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Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25˚C* Inorganic Substances Substance

DH°f (kJ/mol)

DG°f (kJ/mol)

S° (J/K ? mol)

Ag(s) Ag1(aq) AgCl(s) AgBr(s) AgI(s) AgNO3(s) Al(s) Al31(aq) Al2O3(s) As(s) AsO342(aq) AsH3(g) H3AsO4(s) Au(s) Au2O3(s) AuCl(s) AuCl3(s) B(s) B2O3(s) H3BO3(s) H3BO3(aq) Ba(s) Ba21(aq) BaO(s) BaCl2(s) BaSO4(s) BaCO3(s) Be(s) BeO(s) Br2(l) Br2(aq) HBr(g) C(graphite) C(diamond) CO(g) CO2(g) CO2(aq) CO232(aq)

0 105.9 2127.0 299.5 262.4 2123.1 0 2524.7 21669.8 0 2870.3 171.5 2900.4 0 80.8 235.2 2118.4 0 21263.6 21087.9 21067.8 0 2538.4 2558.2 2860.1 21464.4 21218.8 0 2610.9 0 2120.9 236.2 0 1.90 2110.5 2393.5 2412.9 2676.3

0 77.1 2109.7 295.9 266.3 232.2 0 2481.2 21576.4 0 2635.97

42.7 73.9 96.1 107.1 114.2 140.9 28.3 2313.38 50.99 35.15 2144.77

0 163.2

0 21184.1 2963.16 2963.3 0 2560.66 2528.4 2810.66 21353.1 21138.9 0 2581.58 0 2102.8 253.2 0 2.87 2137.3 2394.4 2386.2 2528.1

47.7 125.5

6.5 54.0 89.58 159.8 66.9 12.55 70.3 125.5 132.2 112.1 9.5 14.1 152.3 80.7 198.48 5.69 2.4 197.9 213.6 121.3 253.1

*The thermodynamic quantities of ions are based on the reference states that DH°f [H1(aq)] 5 0, DG°f [H1(aq)] 5 0, and S°[H1(aq)] 5 0 (see p. 807). (Continued)

A-8

Appendix 3

Substance HCO2 3 (aq) H2CO3(aq) CS2(g) CS2(l) HCN(aq) CN2(aq) (NH2)2CO(s) (NH2)2CO(aq) Ca(s) Ca21(aq) CaO(s) Ca(OH)2(s) CaF2(s) CaCl2(s) CaSO4(s) CaCO3(s) Cd(s) Cd21(aq) CdO(s) CdCl2(s) CdSO4(s) Cl2(g) Cl2(aq) HCl(g) Co(s) Co21(aq) CoO(s) Cr(s) Cr21(aq) Cr2O3(s) CrO422(aq) Cr2O722(aq) Cs(s) Cs1(aq) Cu(s) Cu1(aq) Cu21(aq) CuO(s) Cu2O(s) CuCl(s) CuCl2(s) CuS(s) CuSO4(s) F2(g) F2(aq) HF(g) Fe(s) Fe21(aq)

DH°f (kJ/mol)

DG°f (kJ/mol)

S° (J/K ? mol)

2691.1 2699.7 115.3 87.3 105.4 151.0 2333.19 2319.2 0 2542.96 2635.6 2986.6 21214.6 2794.96 21432.69 21206.9 0 272.38 2254.6 2389.1 2926.17 0 2167.2 292.3 0 267.36 2239.3 0 2138.9 21128.4 2863.16 21460.6 0 2247.69 0 51.88 64.39 2155.2 2166.69 2134.7 2205.85 248.5 2769.86 0 2329.1 2271.6 0 287.86

2587.1 2623.2 65.1 63.6 112.1 165.69 2197.15 2203.84 0 2553.0 2604.2 2896.8 21161.9 2750.19 21320.3 21128.8 0 277.7 2225.06 2342.59 2820.2 0 2131.2 295.27 0 251.46 2213.38 0

