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UNIT 1 - VERB TO BE ........................................................................................................................... 4 WH-Question words ....................................................................................................................... 7 SUBJECT OR PERSONAL PRONOUNS ............................................................................................... 9 POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES ................................................................................................................ 11 COMPARING SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES............................................. 12 COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES ................................................................................................. 14 NUMBERS...................................................................................................................................... 16 UNIT 2 - THERE IS AND THERE ARE................................................................................................... 18 UNIT 3 - PEOPLE ADJECTIVES............................................................................................................ 21 Possessive ‘S ................................................................................................................................. 23 FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS ............................................................................................................... 25 FAMILY TREE ................................................................................................................................. 26 UNIT 4 - PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION............................................................................................. 28 COMMON SENTENCE PATTERNS FOR PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION ......................................... 29 UNIT 5 - Present Continuous ............................................................................................................ 31 Contractions.................................................................................................................................. 32 UNIT 8 – HOW MUCH…?................................................................................................................... 35 UNIT 9 – Questions using the Present continuous .......................................................................... 37 Questions with Wh- ...................................................................................................................... 37 Yes/No questions.......................................................................................................................... 38 Unit 11 - Telling the time .................................................................................................................. 40 Prepositions of time ..................................................................................................................... 42 Simple Present .............................................................................................................................. 44 Present Simple - Spelling ................................................................................................................... 45 Adverbs of Frequency................................................................................................................... 47 Other phrases of time / Otras expresiones de tiempo: .................................................................... 47 Unit 15 – Future using “going to” .................................................................................................... 50 Keys/Respuestas ............................................................................................................................... 52 Referencias bibliográficas ................................................................................................................. 62

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Para mayor ayuda, puedes usar el diccionario Cambridge online: http://dictionary.cambridge.org

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UNIT 1 - VERB TO BE

The verb be can be an auxiliary verb or a main verb in English / El verbo to be puede ser usado como verbo auxiliar o principal.

MEANING / SIGNIFICADO: ser o estar Be is used to describe the current state of something- how it is at that moment / Estar es usado para describir el estado actual de algo al momento de hablar. Be is used to describe the nature and characteristics of something / Ser es usado para describir la naturaleza y característica de algo.

Ejemplo: Jorge is a handsome guy / Jorge es guapo. The traffic light is red / El semáforo está en rojo.

Be as a full verb Affirmative sentence

Negative sentence

Question

I am from Britain.

I am not from Britain.

Am I from Britain?

He is not from Britain.

Is he from Britain?

We are not from Britain.

Are we from Britain?

he, she, it: He is from Britain. we, you, they: We are from Britain.

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Affirmative

Negative

long form

short form

long form

short form

I am

I'm

I am not

I'm not

he's

he is not

he isn't or he's not

we're

we are not

we aren't or we're not

he, she, it: he is we, you, they: we are

Exercises: I.

Complete with the correct form of the verb to be - am/is/are in the affirmative or negative. Complete con la forma correcta del verbo to be am/is/are en afirmativo o negativo.

1. It _____________ (not) cold today. 2. I _______________at home now. 3. My parents ____________ (not) Korean. 4. There _________________a pen on the desk. 5. My name ______________ (not) Nikita. 6. We ___________________from Chile. 7. That __________________right. 8. A: How _________________you now? B: OK, thanks. 9. Clara and Steve ________________married. 10. She __________________an English teacher. 5

II.

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences with the verb to be /Ordene las palabras para crear oraciones con el verbo to be.

1. old am years I twenty-five _____________________________________________ 2. We from Venezuela are not ____________________________________________ 3. and Antonio student name I'm My a is ___________________________________ 4. your book this Is _____________________________________________________? 5. a day It's today nice ____________________________________________________ 6. is brother's Paul Her name _____________________________________________ 7. you Jenkins Are and Mrs. Mr. ___________________________________________? 8. is last husband's Johansson name My ______________________________________ 9. are my students twelve There class in ______________________________________ 10. address is My in the email _______________________________________________

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WH-Question words

Questions with Wh- question words + be / Preguntas con palabras Wh- y el verbo “be”. Question word

Verb

Rest

Answer

Where

are

you from?

I'm from Cambridge.

What

is

your name?

My name is Peter.

How

are

Pat and Sue?

They're fine.

Wh- question words with examples/ Ejemplos de preguntas con palabras Wh-.

Question word

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Example

Where/ donde

Where do you live?

Who/ quien

Who are you?

When/cuando

When do you get up?

What/que

What are you doing?

Why/por que

Why do you smoke?

Whose/ de quien

Whose book is this?

Which/ cual

Which bus do you take to school?

How/ como

How old are you?

Exercises. I.

Put in What, Where, Why, When, How, Who into the gaps and form meaningful questions / Complete las preguntas con what, where, why, when, how, who. 1. ______________________ food do you like? 2. _____________________time does Bill get up in the morning? 3. _____________________ don’t you go by bus, Max? 4. _____________________ cooks the food in this restaurant? 5. ____________________ color do you prefer? Red or green? 6. _____________________ do they live? 7. _____________________old is Mike? 8. _______________________ is Susan’s birthday? 9. ______________________ are my exercise books? 10. ______________________ is your occupation? 11. _____________________ are those people next to David? 12. _____________________ has the most difficult job.

