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TENSE OVERVIEW A. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Prezentul simplu se foloseste pentru a vorbi despre actiuni prezente, obisnuite, repetate – actiuni zilnice – S +VI - la persoana a-III-a singular (he, she, it) se adaugă terminaţia –s sau –es . I drink a cup of milk every morning. She drinks a cup of tea every morning. - terminaţia –es se adaugă la sfârşitul verbelor terminate in: -o, -ch, -th, -sh, -ss, -z. She goes to school from Monday to Friday. - Forma interogativa: DO/DOES(III.sing) + V Do you play tennis? Does she play the guitar? - Forma negativa: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + V do + not = don’t does + not = doesn’t No, I don’t play tennis. She doesn’t play the guitar.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Prezentul continuu se foloseşte pentru a vorbi despre acţiuni prezente care sunt in desfăşurare in momentul vorbirii. Nu mai vorbim despre acţiunile obişnuite, repetate exprimate de prezentul simplu. S + TO BE(PREZENT) + V-ing. - TO BE: am, are, is She is reading a book now. - Forma interogativa: TO BE + S + V-ing Is he playing tennis? - Forma negativa: S + TO BE + NOT + V-ing is not = isn’t are not = aren’t No, he isn’t playing tennis. Se foloseşte, de obicei, cu expresii ca „now, at this moment, as we speak, ...”. She is reading a book now. Ea citeşte o carte acum.

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B. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE Folosim trecutul simplu pentru a vorbi despre acţiuni începute şi terminate în trecut. Yesterday I met my friend Jack. Pentru a exprima o acţiune repetată în trecut. Grandma drank three cups of coffee a day. După verbele sau construcţiile wish, as if/as though, if only, would rather, it’s (high) time. I wish I were on holiday now. Forma afirmativă: S + VII I danced at the party yesterday. Forma interogativă: Did + S + VI ? Did Mary tell her father about the party last week? Forma negativă: S + did not + VI. Mother did not buy those trousers last month. 

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Acţiuni care erau în desfăşurare la un moment dat din trecut. I was taking a shower when you came in.  Acţiuni paralele în trecut Sue was peeling potatoes while Andy was cooking the fish.  Acţiuni progresive – care sunt în desfăşurare – de-a lungul unei perioade de timp specificate din trecut. She was shopping between 3 o’clock anf four. Forma afirmativă: S + was/were + V-ing. I was dancing when he came in. Forma interogativă: Was/Were + S + V-ing ? Was Mary doing her homework when you arrived? Forma negativă: S + was/were not + V-ing. Mother was not playing cards.

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C. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Prezentul prefect simplu arată acţiunea începută în trecut şi care fie mai continuă în prezent, fie influenţează momentul prezent. Accentul este pus pe rezultat. Formele I / you / we / they he / she / it

Afirmativ I have spoken. He has spoken.

Negativ I have not spoken. He has not spoken.

Excepţii la adăugarea terminaţiei ‘ed’ Exceptions in spelling when adding ed După e final se adaugă doar i Consoana finală, după vocală accentuată, scurtă, precum şi l final se dublează y final după consoană devine i

Interogativ Have I spoken? Has he spoken? Example love – loved admit – admitted travel – travelled hurry – hurried

Folosirea 

Pune accent pe rezultat: Exemplu: She has written five letters.



Acţiune care încă se desfăşoară: Exemplu: School has not started yet.



Acţiune încheiată recent: Exemplu: She has cooked dinner.



Acţiune încheiată ce influenţează momentul prezent: Exemplu: I have lost my key.



Acţiune ce nu a mai avut loc înainte de momentul vorbirii sau care s-a întâmplat o dată sau de mai multe ori: Exemplu: I have never been to Australia.

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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Arată o acţiune începută în trecut şi care fie s-a terminat recent, fie mai continuă. Pune accent pe durata acţiunii. Formele Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ I / you / we / they I have been speaking. I have not been speaking. Have I been speaking? he / she / it He has been speaking. He has not been speaking. Has he been speaking? Excepţii de ortografiere Excepţii la adăugarea terminaţiei -ing Exemplu e-ul final dispare come – coming (dar: ee nu este schimbat) (dar: agree – agreeing) După o vocală scurtă, accentuată, se dublează consoana finală sit – sitting Consoana finală l este dublată după o vocală (în British English) travel – travelling ie final devine y

lie – lying

Folosirea Prezentului Perfect Continuu 

Pune accent pe durata nu pe rezultatul acţiunii: Exemplu: She has been writing for two hours.



Acţiune recent încheiată sau care încă mai durează: Exemplu: I have been living here since 2001.

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D. PAST PERFECT [had + past participle] Exemple:  

You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York?



You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

Acţiuni începute şi terminate înaintea altor acţiuni trecute

Trecutul perfect arată că o acţiune trecută a avut loc înaintea altei acţiuni trecute. De asemenea poate arăta că un anumit lucru a avut loc înaintea unui moment dat din trecut. Exemple:  

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.



Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.



Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?



She only understood the movie because she had read the book.



Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.



We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.



A: Had you ever visited B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

the

U.S.

before

your

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS [had been + present participle] Exemple:  

You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived? 5

trip

in

2006?



You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

Folosim trecutul perfect continuu pentru a arăta că un lucru a început în trecut şi continuat până la un moment dat din trecut. Putem folosi expresiile "For five minutes" and "for two weeks". Exemple:  

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.



How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?



Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.



James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.



A: How long had you been studying B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

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Turkish

before

you

moved

to

Ankara?

E. FUTURE TENSES 1.a FUTURE SIMPLE (will and be going to) Viitorul simplu are 2 forme în limba engleză: “will” şi „be going to”. Cu toate că aceste două forme se pot substitui una pe alta ele au utilizări diferite.

Formă “Will” (+) S + will + V1  You will help him later.

(?) Will + S + V1?

(-) S + will not + V1

 Will you help him later?  You will not help him later.

Formă “Be Going To” (+) S + am/is/are + going to + V1 (?) am/are/is + S + going to + V1  You are going to meet Jane tonight.

(-) S + am/are/is/ + not + going to + V1

 Are you going to meet Jane tonight?  You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

WILL – se foloseşte pentrua vorbi despre:  

ceea ce vorbitorul face în mod voluntar acţiuni stabilite din viitor



promisiuni

 I will send you the information when I get it.  I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.  I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.  Don't worry, I'll be careful.  I won't tell anyone your secret.

BE GOING TO - se foloseşte pentru a vorbi despre planuri şi intenţia vorbitorului de a face un lucru.  He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.  She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.

1.b FUTURE CONTINUOUS Formă: (+) S + will be + V-ing (?) Will + S + be + V-ing  You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. 7

(-) S + will + not + be + V-ing

 Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?  You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

1. Acţiune în desfăşurare la un moment dat din viitor 

We will be writing at this time tomorrow.

2. Acţiune întreruptă din viitor - o acţiune de durată din viitor va fi întreruptă de una mai scurtă.  I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.  I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.

3. Acţiuni paralele din viitor  Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time. 4. Atmosferă din viitor  When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

2. FUTURE PERFECT Formă: (+) S + will have + V3 (?) Will + S + have + V3? (-) S + will + not + have + V3  You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.  Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?  You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

Acţiune viitoare terminată înaintea unei alte acţiuni viitoare:

 By next November, I will have received my promotion.  By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.

IMPORTANT! - NU SE FOLOSEŞTE VIITOR ÎN PROPOZIŢIA SUBORDONATĂ TEMPORALĂ.

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PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS PRESENT SIMPLE 1. Write the HE/SHE/IT forms catch

read

come

run

cook

smoke

drink

stand

fetch

start

fix

touch

live

watch

miss

wish

rush

write

buy

carry

copy

enjoy

fry

marry

play

study

try

2. Write the verb in the right form 1. Children ................................ (ask) a lot of questions. 2. She .................................. (go) to college on her bike. 3. A lot of birds .............................. (fly) south in the winter. 4. She ..................................... (study) very hard at the weekends. 5. My father .............................. (watch) television most evenings. 6. He ................................... (understand) Arabic. 7. He ........................................ (fight) with his brother. 8. Big dogs............................ (like) a lot of exercise. 9. He’s very naughty – he ............................ (push) other children. 10. Lessons ................................. (start) at 8.35 every morning. 3. Choose one verb to make each sentence negative e.g. It doesn’t snow very often in San Francisco (snow, sing, play) 1. I like football, but I ............................................ cricket at all. (think, like, remember) 2. She lives in Japan, but she ...................................... a word of Japanese (sing, work, speak) 3. I’m sorry – I ................................. your name. (eat, remember, work) 4. He works in New York, but I .................................... what he does. (know, use, come) 5. Mary’s really tired, but she ...................................... to go to bed. (help, want, walk) 6. We .......................................... a big flat – just one bedroom. (work, play, want) 7. Phil ..................................... very hard, but he makes a lot of money. (work, stand, stop) 8. Ann’s parents ................................... I’m the right man for their daughter. (write, read, think) 4. a) Make questions 10. What time / the train / arrive? 1. How / you pronounce / this word? b) Make questions. 2. How / you spell / that? 1. She / live / with her parents? 3. What / this word / mean? 2. You / like / your new job? 4. How much / they cost? 3. I /speak / good Italian? 5. Where / you live? 4. They /work / hard / at university? 6. What / you do? 5. We /usually give/ her a birthday 7. How / you do? present? 8. What time / the plane / leave? 6. Your sister / help / you / very much? 9. What time/ the class / start? 7. Alan /smoke?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS 9

1. Write the –ING FORM of these verbs. Break clean

wash

live

Come

die

enjoy

go

Make

play

sing

jump

Write

start

get

feel

Begin

put

hit

rain

Rob

shop

dream

sleep

Shout

sit

stand

talk

Turn

open

visit

forget

2. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the present continuous tense 1. John and I ...................................... (stay) in a beautiful hotel. 2. Kevin .......................................... (work) at home today. 3. I ...................................... (wait) for a very important letter. 4. You ...................................... (walk) too fast. 5. We ........................................... (plan) our next holiday. 6. The girls ............................................ (visit) their grandmother today. 7. She ....................................... (read) in her bedroom at the moment. 8. The baby ...................................... (learn) how to walk. 3. Rewrite the sentences in the negative. Use the present continuous 1. They .......................................... (buy) a new car. 2. He ............................................... (learn) to read. 3. I .................................................. ( look) for your keys. 4. We ............................................... (sell) the house. 5. They ........................................ (drink) tea. 6. You ....................................... (work) very hard. 7. Jack and Jill ....................................... (run) downhill. 8. I ....................................... (go) home now. 4. A) Write the questions. Use the present b) Make questions. Write the short answer continuous 1. It / rain? 1. What /Jessica / do? 2. You / learn / French / at school? 2. Why / John and Patrick / laugh? 3. I /speak / clearly? 3. What book / you / read? 4. Angela and Fred / dance / together? 4. What / we / watch? 5. The plane / land/ now? 5. Where / they / stay? 6. The Smiths / plan / a party? 6. Why / we / sit in the dark? 7. The children / study / in their bedroon? 7. Where / they / wait? 8. Chris / wave/ at us? 8. What / you / sell?

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PAST TENSE I. Write the following sentences in the Past Tense. Example: The dog (chase) the cat. The dog chased the cat. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The dog (chase) the cat. The cat (climb) the tree quickly. The dog (start) to bark. I (want) to chase the dog away. The dog’s owner (arrive) and (walk) away with it. The cat (look) happy. II. Write the sentences in the negative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday. Jane didn’t clean her room yesterday.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Father watched TV last night. The teacher talked about “Robinson Crusoe” last week. I wanted to read the book. The reporter asked the film star a lot of questions. I walked to my friend’s house two days ago. III. Write the sentences in ex. III in the interrogative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday. Did Jane clean her room yesterday? IV. Put the verbs in the simple past and translate the texts. a) When I (come) home, I (find) that the family had finished dinner. I (sit) down and (eat) mine, which (be) still on the table. I had only just begun when the door-bell (ring). It (be) a friend of mine. I (tell) him to wait until I (finish) eating. My mother (ask) him whether he (like) a cup of coffee. He (say) he would rather read until I (be) ready. b) One day while I (sit) in a café, a man (come) over to my table and (ask) if he may sit down for a few minutes. After we (speak) for some time, we (find) out that we once had met in Europe. He said, "I (arrive) here two weeks ago and I (not make) up my mind whether or not to stay here." " If I (be) you," I said, "I would learn the language as quickly as I (can) and then make a tour of the country. It would be easier then to make up your mind." V. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple. 0 I (finish) finished my book last week. 1 A plane (fly) ________________ over our house. 2 Peter (have) ________________ a sandwich for lunch. 3 The bus (arrive) ________________ two hours late. 4 My sister (make) ________________ a big cake for my birthday. 5 John always (wear) ________________ a uniform to school. 6 Kevin (run) ________________ to school, yesterday. 7 It (begin) ________________ to rain. 8 We (play) ________________ football for hours. 9 My family (go) ________________ to Portugal for a holiday. 10 We (jump) ________________ into the swimming pool. VI. Write statements, negative sentences or questions with used to. 0 you/have/brown hair (question) Did you use to have brown hair? 1 people/use/the computer (negative) ___________________________________ 2 he/go/running (statement) ___________________________________________ 11

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

they/like/painting (question) _________________________________________ your brother/come/by bus (statement) __________________________________ we/drink/coffee (negative) __________________________________________ my mother/speak/Spanish (negative) __________________________________ he/live/in Paris (statement) __________________________________________ Julie/play/football (question) ________________________________________ houses/have/bathrooms indoors (negative) ______________________________ all children/go/to school (question) ____________________________________ VII. Choose the best reply (A-I) for the questions (0-8). Do you know where the theatre is? E A That’s a good idea. What does you boyfriend look like? B It’s interesting, but very noisy. What’s New York like? C It’s near the theatre. Could you tell me the time, please? D It’s nearly four o’clock. Can I help you? E Yes. It’s next to the post office. Do you mind if I sit here? F No thanks, I can do it. Would you like some cake. G Yes, please. Let’s go for some tea. H He’s tall, dark and handsome. Where’s the bus station? I No, not at all. IX. Translate into English. 1. Am cunoscut-o pe verişoara ta în 1988. 2. Când Pater era tânăr, alerga timp de o jumătate de oră în fiecare dimineaţă. 3. Când l-ai văzut ultima dată? 4. Am înţeles atunci cât de mult îşi iubea fratele. 5. Era timpul ca ei să cunoască adevărul. 6. Aş fi de părere să te duci acolo cât mai curând posibil. 7. Mary recită poezii ca şi când ar fi o mare artistă. 8. Ce oraş ai vizitat anul trecut? 9. De-aş şti adresa lui acum. 10. Aş dori să înţelegeţi situaţia aceasta.

