GRAMMAR - SIMPLE PAST WAS / WERE We use verb to be to talk about people, place or time Subject Pronoun I You He She I
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GRAMMAR -
SIMPLE PAST WAS / WERE
We use verb to be to talk about people, place or time
Subject Pronoun I You He She It We You
Verb to be was were was was was were were
Negative Question I wasn´t Was I ……..….? You weren´t Were you……...? He wasn´t Was he………….? She wasn´t Was she…………? It wasn´t Was it…………...? We weren´t Were we ……….? You weren´t Were you……….?
I. Complete the information using the prompts. Name: John Winston Last name: Lennon Born: October 9th 1940. Liverpool Nationality: British Feelings: romantic, rebel Occupation: singer and songwriter Body type: slim and tall Marital status: married Killed: in December 1980 in New York Name: Michael Joseph Last name: Jackson Born: on August 29, 1958. Indiana Nationality: American Feelings: lovely and nice Occupation: singer, songwriter and dancer Body type: slim and tall Marital status: divorced Death: on July 7th 2009 Name: Paul William Last name: Walker Born: September 12th 1973 Nationality: American Personality: outgoing Occupation: actor Body type: strong and tall Marital status: married Death: November 30th 2013
II.
His name was John Winston Lennon, he was born on October 9th 1940, in Liverpool, he was British. He was romantic and rebel. He was a singer and a songwriter. He was slim and tall. He was married, his wife´s name was Yoko Onno, he was killed in December 1980 in New York.
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Describe a famous person who died.
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________
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V. Complete these conversations with was, wasn’t, were or weren’t 1. A: How was your vacation in Peru, Julio? B: It ____________ great. I really enjoyed it. A: How long ____________ you there? B: We _____________ there for two weeks. A: ___________ you in Lima all the time. B: No, we ___________ . We _____________________ in the mountains for a few days. A: And how ______________ the weather? ____________ it good? B: No, it _________ good at all. The city ________ very hot, and the mountains ________ really cold! VI. Describe your last vacation.
Place clothes
weather
Hotel
food
People
Transportation
My last vacation __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ VOCABULARIO: Adjectives Place food transportation Awesome Delicious Slow Big Awful Fast Small Tasty Comfortable Boring Salty Uncomfortable Exciting Spicy Cheap Crowded Expensive Expensive Interesting Cheap Old Polluted Sweet Modern clean bitter dirty
people Friendly Unfriendly Polite Kind Rude noisy shy quiet excited
Weather Sunny Rainy Foggy Cloudy Snowy Freeze Hot Cold Warm
Hotel Big Small Expensive Cheap luxurious Modern charming residential
Clothes Loose Tight Comfortable Elegant casual baggy brief Cool designer
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GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST We use simple past to talk about a complete action in the past.
Ex:
I took a shower yesterday
Subject Pronouns I You He She It We You They
Verb ran studied ate played drank sang wrote bought
Complement in the park English rice basketball water beautiful songs a letter clothes
Time expression
yesterday last week four months ago
We use auxiliary verb Did with interrogative or negative sentences Did you play soccer? No, I didn´t Yes, I did. I didn´t work last week
( Negative sentence)
Note: There are regular and irregular verbs. Regular ending in ed. Irregular verbs have to be learned by heart.
I. It’s the beginning of a new term at university. Two students, Nick and Eric, are talking about the summer holidays. Complete their conversation using the correct Past Simple form of the words in brackets. Nick: What ………………. you ………………………. (/do) in the summer? Eric: I (1)……………………. (take) a trip around Europe by train. Nick:
(2)………………….you …………………( go) on your own, or with some friends?
Eric: Nick :
A couple of friends (3)………………. (come) with me. How many countries (4)……………you …………………… (visit)?
Eric: Nick
I (5)………….(go) to six or seven countries. I (6)…………(have) a great time, and I really 7)………….(love) all of them. Which one (8)……………………you ………………. (like) most?
Eric:
Sweden, I think. I (9)…………….(enjoy) exploring the marvelous countryside and I (10)………………..(take) lots of photographs. ……........... you …………………. (eat) typical food?
Nick Eric:
Yes, I …………… but just at the beginning we ……………… (look ) for a Mexican restaurant and we…………… (eat) Tacos. I really ……………………. (miss) them
Nick: When (11)……………you ……………………. (arrive) back home? Eric:
I ………………….. (come) back last Friday, I ………… (be) tired but happy.
VOCABULARIO: Infin. verbs Bring Buy Catch Fight Seek Teach Think Begin Run
Verb in past
Verbs in Past P.
Infin. verbs Swim Ring Sing Spring Drink Sink Swing Blow Grow
Verb in past
Verbs in Past P.
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I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Complete the sentences using the Past Simple form and the words in brackets ( ). We _________________ (go) on holiday to Scotland last year. I _______________ (take) a taxi from the airport to the city centre. The man in the shop ___________ (say) something to the woman, but she _________________ (not hear) him. I ________________ (ring) the doorbell and a woman __________________ (open) the door. I _________________ (write) a letter to a friend, and then I _____________________ (post) it. ________________ you __________________ (understand) the film? No, I ___________________ (try) to understand it, but the actors ____________________ (speak) very quickly. 7. _____________ you _________________ (buy) some clothes at the market? Yes, I ______________________ (buy) a pair of trousers and a shirt. 8. ___________ you __________________ (enjoy) the festival? Yes, it ___________________ (not rain) and we ____________________ (listen) to some good music. II. Complete the dialogues with the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets. Dylan: I ____________ (call) you yesterday, but you _______________ (not-be) home. _____________________ (your sister / tell) you? Tyler: No, she probably ___________________ (forget). Dylan: I _________________ (try) your mobile phone, but it _________________(be) switched off. Tyler: Actually, I ______________ (not-have) it with me. Anyway, what ______________ (you /want) to tell me? Dylan: I _____________________ (want) to invite you to dinner on Saturday. Tyler: Great. See you then. Andy: Hey, Jake, what _______________________ (you/do) last night? Jake: I _________________ (go) to the cinema with Henry. Andy: What __________________________ (you/watch)? Jake: Malefica. We _____________________ (love) it. Andy: I ______________________ (think) Malefica is a children´s film. Jake: Well, it isn´t. Andy: What __________ you ____________ (do) afterwards? Jake: we ______________ (go) to a restaurant and then we ______________ (come) back home. VOCABULARIO: Infin. verbs Know Throw Fly Draw Withdraw See Wear Swear Tear
Verb in past
Verbs in Past P. Infin. verbs Break Choose Freeze Speak Steal Wake Get Forget Bite
Verb in past
Verbs in Past P.
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REGULAR VERBS ( Pronunciation rules ) 1.- If the verb ending in the sound ( not letter ), like / s / ch / sh / x / p / k / f /, the particle “ed” will be pronounced like / t / . 2.- If the verb ending in the sound ( not letter ), like / n / m / l / r / y / w / z / b /, the particle “ed” will be pronounced like / d /. 3.- If the verb ending in the letter “ t “o “ d ”, the particle “ed” will be pronounced like / id /
write on the line “t” , “d ” or “id” according to the rules. 1. Abolished _______ 2. Abused _______ 3. Accepted _______ 4. Acted _______ 5. Added _______ 6. Admired _______ 7. Advised _______ 8. Agreed _______ 9. Aimed _______ 10.Allowed _______ 11.Amused _______ 12.Announced_______ 13.Answered _______ 14.Arranged ________ 15.Arrested _______ 16.Arrived _______ 17.Asked _______ I.
18.-Compared ______ 19.-Completed______ 20.-Considered______ 21.-Continued______ 22.-Cooked ______ 23.-Copied ______ 24.-Covered ______ 25.-Booked ______ 26.-Brushed ______ 27.-Called ______ 28.-Decided ______ 29.-Destroyed ______ 30.-Died ______ 31.-Dreamed ______ 32.-Earned ______ 33.-Ended ______ 34.-Enjoyed ______
35.-Escaped ______ 36.-Explained ______ 37.-Followed ______ 38.-Helped ______ 39.-Intended ______ 40.-Imagined ______ 41.-Introduced______ 42. Invented ______ 43.-Killed ______ 44.-Kissed ______ 45.-Learned ______ 46.-Missed ______ 47.-Mopped ______ 48.-Opened ______ 49.-Ordered ______ 50.-Pulled ______ 51.-Pushed ______
Complete the sentences. Write t, d or id according with the verb rule.
1. My sister cleaned ______ the house, mopped _______ the floor and cooked _________ 2. I asked _________ my mother about my lost money. 3. I finished _______ high school three years ago and I continued ________ studying college. 4. My brother pushed _______ the glass and spilled _______ the water. 5. My grandma watered_________ the plants in the morning. 6. I called ______ to the restaurant and I booked ________ a table. 7. My girlfriend kissed ________ me because she loves me. 8. I missed ________ the bus because I got up late. 9. A car killed _________ my dog. 10. I learned ________ English when I visited ________ U.S.A. two years ago. 11. I stayed ________ home last weekend. I watched ______ TV and I listened _______ to music. 12. I pulled ______ the door but it didn´t open so I pushed ____ it and I could came into the restaurant.