94.98 187.4 237.8 151.0 128.9 117.99 104.6 173.85 41.6 255.2 39.8 83.4 68.87 113.8 106.69 92.9 51.46 261.09 54.8 118.4 137.2 223.0 56.5 187.0 28.45 155.2 43.9 23.77

21046.8 2706.26 21257.29 0 2282.0 0 50.2 64.98 2127.2 2146.36 2118.8 ? 249.0 2661.9 0 2276.48 2270.7 0 284.9

81.17 38.49 213.8 82.8 133.05 33.3 226.4 299.6 43.5 100.8 91.6 ? 66.5 113.39 203.34 29.6 173.5 27.2 2113.39 (Continued)

A-9

A-10

Appendix 3

Substance

DH°f (kJ/mol)

Fe31(aq) FeO(s) Fe2O3(s) Fe(OH)2(s) Fe(OH)3(s) H(g) H2(g) H1(aq) OH2(aq) H2O(g) H2O(l) H2O2(l) Hg(l) Hg21(aq) HgO(s) HgCl2(s) Hg2Cl2(s) HgS(s) HgSO4(s) Hg2SO4(s) I2(s) I2(aq) HI(g) K(s) K1(aq) KOH(s) KCl(s) KClO3(s) KClO4(s) KBr(s) KI(s) KNO3(s) Li(s) Li1(aq) Li2O(s) LiOH(s) Mg(s) Mg21(aq) MgO(s) Mg(OH)2(s) MgCl2(s) MgSO4(s) MgCO3(s) Mn(s) Mn21(aq) MnO2(s) N2(g) N2 3 (aq)

247.7 2272.0 2822.2 2568.19 2824.25 218.2 0 0 2229.94 2241.8 2285.8 2187.6 0 290.7 2230.1 2264.9 258.16 2704.17 2741.99 0 255.9 25.9 0 2251.2 2425.85 2435.87 2391.20 2433.46 2392.17 2327.65 2492.7 0 2278.46 2595.8 2487.2 0 2461.96 2601.8 2924.66 2641.8 21278.2 21112.9 0 2218.8 2520.9 0 245.18

DG°f (kJ/mol)

S° (J/K ? mol)

210.5 2255.2 2741.0 2483.55 ? 203.2 0 0 2157.30 2228.6 2237.2 2118.1 0 2164.38 258.5

2293.3 60.8 90.0 79.5 ? 114.6 131.0 0 210.5 188.7 69.9 ? 77.4

2210.66 248.8

196.2 77.8

2623.92 0 251.67 1.30 0 2282.28

200.75 116.7 109.37 206.3 63.6 102.5

2408.3 2289.9 2304.18 2379.2 2322.29 2393.1 0 2293.8 ? 2443.9 0 2456.0 2569.6 2833.75 2592.3 21173.6 21029.3 0 2223.4 2466.1 0 ?

82.68 142.97 151.0 96.4 104.35 132.9 28.0 14.2 ? 50.2 32.5 2117.99 26.78 63.1 89.5 91.6 65.69 31.76 283.68 53.1 191.5 ?

72.0

(Continued)

Appendix 3

Substance

DH°f (kJ/mol)

NH3(g) NH1 4 (aq) NH4Cl(s) NH3(aq) N2H4(l ) NO(g) NO2(g) N2O4(g) N2O(g) HNO2(aq) HNO3(l ) NO2 3 (aq) Na(s) Na1(aq) Na2O(s) NaCl(s) NaI(s) Na2SO4(s) NaNO3(s) Na2CO3(s) NaHCO3(s) Ni(s) Ni21(aq) NiO(s) Ni(OH)2(s) O(g) O2(g) O3(aq) O3(g) P(white) P(red ) PO342(aq) P4O10(s) PH3(g) HPO422(aq) H2PO2 4 (aq) Pb(s) Pb21(aq) PbO(s) PbO2(s) PbCl2(s) PbS(s) PbSO4(s) Pt(s) PtCl242(aq) Rb(s) Rb1(aq) S(rhombic)

