDSKIP
All data between SKIP100 and ENDSKIP will be ignored.
12.18.194. SKIP100
1581
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.195
tNavigator-4.2
SKIP300
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300 IMEX
MORE
GEM
STARS
x RUNSPEC
x GRID
x EDIT
x PROPS
x REGIONS
x SOLUTION
x SUMMARY
x SCHEDULE
The keyword provides all data below this keyword to be ignored (if the model is open in tNavigator as e300 model) till the keyword ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199), which terminates the skipping of the keywords. (If the model is open in tNavigator as e100 model the data will be read and used.) This keyword can be used in any section (not only SCHEDULE section). All the keywords specifying data skipping are the following: SKIP (see 12.18.192), SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196), SKIPON (see 12.18.198), SKIPOFF (see 12.18.197), ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199). Example SKIP300 WCONPROD 214 OPEN 213 OPEN 102 OPEN 103 OPEN /
LRAT LRAT LRAT LRAT
30.4045 1* 1* 30.4045 1* 30.0000 / 68.6742 1* 1* 68.6742 1* 30.0000 / 73.5618 0.6640 1* 74.2258 1* 30.0000 / 4.4876 1* 1* 4.4876 1* 30.0000 /
WCONINJE 104 WATER OPEN RATE 178.3000 1* 450.0000 / 126 WATER OPEN RATE 241.9000 1* 450.0000 / / ENDSKIP
All data between SKIP300 and ENDSKIP will be ignored.
12.18.195. SKIP300
1582
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.196
tNavigator-4.2
SKIPTNAV
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
GEM
x RUNSPEC
x GRID
x EDIT
x PROPS
x REGIONS
x SOLUTION
x SUMMARY
x SCHEDULE
The keyword provides all data below this keyword to be ignored till the keyword ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199), which terminates the skipping of the keywords. The keyword is analogous to the Eclipse compatible keyword SKIP (see 12.18.192). This keyword can be used in any section (not only SCHEDULE section). All the keywords specifying data skipping are the following: SKIP (see 12.18.192), SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196), SKIPON (see 12.18.198), SKIPOFF (see 12.18.197), ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199). Example SKIPTNAV WCONPROD 214 OPEN 213 OPEN 102 OPEN 103 OPEN /
LRAT LRAT LRAT LRAT
30.4045 1* 1* 30.4045 1* 30.0000 / 68.6742 1* 1* 68.6742 1* 30.0000 / 73.5618 0.6640 1* 74.2258 1* 30.0000 / 4.4876 1* 1* 4.4876 1* 30.0000 /
WCONINJE 104 WATER OPEN RATE 178.3000 1* 450.0000 / 126 WATER OPEN RATE 241.9000 1* 450.0000 / / ENDSKIP
All data between SKIPTNAV and ENDSKIP will be ignored.
12.18.196. SKIPTNAV
1583
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.197
tNavigator-4.2
SKIPOFF
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
GEM
x RUNSPEC
x GRID
x EDIT
x PROPS
x REGIONS
x SOLUTION
x SUMMARY
x SCHEDULE
The keyword switches off data skipping, that was started via the keywords SKIP (see 12.18.192), SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196). The data after SKIPOFF will be read till the keyword SKIPON (see 12.18.198), which switches data skipping on again. So the keywords SKIPON (see 12.18.198) and SKIPOFF (see 12.18.197) should be used between SKIP (see 12.18.192) (SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196)) and ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199). This keyword can be used in any section (not only SCHEDULE section).
Example SCHEDULE SKIP INCLUDE 'sch1.inc'/ SKIPOFF INCLUDE 'sch2.inc'/ SKIPON INCLUDE 'sch3.inc'/ INCLUDE 'sch4.inc'/ ENDSKIP
In this example the file sch1.inc is ignored (between SKIP and SKIPOFF), then the file
12.18.197. SKIPOFF
1584
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
sch2.inc is read and used (between SKIPOFF and SKIPON), files sch3.inc and sch4.inc are ignored (between SKIPON and ENDSKIP).
12.18.197. SKIPOFF
1585
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.198
tNavigator-4.2
SKIPON
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
GEM
x RUNSPEC
x GRID
x EDIT
x PROPS
x REGIONS
x SOLUTION
x SUMMARY
x SCHEDULE
The keyword switches on data skipping which was switched of via the keyword SKIPOFF (see 12.18.197). The data after SKIPON (see 12.18.198) will be ignored till the keyword ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199). So the keywords SKIPON (see 12.18.198) and SKIPOFF (see 12.18.197) should be used between SKIP (see 12.18.192) (SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196)) and ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199). This keyword can be used in any section (not only SCHEDULE section). Example SCHEDULE SKIP INCLUDE 'sch1.inc'/ SKIPOFF INCLUDE 'sch2.inc'/ SKIPON INCLUDE 'sch3.inc'/ INCLUDE 'sch4.inc'/ ENDSKIP In this example the file sch1.inc is ignored (between SKIP and SKIPOFF), then the file sch2.inc is read and used (between SKIPOFF and SKIPON), files sch3.inc and sch4.inc are ignored (between SKIPON and ENDSKIP).
12.18.198. SKIPON
1586
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.199
tNavigator-4.2
ENDSKIP
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300 IMEX
MORE
GEM
STARS
x RUNSPEC
x GRID
x EDIT
x PROPS
x REGIONS
x SOLUTION
x SUMMARY
x SCHEDULE
The keyword terminates data that is below the keyword SKIP (see 12.18.192) (SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196)) and is ignored. The data after ENDSKIP will be read and used. All the keywords specifying data skipping are the following: SKIP (see 12.18.192), SKIP100 (see 12.18.194), SKIP300 (see 12.18.195), SKIPTNAV (see 12.18.196), SKIPON (see 12.18.198), SKIPOFF (see 12.18.197), ENDSKIP (see 12.18.199). Example SKIP WCONPROD 214 OPEN 213 OPEN 102 OPEN 103 OPEN /
LRAT LRAT LRAT LRAT
30.4045 1* 1* 30.4045 1* 30.0000 / 68.6742 1* 1* 68.6742 1* 30.0000 / 73.5618 0.6640 1* 74.2258 1* 30.0000 / 4.4876 1* 1* 4.4876 1* 30.0000 /
WCONINJE 104 WATER OPEN RATE 178.3000 1* 450.0000 / 126 WATER OPEN RATE 241.9000 1* 450.0000 / / ENDSKIP
All data between SKIP and ENDSKIP will be ignored.
12.18.199. ENDSKIP
1587
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.200 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
DRILPRI x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword defines the default priority formula for the prioritized drilling queue – section 2.19.12. A well can be placed to prioritized drilling queue via the keyword WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201) without a fixed priority (parameter 2 of the keyword WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201). Drilling priorities for the prioritized drilling queue are calculated at constant time intervals, specified via the 1-st parameter of this keyword. For producers: Priority =
a + bQO + cQW + dQG e + f QO + gQW + hQG
where: QO , QW , QG – well’s potential oil, water and gas production rates (description of well’s potential flow rate is in the section – 5.7.7), a, b, c, d, e, f , g, h – coefficients specified via this keyword. These coefficients shouldn’t be negative. At least one of the first four coefficients must be non-zero, and at least one of the last four coefficients must be non-zero. For injectors – drilling priorities are equal to their potential injection rates. Calculated via this formula drilling priorities may be replaced by fixed priorities specified via the keyword WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201). The following parameters should be entered (The data should be terminated with a slash /.): 1. minimal time interval between drilling priority calculation days (except for wells which have fixed priorities specified via the 2-nd parameter of the keyword WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201)); 2. a; 3. b; 4. c; 5. d ; 6. e;
12.18.200. DRILPRI
1588
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
7. f ; 8. g; 9. h. Default: a, b, c, d, e, f , g, h – 0. Example DRILPRI 150 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 / In this example minimal time interval between drilling priority calculation - 150 days. Wells will be drilled in decreasing order of their oil potentials: Priority =
12.18.200. DRILPRI
a + bQO + cQW + dQG 1 ∗ Q0 = Q0 = e + f QO + gQW + hQG 1
1589
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.201
tNavigator-4.2
WDRILPRI
Data format
x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
Section
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword puts wells into the prioritized drilling queue and defines their drilling priority values – section 2.19.12. The wells should be specified as shut or stopped producers or injectors. (Drilling queue doesn’t work for open wells.) Drilling priorities, entered via 2-nd parameter of this keyword will replace the values, calculated via formula DRILPRI (see 12.18.200). Any number of data rows could be entered (terminated with a slash /). All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data row consists of the following parameters: 1. well name of well list (WLIST (see 12.18.26)); 2. priority value:
positive value – drilling priority will be fixed at this value;
zero value – this well will be removed from the drilling queue;
negative value – drilling priorities for the prioritized drilling queue are calculated at constant time intervals, specified via the 1-st parameter of the keyword DRILPRI (see 12.18.200) from wells potential rates via the formula, whose coefficients are set in DRILPRI (see 12.18.200) (for producers). For injectors – drilling priority is equal to their injection potentials.
Default: priority value – negative. Example WDRILPRI 15 -1.0 / 13 -1.0 / 14 -1.0 / 16 2000.0 / / In this example negative priority values are set for wells 15, 13, 14. Well 16 has drilling priority 2000.
12.18.201. WDRILPRI
1590
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.202
tNavigator-4.2
WDRILTIM
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the time taken to drill the well. Section Prioritized drilling queue. Sequential drilling queue – 2.19.12. Any number of data rows could be entered (terminated with a slash /). All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data row consists of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list (WLIST (see 12.18.26)); 2. time taken to drill the well (days) (time not earlier than which may well be open next well from drilling queue QDRILL (see 12.18.203) or WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201)). 3. closure of well during drilling and workovers: YES – the well will be closed during it’s drilling and workovers (well’s efficiency factor WEFAC (see 12.18.69) is temporary set to zero) at the time steps during drilling and workovers. The closure time for workovers is set via WORKLIM (see 12.18.206) (zero by default). NO – well starts working at the beginning of the timestep in which its drilling starts, and is not shut during workovers. Default:
time taken to drill the well – 0 days;
closure of well during drilling and workovers – NO.
Example WDRILTIM PROD1 / PROD3 / PROD4 20 / PROD6 30 / / In this example the time taken to drill the well PROD1 and PROD3 - default value (0 days). Time taken to drill the well PROD4 – 20 days, PROD6 – 30 days.
12.18.202. WDRILTIM
1591
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.203 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
QDRILL x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword places the wells to sequential drilling queue. Section Prioritized drilling queue. Sequential drilling queue – 2.19.12. The wells should be specified as shut or stopped producers or injectors. (Drilling queue doesn’t work for open wells.) The keyword should be followed by well names, terminated with a slash /. Example QDRILL W6 W4 W3 W8 W2 W12 W23 W1 W14 /
12.18.203. QDRILL
1592
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.204 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
GDRILPOT x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword defines minimum potential rates for drilling. In the case if the group’s production or injection potential falls below the specified limit then in the drilling queue (QDRILL (see 12.18.203) or WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201)) a new well will be found to open to support the group’s potential. Any number of data rows could be entered (terminated with a slash /). All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data row consists of the following parameters: 1. group name or group name root; 2. potential (the value of which is specified by the 3-rd parameter):
OPRD – oil production potential;
WPRD – water production potential;
GPRD – gas production potential;
OING – oil injection potential;
WING – water injection potential;
GING – gas injection potential;
For production only one potential limit can be defined for each group at one time. For injection several limits may be defined simultaneously (one need to enter multiple records of this keyword for the same group); 3. minimum potential rate (potential is specified via 2-nd parameter) (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day – for oil and water or Msc f /day – for gas). Example GDRILPOT GROUP1 OPRD 5000 / GROUP2 WINJ 4000 /
12.18.204. GDRILPOT
1593
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.205 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WDRILRES x tNavigator
E300
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x E100
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword prevents from drilling two wells in one grid block. If this keyword is specified the the well from drilling queue (or on automatic opening – AUTO in WCONPROD (see 12.18.34)) will not be open if it goes through the grid block where there is a well that is already open. Drilling queue is specified via the keywords QDRILL (see 12.18.203), WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201), the section Prioritized drilling queue. Sequential drilling queue – 2.19.12). In this case the well will be removed from drilling queue or automatic opening queue. This keyword doesn’t prevent if a new well is opened manually via the keyword WELOPEN (see 12.18.107). The keyword doesn’t have any parameters.
12.18.205. WDRILRES
1594
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.206
tNavigator-4.2
WORKLIM
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the time taken for well automatic workover days. The data should be terminated with a slash /. So there is a limit on the number of workovers that can be done by one workover rig at time step. Workovers can be performed in case of instructions in the keywords WECON (see 12.18.62), CECON (see 12.18.67), GECON (see 12.18.102), GCONPROD (see 12.18.72), GCONPRI (see 12.18.75), GCONSALE (see 12.18.168), PRORDER (see 12.18.212) e` WORKTHP (see 12.18.71). Priority when several workovers need to be done at one time: 1. workovers that occur when a well cannot produce at its THP limit; 2. workovers that occur because of connection economic limit violations; 3. workovers that occur because of well economic limit violations; 4. workovers that occur because of group economic limit violations; 5. workovers that occur because of group flow limit violations; 6. workovers that occur because of field economic limit violations; 7. workovers that occur because of field flow limit violations. Default: time taken to do well automatic workover – 0 days. Example WORKLIM 7 /
12.18.206. WORKLIM
1595
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.207 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
GRUPRIG x tNavigator x E100
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x E300
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword assigns workover and drilling rigs to well groups. A rig, assigned to a high-level group can be used by all wells in subordinate groups. Several groups can share the same rig. A workover rig.
An automatic workover takes a time that is specified in the keyword WORKLIM (see 12.18.206). One rig is assigned for one well during the time of automatic workover and is unavailable for other wells. If the well needs automatic workover and all rigs that can be assigned to it are occupied until the end of the timestep then it’s workover is postponed.
Workovers contains automatic closure and opening of well connections, according to WECON (see 12.18.62), GECON (see 12.18.102), CECON (see 12.18.67), GCONPROD (see 12.18.72), GCONPRI (see 12.18.75), PRORDER (see 12.18.212), WORKTHP (see 12.18.71).
Manual closure and opening of connections (COMPDAT (see 12.18.6)) don’t depend of rig availability and don’t occupy any rig.
A drilling rig.
A drilling of a well takes a time that is specified in the keyword WDRILTIM (see 12.18.202). One rig is assigned for one well during the time of drilling and is unavailable for other wells. If the well needs to be drilled and all rigs that can be assigned to it are occupied until the end of the timestep then it’s drilling is postponed.
The drilling processes controlled by rig availability are: drilling queue (QDRILL (see 12.18.203), WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201)), wells on automatic opening (parameter 2 of the keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34) is AUTO) or if there are wells that are opened on the closure of another well (parameter 8 of the keyword WECON (see 12.18.62)).
Manual well opening doesn’t depend of drilling rig availability and doesn’t occupy any rig.
Any number of data rows could be entered (terminated with a slash /). All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data row consists of the following parameters:
12.18.207. GRUPRIG
1596
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
1. group name or group name root or FIELD; 2. workover rig number (integer number from -2 to 99):
number from 1 to 99. A workover rig number that is added to the group (or removed from the group) (according to parameter 4 of this keyword);
number 0. Don’t make any changes to existing group’s rigs;
number -1. A workover rig with this number prevents workovers on any well subordinate to the group, regardless of the availability of other rigs;
number -2. All workover rigs, assigned to this group, will be removed.
3. drilling rig number (integer number from -2 to 99):
number from 1 to 99. A drilling rig number that is added to the group (or removed from the group) (according to parameter 4 of this keyword);
number 0. Don’t make any changes to existing group’s rigs;
number -1. A drilling rig with this number prevents any well subordinate to the group to be drilled, regardless of the availability of other rigs;
number -2. All drilling rigs, assigned to this group, will be removed.
4. add or remove specified rigs: ADD – add these rigs to group, REM – delete these rigs from group. Default:
workover rig number: 0;
drilling rig number: 0;
add or remove specified rigs: ADD.
Example GRUPRIG GROUP1 1 1 ADD / GROUP2 2 2 ADD / GROUP3 2 2 ADD / FIELD 3 1 ADD / /
12.18.207. GRUPRIG
1597
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.208
tNavigator-4.2
NUPCOL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
x E300
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x E100
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies the number of Newton iterations (non-linear iterations) for a time step, for which well targets will be updated (for wells working under group control or with limits on the amount of pressure drop). At next non-linear iterations at the time step the well targets will stay unchanged. One integer number should be specified. The data should be terminated with a slash /. In case of group control the value of well production rates and injection rates are dependent on each other and on other reservoir wells. Wells targets are updated only for the number of iterations specified via this keyword. Group and field flow targets will be exactly met, if the convergence of Newton’s method for the time step is reached in NUPCOL iterations. Default: 3.
Example NUPCOL 5 /
12.18.208. NUPCOL
1598
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.209 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WELLOPTS x tNavigator
x E300
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E100
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword is a full analogue of the keyword NUPCOL (see 12.18.208).
12.18.209. WELLOPTS
1599
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.210 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GCONTOL x tNavigator x E100
x E300
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword will override the value of NUPCOL (see 12.18.208), specified earlier. (NUPCOL (see 12.18.208) – This keyword specifies the number of Newton iterations (non-linear iterations) for a time step, for which well targets will be updated (for wells working under group control or with limits on the amount of pressure drop). At next non-linear iterations at the time step the well targets will stay unchanged.) The following parameters should be specified (The data should be terminated with a slash /.): 1. IGNORED, this is an Eclipse compatibility field; 2. the number of Newton iterations (non-linear iterations) for a time step, for which well targets will be updated. This value will override NUPCOL (see 12.18.208) or previously defined GCONTOL. Example GCONTOL * 4 /
12.18.210. GCONTOL
1600
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.211 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WLIFT x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies an automatic retubing and THP or lift switching. Retubing, THP or lift switching are performed in the following cases:
well’s production rate falls below the value specified in parameter 2,
well’s water cut exceeds the value specified in parameter 7,
well’s gas-liquid ratio exceeds the value specified in parameter 9,
the well dies under THP control.
Operations that are performed:
if a new THP limit is specified (parameter 8), the well switches on it (this is analog to the switching the well to a separator with lower pressure to increase well’s productivity). If parameter 11 specifies a decrement, then THP switching is performed in stages: each time THP is reduced by the specified decrement until the final THP value is reached (final value is specified in parameter 8).
if in parameter 4 a VFP table number is specified, the well switches to this table (this is analog to the retubing operation, if the new table has been calculated with a different tubing diameter from the original table).
if an artificial lift quantity is specified in parameter 5, then the well will use it to interpolate the VFP table (this is analog to the switching on or updating of artificial lift in the well). If parameter 10 is specified, then each time ALQ will be increased by the specified increment (ALQ switching is performed in stages). A new efficiency factor can be specified in parameter 6.
Multi-stage process (non zero values of parameters 4, 5, 8 are specified): Operations are performed if well production rate, water cut or gas-liquid ratio violates it’s limit (parameters 2, 7, 9). Operations order:
switching to lower THP limit;
switching to new VFP table;
switching to new artificial lift quantity.
12.18.211. WLIFT
1601
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Any number of data rows could be entered (terminated with a slash /). All data should be terminated with a final slash /. One data row consists of the following parameters: 1. well name or well list, specified via WLIST (see 12.18.26); 2. well production rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day), below which the switching operations are performed. Negative or zero value: switching operation is not performed in case of low production rate. Default value can be used if the switching operations are performed only by the group production rules (PRORDER (see 12.18.212)) or if the well dies under THP control. 3. phase to which the production rate is specified in parameter 2: OIL or LIQUID; 4. new VFP table number for retubing (this number replaces the number, specified in WCONPROD (see 12.18.34)). Negative or zero value: retubing operation is not performed; 5. new artificial lift quantity for lift switching (this number replaces the number, specified in WCONPROD (see 12.18.34) WELTARG (see 12.18.51)). To perform lift switching in stages the increment value should be specified in parameter 10. Negative or zero value: lift switching operation is not performed; 6. new well efficiency factor after lift switching (this number replaces the number, specified in WEFAC (see 12.18.69). Negative or zero value: original value of well efficiency factor stays unchanged; 7. well’s water cut limit (METRIC: sm3 /sm3 , FIELD: stb/stb), above which the switching operations are performed. Negative or zero value: switching operation is not performed in case of high water cut. Default value can be used if the switching operations are performed only by the group production rules (PRORDER (see 12.18.212)) or if the well dies under THP control. 8. new THP limit (this number replaces the number, specified in WCONPROD (see 12.18.34) or WELTARG (see 12.18.51)). To perform THP switching in stages the decrement value should be specified in parameter 11. Negative or zero value: switching operation is not performed; 9. well’s gas-liquid ratio (METRIC: sm3 /sm3 , FIELD: Msc f /stb), above which the switching operations are performed. Negative or zero value: switching operation is not performed in case of high gas-liquid ratio. Default value can be used if the switching operations are performed only by the group production rules (PRORDER (see 12.18.212)) or if the well dies under THP control.
12.18.211. WLIFT
1602
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
10. increment that will be added to (or subtracted from) the well’s ALQ value at each lift switching event until the final ALQ value (specified in parameter 5) will be reached; 11. decrement (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia), that will be subtracted from the well’s THP value at each THP switching event, until the final THP value (specified in parameter 8) will be reached. Default:
well production rate – 0;
phase to which the production rate is specified in parameter 2: OIL;
new VFP table number for retubing – 0;
new artificial lift quantity for lift switching – 0;
new well efficiency factor after lift switching – 0;
well’s water cut limit – 0;
new THP limit – 0;
well’s gas-liquid ratio – 0;
increment that will be added to (or subtracted from) the well’s ALQ value at each lift switching;
decrement that will be subtracted from the well’s THP value at each THP switching event.
Example WLIFT WLIST1 40 OIL 2 4 / / In this example for all wells from the well list WLIST1: if oil production rate falls below 40 sm3 /day a new VFP table number 2 is specified and a new ALQ value – 4.
12.18.211. WLIFT
1603
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.212 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
PRORDER x tNavigator
E300
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x E100
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the order of actions to be performed is a group can’t meet it’s production rate target specified in GCONPROD (see 12.18.72). The data should be terminated with a slash /. Actions will be performed in the order in which they are specified. Next action is performed if no actions of previous type can be performed any more. Possible actions:
DRILL – open new wells from the drilling queue. The drilling queue should be specified: Sequential – (QDRILL (see 12.18.203)) or Prioritized – WDRILPRI (see 12.18.201). Time of drilling one well is specified in WDRILTIM (see 12.18.202), drilling rigs – GRUPRIG (see 12.18.207).
REPERF – open new connections on AUTO mode in existing wells. Wells connections should stay on automatic opening (parameter 6 of the keyword COMPDAT (see 12.18.6) or the keyword WELOPEN (see 12.18.107)). Time of well’s workover is specified in WORKLIM (see 12.18.206), workover rigs – GRUPRIG (see 12.18.207).
THP – reduce each well’s THP limit to a specified lower value. If a new THP limit is specified (parameter 8 of WLIFT (see 12.18.211)), the well switches on it (this is analog to the switching the well to a separator with lower pressure to increase well’s productivity). If parameter 11 of WLIFT (see 12.18.211) specifies a decrement, then THP switching is performed in stages: each time THP is reduced by the specified decrement until the final THP value is reached (final value is specified in parameter 8).
RETUBE – change VFP table numbers. If in parameter 4 of WLIFT (see 12.18.211) a VFP table number is specified, the well switches to this table (this is analog to the retubing operation, if the new table has been calculated with a different tubing diameter from the original table).
LIFT – change ALQ values. If an artificial lift quantity is specified in parameter 5 of WLIFT (see 12.18.211), then the well will use it to interpolate the VFP table (this is analog to the switching on or updating of artificial lift in the well). If parameter 10 of WLIFT (see 12.18.211)
12.18.212. PRORDER
1604
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
is specified, then each time ALQ will be increased by the specified increment (ALQ switching is performed in stages). A new efficiency factor can be specified in parameter 6 of WLIFT (see 12.18.211). Restrictions on the total amount of group’s lift can be specified via GLIFTLIM (see 12.18.214). If no parameter of this keyword are specified (the keyword is terminated by a slash /), then no operations will be performed in case if the group can’t meet it’s production rate target. Example PRORDER DRILL RETUBE /
12.18.212. PRORDER
1605
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.213 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
LIFTOPT x tNavigator
E300
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets that Gas Lift Optimization option is used – 2.19.8. The keyword should be specified before GLIFTOPT (see 12.18.215), WLIFTOPT (see 12.18.216). The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. increment size for lift gas injection rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). The Lift gas is allocated to wells in whole numbers of increment. Gas lift optimization is turned off if 0 or negative value is specified in this parameter; 2. minimum economic gradient of improvement in oil production rate for increase in lift gas injection rate by one (METRIC: m3 /sm3 , FIELD: stb/Msc f ). For each well the value Winc (weighted incremental gradient) is calculated – the increment of field oil production rate (due to increment in the gas lift at one increment value) multiplied by well’s weighting factor and divided by value of increment in the gas lift. If the result value is less than the minimum economic gradient, then the next lift gas increment is not allocated to this well; 3. minimum interval between gas lift optimizations (days). Gas lift optimization is made at each time step which starts after the end of this minimum interval time from previous optimization; 4. should tNavigator optimize gas lift during each of the first NUPCOL (see 12.18.208) iterations of the time step: tNavigator supports only YES (the value of NUPCOL can be also redefined via GCONTOL (see 12.18.210)). Default:
minimum interval between gas lift optimizations – 0 (days);
should tNavigator optimize gas lift during each of the first NUPCOL (see 12.18.208) iterations of the time step: YES.
Example LIFTOPT 35000 0.0 50.0 /
12.18.213. LIFTOPT
1606
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.214 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GLIFTLIM x tNavigator
E300
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PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies the maximum group capacity for artificial lift – 2.19.8. Any number of data rows could be entered (terminated with a slash /). All data should be terminated with a final slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. group name or group name root or FIELD; 2. maximum total lift capacity. This value is a limit of the sum of the artificial lift quantity (ALQ) values of all subordinate open producer wells multiplied by their efficiency factors. The value will limit the total pump power that can be applied in the group (in case when ALQ refers to the pump power), or this value will limit the group’s total lift gas injection rate (in case when ALQ refers to the lift gas injection rate); 3. maximum number of wells on artificial lift. Example GLIFTLIM GROUP1 520.0 / /
12.18.214. GLIFTLIM
1607
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.215 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GLIFTOPT x tNavigator
E300
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies the group lift gas limits for gas lift optimization option – 2.19.8. Any number of data rows could be entered (terminated with a slash /). All data should be terminated with a final slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. group name or group name root or FIELD; 2. maximum lift gas supply limit for the group (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). The group’s lift gas supply is equal to the sum of the lift gas injection rates of its wells or groups, multiplied by their efficiency factors (for wells – WEFAC (see 12.18.69), for groups – GEFAC (see 12.18.70)); 3. maximum total gas rate for the group (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). The group’s total gas rate is equal to the sum of the lift gas plus the gas produced from the formation for its well or group, multiplied by the well’s or group’s efficiency factor (for wells – WEFAC (see 12.18.69), for groups – GEFAC (see 12.18.70)). The wells below this group are not assigned a lift gas increments if they would cause this limit to be exceeded. Example GLIFTOPT GROUP1 100000 / GROUP2 90000 / /
12.18.215. GLIFTOPT
1608
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.216 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WLIFTOPT x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets well parameters for Gas lift optimization – 2.19.8. Any number of data rows could be entered (terminated with a slash /). All data should be terminated with a final slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name, or number, or well list (WLIST (see 12.18.26)); 2. should tNavigator calculate the well’s lift gas injection rate with optimization: YES or NO – in this case the well’s lift gas injection rate is equal to the value that can be set in 3-rd parameter of this keyword, 12-th parameter of WCONPROD (see 12.18.34) or WELTARG (see 12.18.51); 3. maximum rate of lift gas injection for the well (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). If the 2-nd parameter of this keyword is NO, then this parameter specifies the fixed lift gas injection rate for the well; 4. well weighting factor for preferential allocation of lift gas fw ; An increment of lift gas supply is allocated to the well that has the largest value of Winc . (For each well the value Winc (weighted incremental gradient) is calculated – the increment of field oil production rate (due to increment in the gas lift at one increment value) multiplied by well’s weighting factor and divided by value of increment in the gas lift. If the result value is less than the minimum economic gradient, then the next lift gas increment is not allocated to this well. Formula of Winc (formula is different if the 6-th parameter of this keyword is specified, see below): fw ∗ ∆TO Winc = GLinc where: fw – well’s weighting factor (this parameter of the keyword); ∆TO – increment (or decrement) in field oil production rate; GLinc – increment (or decrement) in the gas lift.
12.18.216. WLIFTOPT
1609
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
5. minimum rate of lift gas injection for the well (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). A positive value: the well is allocated at least that amount of lift gas (except for the case when the well can already meet one of its rate limits before receiving its minimum lift gas rate). A negative value: the well is allocated at least enough lift gas to enable it to flow (but less than maximum value specified in 3-rd parameter). Not enough lift gas available to satisfy all the wells’ minimum requirements: the wells are allocated their minimum requirements in decreasing order of their weighting factors (parameter 4). 6. fG – gas rate weighting factor. If this parameter is specified then the formula for Winc is the following: Winc =
fw ∗ ∆TO GLinc + fG ∗ ∆TG
where: fG – gas production rate weighting factor (this parameter of the keyword); ∆TG – increment (or decrement) in field gas production rate. 7. allocate additional lift gas when a group gas target has been achieved but the oil rate limit has not been reached: YES – the well can receive next lift gas, NO – the well can’t receive next lift gas. If YES, then for a group on gas target control the constraint for additional gas lift allocation is removed that provides a possibility of gas lift optimization to increase the oil rate. Default:
maximum rate of lift gas injection for the well: if 2-nd parameter is YES, then – the largest ALQ in well’s VFP table; if 2-nd parameter is NO, then – stays unchanged;
well weighting factor for preferential allocation of lift gas – 1;
minimum rate of lift gas injection for the well – 0;
gas rate weighting factor – 0;
allocate additional lift gas when a group gas target has been achieved but the oil rate limit has not been reached: NO.
Example WLIFTOPT W34 YES 100000 1.01 1* 1.0 YES / /
12.18.216. WLIFTOPT
1610
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.217 Data format
OPTIONS x tNavigator
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
x RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
REGIONS
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword activates special option of model reading, calculation and saving results. The data should be terminated with a slash /. tNavigator supports only 31-st, 47-th, 48-th and 117-th parameters of this keyword. All other parameters are ignored (tNavigator reads them but they doesn’t change model calculation – Eclipse data format compatibility). Description of supported parameters:
31. If the value is greater than 0, this parameter is converted into tNavigator keyword RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119) – parameter PAVWEIGHT. Parameter PAVWEIGHT of RUNCTRL (see 12.18.119) works the following way. In the case that the value of this parameter is even (or not specified) - average field pressure is the hydrocarbon pore volume weighted average. Odd value - average field pressure is the pore volume weighted average. Default average field pressure (the hydrocarbon pore volume weighted average): PRESSURE =
∑ Porvhc ∗ pO ∑ Porvhc
Porvhc = Porv(1 − Sw ) – hydrocarbon pore volume; Porv – block pore volume; pO – oil phase pressure. Average field pressure is the pore volume weighted average (odd value of parameter): PRESSURE =
∑ Porv ∗ pO ∑ Porv
Field oil potential (FPPO in section SUMMARY (see 12.17.1)) is specified one of the following ways: – default
∑ POTO ∗ SO ∗ Porv ∑ SO ∗ Porv – oil saturation;
FPPO = where POTO – oil potential, SO 12.18.217. OPTIONS
1611
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
– in the case that the value of this parameter is even FPPO =
∑ POTO ∗ Porv ∑ Porv
Oil potential of a block calculations (oil potential – oil phase pressure, corrected to a datum depth): POTO = pO − ρO g(D − Ddat ) where: – ρO – oil average density in PVT region; – g – gravity acceleration; – D – block depth; – Ddat – reference depth. Reference depth can be specified via the keyword DATUM (see 12.15.34) or it can be taken from the 1-st equilibration region reference depth, specified via EQUIL (see 12.15.2). If keywords DATUM (see 12.15.34), EQUIL (see 12.15.2) are not specified, then reference depth is set to zero. One can specify reference depth different for different fluid-in-place (FIP) regions via the keyword DATUMR (see 12.15.35).
46. This parameter controls MINPV (see 12.2.30) or MINPVV (see 12.2.32) values inheriting (copying) on LGR, when at least one of them is defined in global grid, but not in local. If value 1 is set, then the threshold pore volumes are not copied from global host cells; if value is omitted or it equals to 0, then: – if MINPV (see 12.2.30) and MINPVV (see 12.2.32) are specified both, but MINPV (see 12.2.30) is first, then values for blocks specified in the array erase MINPV (see 12.2.30) values. So, MINPV (see 12.2.30) value is used only for blocks unspecified in MINPVV (see 12.2.32) array; – otherwise, MINPV (see 12.2.30) erases all MINPVV (see 12.2.32) values. If in the current grid only MINPVV (see 12.2.32) is used, then: – MINPVV (see 12.2.32) is set for each grid block; – otherwise, volume limit for parent grid calculated by rule above is used. This limit is applied to blocks for which MINPVV (see 12.2.32) of current grid is not set. If limits in current grid are not set, then limits of parent grid are used.
47. This parameter prevents (if > 0) perforation pressures fall below atmospheric pressure.
12.18.217. OPTIONS
1612
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
48. If this parameter value is greater than 0 in a model with dual porosity single permeability option: then if any fracture blocks are made inactive because the fracture blocks pore volumes fall below the value MINPV (see 12.2.30) or MINPVV (see 12.2.32), the corresponding matrix blocks will be inactivated too. If this parameter value is greater than 1: then any active matrix blocks with a corresponding inactive fracture blocks will be made inactive.
117. This parameter affects dual porosity and dual permeability values using the keywords MULTNUM (see 12.4.23), FLUXNUM (see 12.4.18), PINCHNUM (see 12.2.57) or OPERNUM (see 12.4.22). If this parameter value is 1, then regions specified via the keyword MULTNUM (see 12.4.23) must be specified separately for matrix and fracture. If this parameter value is 2 or greater, then regions specified by all of these keywords must be specified separately for matrix and fracture.
Example OPTIONS 30* 1 / / In this example average field pressure is the pore volume weighted average. Example OPTIONS 30* 0 / / In this example average field pressure is the hydrocarbon pore volume weighted average.
12.18.217. OPTIONS
1613
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.218 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
RECU x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword provides hybrid model loading: model in ECLIPSE format, well data in MORE format. The keyword SCHEDULE shouldn’t be used in this case (sharing SCHEDULE and RECU will lead to errors). In the example below there is data in ECLIPSE format first, then there is the keyword RECU and then data in MORE format.
12.18.218. RECU
1614
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Example SOLUTION EQUIL 2515 350 2530 0 2500 0 1 0 0 / / SUMMARY / RECU GENE PRES FLIP REST CMPL WELL GROUP FIELD WLAY GLAY AQUI RTEM CPLY STORE ESUM EQUA MONTHS WELLS FIELD STATS 1 / ESOL MONTHS EQUA 1 / RATE 1 MON FIELD GROUP WELL CRATE EXACT– SLIM LRATE FREQ 0 1 1 / ARRAY 1 JAN 1 FEB 1 MAR 1 APR 1 MAY 1 JUN 1 JUL 1 AUG 1 SEP 1 OCT 1 NOV 1 DEC /
DATE END 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995
welltrack '107R' 1050 1050 2500.0 2500.000 ...
12.18.218. RECU
1615
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.219 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
USERFILE x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword allows to include files in user specified order. It can be used for example in hybrid models when there is data in MORE and Eclipse format in the same time and it is necessary to define the order in which tNavigator must read it. There is an example in the section 11.3. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue INCLUDE (see 12.1.73).
12.18.219. USERFILE
1616
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.220
tNavigator-4.2
COMPVAL
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets length of perforated interval in specified block. To set this in local grid refinement use the keyword COMPVALL (see 12.18.221)˙ The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name; 2. X -coordinate of well connection; 3. Y -coordinate of well connection; 4. Z -coordinate of upper neighbor block for well connection; 5. Z -coordinate of lower neighbor block for well connection; 6. type of 7-th parameter:
LENGTH;
7. length of perforated interval (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ). Each line should be ended by symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
X -coordinate of well connection: 0 (any value);
Y -coordinate of well connection: 0 (any value);
Z -coordinate of upper neighbor block for well connection: 0 (any value);
Z -coordinate of lower neighbor block for well connection: 0 (any value);
Example COMPVAL 'NO_HTWI' 'NO_HTWI' 'NO_HTWI' 'NO_HTWI' /
3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
LENGTH LENGTH LENGTH LENGTH
3.048 3.048 3.048 3.048
/ / / /
In the example for well ’NO_HTWI’ lengths of four perforated intervals in four consecutive blocks are set. Length of each perforated interval is equal to 3.048 ft.
12.18.220. COMPVAL
1617
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.221
tNavigator-4.2
COMPVALL
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets length of perforated interval in specified block. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name; 2. name of the local grid refinement where this well is (LGRs name is set via CARFIN (see 12.2.87)); 3. X -coordinate of well connection; 4. Y -coordinate of well connection; 5. Z -coordinate of upper neighbor block for well connection; 6. Z -coordinate of lower neighbor block for well connection; 7. type of 7-th parameter:
LENGTH;
8. length of perforated interval (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ). Each line should be ended by symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
X -coordinate of well connection: 0 (any value);
Y -coordinate of well connection: 0 (any value);
Z -coordinate of upper neighbor block for well connection: 0 (any value);
Z -coordinate of lower neighbor block for well connection: 0 (any value);
Example COMPVALL 'NO_HTWI' 'NO_HTWI' 'NO_HTWI' 'NO_HTWI' /
LGR1' LGR1' 'LGR1' 'LGR1' ' '
3 3 3 3
12.18.221. COMPVALL
3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
LENGTH LENGTH LENGTH LENGTH
3.048 3.048 3.048 3.048
/ / / /
1618
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
In the example for well NO_HTWI (that is in the LGR1) lengths of four perforated intervals in four consecutive blocks are set. Length of each perforated interval is equal to 3.048 ft.
12.18.221. COMPVALL
1619
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.222
tNavigator-4.2
WNETDP
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword is should be used only with the option NETWORK (2.19.10). It sets fixed pressure drop value between a well’s tubing head pressure and its group’s corresponding node in the network. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name, name mask or well list; 2. fixed pressure drop value between a well’s tubing head pressure and its group’s corresponding node in the network (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). Each line should be ended by /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
fixed pressure drop value: 0.
Example WNETDP '28' 5.0 / '29' 2.0 / '30' 5.0 / / In the example fixed pressure drop values are specified for 3 wells.
12.18.222. WNETDP
1620
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.223 Data format
WELLPROD x tNavigator x E100
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets the production targets for a well. The keyword is obsolete. It is recommended to use the keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name, well name mask or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. well control mode:
OIL – oil rate;
WAT – water rate;
GAS – gas rate;
LIQ – liquid rate;
BHP – bottom hole pressure;
THP – tubing head pressure;
RV – rate value in reservoir conditions;
WG – wet gas rate;
TM – total molar rate;
ST – steam production (using with thermal option only);
SATP – water saturation pressure (see parameter 15; only for models with THERMAL (see 12.1.50) option);
SATT – water saturation temperature (see parameter 16; only for models with THERMAL (see 12.1.50) option);
GROUP – specifies that the well is under group control.
3. oil rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day); 4. water rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day); 5. gas rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day); 6. liquid rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day);
12.18.223. WELLPROD
1621
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
7. BHP value or limit (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia); 8. THP value or limit (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia). A zero value will prevent the well switching to THP control, whatever the value of its calculated THP (VFP table number should be specified in next parameter of this keyword); 9. liquid rate in reservoir conditions (METRIC: rm3 /day, FIELD: rb/day); 10. wet gas rate or limit (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: /day); 11. well VFP table number (VFPPROD (see 12.18.57), VFPCORR (see 12.18.61)); if zero, THP will not be reported. 12. artificial lift quantity (ALQ), that will be used in THP calculations (see the keyword VFPPROD (see 12.18.57)); 13. the target or limit total molar rate (METRIC: kg − M/day, FIELD: lb − M/day); 14. The target or limit steam rate, (CWE – Cold Water Equivalent). (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day). Available only with the Thermal option THERMAL (see 12.1.50). Rate can be set by UDQ (see 12.18.138). 15. pressure offset ∆P for water saturation pressure control (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psia). This parameter can be used only in THERMAL (see 12.1.50) runs. Can be specified by user via UDQ (see 12.18.138). The constraint for BHP is BHP ≥ Psat + ∆P, where Psat is maximum saturated water pressure in all blocks with prodicing connections; 16. temperature offset ∆T for water saturation temperature control (METRIC: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ). This parameter can be used only in THERMAL (see 12.1.50) runs. Can be specified by user via UDQ (see 12.18.138). The constraint for BHP is BHP ≥ Psat (T + ∆T ), where T is maximum temperature in all blocks with prodicing connections; Each line of data should be ended by /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
rate limit: 1e + 20 m3 /day;
BHP limit: for E100 format models – 1atma = patm (atmosphere pressure), for E300 format models – 100 atma = 1470 psia;
THP value or limit: 0;
well VFP table number: 0;
artificial lift quantity: 0.
12.18.223. WELLPROD
1622
12.18. Schedule section
Example WELLPROD 'HAIL-3' 'GROUP' /
tNavigator-4.2
2* 20000 1* 2000 6* /
In the example well ’HAIL-3’ is controlled by a group. Limit on gas rate is 20000 Msc f /day. Limit on BHP value is 2000 psia. Values of other parameters are set by default.
12.18.223. WELLPROD
1623
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.224
tNavigator-4.2
GRUPPROD
Data format
x tNavigator
x E300
x E100
Section
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword specifies the production targets and limits for a group. The keyword is obsolete. It is recommended to use the keyword GCONPROD (see 12.18.72). The following parameters should be specified: 1. group name (or group name mask, i.e. name ending with asterisk), or FIELD (for field control), 2. control mode:
NONE – no immediate control;
LIQ – liquid volume rate;
OIL – oil volume rate;
WAT – water volume rate;
GAS – gas volume rate;
RV – reservoir volume rate;
WGV – wet gas volume rate;
GR – group is immediately under control from a higher level group.
3. oil rate (or limit) (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day); 4. water rate (or limit) (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day); 5. gas rate (or limit) (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day); 6. liquid rate on the surface (or limit) (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day); 7. reservoir fluid volume production rate (or limit) (METRIC: rm3 /day, FIELD: rb/day). 8. wet gas production rate target (or limit) (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day). Each line of data should be ended by /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
12.18.224. GRUPPROD
1624
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
group name: default group (group of wells with default group in WELSPECS (see 12.18.3));
control mode: NONE;
rates: no rate or limit.
Example GRUPPROD 'GC' 'GAS' /
2* 200000 3* /
In the example well group ’GC’ is on the gas rate control. Limit on gas rate value is 200000 Msc f /day. There are no limits on other rates.
12.18.224. GRUPPROD
1625
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.225 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
WELLCOMP x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets location and properties of one or several connections of specified well. It should be used after the keyword WELSPECS (see 12.18.3), which defines that well. The keyword is obsolete. It is recommended to use the keyword COMPDAT (see 12.18.6). Each line of data should be ended by a symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name, well name mask or well list WLIST (see 12.18.26), 2. perforated interval coordinate in X direction (IW); there is i in 5.7.1, 3. perforated interval coordinate in Y direction (JW); there is j in 5.7.1, 4. number of layer where this vertical perforated interval starts (layers are numbered top-down starting from 1); this is number k in 5.7.1, 5. number of layer where this vertical perforated interval ends, this is number k in 5.7.1, 6. saturation table number, 7. well diameter (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 8. transmissibility factor (METRIC: cP − rm3 /day − bar , FIELD: cP − rb/day − psi) for each connection in this interval (if it is specified, well diameter, skin and KH are ignored), this is coefficient T (t) in 5.7.1, 9. skin factor, this is value s in 5.7.2, 10. imbibition table number, IGNORED, this is an Eclipse compatibility field; 11. effective KH (METRIC: mD-m, FIELD: mD- f t ) (production of permeability and thickness) for each connection in this interval, (see 5.7.2), 12. direction in which this interval penetrates grid block: X, Y or Z. This keyword may be defined several times at any time step for the same well for different connections. Perforated intervals for the same well may be spaced (may not form a continuous interval) and have different orientation in space. Default:
12.18.225. WELLCOMP
1626
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
perforated interval coordinate in X direction (IW): taken from 12.18.3,
perforated interval coordinate in Y direction (JW): taken from 12.18.3,
starting block of vertical perforated interval: 1,
ending block of vertical perforated interval: 1,
saturation table number: tNavigator will use the saturation table number that is specified for block with connection via SATNUM (see 12.4.3);
well diameter: dw = 0.156 m,
transmissibility factor: calculated,
skin factor: s = 0,
KH value: negative,
well orientation in space: Z,
Example WELLCOMP 'HAIL-3' 33 44 8 8 1* 0.5 1* -3 2* 'Z'/ / In the example well ’HAIL-3’ is perforated at block (33, 44, 8). Number of saturation table is taken from parameters of the keyword SATNUM (see 12.4.3), well diameter is 0.5 f t , transmissibility factor is calculated, skin factor is −3, KH is negative, well orientation is ’Z’.
12.18.225. WELLCOMP
1627
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.226
tNavigator-4.2
TRANGE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
x E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies minimal and maximal temperature of formation. The values can be changed during calculation. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. minimal formation temperature (METRIC: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ); 2. maximal formation temperature (METRIC: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ). By default:
minimal formation temperature: 1 ◦C ;
maximal formation temperature: 500 ◦C ;
Example TRANGE 50 250
12.18.226. TRANGE
1628
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.227 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
SCDPTAB x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword defines total rate of scale deposition per unit flow rate of water into a well connection dependence of the fraction of sea water present in the water flowing through this connection via table. Section Scale deposition model – 2.27. The sea water fraction is equated to the concentration of a passive water tracer which is noted in keyword SCDPTRAC (see 12.18.228). Tables which defined via SCDPTAB are allocated to individual wells with the keyword WSCTAB (see 12.18.230). The effect of the deposited scale on the productivity index of the well should be defined in scale damage tables (keyword SCDATAB (see 12.18.229)). The number of tables is set via the keyword SCDPDIMS (see 12.1.108). Each table should be ended by a symbol /. Table should contain the following columns: 1. the fraction of sea water in the water flowing into a well connection. Values should be increasing from line to line; 2. the corresponding total rate of scale deposition per unit flow rate of water through the connection (METRIC: gm/m3 , FIELD: lb/ f t 3 ). Example SCDPTAB 0 0 0.1 0.1 1 10 / In the example the keyword SCDPTAB (see 12.18.227) sets one dependence table. The left column contains sea water concentration values, the right one – values of total rate of scale deposition.
12.18.227. SCDPTAB
1629
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.228
tNavigator-4.2
SCDPTRAC
Data format
x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
MORE
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STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
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SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword is used to note the tracer whose concentration represents the fraction of sea water present in the water flowing into a well (Section Scale deposition model – 2.27). This tracer is used to calculate the current amount of scale deposited around well connections. The tracer must be already defined as a water phase tracer (the keyword TRACER (see 12.7.1)) with water injectors given a tracer value of 1.0 (keyword WTRACER (see 12.18.148)), while the tracer value of the water initially in the reservoir is set to 0.0. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. tracer name. Example SCDPTRAC AAA / In the example the keyword SCDPTRAC (see 12.18.228) notes tracer name ”AAA”.
12.18.228. SCDPTRAC
1630
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.229 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
SCDATAB x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
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SOLUTION
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GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword is used to set the reduction coefficient for the productivity index of each connection in a well dependence of the current amount of scale deposited per unit length of perforated interval as a table. Section Scale deposition model – 2.27. Parameters of this keyword are tables which number is set via the keyword SCDPDIMS (see 12.1.108). The data should be terminated with a slash /. Each table should contain the following columns: 1. the current amount of scale deposited per unit length of perforated interval in a well connection. (METRIC: gm/m, FIELD: lb/ f t ). Values must be increasing; 2. the corresponding reduction factor for the productivity index of the connection. Initial productivity index is multiplied by this value. Example SCDATAB 0 1 36051.3058209 0.1 / In the example one table of reduction coefficients for the productivity index of connections is specified. In the first column values of scale deposited per unit length of perforated interval in a well connection are set. in the second one – reduction coefficients.
12.18.229. SCDATAB
1631
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.230
tNavigator-4.2
WSCTAB
Data format Section
x tNavigator x E100
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword may be used to assign scale deposition (the keyword SCDPTAB (see 12.18.227)) and scale damage (the keyword SCDATAB (see 12.18.229)) tables to individual wells. Section Scale deposition model – Scale deposition model. Each line of the parameters should be ended by a symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name, well name template and symbol * (i.e. a mask) or well list (the keyword WLIST (see 12.18.26)); 2. scale deposition table number; 3. scale damage table number. Default:
scale deposition table number: 0. A value which is less or equal to 0 means that no scale deposition table will be assigned to that well. So, there is no scale is deposited around its connections.
scale damage table number: 0. A value which is less or equal to 0 means that no scale damage table is assigned to that well. So, there is the well performance has no influence from the currently deposited scale.
Example WSCTAB WA-1 1 1 / WA-2 1 1 / WA-3 1 1 / / In the example the keyword WSCTAB (see 12.18.230) assigns scale deposition and scale damage tables to three wells (WA-1, WA-2, WA-3). In each case table z´ 1 is assigned.
12.18.230. WSCTAB
1632
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.231
tNavigator-4.2
WSEGCNTL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword is used to specify settings of precision of equations system solution manually. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name; 2. residual value which leads to exit of Newton’s iterations; 3. variation of main variables which leads to exit of Newton’s iterations; 4. weight; 5. minimal variation from pressure in perforation which is used as initial approximation. Default:
residual value which leads to exit of Newton’s iterations: 1e-3;
variation of main variables which leads to exit of Newton’s iterations: 1e-3;
weight: 0.5;
minimal variation from pressure in perforation which is used as initial approximation: 1.
Example WSEGCNTL W9 1e-1 100 1 0.3 / In the example settings of precision of equations system solution are specified for well W9.
12.18.231. WSEGCNTL
1633
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.232
tNavigator-4.2
PSEUPRES
Data format Section
x tNavigator
x E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keywords activates option of Generalized Pseudo-pressure (GPP) for all wells inflow calculations. This keyword should be specified before any keyword which uses well operations or timesteps. Additional parameters for this option should be specified via PICOND (see 12.18.187) keyword. Example PSEUPRES
12.18.232. PSEUPRES
1634
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.233
tNavigator-4.2
GWRATMUL
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword specifies group name, name of well, which enters into this group, and a coefficient with which well enters into this group. This way only part of well rate can be assigned to group rate. So, well rate can be divided into several groups. The following parameters should be specified: 1. group name; 2. name of well from specified group; 3. coefficient with which specified well enters into this group. This coefficient should belong to interval from 0 to 1. Several data lines can be specified. Each line should be ended by a symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Example GWRATMUL G1 W1 0.5 / / In the example well W1 enters into group G1 with coefficient 0.5, i.e. only half of the well W1 rate will be assigned to the group G1 rate.