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II. Complete the following conversation using wh questions. Sally: example: And what did you do yesterday? David: I went to the movies Sally (1) : __________________________________________________? David: I went to “Las Americas” shopping mall Sally (2 ): _________________________________________________ ? David: I went at 8 O’clock Sally ( 3 ): __________________________________________________? David: I stayed there for 3 hours Sally (4 ): __________________________________________________? David: I went with my friends Sally (5 ): __________________________________________________? David: I got to “Las Americas” by bus Sally (6 ): __________________________________________________? David: I liked it a lot. III. Complete the following conversation using wh questions. Sally: example: And what did you do yesterday? David: I went to the movies Sally (1) : __________________________________________________? David: I was in “Las Americas” shopping mall Sally (2): __________________________________________________? David: I went at 8 O’clock Sally ( 3 ): __________________________________________________? David: I was there for 3 hours Sally (4 ): ___________________________________________________? David: I was with my friends Sally (5 ): ___________________________________________________? David: I got to “Las Americas” by bus Sally (6 ): ___________________________________________________? David: The movie was interesting. Sally (7) : ___________________________________________________? David: Yes, I drank a Coke and my friends drank fanta VOCABULARY: Infin. verbs Hide Lend Mean Spend Deal Feel Leave Lose Keep
Verb in past
Verbs in Past P. Infin. verbs Sleep Sweep Weep Meet Sit Bet Bid Burst Cost
Verb in past
Verbs in Past P.
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Present participle, gerund or ing verbs rules. Rule 1.- Verbs ending in e, we drop it and add ing. drive - driving change - changing make – making
ride - riding
Rule2.- Verbs ending in consonant we add ing. Wash – washing drink – drinking eat – eating
learn - learning
Rule 3.- One syllable verbs ending in C.V.C, we double the last consonant and add ing. Hit – hitting run – running cut – cutting slap – slapping Rule 4.- verbs ending in y we add ing. Stay – staying enjoy - enjoying
try – trying
study – studying
Rule 5.- Two syllable verbs ending in CVC if they end as following: a) If the stress is in the first syllable we add ing. b) If the stress is in the second syllable we add the last consonant plus ing. a) open – opening
listen – listening
happen – happening
b) Begin – beginning
omit – omitting
refer – referring.
Rule 6.- Verbs ending in “ie”, we drop them and add “ying.” Lie – lying die - dying tie – tying Rule 7.- Exceptions, verbs ending in “ x , w , ee , be “ Fix – fixing be - being follow - following STATIVE VERBS. Stative verbs are verbs which cannot be used with progressive forms: Like Know Taste Matter
dislike mean smell depend on
prefer understand sound belong to
surprise hear include seem
believe see own cost
think ( opine ) weigh need have ( possession )
Write the correct –ing form to the following words: 1. hope ___________ 2. date ___________ 3. injure ___________ 4. listen ___________ 5. offer ___________ 6. open ___________ 7. enjoy ___________ 8. pray ___________ 9. buy ___________ 10.work __________ 11. teach __________
12. talk _____________ 13. go _____________ 14. finish ___________ 15. start ____________ 16. ride ____________ 17. drink ____________ 18. carry ____________ 19. run ____________ 20. yawn ____________ 21. stop ____________ 22. rob ____________
23. beg _____________ 24. begin ___________ 25. prefer __________ 26. control _________ 27. study ___________ 28. try _____________ 29. reply ___________ 30. apply ___________ 31. live _____________ 32. do ______________ 33. stay ____________
34. take ___________ 35.help ___________ 36.wash __________ 37.agree __________ 38.fool ___________ 39.die ____________ 40.sit ____________ 41.lie ____________ 42.leave __________ 43.hug ___________ 44.write __________ Página
GRAMMAR
PAST PROGRESSIVE.
We use the past continuous to talk about...... a)
An action happening in the past when another action interrupted it. I was watching TV when it stopped working b) An action in progress at a certain time in the past. I was watching TV yesterday at 9 O´clock c) two or more actions which were happening simultaneously in the past. I was watching TV while my brother was studying. S. P. I You He She It
I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
verb to be was were was was was
ing vebs running in the park listening to music eating soup drinking a soda snowing hard
S. P. We You They
verb to be were were were
ing vebs smoking a lot singing a song driving a truck
Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the past progressive. I _____________________________ (watch) TV at 4 o´clock. My father _______________________ (work) at night. My mother _______________________ (cook) in the afternoon. My brother _______________________ (study) English at 5 o´clock Marco and Jenny ___________________________ (read) a history book in the morning. I looked out of the window, and I saw that it ___________________ (not/rain) any more. What _______________________ (you/do) at three o´clock yesterday afternoon? At the end of the first half of the game, they _________________ (win). A lot of people ______________________ (wait) for the 7:30 bus last night.
II. Two actions at the same time. 1. My brother _________________ (study) while I ________________________ (watch) TV. 2. My father ___________________ (wash) the car while my mother __________________ (cook). 3. I ______________________ (do) homework while I _____________________ (watch) TV. 4. I _______________________ (read) a book while I _______________________ (travel) by bus. 5. Susy ______________________ (listen) to music while she ____________________ (sweep) the floor. 6. Raul ______________________ (send) messages while he ___________________ (take) an English class. 7. I _________________________ (work) while I ______________________ (write) a letter. III. An action interrupted by other. 1. It __________________ (snow) when I ________________ (leave) home this morning. 2. I _____________ (try) to explain my problem but she ________________ (not/ listen). 3. He _________________ (talk) on the phone when I _______________ (arrive). 4. I __________________ (live) in London when I _______________ (meet) them. 5. I nearly had an accident this morning. A car _______________ (come) towards me, but I ______________________ (move) quickly out of the way. 6. It was a sunny afternoon and people _______________ (sit) on the grass in the park. Then it suddenly ________________ (start) to rain.
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7. Which hotel ________________ (you/stay) in when you lost your passport? 8. Fortunately, I ______________ (not/drive) too fast when the child ____________ (walk) into the road in front of me. 9. I ______________________________ (have) breakfast when you __________________ (call) 10. They _________________________ (watch) TV when I ____________________ (arrive) 11. While he __________________________ (read) the newspaper, the dog _________________ (eat) his dinner. 12. While you _______________________ (do) homework, I _____________________(make) a cake. 13. You ________________________ (not-listen) when the teacher ________________ (tell) us what to do. 14. My dad ______________________ (not-watch) when I ________________ (score) the goal. 15. They ___________________ (wait) at the airport when I ____________________ (arrive) 16. Where ______________________ (they/playing) when you __________________ (see) them? 17. ______________________ (he/wear) that suit when he _____________ (go) to the party? IV. Put the verbs in parentheses into the past simple or the past continuous. Example : What were you doing ( do) when I phoned (phone) ? 1. While she _______________ (take) a shower, she _____________ (fall over) and ____________ (hurt) her back. 2. He ___________________ (lock) the door and ___________________ (leave) the house. 3. While they ______________________ (watch) TV, it _____________________ (stop) working. 4. While I________________ (study) in my bedroom, an insect _______________ (fly) into the room. 5. When he _________________ (see) the old lady crossing the road, he ____________________ (try) to stop the car but couldn’t avoid hitting her. 6. Liz __________________ (sleep) when the phone _________________ (ring). 7. _______________ Mark _______________ (live) in Paris when he _______________ (meet) Karen? 8. I ___________________ (read) the paper and the cat ____________________ (jumped) on the page. 9. Michael ___________________ (go) home when his father __________________ (become) ill. V. Use the past simple and the past continuous to make sentences from the words in brackets. 1. The police / arrive / while / I / have breakfast _______________________________________________________________________ 2. The storm / start / while / they / drive / home / _______________________________________________________________________ 3. I / see / an accident / while / I / wait / for the bus / _______________________________________________________________________ 4.
Mary / go / to several concerts / while / she / stay / in London
___________________________________________________________________ 5. My father / cook / the dinner / when / he / burn / his fingers / _______________________________________________________________ 6. The soldiers / prepare / to leave / when / the bob / explode / _____________________________________________________________________
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AVOIDING REPETITION. I. When there are two past continuous forms in the same sentence, you can avoid repetition by just using the ing participle. E.g. He was looking around. He was crying for his mother. He was looking around while crying for his mother. 1. He was running fast. He was carrying a big box. ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. They were standing at the edge of the cliff. They were admiring the view. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Tim was watching TV. He was eating his supper. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Sonia was doing homework. She was listening to music. ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. I was doing homework while I was listening to music. ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. My mother was cooking while she was washing the clothes. ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. They were eating while they were smiling. ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. I was walking down the street while it was raining. ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. My father was washing the car while I was doing homework. ____________________________________________________________________________ II.
Complete the text with the past simple or the past progressive of the verbs in brackets.