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SUBJECT OR PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Meaning / Significado. Use Subject Pronouns to replace the subject (person or thing) of a verb. A pronoun has the same meaning as a noun / Use Subject Pronouns para reemplazar el sujeto (persona o cosa) del verbo. El pronombre reemplaza al sustantivo.

Form / Forma SUBJECT OR PERSONAL PRONOUNS I You He She It We You They

EXAMPLE I’m Anna Are you Maria? He’s a pilot She’s from Korea It’s a beautiful dog We’re sisters Are you Tom and Susan? They have a big family

We do NOT normally say / Normalmente no decimos:

•

John is tall and John is intelligent/John es alto y John es inteligente.

Saying the word John twice is repetitive and does not sound natural / Decir John dos veces es repetitivo y no suena natural. We replace the Subject (John) that appears the second time with a subject pronoun to avoid repetition (and in this case to avoid saying the name John again.) / Reemplazamos el sujeto (John) que aparece la segunda vez para evitar la repetición, y así evitar decir John por segunda vez. So we would say / Por lo tanto, diríamos: 9

•

John is tall and he is intelligent. John es alto e inteligente.

We replace the second John with the Subject Pronoun He / Reemplazamos el segundo John con el pronombre He.

I know Tony – He is a friendly person. Conozco a Tony- Él es amigable.

In this sentence he has the same meaning as Tony / En esta frase he tiene el mismo significado que Tony.

Exercise. I.

Use the correct subject or personal pronouns. Watch the word in brackets. Complete la frase con el pronombre personal que equivale a la palabra en paréntesis. 1. ________________is a student. (George) 2. ________________ is white. (the board) 3. ________________ are on the wall. (the posters) 4. ________________is running. (the dog) 5. ________________ are watching TV. (My mother and I) 6. Are ________________ in the garden? (the cats) 7. ________________is riding his bike. (Tom) 8. ________________ is from Bristol. (Victoria) 9. _________________ has got a brother. (Diana) 10. Is _____________ a nurse? (Maria)

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POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES Possessive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership of something. While we use them when we refer to people, it is more in the sense of relationship than ownership /Los adjetivos posesivos son usados para mostrar que somos dueños de algo.

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COMPARING SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES



Rule 1/Regla 1: Subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, they. Subject pronouns usually occur before a verb. / Los sujetos pronombres son I, you, he, she, it, we, they. Son usados antes de un verbo.



Rule 2/Regla 2: Possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, their. Possessive adjectives occur before a noun (my car) or an adjective + noun (my new car) /Los adjetivos posesivos son my, your, his, her, its, our, their. Usamos los adjetivos posesivos antes de un sustantivo (my car) o un adjetivo + sustantivo (my new car).

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Rule 3/Regla 3: Possessive adjectives have no singular or plural. They are used with both singular and plural nouns (my book/my books). Los adjetivos posesivos no tienen forma singular o plural. Usamos los adjetivos posesivos con sustantivos singulares y plurales (my book/my books).

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Exercises: Write the correct possessive adjectives on the lines/Escribe el correspondiente adjetivo posesivo en cada linea.

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COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

Denmark-Danish/Dinamarca-Danés, -a. United States-American/Estados Unidos- Americano, -a. Indonesia-Indonesian/Indonesia-Indonesio, -sia. Korea-Korean/Corea-Coreano, -a. Mexico-Mexican/México-Mexicano, -a. Portugal-Portuguese/Portugal-Portugués, -a. Turkey-Turkish/Turquía-Turco, -a. Netherlands (Holland)-Dutch/Holanda-Holandés, -a. Austria-Austrian/Austria-Austriaco, -a. Belgium-Belgian/ Bélgica-Belga Scotland-Scottish/Escocia-Escocés, -a. Australia-Australian/Australia-Australiano, -a. Brazil-Brazilian /Brasil- Brasileño, -a. Canada-Canadian/ Canadá- Canadiense. Nepal-Nepalese/ Nepal-Nepalí.

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Exercises: Circle the correct word/Pon en un círculo la palabra correcta.

1. Carlos is from Spain/ Spanish. 2. She is France/French. 3. Ana is from Russia/Russian. 4. These are my friends from German/Germany. 5. Tina is from Japan/Japanese. 6. Sofia is Greece/Greek. 15

Complete the sentences with the corresponding nationality. / Completa las oraciones con la nacionalidad correcta. 1. I’ m from the United States, I’m American. 2. He’s from Italy, he’s ____________________. 3. She’s from Germany, she’s _______________. 4. They are from China, They’re _____________. 5. I’m from Spain, I’m _____________________. 6. We’re from France, we’re ________________.

NUMBERS

1 one 6 six

2 two 7 seven

4 four 9 nine

5 five 10 ten

11 eleven 16 sixteen

12 twelve 13 thirteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen

20 twenty

21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three …

30 thirty

31 thirty-one

32 thirty-two

33 thirty-three …

40 forty

41 forty-one

42 forty-two

43 forty-three …

50 fifty 60 sixty 100 one hundred

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3 three 8 eight

70 seventy

14 fourteen 19 nineteen

80 eighty

15 fifteen

90 ninety

Exercises: Write these numbers in words/Escribe estos números en palabras.

1.

4

___________

2.

40

___________

3.

5

___________

4.

15

___________

5.

50

___________

6.

100

___________

7.

33

___________

8.

13

___________

9.

72

___________

10.

