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• Julian Solari

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Saber clave Recursos para el docente

FÍSICA La energía en el mundo cotidiano y en el universo físico. Energías eléctrica y térmica. Termodinámica. Fabián G. Díaz María Cristina Iglesias Francisco López Arriazu Gabriel D. Serafini

ES

4.º año

FÍSICA

LA ENERGÍA EN EL MUNDO COTIDIANO Y EN EL UNIVERSO FÍSICO. ENERGÍAS ELÉCTRICA Y TÉRMICA. TERMODINÁMICA.

Saber clave

RECURSOS PARA EL DOCENTE FÍSICA. LA ENERGÍA EN EL MUNDO COTIDIANO Y EN EL UNIVERSO FÍSICO. ENERGÍAS ELÉCTRICA Y TÉRMICA. TERMODINÁMICA - Recursos para el docente es una obra colectiva, creada y diseñada en el Departamento Editorial de Ediciones Santillana S. A., bajo la dirección de Graciela Pérez de Lois por el siguiente equipo: Fabián G. Díaz María Cristina Iglesias Francisco López Arriazu Gabriel D. Serafini Editor: Fabián G. Díaz Jefa de edición: Edith Morales Gerencia de gestión editorial: Mónica Pavicich

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Física, la energía en el mundo cotidiano y en el universo físico : recursos para el docente / Fabián G. Díaz ... [et.al.]. - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires : Santillana, 2010. 24 p. ; 28x22 cm. - (Saberes clave) ISBN 978-950-46-2348-9 1. Física. 2. Enseñanza Secundaria. I. Díaz, Fabián G. CDD 540.712

Recursos para la planificación 2

Capítulo

Contenidos

Estrategias didácticas

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Las energías macroscópicas y su aprovechamiento

La energía y los circuitos eléctricos

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3

Recursos para la planificación 4

Capítulo

Contenidos

Estrategias didácticas

7

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8

Los intercambios de energía

La energía y los seres vivos

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Expectativas de logro

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

9

10

Energía, calor y trabajo

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5

Clave de respuestas La esencia de la ciencia

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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

I

La energía en el mundo cotidiano

1

Diferentes formas de energía

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segundo que permanece encendida.

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Páginas 34 y 35 18. -PT
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31.
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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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Página 40 6. &M
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2

Formas utilizables de la energía

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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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Página 51 15. -BT
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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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VO
DPSUF
EF
FOFSHÓB
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NVZ
FYUFOTB
TPCSF
UPEP
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MBT
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DPO
MB
QSPWJTJØO
EF
FMFDUSJDJEBE
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FT
QSVFCB
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EF
MP
RVF
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PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT
RVF
BMFSUBO
TPCSF
MB
EFQFOEFODJB
EF
MBT
QFSTPOBT
EF
MB
QSPWJTJØO
EF
FOFSHÓB
-B
DPNQBSBDJØO
DPO
MP
RVF
TVDFEÓB
IBDF
DJODVFOUB
B×PT
WB
B
NPTUSBS
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NBZPS

Página 63 7.
-B
SFGMFYJØO
EFM
DPNQB×FSP
FT
SB[POBCMF
7FBNPT
QPS
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DVBOEP
DPNFNPT
VOB
QFDIVHB
EF
QPMMP
JODPSQPSBNPT
NBUFSJB
RVF
GPSNBCB
QBSUF
EFM
QPMMP
FM
RVF
B
TV
WF[
MB
PCUVWP
EF
MPT
HSBOPT
MBT
MPNCSJDFT
Z
PUSPT
PSHBOJTNPT
QFRVF×PT
RVF
JOHJSJØ
-PT
HSBOPT
QSPWJFOFO
EF
VOB
QMBOUB
RVF
NFEJBOUF
MB


CJBSTF
MPT
UVCPT
QPS
MBNQBSJUBT
Z
SFQFUJS
UPEPT
MPT
QBTPT

Página 75 13. "VORVF
MB
SFTQVFTUB
B
FTUF
QVOUP
FT
BCJFSUB
FT
FTQFSBCMF
RVF
MPT
BMVNOPT
IBHBO
IJODBQJÏ
FO
RVF
DPNP
BGJSNB
.BY
#PSO
USBT
FM
MBO[BNJFOUP
EF
MBT
CPNCBT
SFTVMUB
JOHFOVP
EFGFOEFS
QPTUVSBT
EFM
UJQP
EF
iMB
DJFODJB
QPS
MB
DJFODJBw
FT
EFDJS
DPODFCJS
VOB
DJFODJB
iQVSBw
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BM
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QBSUJDJQBDJØO
BDUJWB
EF
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Z
UÏDOJDPT
FO
FM
EFTBSSPMMP
EF
BSNBNFOUPT
DBEB
WF[
NÈT
TPGJTUJDBEPT
BQPSUB
BSHVNFOUPT
OVFWPT
B
FTB
BGJSNBDJØO

14. 4F
QSPQPOF
UPNBS
DPOUBDUP
DPO
BNCPT
FTQFDUSPT
EF
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MB
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EF
MBT
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11