A: I Will never forget that night for as long I live. It (1) ________ (be) dark outside and the wind (2) ________ (blow). I (3) ____________ (stand) by the window when I (4) __________ (hear) the front door open and shut. I(5) _________(think) it was my mum, but I soon (6) _______(realice) how wrong I was. The room suddenly (7) ___________(become) very cold. When I (8) ________ (turn) around, I(9) _________(see) a man sitting in the edge of the bed. He (10) _________(look) strange. His face was White and he (11)_________ (wear) funny clothes, the kind people (12) _______(wear) a hundred years ago. I(13) _________ (want) to scream but I couldn’t. Suddenly, the man (14) ________(get up)and(15) ________(disappear).
B: It ______________ (rain) heavily and the wind _________________ (blow). Sam ______________ (walk) back home. It _______________ (be) very late and the streets _________ (be) empty. Suddenly he ______________ (hear) footsteps behind him. They _______________ (get) closer and closer. Sam ____________(turn) round and _____________ (see) a slim woman in a dirty raincoat walking towards him. C: Paula _____________(look) out of the window. It ___________ (be) dark and wet outside. big raindrops ______________ (run) down the glass. Then she ____________ (see) them and ____________ (gasp) in horror. Two thin, white creatures ______________ (walk) towards the window. Her hands _____________ (begin) to shake as she ______________ (realise) that their eyes ________________ (stare) right into hers. Página
GRAMMAR
USED
TO
When we want to describe an action that was customary or that happened for some time in the past but that does not happen at the present time we use USED TO. Examples: We lived in Maryland before we moved here We used to live in Maryland.
I taught English for years, now I’m retired I used to teach English.
When I was a child, I never worked. When I was a child, I didn´t use to work.
What did you use to eat when you were a child? I used to eat chocolate and a lot of candy.
THE FOUR SEASONS. When we talk about “the four seasons” most of the people refer to spring Summer, autumn and winter but today the concept is going to be different. Did you know that there are four seasons in the human life? And they refer to the stages of our lives such as childhood, youth, adulthood and old age. Each one has special characteristics and the most strange is when a person goes to the next level hates some activities that loved in the previous one. For example: a youth when he was a child, he loved to play with toys but now he has a different routine, he does other activities according to his age and he hates playing with them or when his little brother wants to play toys with him, he doesn´t have time for that childishness. An adult hates that young people are noisy but when he was young he was noisy too, he screams all the time and always tried to attract people attention. These situations are very common in our lives because with every period of life, our routines change and our activities are completely different.
VOCABULARIO: Infin. verbs Bleed Feed Flee Hold Lead Read Say Come become
Verb in past
Verbs in Past P. Infin. verbs Have Make Pay Stand Understand Find Win Do Go
Verb in past
Verbs in Past P.
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I. Finish the sentences with USED TO. Example: My father doesn’t smoke now but he used to smoke a lot
.
1. I love eating vegetables now but I _______________________________________ (hate them). 2. My older brother is unemployed but he __________________________________ (be a miner) 3. My dad wears a suit to work now but when he was a student ____________________ (not wear one). 4. I read novels now but I _____________________________________________ (read comics) 5. I live in a big town now but I ______________________________________ (live in a village) 6. My apartment has an elevator now but it _______________________________ (not have one) 7. Everybody watches TV nowadays but in my grandfather’s day people _________________ (listen to the radio) II. Change the following sentences so that they include a form of USED TO. 1. I watched hours of cartoons on TV when I was a child. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. There was a candy store on the corner of my street. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. A few years ago I enjoyed swimming. _________________________________________________________________________ 4. We didn’t have an elevator in our apartment building. _________________________________________________________________________ 5. I started learning French but now I’m only studying English. _________________________________________________________________________ III. How have you changed in the last five years? Write answers to these questions. 1. What hobbies did you use to have five years ago? What hobbies do you have now? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What kind of music did you use to like then? What kind of music do you like now? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What kind of clothes did you use to wear? What kind of clothes do you like to wear now? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What kind of games did you use to play? What kind of games do you play now? ___________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. We use USED TO to talk about a past situation or habit that continued for months or years, and the situation today is different. 1. Ann ________________________ (eat) meat but now she ___________________ (eat) fish. 2. Tom ____________________ (drink ) now but he ________________________ (drink) tea. 3. Robert _________________ (eat) white bread but now he _______________ (eat) brown bread 4. Pam _________________ (drink) tap water, but now she _______________ (drink) bottled water. 5. Mary _________________ (eat) fresh fruit now, but she _________________ (eat) tinned fruit.
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GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT
We use present perfect to talk about an action that began in the past, continue to the present and probable to the future. PRESENT
Example:
I Subject Pronoun
Subject Pronoun I You He She It We You They
PAST
have Auxiliary verb have
played Verb in Past participle
Aux. Verb have have have has has has have have have
FUTURE
soccer complement
Verb in Past P. worked eaten bought drunk eaten seen written played
since 1977 Time expression
Complement in a factory seafood shoes milk cookies a ghost a letter basketball
Time Expression recently several times once twice for 3 years since April three times for 6 months
1. Duration ( Since / for ) 2003
2017
I have studied English since 2003 _______
( I / study / English ) I have studied English for 14 years ________ How long ________ you ____________ (study ) math?
_________________________________ I was in primary school
How long ________ you _____________ (eat ) soup?
_____________________________________________ 14 years
How long ________ George ____________ (drink) wine?
__________________________________________ a long time
How long ________ they _____________ (work) here?
_________________________________________ several months
How long ________ you _____________ (ride) a bicycle?
__________________________________________ 2005
How long ________ Sonia _____________ (be) married?
_________________________________________ for 10 years.
How long ________Ivan _____________ (be) to Canada?
__________________________________ since his last birthday
How long ________Peter _____________ (play) videogames? ____________________________________ he was 6 years old. 2. Repetitive Actions ( once, twice, three times, many times, several times, (-) never ) How many times have you been to Six flags? I have been there twice
/ I have never been there
How many times have you been in Acapulco? _______________________________/_______________________________________ How many times has Silvia drunk wine?
_______________________________/_______________________________________
How many times have you read that book?
_______________________________/ ______________________________________
How many times has Oscar traveled to Canada? _____________________________/_______________________________________ How many times have you run in a marathon? _______________________________/______________________________________ 3. Pending ( already / yet ) Have you studied French yet? Yes, I have already studied French
/
No, I haven´t studied French yet
Has Sonia taught math yet?
Yes,_______________________________ /No, ____________________________________
Have they read Harry Potter yet
Yes, _______________________________/ No, ___________________________________
Has Omar spoken English yet?
Yes, _______________________________/ No, ____________________________________
Have you eaten exotic food yet?
Yes, _______________________________/No, ____________________________________
Have you sung karaoke yet?
Yes, _______________________________/No, ____________________________________
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4. Recent Past ( recently / lately ) Have you written a letter recently?
Yes, I have written a letter recently / No, I haven´t written a letter lately
Has Carl visited his grandma recently?
Yes,____________________________ /No, __________________________________
Have you seen Harry Potter lately?
Yes, ____________________________/ No, __________________________________
Has Peter fixed the car recently?
Yes, ____________________________/ No, __________________________________
Have you run in the marathon lately?
Yes, ____________________________/ No, __________________________________
5. Life Experience ( ever ) Have you ever build a sand castle? Yes, I have. I build a sand castle once a year
( Present )
Yes, I have. I built a sand castle last year
( Past )
Yes, I have. I am building a sand castle this year
( Present progressive )
Yes, I have. I have already built a sand castle once
( Present perfect)
No, I haven’t, but I would love to
( would / yet / lately/ never )
Have you ever done your homework? Yes, I have. _______________________________________________________________________ ( Present ) Yes, I have. _______________________________________________________________________ ( Past ) Yes, I have. _______________________________________________________________________ ( Present progressive ) Yes, I have. _______________________________________________________________________ ( Present perfect ) No, I haven’t ______________________________________________________________________ ( would / yet / lately / never )
I. Complete these conversations. Then practice with a partner. 1.
A: Have you ever ______________________ (be) to a picnic at the beach? B: Yes, I ____________. We _______________ (cook) hamburgers.
2.
A: Have you _____________ (try) sushi? B: No, I ________________ but I’d like to.
3.
A: Did you ________________ (have) breakfast today? B: Yes, I ____________. I _______________ (eat) a huge breakfast.
4.
A: Have you ever _________________ (eat) Mexican food? B: Yes, I ___________. In fact, I ___________ (eat) some just last week.
5.
A: Did you _____________ (drink) coffee this morning? B: Yes, I ___________. I _____________ (have) some on my way to work.
II. Complete the conversation. Use the past tense or the present perfect of the verbs given. Sylvia: Jason: Sylvia: Jason: Sylvia:
I went ( go ) to a Thai restaurant last night. Really? I ___________________ (not- eat) Thai food. Oh, you should try it. It’s delicious! What _____________ you __________________ (order)? First, I ____________ (have) soup with green curry and rice. Then I ___________ (try) Pad Thai. It’s noodles, shrimp and vegetables in a spicy sauce.