12.18.233. GWRATMUL
1635
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.234 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
APILIM x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
Section
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword is used to control API tracking calculation in simulator Eclipse. In tNavigator this keyword is IGNORED due to different mathematical approach. Fully implicit method is used for API calculation by default. It can be changed to explicit via the keyword TRACEROPTS (see 12.7.3). The list of supported keywords is in the section – 2.10.
12.18.234. APILIM
1636
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.235 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
AUTOSAVE x tNavigator
x E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword is used to control frequency of SAVE file writing in simulator Eclipse. In tNavigator this keyword is IGNORED due to different approach to saving calculation results.
12.18.235. AUTOSAVE
1637
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.236 Data format
WELLGR x tNavigator
Section
tNavigator-4.2
x E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets guide well rate values. Any number of data lines can be specified, each of them should be ended by a symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name, well list name (see the keyword WLIST (see 12.18.26)) or name which ends by *, i.e. mask; 2. flag indicating if the well is available for group control:
Y – well is available for control by a parent group;
N – well is not available for control by a parent group.
3. guide rate value; 4. guide rate type:
OIL – oil production guide rate;
WAT – water production guide rate;
GAS – gas production guide rate;
LIQ – liquid production guide rate;
WG – wet gas production guide rate;
VP – voidage production guide rate;
IG – gas surface volume injection guide rate;
IW – water surface volume injection guide rate;
VG – gas voidage injection guide rate;
VW – water voidage injection guide rate;
VI – injection voidage guide rate (i.e. sets VG and VW simultaneously);
RV – reservoir voidage guide rate (i.e. sets VP, VG and VW simultaneously);
INJ – injection guide rate (sets IG and IW);
NONE – no guide rate specified, potentials are used;
ALL – set all guide rates.
12.18.236. WELLGR
1638
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Default:
flag indicating if the well is available for group control: Y;
guide rate type: NONE;
Example WELLGR W10 Y 50.0 INJ / / In the example for well W10 gas surface volume injection and water surface volume injection guide rates are specified. They are equal to 50 m3 /day.
12.18.236. WELLGR
1639
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.237
tNavigator-4.2
SLAVES
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
Section
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword is used in master model to start the simulation of the slave model in Reservoir coupling option. The detailed description of Reservoir Coupling is in the section 5.15. This keyword should be entered in MASTER model only one time (the calculation of all slaves should be started at one time). Any number of lines can be specified, each one terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. name of SLAVE (will be used later in the keyword GRUPMAST (see 12.18.238)); 2. root name of the slave reservoir’s data file; 3. this parameter should be defaulted (*) (the host name where the model should be calculated; this is an Eclipse compatibility field); 4. path-name of the folder in which the data file is located, from the root folder of the host. Example SLAVES 'SLAVE1' 'SLAVE2' 'SLAVE3' /
test1' 'test2' 'test3'
'
12.18.237. SLAVES
* 'folder1'/ * 'folder2'/ * 'folder3'/
1640
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.238 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GRUPMAST x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets principal (master) and subordinate (slave) groups in Reservoir coupling option. The detailed description of Reservoir Coupling is in the section 5.15. Any number of lines can be specified, each one terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. master group’s name or group name root. Master groups should be set in the keyword GRUPTREE (see 12.18.85). They can not contains wells or subordinate groups; 2. the name of SLAVE model, containing the slave group associated with this one. Slave group should be activated with the keyword SLAVES (see 12.18.237); 3. name of the master group’s associated slave group in the slave reservoir. The names of master and associated with it slave group can be different. For example, slave group can be on the top level in its model and can have the name FIELD. On the picture 32 there is a scheme of MASTER group and SLAVES that are set in this example.
12.18.238. GRUPMAST
1641
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
Figure 32: Reservoir Coupling example
Example GRUPTREE G FIELD / W FIELD / W1 W / W2 W / W3 W / G1 G / G2 G / G3 G / / GRUPMAST W1 SLAVE1 W2 SLAVE2 W3 SLAVE3 G1 SLAVE1 G2 SLAVE2 G3 SLAVE3 /
W W W G G G
/ / / / / /
GCONPROD FIELD WRAT 1* 80 / G ORAT 40 / W WRAT 1* 10 / / 12.18.238. GRUPMAST
1642
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.239 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GRUPSLAV x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
This keyword sets slave group in the slave model in Reservoir coupling option. The detailed description of Reservoir Coupling is in the section 5.15. Any number of lines can be specified, each one terminated with a slash /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. slave group’s name or group name root. Groups are set via GRUPTREE (see 12.18.85) or WELSPECS (see 12.18.3). The slave model should contain one or more slave groups. They can be on different levels in the group tree, but a slave group cannot be subordinate to another slave group. Production or injection rate constraints that act for groups in higher level in group tree should not be applied to the slave group; 2. name of the slave group’s associated master group in the master model; 3. filter flag for oil production rate constraints: BOTH or MAST. tNavigator checks the pairs of principal-subordinate groups, set using the keywords GRUPMAST (see 12.18.238) and GRUPSLAV (see 12.18.239). Two options are possible. If in MASTER model we have GRUPMAST (see 12.18.238) for the group G in the model SLAVE1, and in the model SLAVE1:
the corresponding GRUPSLAV (see 12.18.239) is not specified, then the group limits set in SLAVE1 continue to act on group G (option BOTH);
the corresponding GRUPSLAV (see 12.18.239) is specified, then its parameters 3-9 define if the group limits (specified in SLAVE1) will affect on the group G. In particular if parameters 3-9 are not specified then GCONPROD (see 12.18.72), GCONINJE (see 12.18.81) specified in SLAVE model for SLAVE group will be ignored (option MAST).
4. filter flag for water and liquid production rate constraints. Analogously to parameter 3; 5. filter flag for gas production rate constraints. Analogously to parameter 3; 6. filter flag for reservoir fluid volume production rate constraints. Analogously to parameter 3;
12.18.239. GRUPSLAV
1643
12.18. Schedule section
tNavigator-4.2
7. filter flag for oil injection rate constraints. Analogously to parameter 3; 8. filter flag for water injection rate constraints. Analogously to parameter 3; 9. filter flag for gas injection rate constraints. Analogously to parameter 3. Defauls:
parameters 3-9: MAST.
Example GRUPSLAV W W1 / G G1 / /
12.18.239. GRUPSLAV
1644
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.240
tNavigator-4.2
CSKIN
Data format
x tNavigator x E100
Section
x E300
MORE
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword updates skin factor values for specified perforations. Single data line should contain the following parameters: 1. well name, well list name (see the keyword WLIST (see 12.18.26)) or name which ends by *, i.e. mask; 2. I coordinate of block with perforation; 3. J coordinate of block with perforation; 4. upper K coordinate of block with perforation; 5. lower K coordinate of block with perforation; 6. skin factor value. Any number of data lines can be specified. Each of them should be ended by the symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
I coordinate of block with perforation: 0;
J coordinate of block with perforation: 0;
upper K coordinate of block with perforation: coordinate of top connection of well;
bottom K coordinate of block with perforation: coordinate of bottom connection of well;
skin factor value: 0.
Example CSKIN '*' 4* -1 / / In this example skin factor for all perforations of each well is -1.
12.18.240. CSKIN
1645
12.18. Schedule section
12.18.241
tNavigator-4.2
WFOAM
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
x E100
IMEX
STARS
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
GEM
PROPS x SCHEDULE
The keyword sets foam concentration in injecting stream. It can be used only if foam model option (see 2.21) is activated by the keyword FOAM (see 12.1.64). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name, well list name (see the keyword WLIST (see 12.18.26)) or name which ends by *, i.e. mask; 2. foam concentration in injecting stream. Units depends on the first parameter of FOAMOPTS (see 12.11.2):
if it is GAS – METRIC: kg/sm3 , FIELD: lb/Msc f ;
if it is WATER – METRIC: kg/sm3 , FIELD: lb/stb.
One can set any number of data lines. Each data line should be ended by the symbol /.The data should be terminated with a slash /. Example WFOAM 'INJECTOR' /
1.1 /
In the example foam concentration in the stream which is injected by well INJECTOR is 1.1 lb/stb.
12.18.241. WFOAM
1646
13. Keywords compatible with tNavigator and IMEX, STARS, GEM tNavigator-4.2
13
Keywords compatible with tNavigator and IMEX, STARS, GEM
The general description of data formats that can be used in tNavigator, keywords’ syntax and reading of keywords in different formats are in the section – 11. This section describes all keywords which can be used in tNavigator in the following model formats:
tNavigator;
IMEX;
STARS;
GEM.
This description pointed out if there are parameters of the keyword which are ignored by tNavigator or which use is different from CMG. For convenience keyword are grouped in several sections similar to IMEX, STARS, GEM sections.
Input – Input/Output Control (13.2)
Reservoir – Reservoir description (13.3)
Other – Other Reservoir Properties (13.4)
Component – Component properties (13.5)
Rockfluid – Rock-Fluid data (13.6)
Initial – Initial conditions (13.7)
Numerical – Numerical methods control (13.8)
Well – Well and recurrent data (13.9)
13. Keywords compatible with tNavigator and IMEX, STARS, GEM
1647
13.1. Data entry system
13.1
tNavigator-4.2
Data entry system
13.1. Data entry system
1648
13.1. Data entry system
13.1.1
tNavigator-4.2
MATRIX
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword is used after keywords which set grid properties. The keyword specifies that properties correspond to matrix blocks. In dual porosity run (DUALPORO (see 12.1.76)) both MATRIX and FRACTURE (see 13.1.2) are used. FRACTURE (see 13.1.2) specifies fracture properties. Example PERMI MATRIX ALL 25.5188 25.841 26.0421 26.0878 25.9532 25.6303 25.1359 24.5015 23.7728 This example sets X-direction permeabilities for 9 matrix blocks.
13.1.1. MATRIX
1649
13.1. Data entry system
13.1.2
tNavigator-4.2
FRACTURE
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword is used after keywords which set grid properties. The keyword specifies that properties correspond to fracture blocks. In dual porosity run (DUALPORO (see 12.1.76)) both FRACTURE and MATRIX (see 13.1.1) are used. MATRIX (see 13.1.1) specifies matrix properties. Example POR FRACTURE ALL 0.114087 0.114805 0.115251 0.115352 0.115054 0.114336 0.113228 0.11179 This example sets porosity for 9 fracture blocks.
13.1.2. FRACTURE
1650
13.1. Data entry system
13.1.3
tNavigator-4.2
CON
Data format
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
The keyword is used after the keyword, if constant value array is entered. After CON one should specify the value (which is equal to all array elements). Example DIFRAC CON 0.1 PB MATRIX CON 6500 The keyword sets the distances between fractures (matrix block sizes) in X-direction – DIFRAC – are equal to 0.1. Bubble point pressure for matrix blocks – PB – is equal to 6500.
13.1.3. CON
1651
13.1. Data entry system
13.1.4
tNavigator-4.2
IVAR / JVAR / KVAR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keywords specify common constant values for all blocks of the layer in X -, Y and Z -direction. IVAR (see 13.1.4) specifies common value for blocks of the layer in X direction, JVAR (see 13.1.4) - in Y -direction, KVAR (see 13.1.4) - in Z -direction. The following parameters should be specified:
value assigned to blocks for each layer in X - / Y - / Z -direction correspondingly. The number of values should be equal to the number of layers in corresponding direction.
Example HEATR KVAR 4*0 1500 5*0 In the example for 10 layers of the model heat transfer rate values are specified (the keyword HEATR (see 13.9.1)). In all blocks of the layer in Z -direction transfer rate is the same. Values are equal to 0 in the first 4 layers, 1500J/day in the fifth one and 0 for five other layers of the model.
13.1.4. IVAR / JVAR / KVAR
1652
13.2. Input/Output Control
13.2
tNavigator-4.2
Input/Output Control
13.2. Input/Output Control
1653
13.2. Input/Output Control
13.2.1
tNavigator-4.2
TITLE1 / TITLE2 / TITLE3
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 x Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword is used to specify model name (this name can consist of letters and numbers). It has an Eclipse compatible analogue TITLE (see 12.1.2). Example TITLE1 'Model number 1' This example sets the model name Model number 1.
13.2.1. TITLE1 / TITLE2 / TITLE3
1654
13.2. Input/Output Control
13.2.2
tNavigator-4.2
INUNIT
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 x Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword is used to specify units system. The data can be read by tNavigator in following units:
SI;
LAB;
FIELD.
Also, one can change pressure unit from kPa to bar in SI by the keyword. It can be done by the following command: Example INUNIT SI EXCEPT 3 3
Example INUNIT FIELD The keyword sets FIELD units system.
13.2.2. INUNIT
1655
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3
tNavigator-4.2
Reservoir description
13.3. Reservoir description
1656
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.1
tNavigator-4.2
GRID
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the reservoir grid. In the ”Reservoir description” section 13.3 it must be used first. The following parameters should be specified: 1. type grid: CART / VARI / CORNER
CART - rectangular Cartesian grid will be used;
VARI - rectangular grid will be used. Variable depth/thickness layers can be set for this grid;
CORNER - rectangular grid will be used. In this grid location of block is defined by eight coordinates of it tops. Each top is defined by x , y and z coordinates.
2. ni - the number of blocks in X -direction; 3. n j - the number of blocks in Y -direction; 4. nk - the number of blocks in Z -direction; Example GRID VARI 150 1 6 In the example rectangular grid is set. The number of blocks in X -direction is 150, the number of blocks in Y -direction is 1, the number of blocks in Z -direction is 6. Variable depth/thickness layers can be set for this grid.
13.3.1. GRID
1657
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.2
tNavigator-4.2
DI / DJ / DK
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keywords specify block length. DI (see 13.3.2) specifies block length along X direction, DJ (see 13.3.2) - specifies one along Y -direction, DK (see 13.3.2) - specifies one along Z -direction. The following parameters should be specified: 1. block lengths (SI: m, FIELD: f t ). The number of input lengths should be equal to the number of blocks along corresponding direction. Example GRID VARI 150 1 6 DI IVAR 150*5 DJ JVAR 1 DK ALL 600*2 150*1 150*1.5 In the example block lengths along three directions are specified: length of each block along X -direction is equal to 5 m, the one along Y -direction is equal to 1 m, along Z direction 600 blocks have length 2 m, 150 ones have length 1 m, and other 150 blocks have length 1.5 m.
13.3.2. DI / DJ / DK
1658
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.3
tNavigator-4.2
ZCORN
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword enables the depths of each corner of each grid block (8 corners) to be separately specified. It has an Eclipse compatible analogue ZCORN (see 12.2.9). Data input is identical with this keyword.
13.3.3. ZCORN
1659
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.4
tNavigator-4.2
COORD
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword is used to specify coordinate lines in Z-direction. It has an Eclipse compatible analogue COORD (see 12.2.8). Data input is identical with this keyword.
13.3.4. COORD
1660
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.5
tNavigator-4.2
DUALPOR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets dual porosity run. One should specify matrix block properties and fracture block properties using keywords MATRIX (see 13.1.1) and FRACTURE (see 13.1.2). It has an Eclipse compatible analogue DUALPORO (see 12.1.76). Example DUALPOR
13.3.5. DUALPOR
1661
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.6
tNavigator-4.2
SHAPE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the type of shape factor which will be used in calculation of matrixfracture flows in dual porosity run. There are two possible types:
GK (Gilman and Kazemi) Matrix-fracture flow in one block is proportional to transmissibility: 1 1 1 20 ∗ k ∗ ( + + )2 ∗ MV 3 lx ly lz k – permeability, lx, ly, lz – distances between fractures in X, Y and Z directions, entered using keywords DIFRAC / DJFRAC / DKFRAC (see 13.3.7), MV – matrix volume.
WR (Warren and Root) Matrix-fracture flow in one block is proportional to transmissibility: 1 1 1 4 ∗ k ∗ ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) ∗ MV lx ly lz
Current version of Navigator support only GK type. It has an Eclipse compatible analogue VISCD (see 12.1.82). VISCD sets that the viscous displacement option will be used (matrix-fracture flows), but doesn’t specify the type of shape-factor. Eclipse compatible analogue – sigma-factor (keywords SIGMA (see 12.2.67), LTOSIGMA (see 12.2.69)). Example SHAPE GK
13.3.6. SHAPE
1662
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.7
tNavigator-4.2
DIFRAC / DJFRAC / DKFRAC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the distances between fractures (matrix blocks sizes) in X, Y and Z directions. The keywords can be used if DUALPOR (see 13.3.5) is enable. Matrix-fracture flows are calculated using this keyword (one can observe formula in the description of the keyword SHAPE (see 13.3.6)). It has an Eclipse compatible analogue LX / LY / LZ (see 12.2.64).
13.3.7. DIFRAC / DJFRAC / DKFRAC
1663
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.8
tNavigator-4.2
NULL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets if block is active or inactive (doesn’t participate in the run).
0 – inactive block,
1 – active block.
Default: all blocks are active. It has an Eclipse compatible analogue ACTNUM (see 12.2.29). Example NULL MATRIX 22*1 3*0 This example sets first 22 matrix blocks active, next 3 - inactive. However inactive block is set only for matrix (MATRIX (see 13.1.1)), flows can appear for fracture part FRACTURE (see 13.1.2).
13.3.8. NULL
1664
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.9
tNavigator-4.2
POR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets porosity values (between 0 and 1). Reference pressure at which these porosities are given, is specified using the keyword PRPOR (see 13.4.4). The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. It has an Eclipse compatible analogue PORO (see 12.2.24). Example POR MATRIX ALL 0.114087 0.114805 0.115251 0.115352 0.115054 0.114336 0.113228 0.11179 POR FRACTURE ALL 0.110115 0.108315 0.106498 0.104755 0.103144 0.10169 0.100393 0.0992395 This example sets porosity for 8 blocks (values are different for matrix and fracture blocks).
13.3.9. POR
1665
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.10 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
PERMI / PERMJ / PERMK x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
These keywords specify absolute permeabilities in X (PERMI), Y (PERMJ), Z (PERMK) directions. In dual porosity run (DUALPOR (see 13.3.5)) one should enter permeabilities for matrix blocks (MATRIX (see 13.1.1)) and fracture blocks (FRACTURE (see 13.1.2)). MATRIX permeabilities are used in calculations of matrix-fracture flows and matrix-matrix flows (in dual permeability run). FRACTURE permeabilities are used in calculations of fracturefracture flows. Three keywords have an Eclipse compatible analogue PERMX / PERMY / PERMZ (see 12.2.13). Example PERMI MATRIX ALL 25.5188 25.841 26.0421 26.0878 25.9532 25.6303 25.1359 24.5015 23.7728 PERMI FRACTURE ALL 2551.88 2584.1 2604.21 2608.78 2595.32 2563.03 2513.59 2450.15 2377.28 This example sets absolute permeabilities for 9 matrix and fracture blocks.
13.3.10. PERMI / PERMJ / PERMK
1666
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.11 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
NETGROSS x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets net to gross values of grid blocks. The same number of values as number of blocks must be specified. It has an Eclipse compatible analogue NTG (see 12.2.25). Example NETGROSS FRACTURE CON 0.32 NETGROSS MATRIX CON 0.32 This example sets net to gross values of matrix and fracture grid blocks equal to 0.32 (dual porosity model).
13.3.11. NETGROSS
1667
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.12 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
PINCHOUTARRAY x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Initial
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets pinched out blocks and not pinched out blocks (blocks with small void volume are not used in the calculations). One should specify the same number of values as the number of blocks in the model.
0 – block is pinched out,
1 – block is not pinched out.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues PINCH (see 12.2.54), PINCHREG (see 12.2.56), PINCHNUM (see 12.2.57). Example PINCHOUTARRAY CON 1 This example sets that no one block is pinched out.
13.3.12. PINCHOUTARRAY
1668
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.13
tNavigator-4.2
VOLMOD
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
The keyword sets a multiplier γ(x, y, z) for each grid block. Geometric volume Vgeom is multiplied by γ(x, y, z). The same number of values should be specified as the number of grid blocks. Bulk grid block volume – section 4.26, pore block volume – section 4.25. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue MULTPV (see 12.2.28). Default: 1. Example VOLMOD 120*2 200*1 2500*3
In this example γ(x, y, z) in 120 blocks is – 2, in 200 blocks – 1, in 2500 blocks – 3.
13.3.13. VOLMOD
1669
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.14 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
NETPAY x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword defines net thickness of grid blocks. Net thickness values are used in porosity calculations. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation-Recompaction) is in the section 4.24. This keyword is fully analogous to the keyword DZNET (see 12.2.26) which is used by Eclipse. More details are in DZNET (see 12.2.26) description.
13.3.14. NETPAY
1670
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.15
tNavigator-4.2
AQLEAK
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies whether waterflow from reservoir into the aquifer is allowed where the block pressure is higher than the aquifer pressure.
ON - waterflow is allowed;
OFF - waterflow is denied;
By default: OFF. Example AQLEAK ON
13.3.15. AQLEAK
1671
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.16 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
AQMETHOD x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
x GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies the aquifer type in a model.
CARTER-TRACY – Carter-Tracy’s aquifer;
FETKOVITCH – Fetkovitch’s aquifer.
SEMI-ANALYTICAL – semi-analytical aquifer.
By default: CARTER-TRACY. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues AQUCT (see 12.16.8), AQUFET (see 12.16.4).
13.3.16. AQMETHOD
1672
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.17
tNavigator-4.2
AQVISC
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets aquifer water viscosity. It can be used only with SEMI-ANALYTICAL aquifer type (see AQMETHOD (see 13.3.16)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. aquifer water viscosity (cp). Default:
if this keyword is omitted, then calculated water viscosity is taken.
Example AQVISC 0.61
13.3.17. AQVISC
1673
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.18
tNavigator-4.2
AQPROP
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies aquifer’s properties. The following parameters should be specified: 1. thickness (SI: m, FIELD: f t ); 2. porosity; 3. permeability (SI: mD, FIELD: mD); 4. radius (SI: m, FIELD: f t ); 5. angle of influence (expressed by a fraction (a ratio to 360◦ )). Radius and angle of influence should be specified for Carter-Tracy and Fetkovitch aquifer. For SEMI-ANALYTICAL model one should enter 0 value. By default:
thickness: For this parameter default value is supported according to the logic of STARS syntax.
porosity: average porosity of reservoir (For this parameter default value is supported according to the logic of STARS syntax.)
permeability: average permeability of reservoir in aquifer flow direction (For this parameter default value is supported according to the logic of STARS syntax.)
radius: For this parameter default value is supported according to the logic of STARS syntax.
angle of influence: For this parameter default value is supported according to the logic of STARS syntax.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues AQUCT (see 12.16.8), AQUNUM (see 12.16.11). Example INUNIT FIELD ... AQPROP 100 0.28 70 15500 0.2 13.3.18. AQPROP
1674
13.3. Reservoir description
tNavigator-4.2
In the example is specified aquifer with following properties: thickness is equal to 100 f t , porosity is equal to 0.28, permeability is equal to 70 mD, radius is equal 15500 f t and angle of influence is equal to 72 degrees (as one fifth of 360◦ ).
13.3.18. AQPROP
1675
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.19
tNavigator-4.2
AQUIFER
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
x GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies the aquifer location in a model. tNavigator supports one option to specify it:
BOTTOM – aquifer will be connected to the bottom of reservoir;
BOUNDARY – aquifer will be connected to all boundary blocks of reservoir except inactive ones;
RESBND – aquifer will be connected to all boundary blocks of reservoir including inactive ones.
REGION – aquifer will be connected to arbitrary blocks. Coordinates of these blocks are specified by intervals i1 (: i2), j1 (: j2), k1 (: k2) correspondingly in I -, J , K -directions. When this option is used, one of the following parameters can be specified: – [additional parameter] IDIR, JDIR or KDIR – aquifer will be connected to the reservoir boundary block in the specified direction.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue AQUANCON (see 12.16.10).
Example AQUIFER REGION 1:3 1:187 1:35 IDIR In the example an aquifer is connected to specified blocks in I -direction.
13.3.19. AQUIFER
1676
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.20 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
AQFUNC x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword is full analog of the keyword AQUTAB (see 12.16.9).
13.3.20. AQFUNC
1677
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.21 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
DUALPERM x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets dual permeability run. One should specify matrix block properties and fracture block properties using keywords MATRIX (see 13.1.1) and FRACTURE (see 13.1.2). It has an Eclipse compatible analogue DUALPERM (see 12.1.77).
13.3.21. DUALPERM
1678
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.22 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
CORNERS x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
x GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword is an analog of the keyword CORNERS (see 12.2.102) which is used by tNavigator. The keyword sets coordinates of block grid tops (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ). Data specification. In case if in the model there are nx ∗ ny ∗ nz blocks, then one should set 3 ∗ 8 ∗ nx ∗ ny ∗ nz coordinates of their tops. The order is the following:
8 ∗ nx ∗ ny ∗ nz - X coordinates of blocks;
8 ∗ nx ∗ ny ∗ nz - Y coordinates of blocks;
8 ∗ nx ∗ ny ∗ nz - Z coordinates of blocks.
13.3.22. CORNERS
1679
13.3. Reservoir description
Example CORNERS 0 50 50 100 0 50 50 100 0 50 50 100 0 50 50 100 0 50 50 100 0 50 50 100 0 50 50 100 0 50 50 100 0 0 0 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502
tNavigator-4.2
100
100 500 500 500 500 502 502 502 502
In the example grid of 2x2x1-size is specified. Length of block along x - and y-directions is equal to 50 m, along z-direction it is equal to 2 m. Deep of a top layer is 500 m, that’s why z-coordinates of a top layer is 500.
13.3.22. CORNERS
1680
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.23 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
CROCKTYPE x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
x IMEX
STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
GEM
The keyword is used if it is necessary to specify more than one types of rock in different regions of grid or specify table of transmissibility and porosity dependence on pressure (the keyword CROCKTAB (see 13.3.26)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. number of a rock type. Example CROCKTYPE 1 CROCKTAB 490 0.971 0.105 0.105 800 0.972 0.105 0.105 1300 0.974 0.11 0.11 1800 0.975 0.115 0.115 In the example for the 1-st type of rock the table of transmissibility and porosity dependence on pressure is specified.
13.3.23. CROCKTYPE
1681
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.24
tNavigator-4.2
CTYPE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
x IMEX
STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
GEM
The keyword set rock type number for each grid block. The following parameters should be specified: 1. rock type number for each grid block. Rock type is defined via the keywords CROCKTYPE (see 13.3.23) and CROCKTAB (see 13.3.26). Keywords ROCKNUM (see 12.4.14) and ROCKOPTS (see 12.5.21) which are used by Eclipse are analogs for this keyword. Example CTYPE KVAR 1 2 3 4 5 In the example 5 different rock properties are set for 5 grid layers.
13.3.24. CTYPE
1682
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.25
tNavigator-4.2
CCPOR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
x IMEX
STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
GEM
The keyword is equivalent to the keyword CPOR (see 13.4.5), but there is a difference: CCPOR (see 13.3.25) is used to set the rock compressibility coefficient c p only in region which is specified by CROCKTYPE (see 13.3.23). So, the keyword should be used after the keyword CROCKTYPE (see 13.3.23).
13.3.25. CCPOR
1683
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.26
tNavigator-4.2
CROCKTAB
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
x IMEX
STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
GEM
This keyword is used to set tables of transmissibility and porosity dependence on pressure for each rock region. The following parameters are to be specified (one table row): 1. pressure (SI: kPa , FIELD: psia). Minimal value is 101 kPa (14.7 psia). Values should increase down the column; 2. porosity multiplier. Values should be the same or increase down the column; 3. horizontal transmissibility multiplier; 4. vertical transmissibility multiplier. By default:
horizontal transmissibility multiplier: 1;
vertical transmissibility multiplier: horizontal transmissibility multiplier.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ROCKTAB (see 12.5.18). Example CROCKTYPE 1 CROCKTAB 490 0.971 0.105 0.105 800 0.972 0.105 0.105 1300 0.974 0.11 0.11 1800 0.975 0.115 0.115 In the example the table of transmissibility and porosity dependence on pressure is specified for the 1st type of rock.
13.3.26. CROCKTAB
1684
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.27
tNavigator-4.2
TRANSI / TRANSJ / TRANSK
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
x IMEX
STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
GEM
The keywords specify transmissibility multipliers in I , J and K directions correspondingly. The following parameters should be specified: 1. transmissibility multipliers in corresponding directions. The number of multipliers must be equal to the number of grid blocks. By default:
transmissibility multipliers: 1.0.
These keywords have Eclipse-compatible analogues MULTX (see 12.2.15), MULTY (see 12.2.17) and MULTZ (see 12.2.19).
Example TRANSI 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.0 In the example transmissibility multipliers in I direction specified for 8 blocks of grid.
13.3.27. TRANSI / TRANSJ / TRANSK
1685
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.28 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
TRANLI / TRANLJ / TRANLK x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
x IMEX
STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
These keywords are full analogs of keywords MULTX- (see 12.2.18) and MULTZ- (see 12.2.20) correspondingly.
13.3.28. TRANLI / TRANLJ / TRANLK
GEM
12.2.16), MULTY- (see
1686
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.29
tNavigator-4.2
TRANSF
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets coordinates of fault cells and multipliers of transmissibility between them. The following parameters should be specified:
in the line with the keyword: 1. single quoted fault name; 2. transmissibility multiplier for this fault;
in the next line cells coordinates and fault direction are specified: 1. X-coordinate of starting cell of the fault; 2. Y-coordinate of starting cell of the fault; 3. Z-coordinate of starting cell of the fault; 4. fault direction: – IDIR / JDIR / KDIR – I-, J- and K-direction correspondingly. In this case X-, Y- and Z-coordinates of neighbor cell in specified direction should be specified further; – IDIR+ / IDIR- / JDIR+ / JDIR- / KDIR+ / KDIR- – I+/-, J+/- and K+/directions correspondingly. In this case it is considered that connections are set for all cells in this direction starting from specified cell. Sign ”+” means cells which have specified coordinate greater will be selected; sign ”-” means the same about lesser coordinate.
These keyword has Eclipse-compatible analogues FAULTS (see 12.2.37) and MULTFLT (see 12.2.38).
Example TRANSF 'fault1' 0 1 1 1 IDIR 2 1 1 In the example transmissibility multiplier between neighbor cells (1,1,1) and (2,1,1) is equal to 0. That is, connection between them is eliminated.
13.3.29. TRANSF
1687
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.30
tNavigator-4.2
FRFRAC
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
This keyword should be used in dual porosity model. The keyword sets value fracture volume in a cell as a fraction of the cell volume. The following parameters should be specified: 1. value of cell volume fraction which corresponds to fracture volume. Default:
if fracture doesn’t contain rock, then the FRFRAC value is equal to porosity fracture value;
if this keyword is absent, then the fracture doesn’t contain rock.
Example FRFRAC ALL 0.7 In the example for all cells value fracture volume in a cell is set. It is equal to 0.7.
13.3.30. FRFRAC
1688
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.31
tNavigator-4.2
FORMINFRAC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
x Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
Initial
This keyword should be used in dual porosity model. It sets value of ratio between rock volume in fracture and fracture volume. The following parameters should be specified: 1. value of ratio between rock volume in fracture and fracture volume. Default:
if the keyword is absent, then fracture doesn’t contain rock.
Example FORMINFRAC ALL 0.4 In the example for each cell value of ratio between rock volume in fracture and fracture volume is set. It is equal to 0.4.
13.3.31. FORMINFRAC
1689
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.32 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
SECTORARRAY x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies named FIP-region. The following parameters should be specified: 1. FIP-region name; 2. coordinate of the first cell along X-direction; 3. coordinate of the last cell along X-direction; 4. coordinate of the first cell along Y-direction; 5. coordinate of the last cell along Y-direction; 6. coordinate of the first cell along Z-direction; 7. coordinate of the last cell along Z-direction. 8. number of this FIP-region. First and last coordinates along the same axis should be separated by a colon. If only one layer is needed to specify, then second coordinate can be omitted (see the example). Example SECTORARRAY 'ABC'
1:7 2:9 2 1
In the example the keyword SECTORARRAY (see 13.3.32) specifies FIP-region ”ABC”. Layers 1-7 along X-axis, 2-9 along Y-axis and 7 along Z-axis are selected.
13.3.32. SECTORARRAY
1690
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.33
tNavigator-4.2
DEPTH
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets reservoir depth of specified block. The following parameters should be specified: 1. TOP or CENTRE:
TOP – flag indicating that the depth of the centre of the top block face is specified;
CENTRE – flag indicating that the depth of the block centre is specified.
2. coordinate i of the block; 3. coordinate j of the block; 4. coordinate k of the block; 5. block depth (METRIC: m; SI: f t ). This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DEPTH (see 12.3.27). Default:
TOP or CENTRE: if nothing is specified, then CENTRE.
Example DEPTH 1 1 1 600
13.3.33. DEPTH
1691
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.34
tNavigator-4.2
DTOP
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets depths of the centre of the top face of each grid block in the top layer of the grid. The following parameters should be specified: 1. depths of the centre of the top face of each grid block in the top layer of the grid (METRIC: m; SI: f t ). ni × n j values should be specified. Example DTOP 10*1200 In the example all blocks of the top layer has depths 1200 m.
13.3.34. DTOP
1692
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.35 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
PVCUTOFF x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets pore volume value. All blocks which pore volume is less than specified are considered to be blocks with zero pore volume. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pore volume ”margin” value (METRIC: m3 ; SI: f t 3 ). This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue MINPV (see 12.2.30). Example PVCUTOFF 1000 In the example all blocks which pore volume is less than 1000 f t 3 are considered to be blocks with zero pore volume.
13.3.35. PVCUTOFF
1693
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.36
tNavigator-4.2
REFINE
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies local grid refinement. The following parameters should be specified: 1. coordinates of block to refine. Block to refine can be specified by 2 following ways:
one-level refinement. Three coordinates of the block (x, y, z) or coordinates of blocks interval (x1 : x2 , y1 : y2 , z1 : z2 ) are specified. Each block of the interval will be refined;
multi-level refinement. It is used when you need to refine block which is already refined. Three coordinates of the block (x, y, z) are specified, then it is refining, then three coordinates inside result block are specified and so on. See example.
2. flag INTO which signals about new refinement; 3. number of refined blocks in the I direction inside each block to refine; 4. number of refined blocks in the J direction inside each block to refine; 5. number of refined blocks in the K direction inside each block to refine. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue CARFIN (see 12.2.87). Example REFINE 1:2 2:3 1 INTO 2 3 3 In the example 4 blocks are refined: blocks of the 1-st and 2-nd layer in X direction, of the 2-nd and 3-rd layers in Y direction and of the 1-st layer in Z direction. Each of them will be refined on 2 blocks in X direction, and on 3 blocks in Y and Z directions. Example REFINE 2 3 2 / 2 2 2 INTO 2 3 2 In the example multi-level refinement is used. Block (2,3,2) is refined on 2 blocks in X and Z directions, and on 3 in Y direction. Then block (2,2,2) inside refined block is refined on 2 blocks in X and Z directions, and on 3 in Y direction.
13.3.36. REFINE
1694
13.3. Reservoir description
13.3.37 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
SCONNECT x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets non-neighbor connection between two cells. The following parameters should be specified: 1. I -coordinate of the first cell; 2. J -coordinate of this cell; 3. K -coordinate of this cell; 4. I -coordinate of the second cell; 5. J -coordinate of this cell; 6. K -coordinate of this cell; 7. transmissibility value (METRIC: md -m; FIELD: md - f t ). This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue NNCGEN (see 12.2.50). Example SCONNECT 2 1 2 10 1 3 100 In the example the keyword SCONNECT (see 13.3.37) sets connection between cells (2,1,2) and (10,1,3). Transmissibility value is 100 md - f t .
13.3.37. SCONNECT
1695
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4
tNavigator-4.2
Other Reservoir Properties
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
1696
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.1
tNavigator-4.2
ROCKTYPE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword is used to define multiple rock regions. This keyword sets the number of rock region the following rock properties are assigned to. Rock properties: PRPOR (see 13.4.4), CPOR (see 13.4.5), CTPOR (see 13.4.6), ROCKCP (see 13.4.3), THCONG (see 13.4.11), THCONO (see 13.4.10), THCONS (see 13.4.12), THCONR (see 13.4.8), THCONW (see 13.4.9), THCONMIX (see 13.4.13), HLOSST (see 13.4.14), HLOSSPROP (see 13.4.16), HLOSSTDIFF (see 13.4.15). The keyword THTYPE (see 13.4.2) specifies for each grid block the number of rock region to which it belongs. Example ROCKTYPE 1 PRPOR 16450 CPOR 1.2e-6 CTPOR 0.00015 ROCKCP 2.3E6 0 THCONR 187000 THCONS 5.1E5 THCONW 5.12E4 THCONO 1.22E4 THCONG 4000 THCONMIX SIMPLE ROCKTYPE 2 PRPOR 16450 CPOR 1.4e-8 CTPOR 0.00015 ROCKCP 2.3E6 0 THCONR 187000 THCONS 4.5E5 THCONW 5.35E4 THCONO 1.11E4 THCONG 4000 THCONMIX SIMPLE In this example rock properties are specified for 2 rock regions.
13.4.1. ROCKTYPE
1697
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.2
tNavigator-4.2
THTYPE
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword is used to define multiple rock regions. The keyword THTYPE (see 13.4.2) specifies for each grid block the number of rock region to which it belongs. Only the number of rock region that has been defined earlier via ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1) is allowed. Default: all grid blocks belong to one region. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ROCKNUM (see 12.4.14).
Example ROCKTYPE 1 ... ROCKTYPE 2 ... THTYPE CON 2 In this example all grid blocks belong to the 2-nd rock region.
13.4.2. THTYPE
1698
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.3
tNavigator-4.2
ROCKCP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets the coefficients CP1 , CP2 of the rock enthalpy formula 4.51: 1 HR (T ) = (CP1 (T − Tre f ) + CP2 (T − Tre f )2 ) 2 Tre f is set via TEMR (see 13.5.11). The following parameters are to be specified: 1. CP1 (SI: J/m3 /◦C , FIELD: Btu/ f t 3 /◦ F ), 2. CP2 (SI: J/m3 /◦C/◦C , FIELD: Btu/ f t 3 /◦ F/◦ F ). Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). Default: CP1 = 2347kJ/m3 , CP2 = 0. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues HEATCR (see 12.14.10), HEATCRT (see 12.14.11). In tNavigator the coefficients CP1 , CP2 can be specified via the keyword HEATTCR (see 12.14.12). Example ROCKTYPE 1 ROCKCP 3204500 0 In this example the coefficients of the rock enthalpy formula are specified for one rock region.
13.4.3. ROCKCP
1699
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.4
tNavigator-4.2
PRPOR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
MORE
x GEM
x STARS
Initial
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
For models in IMEX, GEM data format these keywords should be in the section Reservoir (Reservoir properties), for models in STARS format – Other (Other reservoir properties). The keyword sets the reference pressure pre f (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi), which is used in porosity calculations. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). Default: if PRPOR (see 13.4.4) is absent
for IMEX, GEM models: 1 atm;
for STARS models: the reference pressure is equal to the pressure in the first active grid block.
The keyword is analogous to the 1-st parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ROCK (see 12.5.16). Example PRPOR 16550 In this example the reference pressure is 16550kPa. Example PRPOR FRACTURE 17820 PRPOR MATRIX 17820 CPOR FRACTURE 1e-6 CPOR MATRIX 1e-7 This example sets equal reference pressures for matrix and fracture parts and different rock compressibility coefficients.
13.4.4. PRPOR
1700
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.5
tNavigator-4.2
CPOR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x IMEX
Input
x Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
For models in IMEX data format these keywords should be in the section Reservoir (Reservoir properties), for models in STARS format – Other (Other reservoir properties). The keyword sets the rock compressibility coefficient c p (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi), which is used in porosity calculations. Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. Default: 0. The keyword is analogous to the 2-nd parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ROCK (see 12.5.16).
Example CPOR 1.3e-6
In this example the rock compressibility coefficient is 1.3e-61/kPa.
Example PRPOR FRACTURE 17820 PRPOR MATRIX 17820 CPOR FRACTURE 1e-6 CPOR MATRIX 1e-7 This example sets equal reference pressures for matrix and fracture parts and different rock compressibility coefficients.
13.4.5. CPOR
1701
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.6
tNavigator-4.2
CTPOR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets the effective thermal expansion coefficient of the formation cT (SI: 1/C , FIELD: 1/F ), which is used in porosity calculations. Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. Default: 0. The keyword is analogous to the 1-st parameter of ROCKT (see 12.14.17), which is used in tNavigator.
Example CTPOR 0.00012
In this example the effective thermal expansion coefficient is 0.000121/C .
13.4.6. CTPOR
1702
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.7
tNavigator-4.2
CPTPOR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets the pressure-temperature cross-term coefficient of the formation effective porosity c pT (SI: 1/kPa −C , FIELD: 1/psi − F ), which is used in porosity calculations. Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. Default: 0. The keyword is analogous to the 2-nd parameter of ROCKT (see 12.14.17), which is used in tNavigator.
Example CPTPOR 0.000042 In this example the pressure-temperature cross-term coefficient of the formation effective porosity is 0.0000421/kPa −C .
13.4.7. CPTPOR
1703
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.8
tNavigator-4.2
THCONR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword specifies the rock thermal conductivity kR (SI: J/m/day/C , FIELD: Btu/ f t − day − F ), which is used in the block thermal conductivity calculations 4.66 when THCONMIX (see 13.4.13) sets the option SIMPLE: Kb = φ 1 − SbS · (kW SW + kO SO + kG SG ) + φ · kS · SbS + (1 − φ ) · kR Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). Default: 149.6kJ/m/day/C . The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue THCONR (see 12.14.15). The keyword is analogous to the 1-st parameter THCONT (see 12.14.18), which is used in tNavigator.
Example THCONR 187000
In this example the rock thermal conductivity is 187000J/m/day/C .
13.4.8. THCONR
1704
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.9
tNavigator-4.2
THCONW
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword specifies the water thermal conductivity kW (SI: J/m/day/C , FIELD: Btu/ f t − day − F ), which is used in the block thermal conductivity calculations 4.66 when THCONMIX (see 13.4.13) sets the option SIMPLE: Kb = φ 1 − SbS · (kW SW + kO SO + kG SG ) + φ · kS · SbS + (1 − φ ) · kR Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). Default: 1.496 ∗ 105 J/m − day − K = 24Btu/ f t − day − F The keyword is analogous to the 2-nd parameter THCONT (see 12.14.18), which is used in tNavigator.
Example THCONW 4.85E4
In this example the water thermal conductivity is 4.85E4J/m/day/C .
13.4.9. THCONW
1705
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.10 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
THCONO x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword specifies the oil thermal conductivity kO (SI: J/m/day/C , FIELD: Btu/ f t − day − F ), which is used in the block thermal conductivity calculations 4.66 when THCONMIX (see 13.4.13) sets the option SIMPLE: Kb = φ 1 − SbS · (kW SW + kO SO + kG SG ) + φ · kS · SbS + (1 − φ ) · kR Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). Default: 1.496 ∗ 105 J/m − day − K = 24Btu/ f t − day − F The keyword is analogous to the 3-rd parameter THCONT (see 12.14.18), which is used in tNavigator.
Example THCONO 2.03E4
In this example the oil thermal conductivity is 2.03E4J/m/day/C .
13.4.10. THCONO
1706
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.11
tNavigator-4.2
THCONG
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword specifies the gas thermal conductivity kG (SI: J/m/day/C , FIELD: Btu/ f t/day/F ), which is used in the block thermal conductivity calculations 4.66 when THCONMIX (see 13.4.13) sets the option SIMPLE: Kb = φ 1 − SbS · (kW SW + kO SO + kG SG ) + φ · kS · SbS + (1 − φ ) · kR Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). Default: 1.496 ∗ 105 J/m − day − K = 24Btu/ f t − day − F The keyword is analogous to the 4-th parameter THCONT (see 12.14.18), which is used in tNavigator.
Example THCONG 3800
In this example the gas thermal conductivity is 3800J/m/day/C .
13.4.11. THCONG
1707
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.12 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
THCONS x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword specifies the solid phase thermal conductivity kS (SI: J/m/day/C , FIELD: Btu/ f t − day − F ), which is used in the block thermal conductivity calculations 4.66 when THCONMIX (see 13.4.13) sets the option SIMPLE: Kb = φ 1 − SbS · (kW SW + kO SO + kG SG ) + φ · kS · SbS + (1 − φ ) · kR Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). The keyword is analogous to the 5-th parameter THCONT (see 12.14.18), which is used in tNavigator.
Example THCONS 152000
In this example the solid phase thermal conductivity is 152000J/m/day/C .
13.4.12. THCONS
1708
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.13
tNavigator-4.2
THCONMIX
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
GEM
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the method of block thermal conductivity calculation: SIMPLE or COMPLEX. The keyword has an analogue THCONMIX (see 12.14.19), which is used in tNavigator. If the keyword THCONMIX specifies the option SIMPLE then thermal conductivity of the grid block is ( 4.66): b Kb = φ 1 − SS · (kW SW + kO SO + kG SG ) + φ · kS · SbS + (1 − φ ) · kR where
kP , P = W, O, G, S – phase thermal conductivity (THCONW (see 13.4.9), THCONO (see 13.4.10), THCONG (see 13.4.11), THCONS (see 13.4.12)) (default THCONS (see 13.4.12) = THCONR (see 13.4.8));
SP , P = W, O, G – phase saturation, SbS – solid phase saturation;
kR – rock thermal conductivity (THCONR (see 13.4.8)) (default 149.6kJ/m/day/C );
φ – porosity.
tNavigator also uses the keyword THCONT (see 12.14.18) to specify the parameters kP , P = W, O, G, S and kR . If the keyword THCONMIX specifies the option COMPLEX then thermal conductivity of the grid block is ( 4.66): p p kR kR 0 + SW + SO · kL · F Kb = 1 − SW + SO · kG · F kG kL where F(x) = exp
0.28 − 0.32876 · log φ f − 0.024755 · log x log x ,
KL =
kW SW + KO SO SW + SO
where
φ f – ”mobile” porosity.
13.4.13. THCONMIX
1709
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
tNavigator-4.2
The dependence between the block thermal conductivity and the temperature Kb = Kb0 − 1.7524 · 10−5(T − Tre f ) · (Kb0 − 119616) −0.64 (−3.6784·10−6 Kb0 ) 0 0 −3 + 110644.8 · Kb · Kb · 1.8 · 10 · T where Tre f is given by the keyword TEMR (see 13.5.11). In e300 data format thermal conductivity of the grid block is Kb = (1 − αSG ) · kR where
kR – rock thermal conductivity (THCONR (see 12.14.15)) (kJ/m/day/◦C );
α – is set via THCONSF (see 12.14.16), α ∈ [0, 1] (default: 0);
SG – gas saturation.
Example THCONMIX SIMPLE This example specifies the method of block thermal conductivity calculation – SIMPLE.
13.4.13. THCONMIX
1710
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.14
tNavigator-4.2
HLOSST
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
This keyword specifies the initial temperature of reservoir surroundings (SI: ◦ C, FIELD: (see the section ”The heat exchange between the reservoir and surroundings” 4.30).
◦ F),
Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). The keyword is analogous to the 2-nd parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ROCKPROP (see 12.2.78).
Example HLOSST 43 In this example the initial temperature of reservoir surroundings is 43 ◦ C.
13.4.14. HLOSST
1711
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.15
tNavigator-4.2
HLOSSTDIFF
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
This keyword specifies the minimal difference between temperatures when the calculations of the heat exchange should start (SI: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F), (see the section ”The heat exchange between the reservoir and surroundings” 4.30). Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). Default: 0.
Example HLOSSTDIFF 1 In this example the minimal difference between temperatures when the calculations of the heat exchange should start 1 ◦ C.
13.4.15. HLOSSTDIFF
1712
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.16
tNavigator-4.2
HLOSSPROP
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets the connection between the reservoir and cap and base rocks, volumetric heat capacity (SI: J/m3 −C , FIELD: Btu/ f t 3 −F ) and rock conductivity (SI: J/m −day −C , FIELD: Btu/ f t − day − F ) – 4.30. The following parameters are to be specified: 1. OVERBUR or (and) UNDERBUR or (and) +I, -I, +J, -J, +K, -K. This parameters are not obligatory. One may not specify them or can specify part of them.
OVERBUR heat loss properties are applied to the outer grid block faces at the reservoir top;
UNDERBUR heat loss properties are applied to the outer grid block faces at the reservoir bottom;
+I, -I, +J, -J, +K, -K. Indicates the direction in which heat loss properties are applied (I – X-axis, J – Y-axis, K – Z-axis). OVERBUR and UNDERBUR can be used together with +I, -I, +J, -J.
2. volumetric heat capacity (SI: J/m3 −C , FIELD: Btu/ f t 3 − F ); 3. rock conductivity (SI: J/m − day −C , FIELD: Btu/ f t − day − F ). Different values can be entered for different rock regions (see an example in the description of ROCKTYPE (see 13.4.1)). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues ROCKCON (see 12.2.79), ROCKPROP (see 12.2.78). The keyword is also analogous to ROCKCONT (see 12.2.80), which is used in tNavigator.
Example HLOSSPROP OVERBUR 1.7E6 1.002E5 In this example heat loss properties are applied to the outer grid block faces at the reservoir top, volumetric heat capacity is 1.7E6 J/m3 −C , rock conductivity 1.002E5 J/m − day −C .
13.4.16. HLOSSPROP
1713
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.17 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
CPORPD x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword specifies formation compressibility pressure dependence. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. effective formation compressibility near the value of 3rd parameter (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi); 2. lower reference pressure for pressure-dependent formation compressibility (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). The value must be non-negative; At this value the formation compressibility should be near the value specified via CPOR (see 13.4.5), and at pressure specified via 3-rd parameter, the formation compressibility should be equal to the value specified via 1-st parameter; 3. upper reference pressures for pressure-dependent formation compressibility (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). The value must be greater than the value of pressure at 2nd parameter. The keyword is analogous to the 3rd, 4th and 5th parameters of the keyword ROCKT (see 12.14.17), which is used in tNavigator. Example CPORPD 13.5E-06 1. 850.
13.4.17. CPORPD
1714
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.18
tNavigator-4.2
PORMAX
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword specifies maximal fractional increase in porosity due to pressure. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. fractional increase in porosity due to pressure. The keyword is analogous to the 6th parameter of the keyword ROCKT (see 12.14.17), which is used in tNavigator. Example PORMAX 0.1
13.4.18. PORMAX
1715
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.19
tNavigator-4.2
PBASE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets reference pressure for elastic curve in a reservoir dilation/recompaction model. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. reference pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). Default:
reference pressure: corresponding with the keyword PRPOR (see 13.4.4).
Example PBASE 200
13.4.19. PBASE
1716
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.20
tNavigator-4.2
CPEPAC
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets pore volume compressibility value for elastic curve in a reservoir dilation/recompaction model. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pore volume compressibility value (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi). Default:
pore volume compressibility: corresponding with the keyword CPOR (see 13.4.5).
Example CPEPAC
13.4.20. CPEPAC
1717
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.21
tNavigator-4.2
PDILA
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets pressure value at which dilation begins. This keyword should be used in a reservoir dilation/recompaction model. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pressure value (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). Default:
pressure value: 0.