PRACTICE I SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS PAST I. Put the verbs in parentheses into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous and translate (Scrie verbul din paranteze la trecut simplu sau continuu şi tradu): 1. The ship (approach) _______________ Cape Town when the tornado (begin) _______________ . 2. The bomb (go) _______________ off when the president (give) _______________ a speech. 3. He (not hear) ________________ the bell because the radio (play) _______________ . 4. When I (get) ________________ home everybody (dance) _______________ . 5. The plane (catch) _______________ fire when it (take) ________________ of. 6. Tim (crash) _______________ into a street light because he (drive) _______________ too fast. II. Turn the following into the interrogative and negative (Transformă următoarele propoziţii în propoziţii interogative şi negative): 1. The children were laughing. 2. The man was waiting. 3. I was translating the text. 4. You were looking at the picture. 5. The girl was coming home. 6. I was learning a poem. 7. The boys were drawing red cars. 8. Mother was making the bed. 9. You were leaving the office. 10. We were buying fresh fruit. III. Translate into English (Tradu în limba engleză): 1. Când am plecat de la poliţie John şi soţia lui încă mai vorbeau cu un poliţist. 2. Ce se întâmpla în casa ta când am trecut pe la tine ieri seară? Am sunat la uşă dar nu mi-a răspuns nimeni, deşi se auzea muzică înăuntru. 12

3. I-am pus această întrebare de câteva ori, dar el nu m-a auzit fiindcă citea ziarul. 4. Eu încă dormeam când a venit stewardesa să ne spunem că trecem peste Himalaya. 5. Nu ne-am dus la teatru ieri deoarece nişte prieteni de-ai noştri veneau pe la ora şapte. IV. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous (Schimbă timpul verbelor din paranteze în trecut simplu sau continuu): 0 For dinner, my sister (eat) ate pizza, but I (have) had soup. 1 My brother (drink) ________________ coffee while he (do) ________________ his homework. 2 He (walk) ________________ into the classroom, then he (sit) ________________ down. 3 While I (study) ________________ , Sue (run) ________________ into the library. 4 When the class (finish) ________________ , the teacher (drive) ________________ home. 5 Harry (sing) _______________ a song when Jane (come) _______________ in. 6 Nothing happened when I (turn on) ________________ the DVD player. 7 It (start) ________________ to rain while I (walk) ________________ to the park. 8 Yuki (listen) ________________ to the radio when the phone (ring) ________________ . 9 The children (go) ________________ the cinema last night. 10 Mr. Jones (find) ________________ some money when he (clean) ________________ the cupboards. V. Read the paragraph. Choose the best tense for each space. Translate. (Citeşte paragraful. Alege cel mai bun timp pentru fiecare spaţiu. Tradu): My grandfather (0) C to the same school as me. He (1) ______ to our school last week to talk to the class about what it (2) ______ like in the old days. He (3) ______ he (4)______ the names of all his teachers. One of them still teaches at the school. He (5) ______ art and music, but now he only teaches music. As he (6) ______ , he (7) ______ us pictures of his school friends. He (8) ______ us that the boys (9) ______ only football, but now we play basketball as well. He thinks things (10) ______ better in the old days. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A goes A comes A was being A said A remembered A is teaching A talks A is showing A told A play A are

B was going B came B is B says B remembers B used to teach B is talking B showed B is telling B were playing B were

C used to go C was coming C was C was saying C was remembering C teaches C was talking C was showing C tells C used to play C used to

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FOLLOW UP PRESENT TENSES I. Completaţi cu forma cea mai potrivită a verbului din paranteze, folosind prezentul continuu sau prezentul simplu: Jack is a teacher. He teaches (teach) at a University. He isn’t teaching (not teach) at the moment, he is on holiday. He is reading (read) a newspaper on the beach. Emma and Ben are brother and sister. Emma ………. (love) Ben and Ben ………. (love) Emma. They usually ………. (play) together, but today Emma ………. (help) her mother to make a cake. It’s Ben’s birthday and he ……….. (have) a party. His father ………. (prepare) the decorations and the games because Ben ……….. (like) to have fun and games at his parties. Ben usually ………. (invite) ten friends, but only nine ………. (come) today. Henry ………. (not come), he ……….. (not feel) well, he has a cold. He often ………. (catch) a cold in winter. II. Tradu în limba engleză folosind prezentul simplu sau continuu după caz: 1. Mă întreb de ce nici băieţelul nici fetiţa nu dorm la această oră. De obicei ei deja dorm la această oră. 2. Copacii înfloresc aşa că grădinile au un miros plăcut. 3. Mereu îmi dă telefon şi îmi pune întrebări stupide. 4. Mă bucur că îţi place cadoul meu. 5. Copii par foarte obosiţi în această dimineaţă. 6. Tata se scoală foarte devreme, dar se bărbiereşte, se spală şi îşi ia micul dejun aşa de încet încât nu auzim nimic.

B I.

Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous.

Dear Aunt Jean, I ....................(just write )to tell you how much I enjoy the money you sent me, and to tell you how I........................( get on )in my first term at university. Actually, I............................... (really enjoy) myself! I.......................... (study) quite hard as well, but at the moment I.................................(spend) a lot of time just making friends. I...................... (still stay) with my friend Sue, and I.......................( look for) somewhere of my own to live. Only a few of the firstyear students.................. (live) in college here, and I............................(seem) to be spending a lot of time travelling backwards and forwards. I....................... (go) to lectures every morning, and most afternoons I....................(study) in the library. In fact I ...............(write) this letter instead of an essay on Hamlet! I........................ (think) I´ll buy some new clothes with the money you sent. Everything ......................(cost) a lot here, and I.......................(save) to buy a winter coat. It...........................(get) really cold here in the evenings. I now........................(know) some other students and generally speaking we......................(have) quite a good time socially! I................ (also learn) to drive. See you soon. Katherine. II. Verbs forms and use: Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms of present simple or continuous. 1. Where.......................these days? In a garage (she / work) 2. ..................................here in summer? Not very often. (it / rain ) 3. ‘Bonjour’. Sorry, I........................................ French. ( not / speak ) 4. Your English.........................................better. Oh, thank you (get) 5. ...........................................................golf? Yes, but not very well (you/play) 14

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Who.........................................to ? My boyfriend (you / write) Where´s Susan?................................ now (she / come ) Well, goodnight....................................to bed. (I / go) Water..................................................... at 100ºC. ( boil) ‘..............................................................?’ not yet (that water / boil) III.. .Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. perform repair (2x) care serve help sell treat build deliver fly play design (2x) teach fight cure administrate a- An architect …………………………………………………houses. b- Builders …………………………………………………………and repair houses. c- A car mechanic ………………………………………………cars. defg-

Dentists …………………………………………………………people´s teeth. A teacher ………………………………………………………lessons to his/her students. Factory workers ……………………………………………manual or industrial labor. An engineer ……………………………………………………or services machines.

h- A DJ ………………………………………………………………music at parties or discos. i- Firefighters ………………………………………………………fires. j-

A lawyer ……………………………………………………………people with legal problems. k- A nurse ………………………………………………………………for the sick or disabled. l- Sales assistants …………………………………………………things in a shop. m- Doctors…………………………………………………………………sick people. n- A pilot …………………………………………………………………planes. o- A postman ……………………………………………………………letters and packages. p- Executives ………………………………………………………………a project, activity or business. q- Waiters …………………………………………………………………food in restaurants. r- A web designer ………………………………………………………web pages. IV. Complete the conversations. Use the Present Continuous of the verbs in brackets. a- A: ………………………………………………… (Donna/speak) Italian to that man? B: Yes, she……………… She ………………………………………………… (learn) it at night school. b- A: ………………………………………………… (you/enjoy) the party? B: Yes, we……………… We ………………………………………………… (have) a great time. 15

c- A: ………………………………………………… (you/do) here? B: I ………………………………………………… (wait) for some friends. d- A: ………………………………………………… (Holly/use) her computer? B: No, she……………… She ………………………………………………… (not do) any work today. e- A: ………………………………………………… (they/watch) the news at the moment? B: No, they………………… They ………………………………………………… (prepare) dinner. V. Look at the pictures. Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets in the Simple Present or Present Continuous. a- It´s 09:00 p.m. Jennifer Robbins ………………………………… (sit) at home. b- She usually …………………………… (report) the news on television, but now she ……………………… (watch) it.

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At work she ………………………………………… (wear) a suit. Now she ………………………………………… (wear) jeans and a T-shirt. She ………………………………………… (drink) a cup of tea. At work she ………………………………………… (drink) bottled water. Jennifer is a newscaster. She ………………………………………… (think) the news is very important. h- She ………………………………………… (love) her job, but at the moment she ……………………………… (enjoy) her day off.

~ focus on simple past ~ A – FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:  When I ___________ (be) in Japan I ___________ (find) everything very different.  Two years ago my parents _________ (buy) a new car.  Last summer Peter ________ (spend) his holidays in a summer camp with his friends. They _________ (go) swimming, they _________ (play) football and golf they _______ (visit) many interesting places.  My sister ________ (get) a good job in a bank.  Susan and her cousins ___________ (come) to Portugal ten years ago. B – COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE PAST SIMPLE (AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE / INTERROGATIVE) OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:  My sister and her husband _________ (come) from Greece.  I __________ (not like) the U2 concert.  My cousin __________ (phone) from France yesterday evening.  On Monday Johann ___________ (go) to school on foot.  (they / leave) ___________ the country last Saturday?  (you / like) _____________ the film?  They _________ (not finish) the homework yesterday.  (she / go) _____________ to the cinema with her parents last night? No, she didn’t. She ___________ (stay) at home. She __________ (get) a cold. 16

 We _________ (go) to Spain by car.  I _____________ (have) a wonderful holiday with my family last July.  (you / travel) _________ to Madrid by car or by plane?  Many years ago it __________ (be) very difficult to live without electricity.  Last year they _______ (buy) a house at the seaside.  I __________ (meet) him the day before yesterday. C – CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:  Mrs. Harris __________ the last train. a) Take b) took c) did take  There ________ many people here last night. a) Was b)were c) wasn’t  He _________ at home with me yesterday evening. a) Were b) was c) be  She ___________with her family on holidays. a) Go b) did go c) went  He ___________ some books and CDs. a) Brought b) bought c) did buy  They __________ their passports at home. a) Leave b) did leave c) left  She ________some interesting photos. a) Take b)taken c) took  It __________ a good present. a) Were b) was c) is  ___________ (she /arrive) home at 5:30? a) Did she arrived b) did she arrive c) arrived D. FILL IN THE MISSING VERBS IN THE TEXT TO FIND OUT A FASCINATING STORY ABOUT YOUR LIFE. YOU SHOULD CHANGE THE VERBS INTO THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN ORDER TO MAKE SENSe agree - smile - ask - stand - fall - shook - lose - be - begin - pour A philosophy professor 1) ………………... before his class and had some items in front of him. First he 2) …………..…. filling a large glass jar with golf balls. The students 3) ………….…. that the jar 4) ……..………..… full. So the professor 5) ….……….……... and picked up a box of small pebbles and poured them into the jar. The pebbles, of course, 6) ……………….….. into the small spaces. Then the professor 7) ………….... a box of sand into the jar, 8) ………….…. it, and the sand completely filled the jar. Then he explained. “The jar represents your life,’ said the professor. ‘The balls are the important things – your family, your religion, your health; if you 9) ……………………. everything else, your life would still be full. The pebbles are the smaller things that matter – your job, your house, your car. The sand represents the trivial things. If you put the sand into the jar first, there is no room for the pebbles or the balls, just like life. Take care of the rocks first- the things that really matter. The rest is just sand.’ One student 10) …………..…. what wine represented. The professor smiled and said:’ Look, what happens!’ then he poured the entire contents of the glasses of wine into the jar and the wine was easily absorbed. ‘Now it’s full’, he said. ‘You know what,’ the professor continued, ‘the moral of the story is simple. No matter how full your life is, there is always room for a glass of wine with a friend.’ 17