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Jason: Sylvia: Jason: Sylvia:
I ________________ (not-taste) Pad Thai. _______________(be) it very hot? No, It ____________ (be) just spicy enough. And after that, I ___________ (eat) bananas in coconut milk for dessert. Mmm! That sounds good. It was.
III. Complete the dialogues using the Present Perfect or Past Simple A:I saw (see) Jack last night. B: Oh really. I (1)………………….(not/see)him for months. How is he? A: We (2)…………………….. (go) to the theater last Saturday. B: (3)…………………..………… ( you/enjoy) the play? A: Yes, it(4)…………………… (be) very good. A:I (5)………………….( never/hear) of this group before. Are they famous in your country? B: Yes, they are very popular. They (6) ………….…………. (be) famous in my country for years. A: What (7)……….………………….(you/do) last weekend? B: I (8)……………….……………(stay) at home. I (9)………………………….(need) a rest. A: (10)………………………….. (you/ever/win) a competition? B: Yes, I (11)……………….…. (win) a photographic competition in 2001. A: So, John is your best friend. (12) …………………….. (you/meet) him when you were at university? B: Yes. We (13)………………….………. (be) friends for more than ten years. V. Complete this paragraph about the London Underground by putting in the Present Perfect or Past Simple forms of the verbs in brackets ( ). London has had (have) an underground train system since the nineteenth century. The London Underground (1)__________________(start) in 1863, when Victorian engineers and workers (2)________________(build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line(3)______________(go) from(4)_______________(pull) the coaches. Eleven more lines(5)______________(open) since then. The world’s first underground electric railway(6)________________(open) in 1890. This line (7)______________(go) from the City of London to Stockwell in South London. The most Modern line is the Jubilee line, which (8)_______________(open) in 1979. Since the London Underground (9)__________________(begin), many other cities, such as New York and Moscow,(10)________________(build)their own systems. VI. James is talking about his life. Put the correct past participles in the gaps. I `ve seen (see) a lot of beautiful places in my life, and I ___________ (do) a lot of interesting things. I ____________ (travel) in North and South America, for example. I ___________ (visit) all the big American cities. I _______________ (drive) across Mexico. I _____________ (not-be) to Argentina, but I _______________ (work) in Peru and Bolivia. I ________________ (swim) in the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. I ________________ (eat) in the best restaurants in Paris and I _____________ (sing) Italian songs in Rome. I _____________ (not-make) much money in my life, but I __________________ (meet) a lot of interesting people and I _____________ (take) a lot of wonderful photographs!
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Future Will
I.
We use will to talk about: a) decisions taken at the moment of the speaking c) events and actions that we don´t have control
b) predictions d) to express opinions about the future
Affirmative I will play You will study He will drink She will travel It will be ok You will he happy We will eat They will run
Example:
Negative I won´t work You won´t study He won´t write She won´t run It won´t be easy You won´t read We won´t travel They won´t drink
Interrogative will I work……? will you travel..? will he write….? will she speak...? will it rain…….? will you study…? will we buy……? will they clean..?
Probably I will go to the park. I think, I will drive Perhaps, She will drink wine Maybe They won´t pass the exam I guess, it will rain I´ll call you as soon as I arrive home
Put the best phrase from the box in each gap. Start your sentence with I´ll.
Phone for a taxi help you to look for it Give you some money make you a sandwich Give you the name of a language school
carry some of them go with you open a window ask her to phone you tonight
1. A: B:
I want to take these books home, but they´re very heavy. _______________________________________________________________________
2. A: B:
I feel sick. It´s so hot in this room. _______________________________________________________________________
3. A: B:
I want a cup of coffee, but I don´t have any money. _______________________________________________________________________
4. A: B:
I´m hungry. I didn´t have any lunch. _______________________________________________________________________
5. A: B:
I want to learn Japanese. _______________________________________________________________________
6. A: B:
I have lost my passport. _______________________________________________________________________
7. A: B:
It´s ten o´clock. I´ll be late if I walk. _______________________________________________________________________
8. A: B:
I want to speak to Jane. It´s very important. _______________________________________________________________________
9. A: B:
I want to go to the museum, but I don´t know the way. _______________________________________________________________________
I . Complete the dialogues using the present simple or the Future Will. Kathy:
Anna, ______________________________ (1.you / lend) me 20 dollars?
Anne:
Sure.
Kathy: Thanks. I _______________ (2.pay) you back as soon as we ______________ (3.arrive) home. Anna:
Ok. What ___________________ (4.you/ want ) to get?
Kathy:
It´s a surprise. I ____________________ (5.tell) you after I ___________________ (6.buy) it.
Anne:
Fine. Página
II. Complete the dialogues using the present simple or the Future Will. Tanya: Are you going out? James: Yes in a bit. I´m going to the shop to buy some milk. I _____________________ (1.not – be) long. Tanya: _________________ (2.you / take) out the rubbish on your way out? James: Sure. Leave it by the door. I ___________________ (3.take) it when I _______________ (4.leave). Tanya: OK, thanks. III.
Use the verbs in the box with will or won´t to complete these dialogues.
1. A: B:
Are you coming to the cinema on Sunday? I´m not sure. I __________________ (phone) you on Sunday.
2. A: B:
Don´t change your clothes now. We _____________________ (be) late. No, we ___________. We _________________ (take) a taxi.
3. A: B: A:
George is going to have a party at the weekend. why? it´s his birthday. He ________________________ (be) thirty onSaturday.
4. A: B: A:
She _____________________ (not-win) the tennis match tomorrow. why not? She ___________________ (make) mistakes. She always makes mistakes in important matches.
5. A: B:
_____________ Steve ______________ (finish) the work tonight? No, He ___________ finish. He ________________ (not-have) time
IV.
Write a short paragraph about your next vacation using will. At least 100 words. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
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Be + going to -
We use be going to talk about… Affirmative I am going to study tomorrow? You are going to run He is going to eat She is going to study It is going to jump We are going to travel They are going to swim
A) to talk about things we have decided to do in the future. B) To predict the future, using information we know now.
Negative I´m not going to
Interrogative Am I going to……?
You aren´t going to He isn´t going to She isn´t going to it isn´t going to We aren´t going to They aren´t going to
Are you going to…? Is he going to……..? Is she going to …...? Is it going to ……..? Are we going to….? Are they going to…?
Example: Are you going to see your boss
I am sure I am going to win the game. She is going to study for her exam.
1. Paul has decided what he´s going to do in his life. Complete the sentences using short form of be going to and the verbs in brackets. 1. I _______________________ (study) music at university. 2. I _______________________ ( travel) around the world. 3. I _______________________ (not/ work) in an office. 4. I _______________________ ( marry) a very rich woman. 5. We _____________________ ( have) five children. I.
Write sentences with be going to.
1. They / not / catch / that train
________________________________________________
2. Paul / not / drive / to Scotland
________________________________________________
3. We / not / finish / it today
________________________________________________
4. She / not / buy / a new house
________________________________________________
5. I / see / a film tonight.
________________________________________________
6. She / buy /a new car tomorrow
________________________________________________
7. They/work/hard this year
________________________________________________
8. It/ rain/ this afternoon
________________________________________________
I.Oyuky is Japanese. She is going to spend a week by the sea in England. Ask her some questions. Use be going to. 1. _______________________________________ (you/ speak) a lot of English? 2. _______________________________________ (you/ play) basketball? 3. _______________________________________ (you/ take) an umbrella?
4. _________________________________ (you/ swim) in the sea? 5. _________________________________ (you/ eat) fish and chips? 6. _________________________________ (you/stay) in a luxury hotel? 7. _________________________________ (you/ come back) soon?
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I. Complete the conversation. Use be going to or Will and the information on the notepads. Dave: So, Stella, do you have any vacation plans? Stella: Well, I´m going to paint my apartment because the walls are a really ugly color. What about you? ____________________________ ( do ) anything special? Dave: _________________________________ and take a long drive. Stella: Where ________________________________ (go)? Dave: I´m not sure. ____________________________ (visit) my sister Joanne. Stella: That sounds nice. I like to visit my family, too. Dave: Yes, and maybe _______________________________ (go ) to the mountains for a few days II. Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets and will or be + going to. 1. A: __________ you ____________________ (watch) TV tonight? B: Yes, I _______________________ (watch) my favorite TV programme at nine o´clock. 2. A: What _________________________ (eat) tonight? What food have you bought? B: I haven´t bought any food. A: Well, why don´t you come to my house? I _________________________ (cook) us something nice to eat. 3. A: B: A: B:
I´m going into the centre of town tomorrow. I ____________________ (buy) some new clothes. Oh, what __________________________ (you/get)? I ___________________ (look) for a T-shirt and some jeans. I´d like to go into the centre too.