Z
BUFOEJCMFT
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TF
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FO
FM
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QBSB
BEPQUBS
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RVF
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EBUPT
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DPO
MB
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EF
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BM
4PM
MF
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NVDIP
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QBSB
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Páginas 76 y 77 15. &OUSF
MBT
GVFOUFT
SFOPWBCMFT
EF
FOFSHÓB
QVFEFO
DJUBSTF
FM
WJFOUP


21. a)

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OVDMFBS
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FT
VOB
GJTJØO
QPSRVF
FM
OÞ-

1 n 0

235 U 92

→

90 Sr 38

+

143 Xe 54

+ 3 ⋅ 01n

d)
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OÞDMFP
EF
FTUSPODJP
UJFOF

QSPUPOFT
Z
FM
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o



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o



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FT

UBOUP
BM
QSJODJQJP
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GJOBM
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MB
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NPNFOUPT
FM
OÞNFSP
EF
DBSHBT
FT


16. a)

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EF
PUSPT
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MB
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MB
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VO
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+

22. a)

-B
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MFF
EF
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NPEP
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17. a)

&M
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TF
SFGJFSF
B
MB
FDVBDJØO
RVF
EFTDSJCF
MB
SFMBDJØO


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TF
DPOWJFSUF
FO
VO
OÞDMFP
EF
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FM
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DBSCPOP
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&M
OÞDMFP
EF
OJUSØHFOP
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DBSHBT
Z
FM
EF
DBSCPOP
 d)
&M
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UPUBM
EF
OVDMFPOFT
FT

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BM
QSJODJQJP
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BM
GJOBM
EF
MB
SFBDDJØO
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EF
DBSHBT
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MB
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TF
MJCFSB
FO
FMMBT

23. -BT
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TPO
NVZ
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E = Δm ⋅ c 2 b)
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FM
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MB
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MB
FOFSHÓB
FT
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MB
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NBZPSÓB
EF
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MB
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MP
UBOUP
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MPT
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WJWPT

24.
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FM
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EF
TFNJEFTJOUFHSBDJØO
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FT
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B
MPT

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NÏUPEP

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FTUB
FNJTJØO
FT
FM
QMVUPOJP
-B
FDVBDJØO
EF
MB
EFTJOUFHSBDJØO
TFSÈ


Np 239 → Pu239 + e−0 1 93 94

18.
&O
FTUF
DBQÓUVMP
TF
FYQMJDØ
RVF
VOB
QBSUF
EF
MB
FOFSHÓB
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FM
4PM
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MB
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Z
FO
HFOFSBM
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TF
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MPT
EJTUJOUPT
GFOØNFOPT
RVF
EFUFSNJOBO
FM
DMJNB
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FTUF
DBTP
MB
FOFSHÓB
TPMBS
JOUFSWJFOF
FO
MPT
DBNCJPT
EF
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BHVB
Z
NVZ
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FM
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MPT
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MVHBS
B
MPT
EJTUJOUPT
UJQPT
EF
QSFDJQJUBDJPOFT

19. 4J
PCTFSWBNPT
FM
DJFMP
WFNPT
RVF
MBT
FTUSFMMBT
CSJMMBO
DPO
EJTUJOUB
JOUFOTJEBE
4JO
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EJGÓDJM
BEWFSUJS
RVF
FTF
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TPMP
EF
MB
MV[
RVF
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FGFDUP
FNJUF
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MB
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MB
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1PS
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VOB
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EF
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P
TFB
RVF
FM
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EF
TV
NBHOJUVE
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TV
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b)
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Z
PSJHJOB
QMVUPOJP
4J
FM
QMVUPOJP
FNJUF
BIPSB
VOB
QBSUÓDVMB


Pu239 → U235 + He 42 , 94 92 se PSJHJOB
VSBOJP


4

Las energías macroscópicas y su aprovechamiento

Página 78 1. $PNP
TF
WFSÈ
FO
FM
UFYUP
EFM
DBQÓUVMP
FTB
FOFSHÓB
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PSJHJOBEB
B
QBSUJS
EF
GFOØNFOPT
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EFTDPNQPTJDJØO
SBEJBDUJWB
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MPT
NBUFSJBMFT
RVF
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FTBT
DBQBT
QSPGVOEBT

20. a) Esa masa enorme que decrece cada segundo, de acuerdo con la FDVBDJØO
EF
&JOTUFJO
TF
USBOTGPSNB
FO
VOB
DBOUJEBE
DPMPTBM
EF
FOFSHÓB
NFEJBOUF
VO
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EF
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OVDMFBS
b)
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TPO
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IJESØHFOP
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TF
GVTJPOØ


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VOPT
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EF
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FMFNFOUP
QSPEVDUP
EF
MB
GVTJØO


MPT
EBUPT
SFTVMUBO
DPIF-

12

2.
&M
BQSPWFDIBNJFOUP
EF
VOB
FOFSHÓB
EF
FTUF
UJQP
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VOB
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RVF
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VO
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BNCJFOUF
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MBT
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P
MBT
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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723