PRESENT PERFECT A) Write a suitable sentence using the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE : 1. Ann’s hair was dirty. Now it’s clean. (wash) ……... Ann has washed her hair………… 2. Tom was 80 kg. Now he’s 70. (lose weight) …………………………………………….. 3. Bill played football yesterday. Now he can’t walk; his leg is in plaster. (break) 4. My sister is looking for her pen. (lose) …………………………………………………… 5. Mary is on holiday in France. (go) ……………………………………………………….. 6. Mr. Hill was in Canada last week. He’s back in London now. (be) ……………………… 7. Look! Mrs. Smith has got a lot of packages. (buy) ………………………………………. 8. I can’t eat anything now. (eat too much) …………………………………………………. 9. Mrs. Jenkins is very tired. (clean / house) ………………………………………………… 10. Tony needs a holiday. (work / hard / this year) …………………………………………… B) Use PRESENT PERFECT TENSE after BECAUSE: Example: She can’t go to the party. (catch a cold) She can’t go to the party because she has caught a cold. 1. He can’t walk very fast. (hurt / leg) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I can’t get in. (lose / key) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. I know this story very well. (see the film) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. I can’t post the letter. (not put / stamp / on it) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. He can’t stand up. (eat too much) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. They can’t go on holiday. (not save / money) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. I know him. (meet him before) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. We don’t know how he is. (not hear from him) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. He won’t take a cigarette. (give up smoking) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. She can’t get in. (he / lock the door) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… C) Follow the example and do the same using ALREADY: Example: Bring the milk in, please. - I have ALREADY brought it in. 1. You must find the tickets soon. ………………………………………………………... 2. Turn the radio down, please. ………………………………………………………… 3. Tidy your room. ……………………………………………………….. 4. Could you post the letters, please? ………………………………………………………… 5. Why don’t you see a doctor? ………………………………………………………... 6. You have a bad cough. I think you should stop smoking. 7. Why don’t you clean your shoes? ……………………………………………………….. 8. Brush your teeth, will you? ……………………………………………………….. 9. We have guests today. Shall we make a cake? 18

10. We should invite Mary to the party. ……………………………………………………… D) Follow the example and do the same using YET: Example: She has been in the shop. (buy anything) - She has been in the shop but she hasn’t bought anything YET. 1. I’ve written to them three times. (not reply) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 2. I’ve asked you again and again. (not do it) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 3. I lent him $10 last month. (not give it back) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 4. He lost his pen a week ago. (not find it) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 5. He borrowed my book last year. (not give it back) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 6. She went to New York six months ago. (not return it) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 7. She gave me $2 a week ago. (not return it) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 8. I finished reading my library books a long time ago. (not change them) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 9. She went to the bus-stop half an hour ago. (the bus / not come) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 10. He’s still studying that lesson. (not learn it) ……………………………………………………………………………………………... D) Fill in the blanks with ALREADY or YET: 1. He hasn’t called us ……………………………… . 2. They have ………………………………… sent the letter. 3. John has ……………………………… bought the tickets for the football match. 4. We have ……………………………….. been to Mexico three times. 5. You haven’t visited Tokyo ………………………………… . 6. Has John bought a new car ………………………………….. ? 7. The plane has …………………………… left. 8. Has she done it …………………………….. ? No, not …………………………. . 9. A: Haven’t they arrived ………………………………. ? B: Oh, yes. They have ………………………………… arrived. 10. Hurry up! The class has ……………………………… started. 11. Be careful! They have ………………………………… painted the door. 12. Haven’t you read the book ………………………………. ? E) Put the verbs in the correct tense. Use the SIMPLE PAST or the PRESENT PERFECT: 1. ……………………….. Tim ………………………. (finish) his work yet? 2. ……………………….. he ………………………… (finish) it ywsterday? 3. They ……………………………………. (just / go) out. 4. They ……………………………… (go) out a minute ago. 5. …………………… Ann …………………………. (study) yesterday afternoon? 6. …………………… you …………………………. (send) the letters yet? 7. …………………… she ………………………….. (call) him a week ago? 8. They ………………………………………. (not / see) the film yet. 9. The train ……………………………………………… (just / arrive). 19

10. ………………………. you ……………………………. (ever / be) in a TV studio? 11. …………………… you and Tom ………………………… (enjoy) the party last night? 12. …………………… you ………………………………. (not / finish) school last year? 13. I ………………………………………. (lose) my dictionary. I can’t find it anywhere. 14. His hair looks short. He ………………………………………….. (have) a haircut. 15. When ………………………………………………. (he / give up) smoking? 16. Jane …………………………………….. (buy) her car two weeks ago. 17. My bicycle isn’t here. Somebody ……………………………………………. (take) it. 18. Why ……………………………………… (Jim / not want) to play tennis last Friday? 19. The car looks clean. ……………………….. you ……………………….. (wash) it? 20. When we were on holiday, the weather …………………………… (be) terrible. F ) Rewrite the following sentences twice, using SINCE and FOR: Example: I haven’t seen you. (Christmas / 3 days) a) I haven’t seen you SINCE Christmas. b) I haven’t seen you FOR 3 days. 1. We’ve been here. (an hour / 4 o’clock) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) ………………………………………………………………………… 2. She hasn’t spoken to me. (2 weeks / last week) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) ………………………………………………………………………… 3. They’ve lived in this street. (1970 / a long time) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) ………………………………………………………………………… 4. I haven’t had time to do it. (last Monday / a few days) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) ………………………………………………………………………… 5. We haven’t bought a new one. (ages / many years) a) ………………………………………………………………………… b) …………………………………………………………………………__

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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS A) Use PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE to fill in the blanks: 1. I’m tired, because I …… have been working ………. (work) very hard. 2. He ………………………………………… (write) letters all morning. 3. Catherina is getting fatter because she …………………………………… (eat) too much. 4. My mother ………………………………………….. (peel) the potatoes all afternoon. 5. Cathy …………………………………………… (attend) a cookery course since March. 6. How long …………… you ………………………………………….. (learn) English? 7. Where are my eye-glasses? I …………………………………………….. (look) for them for an hour. 8. Charles ………………………………………………. (escape) from the police for years. 9. How long …………… you ………………………………………… (use) a computer? 10. Elizabeth ………………………………………….. (live) with Mike for three years. 11. She ………………………………………………. (earn) quite a lot of money for the last two years. 12. It …………………………………………………. (rain) fro six hours. B) Use PRESENT PERFECT TENSE or PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS to fill in the blanks: 1. I’ve bought / have been buying a new pair of shoes. 2. Have you finished / Have you been finishing reading that book yet? 3. They’ve eaten / have been eating fruit all afternoon, ever since they came from school. 4. I’ve been reading / have read this book now, so you can have it back. 5. I’ve been writing / have written eight pages already. 6. Your exam paper is completely blank! What have you been doing / have you done? 7. Oh, no! There’s nothing to eat. My sister has been eating / has eaten everything I left in the kitchen. 8. Oh, no! There’s no wine to drink. They have drunk / have been drinking all the wine. 9. No wonder your eyes hurt. You’ve been playing / have played computer games ever since you had your breakfast. 10. I haven’t seen / haven’t been seeing you for ages. 11. God! Hakan has scored / has been scoring. 12. They have danced / have been dancing for an hour. 13. I have been waiting / have waited for you for ages. 14. I’ve finished / ‘ve been finishing my work. 15. I’ve been writing / have written this letter for an hour. 16. He has visited / has been visiting ten museums this week. 17. I’m very tired. Because I have travelled / have been travelling around Istanbul all day. 18. She has found / has been finding a good job. 19. I’m hot because I have been running / have run. 20. I have written / have been writing letters for weeks.

SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE PRESENT PERFECT vs. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS A) Use THE SIMPLE PAST or THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to fill in the blanks: 1. What ………………………………………… (you / learn) since you ……………………. (come) here? How many friends ………………………………………. (you / make)? I hope you ……………………………………... (already / meet) a lot of interesting people. 21

2. Last night my roommate and I ……………………….. (have) some free time, so we ………………………….. (go) to a show. 3. I ………………………………….. (just / have) lunch, but I ……………………………… (not / have) lunch yesterday. 4. Who …………………………………. (write) the play “Hamlet”? 5. How many games …………………………………… (the team / win) so far this season? 6. I don’t know Carol’s husband. I ………………………………………. (never / meet) him. 7. It ………………………………… (rain) a lot last week, but it …………………………… (not / rain) much so far this week. 8. How many letters ……………………………………….. (you / write) since the beginning of the month? 9. When we were on vacation, the weather ……………………………… (be) terrible. 10. In her whole lifetime, Mary …………………………………………… (never / see) snow. 11. I don’t know where Ammy is. ………………………………………….(you / see) her? 12. When I ……………………………. (get) home last night, I ……………………….. (be) very tired and I …………………………… (go) straight to bed. 13. Your car looks very clean. ……………………………………. (you / wash) it? 14. George …………………………………….. (not / be) very well last week. 15. Mr. Clark …………………………… (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. B) Use PRESENT PERFECT TENSE or PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS to fill in the blanks: 1. I’m trying to study. I …………………………………………….. (try) to study for the last hour, but something always seems to interrupt me. I think I’d better go to the library. 2. The children are playing basketball right now. They ……………………………………… (play) for almost two hours. They must be getting tired. 3. The telephone …………………………………………… (ring) four times in the last hour, and each time it has been for my roommate. 4. The telephone …………………………………………… (ring) for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it? 5. It ……………………………………………….. (rain) all day. I wonder when it will stop. 6. We ………………………………………… (have) three accidents so far this week. I wonder how many more we will have if you keep using the tools carelessly. 7. We ……………………………………………………. (live) here since last June. 8. My little son is dirty from head to foot because he ……………………………………… (play) in the mud. 9. What’s the matter? Your eyes are red and puffy. I hope you ……………………………… (not / cry). Oh, now I understand. You …………………………………………….. (peel) some onions. 10. Hello, Rob. I’m happy to see you again. I ……………………………………………….. (not / see) you for weeks. What ……………………. you …………………………… (do) lately? 11. I …………………………………………………. (not / be) able to reach my boss on the phone yet. I ………………………………………………………. (try) for the last twenty minutes, but the line ……………………………………..(be) busy. 12. We …………………………………………. (have) three major snowstorms so far this winter. I wonder how many more we will have. 13. I ………………………………………………… (write) them three times, but I still haven’t received a reply. 14. A: Dr. Harrison is a good teacher. How long ……………… he ……………………. (be) at the university? B: He ………………………………………… (teach) here for almost 25 years. 22

15. A: What are you going to order for dinner? B: Well, I ……………………………………………… (have / not) pizza. So I think, I’ll order that. 16. My uncle …………………………………………………. (paint) the outside of his house for three weeks and he’s still not finished. 17. The Smiths are presently in Tunisia. They ………………………………………. (travel) throughout North Africa since the middle of May. They’ll return home in another month. C) Use THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE or THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS to fill in the blanks: 1. I’m tired. We ………………………………………………. (walk) for over an hour. Let’s stop and rest for a while. 2. The zoo isn’t far from here. I ………………………………………………… (walk) there many times. 3. I …………………………………………………. (write) my friends at least a dozen letters since I left home and come home. 4. Sally is writing a letter to her boyfriend. She ………………………………………. (write) it since she got home from class. It’s going to be a long letter. 5. The telephone …………………………………………….. (ring) four times in the last hour, and each time it has been for my roommate. 6. The telephone ……………………………………………… (ring) for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it? 7. She is 80 and she ………………………………………… (never / read) a book in her life. 8. The secretary is very tired. She ………………………………………………… (type) all morning. 9. Tom is reading a book. He started two hours ago and he is on page 53. He ……………………………………….. (read) for two hours. 10. Hello! I …………………………………………… (clean) the windows. So far I ………………………………………… (clean) five of them and there are two more to do. 11. My grandfather ……………………… (died) 30 years ago. I …………………………….. …………………. (never / meet) him. 12. A: Is your father at home? B: No, I’m afraid he ……………………………………………… (go) out. A: When exactly ………………………………………………… (he / go) out? B: About ten minutes ago. D) Use THE SIMPLE PAST or THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to fill in the blanks: 1. The young man ……………………………… (never / be) to Paris, but he …………….. (read) a book about this city last year. 2. …………………… you …………………… (decide) where to go yet? 3. A: Have some tea, please. B: No, thank you. I …………………………………. (just / have) two cups of tea. 4. Susan …………………………. (do) her homework before 10 o’clock but Jane …………. ……………….. (not /write) a word until now. 5. Her mother ………………………………… (buy) her a pair of new shoes yesterday. 6. The Prime Minister …………………………. (leave) for the USA an hour ago. 7. A: …………….. the plane ……………………. (land)? B: Yes, it ………………………… (land) ten minutes ago. 8. It ………………………………. (not / rain) for a long time. 9. ……………… you ……………… (see) my dog? It ………………………… (run away) this morning. 10. We …………………………. (meet) at a party a long time ago, but I …………………….. (not / see) her since then. 23

11. I ………………………… (see) an interesting book in a bookshop yesterday, but I …………………………… (not / buy) it. 12. My friend …………………………… (fall) from the bicycle because he ……………….… (not / ride) one for ages. 13. His father ………………………………… (die) in 1970, but he ………………………….. (never / visit) his father’s grave since that time. 14. They …………………… (go) to America years ago, but none of them …………………... (come) back since then. 15. A: …………….. you ……………….. (speak) to an Englishman? B: Yes, I …………………….. (have) a short conversation with one last night. 16. A: ………………. you ever ………………….. (be) to Tatilya? B: Yes, I ………………………. (go) there two years ago. 17. A: ………………. you ……………….. (see) Jane recently? B: No, I ……………………………. (see) her for a long time. E) Rewrite the sentences using SIMPLE PAST or PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: 1. I haven’t seen her for a long time. It’s ages since I saw her………………………………………… 2. I last met George two weeks ago. I haven’t ………………………………………………………… 3. They have been here for three months. They arrived …………………………………………………….. 4. We started living in Istanbul 12 years ago. We have …………………………………………………………. 5. I last saw my girlfriend five days ago. I haven’t …………………………………………………………. 6. Is this the first time you have tasted a kivi? ………………… (not) you ………………………. one before? 7. I last smoked a cigarette ten years ago. I haven’t ………………………………………………………….. 8. I last drank wine two weeks ago. It’s two weeks ……………………………………………………. wine. 9. I have lived in Istanbul since January. I …………………………………………………………………… (come) 10. They moved to Ankara two years ago. They ……………………………………………………………. two years. 11. She hasn’t been to Rome before. This is the first time ………………………………………………