86

___________

Write in figures. /Escribe los siguientes números en cifras.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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Two hundred and seventeen: 217 One hundred and seven: __________ Four hundred and forty four: __________ Three hundred and thirteen: __________ Six hundred and thirty: __________ Nine hundred and seventy eight: __________

UNIT 2 - THERE IS AND THERE ARE We use there is and there are when we first refer to the existence or presence of someone or something/ Usamos there is y there are para referirnos a la existencia o presencia de alguien o algo. e.g

There’s a letter on your desk. Julia brought it from the mail room/Hay una carta en tu escritorio. Julia la trajo de la oficina de correos. Not: It’s a letter on your desk. There are three Japanese students in my class/Hay tres alumnos japoneses en mi clase.

There is and there’s are both singular forms. We use there’s more commonly in informal speaking/ There is y there’s ambas formas singulares. Usamos there’s en contextos menos formales de producción oral. e.g

There is a new cafe in the centre of town which sells Indonesian food/Hay un nuevo café en el centro de la ciudad que vende comida Indonesia. She’s very determined and there’s no chance she will change her mind. Ella está muy decidida y no hay forma que cambie de opinión.

There are is the plural form of there is and there’s/ There are es la forma plural de there is y there’s. e.g

There are two new buildings next to the school. They are both science buildings/Hay dos edificios nuevos al lado del colegio. Ambos edificios de ciencia.

In speaking and in some informal writing, we use there’s even when it refers to more than one. This use could be considered incorrect in formal writing or in an examination/Tanto 18

en producción oral como escrita menos formal, usamos there’s incluso para referirnos a más de uno. e.g

There’s three other people who are still to come/Hay tres personas todavía por venir. There’s lots of cars in the car park/Hay muchos autos en el parque.

Exercises:

1. There ______ a red car parked in our driveway. a) is

b) are

2. There ______ six eggs in the fridge. a) is

b) are

3. There ______ many options to pick from. a) is 19

b) are

4. There ______ a euro and ten cents on the counter. a) is

b) are

5. There ______ a lot of errors on this page. a) is

b) are

6. There ______ a load of laundry to do. a) is

b) are

7. There ______ any wine left. a) isn't

b) aren't

8. I'm hungry. _____ there any apples in your backpack? a) Is

b) Are

9. Sorry, Dad. _____ nothing left. a) There's

b) There isn't

10. Help yourself. _____ coffee, tea and juice to drink. a) There's

b) There are

Complete the conversation. Use the words in the box.

there’s

there are

is there

are there

there isn't

there aren't

A: Excuse me, (1) _____________________ a bank near here? B: No, (2) ____________________. I think (3) _________________ one on Fifth Avenue. A: And (4) ___________________ any drugstores? B: Yes, (5) ____________________. (6)____________________ one on the corner of Arthur Street and First Avenue and (7)___________________ two on Central Avenue. (8)_________________ any on this street. 20

UNIT 3 - PEOPLE ADJECTIVES To ask about the physical characteristics of people we normally ask the following question: / Para preguntar sobre las características físicas de una persona normalmente se utiliza la siguiente pregunta:

Question What does he look like?

Answer Physical description

The answers will include adjectives like tall, short, young, old. / En las respuestas se utilizarán adjetivos como alto, bajo, joven, viejo(a).

Example: Q: What does she look like?

A: She’s very tall and thin.

We can also answer by using Have/Has + noun to describe a person physically / También se puede utilizar have/has + sustantivo para describer a una persona físicamente.

Example: Q: What does she look like?

Verb to be + adjective Have/has + noun or have/has got + noun

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A: She has black hair.

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Tall, short, thin, strong, athletic, overweight, bald Middle-aged, old, young Short hair, Long hair, curly hair, straight hair, blond hair, red hair, gray hair Blue eyes, Green eyes, Brown eyes A moustache, A beard

Exercises: Translate the following sentences to Spanish / Traduzca las siguientes oraciones al castellano:

1. La mujer es alta y delgada. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. El hombre es viejo. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. La niña tiene cabello largo. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Susana tiene los ojos verdes y el cabello corto. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. Mario tiene barba y el cabello crespo. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Mi hermano es joven pero pelado. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Possessive ‘S Possessive ‘s shows ownership, something you own. It is also used to indicate the relationship between people / La possessive ‘s muestra que somos dueños de algo. También se utiliza para indicar el parentesco entre personas.

Example: The Simpson Family Marge is Lisa’s mother. / Marge es la mama de Lisa. Bart is Homer’s son. / Bart es hijo de Homero. Example: Things This is Maria’s car. / Este es el auto de María. These are Fernando’s books. / Estos son los libros de Fernando.

Exercises Use the words to make sentences. /Use las palabras para hacer oraciones.

Example: Simon/brother/Jenny. __Simon is Jenny’s brother__________. 1. Rosa/mother/David. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Miguel/father/Sofia/. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Carmen/wife/Nick. ____________________________________________________________________ 23

4. Joanna/sister/Amanda. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Harry/husband/Susana. ____________________________________________________________________ 6. This/Eddie/bicycle. ____________________________________________________________________ 7. These/Robert/photos. _____________________________________________________________________ 8. This/Jack/dog. ____________________________________________________________________ 9. These/Victoria/pens. ____________________________________________________________________ 10. Ben/books/on the table. _____________________________________________________________________

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FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Use a dictionary to translate the words below / Use un diccionario para traducir estas palabras

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FAMILY TREE

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Exercise Use the family tree above to make sentences / Use el árbol de la familia de arriba para hacer oraciones. Example: Amy is Andy’s wife.