4. A: I __________________ (leave) work late tomorrow. There is a meeting at six p.m. B: Oh, I didn´t know that. Well, I ____________________ (see) you after the meeting. 5. A: I _________________ (phone) Tom at six o´clock. I promised to phone him this evening. 6. A: ___________ you __________________ (have) a holiday in the summer? B: Yes, I __________________________ (travel) around Europe with a friend. III. You are at a party. Here are some of the questions you are asked. Reply using will or be going to 1. A: Hi, nice to see you. Would you like a drink? B: I / have/ a coke, please ________________________________________________ 2. A: What are you doing these days? B: Nothing much, but I / start / a new job soon 3. A: Would you like something to eat? B: Thanks, I / have / a sandwich
_________________________________________
_______________________________________________
4. A: What are your plans for the weekend? B: I / do / some shopping tomorrow and I / go / for a swim on Sunday ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. A: Why is Mary standing by the piano? B: She / sing /, I am afraid
_______________________________________________
6. A: This cake looks delicious. Are you going to have some? B: No, but I´m sure you / enjoy/ it _______________________________________________ 7. A: How are you getting home? B: David / give/ me a lift.
_______________________________________________
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Present Progressive as Future We use will to talk about: a) arrangements.
b) Events in the future which are “timetabled”
Affirmative I am studying You are running He is eating She is playing It is jumping We are traveling They are swimming
Interrogative Am I drinking……? Are you running….? Is he eating………..? Is she playing …....? Is it flying ………..? Are we singing……? Are they buying..…?
Negative I´m not studying You aren´t running He isn´t eating She isn´t playing it isn´t flying We aren´t singing They aren´t buying
Example: Are you meeting your friends tomorrow? I am playing soccer next Saturday We are having lunch together today. Are you coming to the party tonight?
I. Look at the past events in brackets ( ), and then write sentences using the words in the box. Use short forms of the present continuous for the future. I/eat/in a new restaurant tonight I/fly/to Florida in August I/go/to a concert next Tuesday
I/go/to the doctor tomorrow I/study/English in London in May I/see/Mary this weekend
(You paid for an English course in London yesterday.) I’m studying for an English course in London. 1 (You booked a table at a new restaurant last week)
……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 (You bought a ticket for a concert last month)
……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 (You telephoned you doctor this morning.)
……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. ( You paid for a holiday at a travel agent’s last week ).
_______________________________________________________________________ 5. ( You talked to Mary on the phone this morning ).
_______________________________________________________________________ I. Finish the dialogues using the Present Continuous for the future, and the words in brackets ( ). Use short forms where possible.
Example: Steve: Are you doing Lynn: I’m seeing 1. Pete: Mark: Pete:
(you/ do) anything this weekend? ( I / see ) a film on Sunday. Do you want to come?
Jane, Joe and Sally __________________________ (come) to my house on Friday night. _____________________________ (you / have ) party? No, we aren’t. ______________________ ( we / play ) cards. Would you like to come?
2. David: _______________________ ( I / fly ) to New York on Sunday Chris: _______________________ ( you / see ) John there? David: Yes, _______________________ (we / meet) at the airport. 3. Philip: Mike: Philip:
Mary and I __________________________ (drive) to Scotland next Wednesday ___________________________________ (you / stay ) in Edinburgh? No ________________________________ ( we / visit ) my mother in Aberdeen.
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SIMPLE PRESENT AS FUTURE We use will to talk about: a) Events in the future which are “timetabled” b) with Time clauses Affirmative My train leaves at 6 O´clock She has a yoga class at 7 O´clock There is an English exam next Thursday The restaurant opens at 3 O´clock
Interrogative What time does the plane leave? what time does the concert start?
We also use simple present as future with Time Clauses ( after, as soon as, before, till, until, when, whenever, while, once, by the time, now that). I´ll come back home and I´ll do it You will push this button and the door will open Don´t stand up. First I´ll tell you You´ll need my car. Take it You´ll tidy up the house and I´ll do the shopping
I.
II.
When I come back home, I´ll do it. As soon as you push this button, the door will open Don´t stand up until I´ll tell you whenever you need my car, you can take it While I do the shopping, you´ll tidy up the house
Complete the questions and answers using the information in the time table.
Train London Reading Bristol Taunton Exeter Plymouth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
= = = = =
Time 8:40 9:15 ---11:01 11:27 12:40
9:15 9:49 10:06 ----12:08 13:15
10:15 10:51 12:02 ---13:05 14:08
10:30 11:05 ------13:20 14:23
14:15 14:50 15:45 -----17:01 18:06
18:35 19:10 ----20:38 21:08 22:18
20:15 20:45 21:50 -----23:15 00:22
What time ___________ the first train leave London? It ____________ London at _____________ ____________ it stop in Bristol? No, it ___________________ What time ____________ it reach Exeter? It ______________________ ___________ the 9:15 and 10:15 trains both stop at Bristol? Yes, they _____________ ____________ they stop at Taunton? No, they ______________ ____________ the 10:30 train stop at Taunton? No, it _______________ ____________ the 14:15 train from London stop at Exeter? Yes, _________________ What time _________ the last train ____________London? It _____________ at _______________ What time _________ Plymouth ? it __________________ Simple Present as future with time clauses. (as soon as, as long as, before, after, until, till, once, now that, when, whenever, by the time)
1. My class will finish, I will go home. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.
I will finish high school, I will study college. _______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Doris will go to the gym. Then she will meet Angela for lunch. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. I will get paid. Then I will lend you some money. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Cristina will send some e-mails. Then she will leave the office. _______________________________________________________________________________________
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6. My mother will get home. Then I will go to bed. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Pete will call us. Then we will go to the city Centre. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. It will stop raining. Then I will go home. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. I will finish the exam. After that I will go to the cafeteria. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Sam will go to Tom´s house. Then he will give him his presents. _______________________________________________________________________________________ III. Complete the sentences using a time clause and a suitable verb. 1. A: If Jeff calls before/while I _________________ (leave), let me know. B: Alright. 2. A. We ________________ (have) a big party after/while he _________________ (graduate). B: That's a great idea! 3. A: You forgot to put petrol in the car again. B: Oh, dear! I promise I ____________ (do) it before/until I _____________ (go) to work tomorrow morning. 4. A . __________________(you/visit) us while/when you _______________ (be) in town? B: Of course I will. 5. A . I _____________ (water) the plants when/while I _________________ (finish) cooking. B: OK. 6. A: Is your dog dangerous? B: No, it isn't. It only ________________ (bark) when/before it ________________ (see)a stranger. IV. Look at Ann’s diary for next week. If Ann has an arrangement with someone else, use the Present Continuous, but if she does not, use be going to. MORNING AFTERNOON / EVENING Monday 10.00 take Tim to the airport wash the car Tuesday buy some stamps write some letters Wednesday 11.00 take the dog to the vet tidy my flat Thursday 12.30 cook lunch for mother buy a new squash racket Friday 9.00 play squash with Mary do the shopping Saturday wash my hair 6.00 meet Tim at the airport 1. 2. 3. 4.
Ann __is taking__ Tim to the airport on Monday morning. On Monday evening Ann _______________________ the car. On Tuesday she _________________ some stamps because in the evening she ________________ some letters. She can’t see anyone Wednesday morning because she ______________________ the dog to the vet. On Wednesday evening she _____________________ her flat.
5. On Thursday afternoon she _____________________ a new squash racket because ___________ squash with Mary on Friday morning. 6. On Friday afternoon she _________________ the shopping
7. She _______________ her hair on Saturday morning because she ________________ Tim at the airport at six o’clock. Página
GRAMMAR
CONDITIONAL ZERO We use first conditional to talk about real situations.
We can use the construction If + present simple, present simple when we´re talking about something that is always true. Example: They don’t let people in, if they don’t have a ticket. If you want to pass, you have to deliver your homework.
We can use an imperative ( a command ) in the main clause. If you want to go to the party, clean your room. If you have the answer, raise your hand.
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs. 1. I f you _______________ ( want) healthy ears, you ______________ (need) earwax. 2. A young baby ____________ (recognize) if a woman ________ (be) her or his mother by smell. 3. If it ___________ spring, flowers _______________ (grow) 4.If the day _________ (be) cold, people __________ (wear) coats 5.I _____________ (not-eat) if I _____________ (not-be) hungry 6.If the class ________ (be) boring, I ___________ (fall) asleep. 7.If water ____________(boil), it _____________ (produce) steam. 8.If you want to learn, ________________________ 9.If you need money, _________________________ 10.Don´t smoke if you __________________________________ 11.If you want to speak in English, ________________________ 12 .if I ________ (go) to a birthday party, I ___________ (eat) cake. 13 Take an aspirin if ___________________________________________ 14 If you ___________________ (not-do) your chores, your mother __________________ (get) mad. 15 If we ________________ (get) late for school, we _______________ (get) into trouble. 16. If you ________________ (freeze ) water, it _________________ (turn) into ice 17. If I __________________ (work) too much, I ________________ (get) tired. 18. If I __________________ (have) time, I usually ______________ (go) to the movies. 19. If she _________________ (eat) seafood, she ____________________(get) an allergy. 20. If she _________________(not-know) the answer, she _______________ (keep) silent. 21. I always wear a jacket, when it ___________ (be) cold. 22. When you ______________ boil water, it ________________ (produce) steam. 23. When a baby ___________(be) hungry, he ______________ (cry).