Example PDILA 420.0
13.4.21. PDILA
1718
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.22
tNavigator-4.2
CRD
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets rock compressibility coefficient at dilation phase. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. rock compressibility coefficient (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi). Default: 0.
13.4.22. CRD
1719
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.23
tNavigator-4.2
PORRATMAX
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets coefficient of maximal porosity increasing over reference porosity (see the keyword POR (see 13.3.9)). Dilation process will stop when porosity value will be maximal. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. coefficient of maximal porosity increasing. Default: 1. Example PORRATMAX 1.3
13.4.23. PORRATMAX
1720
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.24
tNavigator-4.2
PPACT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets boundary pressure value at which recompaction phase begins. This value should be less than value specified at PDILA (see 13.4.21). The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation- Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pressure value (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). Default: 0.
13.4.24. PPACT
1721
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.25
tNavigator-4.2
FR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets residual dilation fraction, i.e. ratio of difference between porosity value after recompaction phase and initial porosity value to difference between changing of porosity value during dilation phase. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation-Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. residual dilation fraction. Default: 0. Example FR 0.4
13.4.25. FR
1722
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.26
tNavigator-4.2
CTD
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets pore volume thermal expansion coefficient for dilation phase. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation-Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pore volume thermal expansion coefficient (SI: 1/◦C , FIELD: 1/◦ F ). This value must be non-negative. Default:
pore volume thermal expansion coefficient: correspondingly to the keyword CTPOR (see 13.4.6).
Example CTD 6E-6
13.4.26. CTD
1723
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.27
tNavigator-4.2
CTPPAC
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword sets pore volume thermal expansion coefficient for recompaction phase. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation-Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pore volume thermal expansion coefficient (SI: 1/◦C , FIELD: 1/◦ F ). This value must be non-negative. Default:
pore volume thermal expansion coefficient: correspondingly to the keyword CTPOR (see 13.4.6).
Example CTPPAC 2E-6
13.4.27. CTPPAC
1724
13.4. Other Reservoir Properties
13.4.28
tNavigator-4.2
DILATION
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
x Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
Component Well
The keyword specifies that dilation/recompaction model is used. The description of models that can be used in tNavigator (Linear Elastic, Nonlinear Elastic, Dilation-Recompaction) is in the section – 4.24.
Example DILATION
13.4.28. DILATION
1725
13.5. Component properties
13.5
tNavigator-4.2
Component properties
13.5. Component properties
1726
13.5. Component properties
13.5.1
tNavigator-4.2
K_SURF
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword specifies component K-values at surface conditions. The following parameters should be specified:
component name;
the value of Ks (i) (GAS-LIQUID) for this component at surface conditions. This value will be used instead of the value, calculated form K-value at surface conditions (pressure psur f and temperature Tsur f ).
Example K_SURF K_SURF K_SURF K_SURF K_SURF K_SURF K_SURF K_SURF K_SURF K_SURF
N2C1' 2.0169E+02 CO2' 5.8703E+01 'C2' 2.7216E+01 'C3' 6.9282E+00 'C4' 2.0053E+00 'C5' 5.5671E-01 'C6C10' 2.2811E-02 'C11C19' 2.6468E-05 'C20C35' 1.3923E-11 'C36P' 1.2174E-18 '
'
13.5.1. K_SURF
1727
13.5. Component properties
13.5.2
tNavigator-4.2
SURFLASH
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword is used to calculate phase resources and phase rates in surface conditions. The keyword SURFLASH affects the option of component distribution between phases in surface conditions. One of the following options should be specified: 1. SEGREGATED – if this option is used, components are segregated into single phases. If for the aqueous component K-value is Ks (i) < 1, then it will be considered in water phase, else – gas phase. If for the oleic component K-value is Ks (i) < 1, then it will be considered in oil phase, else – gas phase. 2. KVALUE - algorithm of phase distribution in the surface conditions corresponds to the algorithm in the reservoir. (see 4.36). Default:
SEGREGATED.
Example SURFLASH KVALUE
13.5.2. SURFLASH
1728
13.5. Component properties
13.5.3
tNavigator-4.2
MOLVOL
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the component molar volume at reference temperature TEMR (see 13.5.11) and reference pressure PRSR (see 13.5.10). This value is inverse to the component molar density MOLDEN (see 13.5.14). After the keyword the following parameters should be specified:
molar volume of each component (SI: m3 /gmol , FIELD: f t 3 /mol ). The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DREF (see 12.14.34).
13.5.3. MOLVOL
1729
13.5. Component properties
13.5.4
tNavigator-4.2
MODEL
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x Component Well
For models in IMEX, STARS and GEM format this keyword has different syntax. For models in IMEX format: (STARS and GEM are below) The keyword specifies a type of model. tNavigator read the following types (the keyword doesn’t have in influence on the simulation):
BLACKOIL – oil, gas, water;
OILWATER – two-phase model, without gas phase;
MISCD – pseudo-miscible model (solution gas always remain in solution);
MISNCG – pseudo-miscible model (injected gas has the same composition as solution gas);
POLY – polymer model (oil, gas, water and polymer). Description of polymer flood model is given in section Polymer flood in IMEX format;
POLYOW – polymer model, without gas phase;
API-INT;
API-INTO;
GASWATER – gas-water model, without gas phase.
Three keywords have an Eclipse compatible analogue OIL (see 12.1.52), WATER (see 12.1.54), GAS (see 12.1.53), VAPOIL (see 12.1.55), DISGAS (see 12.1.56). Example MODEL BLACKOIL This example specifies the black oil model. For models in STARS format: The keyword sets the number of components and component volatility type. The data should be entered in the following format: MODEL
13.5.4. MODEL
1730
13.5. Component properties
tNavigator-4.2
1. total number of components in the model (including water); 2. total number of components in the water, (or) oil, (or) gas phases; 3. total number of components in the water and (or) oil phases; 4. the number of water-like or aqueous components (default: 1 – water). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue COMPS (see 12.13.3). COMPS (see 12.13.3) sets the number of hydrocarbon components, MODEL – total number of components (including water). In the example below there are 7 components. ”1” indicates in the table that the component can be in this phase. There are 2 water-like components, 4 components – water-like or in the oil phase, 6 components – water-like, in the oil or gas phases. Solid phase (coke) is also enable. Component name Water Asphaltenes Light oil CO2 N2 / CO Oxygen Coke Example MODEL 7 6 4 1 COMPNAME 'Water' 'Coke'
'
Water 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Asphaltenes'
'
Oil 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
Gas 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
Light Oil'
Solid phase 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
'
CO2'
'
N2CO'
'
Oxygen'
For models in GEM format: In this case the keyword sets type of equation of state for a model. The following parameters should be specified: 1. type of equation of state:
SRK – Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation;
PR – Peng-Robinson equation.
Example MODEL SRK
13.5.4. MODEL
1731
13.5. Component properties
13.5.5
tNavigator-4.2
PVT
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x Component Well
The keyword sets PVT properties of oil and gas. The data should be entered the following way: PVT BG (EG of ZG) number BG – the gas formation volume factor will be used (EG – gas expansion factor, ZG – gas compressibility factor). BG is equal to the volume of gas at reservoir conditions divided by volume of gas at surface conditions, EG is equal to the volume of gas at surface conditions divided by volume of gas at reservoir conditions. number - PVT region number (the following table is specified for this PVT region). The table consists of arbitrary number of lines (two or more). Pressure (the first parameter) should increase down the column. Each line has 8 parameters: 1. the bubble point pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi), 2. gas-oil ratio of saturated oil with bubble point pressure specified by the 1-st parameter (SI: m3 /m3 , FIELD: sc f /ST B), 3. the formation volume factor of saturated oil at the bubble point pressure (SI: m3 /m3 , FIELD: rb/stb), 4. Bg – the gas formation volume factor will be used (SI: m3 /m3 , FIELD: rb/sc f ) (Eg – gas expansion factor (SI: m3 /m3 , FIELD: sc f /rb), Zg – gas compressibility factor, if EG or ZG is specified after PVT), 5. the viscosity of saturated oil at the bubble point pressure (SI: mPa − s, FIELD: cp), 6. the viscosity of gas at the bubble point pressure (SI: mPa − s, FIELD: cp), 7. oil compressibility, 8. gas-oil surface tension (SI, FIELD: dyne/cm). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PVCO (see 12.5.6), PVDG (see 12.5.7).
13.5.5. PVT
1732
13.5. Component properties
tNavigator-4.2
Example PVT BG 1 101.325 0.418766947 1.00121067 1.242456434 594.9490888 0.0124995 4.35E-06 527.904 2.185316651 1.006289406 0.235088062 587.1696078 0.0125406 4.35E-06 This example specifies PVT table for 1 PVT region (gas-oil surface tension isn’t specified - default value will be used).
13.5.5. PVT
1733
13.5. Component properties
13.5.6
tNavigator-4.2
DENSITY
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x Component Well
The keyword sets oil, water and gas density (SI: kg/m3 , FIELD: lbm/ f t 3 ). To enter phase density one should add phase name OIL, GAS or WATER after DENSITY. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DENSITY (see 12.5.23). Example DENSITY OIL 948.2 DENSITY WATER 1001.48 This example sets oil density equal to 948.2 and water density - 1001.48.
13.5.6. DENSITY
1734
13.5. Component properties
13.5.7
tNavigator-4.2
BWI / CW / REFPW / CVW / VWI
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x Component Well
These keywords specify for one PVT region the following data:
BWI - water formation volume factor (SI: m3 /m3 , FIELD: rb/stb),
CW - water compressibility (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi),
PEFPM - reference pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi),
CVW - water viscosibility,
VWI - water viscosity (SI: mPa − s, FIELD: cp).
If there are more then one PVT region, these five items should be specified for every PVT region. Five keywords have an Eclipse compatible analogue PVTW (see 12.5.5). 2-nd parameter of PVTW corresponds to BWI, 3-rd – CW, 1-st – REFPW, 5-th – CVW, 4-th – VWI. Example BWI 1.0111 CVW 0 CW 8.64711e-006 REFPW 20000 VWI 0.613465 This example sets water formation volume factor equal to 1.0111, water compressibility 8.64711e-006, reference pressure - 20000, water viscosibility - 0, water viscosity - 0.613465.
13.5.7. BWI / CW / REFPW / CVW / VWI
1735
13.5. Component properties
13.5.8
tNavigator-4.2
PTYPE
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x Component Well
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every grid block specifying the PVT region to which it belongs. This keyword should be entered after all PVT tables for all PVT regions. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PVTNUM (see 12.4.2). Example PTYPE FRACTURE CON 1 PTYPE MATRIX CON 1
This example sets 1 PVT region (CON specifies an array, all elements of this array are equal to 1).
13.5.8. PTYPE
1736
13.5. Component properties
13.5.9
tNavigator-4.2
COMPNAME
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword specifies component names. This keyword is used after the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4) COMPNAME should be followed by the component names. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue CNAMES (see 12.13.4). In the example below there are 7 components. ”1” indicates in the table that the component can be in this phase. There are 2 water-like components, 4 components – water-like or in the oil phase, 6 components – water-like, in the oil or gas phases. Solid phase (coke) is also enable. Component name Water Asphaltenes Light oil CO2 N2 / CO Oxygen Coke Example MODEL 7 6 4 1 COMPNAME 'Water' 'Coke'
13.5.9. COMPNAME
'
Water 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Asphaltenes'
'
Oil 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
Gas 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
Light Oil'
Solid phase 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
'
CO2'
'
N2CO'
'
Oxygen'
1737
13.5. Component properties
13.5.10
tNavigator-4.2
PRSR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies the reference pressure (SI :kPa, FIELD: psi). The reference pressure corresponds to the densities entered via the keywords MOLDEN (see 13.5.14), MASSDEN (see 13.5.15), SOLID_DEN. The reference pressure is used in the formulas: 4.7, 4.11 and 4.19 (component phase density calculations). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues PREF (see 12.14.29), SPREF (see 12.14.23).
Example PRSR 101 In this example reference pressure is equal to 101.
13.5.10. PRSR
1738
13.5. Component properties
13.5.11
tNavigator-4.2
TEMR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies the reference temperature (SI: C , FIELD: F ). The reference temperature corresponds to the densities entered via the keywords MOLDEN (see 13.5.14), MASSDEN (see 13.5.15), SOLID_DEN. The reference temperature is used in the formulas: 4.7, 4.11, 4.19 (component phase density calculations), 4.42, 4.45, 4.50, 4.51, 4.24. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues TREF (see 12.14.32), STREF (see 12.14.25).
Example TEMR 70 In this example reference temperature is equal to 101.
13.5.11. TEMR
1739
13.5. Component properties
13.5.12
tNavigator-4.2
PSURF
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the standard pressure (that corresponds to surface conditions) for calculation od gas, oil, water volumes at surface conditions (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). Default: (SI:) 101kPa = (FIELD:) 14.65 psi. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue STCOND (see 12.13.8).
13.5.12. PSURF
1740
13.5. Component properties
13.5.13
tNavigator-4.2
TSURF
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the standard temperature (that corresponds to surface conditions) for calculation od gas, oil, water volumes at surface conditions (SI: K , FIELD: F ). Default: (SI:) 290K = (FIELD:) 62F . The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue STCOND (see 12.13.8).
13.5.13. TSURF
1741
13.5. Component properties
13.5.14 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
MOLDEN x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the component molar density (SI: gmol/m3 , FIELD: lbmol/ f t 3 ) at reference temperature TEMR (see 13.5.11) and reference pressure PRSR (see 13.5.10). The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The component molar density is used in the formulas 4.7, 4.11. Component mass density (MASSDEN (see 13.5.15)) is equal to the product of the component molar density and molecular mass.
13.5.14. MOLDEN
1742
13.5. Component properties
13.5.15 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
MASSDEN x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the component mass density (SI: kg/m3 , FIELD: lb/ f t 3 ) at reference temperature TEMR (see 13.5.11) and reference pressure PRSR (see 13.5.10). The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The component mass density is used in the formulas 4.7, 4.11. Component mass density is equal to the product of the component molar density (MOLDEN (see 13.5.14)) and molecular mass. Example MODEL 3 3 3 1 MASSDEN 982.12 964.17 267.25 This example sets the component mass density for 3 components (the number of components in the oil and water phases – 3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)).
13.5.15. MASSDEN
1743
13.5. Component properties
13.5.16
tNavigator-4.2
CP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the component compressibility (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi), which is used in water mass and molar density calculations 4.7 and oil mass and molar density calculations 4.11. The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue CREF (see 12.14.31).
Example MODEL 3 3 3 1 CP 6.28e-007 3.7e-006 3.7e-006 This example sets the component compressibility for 3 components (the number of components in the oil and water phases – 3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)).
13.5.16. CP
1744
13.5. Component properties
13.5.17
tNavigator-4.2
CT1
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the first thermal expansion coefficient (SI: 1/C , FIELD: 1/F ) for each component. This coefficient is used in water mass and molar density calculations 4.7 and oil mass and molar density calculations 4.11. The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue THERMEX1 (see 12.14.26).
Example MODEL 3 3 3 1 CT1 0.0006643 4.8977e-006 4.3512e-006 This example sets the first thermal expansion coefficient for 3 components (the number of components in the oil and water phases – 3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)).
13.5.17. CT1
1745
13.5. Component properties
13.5.18
tNavigator-4.2
CT2
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the second thermal expansion coefficient (SI: 1/C2 , FIELD: 1/F 2 ) for each component. This coefficient is used in water mass and molar density calculations 4.7 and oil mass and molar density calculations 4.11. Total thermal expansion coefficient is equal to ck,1,T + T ∗ ck,2,T The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an analogue THERMEX2 (see 12.14.27), which is used in tNavigator. There are no Eclipse compatible analogues.
Example MODEL 3 3 3 1 CT2 0.00006643 4.8977e-007 4.3512e-007 This example sets the second thermal expansion coefficient for 3 components (the number of components in the oil and water phases – 3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)).
13.5.18. CT2
1746
13.5. Component properties
13.5.19
tNavigator-4.2
CPT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the coefficient of density dependence on temperature and pressure (SI: 1/kPa − C , FIELD: 1/psi − F ) for each component. This coefficient is used in water mass and molar density calculations 4.7 and oil mass and molar The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an analogue THERMEX3 (see 12.14.28), which is used in tNavigator. There are no Eclipse compatible analogues.
Example MODEL 3 3 3 1 0.000006643 4.8977e-006 4.3512e-006 This example sets the coefficient of density dependence on temperature and pressure for 3 components (the number of components in the oil and water phases – 3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)).
13.5.19. CPT
1747
13.5. Component properties
13.5.20
tNavigator-4.2
PCRIT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the component critical pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) which is used in gas mass and gas molar density calculations 4.16. The same number of values as the number of components in the oil, water or gas phases (2-nd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PCRIT (see 12.13.19). The difference is that Eclipse compatible PCRIT doesn’t contain water critical pressure.
Example MODEL 3 3 3 1 PCRIT 0 0 4326 This example sets the component critical pressure for 3 components (the number of components in the oil, water or gas phases – 2-nd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)).
13.5.20. PCRIT
1748
13.5. Component properties
13.5.21
tNavigator-4.2
TCRIT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the component critical temperature (SI: C , FIELD: F ) which is used in gas mass and gas molar density calculations 4.16. The same number of values as the number of components in the oil, water or gas phases (2-nd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue TCRIT (see 12.13.17). The difference is that Eclipse compatible TCRIT doesn’t contain water critical temperature.
Example MODEL 3 3 3 1 TCRIT 0 0 -79.22 This example sets the component critical temperature for 3 components (the number of components in the oil, water or gas phases – 2-nd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)).
13.5.21. TCRIT
1749
13.5. Component properties
13.5.22 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
SOLID_DEN x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the properties of component k in the solid phase that are used in the molar density calculations 4.19. For each component the data should be entered in the following format: 1. 'component name' k (the number of component and component names are set via MODEL (see 13.5.4), COMPNAME (see 13.5.9)); 2. density of component k (kg/m3 ) at reference pressure PRSR (see 13.5.10) and reference temperature TEMR (see 13.5.11); 3. ck,p – compressibility of the component k (1/kPa); 4. ck,T – thermal expansion coefficient for component k (1/C ); 5. ck,pT – the coefficient of density dependence on temperature and pressure (1/kPa −C ). The keyword has Eclipse compatible analogues SDREF (see 12.14.22), SCREF (see 12.14.24), STHERMX1 (see 12.14.20). For the parameter ck,pT tNavigator uses this keyword STHERMX2 (see 12.14.21).
13.5.22. SOLID_DEN
1750
13.5. Component properties
13.5.23 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
SOLID_CP x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the properties of component k in the solid phase that are used in the solid phase enthalpy calculations 4.50. For each component the data should be entered in the following format: 1. 'component name' k (the number of component and component names are set via MODEL (see 13.5.4), COMPNAME (see 13.5.9)); 2. coefficient CP1,c (SI: J/gmol −C , FIELD: Btu/lbmol − F ); 3. coefficient CP2,c (SI: J/gmol −C2 , FIELD: Btu/lbmol − F 2 ); This keyword is analogous to SPECHS (see 12.14.66), SPECHT (see 12.14.67) which are used in tNavigator. Example SOLID_CP 'Comp1' 0.52 0.0076
In this example CP1,c and CP2,c are specified for the component Comp1.
13.5.23. SOLID_CP
1751
13.5. Component properties
13.5.24 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
KVTABLIM x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the pressure and temperature range for Ki (p, T ) table. (Ki (p, T ) – the ratio of mole fractions of component in vapor and liquid phases.) These tables are used in the formulas of thermodynamic equilibrium condition 4.9. The table Ki (p, T ) is set via KVTABLE (see 13.5.25). The following parameters are to be specified: 1. The minimal value of pressure for Ki (p, T ) (kPa) – plow. 2. The maximal value of pressure for Ki (p, T ) (kPa) – phigh. 3. The minimal value of temperature for Ki (p, T ) ( ◦C ) – T low. 4. The maximal value of temperature for Ki (p, T ) ( ◦C ) – T high. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues KVTEMP (see 12.14.6), KVTABTn (see 12.14.7). tNavigator also uses the keyword KVTABLIM (see 12.14.8). An example of use of KVTABLIM (see 13.5.24) is given in the description of the keyword KVTABLE (see 13.5.25).
13.5.24. KVTABLIM
1752
13.5. Component properties
13.5.25 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
KVTABLE x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the table Ki (p, T ). (Ki (p, T ) – the ratio of mole fractions of component in vapor and liquid phases.) These tables are used in the formulas of thermodynamic equilibrium condition 4.9. The pressure and temperature range for Ki (p, T ) table is set via KVTABLIM (see 13.5.24). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues KVTEMP (see 12.14.6), KVTABTn (see 12.14.7). tNavigator also uses the keyword KVTABLIM (see 12.14.8). After KVTABLE one should specify the component k name in quotes ' '(the number of components and component names are set via MODEL (see 13.5.4), COMPNAME (see 13.5.9)) and the table for this component: K(T low, plow) . . . K(T low, phigh) ... ... ... K(T hight, plow) . . . K(T hight, phigh) Interpolation between table entries:
between two Ki (p, T ) for two adjacent pressures: Ki (p, T ) varies linearly with the coefficient 1/p;
between two non-zero Ki (p, T ) for two adjacent temperatures: ln(Ki (p, T )) varies linearly with the coefficient 1/T ;
between two Ki (p, T ) (one of the value entries is zero) for two adjacent temperatures: Ki (p, T ) varies linearly with the coefficient 1/T .
Example KVTABLIM 10 500 20 250 KVTABLE 'COMPONENT2' 0.0001 0.0008 0.01 0.09 In this example the Ki (p, T ) table for COMPONENT2 has 2 rows and 2 columns. The pressure varies within: 10 - 500 kPa, temperature varies within: 20 - 250 ◦C .
13.5.25. KVTABLE
1753
13.5. Component properties
13.5.26 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
KV1 / KV2 / KV3 / KV4 / KV5 x tNavigator
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These keywords specify the coefficients of the correlation formula ( 4.24): Ki (p, T ) = (Ai + Bi /p +Ci p) · e−Di /(T −Ei )
(13.1)
where Ai – KV3, Bi – KV1 (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi), Ci – KV2 (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi), −Di – KV4 (SI: C , FIELD: F ), Ei – KV5 (SI: C , FIELD: F ). After each keyword (KV1, ... , KV5) one should specify the same number of coefficients as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keywords have an Eclipse compatible analogue KVCR (see 12.14.4). 1-st parameter of KVCR (see 12.14.4) corresponds to KV3, 2-nd parameter – KV1, 3-rd parameter – KV2, 4-th parameter – KV4 (with opposite sign), 5-th parameter – KV5.
Example MODEL 3 3 3 1 KV1 0 0 185967 KV2 0 0 -2.34122e-007 KV3 0 0 15.4327 KV4 0 0 -633.552 KV5 0 0 -321.88 In this example the coefficients of the correlation formula are specified for 3 components.
13.5.26. KV1 / KV2 / KV3 / KV4 / KV5
1754
13.5. Component properties
13.5.27 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
CPL1 / CPL2 / CPL3 / CPL4 x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
These keywords specify the coefficients in the component liquid enthalpy calculations ( 4.43): 4 1 Hc,O (T ) = ∑ CPi,c (T − Tre f )i i=1 i where the coefficients: CP1,c – CPL1 (SI: kJ/kg/◦C , FIELD: Btu/lbmol/◦ F ), CP2,c – CPL2 (SI: kJ/kg/◦C2 , FIELD: Btu/lbmol/◦ F 2 ), CP3,c – CPL3 (SI: kJ/kg/◦C3 , FIELD: Btu/lbmol/◦ F 3 ), CP4,c – CPL4 (SI: kJ/kg/◦C4 , FIELD: Btu/lbmol/◦ F 4 ). Default values: CP1,c = 0.5Btu/lbmol/F = 0.5∗1.05506/0.453592∗1.8kJ/mol/C = 2.0934kJ/mol/C , the other coefficients – 0. After each keyword CPL1, CPL2, CPL3, CPL4 one should specify the same number of coefficients as the number of components in the oil, water or gas phases (2-nd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keywords CPL1, CPL2 have an Eclipse compatible analogues SPECHA (see 12.14.57), SPECHB (see 12.14.58). tNavigator also uses the keywords CP3,c = SPECHC (see 12.14.59), CP4,c = SPECHD (see 12.14.60).
Example CPL1 0.66 0.52 CPL2 0.0071 0.0054 CPL3 0.00062 0.00046 CPL4 0.000055 0.000078 In this example the coefficients of component liquid enthalpy formula are specified for 2 components.
13.5.27. CPL1 / CPL2 / CPL3 / CPL4
1755
13.5. Component properties
13.5.28 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4 x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
These keywords specify the coefficients in the component gas enthalpy calculations ( 4.47): 4 1 Hc,G (T ) = hc,G + ∑ CPi,c (T − Tre f )i i=1 i where the coefficients: hc,G – HVAPR (see 13.5.29), CP1,c – CPG1 (SI: kJ/kg/◦C , FIELD: Btu/lbmol/◦ F ), CP2,c – CPG2 (SI: kJ/kg/◦C2 , FIELD: Btu/lbmol/◦ F 2 ), CP3,c – CPG3 (SI: kJ/kg/◦C3 , FIELD: Btu/lbmol/◦ F 3 ), CP4,c – CPG4 (SI: kJ/kg/◦C4 , FIELD: Btu/lbmol/◦ F 4 ). (CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4 (see 13.5.28)) Default values: hc,G = 0.25Btu/lb/F = 0.25∗1.05506/0.453592∗1.8kJ/kg/C = 1.0467kJ/kg/C , CP1,c = 0.25Btu/lb/F = 1.0467kJ/kg/C , the other coefficients – 0. After each keyword CPG1, CPG2, CPG3, CPG4 one should specify the same number of coefficients as the number of components in the oil, water or gas phases (2-nd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keywords CPG1, CPG2 have an Eclipse compatible analogues SPECHG (see 12.14.61), SPECHH (see 12.14.62). tNavigator also uses the keywords CP3,c = SPECHI (see 12.14.63), CP4,c = SPECHJ (see 12.14.64).
Example CPG1 0.0066 0.0052 CPG2 0.00071 0.00054 CPG3 0.000062 0.000046 CPG4 0.0000055 0.0000078
13.5.28. CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4
1756
13.5. Component properties
tNavigator-4.2
In this example the coefficients of component gas enthalpy formula are specified for 2 components.
13.5.28. CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4
1757
13.5. Component properties
13.5.29
tNavigator-4.2
HVAPR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies the coefficients in the component gas enthalpy calculations ( 4.47): 4
1 CPi,c (T − Tre f )i i=1 i
Hc,G (T ) = hc,G + ∑
where the coefficients: hc,G – HVAPR (see 13.5.29), CP1,c – CPG1 (kJ/kg/◦C ), CP2,c – CPG2 (kJ/kg/◦C/◦C ), CP3,c – CPG3 (kJ/kg/◦C/◦C/◦C ), CP4,c – CPG4 (kJ/kg/◦C/◦C/◦C/◦C ). (CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4 (see 13.5.28)) Default values: hc,G = 0.25Btu/lb/F = 0.25∗1.05506/0.453592∗1.8kJ/kg/C = 1.0467kJ/kg/C , CP1,c = 0.25Btu/lb/F = 1.0467kJ/kg/C , the other coefficients – 0. After the keyword HVAPR one should specify the same number of coefficients as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue HEATVAPS (see 12.14.65).
Example HVAPR 3* In this example the coefficients hc,G of component gas enthalpy formula are specified on default for 3 components.
13.5.29. HVAPR
1758
13.5. Component properties
13.5.30
tNavigator-4.2
HVR
Data format
x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
These keywords specify the coefficients in the vaporization enthalpy calculations ( 4.44): HVc (T ) = Ac · (1 − T /Tc,crit )Bc = A0c (Tc,crit − T )Bc ,
Bc A0c = Ac /Tc,crit
where the coefficients: A0c – HVR (kJ/mol/C ), Bc – EV (see 13.5.31). Default values A0c = 0.25Btu/lbmol/F = 0.25∗1.05506/0.453592∗1.8kJ/mol/C = 1.0467kJ/mol/C , Bc = 0.38. Critical temperature of the component Tc,crit is specified via TCRIT (see 13.5.21). If HVc (T ) = 0 then T ≥ Tc,crit . After each keyword HVR and EV (see 13.5.31) one should specify the same number of coefficients as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue HEATVAP (see 12.14.13).
Example HVR 1.33 2.11 EV 0.42 0.39 In this example the coefficients of the vaporization enthalpy formula are specified for 2 components.
13.5.30. HVR
1759
13.5. Component properties
13.5.31
tNavigator-4.2
EV
Data format
x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
These keywords specify the coefficients in the vaporization enthalpy calculations ( 4.44): HVc (T ) = Ac · (1 − T /Tc,crit )Bc = A0c (Tc,crit − T )Bc ,
Bc A0c = Ac /Tc,crit
where the coefficients: A0c – HVR (see 13.5.30) (kJ/mol/C ), Bc – EV. Default values A0c = 0.25Btu/lbmol/F = 0.25∗1.05506/0.453592∗1.8kJ/mol/C = 1.0467kJ/mol/C , Bc = 0.38. Critical temperature of the component Tc,crit is specified via TCRIT (see 13.5.21). If HVc (T ) = 0 then T ≥ Tc,crit . After each keyword HVR (see 13.5.30) and EV one should specify the same number of coefficients as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue HEATVAPE (see 12.14.14).
Example HVR 1.33 2.11 EV 0.42 0.39 In this example the coefficients of the vaporization enthalpy formula are specified for 2 components.
13.5.31. EV
1760
13.5. Component properties
13.5.32 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
STOREAC x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
The keyword specifies the stoichiometric coefficients for all reactants in each chemical reaction as a line of numbers. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. Each line should contain the same number of values as the number of components (first parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)). If the component isn’t the reactant of the reaction one should enter zero. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue STOREAC (see 12.14.53). For the chemical reaction C3 H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2 O and five components there is an example: Example STOPROD 0 0 0 3 4 STOREAC 0 1 5 0 0 The reactants of this reaction are: the 2nd component (with the coefficient 1) and the 3rd component (with the coefficient 5). 1st component isn’t present in this reaction The products of this reaction are: the 4th component (with the coefficient 3) and the 5th component (with the coefficient 4).
13.5.32. STOREAC
1761
13.5. Component properties
13.5.33 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
STOPROD x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
The keyword specifies the stoichiometric coefficients for all products in each chemical reaction as a line of numbers. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. Each line should contain the same number of values as the number of components (first parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)). If the component isn’t the product of the reaction one should enter zero. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue STOPROD (see 12.14.52). For the chemical reaction C3 H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2 O and five components there is an example: Example STOPROD 0 0 0 3 4 STOREAC 0 1 5 0 0 The reactants of this reaction are: the 2nd component (with the coefficient 1) and the 3rd component (with the coefficient 5). 1st component isn’t present in this reaction The products of this reaction are: the 4th component (with the coefficient 3) and the 5th component (with the coefficient 4).
13.5.33. STOPROD
1762
13.5. Component properties
13.5.34 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
FREQFAC x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the reaction rate Ar of each chemical reaction. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue REACRATE (see 12.14.46).
Example FREQFAC 0.0000038 In this example reaction rate is equal to 0.0000038.
13.5.34. FREQFAC
1763
13.5. Component properties
13.5.35 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
FREQFACP x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets reaction rate Ar dependence on pressure pr as a table of 2 columns. In the first column pressure values are specifying (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). They should be increasing. In the second column values of reaction rate at corresponding pressure are specified. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords (STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc.). Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. Pressure values must be increasing. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue REACRATE (see 12.14.46).
Example FREQFACP 100 0.0000038 120 0.0000041 In the example the table of reaction rate dependent pressure is specified.
13.5.35. FREQFACP
1764
13.5. Component properties
13.5.36
tNavigator-4.2
EACT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
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The keyword sets the activation energy in chemical reaction rates Er of each chemical reaction (SI: J/gmol , FIELD: Btu/lbmol ). Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue REACACT (see 12.14.47).
Example EACT 18400 In this example activation energy is equal to 18400 J/gmol .
13.5.36. EACT
1765
13.5. Component properties
13.5.37
tNavigator-4.2
EACT_TAB
Data format
x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets activation energy of reactions values dependence on temperature. The following parameters should be specified:
at the same line with the keyword: 1. the number of a table row, where values of reference temperature and energy are specified;
in the following lines a table is specified. In each line the following parameters should be specified: 1. temperature value (SI: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ); 2. value of activation energy (SI: J/gmol , FIELD: Btu/lbmol ).
Default:
if keywords EACT (see 13.5.36) and EACT_TAB are absent, then reaction is independable on temperature. It is equal to EACT 0.
Example EACT_TAB 3 100 180000.8 120 187819.7 140 190000.0 In the example the keyword EACT_TAB sets activation energy of reactions values dependence on temperature. Reference temperature and energy are specified in a 3-rd row.
13.5.37. EACT_TAB
1766
13.5. Component properties
13.5.38
tNavigator-4.2
RENTH
Data format Section
x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the reaction enthalpy Hr of each chemical reaction (SI: J/gmol , FIELD: Btu/lbmol ). Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPRODCMG (see 12.14.52), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue REACENTH (see 12.14.56).
Example EACT 15200 In this example reaction enthalpy is equal to 15200 J/gmol .
13.5.38. RENTH
1767
13.5. Component properties
13.5.39 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
RORDER x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
The keyword specifies the order of component terms Nr of each chemical reaction as a line of numbers. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. Each line should contain the same number of values as the number of components (first parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)). If the reaction rate doesn’t depend of the component concentration one should enter zero. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogues REACCORD (see 12.14.48), REACSORD (see 12.14.55).
Example RORDER 0 0 1 1 0 0 In this example there are 6 components. The rate of this reaction depends (linearly) of the concentration of 3rd and 4th components.
13.5.39. RORDER
1768
13.5. Component properties
13.5.40 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
RPHASE x tNavigator
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x STARS x Component Well
The keyword sets the component phase in each chemical reaction. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. Each line should contain the same number of values as the number of components (first parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)). The values could be the following:
0 component doesn’t react;
1 component reacts in water phase;
2 component reacts in oil phase;
3 component reacts in gas phase;
4 component reacts in solid phase.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue REACPHA (see 12.14.54).
Example RPHASE 0 0 2 3 3 4 In this example there are 6 components. 1-st and 2-nd component doesn’t react, 3-rd component reacts in oil phase, 4-th and 5-th – gas phase, 6-th – solid phase.
13.5.40. RPHASE
1769
13.5. Component properties
13.5.41
tNavigator-4.2
RTEMUPR
Data format
x tNavigator
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The keyword sets the maximal temperature Tu (SI: C , FIELD: F ), which is used in the reaction rate calculations 4.67. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue REACLIMS (see 12.14.49).
Example RTEMUPR 230 In this example the maximal temperature is equal to 230 ◦ C.
13.5.41. RTEMUPR
1770
13.5. Component properties
13.5.42 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
RTEMLOWR x tNavigator
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The keyword sets the minimal temperature Tl (SI: C , FIELD: F ), which is used in the reaction rate calculations 4.67. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue REACLIMS (see 12.14.49).
Example RTEMLOWR 120 In this example the minimal temperature is equal to 120 ◦ C.
13.5.42. RTEMLOWR
1771
13.5. Component properties
13.5.43 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
RXCRITCON x tNavigator
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The keyword sets the critical value of reactant concentration (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi, if the pressure is used or SI: gmol/m3 , FIELD: lbmol/ f t 3 , if the concentration is used), which is used in the reaction rate calculations 4.67. Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. The data should be entered in the following format: component name';
'
critical value of concentration.
The keyword has an analogue REACCONC (see 12.14.50), which is used in tNavigator. There are no Eclipse compatible analogues.
Example RXCRITCON 'comp1'
0.00022
In this example the critical value of comp1 concentration is equal to 0.00022.
13.5.43. RXCRITCON
1772
13.5. Component properties
13.5.44
tNavigator-4.2
O2PP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
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The keyword sets that the gas partial pressure will be used in calculations of c0ri in the formula 4.69. The keyword O2PP is used only for components in gas phase (if the 'component name' is entered) and is the default value for oxygen (if the 'component name' is not entered). Full description of chemical reactions is in the section 4.29. The number of reaction (for which all properties are specified) is not set explicitly. So for first reaction all keywords STOPROD (see 13.5.33), STOREAC (see 12.14.53), FREQFAC (see 13.5.34), RENTH (see 13.5.38) etc. should appear as a group. Then for second reaction all these keywords should appear, for third reaction, etc. The keyword is analogous to GPP in Eclipse compatible keyword REACPHA (see 12.14.54).
Example O2PP In this example in calculations of c0ri will be used oxygen partial pressure.
13.5.44. O2PP
1773
13.5. Component properties
13.5.45 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
VSTYPE x tNavigator
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The keyword is used to define multiple viscosity regions. The keyword specifies for each grid block the number of viscosity region to which it belongs. Only the number of viscosity region that has been defined earlier via VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46) is allowed. Default: all grid blocks belong to one region. The keyword is analogous to VISCNUM (see 12.4.20), which is used in tNavigator.
Example VISCTYPE 1 ... VISCTYPE 2 ... VSTYPE 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 There are two viscosity regions in this example.
13.5.45. VSTYPE
1774
13.5. Component properties
13.5.46 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
VISCTYPE x tNavigator
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GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword is used to define multiple viscosity regions. This keyword sets the number of viscosity region the following viscosity properties are assigned to. Viscosity data: AVISC (see 13.5.51), BVISC (see 13.5.52), VISCTABLE (see 13.5.53), VSMIXCOMP (see 13.5.54), VSMIXCOMP (see 13.5.54), VSMIXFUNC (see 13.5.56), AVG (see 13.5.57), BVG (see 13.5.58). The keyword VSTYPE (see 13.5.45) specifies for each grid block the number of viscosity region to which it belongs. Example VISCTYPE 1 AVISC 0.4 0.5 0.6 BVISC 12 18 20 AVG 0.00022 0.00017 BVG 0.8 0.7 ... VISCTYPE 2 AVISC 0.3 0.51 0.62 BVISC 14 17 21 AVG 0.00022 0.00017 BVG 0.8 0.7 ... VSTYPE 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 There are two viscosity regions in this example.
13.5.46. VISCTYPE
1775
13.5. Component properties
13.5.47
tNavigator-4.2
VISCOR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets type of correlation to calculate hydrocarbon phase viscosities. The following parameters should be specified: 1. correlation type:
HZYT – Herning and Zipperer and Yoon and Thodos correlation formulas;
PEDERSEN – Pedersen correlation (keyword PEDERSEN (see 12.13.52)).
Example VISCOR HZYT
13.5.47. VISCOR
1776
13.5. Component properties
13.5.48
tNavigator-4.2
VISVC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
This keyword specify critical volumes (which will be used for viscosity calculation only) for each component of a compositional model. The following parameters should be specified: 1. critical volume for each component (METRIC: m3 /kg.M , SI: f t 3 /lb.M ). This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue VCRITVIS (see 12.13.23). Example VISVC 5.350000E-01 5.340000E-01 4.320000E-01 3.890000E-01
13.5.48. VISVC
1777
13.5. Component properties
13.5.49 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
VISCOEFF x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets correlation coefficients. If PEDERSEN is set in VISCOR (see 13.5.47), then this keyword sets Pedersen correlation coefficients; otherwise, Lorenz-Bray-Clark (LBCCOEF (see 12.13.36)) correlation coefficients are set. The following parameters should be specified: 1. 5 coefficients. This keyword has Eclipse compatible analogs PEDTUNE (see 12.13.53) and LBCCOEF (see 12.13.36). Example VISCOEFF 1 1 1.847 0.5173 7.378E-3
13.5.49. VISCOEFF
1778
13.5. Component properties
13.5.50
tNavigator-4.2
MIXVC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets exponent in the critical volume mixing rule used to calculate the Jossi, Stiel and Thodos correlation. The following parameters should be specified: 1. exponent value. Default: 1. Example MIXVC 1.1
13.5.50. MIXVC
1779
13.5. Component properties
13.5.51
tNavigator-4.2
AVISC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies coefficients in water and oil viscosity correlation formulas AW ( 4.30) and A0k ( 4.32). BW and B0k are specified via BVISC (see 13.5.52). The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. Different values can be entered for different viscosity regions (see an example in the description of VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46)). In e300 data format the coefficients of correlations are set via OILVISCC (see 12.14.41). Grabovski correlation is used in water viscosity calculations 4.29. Example AVISC 0.4 0.5 0.6 BVISC 12 18 20 In this example correlation coefficients are specified for 3 components.
13.5.51. AVISC
1780
13.5. Component properties
13.5.52
tNavigator-4.2
BVISC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies coefficients in water and oil viscosity correlation formulas BW ( 4.30) and B0k ( 4.32). AW and A0k are specified via AVISC (see 13.5.51). The same number of values as the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. Different values can be entered for different viscosity regions (see an example in the description of VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46)). In e300 data format the coefficients of correlations are set via OILVISCC (see 12.14.41). Grabovski correlation is used in water viscosity calculations 4.29. Example AVISC 0.4 0.5 0.6 BVISC 12 18 20 In this example correlation coefficients are specified for 3 components.
13.5.52. BVISC
1781
13.5. Component properties
13.5.53
tNavigator-4.2
VISCTABLE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies the table viscosity-versus-temperature dependence (water viscosity – 4.30, oil viscosity 4.32). This table can specify the viscosity-versus-temperature-pressure dependence. Temperature dependence. One should enter a table. Each row of this table consists of parameters:
temperature (SI: C , FIELD: F );
viscosity for each component at this temperature (SI, FIELD: cp), (number of values should be equal to the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)))
Temperature and pressure dependence. One should enter a set of tables (one table for each pressure value): 1. keyword VISCTABLE; 2. keyword ATPRES; 3. pressure value (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi); 4. a table. Each row of this table consists of parameters:
temperature (SI: C , FIELD: F );
viscosity for each component at this temperature (SI, FIELD: cp), (number of values should be equal to the number of components in the oil or water phases (3-rd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)))
Different values can be entered for different viscosity regions (see an example in the description of VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46)). In e300 data format water viscosity as a function of temperature is specified via the keyword WATVISCT (see 12.14.39), oil viscosity – OILVISCT (see 12.14.40). Example 1.
13.5.53. VISCTABLE
1782
13.5. Component properties
tNavigator-4.2
Example VISCTABLE 7 1.45 116456 1199 49 0.77 720 9.2 115 0.31 19.4 0.19 221 0.16 1.12 0.02 309 0.08 0.12 0.01 In this example viscosity values are specified for 3 components at 5 temperatures. Example 2. Example VISCTABLE ATPRES 300.000 50 0.00E+00 2.15E-02 1.20E-01 5.96E-02 4.14E-02 7.18E-02 110 0.00E+00 4.27E-02 1.54E-01 8.93E-02 4.28E-02 7.59E-02 200 0.00E+00 7.63E-02 1.91E-01 1.26E-01 1.47E-01 6.53E-02 320 0.00E+00 1.14E-01 2.17E-01 1.58E-01 1.71E-01 1.86E-01 410 0.00E+00 1.29E-01 2.19E-01 1.67E-01 1.75E-01 1.84E-01 440 0.00E+00 1.32E-01 2.17E-01 1.67E-01 1.74E-01 1.82E-01 530 0.00E+00 1.46E-01 2.33E-01 1.81E-01 1.85E-01 1.90E-01 620 0.00E+00 1.59E-01 2.39E-01 1.91E-01 1.92E-01 1.94E-01 ATPRES 600.000 50 0.00E+00 2.45E-02 1.26E-01 1.94E-02 4.49E-02 7.76E-02 110 0.00E+00 4.64E-02 1.64E-01 9.64E-02 4.48E-02 7.81E-02 200 0.00E+00 9.02E-02 2.10E-01 1.43E-01 3.57E-02 7.82E-02 320 0.00E+00 1.21E-01 2.24E-01 1.66E-01 1.80E-01 1.96E-01 410 0.00E+00 1.32E-01 2.18E-01 1.69E-01 1.78E-01 1.88E-01 440 0.00E+00 1.36E-01 2.18E-01 1.71E-01 1.79E-01 1.88E-01 530 0.00E+00 1.06E-01 1.60E-01 1.28E-01 1.32E-01 1.37E-01 620 0.00E+00 1.19E-01 1.74E-01 1.42E-01 1.44E-01 1.46E-01 In this example the dependence between viscosity and temperature and pressure is specified for 6 components.
13.5.53. VISCTABLE
1783
13.5. Component properties
13.5.54 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
VSMIXCOMP x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies the function fk (x) (which is used in oil viscosity calculations – 4.32). Function fk (x) should be specified via 3 keywords:
VSMIXCOMP (see 13.5.54): 'component name';
VSMIXENDP (see 13.5.55): minimal and maximum values of x (in a range from 0 to 1);
VSMIXFUNC (see 13.5.56): 11 values of fk (x).
Different values can be entered for different viscosity regions (see an example in the description of VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46)). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue OILVINDX (see 12.14.42). tNavigator also uses the keyword OILVINDT (see 12.14.43).
Example VSMIXCOMP 'Comp1' VSMIXENDP 0 0.40 VSMIXFUNC 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.40
In this example fk (x) is specified for component Comp1.
13.5.54. VSMIXCOMP
1784
13.5. Component properties
13.5.55 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
VSMIXENDP x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies the function fk (x) (which is used in oil viscosity calculations – 4.32). Function fk (x) should be specified via 3 keywords:
VSMIXCOMP (see 13.5.54): 'component name';
VSMIXENDP (see 13.5.55): minimal and maximum values of x (in a range from 0 to 1);
VSMIXFUNC (see 13.5.56): 11 values of fk (x).
Different values can be entered for different viscosity regions (see an example in the description of VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46)). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue OILVINDX (see 12.14.42). tNavigator also uses the keyword OILVINDT (see 12.14.43).
Example VSMIXCOMP 'Comp1' VSMIXENDP 0 0.40 VSMIXFUNC 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.40
In this example fk (x) is specified for component Comp1.
13.5.55. VSMIXENDP
1785
13.5. Component properties
13.5.56 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
VSMIXFUNC x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies the function fk (x) (which is used in oil viscosity calculations – 4.32). Function fk (x) should be specified via 3 keywords:
VSMIXCOMP (see 13.5.54): 'component name';
VSMIXENDP (see 13.5.55): minimal and maximum values of x (in a range from 0 to 1);
VSMIXFUNC (see 13.5.56): 11 values of fk (x).
Different values can be entered for different viscosity regions (see an example in the description of VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46)). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue OILVINDX (see 12.14.42). tNavigator also uses the keyword OILVINDT (see 12.14.43).
Example VSMIXCOMP 'Comp1' VSMIXENDP 0 0.40 VSMIXFUNC 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.40
In this example fk (x) is specified for component Comp1.
13.5.56. VSMIXFUNC
1786
13.5. Component properties
13.5.57
tNavigator-4.2
AVG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies coefficients Ak in gas viscosity correlation formulas 4.35. Bk are specified via BVG (see 13.5.58). The same number of values as the number of components in the oil, water or gas phases (2-nd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. Different values can be entered for different viscosity regions (see an example in the description of VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46)). In e300 data format the coefficients of correlations are set via GASVISCF (see 12.14.45). Example AVG 0.00022 0.00017 BVG 0.8 0.7 In this example correlation coefficients are specified for 2 components.
13.5.57. AVG
1787
13.5. Component properties
13.5.58
tNavigator-4.2
BVG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
This keyword specifies coefficients Bk in gas viscosity correlation formulas 4.35. Ak are specified via AVG (see 13.5.57). The same number of values as the number of components in the oil, water or gas phases (2-nd parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. Different values can be entered for different viscosity regions (see an example in the description of VISCTYPE (see 13.5.46)). In e300 data format the coefficients of correlations are set via GASVISCF (see 12.14.45). Example AVG 0.00022 0.00017 BVG 0.8 0.7 In this example correlation coefficients are specified for 2 components.
13.5.58. BVG
1788
13.5. Component properties
13.5.59
tNavigator-4.2
CMM
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword specifies component molecular weight (SI: kg/gmol , FIELD: lb/lbmol ), which is used in gas viscosity calculations 4.36 The same number of values as the number of components (1-st parameter of MODEL (see 13.5.4)) should be specified. In e300 data format molecular weight of hydrocarbon components is specified via the keyword MW (see 12.13.27), molecular weight of water components – MWW. Example CMM 0.011 0.35 0.05614 In this example molecular weight of 3 components is specified.
13.5.59. CMM
1789
13.5. Component properties
13.5.60 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GASD-ZCOEF x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword is specifies the method of gas density calculations. Navigator supports implicit method only. Parameter IMPLICIT should be specified after the keyword.
13.5.60. GASD-ZCOEF
1790
13.5. Component properties
13.5.61 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
GASLIQKV x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS x Component Well
The keyword specifies the tables of K-values to manage equilibration of gas-liquid phase. This tables are specified by keywords KVTABLIM (see 12.14.8) and KVTABLE (see 12.13.16). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue KVTABLE (see 12.13.16). Example INUNIT FIELD ... GASLIQKV KVTABLIM 1.4500E+01 2.1895E+03 6.0000E+01 7.1000E+02 KVTABLE ’N2C1’ 2.0442E+02 2.1225E+00 4.3737E+02 1.3944E+00 In the example the table of K-values for component N2C1 is specified.
13.5.61. GASLIQKV
1791
13.5. Component properties
13.5.62
tNavigator-4.2
COT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets compressibility oil, co , dependence on pressure, P, and on bubble pressure Pbub in particular. This dependence is used to calculate oil formation volume factor, Bo , which is given by: Bo (P) = Bo (Pbub ) · (1 − co (P) · (P − Pbub )) The following parameters should be specified:
in the same line with the keyword: 1. oil compressibility PVT-region number.
in the following lines table is set. Each line of it should contain the following parameters: 1. pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). The first value in this column is bubble pressure value in specified PVT-region. Pressure values should be strictly increasing from line to line; 2. oil compressibility value at this pressure (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi).
The keyword BOT (see 13.5.64) allows to set oil formation volume factor explicitly, as a table. Example COT 1 4889 32.11e-6 5250 30.27e-6 5750 27.62e-6 6251 24.82e-6 6750 21.93e-6 7001 20.45e-6 In the example the keyword COT (see 13.5.62) sets oil compressibility dependence on pressure in the 1-st PVT-region.
13.5.62. COT
1792
13.5. Component properties
13.5.63
tNavigator-4.2
CO
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets constant oil compressibility value, co , for pressure values which are greater than bubble pressure value, Pbub . These values are used to calculate oil formation volume factor, Bo , which is given by: Bo (P) = Bo (Pbub ) · (1 − co · (P − Pbub )). The following parameters should be specified: 1. oil compressibility value for pressure values which are greater than bubble pressure value (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi). Via the keyword COT (see 13.5.62) it is available to set oil compressibility dependence on pressure. The keyword BOT (see 13.5.64) allows to set oil formation volume factor explicitly, as a table. Example CO 9.2810E-6 In the example via the keyword CO (see 13.5.63) oil compressibility value for pressure values greater than bubble pressure is set. It is equal to 9.2810 ×10−6 /psi.