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PRESENT SIMPLE vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ~ multiple choice quiz ~ 1 John __________ at this moment. Arrive Arrives are arriving is arriving John always __________ on time 2 for meetings. Arrive Arrives are arriving is arriving Barbara usually __________ 3 dinner for her husband after work. Cook Cooks are cooking is cooking This week Barbara is away on 4 business so Tom __________ dinner for himself. Cook Cooks are cooking is cooking 5

Drive Drives are driving is driving 7

My parents normally __________ breakfast at 7:00 a.m. Eat Eats are eating is eating

At the moment my parents are on 8 vacation, so they __________ breakfast much later. Eat Eats are eating is eating My husband and his 9 colleague__________ golf right now. Play Plays are playing is playing

Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work together every day. Drive Drives are driving is driving

My husband and his colleague 10 __________ golf whenever they are not too busy. Play Plays are playing is playing

Today Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work separately 6 because Mr. Parsons has to go to a meeting at another branch. 11. I ________ you're crazy! A. ? think B. ? am thinking

12. You won't find Jerry at home right now. He ________ in the library. 25

a. ? studies b. ? is studying 13. I ________ lunch in the cafeteria every day. a. ? have b. ? am having 14. Don't give Jan any cheese. She ________ it! a. ? hates b. ? is hating 15. Once a week, I ________ to an art class at the college. a. ? go b. ? am going 16. Marie-Claude isn't a Canadian. I ________ she comes from France. a. ? believe b. ? am believing 17. It ________ quite hard — perhaps we shouldn't go out tonight. a. ? snows b. ? is snowing 18. Salman is rich — he ________ a Mercedes. a. drives b. ? is driving 19. I ________ to Toronto next Thursday. Do you want to come? a. ? go b. ? am going 20. Look! Junko ________ into the water. a. ? jumps b. ? is jumping 21) A: What ................ ? B: He's an engineer. a. is your father doing b. is your father do c. does your father do d. does your father doing 22) Why ................... sunglasses? It's cloudy today. a. do you wear b. are you wearing

c. do you wearing d. are you wear 23) A: How often .................... to the cinema? B: About once a month. a. do you go b. are you going c. are you go d. do you going 24) ............... a really good book at the moment. a. I read b. I'm reading c. I reading 25) He................... an iphone, an ipad and a computer. He's so lucky! a. is having b. have c. has 26) Bill ................... really hard at the moment because his company has just received a big order from China. a. works b. is working c. is work 27) It ............. a lot in La Spezia in winter. a. rains b. rain c. is raining 28) A: Where's John? B: He's in the bathroom. He ............... a shower. a. has b. is having c. is making d. is doing 29) A: What ........................ ? B: I'm looking for my glasses. a. are you doing b. do you do c. you are doing 30) A: ..................... the party? B: Yes, very much, thank you. a. Are you enjoying b. Do you enjoy c. Are you enjoy d. Do you enjoying

PAST SIMPLE vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ~ multiple choice quiz ~ 26

1.

b. c. d. 2. a. b. c. d. 3. a. b. c. d. 4. a. b. c. d. 5. a. b. c. d. 6. a. b. c. d. 7. a. b. c. d.

We ............... (go) to the park when a strange man ................. (ask) us for money. a. went / asked were going / was asking were going / asked went / was going My father ................. (read) a newspaper while his friends ................. (prepare) dinner. was reading / were preparing read / prepared was reading / prepared read / was preparing Peter ................. (get) up, ................. (eat) breakfast and .................. (go) to work. was getting / was eating / was going got / was eating / went got / ate / was going got / ate / went When Jane ................. (wash) her hair, her neighbour ................. (come) in. was washing / was coming washed / was coming was washing / came washed / came Susan ................. (break) her leg while she ................. (ski). was breaking / was skiing broke / was skiing broke / skied was breaking / was skiing I ................. (meet) my wife when I ................. (do) shopping in Auchan. met / did met / was doing was meeting / did was meeting / was doing My sister ................. (do) her homework and then she ................. (tidy) her room. did / tidied was doing / tidyed did / was tidying was doing / was tidying

8. a. b. c. d. 9. a. b. c. d. 10. a. b. c. d. 11. a. b. c. d. 12. a. b. c. d. 13. a. b. c. d. 14. a. b. c. d. 15. a. b. c. 27

While the children ................. (sing) their teacher ................. (play) the piano. sang / played sang / was playing were singing / was playing was singing / played When Tim ................. (tell) a story the other pupils ................. (whistle). told / were whistling was telling / whistled told / whistled was telling / were whistling Harry ................. (play) computer games when he ................. (hear) a strange noise. played / heard was playing / was hearing was playing / hear was playing / heard They ................. (break) a pot while they ................. (water) the flowers. broke / were watering broke / watered was breaking / was watering was breaking / watered The wind ................. (blow) when Peter ................. (see) an owl on a tree. blew / was seeing was blowing / was seeing was blowing / saw blew / saw David’s baby ................. (start) to cry when it ................. (see) an old lady. was begining / was seeing began / saw began / was seeing was begining / saw My mother ................. (have) a shower when the lights ................. (go) out. was having / went had / went had / were going was having / were going It ................. (start) to rain when we ................. (play) tennis. was starting / were playing was starting / played was starting / plaied

d. 16. a. b. c. d. 17. a. b. c. d. 18. a. b. c. d. 19. a. b. c. d. 20.

a. b. c.

started / were playing He ................. (sit) down, ................. (take) a pen and paper and ................... (write) a letter. sat / took / wrote sat / took / was writing was sitting / took /was writing sat / was taking / was writing The students ................. (write) a test when Tim ................. (drop) his pen. wrote / was dropping were writing / was dropping were writing / dropped wrote / dropped Sam ................. (watch) TV while Bruce ................. (eat) a sandwich. was watching / was eating watched / ate was watching / ate watched / was eating Martin and Eve ................. (take) photos when a strange object ................. (appear) in the sky. took / appeared took / was appearing were taking / appeared were taking / was appearing Kim ................. (visit) two museums, ................. (drink) a bottle of mineral water and ................. (drive) away. visited / drank / was driving visited / drank / drove was visiting / was drinking / was driving

d.

was visiting / drank/ was driving 21. When I saw Dave, he __________. is working worked was working 22. You had a good time at the party, __________ you? hadn't didn't weren't 23. __________ when the telephone rang? Were you sleeping Did you sleep Were sleeping 24. Dave, when __________ the ESL Cafe on the Web? were you begin began did you begin 25. You __________ me, did you? understood weren't understanding didn't understand 26. When __________ yesterday morning? you got up did you get up were you getting up 27. While I __________ to work, I saw an accident. drove was driving did drive 28. __________ well on this quiz? Did you Were you Did you do

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~ focus on past tenses ~ A- Write “When” or “While”! 1.I was reading a book ........................................ suddenly I heard a noise. 2. ................................. Rose was cooking dinner, her husband went to work. 3. ................................ Sandra and Kathy were talking in the living-room,the doorbell rang. 4.Ben was playing in a basketball team ................................. he was a kid. 5. Sharon came home ................................... her brother was playing video games. 6. ................................... Angela got home, mom was making some coffee. 7. They were sleeping ........................................... the burglars broke in. 8. We were having a lesson ........................................ we heard a terrrible noise. 9. ...................................... I was cycling, the rain started. 10. He broke his arm ....................................... he was playing basketball. B- Write the correct form of the verbs! 1-She met him while she ___________________(travel) on a train. 2-While the woman was getting off the bus, she_______________(fall down). 3-The thief ___________________(break) into while we were sleeping. 4-John took a photo while I ____________________(not/look). 5-While my mum was working in the garden , she _______________(hurt) her back. 6-We were living in Madrid when our old aunt________________(die). 7-When I got up this morning, it _________________(rain) heavily. 8- While my dad was brushing his teeth, my mum _______________ (fall asleep). 9- I had a nightmare while I ___________________(sleep) last night. 10- What happened in your dream while a monster ___________________(chase) you? C- Write the correct form of the verbs! 1- I _______________(study) History when my friends__________________ (come) around. 2- While Susan_______________(walk) in the street, she ____________(meet) an old friend. 3- Her baby_________________ (wake) up while she __________________(clean) the house. 4- He __________________ (work) when her wife _______________________(phone) him. 5- The students ______________(have) a test when the storm ____________(start). 6- We ______________(see) a falling star while we ________________(go) fishing in the lake. 7- Susan______________(fall) down while she ___________________(climb) the ladder. 8- I ___________________(walk) along the road when I_____________(see) you with her. 9- Tom _______________(burn)his hand while he _________________(cook)the dinner. 10- Dady _______________(fall) asleep while he __________________(read) a book. D - Present Simple or Present Continuous OR Past Simple or Past Continuous 1. Water ______________ (not/boil) at 0 degrees- it ____________ (boil) at 100. 2. When Chuck Norris _______________ (run) after a bad guy, he always ______________ (catch) him. 3. While Chuck ____________________ (eat) dinner, he ________________ (load) his gun. 4. Every day Chuck _______________ (get up) at 7 o’clock- he ____________ (not/get up) at noon. He has missions to accomplish. 29

5. Why _______ you __________ (call) me 20 times yesterday? _________ you ___________ (realize) that my phone __________________ (not/work)? 6. I can’t stand Justin. He always ________________ (throw) things in class. 7. Right now our English teacher _________________(talk) to us about the past continuous and the whole class ________________(sleep)- they _______________ (not/listen) to her. 8. Look! Chuck Norris is outside and he ____________ (walk) by our school! 9. In 1850 nobody ______________ (play) Minecraft. There ____________ (not/be) any computer games then and worst of all- there ___________ (not/be) any TV! 10. After school I usually ____________ (watch) TV to relax and then I ___________ (do) my homework. 11. This week my handball team __________________ (practice) three times instead of two. We _________________ (play) against the Halandri team on Saturday. 12. Chuck Norris ____________ (drive) his Lotus very fast when a giant monster ____________ (appear) in front of him. He __________ (stop) in time. 13. Sorry, Mrs. Crabtree, I _____________ (not/find) my English homework. I think I ____________(leave) it at my friend’s house last night. 14. Chuck Norris ___________(not/believe) in ghosts. He ___________ (think) they _________ (not/exist). 15. My parents ________ (not/let) me go to the Lady Gaga concert last month. They ___________(think) that the tickets ___________ (cost) too much money. 16. Radio announcer says: Pele ___________ (pass) the ball to Ronaldo and he _________ (kick the ball to Messi who ____________ (make) a goal. 17. As Chuck Norris _____________ (draw) his gun out of the holster, the robber _________(panic) and __________(run) away. 18. Everyone __________ be) scared of Chuck Norris. You can say that again. 19. Chuck Norris ___________ (hate) robbers and killers. He ___________ (not/need) even a gun to frighten them away. 20. Yesterday Chuck Norris _________ (become) the winner of the strongest man in the world. Task 6 - Write the verbs in brackets into Past continuous tense. 1.- At 10,30 am Richard ………… (train) with his team for the football match. 2.- Sheila ……….. (fly) to Barcelona and she …………. (read) a magazine. 3.-My team …………… (lose) the match so I was very sad. 4.-The housekeeper ……………. (organize) the bedrooms. 5.-The two friends ……………… (finish) the Maths project. 6.-The manager …………….. (talk) to the customer. 7.-Johnny …………..…..(wear) an elegant grey suit and a blue tie. 8.-Miriam ………………… (shout) and I ……………. (cry) 9.-The photographers …………… (take) good photos of the event. 10.-The top model ……………….. (present) a creation by Chanel. 11.- A woman ……………. (explain) the pictures at the museum. 12.-Interpol …………….. (look )for the criminals. 13.-The famous painter …………… (give) an interview on TV. 14.-Barbara …………………(relax) in a sea resort. 15.-My sister ……………… (paint) her nails in the bathroom. 16.-The maid ………………... (polish) the silverware. 30

17.-The girls ……………… (rehearse) the play. 18.-The cat ……………….. (run) after the mouse. 19.-The footballer ……………….. (kick) the football. 20.- The policeman ………………… (question) the suspect at the police station. 20.- Michael ……………….. (not tell) the truth to me. 21 .-Yolanda ……………… (not listen) to what I ……………… (say) 22.-The man …………… (try) to start the car. 23.-He ………………. (get) furious and exhausted. 24.-The parrot ………………… (sit) on the pirate’s shoulder. 25.-Liana ……………… (share) the limousine with some friends. 26.-They ……………….. (celebrate) her wedding anniversary. 27.-Alex …………………. (design) some cool handbags.