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GRAMMAR
FIRST CONDITIONAL We use first conditional to talk about real situations.
We can use the construction if + present simple, future (will ) when we talk about an action in the present and a consequence in the future. We can use either If or Whether If you work hard, you will have money. If Ricardo does exercise, he will be healthy.
We use unless when an action or situation will happen if the other one does not happen first. The action in the clause that follows unless is the action that cannot occur for the desired outcome in the main clause. If I study, I will pass
I won´t pass unless I study
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs. a) If you ________________ (get up) early, you ________________ ( improve ) the day. b) If we ____________ ( buy ) fruits, we ________________ (be) healthy. c) If Laura _______________ (drink) milk, she ____________________ ( get ) calcium. d) Marco ________________ ( earn ) a lot of money, if he ______________ ( work ) here. e) If you ___________________ (want) to pass, you _____________ ( have) to study. f) Raul __________________ ( learn ), if he ___________________ ( not- study) g) If I _________________ (win) the lottery next Christmas, I ________________(buy) a new car. h) you ___________________ (be) hungry if you ______________________________ (not-have) breakfast. i) If he _____________________ (not leave) now, he _____________________ (not catch) the bus. j) if you __________________ (come) to our house on Saturday, we __________________ (have) a barbecue. k) if I ________________ (see) Mary, I _________________ (tell) her you called. l) if the rabbit _______________ (see) us, it ______________________ (run) away. ll) you ____________________________ (not learn) anything if you _______________________ (not listen) m) I ____________________ (take) the dog for a walk if I ______________________ (have) time. n) you _______________________ (be) tired tomorrow if you ______________________ (not go) to bed early. II. Write a chain of actions according with the example, using first conditional. If Ricardo has money, He will buy a car. If ______________________________________, ______________________________________ If ______________________________________, ______________________________________ If ______________________________________, ______________________________________ If ______________________________________, ______________________________________ III. Change the following sentences using If or Unless. 1. If It rains, I won´t go to the park 2. If you don´t work, You won´t have money 3. If you don´t water this plant, It will die
I will go to the park unless it doesn´t rain . _______________________________________ _______________________________________
IV. Choose IF or UNLESS according with the sentences. 1. Betty won´t pass the exam __________ she studies harder. 2. _________ you practice more, you will speak better. 3. _________ you work, you won´t have money. 4. _________ we don´t protect the tiger, it will become extinct.
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GRAMMAR
SECOND CONDITIONAL We use second conditional to talk about unreal situations.
Conditionals Type 2 express an imaginary or improbable situation which is unlikely to happen in the present or future. They are formed as follows:
If + past simple
would/could/might + bare infinitive
We can use were for all forms of be in the if clause. So both If I were … and If I was…. are possible, although if I were…… is considered to be the “ correct “ version. If I were rich, I would buy a car
=
If I was rich, I would buy a car
If I had a car, I would travel to Acapulco.
I. Fill in the blanks using Second conditional with the words given: 1) If Carlos ________________ (be) rich, he _________________ ( buy ) a castle. 2) If you __________________ (have) an airplane, you _____________ ( travel ) around the world. 3) Marco _________________ (scream) if he __________________ ( see ) a ghost. 4) If I _________________ (win) the lottery, I __________________ ( buy ) a Ferrari. 5) If I _________________ (know) her telephone number, I ____________________( give ) her a call. 6) If I _________________ (know) her, I ________________________ ( introduce) you. 7) If you ________________ (understand) opera, you ___________________ (enjoy) it. 8) If I ___________________ ( not/ have to work), I ___________________ ( go) out with you tonight. II. Answer the questions by using second conditional. 1. What would you do if you were a millionaire? If I were a millionaire, I would buy a penthouse, a race car and a boat.
2. What would you do if you had $1,000? If I had $1,000, ______________________________________________________________ 3. What would you do if you lost your math notebook? _______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What would you do if you saw somebody being robbed? _______________________________________________________________________________________
5. What would you do if your boyfriend/girlfriend betrayed you with your best friend? _______________________________________________________________________________________
III. Complete the sentences below by writing a suitable ending. See the example. Ex. If I didn´t have the money, I wouldn´t buy you a present. a) If the weather wasn´t so awful, _____________________________________________________________ b) If you didn´t spend so much time on the phone, ________________________________________________ c) If I did homework, ______________________________________________________________________ d) If English were easier, ____________________________________________________________________ e) If my parents bought me a car, _____________________________________________________________ f) If I were a poet, _________________________________________________________________________ g) She would speak French _________________________________________________________________ h) My parents would be very angry If __________________________________________________________ i) Our English teacher would really improve if ___________________________________________________ j) If I were a teacher, ______________________________________________________________________ k) If Messi were Mexican, __________________________________________________________________
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WISH We use wish + past tense to refer to present wishes I live with my parents I wish I didn’t live with my parents. I wish I had my own apartment I can’t move out I wish I could move out
Life is difficult I wish it were easier. I wish it weren’t so difficult My parents won’t stop worrying about me. I wish they would stop worrying about me.
I.- Read these facts. Then rewrite the sentences using wish. Ex. I’m not in very good shape.
I wish I were more fit
1. I am old
__________________________________________
2. I live far away
__________________________________________
3. I live next to a PEMEX station
__________________________________________
4. Pets are not allowed in my building
__________________________________________
5. I don’t have a car
__________________________________________
6. I’m overweight
__________________________________________
7. I can’t use a computer
__________________________________________
8. I don’t have a cell phone.
__________________________________________
9. My grandparents are all dead
__________________________________________
10. My sister is unhappy.
__________________________________________
11. Books are expensive
__________________________________________
12. I can’t speak English very well yet.
__________________________________________
13. I have to wash my own clothes
__________________________________________
14. I can’t afford a vacation this year
__________________________________________
15. Sometimes I feel alone.
__________________________________________
16. My friend has a drinking problem.
__________________________________________
17. My car uses a lot of gasoline.
__________________________________________
18. My job doesn’t pay very much.
__________________________________________
19. I have to get up at 5:00 every day
__________________________________________
20. I’m unemployed
__________________________________________
21. I’m not married
__________________________________________
22. I can’t go to the movies tonight
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PAST PERFECT I.
The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past
1.
I did my homework and then I watched TV.
___________________________________________________________
2.
I washed the dishes and then I went to the park
___________________________________________________________
3.
My brother studied for exam then he took a nap ____________________________________________________________
4.
Laura read a book next she wrote a letter
___________________________________________________________
5.
Rocio drank milk then she went to bed
___________________________________________________________
6.
My father fixed the car after that he travelled to Mazatlán ____________________________________________________
7.
Albert finished his report then he left his job
___________________________________________________________
8.
My sister got a job then she bought a car
___________________________________________________________
9.
My class finished and then I went to the party
___________________________________________________________
10. Mark went to bed and then his mother arrived
__________________________________________________________
* If either before or after is used in the sentence, the past perfect is often not necessary because the time relationship is already clear. 1.
I did my homework and then I watched TV.
___________________________________________________________
2.
I washed the dishes and then I went to the park
___________________________________________________________
3.
My brother studied for exam then he took a nap ____________________________________________________________
4.
Laura read a book next she wrote a letter
___________________________________________________________
5.
Rocio drank milk then she went to bed
___________________________________________________________
6.
My father fixed the car after that he travelled to Mazatlán ____________________________________________________
7.
Albert finished his report then he left his job
___________________________________________________________
8.
My sister got a job then she bought a car
___________________________________________________________
9.
My class finished and then I went to the party
___________________________________________________________
10. Mark went to bed and then his mother arrived
__________________________________________________________
Avoiding Repetition. We can omit the subject when the person who did the first action is the same in the second one. 11. I did my homework and then I watched TV.
___________________________________________________________
12. I washed the dishes and then I went to the park
___________________________________________________________
13. My brother studied for exam then he took a nap ____________________________________________________________ 14. Laura read a book next she wrote a letter
___________________________________________________________
15. Rocio drank milk then she went to bed
___________________________________________________________
16. My father fixed the car after that he travelled to Mazatlán ____________________________________________________ 17. Albert finished his report then he left his job
___________________________________________________________
18. My sister got a job then she bought a car
___________________________________________________________
19. My class finished and then I went to the party
___________________________________________________________
20. Mark went to bed and then his mother arrived
__________________________________________________________
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REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS. We use reflexive pronouns ( myself, yourself, etc. ) when the subject and the object of the verb are the same person. The action is directed back to the person who does it. Subject I You He She It
-
Reflexive Pronoun myself yourself himself herself itself
Subject We You
Reflexive Pronoun ourselves yourselves
They
themselves
A few verbs in English are often used with reflexive pronoun. The most common are:
To amuse To control
to behave to cut
to dry to kill
to enjoy to look after
to help to make
to hurt to keep
to burn to blame
I make myself a good breakfast I keep myself busy by doing the housework I don’t enjoy myself very often -
Many verbs are reflexive in other languages, but not normally in English:
To change To wake up To shave -
to dress to get up to go to bed
to rest to lie down to relax
to complain to sit down to worry
to feel to wash to remember
We sometimes use a reflexive pronoun after an adjective + preposition.