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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UNIT 4 - PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION

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COMMON SENTENCE PATTERNS FOR PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION Existen dos estrucutras principales que se utilizan con las preposiciones de lugar:

PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION WITH SIMILAR MEANINGS Some prepositions have similar meanings./ Algunas preposiciones tienen un significado similar.

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Exercises Complete the following sentences with the corresponding preposition.

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UNIT 5 - Present Continuous The Present Continuous is used in several ways to refer to: actions happening at the moment of speaking, in the future, temporary actions, and trends. However, and for the purposes of this course, we will concentrate on “actions happening at the moment of speaking”. / El presente continuo se utiliza de distintas formas para referirse a: acciones que están sucediendo en el momento, para el futuro, acciones temporales, y tendencias. No obstante, y para los propósitos de este nivel, nos concentramos en el uso más común, es decir, “acciones que están sucediendo en el momento”. El tiempo Presente Continuo (también llamado Progresivo) se forma con el presente del verbo SER (TO BE, ¿recuerdas?) más el gerundio...ANDO /...ENDO (...-ing en inglés), del verbo que se desea conjugar. Este tiempo verbal indica una acción en desarrollo (que está ocurriendo ahora, en el mismo momento en que se la nombra). Por ello, a menudo las oraciones en Presente Continuo llevan justamente el adverbio “now”, “currently” o “at the moment”. La estructura de abajo te ayudará a comprenderlo mejor. Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing Affirmative

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Negative

I am studying

I am not studying

You are studying

You are not studying

He is studying

He is not studying

She is studying

She is not studying

It is studying

It is not studying

We are studying

We are not studying

You are studying

You are not studying

They are studying

They are not studying

Contractions. We often use short forms in affirmative sentence in the Present Progressive / Usualmente usamos la versión corta en las oraciones afirmativas del presente progresivo. I’m, He’s, She’s, We’re, You’re, They’re Affirmative

subject + am/is/are + verbo + -ing

I am studying in New York - Yo estoy estudiando en New York. I'm studying in New York - Yo estoy estudiando en New York. He is studying in New York - El está estudiando en New York. He's studying in New York - El está estudiando en New York. We are studying in New York - Nosotros estamos estudiando en New York. We're studying in New York - Nosotros estamos estudiando en New York. Negative

subject + am/is/are + not + verbo + -ing

I am not studying in New York - Yo no estoy estudiando en New York. I'm not studying in New York - Yo no estoy estudiando en New York. He is not studying in New York - El no está estudiando en New York He's not studying in New York - El no está estudiando en New York. We are not studying in New York - Nosotros no estamos estudiando en New York. We're not studying in New York - Nosotros no estamos estudiando en New York.

Spelling Rules / Reglas para escribir los verbos ● A single, silent -e at the end of the word is dropped before –ing / Se reemplaza la –e final por –ing. Example: come - coming I am coming home. You are coming home. He is coming home. ● But: -ee at the end of the word is not changed / Pero “-ee” al final de una palabra no 32

se cambia. Example: agree – agreeing ● The final consonant after a short, stressed vowel is doubled before -ing / La consonante final después de una vocal corta acentuada es repetida antes de –ing. Example: sit – sitting ● I am sitting on the sofa. You are sitting on the sofa. He is sitting on the sofa. ● The letter “L” as final consonant after a vowel is always doubled before ing / La letra “L “como consonante final después de una vocal siempre es repetida antes de –ing. Example: travel – travelling ● I am travelling around. / You are travelling around. / He is travelling around. NOTE: This applies only for British English; in American English there is usually only one L / Esto se aplica solo para inglés británico; en inglés Americano normalmente se usa una sola “L”. ● An -ie at the end of a word becomes -y before ing / Un “-ie” al final de una palabra se reemplazar por -y antes de –ing. Example: lie – lying ● I am lying in bed. / You are lying in bed. / He is lying in bed. Exercises: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present continuous / Complete el espacio con la forma correcta del presente continuo. 1. Alexander _____________ a film. (watch) 2. We ___________________ a computer game. ( play) 3. The man_______________ on the grass in the park (sit) 4. The dog________________ at the cat. (bark) 5. Look! Steve's mother________________ a cup of coffee. (make) 6. The teacher______________________ the door. (not close) 7. You______________________ the exercise correctly. (not answer) 8. We_______________________ a good time. (not have) 33

9. She_______________________ the piano very well. (not play)

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UNIT 8 – HOW MUCH…? We use How much is/are…? To ask for the price of things / Utilizamos How much is/are…? Para preguntar el precio de cosas.

How much is it? How much does it cost? (SINGULAR) How much are they? How much do they cost? (PLURAL)

EXERCISES: Write how much, is, are, it’s or they’re / Escriba how much, is, are, it’s o they’re

1. A. How much ____ the pen? B. ______$ 5.00 Do you want it? 2. A. Look at those shoes. ________ are they? B. _______$200.00! _______ very expensive. 35

3. A. How much _____ these pants? B. ______$ 15.00 _______ very cheap. 4. A _________is this T-shirt ? B. _________ $10.00! 5. A. How much ____these jeans? B. __________ only $ 15, 00!