13.5.63. CO
1793
13.5. Component properties
13.5.64
tNavigator-4.2
BOT
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets oil formation volume factor, Bo , dependence on pressure, P, and on bubble pressure Pbub in particular. The following parameters should be specified:
in the same line with the keyword: 1. oil compressibility PVT-region number.
in the following lines table is specified. Each line should contain the following parameters: 1. pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). The first value in this column is bubble pressure value in specified PVT-region. Values should be increasing from line to line; 2. oil formation volume factor value at this pressure (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi).
Example BOT 1 2501.7 1.35953 3000.0 1.35130 3500.0 1.34543 In the example the keyword BOT (see 13.5.64) sets oil formation volume factor dependence on pressure.
13.5.64. BOT
1794
13.5. Component properties
13.5.65
tNavigator-4.2
CVO
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets constant oil viscosity value µoconst . This value is used to calculate oil viscosity values at pressure values which are greater than bubble pressure value, Pbub , by the following formula: µo (P) = µo + µoconst · (P − Pbub ), where µo is oil viscosity value at Pbub value. The following parameters should be specified: 1. oil viscosity value (SI: mPa − s/kPa, FIELD: cp/psi). The keyword VOT (see 13.5.66) allows to set oil viscosity dependence on pressure explicitly, as a table. Example CVO 4.6000E-5 In the example oil viscosity value is 4.6000 ×10−5 .
13.5.65. CVO
1795
13.5. Component properties
13.5.66
tNavigator-4.2
VOT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets oil viscosity dependence on pressure, on bubble pressure in particular, as a table. The following parameters should be specified:
in the same line with the keyword: 1. oil viscosity PVT-region.
in the following lines table is set. Each line should contain the following parameters: 1. pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). The first value in this column is bubble pressure value in specified PVT-region. Values should be increasing from line to line; 2. oil viscosity value at this pressure value (SI: 1/kPa, FIELD: 1/psi).
Example VOT 1 32.2 5.40 102.3 5.44 505.1 6.03 1503.4 9.04 2011.3 11.41 3000.0 18.06 3500.0 22.63 In the example the keyword VOT (see 13.5.66) sets oil viscosity dependence on pressure. Bubble pressure Pbub – the first value in the first column – is 32.2 psi.
13.5.66. VOT
1796
13.5. Component properties
13.5.67
tNavigator-4.2
IDEALGAS
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
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x IMEX
STARS
Input
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Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword specifies that gas-phase density is obtained from the ideal gas law. Note. Only one of IDEALGAS (see 13.5.67) and PCRIT (see 12.13.19) can be specified in the model. Example IDEALGAS
13.5.67. IDEALGAS
1797
13.5. Component properties
13.5.68
tNavigator-4.2
EOSSET
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets index number of a new EoS region. The following parameters should be specified: 1. index number of EoS region. In the following lines component properties should be specified (keywords MW (see 12.13.27), PCRIT (see 12.13.19), VCRIT (see 12.13.21), TCRIT (see 12.13.17), ZCRIT (see 12.13.24), BIN (see 13.5.70), PCHOR (see 13.5.71), AC (see 13.5.72), OMEGA (see 13.5.73), OMEGB (see 13.5.73), VSHIFT (see 13.5.74) and others). Example EOSSET 1 ...
13.5.68. EOSSET
1798
13.5. Component properties
13.5.69 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
EOSTYPE x tNavigator
Section
E300
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E100
IMEX
STARS
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Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every grid block specifying the equation of state region (EoS region) to which it belongs. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue EOSNUM (see 12.4.21). Default: each grid block belongs to the 1-st EoS region. Example EOSTYPE 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 This example defines disposition of four equation of state regions for a 5x3x2 grid.
13.5.69. EOSTYPE
1799
13.5. Component properties
13.5.70
tNavigator-4.2
BIN
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
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Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets interaction coefficients for user components. The following parameters should be specified: 1. interaction coefficient. nuser·(2·nc−1−nuser) numbers should be specified. nc is the total 2 number of components, nuser the total number of user components. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue BIC (see 12.13.32). Default: 0. Example BIN D41 D42 D43 D51 D52 D53 D54 In the example in the model 5 components are set, 3 of them are user ones. Di j are real numbers which represent the interaction coefficients between component i and component j . There interaction coefficients between 4-th and 5-th and each other components are set.
13.5.70. BIN
1800
13.5. Component properties
13.5.71
tNavigator-4.2
PCHOR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
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E100
IMEX
STARS
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Reservoir
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Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword specifies component parachors. The following parameters should be specified: 1. component parachors. It is dimensionless value.The same number of values as the number of user components in the model should be entered. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PARACHOR (see 12.6.56). Example PCHOR 74.92 192.74 390.4 / In the example parachors are entered for 3 user components.
13.5.71. PCHOR
1801
13.5. Component properties
13.5.72
tNavigator-4.2
AC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
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E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword associates acentric factor with each user component of a compositional model. The following parameters should be specified: 1. acentric factor. N values should be entered, where N is the number of user components. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ACF (see 12.13.30). Example AC 0.225 0.132 0.385 In the example acentric factor values for 3 components are set.
13.5.72. AC
1802
13.5. Component properties
13.5.73
tNavigator-4.2
OMEGA / OMEGB
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
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E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keywords are used to overwrite values of Ωa0 and Ωb0 parameters of equation of state. One value should be specified for one component. These keywords have Eclipse compatible analogs OMEGAA (see 12.13.34) and OMEGAB (see 12.13.34). Default:
Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state: – Ωa0 = 0.45723553; – Ωb0 = 0.077796074;
SRK equation of state: – Ωa0 = 0.4274802; – Ωb0 = 0.08664035;
Example OMEGA 0.459 0.457 0.461 0.462 0.457 OMEGB 0.07791 0.07794 0.0777 0.0780 0.0777 In this example default values for 5 components will be overwritten.
13.5.73. OMEGA / OMEGB
1803
13.5. Component properties
13.5.74
tNavigator-4.2
VSHIFT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets the volume shifts to be applied to the equation of state molar volumes. The following parameters should be specified: 1. volume shift. It is a dimensionless value. nc numbers should be specified, where nc is the number of model components. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SSHIFT (see 12.13.41). Default: 0. Example VSHIFT 0.019066 -0.44122 -0.51069 -0.100732 -0.119513 In the example volume shift values are set for 5 components.
13.5.74. VSHIFT
1804
13.5. Component properties
13.5.75
tNavigator-4.2
VGUST
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets gas viscosity table dependence on pressure for condensate undersaturated gas. The following parameters should be specified:
in the same line the keyword is: 1. PVT region number.
in the following line the table with the following columns is specified: 1. dew point pressure of a new saturated gas mixture formed by reducing the oil. The first entry is the driest gas dew point pressure, the last entry is the original saturated gas dew point pressure (SI: kPa; FIELD: psi); 2. corresponding gas viscosity value (cp).
Example VGUST 1 101.32 0.016453 5000 0.016464 10000 0.016492
13.5.75. VGUST
1805
13.5. Component properties
13.5.76
tNavigator-4.2
PADSORP
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets polymer adsorption table. In each line of it two parameters are set: 1. polymer concentration (SI: kg/m3 ; FIELD: lb/ST B); 2. polymer adsorption level (SI: kg/m3 ; FIELD: lb/ST B). This keyword is required when polymer model is used (see the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4) and its parameter POLY). Description of polymer flood model is given in section Polymer flood in IMEX format. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PLYADS (see 12.8.17). Example PADSORP 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.042 0.300 0.083 0.450 0.125 0.600 0.166 0.750 0.208 0.900 0.250 1.050 0.291
13.5.76. PADSORP
1806
13.5. Component properties
13.5.77
tNavigator-4.2
PPERM
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets table of absolute permeability dependent polymer properties. Each line of it should contain the following parameters: 1. absolute permeability (mD); 2. maximum adsorption level (SI: kg/m3 ; FIELD: lb/ST B); 3. residual sorption level (i.e. the amount of polymer left in the rock after injected water washes some of the polymer away from the rock) (SI: kg/m3 ; FIELD: lb/ST B); 4. polymer accessible pore volume; 5. residual resistance rock factor (greater or equal to 1). This keyword is required when polymer model is used (see the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4) and its parameter POLY). Description of polymer flood model is given in section Polymer flood in IMEX format. Example PPERM 10.0 0.3 0.15 0.9 1.2 10000. 0.2 0.1 0.999 1.2
13.5.77. PPERM
1807
13.5. Component properties
13.5.78
tNavigator-4.2
PMIX
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets model of viscosity mixing solution. The following parameters should be specified: 1. model of viscosity mixing solution:
LINEAR – linear;
NONLINEAR – nonlinear;
TABLE – two column table is set: (a) ratio of local polymer concentration to the reference one (the keyword PREFCONC (see 13.5.79)); (b) ratio of polymer viscosity to water viscosity.
VELTABLE – tables of viscosity dependence on velocity and polymer concentration are set. In the next lines the following is set: (a) VWT vv – subkeyword VWT and velocity value vv. One table corresponds to each value (see description of the following parameter); (b) table which is analogous to the one from the TABLE parameter.
This keyword is required when polymer model is used (see the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4) and its parameter POLY). Description of polymer flood model is given in section Polymer flood in IMEX format. Example PMIX LINEAR
13.5.78. PMIX
1808
13.5. Component properties
13.5.79 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
PREFCONC x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets reference polymer concentration. The following parameters should be specified: 1. reference polymer concentration (SI: kg/m3 ; FIELD: lb/ST B). It is recommended that this value would be equal to or greater than polymer injection concentration value. This keyword is required when polymer model is used (see the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4) and its parameter POLY). Description of polymer flood model is given in section Polymer flood in IMEX format. Example PREFCONC 3.3
13.5.79. PREFCONC
1809
13.5. Component properties
13.5.80
tNavigator-4.2
PVISC
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets reference polymer viscosity value. The following parameters should be specified: 1. reference polymer viscosity value, i.e. polymer viscosity value at reference polymer concentration PREFCONC (see 13.5.79) (SI: mPa-s; FIELD: cp). This keyword is required when polymer model is used (see the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4) and its parameter POLY). Description of polymer flood model is given in section Polymer flood in IMEX format. Example PVISC 1.1
13.5.80. PVISC
1810
13.5. Component properties
13.5.81
tNavigator-4.2
INCOMP
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x Component Well
The keyword sets polymer concentration in injecting phase. The following parameters should be specified: 1. phase in which polymer is injecting:
WATER – water.
2. polymer concentration in the phase (SI: kg/m3 ; FIELD: lb/ST B). Default:
polymer concentration in the phase: 0.
This keyword is required when polymer model is used (see the keyword MODEL (see 13.5.4) and its parameter POLY). Description of polymer flood model is given in section Polymer flood in IMEX format. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WPOLYMER (see 12.18.151). Example INCOMP WATER 1.1
13.5.81. INCOMP
1811
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6
tNavigator-4.2
Rock-Fluid data
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
1812
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.1
tNavigator-4.2
ROCKFLUID
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input x Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword starts the ”Rock-Fluid data” section (13.6). Example ROCKFLUID
13.6.1. ROCKFLUID
1813
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.2
tNavigator-4.2
RPT
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input x Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword should be entered after the keyword ROCKFLUID. RPT sets the saturation function region number. After this number water-oil (SWT (see 13.6.3)) and liquid-gas (SLT (see 13.6.4)) permeability tables are entered. Then RTYPE (see 13.6.6) specifies for each grid block the number of saturation function region number to which it belongs. The data should be specified the following way: RPT number COPY oldnumber STONE1 (STONE2), where
number – saturation function region number;
COPY oldnumber – additional option: initializes saturation function region number which has the same rock-fluid properties as the saturation function region oldnumber (that properties were specified above for oldnumber region);
STONE1 (STONE2) – additional option: allows to use Stone model in relative permeability calculations: STONE1 or STONE2.
In the description of the keyword SLT (see 13.6.4) there is a common example for the keywords RPT, SWT (see 13.6.3) and SLT (see 13.6.4).
13.6.2. RPT
1814
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.3
tNavigator-4.2
SWT
Data format
x tNavigator E100 Input
Section
x Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies a smoothing method for table RP values and relative permeability table for water-oil system for one saturation function region (RPT (see 13.6.2) sets saturation function region number). In the line with the keyword smoothing type is specified: 1. SMOOTHEND – option to smooth table RP values via several interpolation types. The following interpolation types are supported:
LINEAR or OFF – linear interpolation;
QUAD – quadratic interpolation;
CUBIC – cubic interpolation.
This option has tNavigator special analogue – the keyword KRSMOOTH (see 12.6.59). In the following lines the table is specified. The table consists of arbitrary number of lines (two or more). Water saturation (the first parameter) should increase down the column. Each line has 4 parameters: 1. SW (water saturation) (this is argument value for functions below) 2. KRW (water permeability) (this is function krwo in 2.6) 3. KROW (oil permeability) (this is function krow in 2.6) 4. PCOW (oil-water capillary pressure) (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) (this is function Pcow in 2.15.2) The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWOF (see 12.6.1). Default:
SMOOTHEND: 1. in IMEX types models – QUAD; 2. in STARS types models – LINEAR.
In the description of the keyword SLT (see 13.6.4) there is a common example for the keywords RPT (see 13.6.2), SWT (see 13.6.3) and SLT (see 13.6.4).
13.6.3. SWT
1815
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.4
tNavigator-4.2
SLT
Data format
x tNavigator E100 Input
Section
x Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies a smoothing method for table RP values and relative permeability table for gas-oil system for one saturation function region (RPT (see 13.6.2) sets saturation function region number). In the line with the keyword smoothing type is specified: 1. SMOOTHEND – option to smooth table RP values via several interpolation types. The following interpolation types are supported:
LINEAR or OFF – linear interpolation;
QUAD – quadratic interpolation;
CUBIC – cubic interpolation.
This option has tNavigator special analogue – the keyword KRSMOOTH (see 12.6.59). In the following lines the table is specified. The table consists of arbitrary number of lines (two or more). Liquid saturation(the first parameter) should increase down the column. Each line has 4 parameters: 1. SL (liquid saturation) (this is argument value for functions below) 2. KRG (gas permeability) (this is function krgo in 2.6) 3. KROG (oil permeability) (this is function krog in 2.6) 4. PCOG (oil-gas capillary pressure) (this is function Pcog (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) in 2.15.1) The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGOF (see 12.6.2). Default:
SMOOTHEND: 1. in IMEX types models – QUAD; 2. in STARS types models – LINEAR.
13.6.4. SLT
1816
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
tNavigator-4.2
Example RPT 1 SWT 0.202 0 1 0.317 0.003 0.413 0.413 0.011 0.119 0.721 0.063 0.011 0.753 0.121 0 SLT 0.585 0.122 0 0.721 0.089 0.003 0.854 0.031 0.042 0.923 0.01 0.171 0.99 0 1 RPT 2 SWT 0.0 0.0 1.00 0 1 1.0 0.00 0 SLT 0.01 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.99 0.0 1.0 0.0
This example sets relative permeability tables SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4) for two saturation function regions (RPT 1, RPT 2).
13.6.4. SLT
1817
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.5
tNavigator-4.2
SGT
Data format
x tNavigator E100 Input
Section
x Rockfluid
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
GEM
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies a smoothing method for table RP values and relative permeability dependence table for gas-oil system on gas saturation for one saturation function region (RPT (see 13.6.2) sets saturation function region number). In the line with the keyword smoothing type is specified: 1. SMOOTHEND – option to smooth table RP values via several interpolation types. The following interpolation types are supported:
LINEAR or OFF – linear interpolation;
QUAD – quadratic interpolation;
CUBIC – cubic interpolation.
This option has tNavigator special analogue – the keyword KRSMOOTH (see 12.6.59). In the following lines the table is specified. The table consists of arbitrary number of lines (two or more). Gas saturation (the first parameter) should increase down the column. Each line has 4 parameters: 1. SG (gas saturation) (this is argument value for functions below) 2. KRG (gas permeability) (this is function krgo in 2.6) 3. KROG (oil permeability) (this is function krog in 2.6) 4. PCOG (oil-gas capillary pressure) (this is function Pcog (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) in 2.15.1) The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGOF (see 12.6.2). Default:
SMOOTHEND: QUAD.
13.6.5. SGT
1818
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
Example RPT 1 SGT 0.000 0.0000 0.020 0.0000 0.100 0.0617 0.205 0.1451 0.287 0.2111 0.335 0.2499 0.410 0.3107 0.533 0.4111 0.677 0.5867 0.800 0.9500
0.8000 0.7284 0.4847 0.2567 0.1393 0.0911 0.0403 0.0047 0.0000 0.0000
tNavigator-4.2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
This example sets table SGT (see 13.6.5) for one saturation function regions (RPT 1).
13.6.5. SGT
1819
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.6
tNavigator-4.2
RTYPE
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input x Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every grid block specifying the saturation function region to which it belongs. This keyword should be entered after the keyword RPT (see 13.6.2) and tables SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4) for all saturation function regions. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SATNUM (see 12.4.3). The keyword also has stars compatible analogue KRTYPE (see 13.6.7). Example RTYPE MATRIX ALL 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 RTYPE FRACTURE CON 4 In this example matrix blocks (MATRIX) belong to saturation function regions number 1, 2 and 3; fracture blocks (FRACTURE) belong to saturation function region number 4.
13.6.6. RTYPE
1820
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.7
tNavigator-4.2
KRTYPE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword is the full analogue of RTYPE (see 13.6.6).
13.6.7. KRTYPE
1821
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.8
tNavigator-4.2
KRTEMTAB
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword specifies temperature dependence for critical saturations and endpoints. This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4). The data should be specified for each saturation table region RPT (see 13.6.2). Data format: KRTEMTAB keyword(1) ... keyword(m) Where: keyword(1) ... keyword(m) – the keywords from the following list: SWR (see 13.6.9), SWCRIT (see 13.6.11), SOIRW (see 13.6.13), SGCON (see 13.6.15), SGR (see 13.6.17), SOIRG (see 13.6.19), SORW (see 13.6.21), SORG (see 13.6.23), KRWIRO (see 13.6.25), KRGCW (see 13.6.27), KROCW (see 13.6.29), PCGEND (see 13.6.31), PCWEND (see 13.6.33). Each table row consists of parameters:
temperature (SI: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F);
the value of keyword(1) at this temperature;
...
the value of keyword(m) at this temperature.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keywords in the list above (SWR (see 13.6.9), SWCRIT (see 13.6.11) etc), specify properties in whole saturation table region. To specify properties in each grid block, use the keywords BSWR (see 13.6.10), BSWCRIT (see 13.6.12), BSOIRW (see 13.6.14), BSGCON (see 13.6.16), BSGR (see 13.6.18), BSOIRG (see 13.6.20), BSORW (see 13.6.22), BSORG (see 13.6.24), BKRWIRO (see 13.6.26), BKRGCW (see 13.6.28), BKROCW (see 13.6.30), BPCGMAX (see 13.6.32), BPCWMAX (see 13.6.34).
13.6.8. KRTEMTAB
1822
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
tNavigator-4.2
Example RPT 1 SWT 0.30 0 1 1 0.35 0.005 0.5 0.9 0.60 0.036 0.01 0.3 0.74 0.121 0 0.01 SLT 0.65 0.14 0 0.0 0.72 0.039 0.01 0.0 0.89 0.01 0.178 0.0 0.99 0 1 0.0 KRTEMTAB SORW SOIRW PCWEND 0 0.311 0.311 0 50 0.3 0.3 0 100 0.14 0.14 14 200 0.049 0.049 44 300 0.023 0.023 76 400 0.02 0.02 99 RPT 2 SWT 0.04 0 1 0 0.96 1 0 0 SLT 0.04 1 0.0 0.0 0.96 0.0 1 0.0 KRTEMTAB SORW SOIRW 0 0.04 0.04 50 0.04 0.04 100 0.04 0.04 200 0.04 0.04 300 0.04 0.04 400 0.04 0.04 In this example critical saturations and endpoints versus temperature are specified for two saturation point regions (regions are set using RPT (see 13.6.2)).
13.6.8. KRTEMTAB
1823
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.9
tNavigator-4.2
SWR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SW L – minimal value of water saturation SW for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 2-nd parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BSWR (see 13.6.10).
13.6.9. SWR
1824
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.10
tNavigator-4.2
BSWR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SW L – minimal value of water saturation SW in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWL (see 12.6.27). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword SWR (see 13.6.9).
13.6.10. BSWR
1825
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.11 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
SWCRIT x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SWCR – maximal (critical) value of water saturation SW (for which krW (SW ) = 0) for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 3-rd parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BSWCRIT (see 13.6.12).
13.6.11. SWCRIT
1826
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.12 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
BSWCRIT x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SWCR – maximal (critical) value of water saturation SW (for which krW (SW ) = 0) in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWCR (see 12.6.30). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword SWCRIT (see 13.6.11).
13.6.12. BSWCRIT
1827
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.13
tNavigator-4.2
SOIRW
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SWU – maximal value of water saturation SW for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 4-th parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BSOIRW (see 13.6.14).
13.6.13. SOIRW
1828
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.14 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
BSOIRW x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SWU – maximal value of water saturation SW in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWU (see 12.6.34). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword SOIRW (see 13.6.13).
13.6.14. BSOIRW
1829
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.15
tNavigator-4.2
SGCON
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SGL – minimal value of gas saturation SG for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 5-th parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BSGCON (see 13.6.16).
13.6.15. SGCON
1830
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.16 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
BSGCON x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SGL – minimal value of gas saturation SG in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGL (see 12.6.29). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword SGCON (see 13.6.15).
13.6.16. BSGCON
1831
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.17
tNavigator-4.2
SGR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SGCR – maximal (critical) value of gas saturation SG (for which krG (SG ) = 0) for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 6-th parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BSGR (see 13.6.18).
13.6.17. SGR
1832
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.18
tNavigator-4.2
BSGR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SGCR – maximal (critical) value of gas saturation SG (for which krG (SG ) = 0) in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGCR (see 12.6.31). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword SGR (see 13.6.17).
13.6.18. BSGR
1833
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.19
tNavigator-4.2
SOIRG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SGU – maximal value of gas saturation SG for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 7-th parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BSOIRG (see 13.6.20).
13.6.19. SOIRG
1834
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.20 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
BSOIRG x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SGU – maximal value of gas saturation SG in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGU (see 12.6.35). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword SOIRG (see 13.6.19).
13.6.20. BSOIRG
1835
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.21
tNavigator-4.2
SORW
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SOWCR – maximal (critical) value of the function SO = 1 − SW − SGL , for which krOW (SW ) = 0 for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 8-th parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BSORW (see 13.6.22).
13.6.21. SORW
1836
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.22
tNavigator-4.2
BSORW
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SOWCR – maximal (critical) value of the function SO = 1 − SW − SGL , for which krOW (SW ) = 0 in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SOWCR (see 12.6.32). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword SORW (see 13.6.21).
13.6.22. BSORW
1837
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.23
tNavigator-4.2
SORG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SOGCR – maximal (critical) value of the function SO = 1 − SG − SW L , for which krOG (SG ) = 0 for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 9-th parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPTVT (see 12.14.69). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BSORG (see 13.6.24).
13.6.23. SORG
1838
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.24
tNavigator-4.2
BSORG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets SOGCR – maximal (critical) value of the function SO = 1 − SG − SW L , for which krOG (SG ) = 0 in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SOGCR (see 12.6.33). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword SORG (see 13.6.23).
13.6.24. BSORG
1839
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.25 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
KRWIRO x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets krW max – maximal value of water relative permeability krW (SW ) for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 2-nd parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENKRVT (see 12.14.70). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BKRWIRO (see 13.6.26).
13.6.25. KRWIRO
1840
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.26 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
BKRWIRO x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets krW max – maximal value of water relative permeability krW (SW ) in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue KRW (see 12.6.43). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword KRWIRO (see 13.6.25).
13.6.26. BKRWIRO
1841
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.27 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
KRGCW x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets krGmax – maximal value of gas relative permeability krG (SG ) for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 3-rd parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENKRVT (see 12.14.70). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BKRGCW (see 13.6.28).
13.6.27. KRGCW
1842
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.28 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
BKRGCW x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets krGmax – maximal value of gas relative permeability krG (SG ) in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue KRG (see 12.6.44). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword KRGCW (see 13.6.27).
13.6.28. BKRGCW
1843
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.29 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
KROCW x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets krOmax – maximal value of oil relative permeability (functions krOW (SW ) and krOG (SG )) for one saturation table region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 4-th parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENKRVT (see 12.14.70). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BKROCW (see 13.6.30).
13.6.29. KROCW
1844
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.30 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
BKROCW x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets krOmax – maximal value of oil relative permeability (functions krOW (SW ) and krOG (SG )) in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue KRO (see 12.6.42). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword KROCW (see 13.6.29).
13.6.30. BKROCW
1845
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.31 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
PCGEND x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets PCGmax – maximal value of gas capillary pressure PcOG (SG ) (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) for one saturation point region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 2-nd parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPCVT (see 12.14.71). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BPCGMAX (see 13.6.32).
13.6.31. PCGEND
1846
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.32 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
BPCGMAX x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets PCGmax – maximal value of gas capillary pressure PcOG (SG ) (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) in each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PCG (see 12.6.47). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword PCWEND (see 13.6.33). PCGEND (see 13.6.31).
13.6.32. BPCGMAX
1847
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.33 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
PCWEND x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets PCW max – maximal value of water capillary pressure PcOW (SW ) (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) for one saturation point region (RPT (see 13.6.2)). Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. The keyword is analogous to the 3-rd parameter of Eclipse compatible keyword ENPCVT (see 12.14.71). This keyword is used with KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8); in the description of KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8) there is an example of theirs usage. To specify properties in each grid block (not in saturation point region), use the keyword BPCWMAX (see 13.6.34).
13.6.33. PCWEND
1848
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.34 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
BPCWMAX x tNavigator
E300
MORE
GEM
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
x Rockfluid
x STARS
The keyword sets PCW max – maximal value of water capillary pressure PcOW (SW ) (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) in each grid blocks. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be entered. Detailed description of phase relative permeabilities scaling is in the section 4.35.2. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PCW (see 12.6.46). This keyword should be entered after the keywords SWT (see 13.6.3), SLT (see 13.6.4), KRTEMTAB (see 13.6.8). To specify properties in whole saturation table region (not in each grid block), use the keyword PCWEND (see 13.6.33).
13.6.34. BPCWMAX
1849
13.6. Rock-Fluid data
13.6.35
tNavigator-4.2
PTHRESHI / PTHRESHJ / PTHRESHK
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input x Rockfluid
E300
MORE
x IMEX
STARS
GEM
Reservoir
Other
Component
Initial
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets pressure gradient threshold for the flow between block (I, J, K) and another one connected to it in I + / J + / K + direction correspondingly. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pressure gradient threshold for each grid block (SI: kPa/m, FIELD: Psi/ f t ); Default:
pressure gradient threshold: 0.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue THPRES (see 12.15.7).
13.6.35. PTHRESHI / PTHRESHJ / PTHRESHK
1850
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7
tNavigator-4.2
Initial conditions
13.7. Initial conditions
1851
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.1
tNavigator-4.2
INITIAL
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword starts the section ”Initial conditions” (13.7). Example INITIAL
13.7.1. INITIAL
1852
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.2
tNavigator-4.2
VERTICAL
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
This option sets that pressures are obtained from hydrostatic equation and saturations – from capillary pressure tables. The option has these suboptions: VERTICAL DEPTH_AVE WATER_OIL EQUIL
DEPTH_AVE - block saturation is determined as average saturation over the depth interval stretched over the grid block. Thisoption uses information from the keywords DWOC (see 13.7.10), DGOC (see 13.7.11), SW (see 13.7.15), SO (see 13.7.13), SG (see 13.7.14).
WATER_OIL - perform gravity-capillary equilibrium initialization of a reservoir initially containing no gas.
EQUIL - during the simulation a pressure correction is added to each phase thus the reservoir initially is in gravitational equilibrium. Saturations are taken as average saturations over depth. Hence gravitational equilibrium isn’t established just by setting saturations from capillary pressure tables.
13.7.2. VERTICAL
1853
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.3
tNavigator-4.2
SWINIT
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets initial water saturation while maintaining gravity-capillary equilibrium generated by the DEPTH_AVE option (see the keyword VERTICAL (see 13.7.2)). This keyword can be used only with the keyword VERTICAL (see 13.7.2) and its option DEPTH_AVE. The following parameters should be specified: 1. initial water saturation for each cell. Default:
if for some cell SWINIT (see 13.7.3) value is not specified, then its initial water saturation is determined via option DEPTH_AVE or via keywords SW (see 13.7.15), SO (see 13.7.13) and SG (see 13.7.14).
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWATINIT (see 12.6.48).
Example *SWINIT CON 0.3 In the example initial water saturation of entire reservoir is 0.3.
13.7.3. SWINIT
1854
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.4
tNavigator-4.2
PB
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets initial bubble point pressure for each grid block (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PBUB (see 12.15.30). Example PB MATRIX CON 1200 PB FRACTURE CON 1200 This example sets initial bubble point pressure for matrix (MATRIX) and fracture (FRACTURE) blocks equal to 1200. (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies an array, all elements of this array are equal.)
13.7.4. PB
1855
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.5
tNavigator-4.2
DATUMDEPTH
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the datum depth for calculations of depth corrected pressures. One should specify the same number of keywords DATUMDEPTH and values as the number of FIP regions. One can use this keywords with suboption INITIAL: the corrected datum pressures will be calculated using the initial equilibrium pressure distribution. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DATUM (see 12.15.34) (for whole reservoir) and DATUMR (see 12.15.35) (for several FIP regions). Example DATUMDEPTH 2500 INITIAL The example sets datum depth 2500. Example DATUMDEPTH 2500 INITIAL DATUMDEPTH 1500 DATUMDEPTH 3125 This example sets datum depths for 3 FIP regions.
13.7.5. DATUMDEPTH
1856
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.6
tNavigator-4.2
INITREGION
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the initialization region number. The data below is assigned to this region. The following keywords can be specified after INITREGION: REFPRES (see 13.7.8), REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), DWOC (see 13.7.10). INTYPE (see 13.7.7) for every grid block specifies the initialization region to which it belongs.
Example INITREGION 1 REFDEPTH 4500 REFPRES 1600 DWOC 2500 INITREGION 2 REFPRES 8500 REFDEPTH 1230 DWOC 1530 DGOC 1230 In this example there are two initialization regions. For each region reference depth (REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9)), reference pressure (REFPRES (see 13.7.8)), water-oil contact depth (DWOC (see 13.7.10)) and gas-oil contact depth (DGOC (see 13.7.11)) are given.
13.7.6. INITREGION
1857
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.7
tNavigator-4.2
INTYPE
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every grid block specifying the initialization region to which it belongs. Initialization regions are specified using INITREGION (see 13.7.6), properties of each region – REFPRES (see 13.7.8), REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), DWOC (see 13.7.10).
Example INITREGION 1 REFDEPTH 4500 REFPRES 1600 DWOC 2500 INTYPE CON 1 In this example there is one initialization region. For this region reference depth (REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9)), reference pressure (REFPRES (see 13.7.8)), water-oil contact depth (DWOC (see 13.7.10)) and gas-oil contact depth (DGOC (see 13.7.11)) are given. All grid blocks belong to this initialization region (CON specifies the constant value array).
13.7.7. INTYPE
1858
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.8
tNavigator-4.2
REFPRES
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies the reference pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) at the reference depth – REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9). REFDEPTH and REFPRES can be specified for multiple initialization regions (use INITREGION (see 13.7.6)). The keywords REFPRES (see 13.7.8), REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), DWOC (see 13.7.10), DGOC (see 13.7.11), VERTICAL (see 13.7.2) have an Eclipse compatible analogue EQUIL (see 12.15.2). 1-st parameter of EQUIL (see 12.15.2) corresponds to REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), 2-nd – REFPRES (see 13.7.8), 3-rd – DWOC (see 13.7.10), 5-th – DGOC (see 13.7.11).
Example INITREGION 1 REFDEPTH 4500 REFPRES 1600 DWOC 2500 INITREGION 2 REFPRES 8500 REFDEPTH 1230 DWOC 1530 DGOC 1230 In this example there are two initialization regions. For each region reference depth (REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9)), reference pressure (REFPRES (see 13.7.8)), water-oil contact depth (DWOC (see 13.7.10)) and gas-oil contact depth (DGOC (see 13.7.11)) are given.
13.7.8. REFPRES
1859
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.9
tNavigator-4.2
REFDEPTH
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies the reference depth (SI: m, FIELD: f t ). At the reference depth the keyword REFPRES (see 13.7.8) specifies the reference pressure. REFDEPTH and REFPRES can be specified for multiple initialization regions (use INITREGION (see 13.7.6)). The keywords REFPRES (see 13.7.8), REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), DWOC (see 13.7.10), DGOC (see 13.7.11), VERTICAL (see 13.7.2) have an Eclipse compatible analogue EQUIL (see 12.15.2). 1-st parameter of EQUIL (see 12.15.2) corresponds to REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), 2-nd – REFPRES (see 13.7.8), 3-rd – DWOC (see 13.7.10), 5-th – DGOC (see 13.7.11).
Example INITREGION 1 REFDEPTH 4500 REFPRES 1600 DWOC 2500 INITREGION 2 REFPRES 8500 REFDEPTH 1230 DWOC 1530 DGOC 1230 In this example there are two initialization regions. For each region reference depth (REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9)), reference pressure (REFPRES (see 13.7.8)), water-oil contact depth (DWOC (see 13.7.10)) and gas-oil contact depth (DGOC (see 13.7.11)) are given.
13.7.9. REFDEPTH
1860
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.10
tNavigator-4.2
DWOC
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the water-oil contact depth (SI: m, FIELD: f t ). DWOC can be specified for multiple initialization regions (use INITREGION (see 13.7.6)). If VERTICAL DEPTH_AVE (VERTICAL (see 13.7.2)) is present, the resulting water saturation will reflect the water-oil transition zone caused by non-zero capillary pressure. The keywords REFPRES (see 13.7.8), REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), DWOC (see 13.7.10), DGOC (see 13.7.11), VERTICAL (see 13.7.2) have an Eclipse compatible analogue EQUIL (see 12.15.2). 1-st parameter of EQUIL (see 12.15.2) corresponds to REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), 2-nd – REFPRES (see 13.7.8), 3-rd – DWOC (see 13.7.10), 5-th – DGOC (see 13.7.11).
Example INITREGION 1 REFDEPTH 4500 REFPRES 1600 DWOC 2500 INITREGION 2 REFPRES 8500 REFDEPTH 1230 DWOC 1530 DGOC 1230 In this example there are two initialization regions. For each region reference depth (REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9)), reference pressure (REFPRES (see 13.7.8)), water-oil contact depth (DWOC (see 13.7.10)) and gas-oil contact depth (DGOC (see 13.7.11)) are given.
13.7.10. DWOC
1861
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.11
tNavigator-4.2
DGOC
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the gas-oil contact depth (SI: m, FIELD: f t ). DGOC can be specified for multiple initialization regions (use INITREGION (see 13.7.6)). If VERTICAL DEPTH_AVE (VERTICAL (see 13.7.2)) is present, the resulting gas saturation will reflect the liquid-gas transition zone caused by non-zero capillary pressure. The keywords REFPRES (see 13.7.8), REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), DWOC (see 13.7.10), DGOC (see 13.7.11), VERTICAL (see 13.7.2) have an Eclipse compatible analogue EQUIL (see 12.15.2). 1-st parameter of EQUIL (see 12.15.2) corresponds to REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9), 2-nd – REFPRES (see 13.7.8), 3-rd – DWOC (see 13.7.10), 5-th – DGOC (see 13.7.11).
Example INITREGION 1 REFDEPTH 4500 REFPRES 1600 DWOC 2500 INITREGION 2 REFPRES 8500 REFDEPTH 1230 DWOC 1530 DGOC 1230 In this example there are two initialization regions. For each region reference depth (REFDEPTH (see 13.7.9)), reference pressure (REFPRES (see 13.7.8)), water-oil contact depth (DWOC (see 13.7.10)) and gas-oil contact depth (DGOC (see 13.7.11)) are given.
13.7.11. DGOC
1862
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.12 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
WOC_SW x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300 x IMEX
Input Rockfluid
Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword set water saturation value below water-oil contact in each initialization region. The following parameters should be specified: 1. water saturation value. This keyword has a MORE compatible analog AQUW (see 14.4.23). Default:
water saturation value: 0.9999.
Example INITREGION 1 WOC_SW 0.5 In the example in the 1-st initialization region water saturation below WOC is 0.5.
13.7.12. WOC_SW
1863
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.13
tNavigator-4.2
SO
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the initial oil saturation. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be specified. The values of oil saturation should be in the range from 0 to 1. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SOIL (see 12.15.12).
Example SO CON 0.7
In this example the initial oil saturation in all grid blocks is equal to 0.7 (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies the constant value array).
13.7.13. SO
1864
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.14
tNavigator-4.2
SG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the initial gas saturation. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be specified. The values of gas saturation should be in the range from 0 to 1. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGAS (see 12.15.11).
Example SG CON 0
In this example the initial gas saturation in all grid blocks is equal to 0 (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies the constant value array).
13.7.14. SG
1865
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.15
tNavigator-4.2
SW
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword sets the initial water saturation. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be specified. The values of water saturation should be in the range from 0 to 1. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWAT (see 12.15.10).
Example SW CON 0.3
In this example the initial water saturation in all grid blocks is equal to 0.3 (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies the constant value array).
13.7.15. SW
1866
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.16
tNavigator-4.2
PRES
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies the initial reservoir pressure (SI: kPa|, FIELD: psi) for each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PRESSURE (see 12.15.8).
Example PRES CON 200
In this example the same initial pressure is specified in all grid blocks (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies the constant value array).
13.7.16. PRES
1867
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.17
tNavigator-4.2
TEMP
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies the initial reservoir temperature (SI: C , FIELD: F ) for each grid block. The same number of values as the number of grid blocks should be specified. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue TEMPI (see 12.15.26).
Example TEMP CON 90
In this example the same initial temperature is specified in all grid blocks (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies the constant value array).
13.7.17. TEMP
1868
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.18
tNavigator-4.2
CONC_SLD
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
Input Rockfluid
Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies initial mole fraction of the components in the solid phase (SI: gmol/m3 , FIELD: lbmol/ f t 3 ). One should specify the component name and the value of initial mole fraction of this component in the solid phase for each grid block. Default: 0. Example CONC_SLD 'Coke'
CON 0.488
In this example the same initial mole fraction of the component 'Coke' in the solid phase is specified in all grid blocks (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies the constant value array).
13.7.18. CONC_SLD
1869
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.19
tNavigator-4.2
MFRAC_OIL
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies initial mole fraction of the components in the oil phase. One should specify the component name and the value of initial mole fraction of this component in the oil phase for each grid block. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue XMF (see 12.15.17). Default: 0. Example MFRAC_OIL 'DeadOil'
CON 0.48223
In this example the same initial mole fraction of the component 'DeadOil' in the oil phase is specified in all grid blocks (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies the constant value array).
13.7.19. MFRAC_OIL
1870
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.20
tNavigator-4.2
MFRAC_GAS
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies initial mole fraction of the components in the gas phase. One should specify the component name and the value of initial mole fraction of this component in the gas phase for each grid block. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue YMF (see 12.15.18). Default: 0. Example MFRAC_GAS 'comp4'
CON 0.0087
In this example the same initial mole fraction of the component 'comp4' in the gas phase is specified in all grid blocks (CON (see 13.1.3) specifies the constant value array).
13.7.20. MFRAC_GAS
1871
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.21
tNavigator-4.2
PBC
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100 Input Rockfluid
E300 x IMEX Reservoir x Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other
Component
Numerical
Well
The keyword specifies bubble point pressure at initial temperature at each block for specified component. This value is converted to initial mole fraction of this component by the following formula: 1 Xi = , Ki (Pbi , T ) where Ki (Pbi , T ) – K-value of this component (KV1 (see 13.5.26)), evaluated at initial temperature T and Pbi value. The following parameters should be specified: 1. component name; 2. bubble point pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi). Example PBC 'Soln_Gas'
CON 1250
In the example the keyword PBC specifies initial bubble point pressure for component ’Soln_Gas’. It is equal to 1250 psi.
13.7.21. PBC
1872
13.7. Initial conditions
13.7.22
tNavigator-4.2
SEPARATOR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Component
Numerical
Well
Rockfluid
x Initial
x GEM
The keyword sets separator stages conditions. Parameters of this keyword can be entered by two ways: standard one and advanced one. In standard way conditions are set via table. Each line of it corresponds to one separator stage. Columns of this table set the following: 1. the separator pressure (METRIC: kPa; SI: psi); 2. the separator temperature (METRIC: kPa; SI: psi). In advanced way it is expected to specify the following parameters: 1. subkeyword EOS indicating that EOS region number and 2 characteristics of the stage will be entered next; 2. EOS region number (see keyword EOSSET (see 13.5.68)); 3. stage pressure (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi); 4. stage temperature (SI: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ); 5. subkeyword LIQUID-TO or VAPOR-TO indicating that destination of water of vapor will be set next; 6. stage number of fluid:
stage number – stage of current separator to which stage output is fed;
fluid – it specifies the surface stream which is the destination of the particular output of the current stage. It can has 3 values: GAS, INL, OIL.
7. subkeyword STREAM-DEN indicating that density calculation method will be entered next; 8. fluid type. It can has 3 values: GAS, INL, OIL; 9. fluid density calculation method:
EOS;
GASLAW.
10. if previous parameter is EOS, then EOS region number is specified. Otherwise, compressibility factor value is specified;
13.7.22. SEPARATOR
1873
13.7. Initial conditions
tNavigator-4.2
11. pressure at which density is calculated (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi); 12. temperature at which density is calculated (SI: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ); This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue FIPSEP (see 12.15.21). Example *SEPARATOR 815.000 80.00000 65.00000 80.00000 14.70000 60.00000 Standard way to specify parameters. Example *SEPARATOR *EOS 1 101.3 150.6 *LIQUID-TO 2 *EOS 1 10.3 360.0 *LIQUID-TO 'OIL' *STREAM-DEN 'GAS' *GASLAW 1 14.69 60. 'OIL' *GASLAW 1 14.69 60. Advanced way to specify parameters.
13.7.22. SEPARATOR
1874
13.8. Numerical methods control
13.8
tNavigator-4.2
Numerical methods control
13.8. Numerical methods control
1875
13.8. Numerical methods control
13.8.1
tNavigator-4.2
NUMERICAL
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other x Numerical
Component Well
The keyword starts the section ”Numerical methods control” (13.8). Example NUMERICAL
13.8.1. NUMERICAL
1876
13.8. Numerical methods control
13.8.2
tNavigator-4.2
TFORM
Data format Section
x tNavigator
x E300
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other x Numerical
Component Well
See the keyword TFORM (see 12.1.8).
13.8.2. TFORM
1877
13.8. Numerical methods control
13.8.3
tNavigator-4.2
ISOTHERMAL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other x Numerical
Component Well
See description of the option ISOTHERMAL of the keyword TNAVCTRL (see 12.1.4).
13.8.3. ISOTHERMAL
1878
13.8. Numerical methods control
13.8.4
tNavigator-4.2
MINTEMP
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other x Numerical
Component Well
The keyword specifies minimal formation temperature. The following parameters should be specified: 1. minimal formation temperature (SI: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F); By default:
minimal formation temperature: 1 ◦C .
Analogous to the keyword is the 1-st parameter of the keyword TRANGE (see 12.18.226), which is used by Eclipse. Example MINTEMP 50
13.8.4. MINTEMP
1879
13.8. Numerical methods control
13.8.5
tNavigator-4.2
MAXTEMP
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Rockfluid
Initial
MORE
GEM
x STARS Other x Numerical
Component Well
The keyword specifies maximal formation temperature. The following parameters should be specified: 1. maximal formation temperature (SI: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F). By default:
maximal formation temperature: 2000 ◦C .
Analogous to the keyword is the 2-nd parameter of the keyword TRANGE (see 12.18.226), which is used by Eclipse. Example MAXTEMP 250
13.8.5. MAXTEMP
1880
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9
tNavigator-4.2
Well and recurrent data
13.9. Well and recurrent data
1881
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.1
tNavigator-4.2
HEATR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS Component x Well
The keyword indicates constant heat transfer rate to blocks and sets the value of this transfer rate (SI: J/day, FIELD: Btu/day). The value of rate should be specified for each block. Description of heater simulation is given in the section Heater simulation. By default:
value of transfer rate is equal to 0.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue HEATER (see 12.18.157).
Example HEATR ALL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 In the example for each grid block size of 5x3x2 heat transfer rate value is set. In the first layer in Z-direction it is 0, in the second one it is 1500 J/day. Example HEATR KVAR 4*0 1500 5*0 In the example values of HEATR (see 13.9.1) are constant in each block of the layer in Z -direction (it is specified by the keyword KVAR). They are equal to 0 in the first 4 layers, 1500 J/day in the fifth one and 0 for five other layers of the model.
13.9.1. HEATR
1882
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.2
tNavigator-4.2
TMPSET
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS Component x Well
The keyword specifies maximal value of temperature for UHTR (see 13.9.3) coefficient for each block (SI: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ). Description of heater simulation is given in the section – 4.31.
Example UNITS SI ... TMPSET KVAR 4*15 500 5*15 In the example values of TMPSET (see 13.9.2) are constant in each block of the layer in Z -direction (it is specified by the keyword KVAR) and equal correspondingly to 15◦C in the first 4 layers, 500◦C in the fifth one and 15◦C for five other layers of the model.
13.9.2. TMPSET
1883
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.3
tNavigator-4.2
UHTR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS Component x Well
The keyword sets the proportional heat transfer coefficient between value of heat transfer and difference of current block temperature and maximal block temperature which was specified by the keyword TMPSET (see 13.9.2) (SI: J/day −C , FIELD: Btu/day − F ). The keyword should be used in conjunction with the keyword TMPSET. Description of heater simulation is given in the section – 4.31.
UHTR > 0 - heat gain coefficient. The rate of heat gain is equal to UHT R·(T MPSET − T ) while current temperature T < T MPSET . Otherwise, the rate is equal to 0;
UHTR < 0 - heat loss coefficient. The rate of heat loss is equal to |UHT R| · (T − T MPSET ), while current temperature T > T MPSET . Otherwise, the rate is equal to 0.
By default:
coefficient is equal to 0.
Example UHTR KVAR 4*0 1500 5*0 In the example values of UHTR (see 13.9.3) are constant in each layer in Z -direction (it is specified by the keyword KVAR). They are equal to 0 in the first 4 layers, 1500J/day in the fifth one and 0 for five other layers of the model.
13.9.3. UHTR
1884
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.4
tNavigator-4.2
RUN
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword starts the section ”Well and recurrent data” (13.9). Example RUN
13.9.4. RUN
1885
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.5
tNavigator-4.2
DATE
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword sets the date and time when the well change occurs. This date should be entered in the following format: YYYY MM DD YYYY - year (integer), MM - month (integer), DD - day (real number). If the well change occurs at noon the day may be entered as DD.5. This keyword DATE should be entered immediately after RUN (see 13.9.4) to denote the date of simulation start (an Eclipse compatible analogue is START (see 12.1.13)). If DATE is used two times and there are well changes between them, these well changes are enable since the first DATE. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DATES (see 12.18.105). Example DATE 1973 4 17.5 This example sets the date: April 17, 1973, at noon.
13.9.5. DATE
1886
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.6
tNavigator-4.2
WELL
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
This keyword introduces a new well, defining information on its name and coordinates. The data should be specified in the following format: WELL well-number (well-name) (VERT ibl jbl) (ATTACHTO group-name) well-number (well-name) – well number (or name); one or two these parameters can be entered. One can use the suboptions:
VERT ibl jbl – the well is vertical; ibl – bottom hole or well head coordinates in X direction (IW) and jbl – bottom hole or well head coordinates in Y direction (JW),
ATTACHTO group-name – name of the group to which this well belongs.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELSPECS (see 12.18.3) (four parameters of WELSPECS are the same). Example WELL 2 'ProducerL' WELL 7 VERT 17 23 Here two wells are defined: well number 2 'ProducerL' and vertical well number 7, it’s bottom hole is situated at X = 17 and Y = 23.
13.9.6. WELL
1887
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.7
tNavigator-4.2
PRODUCER
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword specifies a producer (first a well should be entered using the keyword WELL (see 13.9.6)). The data should be specified in the following format: PRODUCER well-number (well-name) One should enter the well number and (or) well name. The keyword is analogous to the first parameter of an Eclipse compatible keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34). Example WELL 7 PRODUCER 7 The example specifies the well number 7 as producer.
13.9.7. PRODUCER
1888
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.8
tNavigator-4.2
INJECTOR
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword specifies an injectorr (first a well should be entered using the keyword WELL (see 13.9.6)). The data should be specified in the following format: 1. INJECTOR 2. [additional parameter] . Injector type can be specified:
MOBWEIGHT – total mobility weighted injector. tNavigator uses in calculation t he total mobility of a grid block with connection. tNavigator allows to use only the type IMPLICIT: the total mobility is calculated implicitly (the most up-to-date value is used).
UNWEIGHT – unweighted injector. Injected fluid mobility is considered as a part of a well index.
3. name (number) of the well (wells). This keyword has an Aclipse-compatible analogue WCONINJE (see 12.18.36). Example WELL 10 INJECTOR UNWEIGHT 10 In this example the well 10 is unweighted injector.
13.9.8. INJECTOR
1889
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.9
tNavigator-4.2
SHUTIN
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword indicates that a well is shut in (first a well should be entered using the keyword WELL (see 13.9.6), PRODUCER (see 13.9.7)). The data should be specified in the following format: SHUTIN well-number (well-name) One should enter the well number and (or) well name. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELOPEN (see 12.18.107) (allows to shut in a well or connection). Example WELL 7 PRODUCER 7 DATE 1973 4 17 SHUTIN 7 This example shuts in a well number 7 on April 17, 1973.
13.9.9. SHUTIN
1890
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.10
tNavigator-4.2
OPERATE
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
This keyword sets the well controls and action to be done if one of controls is violated. (First a well should be entered using the keyword WELL (see 13.9.6), PRODUCER (see 13.9.7). INJECTOR (see 13.9.8).) The data should be entered in one of the following formats: OPERATE MAX (or MIN) well-control value action or OPERATE MIN STEAMTRAP value where: 1. MAX (or MIN) - maximum (MAX) or minimum (MIN) control is specified using value; 2. well-control - well control:
STL – liquid rate control (oil and water) (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day) (LRAT in Eclipse compatible keywords), STO – oil rate control (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day) (ORAT in Eclipse compatible keywords), STG – gas rate control (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: f t 3 /day) (GRAT in Eclipse compatible keywords), STW – water rate control (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day) (WRAT in Eclipse compatible keywords), BHW – water rate in reservoir conditions control (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day);
BHP – bottom hole pressure control (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi); minimum bottom hole pressure for producers must be specified, otherwise it will be taken 101.3 kPa (BHP in Eclipse compatible keywords),
WHP – tubing head pressure control (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) (THP in Eclipse compatible keywords),
BHF – reservoir liquid rate control (oil, water, gas) (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day) (RESV in Eclipse compatible keywords). STEAM – steam rate expressed in CWE – cold water equivalent (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day). In case if STEAM is used the 1-st parameter of OPERATE
13.9.10. OPERATE
1891
13.9. Well and recurrent data
tNavigator-4.2
should be MAX. (STEAM corresponds to CWE, specified via 15-th parameter of WCONPROD (see 12.18.34), compatible with Eclipse);
STEAMTRAP value – the value is by how much the steam saturation temperature exceeds the temperature of the produced water (SI: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ) (17-th parameter of the keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34) is analogous for this one).