To be angry with yourself To be proud of yourself
to be responsible for yourself to be pleased with yourself
to be ashamed of yourself to be sorry for yourself
I. Complete the dialogue, using myself, yourself, himself………, etc. A: Hi! How was your weekend? Did you enjoy 1) _____________________? B: No we didn’t enjoy _________________ why? What happened? A: well, I told the children to look after 3)________________ while I went to buy 4) _______________ Some cigarettes. When I came back I found that Tim had fallen and hurt 5) ______________ quite badly. I blame 6) ______________ for living them by 7) __________________ but it was only for ten minutes. B: Is that all? A; No, it isn’t then Sarah tried to make 8) _________________ something to eat and burnt 9)____________ On the cooker. And the dog cut 10)_______________ on a piece of glass. But how about you? Did you Enjoy 11)_________________? B: Yes, thanks. I bought 12) __________________ a new computer and I played with that for most of the weekend. Greg looked after the children, they really enjoyed 13) ____________________
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GRAMMAR
PHRASAL VERBS
We can use many verbs together with another word to form “phrasal verbs”. The same verb can go with several different words to form phrasal verbs with different meanings. Grammatically, there are three types of phrasal verbs.
One type consists of verb + adverb and they have an object. When the object is a noun, there are two possible positions. Sue put on the hat She put the hat on However, when the object is a pronoun, it goes between the two parts of the verb. She put it on The second type consists of verb + adverb but there is no object I usually get up at seven O´clock The third type consists of verb + adverb + preposition and they have an object. We are looking forward to your news
I. Read the following phrasal verbs and their meanings, then read the example. Break down Break in / into Break out Break up Bring back Bring out Bring up Call off Carry on Come across Come round/ around Come up with Do without Drop out Fall out Fill in Get off Get on / along with Get over Keep off Put on Turn off Take off Turn on Keep on Go on Put off Take on Look for Look after Work out Work out Run over Come across Pass away Come round Pass on
Stop working or functioning Enter a building by force a) Start suddenly b) escape Bring a relationship to an end Make somebody remember something Produce or publish something Care for and educate a child Cancel Continue Meet somebody by chance Visit somebody for a short time Find a solution or have a brilliant idea Succeed in living without something Quit school or a course Quarrel with somebody Complete a form by writing information a) leave a train, bus, plane b) start a journey Like each other and have a good relation Overcome a problem and start feeling well Don´t walk on Wear clothing Switch off, extinguish Remove clothing Start a machine, switch on continue happen postpone assume Search for, seek Take care exercise solve Vehicle: knock down encounter Die Change your opinion Give to next person
My uncle´s car broke down The thieves broke into the house yesterday A fire broke out while we were having lunch The prisoner broke out of prison last week I broke up with my girlfriend two days ago. That song brought back a very painful day The writer brought out his first novel. My mother brought up my brothers The match was called off because the storm My brother carried on studying I came across him while I was in Pachuca You really must come round and see us next year She came up with a great idea. I can’t understand how they can do without TV She dropped out of university after only a year. Lisa and Dave have fallen out again To make an order fill in this form Can you tell me where I have to get off? I think it´s better to get off early in the morning She gets on very well with her sister. I´m sure she will get over the shock she had. Please keep off the grass She put on a pretty dress Before going to bed, turn off the TV If you are hot, why not take off that jumper? Could you turn on the TV, please? Why do you keep on talking if we are in class? What´s going on here? I don’t have time now. Could you put off the meeting? I can take on more responsibilities in my job. Some people look for love on internet Mary looks after his brothers when his parents are out When I go to the gym, I work out for two hours We can work it out! I´m sorry; I accidentally ran over your cat! I came across my old school reports. Her husband passed on last year She didn´t want but she came round after talking to me. Take a cookie and pass them on
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PHRASAL VERBS I. Fill in the correct particle(s) from the list. take off
keep off
turn on
put on
put off
take on
turn off
keep on
1. Don´t walk on the grass! Can´t you see the “_______________ the grass” signs around? 2. I can´t ____________________ any more responsibilities at work. I am too stressed as it is. 3. Turn left and ______________________ walking until you come to a crossroads. 4. Make sure you have _____________________ all the lights before leaving house. 5. As a child I liked going to the airport to watch planes ____________________________. 6. _________________ the TV! My favorite cartoon is on! 7. The tennis match was ________________________ due to the pouring rain. 8. ____________________ your swimsuit! We are going to the beach! II. Fill in the correct particle(s) from the list. for
up
after
forward to
out of
into
after
over
1. I looked __________ his number in the telephone directory. 2. We´ve run _______________ eggs. We need to buy some. 3. I am looking __________________ a new flat. 4. The motorcycle almost ran ______________ the cat. 5. She looks ___________ her younger sister when mum is at work. 6. Tom is looking __________ _________ his first day at college. 7. On my way home from work, I ran __________ my friend Susan. 8. The policeman was running _________________ the thief. III. Fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verb. Work out come around make up turn out
pass on
take off
run over
knock out
run away
go off
1. Do you always remember to ___________________ messages to other people? 2. Do you ever __________________ excuses to avoid doing things you don´t want to do? 3. Have you ever been to a party that ___________________ to be really boring? 4. What would you do if you _____________________ a cat in your street? 5. Has a bomb ever _____________________ in the capital city of your country? 6. If you saw a man ______________________ from the police, would you try to stop him?
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7. Do you find it easy to ___________________ what´s happening when you watch a film in English? 8. Do you get nervous just before a plane ________________________? 9. Do you know anyone who´s been ____________________? How long did it take this person to _____________________? IV.
Fill in the gaps with the correct form of these phrasal verbs.
Run away run over come round Pass on turn out
knock out
take off
work out
go off
make up
1. I nearly _____________________ a dog today. 2. Please ______________________ this message to her. 3. He used to _________________________ lots of excuses for being late.
4. He was _________________________ in a fight. It was five minutes before he _______________ 5. What time does your plane ______________________________? 6. The bomb ________________________ at 9 a.m. 7. Stop that man. He´s ____________________________________! 8. I can´t ___________________________ how to turn it on. 9. The party __________________________ well in the end. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. Away / down / off / off / in 1. A lot of cars had broken _______ on the motorway in the snow yesterday. 2. We set _______ really early, but we still nearly missed the train. 3. These days, it’s easier to check _______ online to avoid the queues. 4. My sister was a bit scared when the plane took _______, but she soon calmed down. 5. It’s important to get _______ on holiday at least once a year.
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GRAMMAR
PASSIVE VOICE We use passive voice when the most important part of the sentence is the object.
It is possible to form the passive when we have a complement noun or direct object. It’s possible to form the passive when we have an indirect object. Active Voice
I play Sub. verb
Passive voice soccer comp. noun
in the park.
Soccer Comp.
is verb to be
played verb in Past. Part.
by me in the park. subject
I. Rewrite the following sentences using Present Passive. 1. I buy groceries ________________________________________________ 2. Scientists develop vaccines every year _______________________________________________ 3. 4.
Thieves steal pedestrians everyday Doctor give prescriptions
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
5.
Mexican people consume Coke everyday
______________________________________________
6. 7.
Terrorist kill people in Siria People cut trees in the world.
_______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
II. Rewrite the following sentences using Past Passive. 1. Leonardo Da Vinci painted Mona Lisa. ____________________________________________________ 2. 3.
Shakespeare wrote “Hamlet” Columbus discovered America
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
4. 5.
A friend gave me a beautiful present Someone assaulted me last night
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
6.
A person told a secret about you
_______________________________________________
III. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Rewrite the following sentences using Present Progressive Passive. Someone is printing the report at the moment. _______________________________________________ Technicians are developing new car models _______________________________________________ People are throwing garbage around the world _______________________________________________ People are destroying forests around the world _______________________________________________ Smokes are changing the climate _______________________________________________
IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Passive Voice where possible. 1. Human race will invent robots ___________________________________________________ 2. Omar is going to win the lottery ___________________________________________________ 3. 4.
Sonia studied English last year I have drunk beer many times
___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
5.
Thomas A. Edison invented the bulb light
______________________________________________
6. 7.
You must eat vegetables everyday My mother loves me a lot
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
8.