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UNIT 9 – Questions using the Present continuous Questions with WhBegin wh- questions in the present continuous with a question word like what, where, why, who or how. Use am, is, or are + the –ing form of the verb/ Comience las preguntas con Wh- en presente continuo con palabras como what, where, why, who or how./ Comience las preguntas con wh- en presente continuo con palabras como what, where, why, who o how. Use am, is o are + la forma -ing del verbo.

Wh- Word

Verb to be

Subject

What

am

I

- Ing Verb Form doing?

Where

Is

he/she/it

going?

Who

Are

You

meeting?

Exercises: Write the question correctly/ Escriba la pregunta de manera correcta. 1. (Is/ what/ boy/ wearing /the) ______________________________? 2. (going/ who/ is/ Sydney/ to) ______________________________? 3. (we/ are/ the/ carrying/ boxes/ where) ______________________________? 4. (She/ where/ of/ getting/ is/ the/ bus) ______________________________? 5. (Who/ the/ is/ to/ woman talking) ______________________________?

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Yes/No questions

Auxiliary Are

Subject they

Is

Frank

Am

I

Verb going

driving

playing

Rest to the university?

to the office?

today?

Exercises: Choose the best alternative. /Elija la mejor alternativa

1. Are you studying now? a) Yes, I am. I have test tomorrow. b) No, I am not. My name is Lucy. 2. Is Freddy driving the car? a) Yes, he is. He is the kitchen. b) No, he is not. He is sitting in the sofa. 3. Are they going to work? a) Yes, they are. They are studying at the university b) No, they are not. They are going to the park.

4. Is Frank listening to the radio? a) Yes, he is. He’s listening to the news. b) No, he isn’t. he is a student. 5. Are Kate and Patrick practicing sports? 38

Yes/No Yes, No, No, Yes, No, No, Yes, No,

Subject

they

he I

Auxiliary (+ / -) are. are not. aren’t. is. is not. isn’t. am. am not.

a) Yes, they are. They are at the gym right now. b) No, they aren’t. They are English 6. Are you watching a movie? a) Yes, I am. It´s a horror film. b) No, I am not. I am James

Exercises: Write the question correctly/ Escriba la pregunta de manera correcta.

1. They/try/to help/? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. The policeman/ run into/ the bank/? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. You/ do/ the washing-up/? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Your grandmother/ look/ at the birds/? _____________________________________________________________________

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Unit 11 - Telling the time

Here are two common ways of telling the time. /Aquí hay dos formas comunes de decir la hora. Formal but easier way. /Manera Formal pero más fácil. Say the hours first and then the minutes. /Diga primero las horas y después los minutos.

Example: 7:45 = seven forty-five For minutes 01 through 09, you can pronounce the '0' as “oh”. /Para los minutos desde el 01 al 09 se puede pronunciar el ‘0’ como “oh”.

Example: 11:06 - eleven (oh) six

More common way. Manera más común. Say the minutes first and then the hours. Use past and the preceding hour for minutes 01 through 30. Use “to” and the forthcoming hour for minutes 31 through 59. / Diga los minutos primeros y después las horas. Desde los minutos 01 a 30 utilice “past” entre los minutos y la hora. Desde el minuto 31 al 59 utilice “to” entre los minutos y la hora.

Example: 7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven Example: 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight

Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past. /Otra manera de decir '15 minutes past' es decir: “a quarter past”. Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to' is: a quarter to. /Otra manera de decir '15 minutes to' es decir: “a quarter to”.

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Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past' is: half past. /Otra manera de decir '30 minutes past' es decir: “half past”.

Example: 5:30 - half past five Here are some ways to ask. / Aquí hay algunas maneras de preguntar por la hora. What time is it? What’s the time? Do you have the time? Do you know what time it is? Exercises: Write the time in words. More than one way is possible. Escriba la hora en palabras. Mas de una manera es posible.

1. 08:30 = ________________________________ 2. 09:55 = ________________________________ 3. 08:50 = ________________________________ 4. 03:10 = ________________________________ 5. 09:40 = ________________________________ 6. 08:10 = ________________________________ 7. 12:45 = ________________________________ 8. 10:15 = ________________________________ 9. 02:20 = ________________________________ 10. 08:35 = ________________________________ 41

Prepositions of time

Preposition Explanations of time on Days/ weekend (American English). dias /fin de semana (Inglés Americano)

in

at

every

months / seasons / year morning / evening / afternoon period of time. Meses/estaciones del año/años/mañana /tarde/periodos de tiempo Night/ weekend (British English) used to show an exact or a particular time. En la noche/fin de semanas (Inglés Británico)Se usa al hablar de horas exactas Days/ weekend/ months / seasons / year morning / evening / afternoon period of time dias /fin de semana/ Meses/estaciones del año/años/mañana /tarde/periodos de tiempo

From… to… used with a particular time or periods of time. Se usa con horas exactas o periodos de tiempo 42

Example

Many shops don't open on Sundays. What did you do on the weekend? I visited Italy in July, in spring, in 1994 In the evenings, I like to relax. In the summer I always go to the beach.

It gets cold at night. What did you do at the weekend? There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon / at lunch time.