3. value - control value (if the 2-nd parameter is not STEAMTRAP); 4. action - action to be done if this control is violated: CONT – well will switch to the violated control. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WCONPROD (see producers), WCONINJE (see 12.18.36) (for injectors).
12.18.34) (for
Example WELL 7 PRODUCER 7 OPERATE MAX STL 42 CONT OPERATE MIN BHP 250 CONT This example sets for producer number 7 maximum liquid rate control – 42, minimum bottom hole pressure control – 250. If one of these controls is violated, well will switch to the violated control.
13.9.10. OPERATE
1892
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.11
tNavigator-4.2
ALTER
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
This keyword alters the first control value for the well, defined by OPERATE (see 12.3.25), Second and other controls defined by OPERATE (see 12.3.25) can’t be altered using ALTER. The data should be entered in the following format: ALTER well-name (well-number) value where: well-name (well-number) - well name (or number), whose first control value will be altered, value - new control value. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELTARG (see 12.18.51). Example DATE 1975 6 28 PRODUCER 7 OPERATE MAX STL 42 CONT OPERATE MIN BHP 250 CONT ... DATE 1975 9 30 ALTER 7 47.5 June 28, 1975 this example specifies for producer number 7 two controls: liquid rate (maximum 42) and bottom hole pressure (minimum 250). September 30, 1975 the value of liquid rate control was altered: new value is 47.5 (bottom hole pressure value stays the same).
13.9.11. ALTER
1893
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.12
tNavigator-4.2
GEOMETRY
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword specifies several geometric characteristics of the well. The data is used to obtain the well flow index. The data should be entered in the following format: GEOMETRY I (or J, or K) rad geofac wfrac skin where:
I (or J, or K) – one should enter the coordinate axis which is parallel to the wellbore (I – X axis, J – Y axis, K – Z axis);
rad – well radius (SI: m, FIELD: f t );
geofac – geometric well factor;
wfrac – a real number between 0 and 1, which specifies the part of circle which corresponds to this well. Usually a hole circle corresponds to the well (the well is inside the model) – 1. If the well is situated at the corner of the grid block on the grid boundary – 0.25. If the well is situated at the edge of the grid block on the grid boundary – 0.5;
skin – skin.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue COMPDAT (see parameters of COMPDAT correspond to GEOMETRY).
12.18.6) (several
Example WELL 8 PRODUCER 8 OPERATE MIN BHP 250 CONT GEOMETRY K 0.0762 0.37 1. 0. This example specifies for producer number 8 bottom hole pressure control (minimum 250). Using GEOMETRY are specified the following geometric characteristics of the well:
the wellbore is parallel to the Z axis;
13.9.12. GEOMETRY
1894
13.9. Well and recurrent data
well radius is equal to 0.0762 m;
geometric well factor – 0.37;
the hole circle is corresponding to the well;
skin – 0.
13.9.12. GEOMETRY
tNavigator-4.2
1895
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.13
tNavigator-4.2
PERF
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keywords sets grid blocks in which wellbore is situated. At first the well should be initialized using keywords WELL (see 13.9.6), PRODUCER (see 13.9.7), GEOMETRY (see 13.9.12). The data should be entered in the following format: PERF GEO wn location well-index (status) (connection) where: 1. GEO – the keyword sets that the well index is calculated from the geometric information (last GEOMETRY (see 13.9.12)), dimensions and permeability of the grid blocks in which wellbore is situated. 2. wn – well number. 3. location – three numbers i, j, k – X, Y and Z coordinates of grid block in which the wellbore is situated. 4. well-index – a number ff – multiplier. Well index is multiplied by this multiplier. (Well index is calculated from the geometric information (last GEOMETRY (see 13.9.12)), dimensions and permeability of the grid blocks in which wellbore is situated.) 5. status – block status: OPEN or CLOSED. OPEN – perforated interval is open (this is default status if status isn’t specified). CLOSED – this block is specified to define the well trajectory. Perforated interval can be opened using the keyword PERF next time. 6. connection – this parameter sets the number of previous block (specified for this well using PERF keyword), i.e. the number of block in the direction of the flow at the time of production. The data should be entered in the following format: FLOW-TO ily. Where ily - previous block number of the word SURFACE, if the first (top) well block is specified. One can add here REFLAYER. This word marks the block where bottom hole pressure (BHP) is calculated. REFLAYER can be used only once for current PERF. If REFLAYER is not specified, THP is calculated for the first entered block. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue COMPDAT (see parameters of COMPDAT correspond to PERF).
13.9.13. PERF
12.18.6) (several
1896
13.9. Well and recurrent data
Example PERF GEO 12 48 7 3 5. OPEN FLOW-TO 'SURFACE' 48 7 4 5. OPEN FLOW-TO 1 48 7 5 5. OPEN FLOW-TO 2 48 7 6 5. CLOSED FLOW-TO 3 48 7 7 5. OPEN FLOW-TO 4
tNavigator-4.2
REFLAYER
In this example the word GEO sets that the well index is calculated from the geometric information (last GEOMETRY (see 13.9.12)), dimensions and permeability of the grid blocks in which wellbore is situated. Next we specify five grid blocks in which the wellbore of well 12 is situated (1-st block (48, 7, 3), 2-nd block: (48, 7, 4), 3-rd block: (48, 7, 5), 4-th block: (48, 7, 6), 5-th block: (48, 7, 7)). The multiplier ff is equal to 5 for all these blocks (well index is multiplied by this multiplier). Perforated intervals are opened in all blocks except 4-th block. The flow direction from block to block is: 5-4-3-2-1-SURFACE. BHP is calculated for the 1-st block (the word REFLAYER is present for the 1-st block).
13.9.13. PERF
1897
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.14
tNavigator-4.2
LAYERXYZ
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword defines perforations which are situated on the deviated wellbore. Previously these perforations should be initialized using the keyword PERF (see 13.9.13). The data should be entered in the following format: LAYERXYZ wn location x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 plength where: 1. wn – well name (number). 2. location – three numbers i, j, k – X, Y and Z coordinates of grid block in which the wellbore is situated. The part of wellbore in this block is considered as deviated. 3. x1 y1 z1 – Cartesian coordinates of the ”entry point” for the deviated wellbore in this block. Points (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) define the wellbore direction. 4. x2 y2 z2 – Cartesian coordinates of the ’exit point” for the deviated wellbore in this block. Points (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) define the wellbore direction. 5. plength – length of the perforated interval within the grid block. This length can be greater than the distance between (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2). The deviated well index in imex and stars: Well index =
2π · w f rac · K · welllength · f f , ln re f f /rwell + skin
where
w f rac (0 6 w f rac 6 1) — well angular fraction;
K — average permeability (the description of calculation is below);
welllength — length of the perforated interval within the grid block;
f f — well index multiplier;
re f f — drainage radius (the description of calculation is below);
rwell — well radius;
13.9.14. LAYERXYZ
1898
13.9. Well and recurrent data
tNavigator-4.2
skin — skin.
Let u = (ux , uy , uz ) — a unit vector in the wellbore direction; ex , ey , ez — unit vectors (parallel to the vectors which joins centers of mass of the opposite edges in this block). When u is parallel to one of the vectors ex , ey or ez then s V ( j) (13.2) re f f = re f f (e j ) = geo f ac · π · h( j) · w f rac where
j ∈ x, y, z; geo f ac — geometric well factor (see GEOMETRY (see 13.9.12)); V — volume of the perforated block; h( j) — the grid block thickness in the direction j.
Let
αx = (u, ex )2 · 1 − (u, ey )2 · 1 − (u, ez )2 αy = ·(u, ey )2 · 1 − (u, ex )2 · 1 − (u, ez )2 αz = ·(u, ez )2 · 1 − (u, ex )2 · 1 − (u, ey )2
In the general case the drainage radius is equal to: (x) (y) (z) re f f (u) = re f f · αx + re f f · αy + re f f · αz / (αx + αy + αz )
(13.3)
tNavigator uses right formula: 1/2 (x) 2 (y) 2 (z) 2 re f f (u) = re f f · αx + re f f · αy + re f f · αz / (αx + αy + αz )1/2
(13.4)
( j)
Average permeability K is calculated the same way: one should replace re f f = re f f (e j ) by K(e j ) =
s
∏
ki .
16i63 i6= j
Example LAYERXYZ 14 8 10 4 394247.20378 373635.68824 373637.60444 1377.65544 0.00129 8 10 5 394247.30153 373637.60444 373646.83405 1406.38252 30.17704 8 10 6 394247.77237 373646.83405 373652.27302 1423.68686 18.14215 8 10 7 394248.08057 373652.27302 373660.44384 1450.54380 28.07750
1371.69128 394247.30153 1377.65544 394247.77237 1406.38252 394248.08057 1423.68686 394248.61406
This example sets four grid blocks in which wellbore of well 14 is deviated.
13.9.14. LAYERXYZ
1899
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.15
tNavigator-4.2
TINJW
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS Component x Well
This keyword defines the temperature of the injected fluid (SI: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F). This keyword is analogous to the 3-rd parameter of Eclipse-compatible keyword WINJTEMP (see 12.18.155). Default: For this parameter default value is supported according to the logic of STARS syntax.
13.9.15. TINJW
1900
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.16
tNavigator-4.2
QUAL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS Component x Well
This keyword defines the steam quality of the injected fluid (a value should be in the range from 0 to 1). This keyword is analogous to the 2-nd parameter of Eclipse-compatible keyword WINJTEMP (see 12.18.155). Default: For this parameter default value is supported according to the logic of STARS syntax.
13.9.16. QUAL
1901
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.17
tNavigator-4.2
WTMULT
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword is used to multiply control or limit value for the well (specified via OPERATE (see 12.3.25)) by a multiplying factor. The following parameters should be specified: 1. control or limit to be changed:
STO – oil rate;
STW – water rate;
BHW – water rate in reservoir conditions;
STG – gas rate;
STL – liquid rate;
BHF – reservoir fluid volume rate;
BHP – bottom hole pressure;
WHP – tubing head pressure;
STEAM – steam rate expressed in cold water equivalent CWE;
2. name (or number) of well(s); 3. multiplying factor for this control or limit (multipliers should be entered on one or more new lines following the line with WTMULT). This keyword has an Eclipse-compatible analogue WTMULT (see 12.18.49). Example WTMULT STW PR5 0.9 In this example for the well PR5 multiplying factor for water rate is 0.9.
13.9.17. WTMULT
1902
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.18
tNavigator-4.2
ON-TIME
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword sets well efficiency factor (the fraction of time during which a well works). This number should be between 0.001 and 1. If this number is less than 0.001 it is set equal to 0.001 during the simulation. The data should be entered in the following format: ON-TIME well-name OTF-input where:
well-name – well name (should be entered immediately after ON-TIME, on the same line);
OTF-input – well efficiency factor (the fraction of time during which a well works); (should be entered on the next line after the line with ON-TIME).
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WEFAC (see 12.18.69). Example ON-TIME A2 0.6429 ON-TIME B3 1. This example specifies well efficiency factor for the well A2 equal to 0.6429, for the well B3 – 1.
13.9.18. ON-TIME
1903
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.19
tNavigator-4.2
STOP
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 x IMEX
MORE
GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword terminates the simulation. The data after STOP is ignored. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue END (see 12.1.104). Example DATE 1973 4 17 STOP The simulation terminates on April 17, 1973.
13.9.19. STOP
1904
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.20
tNavigator-4.2
HTWELL / HTWRATE / HTWRATEPL / HTWTEMP / HTWI
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
GEM
x STARS Component x Well
The keyword specifies properties of heater wells. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name. It should be single quoted; 2. [additional parameter] HTWRATE or HTWRATEPL:
HTWRATE – this parameter sets that maximum heating rate will be specified. The value of rate is set by the parameter 3. A positive value denotes heating and a negative value denotes cooling; HTWRATEPL – this parameter sets that maximum heating rate per well length unit will be specified. The value of rate is set by the parameter 3.
3. maximum heating rate. The following units are used: for HTWRATE – SI: J/day, SI: Btu/day; for HTWRATEPL – SI: J/day − m, SI: Btu/day − f t . This parameter is required if HTWRATE or HTWRATEPL is specified; 4. [additional parameter] HTWTEMP - this parameter sets that well temperature will be specified. The value of temperature is set by the parameter 5; 5. well temperature (SI: ◦C , SI: ◦ F ). This parameter is required if HTWTEMP is specified; 6. [additional parameter] HTWI – this parameter specifies that index conductivity value is equal to index value of the well. If this parameter is absent then index value will be calculated again. One of parameters 2 and 4 has to be specified. Instead of parameters 2-6 parameter OFF can be used, which turns off well heating. Example HTWELL 'C1P_Cir' HTWTEMP 205 HTWELL 'C2P_Cir' HTWTEMP 205 HTWELL 'C3P_Cir' HTWTEMP 205 In the example temperature value of 205◦ F is specified for three wells: ’C1P_Cir’, ’C2P_Cir’, ’C3P_Cir’.
13.9.20. HTWELL / HTWRATE / HTWRATEPL / HTWTEMP / HTWI
1905
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.21
tNavigator-4.2
WELSEP
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
x GEM
Component x Well
The keyword assigns separator to wells. Assigning can be set in two formats:
format 1. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well number(s), to which separator will be assigned; 2. subkeyword STAGE indicating that separator stages will be entered next; 3. stage pressure; 4. stage temperature; Pressure and temperature of each stage are set in separate line.
format 2. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well number(s), to which separator will be assigned; 2. subkeyword STAGE indicating that separator stages will be entered next; 3. subkeyword EOS indicating that EOS region number and 2 characteristics of the stage will be entered next; 4. EOS region number (see keyword EOSSET (see 13.5.68)); 5. stage pressure; 6. stage temperature; 7. subkeyword LIQUID-TO or VAPOR-TO indicating that destination of water of vapor will be set next; 8. stage number of fluid: – stage number – stage of current separator to which stage output is fed; – fluid – it specifies the surface stream which is the destination of the particular output of the current stage. It can has 3 values: GAS, INL, OIL.
This keyword has Eclipse compatible analogs WSEPCOND (see 12.18.145) and SEPCOND (see 12.18.144). Example *WELSEP 1:4,5 *STAGES 400.0 100.0 101.3 60.0
13.9.21. WELSEP
1906
13.9. Well and recurrent data
13.9.22
tNavigator-4.2
TRIGGER
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 x IMEX
MORE
x GEM
x STARS
Input
Reservoir
Other
Rockfluid
Initial
Numerical
Component x Well
The keyword specifies a set of keywords to perform at defined conditions satisfied. The following parameters should be specified: 1. trigger name; 2. trigger type. Each type has its own parameters. Supported types:
ON_WELL – the trigger condition is to be applied to a well or list of wells. The following parameters should be specified: (a) well name or well names list. List can be specified by exact well names or by 2 types of masks: with symbol * (instead of any number of symbols in the end of well name) or ? (instead of one symbol in well name); (b) well quantity characteristic. List of allowed ones is in table 1; (c) comparison operator (< or >); (d) characteristic value (i.e trigger value). 3 last parameters set trigger condition to be tested.
ON_FIELD – the trigger condition is to be applied to entire field. The following parameters should be specified: (a) (b) (c) (d)
string ’FIELD’ which means field name; field quantity characteristic. List of allowed ones is in table 2; comparison operator (< or >); characteristic value (i.e trigger value). 3 last parameters set trigger condition to be tested.
ON_ELAPSED – the trigger condition which connected with data of its defining. The following parameters should be specified: (a) string ’TIME’, which means that type of using trigger is ”time”; (b) time condition. 2 possible variants: – TIMSIM – the time value entered is time elapsed from the start of the run (absolute time); – TRELTD – the time value entered is relative to the time the trigger is defined (relative time). (c) comparison operator (< or >);
13.9.22. TRIGGER
1907
13.9. Well and recurrent data
tNavigator-4.2
(d) time value (i.e trigger value) (SI: day, FIELD:day). 3 last parameters set trigger condition to be tested. 3. [additional parameter] APPLY_TIMES – subkeyword specifies the maximum number of times that the actions specified with the trigger (parameter 8) can be taken. It should be followed by one integer; 4. [additional parameter] INCREMENT – subkeyword specifies the increment to the trigger value. It should be followed by one real number; 5. [additional parameter] TEST_TIMES – subkeyword specifies the maximum number of times that the trigger can be tested to ascertain if the condition is satisfied. It should be followed by one integer; 6. [additional parameter] TEST_AFTER_TIMER – subkeyword used to specify the time delay which must elapse before the first trigger condition test. It should be followed by one real number (SI: day, FIELD:day); 7. [additional parameter] TEST_AFTER_TIMEA – subkeyword used to specify the time delay in days which must elapse before the trigger condition will begin to be tested. It should be followed by one real number (SI: day, FIELD:day); 8. list of keywords of the section Well and recurrent data to perform during simulation when trigger condition is satisfied; 9. END_TRIGGER – This keyword marks the end of trigger definition. It should be specified in new line. Table 1. Well quantity characteristic. STO-RP STO-CP STO-RI STO-CI STW-RP STW-CP STW-RI STW-CI STG-RP STG-CP STG-RI STG-CI STL-RP STL-CP BHF-RP
13.9.22. TRIGGER
oil production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) oil cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) oil injection rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) oil cumulative injection at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) water production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) water cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) water injection rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) water cumulative injection at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) gas production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: sc f /day) gas cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: sc f ) gas injection rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: sc f /day) gas cumulative injection at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: sc f ) liquid production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) liquid cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) the oil plus water plus gas phase production rate (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day) 1908
13.9. Well and recurrent data
BHF-CP BHF-RI BHF-CI STI-RP STI-CP WTG-RP WTG-CP BHP WHP GOR WCUT WGR GLR MXX TEMP O2CONC
tNavigator-4.2
the oil plus water plus gas phase production cumulative (SI: m3 , FIELD: bbl) the oil plus water plus gas injection rate (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day) the oil plus water plus gas phase injection cumulative (SI: m3 , FIELD: bbl) intermediate liquid stream production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) intermediate liquid stream cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) wet gas stream production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: sc f /day) wet gas stream cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: sc f ) bottom hole pressure of the well (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) tubing head pressure of the well (SI: kPa, FIELD: psi) gas oil ratio at surface conditions water cut at surface conditions water gas ratio at surface conditions gas liquid ratio at surface conditions mole percent of component ”xx” in the well stream maximum temperature of all completions (SI: ◦C, FIELD: ◦ F) maximum oxygen mole fraction of all completions of a well
Table 2. Field quantity characteristic. STO-RP STO-CP STW-RP STW-CP STW-RI STW-CI STG-RP STG-CP STG-RI STG-CI STL-RP STL-CP BHF-RP BHF-CP BHF-RI
13.9.22. TRIGGER
oil production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) oil cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) water production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) water cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) water injection rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) water cumulative injection at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) gas production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: sc f /day) gas cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: sc f ) gas injection rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: sc f /day) gas cumulative injection at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: sc f ) liquid production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) liquid cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) the oil plus water plus gas phase production rate (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day) the oil plus water plus gas phase production cumulative (SI: m3 , FIELD: bbl) the oil plus water plus gas injection rate (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: bbl/day)
1909
13.9. Well and recurrent data
BHF-CI STI-RP STI-CP WTG-RP WTG-CP GOR WCUT WGR GLR MPWS MXX GWGR WWGR RECYSTG RECYSTW VOIDRPG VOIDRPW VOIDRPT STOR STORC OSTR OSTRC STOR2
STORC2
13.9.22. TRIGGER
tNavigator-4.2
the oil plus water plus gas phase injection cumulative (SI: m3 , FIELD: bbl) intermediate liquid stream production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) intermediate liquid stream cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: stb) wet gas stream production rate at surface conditions (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: sc f /day) wet gas stream cumulative production at surface conditions (SI: m3 , FIELD: sc f ) gas oil ratio at surface conditions water cut at surface conditions water gas ratio at surface conditions gas liquid ratio at surface conditions mole percent of component ”xx” in the well stream Ratio of gas production rate at surface conditions to the wet gas production rate at surface conditions ratio of water production rate at surface conditions to the wet gas production rate at surface conditions minimum field gas recycling rate (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: sc f /day) minimum field water recycling rate (SI: m3 /day, FIELD: stb/day) field voidage replacement ratio by gas injection field voidage replacement ratio by water injection field voidage replacement ratio by all injection streams Steam oil ratio (ratio of instantaneous steam injection / instantaneous oil production) for the field cumulative steam oil ratio (ratio of cumulative steam injected / cumulative oil production) for the field oil steam ratio (ratio of instantaneous oil production / instantaneous stream injection) for the field cumulative oil steam ratio (ratio of cumulative oil produced / cumulative steam injected) for the group steam oil ratio (ratio of instantaneous steam injection / instantaneous oil production) for the field. Difference from STOR is the following: trigger condition will be satisfied only if field oil rate and water injection rate is greater than 1.0e-20. cumulative steam oil ratio (ratio of cumulative steam injected / cumulative oil production) for the field. Difference from STORC is the following: trigger condition will be satisfied only if both field oil production cumulative and group water injection cumulative values are above 1.0e-20.
1910
13.9. Well and recurrent data
OSTR2
OSTRC2
tNavigator-4.2
oil steam ratio (ratio of instantaneous oil production / instantaneous stream injection) for the field. Difference from OSTR is the following: trigger condition will be satisfied only if both group oil production rate and group water injection rate values are above 1.0e-20. cumulative oil steam ratio at any given time (instantaneous). Difference from OSTRC is the following: trigger condition will be satisfied only if both group oil production cumulative and group water injection cumulative values are above 1.0e-20.
Symbol ’@’ in quotes can be used as notion for list of well which satisfy trigger condition. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ACTION (see 12.18.131). Example TRIGGER 'inj1' ON_WELL 'well* APPLY_TIMES 9000 *SHUTIN '@' END_TRIGGER
'
WHP < 5000.0
In the example trigger ”inj1” is set. It has ON_WELL type, list of testing wells is set by mask well*. Condition to test is ”tubing head pressure is less than 5000”. Maximal number of trigger performing is 9000 times. If trigger condition is satisfied then each well from list well*, which satisfy it, will be shut.
13.9.22. TRIGGER
1911
14. Keywords compatible with tNavigator and MORE
14
tNavigator-4.2
Keywords compatible with tNavigator and MORE
The general description of data formats that can be used in tNavigator, keywords’ syntax and reading of keywords in different formats are in the section – 11. This section describes all keywords which can be used in tNavigator in the following model formats:
tNavigator;
MORE.
This description pointed out if there are parameters of the keyword which are ignored by tNavigator or which usage is different from MORE. MORE keywords have 4 significant characters. For convenience (analogous to MORE) keywords are written in upper case. Sometimes for clarity all characters of the keyword may be written. For example: FLUI and FLUId. FLUI - the keyword with 4 significant characters. For convenience keyword are grouped in several sections similar to MORE Roxar sections.
INPUt Data Section (14.1)
FLUId Data Section (14.2)
RELAtive Permeability Data Section (14.3)
GRID Data Section (14.4)
INIT Data Section (14.5)
RECUrrent Data Section (14.6)
14. Keywords compatible with tNavigator and MORE
1912
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1
tNavigator-4.2
INPUt Data Section
14.1. INPUt Data Section
1913
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.1
tNavigator-4.2
INPUt
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword begins INPUt Data Section.
14.1.1. INPUt
1914
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.2
tNavigator-4.2
TITLe
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword specifies a header of the output file. Two title lines may be specified. Example TITLE First Test run 1971 TITLE Special run
14.1.2. TITLe
1915
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.3
tNavigator-4.2
PRINt
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword defines printing options for this section. The following parameters may be specified:
NONE – no printing of INPUt data,
ALL – printing of INPUt data.
Example PRIN ALL
14.1.3. PRINt
1916
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.4
tNavigator-4.2
UNIT
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword specifies the unit system of the simulation. The following systems are supported:
METR – Metric units,
POFU – practical oil field units,
FIELD – analogue of POFU,
IMP – analogue of POFU.
The table of units system is in the section 10.
Example UNIT METR
14.1.4. UNIT
1917
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.5
tNavigator-4.2
IDATe
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies the initial date of the simulation. The following parameters should be specified: 1. day of the month (1 or 2 digits); 2. month (first 3 letters of month) – JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC. JLY (July) is also possible; 3. year (2 or 4 digits); if only 2 digits are specified, a 20th century data is assumed. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue START (see 12.1.13). Example IDATE 18 MAY 2003
14.1.5. IDATe
1918
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.6
tNavigator-4.2
SDATe
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies starting date or time. If the starting time is greater than zero or the starting date is later then the initial date, the run will start at the date SDATe. If the keyword isn’t specified, the run will start at the initial date IDATe (see 14.1.5). The date may be entered in the following formates: 1. value DAYS, where value - the number of days after the initial date IDATe (see 14.1.5); 2. value MONT, where value - the number of month after the initial date IDATe (see 14.1.5); 3. value YEAR, where value - the number of years after the initial date IDATe (see 14.1.5); 4. data format is similar to IDATe (see 14.1.5). Example SDATE 0 YEARS
14.1.6. SDATe
1919
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.7
tNavigator-4.2
CNAMe
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies component names in the simulation. The names of all components should be specified. For black-oil the following names are possible:
OIL;
WATer;
GAS;
SOLVent;
STEAM;
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue CNAMES (see 12.13.4). Example CNAMe OIL GAS WAT
14.1.7. CNAMe
1920
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.8
tNavigator-4.2
IMPLicit
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword controls the degree of implicitness. One of the following parameters should be specified after this keyword:
FULL - fully implicit method;
ADAP - adaptive implicit method;
IMPE - IMPES method.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue IMPLICIT (see 12.1.75). Example IMPL FULL
14.1.8. IMPLicit
1921
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.9
tNavigator-4.2
INCLude
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
x INPU
x FLUI
x RELA
x GRID
x INIT
x RECU
This keyword is used to include input file with keyword into another file with keyword. Including file can contain keywords INCLUDE too. The file name should be enclosed in quotes. The only file can be specified after keyword INCLUDE. Example INCLude 'Well/hist_events.mrecu' In this example keyword is used to include file named ”hist_events.mrecu” from Well folder into a file with keyword.
14.1.9. INCLude
1922
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.10
tNavigator-4.2
SCMP
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies description of standard composition for a fluid stream. The following parameters should be specified: 1. in one line with the keyword:
composition name.
2. on the next line:
the list of mole fractions of each component in composition. The number of components is specified by the keyword CNAMe (see 14.1.7). Either sum of moles is 1, or quantity of moles of each component should be equal to 0. The data should be terminated with a slash /.
Default:
quantity of moles of each component: 0.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159). Example CNAME: N2 CO2 H2S C1 C2 C3 IC4 C4 IC5 C5 C6 C71 C72 C73 C74 C75 WATR / / SCMP: GAS - injected CO2 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 / / In the example the keyword SCMP (see 14.1.10) sets composition named ”GAS - injected CO2” and list of moles of each component.
14.1.10. SCMP
1923
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.11
tNavigator-4.2
DPORo
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets an option Dual Porosity enable during calculation. The following parameters should be specified:
[additional parameter] GRAV - use gravity drainage;
[additional parameter] NET - treat fracture permeabilities as net;
[additional parameter] SING - single grid will be used;
[additional parameter] FRAC - the number of matrix volume fractions in the single grid. This option should be used with the option SING.
Default:
FRAC: 1.
The number of model layers must be even. If option GRAV is used, then values of DZMA (see 14.4.31) should be specified. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DUALPORO (see 12.1.76). Example DPOR
14.1.11. DPORo
1924
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.12
tNavigator-4.2
EPS
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets scaling method of the relative permeability endpoints. The following parameters should be specified: 1. scaling method:
3POINT (analog: 3) - scale a capillary pressure curve at the connate, critical and upper saturations;
if other is specified, then curve will be scaled by 2 points: connate and upper saturations.
Default:
scaling method: 3POINT.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SCALECRS (see 12.6.26). Example EPS 3
14.1.12. EPS
1925
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.13
tNavigator-4.2
EPSP
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets scaling method of the capillary pressure endpoints. The following parameters should be specified: 1. scaling method:
0POINT (analogs: 0, OFF or NO) - turn off scaling;
2POINT (analog: 2) - scale at the connate and upper saturations;
3POINT (analog: 3) - scale at the connate, critical and upper saturations;
4POINT (analog: 4) - scale at the connate, critical, upper and other phase residual saturations.
Default: Option which is specified in the keyword EPS (see 14.1.12) is used by default. If EPS (see 14.1.12) is nit used, then option 3POINT will be set. Example EPS ESPS 4 In the example scaling method of the capillary pressure endpoints at 4 points is chosen.
14.1.13. EPSP
1926
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.14
tNavigator-4.2
DWPW
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to set the default well pressure weighting method. The following parameters should be specified: 1. if drawdown target is used, then these options can be specified:
DDRC - use cell pressure corrected to the external radius (PREX (see 14.6.21));
NODD - use cell pressure.
Default:
drawdown target option: DDRC.
Example DWPW NODD
14.1.14. DWPW
1927
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.15
tNavigator-4.2
OPEN
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
x INPU
x FLUI
x RELA
x GRID
x INIT
x RECU
The keyword is used to: 1. put all output files into directory, which is differ from default directory; 2. make restart from a model with another name. Note. Restart is available for the model calculated in tNavigator. I.e. base model should be calculated in tNavigator. Restart from calculation results of another simulator is not available. The following parameters should be specified: 1. in one line with the keyword (correspondingly to using meaning of this keyword):
ALL - first meaning;
IRST - second meaning.
2. in the following line:
file name. It should be quoted, if it contains whitespaces or slashes /.
Example OPEN ALL ’rst100’ In the example the keyword OPEN is used in first meaning. Output data will be written to the file rst100.
14.1.15. OPEN
1928
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.16
tNavigator-4.2
ETUNe
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to calculate connection factor via the following formula for hybrid and MORE-models: q CF = (CFx )2 + (CFy )2 + (CFz )2 , where CFx ,CFy ,CFz – connection factors in X -, Y -, Z -directions correspondingly. More detailed information is in the section Connection transmissibility calculation (CF and Kh). Example ETUN
14.1.16. ETUNe
1929
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.17
tNavigator-4.2
GPP
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keywords activates option of Generalized Pseudo-pressure (GPP) for all wells inflow calculations. The following parameters should be specified: 1. [additional parameter] ALL – option will be applied to all wells. If this parameter is absent, then keyword WGPP (see 14.6.65) should be specified. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PSEUPRES (see 12.18.232) Example GPP ALL
14.1.17. GPP
1930
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.18
tNavigator-4.2
MPGP
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword activates the using of multi-phase gas pseudo-pressure for well inflow calculation. The following parameters should be specified: 1. [additional parameter] ALL – option will be applied to all wells. If this parameter is absent, then keyword WMPG (see 14.6.66) should be specified. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PSEUPRES (see 12.18.232) Example MPGP ALL
14.1.18. MPGP
1931
14.1. INPUt Data Section
14.1.19
tNavigator-4.2
RG
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword indicates that Russell-Goodrich inflow equation to model the flow of gas between the completed grid blocks and the well will be used. The following parameters should be specified: 1. [additional parameter] ALL – option will be applied to all wells. If this parameter is absent, then keyword WRG (see 14.6.67) should be specified. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELSPECS (see 12.18.3) (8-th parameter). Example RG ALL
14.1.19. RG
1932
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2
tNavigator-4.2
FLUId Data Section
14.2. FLUId Data Section
1933
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.1
tNavigator-4.2
FLUId
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
This keyword begins FLUId Data Section. The type of model should be specified:
BLACk oil - black oil model;
EOS - compositional model.
Example FLUID BLACK
14.2.1. FLUId
1934
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.2
tNavigator-4.2
WATR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword sets water properties. The following parameters should be specified: 1. water density at standard conditions (METRIC: kg/m3 , FIELD: lb/ f t 3 ); 2. water density at reservoir temperature and reference pressure (METRIC: kg/m3 , FIELD: lb/ f t 3 ); 3. water compressibility (METRIC: 1/bar , FIELD: 1/psi); 4. reference pressure (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia); 5. water viscosity at reservoir conditions (METRIC: cP, FIELD: cP). The keyword has Eclipse compatible analogues DENSITY (see 12.5.23), PVTW (see 12.5.5). Example WATR 999.551 1008.59 4.77175e-05 276.804 0.31
14.2.2. WATR
1935
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.3
tNavigator-4.2
BASIc
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword is used to specify basic fluid properties. The following parameters should be specified: 1. oil density at stock tank conditions (METRIC: kg/m3 , FIELD: lb/ f t 3 ); 2. oil molecular weight; 3. gas molecular weight (if a value greater than 2 is supplied) or gas gravity (If a value less than 2 is supplied). The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DENSITY (see 12.5.23). Example BASI 786.684 190.0 0.792 In this example oil density at stock tank conditions is 786.684, oil molecular weight – 190.0, gas gravity – 0.792.
14.2.3. BASIc
1936
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.4
tNavigator-4.2
TEMPerature
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword is used to specify temperature for which PVT tables are entered (black oil model) (METRIC: ◦ C, FIELD: ◦ F).
Example TEMP 160 In this example temperature is 160 ◦ C.
14.2.4. TEMPerature
1937
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.5
tNavigator-4.2
OPVT
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword specifies oil PVT tables (black oil model). Each table’s row should be terminated with a slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters: 1. oil phase pressure (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia); 2. oil phase formation volume factor (METRIC: m3 /m3 , FIELD: rb/stb); 3. oil phase viscosity (METRIC: cP, FIELD: cP); 4. solution gas oil ratio (METRIC: 103 m3 /m3 , FIELD: msc f /stb); 5. [additional parameter] oil phase compressibility (METRIC: 1/bar , FIELD: 1/psi); 6. [additional parameter] normalized viscosity slope (METRIC: 1/bar , FIELD: 1/psi); 7. [additional parameter] surface tension (METRIC: dynes/cm, FIELD: dynes/cm). The keyword has Eclipse compatible analogues PVCO (see 12.5.6), PVCDO (see 12.5.3), DISGAS (see 12.1.56). Example OPVT 1.01 1.042 1.040 0.000178 / 17.25 1.130 0.975 0.016119 / 33.48 1.197 0.910 0.032059 / 68.96 1.265 0.830 0.066078 / 137.90 1.425 0.695 0.113277 / 171.38 1.480 0.641 0.138034 / 205.85 1.545 0.594 0.165640 / 273.80 1.675 0.510 0.226197 1.98702e-04 1.30534e-03 / 344.75 1.817 0.449 0.288179 / 620.54 2.337 0.203 0.531474 / / In this example oil PVT table is specified for 10 pressure values.
14.2.5. OPVT
1938
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.6
tNavigator-4.2
GPVT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
E100
x MORE
IMEX
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword specifies gas PVT tables (black oil model). Each table’s row should be terminated with a slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters: 1. gas phase pressure (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 2. gas phase formation volume factor (METRIC: m3 /103 m3 , FIELD: rb/Msc f ); 3. gas phase viscosity (METRIC: cP, FIELD: cP); 4. vapour oil-gas ratio (METRIC: m3 /103 m3 , FIELD: rb/Msc f ). The keyword has Eclipse compatible analogues PVDG (see 12.5.7), PVTG (see 12.5.8), VAPOIL (see 12.1.55). Example GPVT 1.014 935.9505 18.250 67.8971 35.487 35.2259 69.961 17.9498 138.909 9.0619 173.382 7.2653 207.856 6.0637 276.804 4.5534 345.751 3.6439 621.541 2.1672 /
0.0080 0.0096 0.0112 0.0140 0.0189 0.0208 0.0228 0.0268 0.0309 0.0470
/ / / / / / / / / /
In this example gas PVT table is specified for 10 pressure values.
14.2.6. GPVT
1939
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.7
tNavigator-4.2
EQUA
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword is specifies type of equation-of-state for compositional model. The following parameters should be specified: 1. type of equation:
RK - equation of Redlich-Kwong;
SRK - equation of Soave-Redlich-Kwong;
PR - equation of Peng-Robinson (1979 version).
Default:
equation type: PR.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue EOS (see 12.13.5). Example EQUA RK
14.2.7. EQUA
1940
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.8
tNavigator-4.2
KVSP
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
This keyword is used to set tables of transmissibility dependence on pressure for each rock region. Each line of the table should be terminated by a symbol /. The data should be terminated with a slash /. One line of the table should contain the following data: 1. pressure (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 2. permeability multiplier; 3. pore volume multiplier. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ROCKTAB (see 12.5.18). Example KVSP 21.74 0.9818 0.8915 / 65.22 0.9850 0.9012 / 108.70 0.9883 0.9341 / 195.65 0.9948 0.9768 / 282.61 1.0013 1.0194 / / This example sets one table of transmissibility dependence on pressure for one rock region.
14.2.8. KVSP
1941
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.9
tNavigator-4.2
KVPX / KVPY / KVPZ
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
These keywords sets tables of permeability multipliers in X , Y or Z -directions dependence on pressure. One line of the table should contain the following parameters: 1. pressure value (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 2. permeability multiplier value. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ROCKTAB (see 12.5.18). Example KVPX 21.74 0.8915 65.22 0.9123 108.70 0.9341 195.65 0.9768 282.61 1.0194 In the example permeability values in X direction dependence on pressure is specified.
14.2.9. KVPX / KVPY / KVPZ
1942
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.10
tNavigator-4.2
OPVD
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword sets table of black oil PVT properties for all PVT regions. Each line of the table should contain the following parameters:
bubble point pressure (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi);
oil formation volume factor (METRIC: m3 /103 m3 , FIELD: rb/stb);
oil viscosity (METRIC: cp, FIELD: cp).
Pressure values must increase with lines. Each table should be ended by a symbol /. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PVDO (see 12.5.2). Example OPVD 83.20 1.15 2.45 239.00 1.12 2.93 / 102.34 1.15 2.56 267.67 1.11 2.89 / In the example PVT-properties of black oil in 2 regions are specified.
14.2.10. OPVD
1943
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.11
tNavigator-4.2
OMGA
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keywords sets parameter Ωa for equation of state. It should be used after the keyword TEMP in FLUId section. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. in one line with the keyword:
[additional parameter] parameter format (one of the following variants): – CONS - constant value of Ω◦a is specified; – MULT - multiplier values are specified.
2. in the following line:
values for i-th component (one of the following variants): – multipler value (MULT); – constant value Ω◦a (CONS).
Default:
parameter format: MULT.
Example CNAME: N2 CO2 H2S C1 C2 C3 IC4 C4 IC5 C5 C6 C71 C72 C73 C74 C75 WATR / ... OMGA MULTIPLIERS: 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 In the example for each component multiplier values for Ωa are specified. Components are specified via the keyword CNAMe (see 14.1.7). Each multiplier is equal to 1.
14.2.11. OMGA
1944
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.12
tNavigator-4.2
OMGB
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword sets parameter Ωb of equation of state. This parameter should be specified for that temperature values for which non-default values are required. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. in one line with the keyword:
[additional parameter] parameter format (one of the following variants): – CONS - constant value of Ω◦b is specified; – MULT - multiplier values are specified.
2. in the following line:
values for i-th component (one of the following variants): – multipler value (MULT); – constant value Ω◦a (CONS).
Default:
parameter format: MULT.
Example CNAME: N2 CO2 H2S C1 C2 C3 IC4 C4 IC5 C5 C6 C71 C72 C73 C74 C75 WATR / ... OMGB MULTIPLIERS: 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000 In the example for each component multiplier values for Ωb are specified. Components are specified via the keyword CNAMe (see 14.1.7). Each multiplier is equal to 1.
14.2.12. OMGB
1945
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.13
tNavigator-4.2
VOLU
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword is full analog of the keyword SSHIFT (see 12.13.41) which is used by Eclipse.
14.2.13. VOLU
1946
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.14
tNavigator-4.2
SDEN
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword is used to specify oil and gas densities at surface conditions. By this keyword it is possible to define different densities for each PVT-region. The following parameters should be specified: 1. oil density at surface conditions (METRIC: kg/m3 , FIELD: lb/ f t 3 ); 2. gas density at surface conditions (METRIC: kg/m3 , FIELD: lb/ f t 3 ); Default:
oil density at surface conditions: 881 kg/m3 (METRIC), 55 lb/ f t 3 (FIELD);
gas density at surface conditions: 0.8446 kg/m3 (METRIC), 0.0527 lb/ f t 3 (FIELD).
Analogous to this keyword is 1st and 3rd parameters of the keyword DENSITY (see 12.5.23), which is used by Eclipse. Alternative for the keyword SDEN (see 14.2.14) is the keyword BASI (see 14.2.3). Example UNIT METR ... SDEN 600 1.0 In the example by the keyword SDEN (see 14.2.14) oil and gas densities at surface conditions are specified. They are equal to 600 and 1 kg/m3 correspondingly.
14.2.14. SDEN
1947
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.15
tNavigator-4.2
VCOR
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword redefines coefficients in Lohrenz-Bray-Clark (3.3.1) equation of viscosity correlation. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. values format: – MULT - values specified below are used in 3.8 as multipliers for default values of ai ; – CONS - values specified below are used in 3.8 instead of default values of ai .
in the following line: 1. 5 values of ai , which will be used in 3.8.
Default:
coefficient values which are used in 3.8: 1. 0.10230; 2. 0.023364; 3. 0.058533; 4. -0.040758; 5. 0.0099324.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue LBCCOEF (see 12.13.36). Example VCOR MULT 3* 0.989 1.005 In the example the keyword VCOR specifies coefficients for Lohrenz-Bray-Clark equation the following way: the first 3 coefficients are default, 4-th is multiplied by 0.989, 5-th is multiplied by 1.005.
14.2.15. VCOR
1948
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.16
tNavigator-4.2
F(DE
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword sets system initial conditions dependence on depth. System must be at state of equilibrium. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. [additional parameter] EQUIL region number for which function is set.
in the following lines a table is specified. Each line of this table should contain: 1. depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 2. temperature for fluid properties (only for black-oil models) (METRIC: FIELD: ◦ F );
◦C ,
3. initial saturation pressure (only for black-oil models) (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). 4. initial composition. It can be set by name (see the keyword SCMP (see 14.1.10)), or by entering a series of mole fractions. They must sum to 1. Each data line should be ended by the symbol /.. Default:
EQUIL region number: if number is omitted then properties are applied to entire grid;
initial composition: 0 for each component.
Example F(DE 300.000 360.000 400.000 600.000
2* 2* 2* 2*
14.2.16. F(DE
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
/ / / /
1949
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.17
tNavigator-4.2
INTE (FLUID)
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword is used to specify binary interaction coefficients for an equation-of-state model. In the next lines a table with the following columns is set: 1. subkeyword ROW which sets coefficients input method: coefficients are specified for all components with a lower component number. Components are numerated in the same order in which they are defined in the keyword CNAM (see 14.1.7); 2. component name; 3. binary interaction coefficients. Their amount depends on a component number. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue BIC (see 12.13.32). The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
binary interaction coefficients: 0 for unspecified pairs.
Example CNAM N2 CO2 H2S C1 C2 C3 WATR INTE ROW CO2 0.00000 ROW H2S 0.13000 0.05000 ROW C1 0.02500 0.10500 0.07000 ROW C2 0.01000 0.05000 0.08500 0.00000 ROW C3 0.09000 0.05000 0.08000 0.00000 0.00000 / In the example the table of binary interaction coefficients for 6 components is specified.
14.2.17. INTE (FLUID)
1950
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.18
tNavigator-4.2
PROP
Data format Section
x tNavigator E100
E300
x MORE
IMEX
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword is used to define component properties in an equation-of-state model. The following parameters should be specified: 1. name or number of the component (numbering is set by the order of specified components in the keyword CNAM (see 14.1.7)); 2. molecular weight; 3. critical temperature (METRIC: ◦ K , FIELD: ◦ R); 4. critical pressure (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 5. acentric factor; 6. critical Z-factor; 7. this is a MORE compatibility field. Gravity of the liquid; 8. component parachor. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Example PROP N2 28.000 227.300 493.000 0.04500 0.28295 0.80800 41.000 CO2 44.000 547.600 1070.600 0.23100 0.27327 0.82700 70.000 H2S 34.100 672.400 1306.000 0.10000 0.28958 0.78920 41.000 C1 16.000 343.000 667.800 0.01200 0.32824 0.30000 77.000 C2 30.100 549.800 707.800 0.09100 0.32408 0.35630 108.000 C3 44.100 665.700 616.300 0.14500 0.31899 0.50690 150.300 / In the example properties for 6 components are set.
14.2.18. PROP
1951
14.2. FLUId Data Section
14.2.19 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
TRAC (FLUI) x tNavigator
Section
E100
E300 IMEX
x MORE
GEM
STARS
INPU
x FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
The keyword defines tracer. The following parameters should be specified: 1. tracer name; 2. component name which is assigned to tracer. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue TRACER (see 12.7.1). Example TRAC TRC1 H2S In the example tracer TRC1 is assigned with component H2S.
14.2.19. TRAC (FLUI)
1952
14.3. RELAtive Permeability Data Section
14.3
tNavigator-4.2
RELAtive Permeability Data Section
14.3. RELAtive Permeability Data Section
1953
14.3. RELAtive Permeability Data Section
14.3.1
tNavigator-4.2
RELA
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
INPU
FLUI
x RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
STARS
The keyword begins RELAtive Permeability Section.
Example RELA
14.3.1. RELA
1954
14.3. RELAtive Permeability Data Section
14.3.2
tNavigator-4.2
WETT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
INPU
FLUI
x RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
STARS
The keyword specifies wettability options and the method of three phase relative permeability calculations. The following options can be specified: 1. wettability (in order of decreasing wettability): OIL (oil, water and gas) or WATEr (water, oil and gas); 2. method of three phase relative permeability calculations: STN1 (Stone 1 model) or STN2 (Stone 2 model) or LINE (Three phase relative permeability data obtained as straight line interpolation between the two phase relative permeability tables KRWO (see 14.3.3), KRGO (see 14.3.4)). STN1 is analogous to an Eclipse compatible keyword STONE1 (see 12.6.20); STN2 is analogous to an Eclipse compatible keyword STONE2 (see 12.6.21); LINE is analogous to Eclipse and tNavigator default interpolation of three phase relative permeability data. Example WETT LINE
14.3.2. WETT
1955
14.3. RELAtive Permeability Data Section
14.3.3
tNavigator-4.2
KRWO
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
INPU
FLUI
x RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
STARS
The keyword specifies relative permeability tables for water-oil systems. Each table’s row should be terminated with a slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters: 1. water saturation; 2. water permeability; 3. oil permeability; 4. oil-water capillary pressure; 5. ignored, this is a MORE compatibility field; 6. ignored, this is a MORE compatibility field. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWOF (see 12.6.1) (four parameters of this keyword correspond to SWOF four parameters). Example KRWO 0.1200 0.00 1.0 / 0.200 0.00 1.0 / 0.6000 0.3 0.3 / 1.000 1.00 0.0 / / In this example relative permeability table for water-oil systems is specified for 4 pressure values.
14.3.3. KRWO
1956
14.3. RELAtive Permeability Data Section
14.3.4
tNavigator-4.2
KRGO
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
INPU
FLUI
x RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
STARS
The keyword specifies relative permeability tables for gas-oil systems. Each table’s row should be terminated with a slash /. Each row consists of the following parameters: 1. gas saturation; 2. gas permeability; 3. oil permeability; 4. gas-oil capillary pressure; 5. ignored, this is a MORE compatibility field; 6. ignored, this is a MORE compatibility field. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGOF (see 12.6.2) (four parameters of this keyword correspond to SGOF four parameters). Example KRGO 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0200 0.0000 0.9970 0.0500 0.0050 0.9800 0.1200 0.0250 0.7000 0.25 0.1250 0.2000 / 0.3 0.1900 0.090 / 0.45 0.6000 0.0100 / 0.5 0.7200 0.0010 / 0.7 0.9400 0.000 / 0.88 1.0000 0.0000 / /
/ / / /
In this example relative permeability table for gas-oil systems is specified for 10 pressure values.
14.3.4. KRGO
1957
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4
tNavigator-4.2
GRID Data Section
14.4. GRID Data Section
1958
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.1
tNavigator-4.2
GRID
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword begins GRID Section.
14.4.1. GRID
1959
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.2
tNavigator-4.2
VERT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies a vertical data input mode. tNavigator supports the following MORE input data modes:
VERT BLOCK - grid array layers are input successively in a vertical order.
Example VERT BLOCK
14.4.2. VERT
1960
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.3
tNavigator-4.2
HORI
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies a horizontal data input mode. tNavigator supports the following MORE input data modes:
HORI BLOCK - values of parameter enters in every cell of block layer.
14.4.3. HORI
1961
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.4
tNavigator-4.2
SIZE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies size and type of grid. The following parameters should be specified: 1. number of grid cells in X-direction; 2. number of grid cells in Y-direction; 3. number of grid cells in Z-direction; 4. CARTesian can be specified additionally - The Cartesian coordinate system (this option can not be specified, because only the Cartesian system is supported). The keyword is analogous to an Eclipse keyword DIMENS (see 12.1.25). Example SIZE 120 120 10 Coordinate system of size 120x120x10 is set in this example.
14.4.4. SIZE
1962
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.5
tNavigator-4.2
DATUm
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword specifies the value of datum depth. There are two ways of specifying the datum depth:
specifies the value of depth only. In this case bottom hole pressures will be converted to the datum depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t );
specifies the value of depth and parameter TOPC. In this case bottom hole pressures will be set to the top open completion of a well (or the top completion if no completions are open).
The keyword is analogous to an Eclipse keyword DATUM (see 12.15.34). Example DATUM 2560.32 In this example the specified value of datum depth is 2560.32 meters. Bottom hole pressures will be calculated for specified depth.
14.4.5. DATUm
1963
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.6
tNavigator-4.2
X-DIrection
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword defines grid spacing in the X-direction. The next line after keyword has to contain the way of specifying data. tNavigator supports the following MORE ways:
VARI - definition of block sizes in X-direction (different block sizes, non-uniform grid). After CONS should be specified all grid blocks lengths in X-direction in meters;
CONS - specify a uniform grid spacing in X-direction. After CONS total value of length in X-direction should be specified in meters.
The keyword is analogous to an Eclipse keyword DX (see 12.2.2). Example X-DIRECTION CONSTANT 3048.0 In the example specified a uniform grid spacing and a total grid length of 3048 in the X-direction. Example X-DIRECTION VARIABLE 100 2*95 5*110 200 400 600 In the example specified grid spacings of varying lengths in the X-direction.
14.4.6. X-DIrection
1964
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.7
tNavigator-4.2
Y-DIrection
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword defines grid spacing in the Y-direction. The next line after keyword has to contain the way of specifying data. tNavigator supports the following MORE ways:
VARI - definition of block sizes in Y-direction (different block sizes, non-uniform grid). After CONS should be specified all grid blocks lengths in Y-direction in meters;
CONS - specify a uniform grid spacing in Y-direction. After CONS total value of length in Y-direction should be specified in meters.