Sandra will study in the university next year
______________________________________________
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V. fill in the blanks using Passive Voice. Things go better with Coca Cola Coca cola is enjoyed all over the world. 1.6 billion gallons _______________ (sell) every year, in over one hundred and sixty countries. The drink ____________ (invent) by Dr. John Pemberton in Atlanta as a health drink on 8 th May 1886, but it ____________ (give) the name Coca-Cola by his partner, Frank Robinson, because it was originally made from the coca plant. In the first year, only nine drinks a day _____________ (sell). The business ______________ (buy) by a man called Asa Candler in 1888, and the first factory ______________ (open) in Dallas, in 1895. Coca-Cola is still made there. Billions of bottles and cans _________________ (produce) since 1895, but the recipe is still kept secret! Diet coke __________________ (make) since 1982, and over the years many clever advertisements _________________ (use) to sell the product. It is certain that Coca-cola ______________________ (drink) far into the twenty first century.
CATCHING A PLANE. When you ____________ (1.arrive) at an airport, you should go straight to the check in desk where your ticket and luggage __________________ (2.check). You ______________ (3.keep) your hand luggage with you but your suitcases _________________ (4.take) to the plane on a conveyor belt. You can now go to the departure lounge. If you are on an international flight, your passport _________________ (5.check), and then your bags _________________ (6.x-rays) by security cameras; sometimes you ______________ (7.give) a body search and your luggage ______________ (8.search) by a security officer. You _______________ (9.wait) in the departure lounge until your flight _______________ (10.call) and you ______________ (11.tell) which gate number to go to. Finally, you _________________ (12.board) your plane and you _______________ (13.show) to your seat by a flight attendant.
A SPECIAL HOLIDAY IN FLORIDA Last February, I __________________ (1.decide) to go on holiday to Florida. The day I ____________ (2.leave) England it _____________________ (3.rain), but when I _______________ (4.land) in Florida, the sun _________________ (5.shine) and a lovely, warm breeze _________________ (6.blow) from the sea. I _____________ (7.take) a taxi to my hotel. As I ________________ (8.check in), someone ________________ (9.tap) me on the shoulder. I ___________________ (10.can-not) believe my eyes! It was my old girlfriend. She _________________ (11.stay) at the same hotel. The next day,we _________________ (12.go) snorkeling and _________________(13.see) hundreds of beautiful fish. It __________________ (14.get) dark when we _________________ (15.return) to our hotel after a wonderful day. We ________________ (16.spend) the rest of the week together. It was very romantic. We _________________ (17.feel) very sad when the holiday ________________ (18.end) I . Transform the following sentences using the passive. Example: Columbus discovered America.
America was discovered by Columbus.
1.
John scored the goal.
The goal _____________________________________________
2.
Steven Spielberg has directed a lot of movies.
A lot of _____________________________________________
3. A terrorist attack destroyed the building.
The building _________________________________________
4.
Harrison Ford always plays the role of Indiana Jones. The role of Indiana Jones _______________________
5.
Bollywood produces many movies every year.
Many movies ________________________________________
6.
People will never forget him.
He
_________________________________________
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SHOWING CONTRAST ( UNEXPECTED RESULT ) ADVERB CLAUSES Even though Although Though CONJUNCTIONS But…… anyway But……..still Yet……..still TRANSITIONS Nevertheless
PREPOSITIONS
Despite In spite of Despite the fact that
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l)
Even though it was cold, I went swimming Although it was cold, I went swimming Though it was cold, I went swimming it was cold, but I went swimming anyway it was cold, but I still went swimming it was cold, yet I still went swimming it was cold, Nevertheless, I went swimming it was cold, nonetheless, I went swimming it was cold. However, I still went swimming. I went swimming despite the cold weather I went swimming in spite of the cold weather. I went swimming in spite of the fact that the weather was cold
I. Complete the sentences with the given words. Pay attention to the given punctuation and capitalization. 1. Bob ate a large dinner. He is still hungry. _______________________________________________________________________________ Nevertheless _______________________________________________________________________________ Although _______________________________________________________________________________ but… anyway 2. I had a lot of studying to do. I went to a movie anyway. _______________________________________________________________________________ Even though _______________________________________________________________________________ However _______________________________________________________________________________ In spite of 3. I finished all my work. I was very sleepy. _______________________________________________________________________________ Nevertheless _______________________________________________________________________________ Although _______________________________________________________________________________ In spite of 4. I washed my hands. They still looked dirty. _______________________________________________________________________________ Even though _______________________________________________________________________________ However _______________________________________________________________________________ In spite of
5. Anna’s father gave her some good advice. she did not follow it. _______________________________________________________________________________ Nevertheless _______________________________________________________________________________ Although _______________________________________________________________________________ Nonetheless
5. Thomas refused the water. He was thirsty. _______________________________________________________________________________ but _______________________________________________________________________________ however _______________________________________________________________________________ Nonetheless
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IV. Complete the sentences with your own words. Add commas where appropriate. 1. I had a cold but I _______________________________________________________ anyway. 2. Even though I had a cold I _______________________________________________________ 3. Although I didn’t study _________________________________________________________ 4. I didn’t study but _______________________________________________________ anyway. 5. I got an “A” on the test even though _______________________________________________ 6. Even though the food they served for dinner tasted terrible _____________________________ 7. Even though Howard is a careful driver ____________________________________________ 8. My shirt still has coffee stains on it even though _____________________________________ 9. I still trust him even though _____________________________________________________ 10. Even though he was drowning no one ____________________________________________ 11. Although I tried to be very careful _______________________________________________ 12. Even though Ruth is one of my best friends _______________________________________ 13.It’s still hot in here even though _________________________________________________ 14. Even though I had a big breakfast ________________________________________________ V. Create sentences with the same meaning by Not only ……. But also 1. I have a car. I have a motorcycle
_____________________________________________________________________ 2. I study English. I study math.
_____________________________________________________________________ 3. I like fruit. I like meat.
_____________________________________________________________________ 4. I read books. I read magazines.
_____________________________________________________________________ 5. In my free time, I play videogames. I watch TV
_____________________________________________________________________ 6. Mary bought a sweater. She bought a skirt. _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Raul ate seafood. He ate chicken.
_____________________________________________________________________ 8. I am happy. I am excited
_____________________________________________________________________ 9. I was stressed. I was angry
_____________________________________________________________________
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GRAMMAR
OTHERWISE Otherwise expresses the idea “If the opposite is true, then there will be a certain result. Example: If I don´t call my mother, she´ll start worrying about me. I am going to / should / had better / have to / must I.
call my mother. Otherwise, she´ll start worrying about me.
Create sentences with the same meaning by using otherwise. 1. If I don´t have breakfast, I will get hungry. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. If you don’t hurry, you´ll be late for class. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. If you don´t take your umbrella, you will get wet. _________________________________________________________________________ 4. If you don´t leave now, you´ll be late for class. _________________________________________________________________________ 5. If you don´t go to bed, your cold will get worse. _________________________________________________________________________ 6. Unless you have a ticket, you can´t get into the theater. _________________________________________________________________________ 7. If you don´t study, you won´t pass the exam. _________________________________________________________________________ 8. You can´t enter that country unless you have a passport. _________________________________________________________________________ 9. If Tom doesn´t get a job soon, his family won´t have enough money for food. _________________________________________________________________________ 10. If Rocio doesn´t save money, she won´t buy a new cell phone. _________________________________________________________________________ 11. If Mary doesn´t wash her clothes tonight, she won’t have any clean clothes to wear tomorrow.
_____________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
INSTEAD OF
Instead of expresses the idea “I did an action but I had to do other” Example: I had to do my homework however I went to the cinema
.
Instead of doing my homework, I went to the cinema 1.
I didn´t study because I played videogames.
_______________________________________________________________________ 2.
Although I had to read a book, I went to the park with my friends.
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3.I had to work however I took a nap
_______________________________________________________________________ 4.Carlos didn´t delivered the project because he went to the theatre.
_______________________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR
Using THEREFORE and CONSEQUENTLY Therefore and Consequently mean “as a result”.
Omar failed the test because he didn´t study. Omar didn´t study. Therefore, he failed the test. Omar didn´t study. Consequently, he failed the test. We can use Therefore in the second of two related sentences. Notice the patterns and punctuation in the examples. Omar didn´t study. Therefore, he failed the test. Omar didn´t study. He, therefore, failed the test. Omar didn´t study. He failed the test, therefore.
I.
Restate the sentences, using Therefore and Consequently. 1. The children stayed home because a storm was approaching. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. I didn´t have my umbrella, so I got wet. ( consequently ) _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. Pat decided to major in biology in college because she always enjoyed studying science. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Rocio wore a sweater because it was cold. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. We went swimming because it was hot. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 6. Emily has never wanted to return to Quebec. The winters are too severe. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 7. Bill couldn´t pick us up after the concert because his car wouldn´t start. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
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INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADEMICA DIRECCION DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTIFICOS Y TECNOLOGICOS No 3 “ESTANISLAO RAMIRES RUIZ”
PORTAFOLIO DE EVIDENCIAS
UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE: INGLÉS IV Nombre del alumno: ___________________________________
Turno: ____________
Grupo: ____________________
Profesor: Miguel Ángel Hernández G.
Febrero 2018