I watch TV every day /morning /night etc,. I go to the beach every year

I work from Monday to Friday I study from 7:00 to 10:00

Exercises: Choose the correct alternative / Seleccione la alternativa correcta. 1. I get up _______6:00. a) at b) on c) in 2. Roxy works _______9:00 to 6:00 a) on b) from c) at 3. Joe takes a shower_______ the morning. a) In b) at c) from 4. They eat dinner _______8:00 a) to b) at c) in 5. I play video games _______ night. a) in

b) on c) at

6. I go to ski_______ winter a) on

b) at

c) in

7. The baby eats breakfast _______8:00 a) at

b) in

c) on

8.The children eat breakfast _______ 7:00 to 8:00 a) on

b) from

c) at

9. Carolina goes to the park _______Saturday. a) In

b) to

c) on

10.Richard plays soccer _______ weekend. a) to

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b) every

c) in

Simple Present The Simple Present is frequently used in English for the following situations / El Presente Simple es usado frecuentemente en inglés en las siguientes situaciones: 1) Repeated actions (every day, always, often, sometimes or never) / Acciones que se repiten. I sometimes drink milk / A veces bebo leche. 2) Things in general / Cosas en general. Trees need water / Los arboles necesitan agua. 3) Fixed arrangements, scheduled events (e.g. timetable) / Horarios establecidos. These airlines fly to London every Monday / Estas aerolíneas vuelan a Londres cada lunes. 4) Sequence of actions in the present (first - then, after that) / Secuencia de acciones en el presente (primero, después, etc.) First I get up, then I have breakfast / Primero me levanto, luego tomo desayuno. 5) Instructions / Instrucciones. Open your books at page 34 / Abran sus libros en la página 34.

Conjugation 1: Con los pronombres I, You, We, They el verbo no cambia de forma y se utiliza el auxiliar do.

Pronoun I …. You …. We …. They ….

Examples: 44

Positive …. have a grey car.

I have a grey car.

Negative

Question

…. don’t have a grey Do …. have a grey car? car.

You don’t have a grey car.

Do they have a grey car?

Conjugation 2: Con los pronombres He, She, It el verbo cambia de forma y se usa el auxiliar does. Pronoun He …. She …. It ….

Examples: Italian?

Positive …. speaks in Italian.

Negative

Question

…. doesn’t speak in Does …. speak in Italian? Italian.

He speaks in Italian. It doesn’t speak in Italian.

Does

she

speak

in

Present Simple - Spelling 1) In verbs ending in s, ss, sh, ch, z, x or verbs ending in -o preceded by a consonant / En verbos terminados en s, ss, sh, ch, z, x; o verbos terminados en -o precedidos por una consonante. We add -es to the infinitive / Agregamos –es al infinitivo. Examples: I watch - he watches I pass - he passes I go - he goes I do - he does

2) In verbs ending in –y / En verbos que terminen en -y Verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u): Add –s / En verbos terminados en – y precedidos por vocal se agrega -s Example I play - he plays

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Verbs ending in 'y' proceeded by a consonant: Change 'y' to 'i' and add 'es' / Verbos terminados en 'y' precedidos de una consonante: Cambiar 'y' por 'i' y agregar 'es' Example I hurry - he hurries

Exercises: I. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Present Simple / Usa los verbos en paréntesis para completar las oraciones. Usa el presente simple.

1. They _________________________ (play) hockey at school. 2. She always _____________________ (miss) the bus. 3. My sister _______________________ (not write) e-mails. 4. I _____________________________ (not like) fish. 5. My daughter often ____________________ (cry) when I comb her hair. 6. Anne ________________________ (have) many hobbies. 7. Andy’s brother _______________________ (work) in an office. 8. Jim and Joe _________________________ (water) the flowers every week. 9. Elizabeth ___________________________ (drink) Coca Cola. 10. We ______________________________ (fly) to Rome every year.

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Adverbs of Frequency These adverbs of frequency can be used in the Simple Present / Estos adverbios de frecuencia se pueden utilizar para el Presente Simple: Always / Siempre Often /A menudo Usually /Usualmente Sometimes / A veces Seldom /Rara vez Never / Nunca Other phrases of time / Otras expresiones de tiempo: Every day / Todos los días. Every week / Cada semana. Every year / Todos los años. On Mondays / El lunes. After school / Después del colegio.

These adverbs go after the verb to be and before the main verb / Estos adverbios se ubican después del verb to be y antes del verbo principal de la oración. EXAMPLE Verb to be: Carlos is always late for work. Main verb: Carlos never has breakfast.

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Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb of frequency in the correct position / Escriba la oración completa usando el adverbio de frecuencia en la posición correcta. 1. He listens to the radio. (Often) _________________________________________________________________________ 2. They read a book every term. (Sometimes) _________________________________________________________________________ 3. Peter gets angry. (Never) _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Tom is very friendly. (Usually) _________________________________________________________________________ 5. I take sugar in my coffee. (Always) _________________________________________________________________________ 6. Ramon and Frank are hungry. (Often) _________________________________________________________________________ 7. My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (Always) _________________________________________________________________________ 8. Mary helps her mother in the kitchen. (Usually) _________________________________________________________________________ 9. My brothers watch TV in the afternoon. (Rarely) _________________________________________________________________________ 10. Christine smokes in the morning. (Never) _________________________________________________________________________

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Action Verbs / Verbos más usados en este nivel Verb name or Infinitive

Present Simple he, she , it

Present Simple I, we , you , they

Meaning

live

live

lives

vivir

be

am/ is/are

is

ser, estar

have

have

has

tener

study

study

studies

estudiar

meet

meet

meets

conocer

eat

eat

eats

comer

chat

chat

chats

chatear

go

go

goes

ir

clean

clean

cleans

limpiar

get up

get up

gets up

levantarse

walk

walk

walks

caminar

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Unit 15 – Future using “going to” To talk about future plans we use going to / Para hablar sobre planes a futuro utilizamos going to. [am/is/are + going to + verb]

Recuerde que am/is/are se conjuga según el pronombre (I/he/she/you/we/they/it).