The keyword is analogous to an Eclipse keyword DY (see 12.2.2). Example Y-DIRECTION CONSTANT 3048.0 In the example specified a uniform grid spacing and a total grid length of 3048 in the Y-direction. Example Y-DIRECTION VARIABLE 100 2*95 5*110 200 400 600 In the example specified grid spacings of varying lengths in the Y-direction.
14.4.7. Y-DIrection
1965
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.8
tNavigator-4.2
DEPTh / ZGRI
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword defines values of cells depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ). tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of input data and editing it in a vertical direction:
l1 : l2 - region of block layers in a vertical direction. If region is not specified, then all layers will be selected;
UNIForm - the array is constant layer-by-layer: then values are specified for one layer only;
VARIable - the array is changed layer-by-layer;
TOPS (TOP) - values are specified only for the upper part of layer.
tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of data input and editing it in horizontal direction:
VARIable - for every layer the full set of values should be entered;
CONStant - for every layer the only constant value should be entered;
ZVARiable - values are constant in one layer; values for all layers should be specified once (one value for every layer).
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue TOPS (see 12.2.6). Example DEPTH 1 TOP CONSTANT 2537.46 In the example the depth of a top layer of cells is 2537.46 meters. The given depth is constant for all cells of a top layer.
14.4.8. DEPTh / ZGRI
1966
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.9
tNavigator-4.2
THICkness
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword defines values of cells thickness (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ). tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of input data and editing it in a vertical direction:
l1 : l2 - region of block layers in a vertical direction. If region is not specified, then all layers will be selected;
UNIForm - the array is constant layer-by-layer: then values are specified for one layer only;
VARIable - the array is changed layer-by-layer;
TOPS (TOP) - values are specified only for the upper part of layer.
tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of data input and editing it in horizontal direction:
VARIable - for every layer the full set of values should be entered;
CONStant - for every layer the only constant value should be entered;
ZVARiable - values are constant in one layer; values for all layers are specified once (one value for every layer).
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DZ (see 12.2.2). Example THICKNESS ZVARIABLE 6.0 6.5 6.8 In the example the thickness of all cells of the first layer is 6 meters, of the second one is 6.5 meters, of the third one is 6.8 meters.
14.4.9. THICkness
1967
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.10 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
POROsity x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword defines values of cells porosity. tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of input data and editing it in a vertical direction:
l1 : l2 - region of block layers in a vertical direction. If region is not specified, then all layers will be selected;
UNIForm - the array is constant layer-by-layer: then values are specified for one layer only;
VARIable - the array is changed layer-by-layer;
TOPS (TOP) - values are specified only for the upper part of layer.
tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of data input and editing it in horizontal direction:
VARIable - for every layer the full set of values should be entered;
CONStant - for every layer the only constant value should be entered;
ZVARiable - values are constant in one layer; values for all layers should be specified once (one value for every layer).
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PORO (see 12.2.24). Example POROSITY UNIF CONSTANT 0.3
In the example porosity is defined as constant layer-by-layer (POROSITY UNIF). The value is specified only in one layer. Porosity values in one layer are equal to 0.3.
14.4.10. POROsity
1968
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.11
tNavigator-4.2
MINPv
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword MINP is used to specify a minimum pore volume tolerance (rm3 ). The cells which have pore volume less than specified value will be made inactive. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The keyword should be followed by parameters that define the way of data specification and a number which defines minimal value of pore volume. tNavigator supports the following parameters of MORE data input:
VALU. If this parameter is set, all cells, which has absolute pore volume less than the specified value, will be inactive (Example 2).
MORE. Use MORE volume units (METRIC: m3 , FIELD: f t 3 ).
ECLI. Use Eclipse volume units (METRIC: m3 , FIELD: rb).
Default.
If the keyword is not specified at all, the minimum pore volume is – 0.000001.
The keyword is set without additional parameters of data input (Example 1). The cells which have pore volume less than specified ratio (to the average pore volume) will be made inactive.
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue MINPV (see 12.2.30). Example 1: Example MINPV 0.001/ Make cells which have the value of pore volume less than 0.1% (to the average pore volume) inactive. Example 2: Example MINPV VALU 0.001/ Make cells with the value of pore volume less than 0.001 rm3 inactive.
14.4.11. MINPv
1969
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.12 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
K_X / K_Y / K_Z x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword defines values of cells permeability in X-, Y-, Z-direction (METRIC: mD, FIELD: mD). tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of input data and editing it in a vertical direction:
l1 : l2 - region of block layers in a vertical direction. If region is not specified, then all layers will be selected;
UNIForm - the array is constant layer-by-layer: then values are specified for one layer only;
VARIable - the array is changed layer-by-layer;
TOPS (TOP) - values are specified only for the upper part of layer.
tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of data input and editing it in horizontal direction:
VARIable - for every layer the full set of values should be entered;
CONStant - for every layer only one value should be entered;
ZVARiable - values are constant in one layer; values for all layers should be specified once (one value for every layer).
The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PERMX (see 12.2.13), PERMY (see 12.2.13), PERMZ (see 12.2.13). Example K_X ZVARIABLE 500.0 500.0 500.0 K_Z ZVARIABLE 50.0 50.0 50.0 In the example the value of permeability of all cells and all layers in X-direction is equal to 500, the one in Z-direction is equal to 50.
14.4.12. K_X / K_Y / K_Z
1970
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.13
tNavigator-4.2
CROC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword defines rock compressibility values for cells which are defined by the keyword REFE (see 14.4.14) (METRIC: 1/bar , FIELD: 1/psi). Default:
rock compressibility values: 0.
tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of input data and editing it in a vertical direction:
l1 : l2 - region of block layers in a vertical direction. If region is not specified, then all layers will be selected;
UNIForm - the array is constant layer-by-layer: then values are specified for one layer only;
VARIable - the array is changed layer-by-layer;
TOPS (TOP) - values are specified only for the upper part of layer.
tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of data input and editing it in horizontal direction:
VARIable - for every layer the full set of values should be entered;
CONStant - for every layer only one value should be entered;
ZVARiable - values are constant in one layer; values for all layers should be specified once (one value for every layer).
Analogous to this keyword is the 2-nd parameter of the keyword ROCK (see 12.5.16), which is used by Eclipse. Example CROCK UNIF CONSTANT 4.35114e-05 In the example value of rock compressibility is defined as constant layer-by-layer (CROCK UNIF). The value is specified only in one layer. Rock compressibility values in one layer are equal to 4.35114e-05.
14.4.13. CROC
1971
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.14
tNavigator-4.2
REFE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword defines reference pressure, which defines rock compressibility values for cells (CROC (see 14.4.13)) (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia). Default:
reference pressure: 1.01325 atm.
tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of input data and editing it in vertical direction:
l1 : l2 - region of block layers in a vertical direction. If region is not specified, then all layers will be selected;
UNIForm - the array is constant layer-by-layer: then values are specified for one layer only;
VARIable - the array is changed layer-by-layer;
TOPS (TOP) - values are specified only for the upper part of layer.
tNavigator supports the following MORE modes of input data and editing it in horizontal direction:
VARIable - for every layer the full set of values should be entered;
CONStant - for every layer only one value should be entered;
ZVARiable - values are constant in one layer; values for all layers should be specified once (one value for every layer).
Analogous to this keyword is the 1-st parameter of the keyword ROCK (see 12.5.16), which is used by Eclipse. Example REFE UNIF CONSTANT 276.804 In the example reference pressure is defined as constant layer-by-layer(REFE UNIF). The value is specified only in one layer. Reference pressure values in one layer are equal to 276.804.
14.4.14. REFE
1972
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.15
tNavigator-4.2
ACTN
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword is used to specify active and inactive cells. 1 – cell is active, 0 – cell is inactive. Symbol ”*” can be used to specify repeating values in neighbour cells. Default:
1 in all cells.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ACTNUM (see 12.2.29). Example ACTN 100*1 In the example the value 1 is applied to 100 neighbour cells. Example ACTN 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
In the example cells activity of grid of size 5˜o4˜o1 is specified.
14.4.15. ACTN
1973
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.16
tNavigator-4.2
COORd
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specify coordinate lines. Geometry of grid is building by these lines. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. ZXY or X&Y: – ZXY - (Nx + 1) · (Ny + 1) coordinate lines are specified, each of them is defined by two points with different depths. (Nx - the number of blocks in X -direction, Ny - the number of blocks in Y -direction); – X&Y - only x - and y-coordinates specified. In z-direction lines are parallel to other lines. 2. [additional parameter] VERT - make coordinate lines to be vertical by specifying positions of all points below each line to average values of specified values.
in the next line: 1. values of coordinates.
The data should be terminated with a slash /. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue COORD (see 12.2.8). Default:
ZXY or X&Y: ZXY;
Example COOR 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 1 1 /
0 0 1 1 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
In the example 6 coordinate lines are specified; each of them is specified by three coordinates of two points with different depths.
14.4.16. COORd
1974
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.17
tNavigator-4.2
FIPN
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
For every grid block this keyword specifies the fluid-in-place region to which it belongs. Default: 1. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue FIPNUM (see 12.4.10). Example FIPN 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 / In the example 4 regions are specified.
14.4.17. FIPN
1975
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.18
tNavigator-4.2
SATNum / ROCK
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every grid block specifying the saturation function region to which it belongs. The following parameters should be specified: 1. number of saturation region for each grid block. Default:
number of saturation region: 1.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SATNUM (see 12.4.3). Example SIZE 5 3 2 ... SATN 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 In the example 2 saturation regions are specified for grid 5x3x2.
14.4.18. SATNum / ROCK
1976
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.19
tNavigator-4.2
AQCD
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to connect aquifer at specified depth. The following parameters should be specified: 1. aquifer name (it is specified via the keyword AQCT (see 14.4.21)); 2. aquifer connection depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 3. [additional parameter] equilibration region of this connection. Default:
equilibration regions: all regions.
Aquifer will be connected with all cells which are above specified depth. Any cell, which is fully below specified depth, is inactive. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue AQUANCON (see 12.16.10). Example AQCD horizont 2300 In the example the keyword AQCD is used to connect aquifer ’horizont’ at depth 2300 in all equilibration regions.
14.4.19. AQCD
1977
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.20
tNavigator-4.2
AQCO
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to specify blocks to which aquifer will be connected. The following parameters should be specified: 1. aquifer name (it is specified via the keyword AQCT (see 14.4.21)); 2. i-coordinate of the first cell to connect aquifer; 3. i-coordinate of the last cell to connect aquifer; 4. j -coordinate of the first cell to connect aquifer; 5. j -coordinate of the last cell to connect aquifer; 6. k -coordinate of the first cell to connect aquifer; 7. k -coordinate of the last cell to connect aquifer; 8. face to connect aquifer. Possible values: X+, X−, Y +, Y −, Z+ or Z− (or their analogues, correspondingly I+, I−, J+, J−, K+, K−). Default:
i-coordinate of the first cell to connect aquifer: 1;
i-coordinate of the last cell to connect aquifer: Nx ;
j -coordinate of the first cell to connect aquifer: 1;
j -coordinate of the last cell to connect aquifer: Ny ;
k -coordinate of the first cell to connect aquifer: 1;
k -coordinate of the last cell to connect aquifer: Nz ;
face to connect aquifer: all possible faces (i.e. ones, which has no neighbor active cells).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue AQUANCON (see 12.16.10). Example AQCO horizont_1 58 58 1 9 1* 1* x+/ AQCO horizont_2 27 27 1 10 1* 1* x+/ In the example the keyword AQCO is used to connect aquifer ’horizont’.
14.4.20. AQCO
1978
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.21
tNavigator-4.2
AQCT
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword specifies Carter-Tracy aquifer properties. After that you need to specify connections of the aquifer with grid via the keyword AQCO (see 14.4.20). The following parameters should be specified: 1. aquifer name; 2. reference depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 3. aquifer permeability (mD); 4. aquifer porosity; 5. total aquifer compressibility (sum of water and rock compressibility) (METRIC: 1/bar , FIELD: 1/psi); 6. inner aquifer radius (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 7. influence angle (angle between formation and aquifer) ( ◦ ); 8. aquifer height (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 9. initial pressure at reference depth (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 10. water viscosity (cP); 11. [additional parameter] water pressure table index. IGNORED, this is a MORE compatibility field; 12. [additional parameter] influence function table index AQUT, which specifies pressure dependence on time. IGNORED, this is a MORE compatibility field; 13. [additional parameter] EQUI - the aquifer will be set up in equilibrium with the pressure in reservoir; 14. [additional parameter] NOBACK - used to deny water backflow; Default:
initial pressure at reference depth: initial reservoir pressure;
index of table AQUT: 0.
14.4.21. AQCT
1979
14.4. GRID Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue AQUCT (see 12.16.8). Example AQCT horizont 3168 10 0.07 0.000045 2500 360 0.8 1*/ In the example Carter-Tracy aquifer is created. It is named ’horizont’. Aquifer depth 3168 m, permeability - 10, porosity - 0.07, total compressibility - 0.000045, inner radius - 2500, influence angle - 360, height - 0.8. Initial pressure at reference depth is set up in equilibrium with the pressure in reservoir.
14.4.21. AQCT
1980
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.22
tNavigator-4.2
AQFE
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword specifies Fetkovitch aquifer properties. After that you is need to specify connections of the aquifer with grid via the keyword AQCO (see 14.4.20). The following parameters should be specified: 1. aquifer name; 2. reference depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 3. initial pore volume of the aquifer (METRIC: sm3 , FIELD: stb); 4. total aquifer compressibility (sum of water and rock compressibility) (METRIC: 1/bar , FIELD: 1/psi); 5. aquifer productivity coefficient (METRIC: sm3 /day/bar , FIELD: stb/day/psi); This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue AQUFETP (see 12.16.6). Example AQFE horizont1 6250 1.0E9 3E-7 18800 In the example Fetkovitch aquifer ’horizont1’ is defined. Aquifer depth is 6250, initial pore volume is 1.0E9, total compressibility is 3E-7 and productivity coefficient is 18800.
14.4.22. AQFE
1981
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.23
tNavigator-4.2
AQUW
Data format
x tNavigator E100
Section
E300
x MORE
IMEX
STARS
x INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets water saturation in water zone. The following parameters should be specified: 1. YES or NO:
YES – set up water saturation in water zone to 1;
NO – water saturation is set to maximal value of it in the table – SWU.
It is allowed to use ON and OFF instead of YES and NO correspondingly. The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
YES or NO: YES.
Example AQUW YES / In the example water saturation value in water zone is set to 1. Example AQUW NO / In the example water saturation value in water zone is set to residual saturation.
14.4.23. AQUW
1982
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.24
CONS (GRID)
Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
x INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to assign constant value of parameter to one or several layers of grid. The following parameters should be specified: 1. value to assign to layers.
if this keyword is used after the keyword X-DI (see 14.4.6) or Y-DI (see 14.4.7). In this case the keyword CONS specifies blocks size in X - or Y -direction correspondingly. The following parameters should be specified: 1. total length of grid in X - or Y -direction (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ).
Example CROC CONS 4e-05 CONS 3e-05 / In the example values of rock compressibility coefficients are specified for the first and the second grid layers. They are equal to 4e-05 and 3e-05 correspondingly. Example Y-DIRECTION CONSTANT 3048.0 In the example uniform grid in Y-direction is specified. Its total length is 3048 m.
14.4.24. CONS (GRID)
1983
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.25
tNavigator-4.2
DEFI
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
x INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to specify name of a new array. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: – name to assign to a new array;
in the next line: – name of this array. it should be quoted. It can be empty, but then this line should be empty. IGNORED, this is a MORE compatibility field.
Example DEFI PINIT ’ORIGINAL PERMEABILITY’ In the example name PINIT is specified for a new array.
14.4.25. DEFI
1984
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.26
tNavigator-4.2
DPSS
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
x INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets that dual porosity source/sink model will be used during calculation. This keyword is using single grid. The following parameters should be specified:
[additional parameter] GRAV - use gravity drainage option;
[additional parameter] NET - treat fracture permeabilities as net.
Example DPSS NET In the example the keyword DPSS (see 14.4.26) sets that dual porosity model with single grid and net values of fracture permeabilities will be used.
14.4.26. DPSS
1985
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.27
tNavigator-4.2
FSAT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every fracture grid block specifying the saturation function region to which it belongs. This keyword is used in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The number of specified values should be equal to the number of fracture cells. The following parameters should be specified:
number of saturation region for each fracture block.
Default:
number of saturation region: correspondingly to the keyword SATN (see 14.4.18).
Example FSAT 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 In the example disposition of two regions are specified.
14.4.27. FSAT
1986
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.28
tNavigator-4.2
FSWA
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
By this keyword water saturation values for each fracture block is specified. This keyword is in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. water saturation values for each fracture block. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWAT (see 12.15.10). Example FSWA 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 In the example water saturation values are specified for 17 fracture blocks.
14.4.28. FSWA
1987
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.29
tNavigator-4.2
FPVT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every fracture block specifying the PVT region to which it belongs. This keyword is in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The number of specified values should be equal to the number of fracture cells. The following parameters should be specified: 1. PVT region number. Default:
PVT region number: correspondingly to the keyword PVTN (see 14.4.30).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PVTNUM (see 12.4.2). Example FPVT 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 In the example for 10 fracture blocks disposition of 3 PVT regions is specified.
14.4.29. FPVT
1988
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.30
tNavigator-4.2
PVTN
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every grid block specifying the PVT region to which it belongs. The number of values should be equal to the number of blocks. The following parameters should be specified: 1. PVT region number. Default:
PVT region number: 1 for each block.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PVTNUM (see 12.4.2). Example SIZE 5 3 2 ... PVTN 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 / This example defines disposition of three PVT-regions with different PVT properties for a 5x3x2 grid.
14.4.30. PVTN
1989
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.31
tNavigator-4.2
DZMA
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue DZMTRXV (see 12.2.76).
14.4.31. DZMA
1990
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.32
tNavigator-4.2
EQUI / EQLN
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every grid block specifying the equilibrium region to which it belongs. Use symbol ”*” to specify the same consecutive values. For each equilibrium region its initial conditions must be specified via the keyword EQUI (see 14.5.4). Default:
1 for all blocks.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue EQLNUM (see 12.4.9). Example EQLN 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 This example defines disposition of two equilibration regions for a 5x3x2 grid.
14.4.32. EQUI / EQLN
1991
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.33
tNavigator-4.2
F(PO
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
x INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies values array of some parameter as a porosity function. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. [additional parameter] interpolation method: LOGA (logarithmic interpolation) or LINE (linear interpolation).
in the following lines a table with two columns is specified. Each line of this table should contain: 1. porosity value; 2. array value, which corresponds to this porosity value.
Porosity values should be specified before the keyword F(PO (see 14.4.33). The data should be terminated with a slash /. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PORO (see 12.2.24). Default:
interpolation method: LINE.
Example K_Y UNIF F(PO 0.31 100 0.36 150 0.39 450 0.41 650 / In the example permeability values in Y -direction are set via the keyword F(PO. Interpolation method is linear.
14.4.33. F(PO
1992
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.34
tNavigator-4.2
FAUL
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to mark a group of connections as a fault for the following modification by the keyword FMUL (see 14.4.35). Marked connections can define a part of the fault or several faults.The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. fault name; 2. starting layer in Z -direction; 3. ending layer in Z -direction;
in the next line: 1. i-coordinate of block corner of fault beginning; 2. j -coordinate of block corner of fault beginning; 3. TO-I / TO-J: – TO-I - fault is in I -direction; – TO-J - fault is in J -direction. 4. i- or j -coordinate (depending on value of previous parameter) of point, to which fault directed.
Default:
starting layer: 1;
ending layer: nz .
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue FAULTS (see 12.2.37). Example FAUL f607-611 1 19 58 83 TO-I 65 TO-J 86 TO-I 63 TO-J 88 TO-I 61 TO-J 92/ In the example via the keyword FAUL (see 14.4.34) faults are defined the following way: fault name is f607-611; starting fault layer is 1, ending one is 19; coordinates of block corner of fault beginning are: 58 in I , 83 in J ; then fault goes to coordinate 65 in I -direction; then it goes to coordinate 86 in J -direction and so on.
14.4.34. FAUL
1993
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.35
tNavigator-4.2
FMUL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets transmissibility multiplier of fault, which is defined by the keyword FAUL (see 14.4.34). The following parameters should be specified: 1. fault name; 2. transmissibility multiplier value. Default:
transmissibility multiplier value: 0.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue MULTFLT (see 12.2.38). Example FAUL f607-611 1 19 58 83 TO-I 65 TO-J 86 TO-I 63 TO-J 88 TO-I 61 TO-J 92/ / FMUL f607-611 0.05 / In the example the keyword FMUL (see 14.4.35) sets transmissibility multiplier value for fault f607-611, which is equal to 0.05. Fault f607-611 was defined via the keyword FAUL (see 14.4.34).
14.4.35. FMUL
1994
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.36
tNavigator-4.2
FCRO
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets rock compressibility values of fracture blocks. This keyword is used in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. rock compressibility values for each fracture block.
Default:
rock compressibility values: correspondingly to the keyword CROC (see 14.4.13).
Example FCRO UNIF CONS 0.0197 In the example the keyword FCRO sets values of rock compressibility for fracture blocks. They are equal to 0.0197.
14.4.36. FCRO
1995
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.37
tNavigator-4.2
FKX / FKY / FKZ
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
These keywords specify the array of permeability values of fracture blocks in X - / Y - / Z - directions correspondingly. These keywords are used in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. permeability values of fracture blocks. Default:
values of FKY and FKZ: FKX.
Example FKX 0 0 0.56 0.58 0.55 0.55 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.53 0 0
0 0.55 0.54 0.58 0.56 0.53 0
In the example permeability values in X -direction are specified for 21 fracture blocks.
14.4.37. FKX / FKY / FKZ
1996
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.38
tNavigator-4.2
FMLX / FMLY / FMLZ
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
These keywords set array of transmissibility multipliers of fracture blocks in Ox / Oy / Oz- directions correspondingly. These keywords are used in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. transmissibility multipliers of fracture blocks. Default:
transmissibility multipliers of fracture blocks: 1.
Example FMLX 10*3 In the example the keyword FMLX sets value of transmissibility which, is equal 3, for all fracture blocks.
14.4.38. FMLX / FMLY / FMLZ
1997
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.39
tNavigator-4.2
FEQL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every fracture block specifying the equilibrium region to which it belongs. This keyword is used in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. equilibrium region number to which belongs fracture block. Default:
equilibrium region number: correspondingly to the keyword EQLN (see 14.4.32).
Example EQLN 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 This example defines disposition of two equilibration regions for fracture.
14.4.39. FEQL
1998
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.40
tNavigator-4.2
FPOR
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword specifies porosity value for each fracture block. This keyword is used in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. porosity value for each fracture block. Default: None. Example FPOR 0.79 0.52 0.66 0.89 0.58 0.61 0.75 0.67 0.62 0.63 0.68 0.82 In the example porosity values are specified for all fracture blocks.
14.4.40. FPOR
1999
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.41
tNavigator-4.2
FREF
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets reference pressure values which defines rock compressibility values for fracture blocks. This keyword is used in dual porosity model with single grid (see DPOR (see 14.1.11)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. reference pressure values for each fracture block (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). Default:
reference pressure values: correspondingly to the keyword REFE (see 14.4.14).
Example FREF 5*15 5*20 In the example 2 different reference pressure values are specified for 10 fracture blocks. They are equal to 15 and 20 bars correspondingly.
14.4.41. FREF
2000
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.42
tNavigator-4.2
IEQ
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword returns 1 if its parameters are equal and returns 0 otherwise. This keyword has 2 parameters, each or them is value of some expression. Example K_X=0.001*IEQ (ACTNUM,0)+(692272*PORO**5.25)*IEQ (ACTNUM,1) In the example value of K_X (see 14.4.12) is calculated. The value of ACTNUM (see 12.2.29) is comparing with 0 and 1 via the keyword IEQ.
14.4.42. IEQ
2001
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.43
tNavigator-4.2
INTE (GRID)
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
x INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies distance weighted interpolation for array of values. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. exponential weighting coefficient (minimal value: 0.1; maximal value: 10); 2. number of nearest neighbors to interpolate (minimal value: 2; maximal value: is not limited); 3. interpolation range (values outside this range will be ignored) (minimal value: 10−6 ; maximal value: is not limited); 4. NOXY or ALLX or TRIP: – NOXY - values of x and y are not specified, values which was entered before will be used; function values at this points only are specified; – ALLX - all values of y and all function values are specified for all values x ; – TRIP - triplets (x, y, v) are specified, where v is the function value; 5. [additional parameter] SWIT - switch to another file with data to read.
in the next line: 1. coordinate of i-th point of interpolation in X -direction; 2. coordinate of i-th point of interpolation in Y -direction; 3. function value at point (xi , yi )
Default:
exponential weighting coefficient: 1.0;
number of nearest neighbors to interpolate: 4;
interpolation range: unlimited;
NOXY or ALLX or TRIP: TRIP;
14.4.43. INTE (GRID)
2002
14.4. GRID Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Example KZ UNIF / INTE 1 4 1000 ALLX / 100 500 800 / 100 500 800 / 1 5 8 / / In the example the keyword INTE (see 14.4.43) with ALLX option is used to set permeability values in Z -direction.
14.4.43. INTE (GRID)
2003
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.44
tNavigator-4.2
KPTA
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be followed by one integer for every grid block specifying the number of rock region - transmissibility dependence on pressure table - to which it belongs. Tables for each rock region are specifying using the keyword KVSP (see 14.2.8). The following parameters should be specified: 1. the number of rock region for each cell of grid. The number of specified integers should be equal to the number of grid cells. The table number should not be less or equal the second parameter of the keyword KVSP (see 14.2.8). Default:
the number of rock region: 1 for each grid cell.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ROCKNUM (see 12.4.14). Example KPTA 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 This example defines disposition of four rock regions for 30 cells of grid.
14.4.44. KPTA
2004
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.45
tNavigator-4.2
LAYE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be specified after the keyword Y-DI (see 14.4.7), but before pore volume and transmissibility modifiers. This keyword is used to unify grid layers into groups to specify their common properties. Such groups are named geological layers. The following parameters should be specified:
the number of layers in each geological layer.
The data should be terminated with a slash /. Example LAYE 1 3 2 3*1 / In the example 9 layers of model are grouped into 6 geological layers.
14.4.45. LAYE
2005
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.46
tNavigator-4.2
LEVJ
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to specify Leverett J-factors to modify capillary pressures (the keywords XPCG, XPCW). They will be calculated via Leverett J-function: r PORO XPCG = LEV J · KX Analogous formula is true for the keyword XPCW too. The following parameters should be specified: 1
1. J-factors for each grid cell (METRIC, FIELD: md 2 ). Example LEVJ 50*4 1
In the example J-factors are specified for 50 grid cells. They are equal to 4 md 2 .
14.4.46. LEVJ
2006
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.47
tNavigator-4.2
LGRD
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies a Cartesian local grid refinement (LGR). LGRD specifies a cell or a box of cells identified by its global grid coordinates X1-X2, Y1-Y2, Z1-Z2, to be replaced by refined cells. The following parameters should be specified: 1. number of refined cells along X -direction; 2. number of refined cells along Y -direction; 3. number of refined cells along Z -direction; 4. lower coordinate of the box in the parent grid (along X -direction); 5. upper coordinate of the box in the parent grid (along X -direction); 6. lower coordinate of the box in the parent grid (along Y -direction); 7. upper coordinate of the box in the parent grid (along Y -direction); 8. lower coordinate of the box in the parent grid (along Z -direction); 9. upper coordinate of the box in the parent grid (along Z -direction); 10. name of the local grid refinement. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue CARFIN (see 12.2.87). Example LGRD 3 3 4 18 18 3 3 1 2 LGR1 In this example there is local grid refinement LGR1 of global grid. Box: layers 1 and 2 of global l grid (in Z direction), layer 18 in X direction, layer 3 in Y , – are replaced by Cartesian LGR 3x3x4.
14.4.47. LGRD
2007
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.48
tNavigator-4.2
MINDznet
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword is used to make cells inactive. Cell becomes inactive if its thickness is less than specified value (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ). Default:
0.1 m (0.32808 ft).
Example MIND 0.2 In the example cells, which thickness is less than 0.2 m, will become inactive.
14.4.48. MINDznet
2008
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.49
tNavigator-4.2
MODI
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to modify data array values. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. first coordinate of modifying block in X -direction; 2. last coordinate of modifying block in X -direction; 3. first coordinate of modifying block in Y -direction; 4. last coordinate of modifying block in Y -direction; 5. first coordinate of modifying block in Z -direction; 6. last coordinate of modifying block in Z -direction; 7. [additional parameter] ZERO - values which are less than minimal one will be set to 0. Minimal value is set in the following line; 8. [additional parameter] NINT - round the values to the nearest integer.
in the following line: 1. value to add to all array values; 2. value by which all array values will be multiplied; 3. minimal value; 4. maximal value;
Default:
first coordinate of modifying block in X -direction: 1
last coordinate of modifying block in X -direction: Nx ;
first coordinate of modifying block in Y -direction: 1;
last coordinate of modifying block in Y -direction: Ny ;
first coordinate of modifying block in Z -direction: 1
last coordinate of modifying block in Z -direction: Nz ;
14.4.49. MODI
2009
14.4. GRID Data Section
value to add to all array values: 0;
value by which all array values will be multiplied: 1;
minimal value: 0;
maximal value: 1020 ;
tNavigator-4.2
Example KX MODI 1 63 1 65 2* 2* 120/ In the example values of array KX are changing.
14.4.49. MODI
2010
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.50
tNavigator-4.2
MULX / MULY / MULZ (MX / MY / MZ, M_X / M_Y / M_Z, M-X / M-Y / M-Z, MULTX / MULTY / MULTZ)
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
These keywords are used to specify transmissibility multipliers in X -, Y - and Z directions. The following parameters should be specified:
transmissibility multipliers values.
Analogous to these keywords are the keywords MULTX (see 12.2.15), MULTX- (see 12.2.16), MULTY (see 12.2.17), MULTY- (see 12.2.18), MULTZ (see 12.2.19), MULTZ(see 12.2.20) which are used by Eclipse. Example SIZE 5 5 4 ... MULX 100*2 In this example transmissibility multipliers are specified for all cells in X-direction. They all are equal to 2.
14.4.50. MULX / MULY / MULZ (MX / MY / MZ, M_X / M_Y / M_Z, M-X / M-Y / M-Z, MULTX / MULT
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.51
tNavigator-4.2
PINCh
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to pinch out blocks which thickness is less than specified value. The following parameters should be specified: 1. in one line with the keyword:
[additional parameter] ON or OFF – ON - pinchout is turned on; – OFF - pinchout is turned off.
2. in the following line:
block thickness (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ).
Default:
ON or OFF: ON;
block thickness: 0.1 m.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PINCH (see 12.2.54). Example UNITS FIELD ... PINCH ON 1 / In the example all blocks which thickness is less than 1 ft will be pinched out.
14.4.51. PINCh
2012
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.52
tNavigator-4.2
PORV
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is analogous to the keyword PVOL (see 14.4.53) with the option REPL. This keyword uses another units – METRIC: m3 , FIELD: stb.
14.4.52. PORV
2013
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.53
tNavigator-4.2
PVOL / RVOL / PVR
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
These keywords are used to modify values of pore volume array (METRIC: m3 , FIELD: f t 3 ). The following parameters should be specified: 1. coordinate of the first block to modify in X -direction; 2. coordinate of the last block to modify in X -direction; 3. coordinate of the first block to modify in Y -direction; 4. coordinate of the last block to modify in Y -direction; 5. coordinate of the first block to modify in Z -direction; 6. coordinate of the last block to modify in Z -direction; 7. modification type: MODI (see 14.4.49) or REPL (see 14.4.58). In the following line should be specified: 1. if the keyword MODI (see 14.4.49) is used:
value to add (add );
multiplier (mult );
minimal value (min);
maximal value (max ).
New values (valuenew ) is calculated by the formula: valuenew = MINIMUM{max, add + mult · valueoriginal }, where valueoriginal - original value. 2. if the keyword REPL (see 14.4.58) is used:
new values for blocks, which coordinates are specified above.
Default:
14.4.53. PVOL / RVOL / PVR
2014
14.4. GRID Data Section
coordinate of the first block to modify in X -direction: 1;
coordinate of the last block to modify in X -direction: Nx ;
coordinate of the first block to modify in Y -direction: 1;
coordinate of the last block to modify in Y -direction: Ny ;
coordinate of the first block to modify in Z -direction: 1;
coordinate of the last block to modify in Z -direction: Nz ;
modification type: MODI;
value to add: 0;
multiplier: 1;
minimal value: 0;
maximal value: 1020 .
tNavigator-4.2
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PORV (see 12.2.27). Example PVOL 63 63 2 120 2* MODI 0 3000/ In the example the keyword PVOL is used to increase cells pore volume in 3000 times.
14.4.53. PVOL / RVOL / PVR
2015
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.54
tNavigator-4.2
T_X / T_Y / T_Z (TX / TY / TZ, T-X / T-Y / T-Z)
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
These keywords are used to modify values of transmissibility array (METRIC: m3 , FIELD: f t 3 ). The following parameters should be specified: 1. coordinate of the first block to modify in X -direction; 2. coordinate of the last block to modify in X -direction; 3. coordinate of the first block to modify in Y -direction; 4. coordinate of the last block to modify in Y -direction; 5. coordinate of the first block to modify in Z -direction; 6. coordinate of the last block to modify in Z -direction; 7. modification type: MODI (see 14.4.49) or REPL (see 14.4.58). In the following line should be specified: 1. if the keyword MODI (see 14.4.49) is used:
value to add (add );
multiplier (mult );
minimal value (min);
maximal value (max ).
New values (valuenew ) is calculated by the formula: valuenew = MINIMUM{max, add + mult · valueoriginal }, where valueoriginal - original value. 2. if the keyword REPL (see 14.4.58) is used:
new values for blocks, which coordinates are specified above.
Default:
coordinate of the first block to modify in X -direction: 1;
14.4.54. T_X / T_Y / T_Z (TX / TY / TZ, T-X / T-Y / T-Z)
2016
14.4. GRID Data Section
coordinate of the last block to modify in X -direction: Nx ;
coordinate of the first block to modify in Y -direction: 1;
coordinate of the last block to modify in Y -direction: Ny ;
coordinate of the first block to modify in Z -direction: 1;
coordinate of the last block to modify in Z -direction: Nz ;
modification type: MODI;
value to add: 0;
multiplier: 1;
minimal value: 0;
maximal value: 1020 .
tNavigator-4.2
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue TRANX (see 12.2.51), TRANY (see 12.2.52), TRANZ (see 12.2.53). Example TX 28 31 98 100 1 4 0 2 In the example transmissibility values along X for specified blocks are modified be the keyword MODI (see 14.4.49). They are will increase in 2 times.
14.4.54. T_X / T_Y / T_Z (TX / TY / TZ, T-X / T-Y / T-Z)
2017
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.55
tNavigator-4.2
VARI
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword should be specified after one of the keyword X-DI (see 14.4.6), Y-DI (see 14.4.7). This keyword specifies sizes of blocks in X - or Y -directions. The following parameters should be specified: 1. size of i-th grid interval (not more than Nx (or Ny ) values). Example Y-DIRECTION VARIABLE 100 2*95 5*110 200 400 600 In the example non-uniform grid along Y with different interval values is specified.
14.4.55. VARI
2018
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.56
tNavigator-4.2
NNC
Data format
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
Section
GEM
The keyword is used to specify non-neighbour connections. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. MULT [additional parameter] - values are recognized as transmissibility values; 2. MORE / ECLI - use MORE units (METRIC: md − m; FIELD: md − f t ) or Eclipse units (METRIC: rm3 · cp/bar ; FIELD: rb · cp/psi); 3. ONPD vp [additional parameter] - don’t use these connections while the pressure difference across them don’t exceeds specified value vp.
in the following line: 1. X -coordinate of first cell from non-neighbour connection; 2. Y -coordinate of this cell; 3. Z -coordinate of this cell; 4. X -coordinate of last cell from non-neighbour connection; 5. Y -coordinate of this cell; 6. Z -coordinate of this cell; 7. non-neighbor connection transmissibility.
The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
units: ECLI.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue NNC (see 12.2.48). Example NNC 123 70 123 70 115 64 116 64 /
14 14 65 66
126 125 115 116
68 67 62 63
16 16 67 68
1000 1000 1000 1000
In the example 4 non-neighbour connections are specified.
14.4.56. NNC
2019
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.57
tNavigator-4.2
NTG / NTOG
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to specify net-to-gross values for each cell of grid. Same values Symbol ”*” can be used to specify repeating values in neighbour cells. Default: 1 for each cell. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue NTG (see 12.2.25). Example NTG 100*0.2784 In the example net-to-gross value 0.2784 is specified for 100 grid cells. Example NTG 0.60 0.60 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.60 0.62 0.62
0.60 0.62 0.60 0.62
0.60 0.62 0.60 0.62
0.60 0.62 0.60 0.62
0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62
0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62
0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62
0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62
0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62
In this example net-to-gross values are specified for 40 grid cells.
14.4.57. NTG / NTOG
2020
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.58
tNavigator-4.2
REPL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to modify array values. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. first coordinate of modifying block in X -direction; 2. last coordinate of modifying block in X -direction; 3. first coordinate of modifying block in Y -direction; 4. last coordinate of modifying block in Y -direction; 5. first coordinate of modifying block in Z -direction; 6. last coordinate of modifying block in Z -direction;
in the following line: 1. new values of modifying array;
Default:
first coordinate of modifying block in X -direction: 1
last coordinate of modifying block in X -direction: Nx ;
first coordinate of modifying block in Y -direction: 1;
last coordinate of modifying block in Y -direction: Ny ;
first coordinate of modifying block in Z -direction: 1
last coordinate of modifying block in Z -direction: Nz ;
Example SWL REPL 71 73 101 103 154 184 279*0.38/ In the example SWL (see 12.6.27) values are changed. New value of this parameter (0.38) is assigned to specified blocks.
14.4.58. REPL
2021
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.59
tNavigator-4.2
SGCR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies critical gas saturation in each cell for end point scaling. The following parameters should be specified: 1. critical gas saturation for each cell. The number of entered values must be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
critical gas saturation: corresponding to the keyword KRGO (see 14.3.4).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGCR (see 12.6.31). Example SGCR 50*0.35 50*0.45 This example defines critical gas saturation which is equal to 0.35 for first 50 blocks of the grid and to 0.45 for last 50 blocks.
14.4.59. SGCR
2022
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.60
tNavigator-4.2
SGL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword defines connate gas saturation for grid blocks, used for saturation end point scaling. The following parameters should be specified: 1. connate gas saturation for each grid block. The number of entered values must be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
connate gas saturation: corresponding to the keyword KRGO (see 14.3.4).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGL (see 12.6.29). Example SGL 50*0.35 50*0.45 This example defines connate gas saturation which is equal to 0.35 for first 50 blocks of the grid and to 0.45 for last 50 blocks.
14.4.60. SGL
2023
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.61
tNavigator-4.2
SGU
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword defines maximal gas saturation for grid blocks, used for saturation end point scaling. The following parameters should be specified: 1. maximal gas saturation for each grid block. The number of entered values must be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
maximal gas saturation: corresponding to the keyword KRGO (see 14.3.4).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SGU (see 12.6.35). Example SGU 50*0.75 50*0.85 This example defines maximal gas saturation which is equal to 0.75 for first 50 blocks of the grid and to 0.85 for last 50 blocks.
14.4.61. SGU
2024
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.62
tNavigator-4.2
SOGC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword defines critical oil-to-gas saturation for grid blocks, used for saturation end point scaling. The following parameters should be specified: 1. critical oil-to-gas saturation for each grid block. The number of entered values must be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
critical oil-to-gas saturation: corresponding to the keyword KRGO (see 14.3.4).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SOGCR (see 12.6.33). Example SOGCR 50*0.35 50*0.45 This example defines critical oil-to-gas saturation which is equal to 0.35 for first 50 blocks of the grid and to 0.45 for last 50 blocks.
14.4.62. SOGC
2025
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.63
tNavigator-4.2
SOWC
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword defines critical oil-to-water saturation for grid blocks, used for saturation end point scaling. The following parameters should be specified: 1. critical oil-to-water saturation for each grid block. The number of entered values must be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
critical oil-to-water saturation: corresponding to the keyword KRGO (see 14.3.4).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SOWCR (see 12.6.32). Example SOWCR 50*0.15 50*0.20 This example defines critical oil-to-water saturation which is equal to 0.15 for first 50 blocks of the grid and to 0.20 for last 50 blocks.
14.4.63. SOWC
2026
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.64
tNavigator-4.2
SWU
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword defines maximal water saturation for grid blocks, used for saturation end point scaling. The following parameters should be specified: 1. maximal water saturation for each grid block. The number of entered values must be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
maximal water saturation: corresponding to the keyword KRWO (see 14.3.3).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWU (see 12.6.34). Example SWU 0.94 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.00
1.00 0.95 1.00 0.97
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99
In the example the keyword SWU sets maximal water saturation for 20 cells of grid.
14.4.64. SWU
2027
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.65
tNavigator-4.2
SWL
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword defines minimal water saturation for grid blocks, used for saturation end point scaling. The following parameters should be specified: 1. minimal water saturation for each grid block. The number of entered values must be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
minimal water saturation: corresponding to the keyword KRWO (see 14.3.3).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWL (see 12.6.27). Example SWL 50*0.35 50*0.45 This example defines minimal water saturation which is equal to 0.35 for first 50 blocks of the grid and to 0.45 for last 50 blocks.
14.4.65. SWL
2028
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.66
tNavigator-4.2
SWCR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
This keyword defines critical water saturation for grid blocks, used for saturation end point scaling. The following parameters should be specified: 1. critical water saturation for each grid block. The number of entered values must be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
critical water saturation: corresponding to the keyword KRWO (see 14.3.3).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SWCR (see 12.6.30). Example SWCR 50*0.35 50*0.45 This example defines critical water saturation which is equal to 0.35 for first 50 blocks of the grid and to 0.45 for last 50 blocks.
14.4.66. SWCR
2029
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.67
tNavigator-4.2
XKRG
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets scaling multipliers for the relative permeability values of gas at the maximum gas saturation which is defined by oil-gas relative permeability curve (the keyword KRGO (see 14.3.4)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. multipliers for gas relative permeability values for each grid block. The number of entering values should be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
multipliers for gas relative permeability values: 1 for each grid block.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue KRG (see 12.6.44). Example XKRG 0.97 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.00 0.97 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.97
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.93
This example defines scaling multipliers for 20 grid blocks.
14.4.67. XKRG
2030
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.68
tNavigator-4.2
XKRO
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets scaling multipliers for the relative permeability values of oil at the maximum oil saturation which is defined by water-oil relative permeability curve (the keyword KRWO (see 14.3.3)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. multipliers for the oil relative permeability values for each grid block. The number of entering values should be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
multipliers for the oil relative permeability values: 1 for each grid block.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue KRO (see 12.6.42). Example XKRO 0.96 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.95
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.94
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99
This example defines scaling multipliers for 20 grid blocks.
14.4.68. XKRO
2031
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.69
tNavigator-4.2
XKRW
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets scaling multipliers for the relative permeability values of water at the maximum water saturation which is defined by water-oil relative permeability curve (the keyword KRWO (see 14.3.3)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. multipliers for the water relative permeability values for each grid block. The number of entering values should be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
multipliers for the water relative permeability values: 1 for each grid block.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue KRW (see 12.6.43). Example XKRW 0.94 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.00
1.00 0.95 1.00 0.97
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99
This example defines scaling multipliers for 20 grid blocks.
14.4.69. XKRW
2032
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.70
tNavigator-4.2
XPCG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets scaling multipliers for the capillary pressure values of gas-oil system which is defined by gas-oil relative permeability curve (the keyword KRGO (see 14.3.4)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. multipliers for the capillary pressure values for each grid block. The number of entering values should be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
multipliers for the capillary pressure values: 1 for each grid block.
Example XPCG 0.96 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.95
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.94
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99
This example defines scaling multipliers for 20 grid blocks.
14.4.70. XPCG
2033
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.71
tNavigator-4.2
XPCW
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets scaling multipliers for the capillary pressure values of water-oil system which is defined by water-oil relative permeability curve (the keyword KRGO (see 14.3.4)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. multipliers for the capillary pressure values for each grid block. The number of entering values should be equal to the number of grid blocks. Default:
multipliers for the capillary pressure values: 1 for each grid block.
Example XPCW 0.96 1.00 0.96 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.95
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.94
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99
This example defines scaling multipliers for 20 grid blocks.
14.4.71. XPCW
2034
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.72
tNavigator-4.2
YKRW
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is full analog of the keyword KRWR (see 12.6.43) which is used by Eclipse.
14.4.72. YKRW
2035
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.73
tNavigator-4.2
ZCORn
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword sets z-coordinate values of block tops, i.e. their depth values. The following parameters should be specified:
depth values (must be specified 8 · Nx · Ny · Nz numbers) (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue ZCORN (see 12.2.9). Example ZCORn 36*1524.00 36*1534.00 36*1534.00 36*1544.00 36*1544.00 36*1554.00 In this example depth values are specified. They are specified for grid which size is 3x3x3.
14.4.73. ZCORn
2036
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.74
tNavigator-4.2
ZVAR
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to set layer-by-layer values of some parameter. ZVAR (see 14.4.74) should be used with the name of data array. The following parameters should be specified: 1. values of a parameter for each layer.
Default:
values of a parameter: 0.
Example SWL ZVAR 43*0.375 In the example SWL (see 12.6.27) values in 43 layers of the model are equal to 0.375.
14.4.74. ZVAR
2037
14.4. GRID Data Section
14.4.75
tNavigator-4.2
TSUM
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
x GRID
INIT
RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to modify the ratio of sum of transmissibilities to pore volume in each block. It limits the transmissibilities in selected areas of the reservoir so that reasonable properties are saved and stability problems of calculation are avoided. This keyword should be used at the end of the section GRID (see 14.4.1), before the section INIT (see 14.5.1). The following parameters should be specified:
in the same line with the keyword: 1. x -coordinate of the first cell; 2. x -coordinate of the last cell; 3. y-coordinate of the first cell; 4. y-coordinate of the last cell; 5. z-coordinate of the first cell; 6. z-coordinate of the last cell;
in the following line: 1. multiplier of initial value; 2. maximal value. All ratio values which exceed this value will be reduced to this maximal value.
Default:
x -coordinate of the first cell: 1;
x -coordinate of the last cell: Nx ;
y-coordinate of the first cell: 1;
y-coordinate of the last cell: Ny ;
z-coordinate of the first cell: 1;
z-coordinate of the last cell: Nz ;
multiplier of initial value: 1;
maximal value: 1020 .
14.4.75. TSUM
2038
14.4. GRID Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Example TSUM 4* 7 7 1* 0.06 In the example the keyword TSUM (see 14.4.75) is applied to each block of the 7-th layer, for which ratio of sum of transmissibilities to pore volume exceeds 0.06. For these blocks this ratio will be set to this value.
14.4.75. TSUM
2039
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5
tNavigator-4.2
INIT Data Section
14.5. INIT Data Section
2040
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.1
tNavigator-4.2
INIT
Data format
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The keyword is a INIT section header and it should be used first. The keyword has one parameter: 1. EQUI or NEQU:
EQUI - specifies equilibrium initialization;
NEQU - specifies non-equilibrium initialization.
Equilibrium initialization is used by default. Example INIT EQUI
14.5.1. INIT
2041
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.2
tNavigator-4.2
PBVD
Data format Section
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The keyword should be used with the option EQUI (see 14.5.4). It specifies dependence between depth and oil bubble point in each equilibration region. These data will be used to calculate initial conditions. This keyword is alternative to the keyword RSVD (see 14.5.3). The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. number of the region, for which data is specifying.
on the next line the table with two columns is specifying: 1. depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 2. oil bubble point pressure at this depth (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia). The data should be terminated with a slash /.
Default:
if a number of region is absent, then data will be applied to the whole grid.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue PBVD (see 12.15.4). Example PBVD 2000 250 2500 310 3000 350 / In this example the data for one equilibration region is specified.
14.5.2. PBVD
2042
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.3
tNavigator-4.2
RSVD
Data format Section
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This keyword specifies solution gas-oil ratio distribution in each equilibration region. This data is used in initial conditions computations. The keyword should be used with the option EQUI (see 14.5.4). This keyword is alternative to the keyword PBVD (see 14.5.2). The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. number of equilibration region to which data applies.
in the next line the table with two columns is specifying: 1. depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 2. solution gas-oil ratio value at this depth (METRIC: ksm3 /sm3 , FIELD: msc f /stb). The data should be terminated with a slash /.
Default:
if a number of region is absent, then data will be applied to the whole grid.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue RSVD (see 12.15.3). Example RSVD 2000 0.06 2500 0.068 3000 0.0735 / In this example the data for one equilibration region is specified.
14.5.3. RSVD
2043
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.4
tNavigator-4.2
EQUI
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The keyword is specifies properties of each equilibration region which are used in calculation of initial conditions. The following parameters should be specified: 1. depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 2. pressure at this depth (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 3. depth of gas-oil contact (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 4. capillary pressure at depth of gas-oil contact (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 5. depth of water-oil contact (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 6. capillary pressure at depth of water-oil contact (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). Default:
depth of gas-oil contact: depth of top cell of reservoir;
capillary pressure at depth of gas-oil contact: 0;
depth of water-oil contact: depth of bottom cell of reservoir;
capillary pressure at depth of water-oil contact: 0.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue EQUIL (see 12.15.2). Example EQUI 2330 237 2* 2320.8 0 2330 237 2* 2335.8 0
14.5.4. EQUI
2044
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.5
tNavigator-4.2
RVVD
Data format
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This keyword specifies for each equilibrium region initial vaporized oil concentration distribution, used in initial conditions computations. This keyword should be used with the keyword EQUI (see 14.5.4). The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. number of equilibration region to which data is applied.
on the next line the table with two columns is specifying: 1. depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 2. vaporized oil concentration value at this depth (METRIC: sm3 /sm3 , FIELD: Msc f /stb). The data should be terminated with a slash /.
Default:
if a number of region is absent, then data will be applied to the whole grid.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue RVVD (see 12.15.5). Example RVVD 2000 0.00060 2500 0.00068 3000 0.000735 / In this example the data for one equilibration region is specified.
14.5.5. RVVD
2045
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.6
CONS (INIT)
Data format
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if option EQUI is used at section definition. Then this keyword is used to specify initial values of temperature, pressure, gas and water saturation and components for system, which is in equilibrium. The following parameters should be specified: – in one line with the keyword: 1. [additional parameter] number of equilibration region for which data is specified; – in the next line: 1. initial temperature for fluid properties (only for black-oil systems) (METRIC: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ); 2. initial saturation pressure (only for black-oil systems) (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 3. initial composition (for EOS-systems only). It can be specified be the keyword SCMP (see 14.1.10) or by the mole values sum of which is 1.
if option NEQU is used at section definition. Then this keyword is used to specify initial values of temperature, pressure, gas and water saturation and components for system, which is not in equilibrium. The following parameters should be specified: – in one line with the keyword: 1. [additional parameter] number of equilibration region for which data is specified; – in the next line: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
initial initial initial initial initial
14.5.6. CONS (INIT)
temperature for fluid properties (METRIC: ◦C , FIELD: ◦ F ); pressure (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); saturation pressure (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); gas saturation; water saturation;
2046
14.5. INIT Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
6. initial composition (for EOS-systems only). It can be specified be the keyword SCMP (see 14.1.10) or by the mole values sum of which is 1.