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TENSE FOLLOW UP A. Choose the present perfect or past simple: 1. I _________________ (see) three police cars this morning (it’s still morning). 2. After he _________________ (arrive) home, he _________________ (unpack) and _________________ (go) to bed early. 3. A: What’s wrong? B: I _________________ (break) a glass! 4. My grandparents only _________________ (know) each other for a few months before they _________________ (get) married. 5. I _________________ (be) in London for three years. I love it here. 6. We _________________ (see) Julie last night. 7. He _________________ (be) a teacher before he _________________ (become) a musician. 8. When the boss _________________ (walk) into the room, we _________________ (know) someone was going to get fired. 9. The children _________________ (break) a window in the school last week. 10. He _________________ (see) that film last year. 11. Lucy _________________ (break) her leg, so she can’t come skiing. 12. Julie _________________ (arrive)! Come and say hello! 13. They _________________ (be) cold when they _________________ (arrive) home. 14. Jack _________________ (break) his arm when he _________________ (fall) off a horse in 2005. 15. I _________________ (know) about the problem for months, but I _________________ (not / find) a solution yet. 16. A: When _________________ (you / arrive)? B: At 10pm last night. 17. She _________________ (be) a teacher for ten years, and she still enjoys it. 18. How long _________________ (you / know) Jill? I know you see her often. 19. I _________________ (see) the sea before. 20. A: Hello B: Hi Mum, it’s me. I just wanted to say I _________________ (arrive) safely and everything is fine. Q1 - He ..... there when he was a child have finished has lived finished lived Q9 - Look- someone ....... their handbag in the Q2 - I ........ her since last year room haven't seen left didn't see has left Q3 - They ......... a few minutes ago Q10 - ............ to Rome? left Did you ever go have left Have you ever been Q4 - She .......... unemployed since she left Q11 - I can't get into my house because I ........ school my keys has not been lost was not have lost Q5 - They ....... the contract last week Q12 - Nobody ....... the phone when it rang finalised answered have finalised has answered Q6 - The film .......... yet Q13 - I ......... up smoking last year hasn't started gave didn't start have given Q7 - She ........ ill since Thursday Q14 - You can't see her because she ......... home was has gone has been went Q8 - I ........ the project last night Q15 - ............... to the United States? 32

Did you ever go Have you ever been Q16 - I never ......... my grandmother as she died before I was born knew have known Q17 - It's the first time I ........ caviar ate have eaten Q18 - The first time we ......... was just the other day spoke have spoken Q19 - It stinks in here; someone ........... smoking was has been Q20 - He's in hospital because he ............. leg has broken his broke his Q21 - I've known her since we ......... at school together were have been Q22 - It's ages since we ........ spoke have spoken Q23 - It's been ages since we ........ from Dave have heard heard Q24 - The last time I saw Fran ........ ages ago was has been Q25 - I ........ from her lately haven't heard didn't hear Q26 - I just ........ the time to go to the cinema recently didn't have haven't had Q27 - I ........ just Meg and Brian at the party have seen saw Q28 - I ........ busy for the past fortnight was have been Q29 - She ......... away for the last two weeks has been was Q30 - ......... to the concert on Friday? Did you go Have you been

Q31 - This is the first time I ........ here have been was Q32 - I ....... them since my schooldays have known knew Q33 - He ......... yet hasn't arrived didn't arrive Q34 - They ........... the contract yet didn't sign haven't signed Q35 - The newspaper ......... very successful lately hasn't been wasn't Q36 - He ...... during the war died has died Q37 - I ......... breakfast before leaving home this morning haven't had didn't have Q38 - I ....... a taxi so I came on the bus haven't found didn't find Q39 - John's nervous because he .......... such a difficult test before has never taken never took Q40 - My stereo ....... working last night stopped has stopped Q41 - Two people ....... at the game on Saturday were arrested have been arrested Q42 - I .......... a holiday for ages didn't have haven't had Q43 - We ....... out on Saturday night haven't gone didn't go Q44 - I ....... it last week bought have bought Q45 - She hasn't ........ here for ages been gone Q46 - I .......... to water-ski in 1993 learnt have learnt 33

Q47 - She ....... an absolute fortune last year Q50 - I ...... the dog for a walk because it was has earned raining earned haven't taken Q48 - The weather ....... dreadful for the whole didn't take two weeks we were there Q51 - I ........... the exam in time yesterday was only just finished has been have only just finished Q49 - No one ...... to do it yet Q52 - The weather ..... dreadful at the weekend has managed has been managed was B. Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous 1. ___________________ (you / buy) your train ticket yet? 2. The kitchen is a complete mess! What ___________________ (the children / do)? 3. Julie ___________________ (learn) to drive for six years! 4. Amanda ___________________ (already / have) lunch, so she’ll meet us later. 5. How much coffee ___________________ (she / drink) this morning? 6. Simon ___________________ (write) three books. 7. I ___________________ (do) everything I needed to do today! Hurray! 8. It ___________________ (not / rain) all summer, so the garden is dead. 9. I ___________________ (read) your book. Here it is, thank you. 10. She ___________________ (forget) how to get to my house. 11. I ___________________ (work) in the garden all day and I need a rest. 12. She ___________________ (make) three cakes. They look delicious! 13. David feels great these days. He ___________________ (get) up early lately. 14. We ___________________ (always / hate) rush hour traffic. 15. Recently, I ___________________ (study) a lot. My exams are in a few weeks. 16. We ___________________ (write) this book for months and months. 17. I ___________________ (always / love) chocolate. 18. I ___________________ (want) to go back to university for a long time. 19. What’s that delicious smell? ___________________ (you / cook)? 20. I ___________________ (watch) seven films this week!

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C. Present Simple & Present Continuous Match the statements.(A to J) with (1 to 10) A. What do you do? B. What are you doing? C. Where do you work? D. Does your brother plays the guitar? E. Where are you working? F. Is your daughter playing the piano? G. What language does she speak? H. What language is she speaking? I. Who drinks Champagne? J. Who's drinking Champagne?

1. Actually, that's the radio. 2. I'm trying to fix this machine. 3. I'm a journalist for The Times. 4. I'm in Portsmouth this month. 5. In an international company in Brighton. 6. It sounds like Spanish to me! 7. Me - Can I have some more? 8. Spanish, she's from Barcelona. 9. I would like to, but it's too expensive! 10. No, the piano.

Choose the best answer. 1. Gareth thinks / is thinking about his ex-girlfriend all the time. 2. Where do you go / are you going tomorrow? 3. Sandra is not liking / doesn't like milk in her tea. 4. My neighbour plays / is playing tennis twice a week. 5. Is your husband listening / Does your husband listen to the radio when he gets up? 6. I'm so tired I want / 'm wanting to go to bed right now. 7. What are you doing ? I 'm opening / open the windows. 8. What does she do ? She works / She's working as a nurse in a hospital in London. 9. Where is the teacher? Don't worry, he's coming / he comes . 10. I work / 'm working late most Mondays. Use the right tense: Present Simple or Present Continuous. A Trekking Journal November 12th, 2006 Today is the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted and my legs _______________ (shake); I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet _______________ (hurt) me and my toes _______________ (bleed), but I _______________ (want) to continue. Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have so much to learn. Everything is so different, and I _______________ (try) to adapt to the new way of life here. I _______________ (learn) a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I _______________ (not learn) foreign languages quickly. Although I _______________ (not understand) much yet, I believe that I _______________ (improve). Now, I _______________ (travel) with David, a student from York University. He is a nice guy, but impatient. He always _______________ (walk) ahead of me and _______________ (complain) that I am too slow. I _______________ (do) my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than me. Right now, David _______________ (sit) with the owner of the inn. They _______________ (discuss) the differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I_______________ (not know) the real name of the owner, but everybody calls him Tam. Tam _______________ (speak) English very well and he _______________ (try) to teach David some words in Nepali. Every time Tam _______________ (say) a new word, David _______________ (try) to repeat it. Unfortunately, David also seems to have difficulty learning foreign languages.... D. Translation Exercises a.Translate into English: 1. Copiii se joacă în parc în fiecare zi. 2. Duminica trecută am scris câteva scrisori, apoi am ascultat un concert la radio. 3. De când eşti aici? Am venit azi dimineaţă şi de atunci te aştept. 35

4. - De ce nu porţi ochelarii? – I-am pierdut. 5. Prietenii noştri nu vor veni în vacanţă la noi. 6. Acest băiet, care s-a născut acum, e nepotul meu. Pentru că să vedeţi domniile voastre: eu am avut şase fete, dintre care cea mai mare, pe care mă gândeam s-o mărit după ginere-meu, după ce va fi ieşit dascăl, s-a măritat după dascălul din Strântea, a doua s-a măritat după Mitrea lui Buduc, care acum e ctitor la biserică, pe a treia a luat-o ginere-meu, popa din Clădeni, cele două mai mici iată-le aici, iară Mili s-a măritat după ginere-meu, protopopul, şi a născut pe acest copil, care acum e nepotul meu. (Ioan Slavici – Budulea Taichii) b. Using the verbs to declare, to proclaim, to pronounce and to state, translate the following sentences into English: a. S.U.A. a declarat război Iugoslaviei. b. Vă declar soţ şi soţie. c. Vă rugăm să declaraţi tot ce ştiţi şi să nu ascundeţi nimic. d. În urma numărării voturilor el a fost declarat preşedinte. e. A fost declarat cel mai bun jucător al turneului. f. Vom declara poziţia noastră presei după pronunţarea sentinţei. g. Aveţi bunuri de declarat la vamă? h. Mă declar cu totul împotriva acestei acţiuni. i. Vreţi să faceţi o declaraţie acum sau după ce v-aţi consultat avocatul? j. Faimoasa Declaraţie de Independenţă a Statelor Unite ale Americii a fost proclamată pe 4 iulie 1776. c. Translate the following sentences, using the following verbs and phrasals: to account for, to elucidate, to explain, to expound, to interpret. 1. Încearcă să-i explici, sigur va înţelege. 2. Asta explică de ce n-au venit la timp. 3. Adaugă şi o notă explicativă la scrisoare. 4. Teoria aceasta trebuie să fie explicată în detaliu pentru a fi înţeleasă corect. 5. E o neînţelegere care se cere explicată cât de curând. 6. Explică acest pasaj în mod personal! 7. Va trebui să te explici! 8. Oboseala nu explică totul! 9. Mâine va ţine o prelegere şi îşi va explica doctrina. 10. Adaugă un comentariu la lucrare, acesta va explica sensul întregii acţiuni. d.Translate into English the following sentences, using the verbs to notice, to observe, to perceive and to remark. 1. Am observat imediat toate schimbările din cameră. 2. A observat cineva că am întârziat? 3. Nici nu am observat când a venit tata. 4. Ai făcut o observaţie cam obraznică. 5. Observă-l cu multă atenţie, să vezi ce face. 6. Nu observ să fie vreo diferenţă între desene. 7. L-am observat de mult, fii liniştit. 8. Am observat o uşoară ezitare în răspunsul ei. 9. L-am observat imediat în acel grup zgomotos. 10. Am observat că nu mai purta inelul de logodnă.

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THE NOUN 1. Numarul substantivelor Numarul substantivelor reprezinta forma pe care o ia un substantiv pentru a arata ca ne referim la unul sau mai multe obiecte sau fiinte. Singularul este forma de baza a unui substantiv: dog, girl, wife, world, storm (furtuna) Pluralul regulat al substantivelor se formeaza prin adaugarea unui s la forma de singular: - Ex.: cat+s = cats (pisici), day+s = days (zile), world+s = worlds (lumi) Pluralul substantivelor teminate în: ch, o, sh, s, x; se formeaza adaugând es la singular: - Ex.: church+es = churches (biserici), bush+es = bushes (tufisuri), class+es = classes (clase), potato+es = potatoes (cartofi),box+es = boxes (cutii) Pluralul neregulat: Sunt unele substantive care formeaza forma de plural neregulata.  Substantive terminate în consoana+y formeaza pluralul cu ies: Ex.: company - companies (companii), factory - factories (fabrici), baby babies (bebelusi)  Unele substantive terminate în o fac plural prin adaugarea unui s: Ex.: soprano - sopranos (soprane), piano - pianos (piane), photo - photos (fotografii)  Unele substantive terminate în f sau fe vor avea la plural schimbarea în ves: Ex.: leaf - leaves (frunze), half - halves (jumatati), wife - wives, life - lives (vieti), self - selves (insine), wolf - wolves (lupi) Exceptii: roof - roofs (acoperisuri), handkerchief - handkerchiefs (batiste), gulf - gulfs (golfuri, prapastii), wharf - wharfs/ wharves (debarcadere)  Câteva substantive formeaza pluralul prin schimbarea unei vocale interne: Ex.: foot - feet (picioare [talpa]), man - men (barbati), tooth - teeth (dinti)  Pluralul substantivului child (copil) este children. (copii).  Unele substantive ramân la fel si pentru plural: Ex.: aircraft (avion, avioane), deer (caprioara, caprioare), series (serie, serii), sheep (oaie, oi), species (specie, specii), fish (peste, pesti) Pluralul substantivelor compuse În cazul substantivelor compuse numai ultimul cuvânt va trece la plural. Ex.: boy-friends (iubiti), break-ins (spargeri), travel agents (agentii de turism) Exceptii: substantivele compuse al caror prim element este man sau woman vor forma pluralul pentru ambele substantive componente. Ex.: men drivers (soferi), women teachers (profesoare), men servants (servitori) În cazul substantivelor compuse formate din constructii de genul substantiv + prepozitie / adverb + substantiv, doar substantivul de baza va primi semnul pluralului. Ex.: sisters-in-law, passers-by, men-of-war, hangers-on, lookers-on, runners-up Abrevierile sau initialele vor forma pluralul prin adaugarea unui s: Ex.: MPs (Members of Parliament), VIPs (very important persons) 2. Substantivele unice (uncountable nouns) Substantivele unice sunt cele care in engleza nu se numara (uncountable) deoarece reprezinta unicate sau obiecte puternic individualizate, ori notiuni abstracte. 37

