• Author / Uploaded
• Marisela Téllez

Citation preview

SIMPLE PRESENT (auxiliars: do-does) Things we usually do. Structure:  + verb in simple + complement present We always play soccer . We don’t play soccer on Mondays. Do we play soccer every Saturday? *Yes, we do. *No, we don´t.

Note: When we conjugate verbs with the third person (he, she, it) we add “s”, “es”, “ies”. Diego never plays soccer. Diego doesn’t play soccer on weekends.

Does Diego play soccer every Friday? *Yes, he does.

*No, he doesn´t. CONJUGATION OF VERB WITH HE, SHE, IT. “es”

“ies”

“s”

We add “es” when a verb finishes with “s”, “ss”, “sh”, “ch”, “x” “z” or “o”

When a verb finishes in a consonant + “y”  He cries  She flies  It tries  She

The rest of the verbs.  He loves  It runs  She plays  He reads

 He watches  She guesses

 He washes  It mixes  She goes

 He rides

studies

 He carries

TIME EXPRESSIONS (SIMPLE PRESENT)    

Always Usually Often Seldom Adverbs  Sometimes  Rarely  Never

Frequency (before the verb)

 Every day  Every Monday

at the end of the

sentence

 Every week

SIMPLE PAST (auxiliar: did) Actions that happened in the past. Structure:  + verb in simple + complement past  We played soccer yesterday.  We didn’t play soccer last Friday.  Did we play soccer an hour ago? *Yes, we did. *No, we didn´t.

Note: We use “did” with all the subjects. TIME EXPRESSIONS (SIMPLE PAST)  Yesterday  Two hours ago

 Last Friday  The day before yesterday

“PRESENT CONTINUOUS” (auxiliars: am-is-are) Actions that are happening at this moment. Structure:  + am-is-are+ verb in gerund + complement

“ing”  We are playing soccer at this moment.  We aren´t playing soccer right now.  Are we playing soccer now? *Yes, we are. *No, we aren´t.

Note: am

is

are

I

he, she, it

we, you, they

TIME EXPRESSIONS(PRESENT CONTINUOUS)  at this moment  right now  now 

“PAST CONTINUOUS” (auxiliars: was-were) *An action that was happening at a specific time in the past. Structure:  + was-were + verb in gerund + complement “ing”

 We were playing soccer yesterday at 5 o´clock .  We weren´t playing soccer last Friday morning.  Were we playing soccer an hour ago? *Yes, we were. *No, we weren´t.

Note:

was I, he, she, it

were we, you, they

TIME EXPRESSIONS (PAST CONTINUOUS)  Yesterday at 5:00  Last Monday in the morning  Yesterday at noon.

FUTURE “WILL” (auxiliar: will) Actions that will happen in the future (not sure). Structure:  + will + verb in simple form + complement

We will play soccer tomorrow. We won´t play soccer next Sunday. Will we play soccer the day after tomorrow? *Yes, we will. *No, we won´t.

Note: The negative form of “will” is “won´t” * will not = won´t TIME EXPRESSION (FUTURE )    

Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next month In two hours

“FUTURE “GOING TO” (auxiliars: am-is-are) Actions that are going to happen in the future ( for sure). Structure:  + am-is-are + going to + verb in simple form + complement.  We are going to play soccer

tomorrow.  We aren´t going to play soccer

next Sunday.  Are we going to play soccer the day after tomorrow? *Yes, we are.

*No, we aren´t.

Note: am I

is he, she, it

are we, you, they

“PRESENT PERFECT” (auxiliars: have-has) To talk about experiences. Structure:  + have - has + verb in past participle + compl  We have played soccer many

times.  We haven´t played soccer since last week.  Have we played soccer for two hours? *Yes, we have.

*No, we haven´t.

Note: have I, you, we, they

has he, she, it

TIME EXPRESSIONS SIMPLE PRESENT  always  usually  sometimes  often  seldom  rarely  never  every Monday  every week (etc) SIMPLE PAST  yesterday  last Friday  last year (etc)

FUTURE “WILL”  next Sunday  next month (etc)  in two days FUTURE “GOING TO”  next Sunday  next month (etc)  in two days PRESENT PERFECT  once  twice

 an hour ago  two_____ ago (etc) PRESENT CONTINUOUS  right now  now  at this moment

     

three times many times several times a lot of times already/yet/just since/for

PAST CONTINUOUS  Yesterday at 5:00  Last Monday at 11 o´clock

“ZERO CONDITIONAL” Aux (don´t –doesn´t, isn´t aren´t)

We use Zero conditional to express general truths. Conditionals have two clauses:

If clause Simple present

Main Clause Simple Present

 If we heat water at 100 degrees, it boils.

 If I don´t do my homework, my teacher is angry.  If Mariana studies hard, she passes her exams.  What does your mom do if you don´t do your homework?

“FIRST CONDITIONAL” Auxiliar (will-won´t, do-does) We use First Conditional for warnings, offers and future possibilities.

If clause Simple present

Main Clause Will (future)

 If you study , you will pass your exams.

 We will miss the plane if you don´t hurry up.

 If Marcela wins the Spelling contest, her mother will give her a prize.  What will your mom do if your sister doesn´t pass her exams?

“SECOND CONDITIONAL” AUX. (would) We use Second Conditional to describe an unlikely (not possible) or impossible situation in the present or in the future. (imagination is involved) It can also be used to give advice.

If clause

Main Clause

Simple Past

would + verb in simple form

If I lived in the sky, I would sleep on a cloud. If Ximena didn´t do her homework, her parents wouldn´t give her a prize. We would go to the concert if we had enough money. What would your mom do if you didn ´t pass your exams? “THIRD CONDITIONAL” Also called: Past Unreal Conditional Auxiliar (would have) We use the Third Conditional to talk about an event or situation that didn´t happen in the past.

If clause

Main Clause

“Past Perfect” Had+ verb in past participle

would + have+verb in past participle

If I had studied for my exams, I wouldn´t have failed them. If Yoali hadn´t won her diploma, her parents wouldn´t have felt proud of her. What would have your parents done if your sister hadn´t passed her exams?

“PAST PERFECT” We use it to talk about two actions that happened in the past, but one of them happened before the other. STRUCTURE:  + had + verb in past complement + Participle

+

 +Verb in

+ complement

Simple past

 I had done my homework when my mother arrived.  When Susan saw the accident, she had crossed the street.  My teacher had given her class when the principal called her to her office.

“PASSIVE VOICE (PRESENT)” We use it when the action is more important than the person who does the action. STRUCTURE:

.  + am-is-are + verb in complement

+

past participle

 The apple is bitten by my mom  That car is driven in a high speed.  The children are scolded because they didn´t do their homework. “PASSIVE VOICE (PAST)” STRUCTURE: .  + was-were + verb in complement

+

past participle

 The apple was bitten by my mom  That car was driven in a high speed.  The children were scolded because they didn´t do their homework.