Examples: • I am going to meet Jane tonight / I’m going to meet Jane tonight (meet) • She is not going to meet Jane tonight / She’s not going to meet Jane tonight (not/meet) • Are you going to meet Jane tonight? (you/meet?)

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Exercises: Complete the sentences using going to and the verbs given. Complete las oraciones usando going to y los verbos dados.

1. She _____________ at home this evening. (stay) 2. They ___________________ the new Tarantino movie tonight. (watch) 3. Amanda _______________ this long weekend. (study) 4. I ________________ lunch with my brother. (have) 5. Billy ________________ a trip to India next month. (not/make) 6. The teacher ______________________ a test tomorrow. (not/do) 7. I ______________________ too much at the party. (not/eat) 8. I _________________ football after class. (not/play) 9. _______________________ the movie on Saturday? (you/see) 10. _______________________ to the conference with you? (he/go)

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Keys/Respuestas Unit 1 Complete with the correct form of the verb to be - am/is/are in the affirmative or negative. Complete con la forma correcta del verbo to be - am/is/are en afirmativo o negativo. 1. Isn’t

6. Are

2. Am

7. Is

3. Aren’t

8. Are

4. Is

9. Are

5. Isn’t

10. Is

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences with the verb to be. Ordena las palabras para crear oraciones con el verbo “to be”. 1. I am twenty five years old. 2. We are not from Venezuela. 3. My name is Antonio and I’m a student. 4. Is this your book? 5. It’s a nice day today. 6. Her brother’s name is Paul. 7. Are you Mr and Mrs Jenkins? 8. My husband's last name is Johansson. 9. There are twelve students in my class. 10. My address is in the email.

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Put in What, Where, Why, When, How into the gaps and form meaningful questions / Complete las preguntas con what, where, why, when, how. 1. What food do you like? 2. What time does Bill get up in the morning? 3. Why don’t you go by bus, Max? 4. Who cooks the food in this restaurant? 5. Which color do you prefer? Red or green? 6. Where do they live? 7. How old is Mike? 8. When is Susan’s birthday? 9. Where are my exercise books? 10. What is your occupation? 11. Who are those people next to David? 12. Who has the most difficult job?

Use the correct subject or personal pronouns. Watch the word in brackets. Completa la frase con el pronombre personal que equivale a la palabra en paréntesis. 1. He is a student. (George) 2. It is white( the board) 3. They are on the wall ( the posters) 4. It is running ( the dog) 5. We are watching TV. ( my mother and I) 6. Are they in the garden? ( the cats) 7. He is riding his bike ( Tom) 8. She is from Bristol ( Victoria) 9. She has got a brother ( Diana) 10. Is she a nurse? (Maria) 53

Write the correct possessive adjectives on the lines/Escribe el correspondiente adjetivo posesivo en cada linea. 1. your 2. her 3. your 4. her 5. our 6. its 7. their 8. my 9. their 10. its

11. our 12. his 13. his 14. her 15. her 16. their 17. their 18. our 19. their 20. our

Circle the correct word/Pon en un círculo la palabra correcta. 1. 2. 3.

Spain French Russia

4. 5. 6.

Germany Japan Greek

Complete the sentences with the corresponding nationality. / Completa las oraciones con la nacionalidad correcta. 1. He’s from Italy, he’s _ITALIAN_. 2. She’s from Germany, she’s ___GERMAN_. 3. They are from China, They’re __CHINESE__. 4. I’m from Spain, I’m ___SPANISH__. 5. We’re from France, we’re ____FRENCH____.

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Write these numbers in words/Escribe estos números en palabras.

1.

4

four

6.

100

a/one hundred

2.

40

forty

7.

33

thirty three

3.

5

five

8.

13

thirteen

4.

15

fifteen

9.

72

seventy two

5.

50

fifty

10.

86

eighty six

Write in figures. /Escribe los siguientes números en cifras.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Two hundred and seventeen: 217 One hundred and seven: 107 Four hundred and forty four: 444 Three hundred and thirteen: 313 Six hundred and thirty: 630 Nine hundred and seventy eight: 978

Unit 2 – There is/are 1. a) is 2. b) are 3. b) are 4. a) is 5. b) are

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6. a) is 7. a) isn’t 8. b) are 9. a) there’s 10. a) there’s

Complete the conversation / Complete la conversación. A: Excuse me, (1) is there a bank near here? B: No, (2) there isn’t. I think (3) there’s one on Fifth Avenue. A: And (4) are there any drugstores? B: Yes, (5) there are. (6) There’s one on the corner of Arthur Street and First Avenue and (7) there are two on Central Avenue. (8) There aren’t any on this street.