246.3 2132.80 2315.39 280.3 50.4 90.4 33.85 9.66 81.56 2118.8 2173.2 2206.57 0 2239.66 2415.9 2411.0 2288.0 21384.49 2466.68 21130.9 2947.68 0 264.0 2244.35 2538.06 249.4 0 212.09 142.2 0 218.4 21284.07 23012.48 9.25 21298.7 21302.48 0 1.6 2217.86 2276.65 2359.2 294.3 2918.4 0 2516.3 0 2246.4 0

DG°f (kJ/mol)

S° (J/K ? mol)

216.6 279.5 2203.89 226.5

193.0 112.8 94.56 111.3

86.7 51.8 98.29 103.6 253.6 279.9 2110.5 0 2261.87 2376.56 2384.0

210.6 240.46 304.3 219.99 155.6 146.4 51.05 60.25 72.8 72.38

21266.8 2365.89 21047.67 2851.86 0 246.4 2216.3 2453.1 230.1 0 16.3 163.4 0 13.8 21025.59

149.49 116.3 135.98 102.09 30.1 2159.4 38.58 79.5 160.95 205.0 110.88 237.6 44.0 29.3 2217.57

18.2 21094.1 21135.1 0 224.3 2188.49 2218.99 2313.97 292.68 2811.2 0 2384.5 0 2282.2 0

210.0 235.98 89.1 64.89 21.3 69.45 76.57 136.4 91.2 147.28 41.84 175.7 69.45 124.27 31.88 (Continued)

A-11

A-12

Appendix 3

Substance S(monoclinic) SO2(g) SO3(g) SO232(aq) SO242(aq) H2S(g) HSO2 3 (aq) HSO2 4 (aq) H2SO4(l) SF6(g) Si(s) SiO2(s) Sr(s) Sr21(aq) SrCl2(s) SrSO4(s) SrCO3(s) Zn(s) Zn21(aq) ZnO(s) ZnCl2(s) ZnS(s) ZnSO4(s)

DH8f (kJ/mol)

DG8f (kJ/mol)

S8 (J/K ? mol)

0.30 2296.4 2395.2 2624.25 2907.5 220.15 2627.98 2885.75 2811.3 21096.2 0 2859.3 0 2545.5 2828.4 21444.74 21218.38 0 2152.4 2348.0 2415.89 2202.9 2978.6

0.10 2300.4 2370.4 2497.06 2741.99 233.0 2527.3 2752.87 ? ? 0 2805.0 0 2557.3 2781.15 21334.28 21137.6 0 2147.2 2318.2 2369.26 2198.3 2871.6

32.55 248.5 256.2 43.5 17.15 205.64 132.38 126.86 ? ? 18.70 41.84 54.39 239.33 117.15 121.75 97.07 41.6 2106.48 43.9 108.37 57.7 124.7

Organic Substances Substance

Formula

Acetic acid(l) Acetaldehyde(g) Acetone(l) Acetylene(g) Benzene(l) Butane(g) Ethanol(l) Ethane(g) Ethylene(g) Formic acid(l) Glucose(s) Methane(g) Methanol(l) Propane(g) Sucrose(s)

CH3COOH CH3CHO CH3COCH3 C2H2 C6H6 C4H10 C2H5OH C2H6 C2H4 HCOOH C6H12O6 CH4 CH3OH C3H8 C12H22O11

DH°f (kJ/mol)

DG°f (kJ/mol)

S° (J/K ? mol)

2484.2 2166.35 2246.8 226.6 49.04 2124.7 2276.98 284.7 52.3 2409.2 21274.5 274.85 2238.7 2103.9 22221.7

2389.45 2139.08 2153.55 209.2 124.5 215.7 2174.18 232.89 68.1 2346.0 2910.56 250.8 2166.3 223.5 21544.3

159.8 264.2 198.7 200.8 172.8 310.0 161.0 229.5 219.5 129.0 212.1 186.2 126.8 269.9 360.2