Nume de substante - bread (paine), coffee (cafea), gold (aur), pepper (piper), glass (sticla), oil (ulei, petrol), stone (piatra), wood (lemn). Abstractiuni - earth (pamant), paradise (paradis), nature (natura), the present (prezentul), advice (sfat), death (moarte), help (ajutor), information (informatie), news (stire), beauty (frumusete), experience (experienta), knowledge (cunoastere), friendship (prietenie), theory (teorie), literature (literatura). Alte substantive - baggage (bagaj), damage (dauna), shopping (cumparaturi), reading (citire), luggage (bagaje), parking (parcare), weather (vreme). 3. Forma posesiva Pentru a exprima posesiunea unui substantiv, se foloseste Forma posesiva a substantivului, care se formeaza in diferite moduri. - La forma de singular a substantivelor care nu se termina în s se adauga 's : Ex.: a child's voice (vocea unui copil), the people's choice (alegerea oamenilor), a dog's mouth (gura unui caine), women's clothes (haine de /pt. femei) - Cu formele de plural ale substantivelor care se termina în s se foloseste doar apostroful (') : Ex.: a boys' school (o scoala de baieti), the sisters' house (casa surorilor) - Numele proprii terminate în s vor primi fie doar apostrof ('), fie 's : Ex.: Mr Jones's / Mr Jones' car (masina domnului John), Yeats's / Yeats' poems (poeziile lui Yeats) - În cazul substantivelor compuse si a titlurilor, ultimul cuvânt va primi 's : Ex.: My father-in-law's guitar (chithara socrului meu), Henry the Eighth's wife (a opta sotie a lui Henry) - 's se foloseste si dupa initiale sau abrevieri: Ex.: The CEO's assistant (asistentii CEO), the PM's speech (discursul de /a lui PM) Forma posesiva se foloseste în general când vorbim de oameni, animale, tari. Se foloseste si în urmatoarele cazuri: a) În expresii temporale: Ex.: yesterday's newspaper (ziarul de ieri), in five years' time (in timp de 5 ani), ten minutes' break (pauza de zece minute) b) În expresii construite dupa modelul bani + worth of (bani + in valoare de): Ex.: ten dollars' worth of bananas (banane de zece dolari), a shilling's worth of stamps (timbre in valoare de un siling) c) În alte expresii uzuale, cum ar fi: Ex.: for heaven's sake (pentru Dumnezeu), a winter's day (o zi de iarna), the water's edge (marginea apei), the plane's wings (aripi de avion), the train's departure (statia de tren) ~ practice time ~ PLURAL OF NOUNS 1. My grandparents ____ eleven children. are has have is 2. The Evans have four _____, two boys and two girls. childs childrens children child 38

3. Three or four ____ are sitting on chairs. man mans men mens 4. Mrs Brown is speaking to three or four ____. women woman wimin wamen waman e is brought to you by www.nonstopenglish.com 5. There ___ many people in the park. is have has can are 6. ____ people have only two children. A An Any Many Much 7. In some countries you can have more ____. wieves wife wifes wiffes wives 8. These people ____ a nice house. wants is have has can 9. One man - two ____. man mean men min mine 10. ____ shoes cost too much. That These This Those 11. ____ there any tea in the cup? Many Is How Do Are 12. One fish - two ____. fisch fisches fish fishes COUNTABLE vs. UNCOUNTABLE 1. He did not need _____. lot of helps many helps much help 2. How _____ did they need?

much helpings

much helps

much sands much sandes much sand many sands many sandes 3. How _____ did he eat? big chocolate many chocolate much chocholate much chocholates much chocolate 4. How _____ do you want? very tea much teas much tea many teas many tea 5. There weren't _____ at the meeting. many woman many women many womens much woman much women 6. So _____ came that we ran out of food. much people many persons many person many peoples many people 7. Don't talk too _____. lot many much much thing very 8. I do not have _____. many work many works much work much works much works 9. He hasn't got _____ as a teacher. much experiences much experience many experiences many experience a lot of experiences 10. We did not make _____. much mistakes much mistake many mistook many mistakes many mistake 11. It was not _____ to live with him. much funs much funny much funnies much fun many funs 12. This company doesn't have _____. much machinery much machineries much machiner many machineries lot of machineries 39

a

13. Not _____ like maths. many children many childrens many childs much children much childrens 14. There was _____ at meeting on Friday. a lot of fusses many fuss many fusses much fuss much fusses 15. How _____ do you have? much sheeps much sheep many sheeps many sheep big sheeps 16. How _____ do you have? a lot of luggages many luggage many luggages much luggage much luggages 17. I haven't read _____ about World War II. much informations much information many informations many information lot of informations 18. We haven't got _____ this week. lot of homeworks many homework many homeworks much homework much homeworks 19. This company does not need _____. lot of machine many machine many machines much machine much machines 20. He did not give me _____. much advices much advice many advices many advice a lot of advices

~ THE NOUN – follow up ~ 1. Explicaţi de ce s-a transformat sau nu s-a transformat y la următoarele substantive plurale: baby – babies, key – keys, butterfly – butterflies 2. Traduceţi în limba română: The sheep is a mild animal. Our sheep are in the mountains now. Where are your children?

The child begins to speak. The geese are near the lake. Our kids like the mice in the cartoons.

3. Puneţi substantivele din paranteză la numărul plural: There are hundreds of (book) .................. on the (shelf) .................. All his (toy) ............... are in his room. Those (man)................. are (tourist)....................... (Child) ........................... like (story) ......................... (Leaf) .................... fall in autumn. There are lots of (goose) ....................... on that farm. Did you buy any (potato) ..................... yesterday? Those (woman) .................... are (housewife) ......................... There are some (mouse) ................... in the barn. 4. Treceţi la plural următoarele substantive: class, month, piano, deer, advice, information, hobby, money, map, furniture, box. 40

5. Care sunt corespondentele feminine ale următoarelor substantive masculine? son, nephew, uncle, father, friend, brother, boy, student, husband, man, king. 6. Vorbiţi despre familia dumneavoastră în cel puţin zece propoziţii. Includeţi şi cuvintele: uncle, aunt, cousin, sister, mother, father, grandmother, grandfather. 7. Formulaţi propoziţii cu substantive la genitiv, conform modelului: John has got a book. This is John’s book. My neighbour has got a car. Lily has got a doll. Dick has got a new bicycle. My cousin has got a new toy. Mister White has got an umbrella. Lawrence and Paul have got an electric train. Peter has got a bicycle and Mary has got a bicycle too.

41

~ Follow up 2 ~ A. Write the correct plural form. 1. Man ___________ 2. Hero ___________ 3. Ox ___________ 4. Fox ___________ 5. Knife ___________ 6. Table ___________ 7. Horse ___________ 8. Dish ___________ 9. Day ___________ 10. Child ___________ 11. Tomato ___________ 12. Person ___________ 13. Computer ___________

14. Mouse ___________ 15. Wife ___________ 16. Baby ___________ 17. Door ___________ 18. Sandwich ___________ 19. Briefcase ___________ 20. Thesis ___________ 21. Cactus ___________ 22. Dictionary ___________ 23. Book ___________ 24. Foot ___________ 25. Class ___________

B. Change into the plural. 1-A child under twelve is not allowed to see this film. 2-A man is looking at the film poster. 3-This baby has got one tooth. 4-This actress is really beautiful. 5-That actor usually dresses as a cowboy. 6-A sheriff saw the thief. 7-There is only one wolf on the prairie. 8-This woman owns a ranch in the Farwest. 9- A buffalo is drinking water from the lake. 10-A famous person’s life is an interesting piece of news. 11-The book is on the table. 12-A man is picking up a leaf. 13-This piano is very expensive. 14-That knife was used by the thief. 15. There is only one shelf in his bedroom. C. Write the noun in the correct form (singular or plural):

Tweet, tweet, tweet. My bird alarm _________ (clock) woke me up gently. I opened my big brown _________(eye) and smiled. Catch those ___________(dimple) in my _________ (cheek). I always wake up with a __________ (smile). Hey, I’m Bernie Bridges. Why shouldn’t I smile? I had no ________(idea) today was the _______ (day) it would all start. No _____ (idea) that today would lead to the Biggest Pie Battle in the history of the __________ (school) – maybe the __________(world). How could I know? I was still half-asleep. I raised my _________(head). I could hear the other guys in my _________ (dorm) rushing out to the Dining Hall to get _____________ (breakfast). 42

Hey, am I going to hurry? No way. I settled back on my feather ___________(pillow) and smiled some more. I knew my faithful ____________(friend) Belzer would bring my ______________ (breakfast) in _________(bed) every _____________(morning). Good __________(kid), Belzer. I sat up and stretched. “Bernie, you’ve got it made!” I told myself. I talk to myself a lot. I mean, who else understands pure __________(genius)? I put on my __________(glasses). _____________ (sunlight) poured through my ___________ (window). The ____________(curtain) fluttered in a cool _____________ (breeze). I gazed at my favourite _____________(poster) on the __________ (wall), the big ______________ (poster) of ME. You probably go __________ (home) every ___________ (day) after____________ (school). Poor _________(sucker). My ______________ (parent) travel all the ________(time). So they sent me to the Rotten School, my __________ (home) away from ______________ (home). It’s a _________________________ (boarding school), see. That means I get to live in a ____________ (dorm) with my _____________(friend). No _____________ (parent). How cool is that? Actually, we live in an old ____________ (house) called Rotten House. A whole __________ (bunch) of my fourth- and fifth-grade friends live on my __________ (floor). We claimed the third __________ (floor) because it’s good for dropping water______________( balloon) out the ______________ (window). Mrs. Heinie is our _____________________ (dorm mother). She’s really nice, but she has a_____________( job) to do. That means she’s always snooping around, sniffing in ____________ (corner), keeping an _________(eye) on us. Mrs. Heinie is also our fourth-grade core ________________(teacher). She has her own _______________ (apartment) in the _______________(attic).

43

THE ENGLISH PRONOUN Q1 - Explain it again _____, please.

Me & To Me Q2 - She sent a letter _____.

us to us

them to them

Q3 - He told a joke _____.

Q4 - He sent ____ a letter.

them to them

me to me

Q5 - He warned ____ about it.

Q6 - Post it _____ as soon as you can, please.

us to us

me to me

Q7 - Ayed recommended it ____.

Q8 - He wrote _____ a very rude letter.

me to me

me to me

Q9 - She wrote a nice letter_____.

Q10 - Listen ____.

me to me

me to me

Q1 - I hurt ____ playing football.

Object Pronoun or Reflexive Pronoun? Q2 - She hurt ____.

me myself

him himself

Q3 - I cut ____ shaving.

Q4 - Do you mind if I take ____ home now?

me myself

me myself

Q5 - I helped ____ to some food.

Q6 - I wanted to do it ____.

me myself

me myself

Q7 - He's so ill he can't dress ____.

Q8 - She took it upon ____ to organize everything.

him himself

her herself

Q9 - The decision is fine by ____.

Q10 - He helped ____ do it.

me myself

me myself

Q1 - It's ____ party. my mine

Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns Q2 - He hurt ____. his himself

44

Q3 - She did it ____.

Q4 - He took it from ____ room.

hers herself

my myself Either could be used here.

Q5 - I didn't believe ____ story.

Q6 - I saw it with ____ own eyes.

her hers

my mine myself

Q7 - No one would help us, so we had to do it ____.

Q8 - Someone took it while ___ were asleep.

us ourself ourselves

ourselves we

Q9 - He'll just have to do it ____.

Q10 - It's not ____ problem.

him himself

our ours

Q11 - I don't think it's____.

Q12 - Be careful or you'll hurt ____!

mine my myself

yourself yourselves Either could be used here.

Q13 - It's ____ not mine.

Q14 - She didn't do ____ best.

her hers herself

her hers herself

Q1 - Give that to ____.

Pronouns Q2 - Did she see ___?

I me

us we

Q3 - Did you phone ____?

Q4 - I took it from ____.

she her

they them

herself Q5 - It's not up to ____.

Q6 - My sister and ____ went there.

we us

I me

Q7 - Between you and ____, I think it's a stupid idea. Q8 - ____ is the white one. I me

Mine My

45

Q9 - What did ____ say about it?

Q10 - They said ____ had to pay for it.

them they

us we

Q11 - I told ____ to be here at three o'clock.

Q12 - What did ____ want?

he him

her she

Q13 - Tell ____ what happened.

Q14 - If ____ have time, it should be OK.

I me

us we

Q15 - It's got nothing to do with ____.

Q16 - I took ____ both.

you and me you and I

it they its them

Q1 - I saw ____.

Subject and Object Pronouns Q2 - Give it to ____.

her she

they them

Q3 - She kissed ____.

Q4 - He took ____.

he him

it them Either could be used here.

Q5 - Did anyone see ____?

Q6 - _____ arrived on time.

us we Either could be used here.

Them They Either could be used here.

Q7 - What did ____ say?

Q8 - She's faster than ____ am.

her she Either could be used here

me I

Q9 - I saw you and ____ there.

Q10 - Between you and ____, I really didn't like it.

she her

me I

Q11 - My brother and ____ went there.

Q12 - He gave it to me and ____.

I we me

she her

46

Q1 - It took ____ an hour to get to work.

They, Them, Their & Theirs Q2 - You take our books and I'll take ____.

they them

their theirs

Q3 - I am angry with both of ____.

Q4 - Do you know ____?

they their them

they them

Q5 - Are ____ coming?

Q6 - It was very kind of ____ to help.

they their

they their them

         

        

Q7 - Did ____ speak to you?

Q8 - Did you speak to ____?

they them

they them

Q9 - Have ____ been invited?