DMFP
EF
VSBOJP

GPSNBEP
QPS
OVNFSPTPT
OFVUSPOFT
Z
QSPUPOFT
iTF
SPNQFw
QBSB
EBS
OÞDMFPT
NÈT
MJWJBOPT
$PNP
QVFEF
apreciarse, la reacción de fisión se inicia cuando el núcleo EF
VSBOJP
BCTPSCF
VO
OFVUSØO
FYUFSOP
b)
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CPMJUBT
B[VMFT
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OFVUSPOFT
Z
MBT
SPKBT
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-B
FDVBDJØO
EFM
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FT

P
FM
4PM
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TPO
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QPS
TV
BCVOEBODJB
P
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TF
PSJHJOBO
FO
QSPDFTPT
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FO
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EF
FOFSHÓB
FO
DBNCJP
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MBT
RVF
TF
BHPUBSÈO
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B
RVF
TF
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FO
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EFNPSBO
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EF
B×PT
FO
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FM
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FM
HBT
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P
FM
NJOFSBM
EF
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FNQMFBEPT
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PCUFOFS
FOFSHÓB
OP
TF
SFHFOFSBO


3.
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MB
GSBTF
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EF
MBT
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GVFOUF
JNQPSUBOUF

Página 93 13. "VORVF
TF
USBUB
EF
VOB
BDUJWJEBE
BCJFSUB
FO
MB
RVF
DBEB
BMVN-

4.
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NVZ
QSPCBCMF
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Z
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Página 80 5.
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TF
FTQFSB
RVF
MPT
BMVNOPT
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Página 81 6.
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Página 91 7. -B
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III eléctrica

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14

5

La energía y los circuitos eléctricos

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Máquina Nº 1

Máquina Nº 2

Máquina N° 3

Máquina N° 4

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La energía

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7

Los intercambios de energía

60 Temperatura (ºC)

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24

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Página 142 1.
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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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8

La energía y los seres vivos

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18

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

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Página 163 5. 4F
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Página 165 7. -B
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Página 167 10. 4F
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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Página 169 11. -BT
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Página 171 12. 1BSB
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La energía y la termodinámica

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OP
TF
FYQFSJNFOUB
FM
GMVKP
EF
DBMPS ε=

22.
&M
PCKFUJWP
EF
MB
BDUJWJEBE
FT
RVF
MPT
BMVNOPT
FODVFOUSFO
TJNJMJUVEFT
Z
EJGFSFODJBT
FOUSF
MB
MFZ
EF
FOGSJBNJFOUP
EF
/FXUPO
Z
MB
JEFB
EF
EFTPSEFO
P
EFHSBEBDJØO
EF
MB
FOFSHÓB


23. "M
BVNFOUBS
MB
FOFSHÓB
EFM
BNCJFOUF
UBNCJÏO
TF
JODSFNFOUB
MB
FOUSPQÓB
&TUP
TF
QVFEF
KVTUJGJDBS
NFEJBOUF
FM
TFHVOEP
QSJODJQJP
EF
MB
UFSNPEJOÈNJDB

DesQFKBOEP
OPT
RVFEB 1 m3 ⋅ 1.013 hpa 2  m3 p 2 = 506,5  hpa p2 =

17. a)

-B
FWPMVDJØO
"
FTUÈ
DPNQVFTUB
QPS
VO
QSPDFTP
JTPNÏUSJDP
Z
PUSP
JTPCÈSJDP

24

24. &TUB
FT
VOB
BDUJWJEBE
BCJFSUB
DVZB
GJOBMJEBE
FT
RVF
MPT
BMVNOPT
QVFEBO
WJODVMBS
MBT
DVFTUJPOFT
SFGFSJEBT
B
MB
HFOFSBDJØO
EF
FOFSHÓB
MB
FOUSPQÓB
Z
MBT
NPEJGJDBDJPOFT
FO
FM
BNCJFOUF

25.
&M
QSPQØTJUP
EF
FTUB
BDUJWJEBE
FT
RVF
MPT
BMVNOPT
QVFEBO
BSHVNFOUBS
BDFSDB
EF
MB
JNQPTJCJMJEBE
EFM
NPWJNJFOUP
QFSQFUVP
EF
BDVFSEP
DPO
MP
RVF
BGJSNB
MB
TFHVOEB
MFZ
EF
MB
UFSNPEJOÈNJDB

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

BVUPNØWJMFT
Z
DPNQBSBS
MPT
EFTBSSPMMPT
UÏDOJDPT
EF
EJGFSFOUFT
ÏQPDBT
SFUPNBOEP
MB
FYQPTJDJØO
IJTUØSJDB
RVF
BCSJØ
FM
DBQÓUVMP
-PT
EJTF×PT
EF
MPT
DVBESPT
Z
MPT
EBUPT
RVF
MPT
BMVNOPT
QVFEBO
PCUFOFS
QVFEFO
TFS
NVZ
WBSJBEPT

Q = ΔU + W