Unit 3 – People adjectives Translate the following sentences to Spanish / Traduzca las siguientes oraciones al castellano: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

La mujer es alta y delgada. / The woman is tall and thin. El hombre es viejo. / The man is old. La niña tiene cabello largo. / The girl has long hair. Susana tiene los ojos verdes y el cabello corto./Susana has green eyes and short hair. Mario tiene barba y el cabello crespo. / Mario has a beard and curly hair. Mi hermano es joven pero pelado. / My brother is young but bald.

Possessive ‘S 1. Rosa is David’s mother. 2. Miguel is Sofia’s father. 3. Carmen is Nick’s wife. 4. Joanna is Amanda’s sister. 5. Harry is Susana’s husband. 6. This is Eddie’s bicycle. 7. These are Robert’s photos. 8. This is Jack’s dog. 9. These are Victoria’s pens. 10. Ben’s books are on the table.

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Family Tree There are many possible answers, here are just some / Hay muchas posibilidades de oraciones, aquí solo hay algunas. 1. Brandy is Amy’s daughter. 2. Jason is Brandy’s brother. 3. Ruth is Bill’s sister. 4. Ann is Amy’s mother. 5. Dave is Bill’s father. 6. Vinnie is Amy’s grandmother. 7. Jenny is Jason’s cousin.

Unit 4 – Prepositions of Location 1. under 2. next to/beside 3. above 4. behind

5. on 6. in/inside 7. between 8. in front of

Unit 5 1. Alexander is watching a film. 2. We are playing a computer game. 3. The man is sitting on the grass in the park 4. The dog is barking at the cat. 5. Look! Steve's mother is making a cup of coffee. 6. The teacher is not closing the door. 7. You are not answering the exercise correctly. 8. We are not having a good time. (not have) 9. She does not play the piano very well. (not play)

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Unit 8 – How much …? Write how much, is, are, it’s or they’re / Escriba how much, is, are, it’s o they’re 1. A. How much is the pen? B. It’s $ 5.00 Do you want it? 2. A. Look at those shoes. How much are they? B. They’re $200! It’s very expensive. 3. A. How much are these pants? B. They’re $ 15. It’s very cheap. 4. A How much is this T-shirt ? B. It’s $10. 5. A. How much are these jeans? B. They’re only $ 15.

Unit 9 1. What is the boy wearing? 2. Who is going to Sydney? 3. Where are we carrying the boxes? 4. Where is she getting of the bus? 5. Who is the woman talking to? Yes/no Questions 1. a

4. a

2. b

5. a

3. b

6. a

Write the question correctly/ Escriba la pregunta de manera correcta. 1. Are they trying to help? 2. Is the policeman running into the bank? 3. Are you doing the washing-up? 4. Is your grandmother looking at the birds?

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Unit 11 – Telling the time 1. 08:30 = It’s eight thirty / half-past eight. 2. 09:55 = It’s nine fifty five / five to ten. 3. 08:50 = It’s eight fifty / ten to nine. 4. 03:10 = It’s three ten / ten past three. 5. 09:40 = It’s nine forty / twenty to ten. 6. 08:10 = It’s eight ten / ten past eight. 7. 12:45 = It’s twelve forty five / a quarter to one. 8. 10:15 = It’s ten fifteen / a quarter past ten. 9. 02:20 = It’s two twenty / twenty past two. 10. 08:35 = It’s eight thirty five / twenty five to nine.

Unit 11 - Prepositions of time Choose the correct alternative / Seleccione la alternativa correcta. 1. a) at

6. c) in

2. b) from

7. a) at

3. a) in

8. b) from

4. b) at

9. c) on

5. c) at

10. b) every

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Unit 11 – Simple Present

Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Simple Present / Usa los verbos en paréntesis para completar las oraciones. Usa el presente simple. 1. Play

6. Does/ have

2. Misses

7. Works

3. Doesn’t write

8. Do/ water

4. Don’t like

9. Does /drink

5. Cries

10. Fly

Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb of frequency in the correct position / Escriba la oración completa usando el adverbio de frecuencia en la posición correcta. 1. He often listens to the radio. 2. They sometimes read a book every term. 3. Peter never gets angry. 4. Tom is usually very friendly. 5. I always take sugar in my coffee. 6. Ramon and Frank are often hungry. 7. My grandmother always goes for a walk in the evening. 8. Mary usually helps her mother in the kitchen. 9. My brothers rarely watch TV in the afternoon. 10. Christine never smokes in the morning

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Unit 15 – Going to Complete the sentences using going to and the verbs given. Complete las oraciones usando going to y los verbos dados. 1.

She’s going to stay at home this evening. (stay)

2. They’re going to watch the new Tarantino movie tonight. (watch) 3. Amanda’s going to study this long weekend. (study) 4. I’m going to have lunch with my brother. (have) 5. Billy isn’t going to make a trip to India next month. (not/make) 6. The teacher isn’t going to do a test tomorrow. (not/do) 7. I’m not going to eat too much at the party. (not/eat) 8. I’m not going to play football after class. (not/play) 9. Are you going to see the movie on Saturday? (you/see) 10. Is he going to go to the conference with you? (he/go)

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Referencias bibliográficas Adaptado de Education First. Recuperado de http://www.ef.com/englishresources/english-grammar/simple-present-tense en enero del 2018. Adaptado de ejercicio de ingles.com Recuperado de http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/expresiones-cantidad-ingles-some-any en enero del 2018. Adaptado de Learn English Language. Recuperado de http://www.englishlanguage.com/blog/aprenda-ingles/gramatica/preguntasinformativas en enero del 2018.

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