Q10 - Ask ____.

they their them

them they

Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns. 1. Does _____ (her, she) know that _____ (me, I) was absent? 2. Please tell _____ ( he, him) _____ (I, me) have obtained a degree in Chemistry. 3. I remember that _____ (they, them) bought the fruits from _____ (we, us). 4. Please don't tell ______ (she, her) about _____ (I, me). 5. _____ can swim because _____ has webbed feet. 6. I met Alice yesterday. _____ invited _____ to her house. 7. Jane has a cat; _____ likes to play with _____. 8. When the dog chased John, _____ ran as fast as _____ could. 9. My uncle works in a factory. _____ says _____ is a noisy place. 10. The teacher said to the class, "When _____ finished your work, please pass _____ up to me." Fill each blank with a suitable Reflexive Pronoun. 1. He rewarded _____ with an ice-cream. 2. They agreed amongst _____ that they would not tell anyone. 3. I taught _____ to draw. 4. You must explain _____ more clearly. 5. He has a bad temper so he must learn to control _____. 6. We thoroughly enjoyed _____ at the party on Sunday. 7. That monkey is scratching _____. 8. One must defend _____ against bullies. 9. My brother and I bought _____ some apples. 47

          

10. She cooks for _____ every day. Fill in the blanks with ‘which, ‘who', ‘whom' and ‘whose'. 1. The boy, _____ father is a doctor, is my best friend. 2. This is not something _____ we like to do. 3. That man, _____ left leg was amputated, suffers from diabetes. 4. The thief, _____ they caught, was sent to the prison. 5. Our friends, _____ we invited to the party, arrived rather early. 6. The girl, _____ broke the mirror, was scolded by her mother. 7. That is my uncle, _____ car was stolen. 8. That woman, _____ you saw, was my auntie. 9. Kangaroos, _____ use their pouch to carry their babies, are found in Australia. 10. The policeman, ______ caught the thief, is a very brave man. Possessive Adjective vs. Possessive Pronoun A Fill out the correct possessive adjective! 1. I have a bike. It's bike. 2. Mum and I have a boat. It's boat. 3. The horse has an apple. It's apple. 4. John and Max have a skateboard. It's skateboard. 6. You have a dog. It's dog. 7. Max and you have a dad. It's dad. B - Fill out the correct possessive pronoun! 1. I have a dog. That dog is ! 2. She has a cat. That cat is ! 3. We have a car. That car is ! 4. They have a bike. That bike is ! 5. He has a key. That key is ! 6. You have a hat. That hat is ! C. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding pronoun or adjective form. - Sheila is an English girl. ………….. is walking with Peter and talking to ……………. - Ann and James are speaking to ………………… teachers, because ……………… have some questions for ………………………. - Jack's friends are in classs. These books are ………………. - We have a very light classroom; ………………………… classroom is on the second floor. - Claire has two dogs; …………………… dogs like playing very much. - How old are …………………………. ? I am 15 years old. - Can I borrow …………………… rubber? Yes, here ……………….. are. - That bike over there is …………………………. .

48

~ Follow up ~ The indefinite pronoun Complete the sentences. Choose one of the words in the box everybody everything everywhere 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

somebody something somewhere

anybody anything anywhere

This bag is empty, there isn’t _______________ in it. I’m lonely. I have ____________________ to talk to. I lost my watch. I’ve looked for it _______________. She said ______________, but I didn’t understand her. Did you go _______________ interesting for your vacation? I like the people here. ________________ is very friendly. ’What are you doing here? ’ ’I’m waiting for _______________.’ It’s a secret. Don’t tell _________________. We don’t go out very much, because there’s ____________________ to go. ’How much does it cost to visit the museum?’ ’__________________. Why?’ They live __________________ in the south of France. It’s a nice hotel. It’s comfortable and _________________ is clean.

Complete the sentences. Choose one of the words in the box 1. Ken never uses his car. He goes _________________ by motorcycle. 2. I’m bored. I don’t have _____________________ to do. 3. Tom lives ________________ near Toronto. 4. I’m looking for my glasses. I can’t find them _________________. 5. ’What did you have to eat?’ ’________________. I wasn’t hungry. ’ 6. I don’t like this place. There’s _____________ to go. 7. Let’s have dinner. _________________ is hungry. 8. I want _______________ to read. I’m going to buy a magazine. 9. The house is empty. _________________ lives there. 10. You’re right. _______________ you say is true. 11. ’Do you know ______________ in Tokyo?’ ’Yes, I have a few friends there.’ 12.______________ broke the window. Complete the sentences. Choose one of the words in the box 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

You can have a shower. There’s ________________ in the bathroom. Jack has a bad memory. He can’t remember __________________. Their house is full of books. There are books __________________. ’What’s in that suitcase?’ ’_______________ It’s empty. ’ Stay at home. Don’t go __________________. Do you have ________________ you need? Dan has gone ______________. He didn’t tell anyone where he was going.

8. The tank is almost empty. There’s _______________ a station near here. 49

nobody nothing nowhere

9. ’What’s wrong?’ ’I have __________________ in my eye.’ 10. Tim doesn’t have _________________ to help him. 11. ’Do you know Bob?’ ’Yes, __________________ knows him. ’ 12.There’s ______________ at the door. Can you go and see who it is?

~ Revision 1~ 1. Change the underlined words by personal pronouns: 1. Alice is my best friend. 2. John and Nick are planting trees now. 3. Liz and I helped our mum in the kitchen. 4. The dog is barking at the cat. 5. Tom will call me tomorrow. 6. My mother is cooking dinner at the moment. 7. The boys were running in the park. 2. Choose the correct possessive adjective: 1. My/me brother is a dentist. 2. Kate took his/her doll from the shelf. 3. We water the flowers in their/our garden. 4. Pam has taken her/your keys. 5. They showed their/our new car. 6. This is my/her sister. Her/my name is Liz. 7. Tim’s got a new CD. It is our/his CD. 3. Circle the correct pronoun: 1. Sam is talking to her/she. 2. I’m looking for they/them. 3. Pam is looking at me/my. 4. Bob is sending an SMS to her/she. 5. I don’t know him/his. 6. We like watching it/its. 7. Put they/them on the table, please. 4. Fill in the correct possessive pronoun: 1. My books. The books are ____. 2. His photos. The photos are ____. 3. Our letters. The letters are ____. 4. Your test. The test is ____. 5. Their CDs. The CDs are ____. 6. My pet. The pet is ____. 7. Her lessons. The lessons are __. 5. Choose the correct reflexive pronoun: 1. She cooks dinner ____. 2. I like to do it ____. 3. He does his homework ___. 4. We write it ____. 5. They cleaned the rooms ____. 6. She eats soup ____. 7. I wash my hair _____. 6. Correct the mistakes: 1. John is ours friend. 2. Pam is me best friend. 3. He gave mine an interesting book. 50

8. Tim sends me SMS every day. 9. These books are very interesting. 10. Kate gave me a beautiful picture. 11. Ann and Sally wrote a letter yesterday. 12. Pam and I went to the zoo. 13. The girls are knitting now. 8. Sam has got a dog. Its/it’s name is Boss. 9. You’ve got a car. It is his/your car. 10. Nick’s got a mobile. It is her/his mobile. 11. We’ve got a pet. It is their/our pet. 12. I put my/her book on the table. 13. You’ve got a new job. It’s her/your job. 14. I’ve got a bike. It’s my/his bike. 8. You’re going with us/we. 9. He is going to show I/me his collection. 10. Can you help him/he? 11. He is teaching maths to we/us. 12. I’m looking at they/them. 13. I can lend money to her/she. 14. We are waiting for you/your. 8. Our flag. The flag is ____. 9. Her shoes. The shoes are ____. 10. My flowers. The flowers are _. __ 11. Your bird. The bird is ____. 12. Their lecture. The lecture is _. 13. His mobile. The mobile is ___. 14. Our cake. The cake is ____. 8. He made a report ____. 9. I sent a letter _____. 10. We watered the trees ____. 11. They bought the tickets ___. 12. He cuts the bushes ____. 13. I knit everything ____. 14. You drew this picture ____.

4. Look! This book is me. 5. She writes letters myself. 6. Look at him pet. It is nice. 7. This is my friend. Him name is Tim. 8. Me father’s name is David. 9. We drew this picture themselves. 10. I saw his yesterday. 11. Please, show my your photo. 12. Her plays tennis every day. 13. I’ll give his my phone number. 14. They are waiting for our.

51

PRACTICE I a. Present perfect simple I. Write the participle forms of the following verbs. 1. shut → 2. spend → 3. give → II. Complete the table in present perfect simple. positive Negative We have chatted. The lesson has not started.

4. teach → 5. sell → question

Have we won? She has turned around. They have not arrived. III. Write sentences in present perfect simple. 1. we / reach / our goal 2. our team / lose / the match 3. she / underline / the word 4. they / not / discover / the treasure 5. Ron / not / talk / about the problem IV. Write questions in present perfect simple. 1. you / knock / at the door 2. the teacher / mark / the tests 3. she / buy / a new computer 4. they / rescue / the girl 5. Brad / wear / a blue shirt V. Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence. 1. They have seen him at the library. 2. Robby Robber has robbed another bank. 3. Bill has ordered three desserts. 4. Clara has repeated the sentence five times. 5. Jane has asked a question. -

b. Present perfect continuous I. Write the ing-form of the following verbs. 1. cry → 3. lie → 2. prepare → 4. win → II. Choose the correct form: have or has and since or for. 1. Emma been learning English five years. 2. My friends been living here 2003. 3. I been waiting for Danny 20 minutes. 4. Ross and Gavin been travelling around Australia 5. Carol been exercising in the gym 2 o'clock. III. Write sentences in present perfect progressive. 1. Kevin / read → 2. you / TV / watch / all day → 3. Paul / to the radio / listen / not → 4. the men / cards / play → 5. the girls / cycle / not → IV. Write questions in present perfect progressive. 1. Carol / shout → 52

six weeks.

1. I'm I___________ all day. d) have went 2. very youhungry. / dance → a) 3. didn't eat / run → 6. How's your Mum? I _________ her for ages. Kevin b) haven't ate a) had seen 4. they / on the phone / talk / how long → c) haven’t eaten b) haven't seen 5. these books / lie / on the floor / how long → d) have been eating c) haven't been seeing 2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. d) didn't see They ________ completely ________ it. 7. You're covered in paint! Prezent Perfect Prezent What Perfect__________ Continuu you __________? a) have been Simpluredecorating b) have redecorated havesau cursul acţiunii done Accent pe rezultat Accent pe a) durata c) already redecorated Acţiune din trecut înspre prezent b) were doing d) didn't redecorated c) did do Acţiune terminată dar care influenţează prezentul 3. Our kitchen’s a mess. d) have been doing I. Pune verbele la prezent perfect simplu sau continuu şi tradu: We_______ any cleaning for weeks. 8. She’s gone to the doctor's. a) 1. didn't do ____________________________ football forShe too well lately. I (play) five ______________________ years. b) 2. haven't been (win doing a) matches hasn't felt My team / only) __________________________ two so far. c) 3. haveThe done b) hasn't been feeling others (be / always) _____________________________ better. d) haven't done c) has felt 4. Are we not there yet? We (walk) ________________________________for hours. 4. I think they are dating. d) doesn't feel 5. But we (cover / only) area of five miles so far. They______________ a lot___________________________________an of each other recently. 9. Where have you been? I__________________ for ages. 6. I (finish/just) ______________________________my homework. a) had seen a) have waited I (work) ________________________________ on this b) essay since two o'clock. b) 7. haven't been seeing waited c) 8. haveJane been(go seeing out) ______________________________ withc)Bob for seven years. was waiting d) 9. haveMartin seen (date) ___________________________ three girls this week. d) have been waiting 5. We've discovered great café and 10. How long (waitthis / you) __________________________ for Ius? 10. have to write an essay. I_____ about half of it so far. we__________ there a lot. Robin: I think the waiter (forget) ________________________ us. We (wait) ________________________ here for a) have written a) have been going over half an hour and nobody (take) _________________________________ our order yet. b) have been writing b) have gone Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) _________________________________by us at least twenty times. He c) wrote c) are going d) have to write probably thinks we (order, already) ______________________________________________________________.

c. Diferenţa dintre prezent perfect simplu şi continuu

~ FOLLOW UP ~

Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) _____________________ here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food. A. Fill in with just, we already, yet not) ________________________________ yet! We (sit) Michele: He for, mustsince, realize (order, 1.My son went to the supermarket but he hasn’t come back ……. _______________________________________________here for over half an hour staring at him. 2.Leonard has ……….. made his bed but he hasn’t called his girlfriend Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) _____________________us. He (run)……. ____________________________ 3.inorders Morocco fromMiriam table tohas tablelived taking and ……………… serving food. she was ten years old. 4.We have ………….. newnot) teacher at the high school. Michele: That's true, andmet he the (look, _____________________________________ in our direction once. 5.- The waiter has ………. brought me some coffee and biscuits. II. Alege varianta corectă şi tradu: 6.-Have they visited London ………? No, they haven’t …………. gone there. 7.-That man has ............ come late again. His boss is very angry with him. 8.-Has the girl lived in France ……….. five years? Yes, she arrived five years ago. 9.-The plane has flown ………. twelve hours. 10.-The businessman has worked in the same office ……… he was twenty-five years old. 11.-There has been many accidents on this road ………… last year. 12.-John has performed the same play ……….. a long time. 13.- The woman hasn’t sold her car ………., but she wants to sell it. 14.- I have known my boyfriend ……………….. we were at primary school. B. Choose the correct option. 1 I have / has already finished my homework. 2 My son have / has just started the university. 3 The Black family have / has gone to the seaside. 4 Dad haven’t / hasn’t watered the plants. 5 Have / Has Sam ever been to the USA? 6 Our English teachers have / has never ridden a horse. 7 Ann, Frank and Jim have / has bought a new house. 53