Default:
number of equilibration region for which data is specified: all regions;
the mole values of initial composition: all values are 0.
initial water saturation: Swc ;
Example UNIT METR ... INIT EQUI ... CONS 1 87 282 / In the example properties for EOS-system are specified. Initial pressure is 87◦ , initial saturation pressure is 282 bars.
14.5.6. CONS (INIT)
2047
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.7
tNavigator-4.2
GOCX
Data format Section
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The keyword can be used only if option EQUI (see 14.5.4) is used. The keyword specifies that oil composition at gas-oil contact will be used as gas composition. The following parameters should be specified: 1. a number of equilibration region to which this data applies. Default:
this condition will be applied to all blocks of grid.
Example GOCX
14.5.7. GOCX
2048
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.8
tNavigator-4.2
GOCY
Data format Section
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The keyword can be used only if option EQUI (see 14.5.4) is used. The keyword specifies that gas composition at gas-oil contact will be used as oil composition. The following parameters should be specified: 1. a number of equilibration region to which this data applies. Default:
this condition will be applied to all blocks of grid.
Example GOCY 2 In the example it is specified that this condition will be applied to the 2-nd region.
14.5.8. GOCY
2049
14.5. INIT Data Section
14.5.9
tNavigator-4.2
SEPA
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The keyword sets separator properties. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. well group to which separator to be applied; 2. flash calculation method: – EOS – equation-of-state. 3. separator oil density calculation option: – ZFAC – equation-of-state Z-factor is used.
in the next line: 1. separator values table. This table contains the following columns: (a) temperature of the separator stage; (b) pressure of the separator stage; (c) [additional parameter] destination of the liquid of the stage. Possible values: – −1 – add this fluid to the stock tank total rate; – 0 – add this fluid to the next stage; – > 0 (index) – add this fluid to the later stage with specified index. If this parameter is specified, then parameter (d) must be specified too. (d) [additional parameter] destination of the vapor of the stage. This parameter has the same possible values as parameter (c).
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue SEPCOND (see 12.18.144). Example SEPA ALL EOS ZFAC 90 815 80 65 60 14.7
14.5.9. SEPA
2050
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6
tNavigator-4.2
RECUrrent Data Section
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
2051
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.1
tNavigator-4.2
RECU
Data format Section
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The keyword is a RECU section header and it should be used first. Example RECU
14.6.1. RECU
2052
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.2
tNavigator-4.2
RATE
Data format Section
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The keyword allows to control the rate output (record data on disk with specified time period). tNavigator supports the following options of this keyword:
step increment - time period value of information recording;
DAYS - unit of step increment is day;
MONThs - unit of step increment is month;
YEARs - unit of step increment is year;
The keyword has an tNavigator compatible analogue RPTGRAPHD (see 12.17.2). Example RATE 1 MONT In the example record of graphs with period one time per month is configured.
14.6.2. RATE
2053
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.3
tNavigator-4.2
EFILe
Data format Section
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The keyword is used for including file which contains well events. The EFILe (see 14.6.3) keyword should be preceded by the keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12) which defines the format of the event data in the specified file. Name of file should be quoted. After EFILe can be specified only one file name. No symbols are required to indicate the end of data at the end of file. The end of included file is regarded as the end of data. Alternative way of data specification. Events can be specified in a table in a text of a basic file (without including of a new file by EFILe). In this case table should be enclosed with keywords ETAB (see 14.6.5) and ENDE (see 14.6.7) (or /). In the included file events are specified by the keywords which are sub-keywords of EFILe (see 14.6.3) (or ETAB correspondingly) and these sub-keywords can not be used independently. It is specified in the description of the given keywords. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue INCLUDE (see 12.1.73). Example EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' EFILe '..INCLUDE/perf.inc' /
MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT
EFILe '..INCLUDE/events.inc' / In the example two event files from INCLUDE directory are included. For file of connections perf.inc format is specified by the keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12): well name (WELL), date (in DD.MM.YYYY format), first measured depth (MDL), second measured depth (MDU), radius (RAD), skin (SKIN), transmissibility multiplier (MULT). File perf.inc can contain, for example, the following data:
14.6.3. EFILe
2054
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Example 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1405.0 1527.0 1* 1* 1* 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1534.0 1542.0 1* 1* 0.5 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1544.0 1550.0 1* 1* 1.5 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1559.0 1569.0 1* 1* 1.5 21 01.12.1990 PERF 1389.0 1536.0 1* 1* 2 21 01.12.1990 PERF 1560.0 1566.0 1* 1* 2
14.6.3. EFILe
2055
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.4
tNavigator-4.2
TFIL
Data format Section
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This keyword specifies the name of file, from which well trajectories data will be read. The following parameters should be specified: 1. name of file which contains well trajectories data. Filename should be quoted. TFIL (see 14.6.4) can be used to specify well trajectories data any times you want. Format of including file should be the following: Example of this file format track_name X Y Z MD
Example W_11 159852.000 159849.080 159841.110 W_12 159523.520 159527.510 159529.850
12038.380 49.560 49.560 12032.740 849.320 849.558 12013.670 1859.030 1859.546 13485.260 6.010 6.010 13470.680 455.750 456.008 13395.750 1853.190 1856.006
In the first line well trajectory name is specified, in the following ones – coordinates X,Y, Z of points, through which the well goes and MD - measured depth. In this example well trajectories W_11 and W_12 are specified. Case of multi-branch well. In this case data should be specified as follows: Example of this file format track_name:branch_number X Y Z MD
14.6.4. TFIL
2056
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Example 'P1' 525 525 2950 1* 525 525 2960 1* P1:1' 525 525 2954 0 575 525 2955 50 725 525 2956 200
'
Any number of lines can be specified for one branch.
Example TFIL "welltrack.txt" In the example by the keyword TFIL file ”welltrack.txt” with trajectories data is included.
14.6.4. TFIL
2057
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.5
tNavigator-4.2
ETAB
Data format Section
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The keyword is used for specifying the beginning of table which defines well events. In this case table should be enclosed with keywords ETAB (see 14.6.5) and ENDE (see 14.6.7) (or /). The keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12), which precedes the keyword ETAB (see 14.6.5), defines the format of including events. The data in the table should be terminated with the keyword ENDE (see 14.6.7) or /. Alternative way of data specification. Events can be specified in a file included by the keyword EFILe (see 14.6.3) without using the keyword ETAB. No symbols are required to indicate the end of data at the end of including file. The end of included file is regarded as the end of data. Inside the ETAB table events are specified by the keywords which are sub-keywords of ETAB (or EFILe (see 14.6.3) correspondingly) and these sub-keywords can not be used independently. It is specified in the description of the given keywords.
Example EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT ETAB 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1405.0 1527.0 1* 1* 1* 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1534.0 1542.0 1* 1* 0 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1544.0 1550.0 1* 1* 0 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1559.0 1569.0 1* 1* 0 6 01.12.1990 PROD HLIQ HWEF BHPT 20 21 01.12.1990 PERF 1389.0 1536.0 1* 1* 2 21 01.12.1990 PERF 1560.0 1566.0 1* 1* 0 ENDE The keyword ETAB specifies well events table. The keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12), which precedes the given one, specifies the format of including events PERF (see 14.6.16) and SQUEeze (see 14.6.17).
14.6.5. ETAB
2058
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Supported subkeywords of ETAB section: MD perforation settings: Keyword PERF (see 14.6.16) SQUE (see 14.6.17)
Short description Open well perforations Close well perforations
Open well perforations: Keyword SHUT (see 14.6.27) STOP (see 14.6.28) OPEN (see 14.6.35) PROD (see 14.6.18) INJE (see 14.6.19) LTAB (see 14.6.20) DREF (see 12.14.34) PREX (see 14.6.21) XFLO (see 14.6.37)
Short description Shut well Stop well Open well Set well to producer Set well to injector Set lift table for THP calculations Set reference depth Set external radius Allow or deny well crossflow
Pressure targets: Keyword BHPT (see 14.6.38) THPT (see 14.6.39) DRAW (see 14.6.48)
Short description Set BHP target Set THP target Set drawdown target
Well production targets: Keyword OPT (see 14.6.40) GPT (see 14.6.40) WPT (see 14.6.40) LPT (see 14.6.40) VPT (see 14.6.40)
14.6.5. ETAB
Short description Set oil production target Set gas production target Set water production target Set liquid production target Set voidage production target
2059
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Injection targets: Keyword OIT (see 14.6.41) GIT (see 14.6.41) WIT (see 14.6.41)
Short description Set oil injection target Set gas injection target Set water injection target
Historical targets: Keyword HOIL (see 14.6.29) HGAS (see 14.6.29) HWAT (see 14.6.29) HLIQ (see 14.6.29) HRES (see 14.6.29) HBHP (see 14.6.29) HTHP (see 14.6.29) HWEF (see 14.6.29)
Short description Historical oil rate Historical gas rate Historical water rate Historical liquid rate Historical reservoir rate Historical BHP Historical THP Historical well efficiency factor
Other settings: Keyword WEF (see 14.6.42) STRE (see 14.6.43) CWAG (see 14.6.52) TEMP (see 12.1.60) WWAG (see 12.18.44) WFRA (see 14.6.25) WFRP (see 14.6.26) TRAC (see 14.6.64)
Short description Well efficiency factor Specify an injection composition Set continuous injection of water and gas Injection fluid temperature Set well water and gas injection Set well fracture Set well fracture (It is recommended to use it instead of WFRA) Tracer injection
Group production target: Keyword GOPT (see 14.6.44) GGPT (see 14.6.44) GWPT (see 14.6.44) GLPT (see 14.6.44)
14.6.5. ETAB
Short description Set group oil production target Set group gas production target Set group water production target Set group liquid production target
2060
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Calculation: Keyword RATE (see 14.6.2)
Short description Save graphs to disk
Group recycling targets: Keyword RECY (see 14.6.50) GGRT (see 14.6.51) GWRT (see 14.6.51) VREP (see 14.6.49) GVRT (see 14.6.56)
Short description Set recycle operation between two well groups Set group gas recycle target Set group water recycle target Set up voidage replacement coefficient Settings of voidage replacement
Well and group limits: Keyword PLIM (see 14.6.57)
Short description Set well lower limits
Limit types: Keyword OIL (description: FLOW (see 14.6.31)) GAS (description: FLOW (see 14.6.31)) WAT (description: FLOW (see 14.6.31)) LIQ (description: FLOW (see 14.6.31)) BHP (see 14.6.34) THP (see 14.6.32) GOR (description: RATI (see 14.6.33)) OGR (description: RATI (see 14.6.33)) WCT (description: RATI (see 14.6.33)) WOR (description: RATI (see 14.6.33)) WGR (description: RATI (see 14.6.33))
Short description Oil rate Gas rate Water rate Liquid rate BHP value THP value Gas-oil rate ratio Oil-gas rate ratio Watercut value Water-oil rate ratio Water-gas rate ratio
Other options: Keyword HOURS (see 14.6.45)
14.6.5. ETAB
Short description Time accuracy of event
2061
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.6
tNavigator-4.2
TTAB
Data format Section
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This keyword is analogous to the keyword TFIL (see 14.6.4), but, unlike TFIL (see 14.6.4), in TTAB well trajectories data is specifying in model .data-file. Data input should be ended by the keyword ENDT (see 14.6.8). After TTAB (see 14.6.6) well trajectories data should be specified. Format of these data is analogous to the one described in the keyword TFIL (see 14.6.4). Example TTAB W_11 159852.000 159849.080 159841.110 W_12 159523.520 159527.510 159529.850 ENDT
12038.380 49.560 49.560 12032.740 849.320 849.558 12013.670 1859.030 1859.546 13485.260 6.010 6.010 13470.680 455.750 456.008 13395.750 1853.190 1856.006
This example is equivalent to the example which is written in the description of the keyword TFIL (see 14.6.4). By the keywords TTAB (see 14.6.6) and ENDT (see 14.6.8) well trajectories W_11 and W_12 are specified.
14.6.6. TTAB
2062
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.7
tNavigator-4.2
ENDE
Data format Section
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The keyword ends table input ETAB (see 14.6.5) which specifies well events.
14.6.7. ENDE
2063
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.8
tNavigator-4.2
ENDT
Data format Section
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The keyword ends well trajectories data input. It is using with the keyword TTAB (see 14.6.6).
14.6.8. ENDT
2064
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.9
tNavigator-4.2
HFILe
Data format Section
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The keyword is used to include the file which contains well history. Columns of an input table of well history have to be matched with columns which are specified in the keyword HFORM. The HFILe (see 14.6.9) keyword should be preceded by the keyword HFORm (see 14.6.13) which defines the format of the history data in the specified file. Name of the file should be quoted. After HFILe only one file name can be specified. No symbols are required to indicate the end of data at the end of including file. The end of included file is regarded as the end of data. Alternative way of specifying data. History can be specified in a table in a text of a basic file (without addition of a new file by HFILe). In this case table should be enclosed with keywords HTAB (see 14.6.10) and ENDH (see 14.6.11) (or /). In the included file history is specified by the keywords which are sub-keywords of EFILe (see 14.6.3) (or ETAB correspondingly) and these sub-keywords can not be used independently. It is specified in the description of the given keywords. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue INCLUDE (see 12.1.73). Example HFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' / HFILe 'Well/hist_prod.mrecu' /
QOIL QLIQ QWATr WEF BHP
In the example well history file is included. For well history file hist_prod.mrecu format is specified by the HFORm (see 14.6.13) keyword: well name (WELL), date (in DD.MM.YYYY format), oil rate (QOIL), liquid rate (QLIQ), production/injection water rate (QWAT), well efficiency factor (WEF), bottom hole pressure (BHP). File hist_prod.mrecu can contain, for example, the following data:
14.6.9. HFILe
2065
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Example 6 01.01.1996 115.41 115.41 0 0.13 20 6 01.02.1996 63.44 63.44 0 0.83 20 2132 01.04.2005 0 0 6.03 0.97 300 2132 01.05.2005 0 0 5.34 0.99 300 In the example the oil rate, liquid rate, well efficiency factor and bottom hole pressure are set for well 6 (production well). Injection water rate, well efficiency factor and bottom hole pressure are set for well 2132 (injection well).
14.6.9. HFILe
2066
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.10
tNavigator-4.2
HTAB
Data format Section
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The keyword specifies the beginning of table which contains well history. In this case table should be enclosed with keywords HTAB (see 14.6.10) and ENDH (see 14.6.11) (or /). The keyword HFORm (see 14.6.13), which precedes the keyword HTAB (see 14.6.10), defines the format of including history. Columns of an input table of well history have to be matched with columns which are specified in the keyword HFORM. The data in the table should be terminated with the keyword ENDE (see 14.6.7) or /. Alternative way of data specification. History can be specified in a file included by the HFILe (see 14.6.9) keyword without using the HTAB keyword. No symbols are required to indicate the end of data at the end of including file. The end of included file is regarded as the end of data.
Example HFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' QOIL QLIQ QWATr WEF BHP HTAB 6 01.01.1996 115.41 115.41 0 0.13 20 6 01.02.1996 63.44 63.44 0 0.83 20 2132 01.04.2005 0 0 6.03 0.97 300 2132 01.05.2005 0 0 5.34 0.99 300 ENDH The HTAB keyword specifies a well history table. The HFORm (see 14.6.13) keyword, which precedes a given one, specifies the format of including history: well name (WELL), date (in DD.MM.YYYY format), oil rate (QOIL), liquid rate (QLIQ), production/injection water rate (QWAT), well efficiency factor (WEF), bottom hole pressure (BHP). In the example oil rate and liquid rate, well efficiency factor and bottom hole pressure are set for well 6 (production well). Injection water rate, well efficiency factor and bottom hole pressure are set for well 2132 (injection well).
14.6.10. HTAB
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14.6.11
tNavigator-4.2
ENDH
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The keyword ends table input ETAB (see 14.6.5) which specifies well history.
14.6.11. ENDH
2068
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14.6.12
tNavigator-4.2
EFORm
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The keyword is uses for specifying format of including well events, PERF (see 14.6.16) and SQUEeze (see 14.6.17) in particular. The keyword should precede the keywords ETAB (see 14.6.5) or EFILe (see 14.6.3). The following parameters should be specified (that ones which noted as [additional parameter] are specified only if these columns are in events table): 1. WELL [additional parameter] – well name will be specified in every line; 2. date format – day DD, month MM or MMM (two-letter of three-letter notation for month), year YYYY. Day, month and year can be specified in any order with points or colons as delimiters. For example, DD.MM.YYYY; 3. MDL [additional parameter] – first measured depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 4. MDU [additional parameter] – second measured depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 5. RAD [additional parameter] – well radius (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 6. DIAM [additional parameter] – well diameter (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 7. SKIN [additional parameter] – skin value; 8. MULT [additional parameter] – transmissibility multiplier (METRIC: cP −rm3 /day − bar , FIELD: cP − rb/day − psi). Example EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT ETAB 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1405.0 1527.0 1* 1* 1* 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1534.0 1542.0 1* 1* 0 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1544.0 1550.0 1* 1* 0 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1559.0 1569.0 1* 1* 0 6 01.12.1990 PROD HLIQ HWEF BHPT 20 21 01.12.1990 PERF 1389.0 1536.0 1* 1* 2 21 01.12.1990 PERF 1560.0 1566.0 1* 1* 0 ENDE
14.6.12. EFORm
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The keyword ETAB specifies well events table. The keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12), which precedes ETAB, specifies the format of including events PERF (see 14.6.16) and SQUEeze (see 14.6.17): well name (WELL), date (in DD.MM.YYYY format), first measured depth (MDL), second measured depth (MDU), radius (RAD), skin value (SKIN), transmissibility multiplier (MULT).
14.6.12. EFORm
2070
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14.6.13
tNavigator-4.2
HFORm
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The keyword is uses to specify the format of including well history. The keyword should precede the keyword HTAB (see 14.6.10) or the keyword HFILe (see 14.6.9). The following parameters should be specified (the ones which noted as [additional parameter] are specified only if these columns are in history table; its can be specified in any order corresponding with table columns): 1. WELL [additional parameter] – well name will be specified in every line; 2. day DD, month MM or MMM (two-letter of three-letter notation for month), year YYYY. Day, month and year can be specified in any order with points or colons as delimiters. For example, DD.MM.YYYY; 3. QOIL [additional parameter] – historical value of oil rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day), 4. QWAT [additional parameter] – historical value of water rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day), 5. QLIQ [additional parameter] – historical value of liquid rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day), 6. QGAS [additional parameter] – historical value of gas rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day), 7. COIL [additional parameter] – historical value of oil total (METRIC: sm3 , FIELD: stb), 8. CWAT [additional parameter] – historical value of water total (METRIC: sm3 , FIELD: stb), 9. CLIQ [additional parameter] – historical value of liquid total (METRIC: sm3 , FIELD: stb), 10. CGAS [additional parameter] – historical value of gas total (METRIC: sm3 , FIELD: Msc f ), 11. QWIN [additional parameter] – historical value of water injected rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day),
14.6.13. HFORm
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tNavigator-4.2
12. CWIN [additional parameter] – historical value of water injected total (METRIC: sm3 , FIELD: stb), 13. QGIN [additional parameter] – historical value of gas injected rate (METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day), 14. CGIN [additional parameter] – historical value of gas injected total (METRIC: sm3 , FIELD: Msc f ), 15. THP [additional parameter] – historical value of tubing head pressure (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia); 16. BHP [additional parameter] – historical value of bottom hole pressure (METRIC: barsa, FIELD: psia); 17. WEFA [additional parameter] – historical value of efficiency factor. QWAT and QGAS can be used for specifying the water/gas rate as well as water/gas injection (see an example below). Rate is for production wells, injection is for injection wells. It is possible only if one of the keywords QWIN or QGIN is absent. If QWIN and QWAT are used contemporary: QWIN – values of water injection only, QWAT – values of water rate only. Example HFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' QOIL QLIQ QWATr WEF BHP HTAB 6 01.01.1996 115.41 115.41 0 0.13 20 6 01.02.1996 63.44 63.44 0 0.83 20 2132 01.04.2005 0 0 6.03 0.97 300 2132 01.05.2005 0 0 5.34 0.99 300 ENDH The keywordHTAB specifies well history table. The keyword HFORm (see 14.6.13), which precedes HTAB, specifies the format of including data: well name (WELL), date (in DD.MM.YYYY format), oil rate (QOIL), liquid rate (QLIQ), production/injection water rate (QWAT), well efficiency factor (WEF), bottom hole pressure (BHP). In the example oil rate and liquid rate, well efficiency factor and bottom hole pressure are set for well 6 (production well). Injection water rate, well efficiency factor and bottom hole pressure are set for well 2132 (injection well).
14.6.13. HFORm
2072
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14.6.14
tNavigator-4.2
EUNIts
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The keyword specifies the units for the well events specified by the keyword ETAB (see 14.6.5) or the keyword EFILe (see 14.6.3). The following parameters should be specified (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ): 1. Units for measured depth (METRIC: MET Res, FIELD: FEET ); 2. Units for radius or diameter (METRIC: MET Res or CMS (meters or centimeters), FIELD: FEET or INCHes (feet or inches)). Example EUNIts 1* CMS EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT ETAB 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1405.0 1527.0 16 1* 1* 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1534.0 1542.0 16 1* 0 In the example it is specified that the well diameters will be entered in CMS. The value of radius is 16 centimeters for well 6.
14.6.14. EUNIts
2073
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14.6.15
tNavigator-4.2
HUNIts
Data format Section
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The keyword specifies the units for the well history specified by the keyword HTAB (see 14.6.10) or the keyword HFILe (see 14.6.9). The following parameters should be specified: 1. units for liquid rate – METRIC: sm3 /day (or ksm3 /day), FIELD: stb/day (or Mstb/day); 2. units for gas rate – METRIC: sm3 /day (or ksm3 /day), FIELD: sc f /day or (Msc f /day); 3. units for liquid total – METRIC: ksm3 (or Msm3 ), FIELD: Mstb (or MMstb); 4. units for gas total – METRIC: ksm3 (or Msm3 ), FIELD: Msc f (or MMsc f ); 5. units for pressure – METRIC: bar (or barg), FIELD: psia (or psig). Default:
units for liquid rate – METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day;
units for gas rate – METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: sc f /day;
units for liquid total – METRIC: ksm3 , FIELD: Mstb;
units for gas total – METRIC: ksm3 , FIELD: Msc f ;
units for pressure – METRIC: bar , FIELD: psia.
Example HUNI stb/day Mscf/day 2* psia In the example the keyword HUNI sets units for historical data. Unit for liquid rate is stb/day, unit for gas rate is Msc f /day, units for liquid and gas total are set by default (Mstb and Msc f correspondingly), unit for pressure is psia.
14.6.15. HUNIts
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14.6.16
tNavigator-4.2
PERF
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The keyword is used to open completions. The keyword can be used only inside the table ETAB (see 14.6.5) or inside the file EFILe (see 14.6.3). Specified parameters have to be matched with format specified by the keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12). The following parameters should be specified (the ones which noted as [additional parameter] are specified only if it is necessary): 1. Well name [additional parameter] – well name is in the line, if parameter WELL is in EFORm. Otherwise well name can be specified separately in line, which precedes the line that specify event; 2. Perforation date (date format should correspond to the format specified in EFORm. For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. The keyword PERF which specifies event; 4. MDL – first measured depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (Default: is considered to be specified in measured depth along trajectory MD); 5. MDU – second measured depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (Default: is considered to be specified in measured depth along trajectory MD); 6. RAD [additional parameter] – well radius (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 7. DIAM [additional parameter] – well diameter (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 8. SKIN [additional parameter] – skin value; 9. MULT [additional parameter] – conductivity multiplier (METRIC: cP − rm3 /day − bar , FIELD: cP − rb/day − psi). 10. CLOSE [additional parameter] – completion will be closed (alternative is SQUEeze (see 14.6.17)); 11. TVD [additional parameter] – MDL and MDU are specified in absolute depth (Default: is considered to be specified in measured depth along trajectory MD); 12. ZONE [additional parameter] – MDL and MDU are specified in block numbers (Default: is considered to be specified in measured depth along trajectory MD).
14.6.16. PERF
2075
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tNavigator-4.2
The keyword is analogous to an Eclipse keyword COMPDAT (see 12.18.6). Example EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT ETAB 6 01.12.1990 PERF 1405.0 1527.0 1* 1* 1* 21 01.12.1990 PERF 1389.0 1536.0 1* 1* 2 G1 01.01.2012 PERF 1 20 0.1 0 1 ZONE P3 01.01.2012 PERF 1 20 0.1 0 1 ZONE ENDE The keyword ETAB specifies well events table. The keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12), which precedes ETAB, specifies the format of including events PERF and SQUEeze (see 14.6.17): well name (WELL), date (in DD.MM.YYYY format), first measured depth (MDL), second measured depth (MDU), radius (RAD), skin value (SKIN), conductivity multiplier (MULT). For the wells G1 and P3 perforated intervals are specified in block numbers (instead of MD). Perforations are from 1st to 20th layer in Z-direction (additional parameter ZONE is specified).
14.6.16. PERF
2076
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14.6.17 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
SQUEeze x tNavigator
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The keyword is used to close completions. The keyword can be used only inside the table ETAB (see 14.6.5) or inside the file EFILe (see 14.6.3). Specified parameters have to be matched with format specified by the keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12). The following parameters should be specified (the ones which noted as [additional parameter] are specified only if it is necessary): 1. Well name [additional parameter] – well name is in the line if parameter WELL is in EFORm. Otherwise well name can be specified separately in line, which precedes the line specifying event; 2. Perforation closing date (date format should correspond to the format specified in EFORm. For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. The keyword SQUEeze which specifies event; 4. MDL – first measured depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (Default: is considered to be specified in measured depth along trajectory MD); 5. MDU – second measured depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (Default: is considered to be specified in measured depth along trajectory MD); 6. TVD [additional parameter] – MDL and MDU are specified in absolute depth (Default: is considered to be specified in measured depth along trajectory MD); 7. ZONE [additional parameter] – MDL and MDU are specified in block numbers (Default: is considered to be specified in measured depth along trajectory MD). The keyword is analogous to an Eclipse keyword COMPDAT (see 12.18.6). Example EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT ETAB 6 01.12.1990 SQUE 1405.0 1527.0 P3 01.01.2012 SQUE 1 20 ZONE ENDE
14.6.17. SQUEeze
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tNavigator-4.2
The keyword ETAB specifies well events table. The keywordEFORm (see 14.6.12), which precedes ETAB, specifies the format of including events PERF and SQUEeze (see 14.6.17): well name (WELL), date (in DD.MM.YYYY format), first measured depth (MDL), second measured depth (MDU), radius (RAD), skin value (SKIN), conductivity multiplier (MULT). For the well P3 closing perforation interval is specified in block numbers (instead of MD). Perforation from 1st to 20th layer along Z-direction will be closed (additional parameter ZONE is specified).
14.6.17. SQUEeze
2078
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.18
tNavigator-4.2
PROD
Data format Section
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The keyword changes well status to ”production”. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name [additional parameter] – well name in line, if in the keyword EFORm parameter WELL was specified. Otherwise, well name can be specified in previous line; 2. date of status changing (date format should correspond to specified one in the keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12). For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. the keyword PROD which defines event. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WCONPROD (see 12.18.34).
Example W_1 01.02.2002 PROD W_1 well status will be changed to ”production” at 01.02.2002.
14.6.18. PROD
2079
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.19
tNavigator-4.2
INJE
Data format Section
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The keyword changes well status to ”injection”. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name [additional parameter] – well name in line, if in the keyword EFORm parameter WELL was specified. Otherwise, well name can be specified in previous line; 2. date of status changing (date format should correspond to specified one in the keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12). For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. the keyword INJE which defines event. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WCONPROD (see 12.18.34).
Example W_1 01.08.2006 INJE W_1 well status will be changed to ”injection” at 01.08.2006.
14.6.19. INJE
2080
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14.6.20
tNavigator-4.2
LTAB
Data format Section
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The keyword sets lift table for THP calculations. The keyword can be used only inside the table ETAB (see 14.6.5) or inside the file EFILe (see 14.6.3). Specified parameters have to be matched with format specified by the keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name [additional parameter] – well name in line, if in the keyword EFORm parameter WELL was specified. Otherwise, well name can be specified in previous line; 2. date of status changing (date format should correspond to specified one in the keyword EFORm (see 14.6.12). For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. the keyword LTAB which defines event. 4. table name. If lift tables are specified using the keyword VFPPROD or VFPINJ, then table should be respectively named as tubeprodXXX or tubeinjeXXX, where XXX is the lift table number. Example ETAB P-1 01.01.2014 LTAB tubeprod1 In the example for well P-1 lift table tubeprod1 is set.
14.6.20. LTAB
2081
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14.6.21
tNavigator-4.2
PREX
Data format Section
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The keyword sets well external radius. It should be used only after the keyword WELL (see 13.9.6). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well external radius (re ) (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); Default:
well external radius - equivalent radius ro .
Example UNITs METRic ... 130R 01.01.1995 PREX 4 In the example the keyword PREX (see 14.6.21) sets external radius for well 130R. Radius is equal to 4 meters.
14.6.21. PREX
2082
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14.6.22
tNavigator-4.2
P-RE
Data format Section
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The keyword is equivalent to the keyword PREX (see 14.6.21).
14.6.22. P-RE
2083
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.23
tNavigator-4.2
WELL
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The keyword defines well and sets parameters of it control mode. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name; 2. well type:
PROD - producer;
INJE - injector;
STOP - stopped;
SHUT - shut.
3. well limits (name of priority well limit):
for producing wells - OIL, WAT, GAS, LIQU or RESV;
for injecting - WAT, GAS;
historical rate limits - HOIL, HGAS, HWAT HLIQ, HRES;
historical pressure limits - HBHP, TBHP.
4. flow limit: if the only value is specified, then it should be the value of priority flow. If values for all flows are specified, then one of them will be chosen according to specified priority value (for liquid: METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day; for gas: METRIC: 103 m3 /day, FIELD: msc f /day); 5. pressure limit: PLIM - minimal pressure for producing wells or maximal for injecting (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi); 6. [additional parameter] comments. They should be used to the left of sign ”=”. Usually first sign of equation means rate, second means pressure. But if a string starts with letter ’Q’ and there are no whitespaces by both sides of ”=”, then the value after it means rate. The same way, if a string starts with ’P’, the the value means pressure; 7. pressure type at parameter 5:
BHP - bottom hole pressure;
name of table which is defined by the keyword TUBI (see 14.6.30) - tubing head pressure.
14.6.23. WELL
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8. AND - is using to set injection of 2 fluids (WWAG (see 12.18.44)). Fluid signed first will be injected first; 9. HWEF - historical well efficiency factors are using. Example WELL 232 PROD HLIQ PMIN=110 QOIL=100 HWEF / In the example for producing well 232 pressure and rate limits set up, which are equal to 110 bar and 100 sm3 /day correspondingly. Priority value is HLIQ. It is also specified that historical well efficiency factors will be used.
14.6.23. WELL
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14.6.24
tNavigator-4.2
WWAG
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The keyword specifies that injecting fluid will be changing periodically (water or gas). Fluid which will be injected first is defined by the keyword WELL (see 13.9.6). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name; 2. time period of injection of the first fluid (METRIC: days, FIELD: days); 3. time period of injection of the second fluid (METRIC: days, FIELD: days). The keyword has the analogue WWAG (see 12.18.44), with is used in tNavigator.
Example WWAG 30311 31 30 In the example the keyword WWAG (see 12.18.44) specifies periods of gas and water injection for well 30311, which are equal to 31 and 30 days correspondingly.
14.6.24. WWAG
2086
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.25
tNavigator-4.2
WFRA
Data format Section
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The keyword is used for specifying hydraulic fracture. The keyword can be used only inside the table ETAB (see 14.6.5) or inside the file EFILe (see 14.6.3). Recommendation. It is recommended in tNavigator to simulate hydraulic fracture with the keyword WFRP (see 14.6.26) instead of WFRA (see 14.6.25). The keyword WFRP (see 14.6.26) is prepared to use in MORE models and hybrid models (see 11.3). This keyword is analogous to the keywords WFRACP (see 12.18.124), WFRAC (see 12.18.122) COMPFRAC (see 12.18.126). The following parameters should be specified (that ones which noted as [additional parameter] are specified if it is necessary): 1. Well name [additional parameter] – well name should be specified in the line if in EFORm there is WELL parameter. Else well name can be entered in the line preceding the line with event; 2. Date of hydraulic fracture (date format should correspond to the format specified by EFORm. For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. The keyword WFRA which specifies event; 4. Azimuth angle (from 0 ◦ to 360 ◦ ). Angle of fracture in the XY-plane (measured from the positive x-axis towards the positive y-axis); 5. Number of the first layer in Z-direction containing vertical fracture; 6. Number of the last layer in Z-direction containing vertical fracture; 7. Half-length of fracture from well (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); left and right half-lengths of fracture are the same; 8. Permeability of fracture (mD) (parameters 8 and 9 or parameter 10 should be specified); 9. Width of fracture (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (parameters 8 and 9 or parameter 10 should be specified); 10. Conductivity of fracture (METRIC: mD × m, FIELD: mD × f t ) (parameters 8 and 9 or parameter 10 should be specified);
14.6.25. WFRA
2087
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11. Fracture time constant (days); 12. Lower measured depth for horizontal fracture case; 13. Upper measured depth for horizontal fracture case; 14. Type of fracture: V (vertical fracture type) or H (horizontal fracture type); 15. [additional parameter] horizontal well fractures connect to a specified range of layers – type LAYEr, well fractures connect to a specified range of depths – type DEPTh; 16. [additional parameter] Lower layer or depth for use with LAYEr or DEPTh options, respectively, in parameter 13 (for horizontal fracture); 17. [additional parameter] Upper layer or depth for use with LAYEr or DEPTh options, respectively, in parameter 13 (for horizontal fracture); Example P3 01.01.2012 WFRA 90 2* 100 100000 0.004 1* 1095 / P5 01.01.2012 WFRA 90 2* 100 100000 0.004 1* 1095 / N4 01.01.2012 WFRA 90 2* 100 100000 0.02 1* 50000 /
14.6.25. WFRA
2088
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.26
tNavigator-4.2
WFRP
Data format Section
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The keyword is used for specifying hydraulic fracture. The description of the matematical model of hydraulic fracture in tNavigator is in the section Modified well model (5.8). The keyword can be used only inside the table ETAB (see 14.6.5) or inside the file EFILe (see 14.6.3). The keyword can be used in MORE models and hybrid models (see 11.3). This keyword is analogous to the keywords WFRACP (see 12.18.124), WFRAC (see 12.18.122) COMPFRAC (see 12.18.126). The following parameters should be specified (that ones which noted as [additional parameter] are specified if it is necessary): 1. Well name [additional parameter] – well name should be specified in the line if in EFORm there is WELL parameter. Else well name can be entered in the line preceding the line with event; 2. Date of hydraulic fracture (date format should correspond to the format specified by EFORm. For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. The keyword WFRP which specifies event; 4. i1 – first connection coordinate in X direction (coordinates of connection of well fractures to blocks should be specified by parameters 4-9 or depths should be specified by parameters 10-11); 5. j1 – first connection coordinate in Y direction (coordinates of connection of well fractures to blocks should be specified by parameters 4-9 or depths should be specified by parameters 10-11); 6. k1 – first connection coordinate in Z direction (coordinates of connection of well fractures to blocks should be specified by parameters 4-9 or depths should be specified by parameters 10-11); 7. i2 – last connection coordinate in X direction. If hydraulic fracture is in the plane that is perpendicular to the well bore, only one connection should be specified, i.e. i1 = i2
14.6.26. WFRP
2089
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
(coordinates of connection of well fractures to blocks should be specified by parameters 4-9 or depths should be specified by parameters 10-11); 8. j2 – last connection coordinate in Y direction. If hydraulic fracture is in the plane that is perpendicular to the well bore, only one connection should be specified, i.e. j1 = j2 (coordinates of connection of well fractures to blocks should be specified by parameters 4-9 or depths should be specified by parameters 10-11); 9. k2 – last connection coordinate in Z direction. If hydraulic fracture is in the plane that is perpendicular to the well bore, only one connection should be specified, i.e. k1 = k2 (coordinates of connection of well fractures to blocks should be specified by parameters 4-9 or depths should be specified by parameters 10-11); 10. fracture lower depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (coordinates of connection of well fractures to blocks should be specified by parameters 4-9 or depths should be specified by parameters 10-11); 11. fracture upper depth (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (coordinates of connection of well fractures to blocks should be specified by parameters 4-9 or depths should be specified by parameters 10-11); 12. azimuth angle (from 0 ◦ to 360 ◦ ). Azimuth angle in tNavigator - is the angle between positive direction of X-axis and fracture right half-length l2 (see examples with pictures of various angles in the description of the keyword WFRACP (see 12.18.124)). Note 1: If the fracture direction (azimuth angle) doesn’t correspond to this logic in graphical interface check please if the keyword MAPAXES (see 12.2.62) is specified or the visualization option Flip vertically is used. 13. Zenith angle (from 0 ◦ to 90 ◦ ); 14. l1 – fracture left half-length from the well bore (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (if azimuth angle is 0, this half length will be directed to the left from the well bore); 15. l2 – fracture right half-length from the well bore (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ) (if azimuth angle is 0, this half length will be directed to the right from the well bore); 16. h1 – fracture height in some direction from the well bore (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 17. h2 – fracture height in another direction from the well bore (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 18. Fracture width (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 19. Proppant properties (mD). In this case proppant will have constant permeability 20. Dependence between fracture permeability and flown phase volume or time. One of the following parameters should be specified:
14.6.26. WFRP
2090
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
flow function name (the dependence between fracture permeability and phase flow). Phase is specified via the next parameter of this keyword. The function specifies the washing out of the proppant from the fracture. (Keywords FLOWFUNC (see 12.8.4), FLOWFTAB (see 12.8.7), FLOWFNAMES (see 12.8.6)); Phase volume (m3 ) (the next parameters specifies a phase), when this volume passes through fracture permeability becomes zero; number of days (is case if the next parameter is – TIME). Dependence of permeability versus time is set via the the following formula: D−T
F(T ) = e− days where:
– D – current date; – T – fraction creation date (difference of D and T measured in days); – days – value of days which set there. 21. phase (flow function in previous parameter depends on this phase flow) or time dependence (OIL – oil, WAT – water, GAS – gas, LIQ – liquid, TIME - time); 22. fracture productivity multiplier (dimensionless). This is an additional correction parameter that can be used to history match the production data when the fracture is created. The productivity of virtual perforations added by fracture is multiplied by this multiplier to account for the contribution of fracture to the well productivity. The initial value to start history matching with this parameter can be taken PERM proppant /PERMmodel . For heterogeneous permeability model, PERMmodel can be taken as the average permeability of all the grid cells intersected by the fracture. PERM proppant can be estimated from fracture conductivity and width; 23. X1-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in X direction should be specified); 24. Y1-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in Y direction should be specified); 25. Z1-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in Z direction should be specified); 26. X2-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in X direction should be specified); 27. Y2-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in Y direction should be specified); 28. Z2-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in Z direction should be specified);
14.6.26. WFRP
2091
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Default:
zenith angle – 0 ◦ ;
flow function name – not defined; there is no dependence from flow;
fracture productivity multiplier – 1;
X1-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in X direction should be specified) – 1;
Y1-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in Y direction should be specified) – 1;
Z1-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in Z direction should be specified) – 1;
X2-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in X direction should be specified) – NX (see 12.1.25);
Y2-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in Y direction should be specified) – NY (see 12.1.25);
Z2-coordinate of bounding box (the fracture shouldn’t be outside this box) (number of layer in Z direction should be specified) – NZ (see 12.1.25).
Example G7 01.01.2012 WFRP 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 90 0 100 100 0 0 0.02 6300 1095 TIME 1* 6* G1 01.01.2012 WFRP 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 2949 2951 90 0 100 100 0 2 0.02 6300 1095 TIME 1* 6* G1 01.01.2012 WFRP 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 3114 3117 90 0 100 100 0 2 0.02 5000 10000 1* 1* 6* G1 01.01.2012 WFRP 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 1* 3474 3476 0 0 200 100 5 0 0.02 4000 10000 1* 1* 6* N4 01.01.2012 WFRP 11 11 4 11 11 7 1* 1* 0 0 100 100 0 0 0.02 2000 1* TIME 1* 6* In the example hydraulic fracture on well N4 is specified via it’s connection coordinates. On well G7 all well perforation intervals are taken by default. On well G1 3 hydraulic fractures are specified via depth.
14.6.26. WFRP
2092
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.27
tNavigator-4.2
SHUT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to shut well. The keyword can be used only inside the table ETAB (see 14.6.5) or inside the file EFILE (see 14.6.3). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name [additional parameter] – well name is in the line if parameter WELL is in EFORm. Otherwise well name can be specified separately in line, which precedes the line specifying event; 2. shut well date (date format should correspond to the format specified in EFORm. For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. the keyword SHUT. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELOPEN (see 12.18.107).
Example EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' ETAB 6 01.12.1990 SHUT ENDE
14.6.27. SHUT
MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT
2093
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.28
tNavigator-4.2
STOP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to stop well. The keyword can be used only inside the table ETAB (see 14.6.5) or inside the file EFILE (see 14.6.3). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name [additional parameter] – well name is in the line if parameter WELL is in EFORm. Otherwise well name can be specified separately in line, which precedes the line specifying event; 2. shut well date (date format should correspond to the format specified in EFORm. For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. the keyword STOP. The keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELOPEN (see 12.18.107).
Example EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' ETAB 6 01.12.1990 STOP ENDE
14.6.28. STOP
MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT
2094
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.29 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
HOIL / HGAS / HWAT / HLIQ / HRES / HBHP / HTHP / HWEF x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
These keywords specify historical data targets. They are should be used after the keyword ETAB (see 14.6.5) or in a file EFILE (see 14.6.3).
HOIL - historical oil rate target;
HGAS - historical gas rate target;
HWAT - historical water rate target;
HLIQ - historical liquid rate target;
HRES - historical reservoir rate target;
HBHP - historical bottom hole pressure value target BHP (see 14.6.34);
HTHP - historical tubing head pressure value target THP (see 14.6.32);
HWEF - historical well efficiency factor target.
For keywords HOIL, HGAS, HWAT and HLIQ option OFF is available. Applying this option stops target limiting at specified time step. Historical data include by the keyword HTAB (see 14.6.10) or HFIL (see 14.6.9). Analogous for these keywords is the keyword WCONHIST (see 12.18.35), which is used by Eclipse. Example ETAB 607 01.11.1999 HWAT HOIL HWEF 607 01.12.1999 HWAT OFF In the example the keywords HWAT (see 14.6.29), HOIL (see 14.6.29) and HWEF (see 14.6.29) 01.11.1999 specify targets, corresponding to these keywords, for well 607. 01.12.1999 limiting by historical water rate target is stopped.
14.6.29. HOIL / HGAS / HWAT / HLIQ / HRES / HBHP / HTHP / HWEF
2095
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.30
tNavigator-4.2
TUBI
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword indicates an input of tubing head pressure table. The following parameters should be specified: 1. table name; 2. reference depth for values of bottom hole pressures, which are specified in the table (METRIC: m; FIELD: f t ); 3. format of input table:
PACK - for all values of RATI (see 14.6.33) one array of BHP (see 14.6.34) values will be inputed;
LONG - subkeyword BHP (see 14.6.34) will be specified for each ratio value specified by the keyword RATI (see 14.6.33).
Also after the keyword TUBI one or several keywords, which define values of variables in the table, should be specified: FLOW (see 14.6.31), THP (see 14.6.32), RATI (see 14.6.33) and BHP (see 14.6.34). The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default:
reference depth: value of depth, which defined by the keyword DATUm (see 14.4.5);
format of input table: PACK.
14.6.30. TUBI
2096
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Example UNITS METRic ... TUBI TAB_43 3589 LONG FLOW GAS 5 25 60 100 / THP 15 35 75 / RATI WGR 0 0.05 0.1 / BHP WGR 0 18 19 23 30 / 42 43 45 49 / 93 93 94 96 / BHP WGR 0.05 67 31 28 34 / 99 61 54 55 / 15 12 10 10 / BHP WGR 0.1 66 32 30 36 / 98 63 56 58 / 156 122 112 111 / In the example the keyword TUBI (see 14.6.30) specifies table TAB_43. Reference depth is 3589 m. Each subtable contains values of bottom hole pressure for each rate value (FLOW (see 14.6.31)). The first column of the table corresponds to the first rate value, the second column corresponds to the second value and so on. The same way, the first line of the table corresponds to the first value of tubing head pressure, the second line corresponds to the second value and so on. Such subtable is set for each WGR value. So, 4 · 3 · 3 = 36 values should be specified in total.
14.6.30. TUBI
2097
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Example UNITS METRic ... TUBI TAB_43 3589 FLOW GAS 5 25 60 100 / THP 15 35 75 / RATI WGR 0 0.05 0.1 / BHP 18 19 23 30 / 42 43 45 49 / 93 93 94 96 / 67 31 28 34 / 99 61 54 55 / 15 12 10 10 / 66 32 30 36 / 98 63 56 58 / 156 122 112 111 / This example is equivalent to the previous one, but in this example option PACK is used to specify array of BHP (see 14.6.34) values.
14.6.30. TUBI
2098
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.31
tNavigator-4.2
FLOW
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies fluid rates for THP-table (TUBI (see 14.6.30)). The keyword FLOW should be used after the keyword TUBI (see 14.6.30). The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. fluid type: – – – –
OIL - oil rates will be specified (METRIC: sm3 /day; FIELD: stb/day); GAS - gas rates will be specified (METRIC: ksm3 /day; FIELD: msc f /day); WAT - water rates will be specified (METRIC: sm3 /day; FIELD: stb/day); LIQ - liquid rates will be specified (METRIC: sm3 /day; FIELD: stb/day).
on the next line: 1. rate values. This values must be increasing. The data should be terminated with a slash /.
Default:
fluid type: OIL.
Example UNITS METRic ... TUBI TAB_43 3.58953E+003 LONG FLOW GAS 5 25 60 100 / THP 15 / RATI WGR 0 0.05 0.1 / BHP WGR 0 18 19 23 30 / BHP WGR 0.05 67 31 28 34 / BHP WGR 0.1 66 32 30 36 /
14.6.31. FLOW
2099
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
In the example 4 values of gas rate are specified.
14.6.31. FLOW
2100
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.32
tNavigator-4.2
THP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies values of tubing head pressure for the keyword TUBI (see 14.6.30). The keyword THP should be used after the keyword TUBI (see 14.6.30). The following parameters should be specified: 1. values of THP (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). The data should be terminated with a slash /. Default: If subkeyword THP (see 14.6.32) is not specified, then the pressure value, which was specified at WELL (see 13.9.6), is considered as the only value of THP. Example UNITS METRic ... TUBI TAB_43 3.58953E+003 LONG FLOW GAS 5 25 60 100 / THP 15 / RATI WGR 0 0.05 0.1 / BHP WGR 0 18 19 23 30 / BHP WGR 0.05 67 31 28 34 / BHP WGR 0.1 66 32 30 36 / In the example one value of THP is specified. It is equal to 15 bar .
14.6.32. THP
2101
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.33
tNavigator-4.2
RATI
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies fluid rate ratios for tubing head pressure table (the keyword TUBI (see 14.6.30)). The keyword RATI should be used only after the keywords TUBI (see 14.6.30), FLOW (see 14.6.31) and THP (see 14.6.32). The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. ratio type: – WOR - water-oil ratio (METRIC: sm3 /sm3 ; FIELD: stb/stb); – WCT (WCUT) - watercut (METRIC: sm3 /sm3 ; FIELD: stb/stb); – WGR - water-gas ratio (METRIC: sm3 /ksm3 ; FIELD: stb/Msc f ); – GOR - gas-oil ratio (METRIC: ksm3 /sm3 ; FIELD: Msc f /stb); – GLR - gas-liquid ratio (METRIC: ksm3 /sm3 ; FIELD: Msc f /stb); – OGR - oil-gas ratio (METRIC: sm3 /ksm3 ; FIELD: stb/Msc f ).
on the next line: 1. ratio values. They should be increasing. The data should be terminated with a slash /.
Example UNITS METRic ... TUBI TAB_43 3.58953E+003 LONG FLOW GAS 5 25 60 100 / THP 15 / RATI WGR 0 0.05 0.1 / BHP WGR 0 18 19 23 30 / BHP WGR 0.05 67 31 28 34 / BHP WGR 0.1 66 32 30 36 / In the example ratio type WGR is used.
14.6.33. RATI
2102
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.34
tNavigator-4.2
BHP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies the bottom hole pressure table. This keyword should be used after the keyword TUBI (see 14.6.30) and all of its subkeywords (FLOW (see 14.6.31), THP (see 14.6.32) and RATI (see 14.6.33)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. type of i-th ratio; 2. value of i-th ratio; 3. in the following lines bottom hole pressure table is specified. (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). BHP table is specified for each ratio value, which are specified via the keyword RATI (see 14.6.33). Each line of the table should be ended by /. Example UNITS METRic ... TUBI TAB_43 3.58953E+003 LONG FLOW GAS 5 25 60 100 / THP 15 / RATI WGR 0 0.05 0.1 / BHP WGR 0 18 19 23 30 / BHP WGR 0.05 67 31 28 34 / BHP WGR 0.1 66 32 30 36 / In the example BHP tables are specified by the keyword BHP (see 14.6.34). These tables are specified for each ratio value (RATI (see 14.6.33)). The number of columns of each table is equal to the number of values of parameter FLOW (see 14.6.31). The number of lines is equal to the number of values of parameter THP (see 14.6.32).
14.6.34. BHP
2103
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.35 Data format Section
tNavigator-4.2
OPEN (RECU) x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to open a well. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name [additional parameter] – well name, if in EFORm (see 14.6.12) parameter WELL was specified. Otherwise, well name can be specified in previous line; 2. date of well opening (date format should correspond to format which is specified via EFORm (see 14.6.12). For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. the keyword OPEN. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELOPEN (see 12.18.107).
Example EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' ETAB 6 01.12.1990 OPEN ENDE
MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT
In the example by the keyword OPEN well 6 is opened on 01.12.1990.
14.6.35. OPEN (RECU)
2104
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.36
tNavigator-4.2
DREF
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies a reference depth for well’s bottom hole pressure. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. If the keyword DREF is not specified, then the value of DATU (see 14.4.5) will be used. The following parameters should be specified: 1. reference depth of BHP (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ). This keyword is analogous to the 5-th parameter of the keyword WELSPECS (see 12.18.3), that is used by Eclipse. Example UNITs METRic ... ETAB 6 01.12.1990 DREF 1360 ... ENDT In the example for well 6 reference depth of BHP is specified. It is equal to 1360 m.
14.6.36. DREF
2105
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.37
tNavigator-4.2
XFLO
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword allows or denies possibility of crossflow inside a well. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. ON or OFF:
ON - crossflow inside a well is allowed;
OFF - crossflow inside a well is denied (i.e., perforation interval is one-sided).
This keyword is analogous to the 10-th parameter of the keyword WELSPECS (see 12.18.3), that is used by Eclipse. Example ETAB 6 01.12.1990 XFLO ON ... ENDE In the example the crossflow inside a well 6 will be allowed on 01.12.1990.
14.6.37. XFLO
2106
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.38
tNavigator-4.2
BHPT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets target for the value of bottom hole pressure. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pressure value (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). This keyword is analogous to the 9-th parameter of the keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34), that is used by Eclipse. Example ETAB 93-2 01.07.2014 BHPT 225.0 ... ENDT In the example the target value for bottom hole pressure for the well 93-2 is set on 01.07.2014.
14.6.38. BHPT
2107
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.39
tNavigator-4.2
THPT
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets target for the value of tubing head pressure. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. pressure value (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). This keyword is analogous to the 10-th parameter of the keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34), that is used by Eclipse. Example UNIT METR ... ETAB P10 09.06.2021 THPT 30 ENDT In the example the target value for tubing head pressure for the well P10 is set on 09.06.2021. This value is equal to 30 bar .
14.6.39. THPT
2108
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.40
tNavigator-4.2
OPT / WPT / GPT / LPT / VPT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
These keywords set targets for rates of oil (OPT), gas (GPT), water (WPT), liquid (LPT) and voidage (at formation conditions) (VPT) correspondingly. These keywords should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. rate value. Units:
if OPT / WPT / LPT is specified - METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day;
if GPT is specified - METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day;
if VPT is specified - METRIC: rm3 /day, FIELD: rb/day.
Analogous for this keywords are the 4-th, 5-th, 6-th, 7-th and 8-th parameters of the keyword WCONPROD (see 12.18.34), which is used by Eclipse. Example A1 17/Dec/2013 OPT 2800 In the example the target for oil rate for the well A1 is set on 17.12.2013. It is equal to 2800 stb/day.
14.6.40. OPT / WPT / GPT / LPT / VPT
2109
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.41
tNavigator-4.2
OIT / GIT / WIT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
These keywords set targets for injection rate of oil (OIT), gas (GIT) and water (WIT) correspondingly. These keywords should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. injection rate. Units:
if OIT / WIT is specified - METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day;
if GPT is specified - METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day;
These keywords are analogous to the 5-th parameter of the keyword WCONINJE (see 12.18.36), that is used by Eclipse. Example 1019 01.10.2010 INJ WIT 1200.0 In the example the target for water injection rate for injection well 1019 is set on 01.10.2010. It is equal to 1200 sm3 /day.
14.6.41. OIT / GIT / WIT
2110
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.42
tNavigator-4.2
WEF
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies well efficiency factor. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well efficiency factor (a number between 0 and 1). This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WEFAC (see 12.18.69). Example ETAB ... 93-2 01.07.2015 WEF 0.95 In the example the efficiency factor for the well 93-2 is set on 01.07.2015. It is equal to 0.95.
14.6.42. WEF
2111
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.43
tNavigator-4.2
STRE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies an injection composition. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. component to inject. Use the keyword SCMP (see 14.1.10) to specify several components to inject. This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELLSTRE (see 12.18.159). Example T1 09.06.2021 STRE H2S In the example the well T1 is injecting H2S component.
14.6.43. STRE
2112
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.44
tNavigator-4.2
GOPT / GGPT / GWPT / GLPT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
These keywords set targets for well injection groups for oil, gas, water and liquid rates correspondingly. These keywords should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. rate value. Units:
if GOPT / GWPT / GLPT is specified – METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: stb/day;
if GGPT is specified – METRIC: sm3 /day, FIELD: Msc f /day.
These keywords are analogous to the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th parameters of the keyword GCONPROD (see 12.18.72), that is used by Eclipse. Example ETAB ALLProd 01.01.2025 GGPT 16124.91781 / ALLProd 01.01.2026 GGPT 15172.32877 / In the example 2 events are set for group ALLProd. On 01.01.2025 group target for gas rate, which is equal to 16124.91781 sm3 /day, is set. On 01.01.2026 group target for gas rate, which is equal to 15172.32877 sm3 /day, is set.
14.6.44. GOPT / GGPT / GWPT / GLPT
2113
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.45
tNavigator-4.2
HOURS
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
This subkeyword specifies the number of hours, which will be added to event date. This way accuracy of event date can be increased. This subkeyword can be used with any keyword, which specify well event (ETAB (see 14.6.5)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. the number of hours to add to event date. Example T1 09.06.2021 STRE H2S HOURS 10 In the example well T1 starts to inject H2S component at 10 AM on 09.06.2021.
14.6.45. HOURS
2114
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.46
tNavigator-4.2
DATE / READ / TIME
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies the time and simulator will read recurrent data until respective date. The following parameters should be specified: 1. the time to be simulated:
the number of days/months/years;
date in DD MMM YYYY format. If in the field ”year” 2 digits are specified, then it is considered that this year is in XXth century;
2. time unit:
DAYS – day. It is specified only if the first parameter sets number of days;
MONT – month. It is specified only if the first parameter sets number of months;
YEAR – year. It is specified only if the first parameter sets number of years;
DATE – date. It is specified only if the first parameter sets certain date;
3. [additional parameter] HOUR - the number of hours to add to date. Example READ 01 JAN 2024 DATE In the example it is specified that simulator will read recurrent data until on 01.01.2024.
14.6.46. DATE / READ / TIME
2115
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.47
tNavigator-4.2
GROU
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword specifies a well group. The following parameters should be specified: 1. group name; 2. [additional parameter] FRAC - option to set fraction of well rate in group rate; 3. [additional parameter] fraction of well rate in group rate (necessary, if FRAC is used); 4. well names list. Default:
well rate in group rate (if FRAC is not used): 1.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue GRUPTREE (see 12.18.85). Example GROUP 0C1 122 123 124 125 FRAC 0.5 126 FRAC 0.5 127 In the example group 0C1 is specified by the keyword GROU. It contains wells 122, 123, 124 and 125 which have fraction rate 1 and wells 126 and 127 which have fraction rate 0.5.
14.6.47. GROU
2116
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.48
tNavigator-4.2
DRAW
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets well target for well drawdown value. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. drawdown value (METRIC: bar , FIELD: psi). This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue WELDRAW (see 12.18.104). Example 208 01.06.2009 PROD DRAW 9.19 BHPT 50 HWEF In the example some events are specified for the well 208 on 1.06.2009:
well drawdown target is equal to 9.19 bars (via the keyword DRAW (see 14.6.48));
bottom hole pressure target value is equal to 50 bars (via the keyword BHPT (see 14.6.38));
well historical efficiency factor value is used as a target (via the keyword HWEF (see 14.6.29)).
14.6.48. DRAW
2117
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.49
tNavigator-4.2
VREP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets voidage replacement for groups. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. group name which contains producing wells; 2. group name which contains injecting wells; 3. voidage replacement coefficient. 4. OFF [additional parameter] - event cancellation; 5. SGAS [additional parameter] - gas will be injected at a given fraction of the gas production at surface conditions; 6. SWAT [additional parameter] - water will be injected at a given fraction of the gas production at surface conditions. Voidage replacement coefficient is set as an injection rate limit for a group which is specified by the parameter 2. It is equal to ratio of this group injection rate to group production rate (name of this group is specified by the parameter 2). Volume replacement calculated as a volume in surface conditions. Default:
group name which contains producing wells: ALL;
group name which contains injecting wells: ALL;
voidage replacement coefficient: 1.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue GCONINJE (see 12.18.81). Example 13 01.01.2014 VREP DOB4 NAG4 1.75 In the example the keyword VREP sets voidage replacement coefficient. Value of compensating injection fluid rate will be greater than producing rate 1.75 times.
14.6.49. VREP
2118
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.50
tNavigator-4.2
RECY
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets recycle operation between two well groups. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. recycle stream name; 2. name of group with producing wells; 3. name of group with injecting wells; 4. name of injecting component; 5. ON or OFF
ON - turn on recycle injection;
OFF - turn off recycle injection.
Default:
ON or OFF: ON.
Example RECY PRDG GR_P GR_I WAT In the example the keyword RECY is used to set recycle operation. Stream name ”PRDG”, group of producing wells - ”GR_P”, group of injecting wells - ”GR_I”.
14.6.50. RECY
2119
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.51
tNavigator-4.2
GGRT / GWRT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
These keywords set group recycling targets:
GGRT - recycling gas;
GWRT - recycling water.
These keywords should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. reinjection coefficient; 2. OFF [additional parameter] - turn off settings; 3. GROUP - type of object which produces fluid; 4. name of well group with producing wells. Fluid which is produced by this group will be injected; 5. the way to calculate produced rate for the following calculate injection rate:
SURF - at surface conditions;
RESV - at reservoir conditions;
Default:
the way to calculate produced rate: RESV.
This keyword has an Eclipse compatible analogue GCONINJE (see 12.18.81). Example GR_I 01.01.2014 GGRT 1 GROUP GR_P In the example well group GR_I starts to inject full volume of fluid produced by group GR_P.
14.6.51. GGRT / GWRT
2120
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.52
tNavigator-4.2
CWAG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
This keyword specifies well event, that’s why it should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file. The keyword sets continuous simultaneous water and gas injection. The following parameters should be specified: 1. gas fraction in volume of injected water. It is need to note that water injection rate should be specified to calculate gas volume to inject. If gas injection rate is specified, than water volume to inject will be calculated. Analogous for this keyword is the 2-nd, 13-th and 14-th parameters of the keyword WCONINJE (see 12.18.36), that is used by Eclipse. Example T1iH2SW 09.06.2021 INJE CWAG 0.001 In the example 2 events for well T1iH2SW are specified: on 09.06.2021 its type is changed to ”injection” (the keyword INJE (see 14.6.19)) and fraction of gas in water volume to inject is equal to 0.001 (the keyword CWAG).
14.6.52. CWAG
2121
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.53
tNavigator-4.2
KMOD
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to change cells permeability values during calculation. The following parameters should be specified:
in one line with the keyword: 1. X -coordinate of the first cell to change permeability; 2. X -coordinate of the last cell to change permeability; 3. Y -coordinate of the first cell to change permeability; 4. Y -coordinate of the last cell to change permeability; 5. Z -coordinate of the first cell to change permeability; 6. Z -coordinate of the last cell to change permeability; 7. SCALAR [additional parameter] - this option is used to specify one value to multiply all initial permeability values by this value.
on the next line: 1. multipliers list to apply to initial permeability values. The number of these multipliers should be equal to th number of cells, which are specified in the first line (if option SCALAR is not specified).
Default:
X -coordinate of the first cell to change permeability: 1;
X -coordinate of the last cell to change permeability: Nx ;
Y -coordinate of the first cell to change permeability: 1;
Y -coordinate of the last cell to change permeability: Ny ;
Z -coordinate of the first cell to change permeability: 1;
Z -coordinate of the last cell to change permeability: Nz ;
Example KMOD 32 38 84 88 1 6 SCALAR 10 In the example via the keyword KMOD (see 14.6.53) the values of cells permeability will be multiplied by 10.
14.6.53. KMOD
2122
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.54
tNavigator-4.2
PARE
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to specify parent well group for a well group. The following parameters should be specified: 1. name of the group which will be assigned to a parent group; 2. name of the parent group. Default:
name of the parent group: ALL.
Example PARE PROD_1_2 PROD PARE PROD_3_4 PROD In the example well group PROD is set to be a parent one for groups PROD_1_2 and PROD_3_4.
14.6.54. PARE
2123
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.55
tNavigator-4.2
PCSH
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets options for capillary pressure values shift to stabilize solution when option EQUI (see 14.5.4) is used. The following parameters should be specified: 1. shift option: MIN, LIMI, FULL or OFF.
MIN - adds a minimal set of shifts to cells in which two phases are mobile;
LIMI - adds a minimal set of shifts to cells with the following notices: – PcOG shifts are calculated only for cells which are below gas-oil contact defined by EQUI (see 14.5.4); – PcOW shifts are calculated only for cells which are above water-oil contact; – the stabilisation shifts will generally be less than generated ones by the MIN option, but there may be some initial state movement for cells outside the chosen contact depth interval.
FULL - shifts the capillary pressures of all the cells in the reservoir so that all phases lie on their hydrostatic pressure curves;
OFF - shift of capillary pressure values is denied.
Default:
shift option: MIN.
Example PCSH FULL
14.6.55. PCSH
2124
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.56
tNavigator-4.2
GVRT
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets settings of voidage replacement. This keyword should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file to specify well event. The following parameters should be specified: 1. reinjection coefficient, i.e. injection rate expressed via production rate; 2. reinjection rate; 3. OFF [additional parameter] - turn off this option; 4. WELL name / GROUP name - instead of name you should to specify a name of injection well or a well group which contains injection wells. This well or group will inject producted fluid. Default: None. Example ALL 12.05.2010 GVRT 1 0 GROUP ALL In the example the keyword GVRT sets settings of voidage replacement. Producted fluid will be injected by all injection well of a field.
14.6.56. GVRT
2125
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.57
tNavigator-4.2
PLIM
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
This keyword specifies well event, then it should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file. This keyword sets well lower limits. The following parameters should be specified: 1. limit type:
OIL - oil rate (METRIC: sm3 ; FIELD: stb);
GAS - gas rate (METRIC: sm3 ; FIELD: stb);
WCT (WCUT) - watercut (METRIC: sm3 /sm3 ; FIELD: stb/stb);
WGR - water-gas ratio (METRIC: sm3 /ksm3 ; FIELD: stb/Msc f );
GOR - gas-oil ratio (METRIC: ksm3 /sm3 ; FIELD: Msc f /stb);
GLR - gas-liquid ratio (METRIC: ksm3 /sm3 ; FIELD: Msc f /stb);
OGR - oil-gas ratio (METRIC: sm3 /ksm3 ; FIELD: stb/Msc f ).
2. limit value; 3. action to well if limit will be exceeded:
SHUT - shut well.
Example P2 12.05.2010 PLIM GOR 0.5 SHUT In the example limit on P2 is set. Limit will be active since 12.05.2010. If ratio of gas rate and oil rate will exceed 0.5, then well P2 will be shut.
14.6.57. PLIM
2126
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.58
tNavigator-4.2
CIJK
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
This keyword specifies well event, then it should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file. The keyword sets coordinates of well perforations. The data should be terminated with a slash /. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name [additional parameter] – well name is in the line, if parameter WELL is in EFORm (see 14.6.12). Otherwise well name can be specified separately in line, which precedes the line that specify event; 2. perforation date (date format should correspond to the format specified in EFORm (see 14.6.12). For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. The keyword CIJK which specifies event; 4. perforation i-coordinate; 5. perforation j -coordinate; 6. first perforation interval k -coordinate; 7. second perforation interval k -coordinate; 8. [additional parameter] well radius (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 9. [additional parameter] multiplier of transmissibility coefficient; 10. [additional parameter] skin-factor; 11. [additional parameter] transmissibility coefficient (METRIC: cP-rm3 /day-bar , FIELD: cP-rb/day- psi); 12. [additional parameter] well Kh (METRIC: mD-m, FIELD: mD- f t ); Default:
well radius: 0.5 f t ;
transmissibility multiplier: 1;
14.6.58. CIJK
2127
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
skin: 0.
Example ETAB P2 0 CIJK 10 41 10 13 In the example the keyword CIJK sets well P2 perforation coordinates at initial time step. Example WELL P1 PROD Q=10 PLIM=2800 BHP RADI 0.5 CIJK 10 41 10 10 / 10 41 11 11 / 10 41 12 12 / 10 41 13 13 / / This example is equivalent to the example above, but in this one perforation coordinates are defined via the keyword WELL (see 14.6.23).
14.6.58. CIJK
2128
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.59
tNavigator-4.2
ARRAy
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets list of timesteps to output calculation model results at these steps. Dates (or times) should be specified, but not step numbers. The following parameters should be specified:
in the line with the keyword: 1. time intervals unit: – – – –
DAYS – day; MONT – month; YEAR – year; DATE – steps are specified in full date format.
2. [additional parameter] EQUA – intervals between outputs are equal. Interval length is equal to the first number in the next line; 3. [additional parameter] END – additional output at the calculation end.
in the next line: 1. intervals or timestep dates list. The data should be terminated with a slash /.
Default:
time intervals unit: DATE.
Example ARRA YEAR END 0 1 2 3 4 / In the example the keyword ARRA sets date list. Calculation results will be outputed for these dates. Data will be outputed at initial timestep at first, then data will be outputed one time each year. Finally data will be outputed at the last timestep.
14.6.59. ARRAy
2129
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.60
tNavigator-4.2
FREQ
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword is used to set a multiple for data output frequency. Data output is set via the keyword RATE (see 14.6.2). The keyword FREQ (see 14.6.60) always follows the keyword RATE (see 14.6.2). The following parameters should be specified: 1. a multiple for frequency of data output to monitor. Default:
a multiple for frequency of data output to monitor: 0. In this case data will be outputed at each time step.
Example RATE 2 MONT FREQ 2 In the example frequency of data output is equal to 4 months.
14.6.60. FREQ
2130
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.61
tNavigator-4.2
DELTa
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword is set length of calculation next time step. The keyword is ignored, it is a MORE compatibility field.
14.6.61. DELTa
2131
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.62
tNavigator-4.2
COMP
Data format
x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets perforation intervals along well which track was specified via the keywords TFIL (see 14.6.4) or TTAB (see 14.6.6)/ENDT (see 14.6.8). This keyword can be used only with the keyword WELL (see 13.9.6) and should be specified after it. The following parameters should be specified: 1. track name which set via the keywords TFIL (see 14.6.4) or TTAB (see 14.6.6)/ENDT (see 14.6.8); 2. depth MD of the start of perforation interval (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 3. depth MD of the end of perforation interval (METRIC: m, FIELD: f t ); 4. radius of well over this interval; 5. skin-factor; 6. transmissibility multiplier; 7. [additional parameter] cells type to perforate (for dual porosity and dual permeability models):
FRAC – complete fracture cells only;
MAT – complete matrix cells only;
BOTH – complete both cell types.
This keyword has a tNavigator analog COMPDATMD (see 12.18.10). Default:
radius of well over this interval: 6 inches;
skin-factor: 0;
transmissibility multiplier: 1;
cells type to perforate (for dual porosity and dual permeability models): FRAC.
14.6.62. COMP
2132
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
tNavigator-4.2
Example WELL 232 PROD HLIQ PMIN=110 QOIL=100 HWEF COMP 232 4000 4030 0.25 0 1 In the example for well 232 perforation interval, well radius, skin-factor and transmissibility multiplier are set.
14.6.62. COMP
2133
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.63 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
BRANch x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The subkeyword is optional for keyword PERF (see 13.9.13), which defines well perforation event. BRAN (see 14.6.63) sets number of branch which will be perforated. Trajectories must first be defined using the keyword TFIL (see 14.6.4), or TTAB (see 14.6.6), or WELLTRACK (see 12.18.9). Example TTAB 'P1' 525 525 2950 1* 525 525 2960 1* P1:1' 525 525 2954 0 575 525 2955 50 725 525 2956 200
'
EFORm WELL 'DD.MM.YYYY' MDL MDU RAD SKIN MULT ETAB P1 01.01.2015 PERF 50 200 0.1 3 1* BRANCH 1 ENDE In the example perforation of branch 1 of well P1 is set.
14.6.63. BRANch
2134
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.64 Data format
tNavigator-4.2
TRAC (RECU) x tNavigator
Section
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
This keyword specifies well event, then it should be used inside ETAB (see 14.6.5) table or inside EFILE (see 14.6.3) file. The keyword sets the beginning of tracer injection. The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name [additional parameter] – well name is in the line, if parameter WELL is in EFORm (see 14.6.12). Otherwise well name can be specified separately in line, which precedes the line that specify event; 2. perforation date (date format should correspond to the format specified in EFORm (see 14.6.12). For example, DD.MM.YYYY); 3. The keyword TRAC which specifies event; 4. tracer concentration; 5. tracer name. Example P1 01.01.2015 TRAC 0.1 TRC1
14.6.64. TRAC (RECU)
2135
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.65
tNavigator-4.2
WGPP
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets well to which GPP (see 14.1.17) option will be applied. This keyword is used only when parameter ALL is not used in keyword GPP (see 14.1.17). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name. Only one well name can be specified. Example WGPP PROD1
14.6.65. WGPP
2136
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.66
tNavigator-4.2
WMPG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets well to which MPGP (see 14.1.18) option will be applied. This keyword is used only when parameter ALL is not used in keyword MPGP (see 14.1.18). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name. Only one well name can be specified. Example WMPG PROD1
14.6.66. WMPG
2137
14.6. RECUrrent Data Section
14.6.67
tNavigator-4.2
WRG
Data format Section
x tNavigator
E300
x MORE
E100
IMEX
STARS
INPU
FLUI
RELA
GRID
INIT
x RECU
GEM
The keyword sets well to which Russell-Goodrich equation will be applied (see details in the description of keyword RG (see 14.1.19)). The following parameters should be specified: 1. well name. Only one well name can be specified. Example WRG PROD1
14.6.67. WRG
2138
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
15
tNavigator-4.2
Keyword definitions index E100, E300
A ACF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928 ACFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930 ACTDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1472 ACTIONG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1474 ACTIONR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1477 ACTIONW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1479 ACTIONX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1482 ACTNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 ADD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .641 ADDREG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 ADDZCORN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 AIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 AIMFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 ALKADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 ALKALINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 ALKROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 ALPOLADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 ALSURFAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856 ALSURFST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 AMALGAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 APIGROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 APIVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097 AQANTRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1161 AQUANCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165 AQUCHWAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153 AQUCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169 AQUCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1162 AQUDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150 AQUFET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155 AQUFETP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159 AQUFLUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1152 AQUNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167 AQUTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164 ASPFLRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876 ASPHALTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 ASPP1P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 ASPP2P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 ASPPW2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 ASPREWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
ASPVISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
B BDENSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 BIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 BICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 BIGMODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 BLACKOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 BRANPROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1382 BRINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
C CALVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073 CALVALR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074 CARFIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 CART. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401 CATYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 CBMOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 CECON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343 CNAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 CO2SOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 COAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 COALNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 COARSEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 COMPDAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209 COMPDATL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212 COMPDATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215 COMPINJK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1253 COMPLMPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249 COMPLUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1247 COMPMBIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1528 COMPMOBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1526 COMPOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395 COMPORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1251 COMPRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267 COMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 COMPSEGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246 COMPSEGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243 COMPVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 COORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 COORDSYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 COPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 COPYBOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
COPYREG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 CREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 CSKIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1645 CVCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1421 CVTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967
D DATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195 DATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1412 DATUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126 DATUMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127 DATUMRX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128 DCQDEFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1557 DELAYACT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1488 DENSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 DEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 DGRDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1381 DIFFCBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 DIFFCGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 DIFFCOAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864 DIFFCOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 DIFFMMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 DIFFUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 DIMENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 DISGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 DNGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963 DOMAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 DPCDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 DPGRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 DPNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 DRAINAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 DREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012 DREFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013 DRILPRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588 DRSDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401 DRVDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404 DUALPERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 DUALPORO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 DUMPFLUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 DX / DY / DZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 DXV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466 DYV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467 DZMATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 DZMTRX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
2141
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
DZMTRXV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 DZNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 DZV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
E ECHO / NOECHO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 EDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 EDITNNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 EHYSTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 EHYSTRR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 END . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 ENDACTIO / ENDACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1490 ENDBOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610 ENDFIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 ENDNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670 ENDSCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 ENDSKIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1587 ENKRVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946 ENKRVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 ENKRVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1066 ENPCVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948 ENPCVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 ENPCVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067 ENPTVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949 ENPTVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 ENPTVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065 EOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897 EOSNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 EOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 EPSCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945 EQLDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 EQLNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 EQLOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 EQUALREG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 EQUALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 EQUIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077 ESSNODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
F FACTLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 FAULTDIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 FAULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 FIELD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 FIELDSEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
2142
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
FIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 FIPNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 FIPOWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 FIPSEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 FLUXNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 FLUXREG / FLUXTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 FMTIN/ FMTSAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 FOAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 FOAMADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 FOAMDCYO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 FOAMDCYW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 FOAMMOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 FOAMMOBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 FOAMMOBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887 FOAMOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 FOAMROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882 FORMOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 FULLIMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
G GADVANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1538 GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 GASBEGIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1559 GASCCMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1143 GASCONC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1141 GASEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1561 GASFCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566 GASFDECR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565 GASFIELD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 GASFTARG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1564 GASMONTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1562 GASPERIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1554 GASSATC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142 GASVISCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 GASVISCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029 GASYEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1551 GCONINJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1372 GCONPRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1358 GCONPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1349 GCONSALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1540 GCONSUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375 GCONTOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1600 GCUTBACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306 GDCQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1549
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
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GDCQECON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1558 GDFILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 GDRILPOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1593 GECON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1406 GEFAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1347 GEOMECH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 GINJGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1536 GLIFTLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607 GLIFTOPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1608 GNETDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1388 GNETINJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1390 GNETPUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1398 GPMAINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361 GPMAINT3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363 GPTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108 GPTABLE3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112 GPTABLEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 GPTDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 GRAVDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 GRAVDRM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 GRAVITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718 GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 GRIDFILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 GRIDOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 GRIDUNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 GRUPFUEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1542 GRUPINJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292 GRUPLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1408 GRUPMAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1641 GRUPNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399 GRUPPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1624 GRUPRIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1596 GRUPSALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539 GRUPSLAV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1643 GRUPTARG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1317 GRUPTREE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1380 GSATINJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1378 GSATPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376 GSEPCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506 GSWINGF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1547 GUIDERAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1353
H HEATCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979
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HEATCRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980 HEATDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 HEATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1522 HEATVAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983 HEATVAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984 HEATVAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061 HMMLCTAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1174 HMMLFTAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1175 HMMLTPX / HMMLTPY / HMMLTPZ / HMMLTPXY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 HMMULTX / HMMULTY / HMMULTZ / HMMLTXY / HMMULTPV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 HMMULTX- / HMMULTY- / HMMULTZ- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 HWELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 HXFIN / HYFIN / HZFIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
I IKRG, IKRGR, IKRW, IKRWR, IKRO, IKRORW, IKRORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 IMBNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 IMBNUMMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 IMPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 IMPLICIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 IMPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 INCLUDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 INIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 ISGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 ISGL, ISGCR, ISGU, ISWL, ISWLPC, ISWCR, ISWU, ISOGCR, ISOWCR . . . . . . . . . . . 778
J JALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 JFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 JFUNCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
K KRG, KRGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 KRNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 KRNUMMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 KRO, KRORW, KRORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 KRW, KRWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 KVALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 KVCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971 KVCRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973 KVTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910 KVTABTn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975 KVTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974 KVWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
L LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 LANGMEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867 LANGMUIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 LANGMULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 LBCCOEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937 LBCCOEFR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938 LGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 LGRCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 LGRLOCK / LGRFREE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429 LICENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 LIFTOPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1606 LILIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 LOWSALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 LSALTFNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 LTOSIGMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 LWSLTNUM / LSNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657 LX / LY / LZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
M MAPAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 MAPUNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 MATCORR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1422 MAXVALUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 MEMORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 MESSAGE / MESSAGES / MSGFILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 METRIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 MIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 MINDZNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 MINPORV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 MINPV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 MINPVV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 MINROCKV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 MINRV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 MINVALUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 MISCEXP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 MISCIBLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 MISCNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 MISCSTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 MISCSTRR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 MONITOR/ NOMONITO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 MULTFLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 MULTIN/ MULTSAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 MULTIPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
MULTIREG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 MULTMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 MULTNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 MULTOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 MULTPV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 MULTREGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 MULTREGT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 MULTSIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1439 MULTSIGV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1440 MULTX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 MULTX- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 MULTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 MULTY- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 MULTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 MULTZ- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 MW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924 MWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926 MWW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927
N NCOMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962 NCONSUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387 NEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 NETBALAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1423 NETCOMPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1392 NETWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 NEWTRAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 NEXTSTEP / NSTACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1428 NNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 NNCGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 NODEPROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384 NODPPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 NOMIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 NONNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 NOSIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 NPROCX / NPROCKY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 NTG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 NUMRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 NUPCOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1598 NWATREM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1396 NXFIN / NYFIN / NZFIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
O OIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
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OILAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098 OILVINDX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024 OILVISCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022 OILVISCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020 OLDTRAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 OMEGAA / OMEGAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 OMEGAAS / OMEGABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936 OPERATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 OPERATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 OPERNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611 OUTSOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 OVERBURD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
P PARACHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 PARALLEL / PARAOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 PATHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 PBUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119 PBVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081 PCG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 PCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914 PCRITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 PCW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .791 PDEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125 PDVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085 PEDERSEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 PEDTUNE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959 PEDTUNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961 PERMAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 PERMMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 PERMX / PERMY / PERMZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 PETOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 PICOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1569 PIMTDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 PIMULTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1266 PINCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 PINCHNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 PINCHOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 PINCHREG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 PLMIXNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 PLMIXPAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849 PLYADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 PLYMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
PLYROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 PLYSHEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 PLYSHLOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 PLYVISC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 PLYVISCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 PMANUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 POLYMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 PORO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 PORV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 PPCWMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795 PRCORR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 PREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007 PREFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008 PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087 PRIORITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1366 PROPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 PRORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1604 PRVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089 PSEUPRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1634 PSPLITX/ PSPLITY/ PSPLITZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 PVCDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 PVCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 PVDG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 PVDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 PVTG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 PVTNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 PVTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 PVTW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 PVTWSALT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .823 PVZG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Q QDRILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1592
R REACACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035 REACCORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037 REACENTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051 REACLIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040 REACPHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048 REACPORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045 REACRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033 REACSORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050 REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114 REFINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 REGDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 REGIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652 RESORB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870 RESTART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 RESVNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 RKTRMDIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 ROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 ROCKCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 ROCKCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 ROCKDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 ROCKDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 ROCKNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 ROCKOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 ROCKPROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 ROCKTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 ROCKV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068 ROMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148 RPTGRID/ RPTGRIDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 RPTHMD/ RPTHMG/ RPTHMW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 RPTISOL/ RPTPROPS/ RPTREGS/ RPTRUNSP/ RPTSCHED/ RPTSMRY/ RPTSOL . . 457 RPTONLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194 RPTRST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 RS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121 RSCONST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 RSCONSTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 RSVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080 RSW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145 RSWVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 RTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 RTEMPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116 RTEMPVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117 RUNSPEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 RV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123 RVCONST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 RVCONSTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 RVVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083
S SALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136 SALTNODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 SALTVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137 SATNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
SATOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 SCALECRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 SCALELIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 SCDATAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1631 SCDPDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 SCDPTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629 SCDPTRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1630 SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200 SCREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999 SDREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 SEPARATE / RUNSUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1196 SEPCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507 SEPVALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504 SFOAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146 SGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092 SGCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773 SGFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 SGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771 SGOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 SGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 SGWFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754 SIGMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 SIGMAGD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 SIGMAGDV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 SIGMAV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 SKIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1579 SKIP100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1581 SKIP300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1582 SKIPREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1580 SKIPSTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 SLAVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1640 SLGOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 SMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099 SOF2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 SOF3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 SOGCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094 SOILR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147 SOLID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 SOLUBILI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076 SOLVDIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 SOMGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
2151
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
SOMWAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 SOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 SOROPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 SOWCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774 SPECGRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 SPECHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1052 SPECHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053 SPECHEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072 SPECHG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057 SPECHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058 SPECHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062 SPECHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063 SPECROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071 SPOLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140 SPREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998 SSHIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943 SSHIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944 SSOLID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096 START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 STCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 STHERMX1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993 STOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804 STONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 STONE1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 STONE2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 STONEPAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 STOPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046 STOREAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1047 STOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 STREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000 STVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177 SURF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139 SURFACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 SURFACTW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 SURFADDW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 SURFADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 SURFCAPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840 SURFNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 SURFROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 SURFST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 SURFSTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 SURFVISC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
2152
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
SURFWNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656 SWAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090 SWATINIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 SWCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 SWFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 SWINGFAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1545 SWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 SWLPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 SWOF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722 SWU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776
T TABDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 TBLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129 TCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 TCRITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913 TEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 TEMPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115 TEMPVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064 THANALB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 THCGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 THCOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 THCONMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 THCONR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 THCONSF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986 THCROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 THCSOLID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 THCWATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 THERMAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 THERMEX1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001 THPRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086 THPRESFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 THSVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069 THWVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070 TIGHTENP / TSCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1426 TITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 TNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131 TOLCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 TOPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 TRACER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 TRACERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 TRANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1628 TRANX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 TRANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
2153
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tNavigator-4.2
TRANZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 TRDCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 TREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010 TREFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 TSTEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415 TUNING / TUNINGDP / TUNINGL / TUNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425 TVDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133 TZONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
U UDADIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 UDQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1491 UDQDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 UDQPARAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 UDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495 UDTDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 UNIFIN/ UNIFSAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 UNIFOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 USEFLUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
V VAPOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 VCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 VCRITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919 VCRITVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 VDKRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 VDKRGC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955 VDKRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956 VELDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 VFPCHK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1326 VFPIDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 VFPINJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1319 VFPPDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 VFPPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1322 VFPTABL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1327 VISCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 VISCREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018
W WAGHYSTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861 WALKALIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515 WARN / NOWARN / NOWARNEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 WATDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 WATERTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
WATVISCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019 WAVAILIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1544 WBHGLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1308 WCONHIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1275 WCONINJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1281 WCONINJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1278 WCONINJH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1286 WCONINJP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1283 WCONPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271 WCUTBACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304 WCYCLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1295 WDFAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510 WDFACCOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511 WDRILPRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1590 WDRILRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1594 WDRILTIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1591 WECON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333 WECONCMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1339 WECONINJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345 WEFAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1346 WELCNTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1316 WELDRAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409 WELLCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1626 WELLDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 WELLGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1638 WELLINJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289 WELLLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1342 WELLOPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1420 WELLOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1599 WELLPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621 WELLSPEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1208 WELLSTRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525 WELLTARG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315 WELLWAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297 WELOPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1416 WELOPENL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418 WELPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318 WELPRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1368 WELSEGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221 WELSOMIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201 WELSPECL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205 WELSPECS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202 WELTARG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
2155
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
WFOAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1646 WFRICSEG / WFRICSGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1242 WFRICTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237 WFRICTNL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1240 WGASPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1563 WGORPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1340 WGRUPCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1370 WH2NUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 WH3NUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 WHISTCTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303 WHTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1519 WINJGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1534 WINJMIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1530 WINJMULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1269 WINJORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1532 WINJTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1520 WINJWAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1521 WLIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1601 WLIFTOPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1609 WLIMTOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503 WLIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255 WLISTDYN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1257 WNETDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1620 WORKLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1595 WORKTHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1348 WPAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1571 WPAVEDEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1575 WPIMULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259 WPIMULTL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1262 WPITAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1265 WPOLYMER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1516 WREGROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1356 WRFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1576 WRFTPLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1577 WSALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1517 WSCTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1632 WSEGAICD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1230 WSEGDIMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 WSEGEXSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233 WSEGFLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235 WSEGITER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1424 WSEGTABL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225 WSEGVALV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
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15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
tNavigator-4.2
WSEPCOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509 WSURFACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1514 WTADD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1312 WTAKEGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1543 WTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1518 WTEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1523 WTMULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310 WTRACER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513 WVFPDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1567 WVFPEXP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328
X XMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100 XMFVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905
Y YMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 YMFVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
Z ZCORN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 ZCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921 ZCRITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 ZCRITVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 ZFACT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016 ZFACTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014 ZI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 ZIPPY2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1427 ZMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102 ZMFVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
15. Keyword definitions index E100, E300
2157
16. Keyword definitions index IMEX, STARS, GEM
16
tNavigator-4.2
Keyword definitions index IMEX, STARS, GEM
A AC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1802 ALTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1893 AQFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1677 AQLEAK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1671 AQMETHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1672 AQPROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1674 AQUIFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1676 AQVISC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1673 AVG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1787 AVISC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1780
B BIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1800 BKRGCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1843 BKROCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1845 BKRWIRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1841 BOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1794 BPCGMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1847 BPCWMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1849 BSGCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1831 BSGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1833 BSOIRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1835 BSOIRW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1829 BSORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1839 BSORW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1837 BSWCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1827 BSWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1825 BVG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1788 BVISC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1781 BWI / CW / REFPW / CVW / VWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1735
C CCPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1683 CMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1789 CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1793 COMPNAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1737 CON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1651 CONC_ SLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1869 COORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1660 CORNERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1679 COT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1792
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2158
16. Keyword definitions index IMEX, STARS, GEM
tNavigator-4.2
CP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1744 CPEPAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1717 CPG1 / CPG2 / CPG3 / CPG4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1756 CPL1 / CPL2 / CPL3 / CPL4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755 CPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1701 CPORPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1714 CPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1747 CPTPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703 CRD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1719 CROCKTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1684 CROCKTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1681 CT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1745 CT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1746 CTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1723 CTPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1702 CTPPAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1724 CTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1682 CVO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795
D DATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1886 DATUMDEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1856 DENSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1734 DEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1691 DGOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1862 DI / DJ / DK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1658 DIFRAC / DJFRAC / DKFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1663 DILATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1725 DTOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1692 DUALPERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1678 DUALPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1661 DWOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1861
E EACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1765 EACT_ TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1766 EOSSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1798 EOSTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1799 EV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1760
F FORMINFRAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1689 FR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1722 FRACTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1650 FREQFAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1763
16. Keyword definitions index IMEX, STARS, GEM
2159
16. Keyword definitions index IMEX, STARS, GEM
tNavigator-4.2
FREQFACP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1764 FRFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1688
G GASD-ZCOEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1790 GASLIQKV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1791 GEOMETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1894 GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1657
H HEATR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1882 HLOSSPROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713 HLOSST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711 HLOSSTDIFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1712 HTWELL / HTWRATE / HTWRATEPL / HTWTEMP / HTWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 HVAPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1758 HVR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1759
I IDEALGAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1797 INCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811 INITIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1852 INITREGION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1857 INJECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1889 INTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1858 INUNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1655 ISOTHERMAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1878 IVAR / JVAR / KVAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1652
K K_ SURF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1727 KRGCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1842 KROCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1844 KRTEMTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1822 KRTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1821 KRWIRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1840 KV1 / KV2 / KV3 / KV4 / KV5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1754 KVTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1753 KVTABLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1752
L LAYERXYZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1898
M MASSDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1743 MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1649
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tNavigator-4.2
MAXTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1880 MFRAC_ GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1871 MFRAC_ OIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870 MINTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1879 MIXVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1779 MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1730 MOLDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1742 MOLVOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729
N NETGROSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1667 NETPAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1670 NULL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1664 NUMERICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1876
O O2PP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1773 OMEGA / OMEGB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803 ON-TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1903 OPERATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1891
P PADSORP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1806 PB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1855 PBASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1716 PBC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1872 PCGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1846 PCHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1801 PCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1748 PCWEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1848 PDILA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1718 PERF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1896 PERMI / PERMJ / PERMK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1666 PINCHOUTARRAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1668 PMIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1808 POR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1665 PORMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715 PORRATMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1720 PPACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1721 PPERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1807 PREFCONC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1809 PRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1867 PRODUCER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1888 PRPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1700 PRSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1738
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tNavigator-4.2
PSURF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1740 PTHRESHI / PTHRESHJ / PTHRESHK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1850 PTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1736 PVCUTOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1693 PVISC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1810 PVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1732
Q QUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1901
R REFDEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1860 REFINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1694 REFPRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1859 RENTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1767 ROCKCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1699 ROCKFLUID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1813 ROCKTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1697 RORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1768 RPHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1769 RPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1814 RTEMLOWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771 RTEMUPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1770 RTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1820 RUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1885 RXCRITCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1772
S SCONNECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695 SECTORARRAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1690 SEPARATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1873 SG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1865 SGCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1830 SGR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1832 SGT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1818 SHAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1662 SHUTIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1890 SLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1816 SO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1864 SOIRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1834 SOIRW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1828 SOLID_ CP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1751 SOLID_ DEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1750 SORG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1838 SORW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1836
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tNavigator-4.2
STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1904 STOPROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1762 STOREAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1761 SURFLASH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1728 SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1866 SWCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1826 SWINIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1854 SWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1824 SWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1815
T TCRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1749 TEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1868 TEMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1739 TFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1877 THCONG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1707 THCONMIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1709 THCONO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1706 THCONR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1704 THCONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1708 THCONW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1705 THTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1698 TINJW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1900 TITLE1 / TITLE2 / TITLE3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1654 TMPSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1883 TRANLI / TRANLJ / TRANLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1686 TRANSF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1687 TRANSI / TRANSJ / TRANSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1685 TRIGGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 TSURF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1741
U UHTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1884
V VERTICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1853 VGUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805 VISCOEFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1778 VISCOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1776 VISCTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1782 VISCTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1775 VISVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1777 VOLMOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1669 VOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1796 VSHIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1804
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tNavigator-4.2
VSMIXCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1784 VSMIXENDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785 VSMIXFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1786 VSTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1774
W WELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1887 WELSEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 WOC_ SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1863 WTMULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1902
Z ZCORN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659
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17. Keyword definitions index RFD
17
tNavigator-4.2
Keyword definitions index RFD
A ACTIONC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1498 AIMCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 APILIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1636 AQUGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172 AQUOPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157 ARITHMETIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 ARR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 AUTOSAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1637
B BLOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 BNDNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
C COMPDATMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1218 COMPENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405 COMPFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1460 COMPFRACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1463 COMPVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1617 COMPVALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1618 COREYGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 COREYGOMOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 COREYWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 COREYWO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 COREYWOMOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733 CORNERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
D DEACDEPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 DEFINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 DRSDTVP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1402 DRSDTVPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403
E ECDATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 ECINIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 ECVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 ENPTRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785
F FIPPATT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 FLASHCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
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2165
17. Keyword definitions index RFD
tNavigator-4.2
FLOWFNAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 FLOWFTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835 FLOWFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831
G GWRATMUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635
H HEATTCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981
I IF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 IF-THEN-ELSE-ENDIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 INTERPOLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
J JFPERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
K KRSMOOTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 KVTABLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976
L LANGUAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 LETGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 LETWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 LETWO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
N NFLOWFTB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 NPROPANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
O OILVINDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 OPEN_ BASE_ MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
P PREDEFINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 PROPANTNAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 PROPANTTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 PVTGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
R REACCONC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043 RECU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1614 REPORTFILE / REPORTSCREEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 RESTARTDATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
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2166
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tNavigator-4.2
RFD_ WFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 ROCKAXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 ROCKCONT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 ROCKSALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135 ROCKSTRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 ROCKT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987 RPTMAPD/RPTGRAPHD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1189 RPTMAPL/RPTGRAPHL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193 RPTMAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144 RPTMAPT/RPTGRAPHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191 RUNCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1430
S SALTPROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 SALTTRM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 SKIPOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1584 SKIPON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1586 SKIPTNAV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1583 SPECHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054 SPECHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056 SPECHI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059 SPECHJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060 SRSALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138 STANDG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 STANDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 STHERMX2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 STORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 SURFDW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843 SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
T TEMPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 TFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 THCONMIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991 THCONT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989 THERMEX2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003 THERMEX3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005 TNAVCTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 TRACERM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 TRACEROPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 TRMMULTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818 TRMMULTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820 TRMTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
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2167
17. Keyword definitions index RFD
tNavigator-4.2
U USERFILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1616
V VDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 VFPCORR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1330 VISCNUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 VISGRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
W WBHZONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1470 WECONX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1337 WELLTRACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216 WFRAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441 WFRACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1444 WFRACP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1447 WFRACPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1456 WFRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2089 WORK/IWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 WPIFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1466 WSEGCNTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1633 WSKFUNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1468 WTEMPDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118 WWAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299
Z ZONES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
17. Keyword definitions index RFD
2168
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18
tNavigator-4.2
Keyword definitions index MORE
A ACTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1973 AQCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1977 AQCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1978 AQCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1979 AQFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1981 AQUW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1982 ARRAy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2129
B BASIc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1936 BHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2103 BHPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2107 BRANch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2134
C CIJK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2127 CNAMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1920 COMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2132 CONS (GRID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1983 CONS (INIT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2046 COORd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1974 CROC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1971 CWAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2121
D DATE / READ / TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2115 DATUm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1963 DEFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1984 DELTa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131 DEPTh / ZGRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1966 DPORo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1924 DPSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 DRAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2117 DREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2105 DWPW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1927 DZMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990
E EFILe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2054 EFORm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2069 ENDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2063 ENDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2068
18. Keyword definitions index MORE
2169
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tNavigator-4.2
ENDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2064 EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1925 EPSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1926 EQUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1940 EQUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2044 EQUI / EQLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1991 ETAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2058 ETUNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1929 EUNIts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2073
F F(DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1949 F(PO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 FAUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 FCRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1995 FEQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998 FIPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975 FKX / FKY / FKZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996 FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2099 FLUId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1934 FMLX / FMLY / FMLZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1997 FMUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 FPOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999 FPVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1988 FREF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000 FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2130 FSAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1986 FSWA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1987
G GGRT / GWRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2120 GOCX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048 GOCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2049 GOPT / GGPT / GWPT / GLPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2113 GPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1930 GPVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1939 GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1959 GROU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2116 GVRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2125
H HFILe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2065 HFORm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2071 HOIL / HGAS / HWAT / HLIQ / HRES / HBHP / HTHP / HWEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2095 HORI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1961
18. Keyword definitions index MORE
2170
18. Keyword definitions index MORE
tNavigator-4.2
HOURS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2114 HTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2067 HUNIts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2074
I IDATe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1918 IEQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2001 IMPLicit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1921 INCLude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1922 INIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2041 INJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2080 INPUt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 INTE (FLUID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1950 INTE (GRID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2002
K K_ X / K_ Y / K_ Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970 KMOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2122 KPTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2004 KRGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1957 KRWO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1956 KVPX / KVPY / KVPZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1942 KVSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1941
L LAYE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2005 LEVJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2006 LGRD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007 LTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2081
M MINDznet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2008 MINPv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1969 MODI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009 MPGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1931 MULX / MULY / MULZ (MX / MY / MZ, M_ X / M_ Y / M_ Z, M-X / M-Y / M-Z, MULTX / MULTY / MULTZ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011
N NNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019 NTG / NTOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020
O OIT / GIT / WIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2110 OMGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1944 OMGB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1945
18. Keyword definitions index MORE
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OPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1928 OPEN (RECU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2104 OPT / WPT / GPT / LPT / VPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2109 OPVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1943 OPVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1938
P P-RE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2083 PARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2123 PBVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2042 PCSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2124 PERF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2075 PINCh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 PLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2126 POROsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1968 PORV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013 PREX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2082 PRINt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1916 PROD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2079 PROP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1951 PVOL / RVOL / PVR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014 PVTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1989
R RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2053 RATI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2102 RECU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2052 RECY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2119 REFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1972 RELA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1954 REPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021 RG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1932 RSVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2043 RVVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2045
S SATNum / ROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1976 SCMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1923 SDATe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1919 SDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1947 SEPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2050 SGCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022 SGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023 SGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 SHUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2093
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18. Keyword definitions index MORE
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SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1962 SOGC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025 SOWC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2026 SQUEeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2077 STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2094 STRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2112 SWCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2029 SWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2028 SWU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2027
T T_ X / T_ Y / T_ Z (TX / TY / TZ, T-X / T-Y / T-Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2016 TEMPerature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1937 TFIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2056 THICkness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1967 THP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2101 THPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2108 TITLe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1915 TRAC (FLUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1952 TRAC (RECU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2135 TSUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2038 TTAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2062 TUBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2096
U UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1917
V VARI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018 VCOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1948 VERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960 VOLU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1946 VREP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2118
W WATR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1935 WEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2111 WELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2084 WETT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955 WFRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2087 WGPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2136 WMPG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2137 WRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2138 WWAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2086
18. Keyword definitions index MORE
2173
18. Keyword definitions index MORE
tNavigator-4.2
X X-DIrection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1964 XFLO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2106 XKRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2030 XKRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2031 XKRW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2032 XPCG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2033 XPCW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2034
Y Y-DIrection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965 YKRW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2035
Z ZCORn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2036 ZVAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2037
18. Keyword definitions index MORE
2174
REFERENCES
19
tNavigator-4.2
The bibliography
References [1] Aziz, K., Settari A., Petroleum reservoir simulation, Applied Science Publishers LTD, London, 1979. [2] Ertekin, T., Abou-Kassem, J.H., King, G.R., Basic applied reservoir simulation. SPE Textbook Series, Richardson, Texas, 2001. [3] Stone, H. L., Probability Model for Estimating Three-Phase Relative Permeability. Trans AIME (JPT), 249, p. 214-218, 1970. [4] Stone, H. L., Estimation of Three-Phase Relative Permeability and Residual Oil Data. Can.Pet.Tech., Vol 12, p. 53-61, 1973. [5] Carter, R. D., Tracy, G. W., An Improved Method for Calculating Water Influx. Trans AIME (JPT), 219, p. 58-60, 1960. [6] Fetkovich, M. J., A Simplified Approach to Water Influx Calculations - Finite Aquifer Systems. JPT, p. 814-828, July 1971. [7] Tarek Ahmed, Reservoir Engineering Handbook. Third Edition, 2006. [8] Jorge Javier Velarde Pereira Correlation of black oil properties at pressures below the bubblepoint. 1996. [9] Ahmed T. Equation of State and PVT Analysis. [10] Economides, Michael J. Unified Fracture Design. Orsa Press, Alvin, Texas, 2002. [11] Khalid Aziz, George W. Govier, Pressure Drop In Wells Producing Oil And Gas. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, volume 11, July 1972. [12] J. Orkiszewski, Predicting Two-Phase Pressure Drops in Vertical Pipe. Journal of Petroleum Technology, volume 19, June 1967. [13] Alton R. Hagedorn, Kermit E. Brown, Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Continuous Two-Phase Flow in Small Diameter vertical Conduits. Journal of Petroleum Technology, volume 17, April 1965. [14] D.H. Beggs, J.P. Brill, A Study of Two-Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes. Journal of Petroleum Technology, volume 25, May 1973. [15] Hemanta Mukherjee, James P. Brill, Empirical Equations to Predict Flow Patterns in Two-Phase Inclined Flow. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, volume 11, issue 3, May-June 1985. [16] Nicholas Petalas, A Mechanistic Model for Stabilized Multiphase Flow in Pipes. Stanford University, 1997. [17] http://www.fekete.ca/SAN/WebHelp/Piper/WebHelp/c-te-pressure.htm, Gray correlation section.
19. The bibliography
2175
REFERENCES
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[18] M.J. King, Mark Mansfield, Flow Simulation of Geologic Models. SPE Reservoir Eval. & Eng., Vol. 2, No. 4, August 1999. [19] Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, pp. 2-306. [20] J. L. M. Fernandes, Correlations for fast computation of thermodynamic properties of saturated water and steam. International journal of energy research, vol. 19, pp. 507-514, 1995. [21] L.E.Baker, SPE / DOE 17369. [22] Fayers and Matthews, SPEJ April 1984, pp. 224-232. [23] Karen Schou Pedersen, Peter L. Christensen Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids, Taylor & Francis Group 2006, pp. 197-206.
REFERENCES
2176