8 Have / Has you taken the dog for a walk? 9 The weather have / has been terrible since yesterday. C. Are these sentences correct () or not ()? Correct the incorrect ones. 1 Clara hasn’t just done her homework. 2 They have lived here since 2006. 3 I have just saw a great film on TV. 4 My English teacher has just missed the bus. 5 Have you ever gone to Italy? 6 Mum have already drunk her coffee. 7 They haven’t phoned me since yesterday. 8 I have known him since 5 years. 9 My friend, Nicola has been to New York. 10 The plane hasn’t arrived D. Choose the right option 1. John hasn’t eaten_________yesterday. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 2. I’ve had my beach towel________two years. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 3. We haven’t travelled__________2001. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 4. The teacher rang the bell two hours________. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 5. I haven’t seen the dentist_______last May. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 6. He hasn’t been in space ____ the last years. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 7. The criminal hasn’t been in jail______2010. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 8 . I haven’t eaten watermelon____last summer. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 9. Mary made lots of money at the sale two weeks _________. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 10. I haven’t heard Mexican music _____I was a little girl. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 11. John hasn’t built any houses _____ last year. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 12. Two years________the trees produced lots of sap. (a) for (b) since (c) ago E. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 1) Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. 1. Look! ……………………………… (somebody / break) that window? 2. You look tired. ………………………………. (you / work) hard? 3. “…………………………………… (you / ever / work) in a factory?” “No, never”. 4. “Liz is away on holiday”. “Is she? Where ………………………………. (she / go)?” 5. My brother is an actor. ………………………………….. (he / appear) in several films. 6. “Sorry, I’m late” “That’s all right. ……………………………… (I / not / wait) long”. 7. “Is it still raining?” “No, ……………………………….. (it / stop).” 54

8. ………………………………….. (I / lose) my address book. ……………………………. (you / see) it? 9. …………………………………. (I / read) the book you lent me, but …………………..... (I / not / finish) it yet. It’s very interesting. 10. …………………………… (I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now. 2) For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets. 1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic.  (how long / learn / Arabic?) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you.  ( wait / long?) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. You see somebody fishing by the river.  (catch / any fish?) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week.  (how many people / invite?) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. A friend of yours is a teacher.  (how long / teach?) …………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. You meet somebody who is a writer.  (how long / write / books?) ………………………………………………………………………………………………  ( how many / books / write)) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday.  (how long / save?) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..  (how much money / save?) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

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PRACTICE ~ present perfect vs. simple past ~ A) Underline the correct one 1) I lost – have lost my wallet. I cannot find it anywhere. I looked – have looked in the bedroom but it wasn’t there. 2) I didn’t sell – haven’t sold my car. I decided – have decided to keep it. 3) Didn’t you finish – haven’t you finished your work yet? 4) They went – have gone to New York. They must be having great time. Last semester I was – have been there and I had – have had wonderful time. 5) Selma lived – has lived in Qatar for two years. Last month she moved – has moved to Barcelona. 6) I was – have been born in Sydney but I lived – have lived in Canberra. 7) “Did he help – has he helped you with your Spanish exam?” “No, he didn’t – hasn’t. He is busy.” 8) My father was – has been very busy recently. 9) We bought – have bought a new house. It has got a very large garden. 10) She was – has been a teacher when she was – has been 21. B) Fill in the blanks with the given time expressions. last month – since 2003 – in 1978 – just (2)- already – yesterday – yet (2) – last summer – ever – ten minutes ago 1) I haven’t watered the flowers ________. 2) ________, I bought a mobile phone but I lost it. 3) My family has lived in Dubai ________. 4) The train left ________. I missed it. 5) I graduated from high school ________. 6) Haven’t you made up your mind ________? 7) He has ________ painted the benches. They are wet. 8) Have you ________ been to Istanbul? 9) It was very cold ________ but today it is warm and sunny. 10) We have ________ found a new servant. 11) We were in Hawaii ________. It was an unbelievable holiday. 12) I have ________ phoned Melisa. She is fine. We don’t need to phone her again. C) Rewrite the sentences. 1) I prepared the table a few minutes ago. ( just ) __________________________________________. 2) She has already done the washing up. ( an hour ago ) ____________________________________. 3) We didn’t get ready for the party. ( yet ) ___________________________________________. 56

4) Have you ever visited an orphanage? ( last year ) ______________________________________. 5) Uncle Tom took me to the school today. ( already ) _______________________________________. 6) Dorothy has just watered the flowers. ( two minutes ago ) ________________________________. 7) They have never been to Bangkok. ( in the past ) ____________________________________. 8) Haven’t you put on your jacket yet? ( in the morning ) __________________________________. 9) The clients have complained about the products for hours. ( this afternoon ) _____________________________________________. 10) I didn’t play chess last year. ( since ) _____________________________________________. 11) The children didn’t turn back from the school. ( yet ) _____________________________________________. 12) My father has just come in. ( one minute ago ) _____________________________________________. 13) Susan didn’t spend her summer in Italy last year. ( never ) _____________________________________________. D) Write sentences using present perfect or past simple tense a) Mr Jones /work/ for my father /for 15 years. b) Juliette /start/to teach at the school in 2009. c) The girls /ask/ the teacher / some questions. d) Christopher /want/to buy the iPod /yesterday. e)Mathew /travel/ to Germany/ 3 weeks ago. f)Hector /understand/ the problems/already. g)Alice /drink/ a glass of orange juice. h)She /not have/ wash/ her hair this morning. i) Nuria /enjoy/ the school play/ last Saturday. j) Lawrence/take/ the books /to the library. E) Present perfect or simple past? 1. I ___________ (see) the twins in town last week. 2. _____________________(you/ever/meet) her brother? 3. Where __________________(you/be) last weekend? 4. ______________ (you/see) Kathleen? 5. We ________________ (not/go) on holiday last year. 6. I love clothes. I ______________ (buy) a lot this year. 7. What _____________ (you/do) last weekend? 8. Dad ______________ (repair) the car, you can use it now. 9. Agatha Christie _____________ (live) from 1890 to 1976. 10. Granny still _________________ (not/find) her glasses. 11. Where ______________ (you/buy) your laptop? 12. Oh! You ______________ (paint) the kitchen, I like the colour. 57

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

What time _______________ (you/get) home last night? Emma! Your letter ________________ (arrive) at last! The weather ______________ (be) good all week. I _______________ (finish) work early yesterday. Sue’s not here, she _______________ (go) out. The weather ____________ (not/be) very good last week. We ______________ (be) to the cinema twice this month. Brian ____________ (live) in England until the age of 14.

F) Match the beginnings with the correct endings: 1. I didn‘t browse 2. Have you ever left a cafe 3. Did you see 4. I lived in 5. Have you seen 6. My clock stopped 7. I have broken 8. He turned on 9. My watch has stopped 10. I read the book 11. We haven‘t browsed 12. Did you leave a cafe 13. I have lived here 14. My father lost 15. I have read the book 16. He has lost 17. You have turned on 18. Did you have 19. He broke his leg 20. Have you had

a) I don‘t know the time. b) the morning show yesterday? c) his job now he is unemployed. d) the Internet last week. e) the radio five minutes ago. f) Paris twenty years ago. g) without paying? h) the morning show this morning? i) my leg skiing in the mountains. j) when I was at school. k) yesterday without paying? l) at midnight. m) it is very interesting. n) the Internet since our computer broke. o) since 1999. p) his job in May. q) in a skiing accident last year. r) the telly, I can‘t hear anything. s) your breakfast in the morning? t) your dinner today?

~ All tense review ~ CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER 1.- Lucy ………. to Australia by plane next month. a) are going b) is going) c) goes 2.- Miriam ………. Maths at university ten years ago. a) study b) studied c) is studying 3.- Williams ……… .swimming in the sea last Saturday. a)were b) was c) weren’t 4.- Hector .…… good marks at the final exams. a)get b)getting c) got 5.- …….. John …….. his grandfather last night? a)do … call b)does …..call c)did …call 6.- Sheila ………. the teacher some questions now. a)ask b)asked c)is asking 7.- My father is ……… than your father. a)strong b)the strongest c)stronger 8.-Elisa is as ……… as her brother. a)cleverer b)clever c)the cleverest 9.-Silver is ….….. expensive than gold. a)more b)less c)much 10.-The train is ……… than the bus. a)early b)earlier c)the earliest 58

11.-My team is very good. I think we …….. win the next match. a)will b)are c)won’t 12.-My uncle ……on holidays tomorrow afternoon. a)are going b)is going c)aren’t going 13.-Look! There are clouds in the sky. It …….. rain soon. a)won’t b)will c)is going to 14.-How do you go to school? a)on foot b)the car c) bus 15.-How ……….is a kilogram of apples? a)many b) often c)much 16.- a)The girl’s cats are white b)The cats’ girl are white c)The girl’s cats is white 17.-There aren’t …….. cinemas here. a)much b)many c)a little 18.- There isn’t …….. sugar in my tea. a)many b)much c) a 19.-Does the boy wear …… uniform for school? a)an b)a c)some 20.-The secretary …….. all the letters yesterday. a)send b) is sending c)sent 21.-Julio ……… in this town for 20 years. a)have lived b)has live c)has lived 22.-Where ……… your sister born? a)was b)were c)are 23.-I have just …….. my homework. a) finish b)finishing c)finished 24.-My dad ……. already ……….. home. a)have ….. came b) has….. come c)has came 25.-My neighbours are ……… noisy at weekends. a)enough b)too 26.-Thomas isn’t ……. enough to reach the shelf. a) short b)tall c) strong 27.-Charles …….. up very early yesterday. a) woke b)wakes c) is waking 28.-Mrs Dorrit ……..... in my school since 1998. a) have taught b)has taught 29.-The cinema isn’t ………. the park. a) near b) far c)between 30.-Roberto is very friendly. He has …….. friends. a)much b)many c)little 31.-I’m very thirsty. a) Can I have a water? b)Can you give me something to drink? 32-At 5,30 my friend Paul ……..with his mum. a)were shopping b)wasn’t shopping 33.-Patricia ……… lost in the big city in 2011. a)get b)got c)is getting 34.-His father often ………. me a lift to work. a)gives b)giving c)give 35.- a) I have never flown by helicopter b)I have never fly by helicopter 36.-Probably ……. peace in the world soon. a )there will be b) there isn’t 37.-Frederick ……. Law at university. a) will studies b)will study c)wont’ studying 38.-If Sarah …… her leg, she won’t play tennis. a) hurt b)hurts c)hurting 39.-The student won’t pass the exam unless he ……… harder. a)study b) studying c)studies 40.-If the boy doesn’t run fast, he …….. win the race. a) won’t b)will c) don’t COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE VERBAL TENSE. 1.- Josephine ………….. (eat) two bananas for lunch yesterday. 2.- My cat never ……..(sleep) in my bed. 3.- Jim is a scientist. He ………….. (study) extreme weather. 4.- Have you ever been …………. (trap) in a lift? 5.- Police …………..(look) for the missing child. 6.-Today is my mother’s birthday, so I …………. (buy) her a good present. 7.- The children ………….. (swim) in the sea when it ………….. (start) to rain. 8.- Many students ………… (wear) costumes for the festival. 9.- The tornado ……….… (hit) the little town two years ago. 10.- We …………. (go) to take paper, bottles and cans to special recycling containers. 11.-They chose a name for the dog while they………………… (walk) in the park. 12.- Patrick ………….. (learn) Spanish at school. 13.- Lorena and her father often ………. (go) to the National Museum on Saturday afternoon. 59

14.- Raymond ……….. just………. (come) home. 15.- My brother ……….(be) angry with me because I ……….. (forget) his birthday. 16.- The exam was difficult because I ………… (not study) the day before. 17.- I ………… (give) you a prescription for your sore throat. 18.-Thomas ….......... (find) the treasure if he asked his friends. 19.-………….. you……….. (do) the project yet? 20.-Margaret ………….. (not visit) her sister in London last month. 21.-If I were you, I ……………….(not marry) Tony. He doesn’t love you.

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PRACTICE past perfect simple/continuous I. Write the past participle (3rd form) of the following irregular verbs. 1. speak 4. understand 2. catch 5. begin 3. eat II. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (positive). 1. I lost the key that he (give) _____________________ to me. 2. She told me that she (see) ____________________ a ghost. 3. I went downstairs because I (hear) ___________________ a noise. 4. When they came home, Sue (cook) ___________________ dinner already. 5. We could not send you a postcard because we (forget) ___________________ our address book. III. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (negative). 1. The waiter served something that we (not / order) _______________________. 2. He went to Alaska where he (not / be) _______________________ before. 3. She put on the red dress, which she (not / wear) ___________________ for ages. 4. He (not / play) ________________________tennis before that day. 5. His mother was angry because he (not / help) _______________________ her with the shopping. IV. Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple. 1. (you / finish) your homework before you went to the cinema? 2. (why / you / clean) the bathroom before you bathed the dog? 3. (you / have) breakfast before you came here? 4. (she / find) a place to stay when she went to Boston? 5. (where / she / live) before she moved to Chicago? V. Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive). 1. We (sleep) ________________________ for 12 hours when he woke us up. 2. They (wait) ________________________ at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived. 3. We (look for) _______________________ her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom. 4. I (not / walk) ________________________ for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain. 5. How long (learn / she) ___________________ English before she went to London? 6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) ____________________ in the rain too long. 7. He (drive) ___________________________ less than an hour when he ran out of petrol. 8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) ____________________ on the farm all day. 9. I (not / work) ______________________ all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night. 10. They (cycle) ______________________ all day so their legs were sore in the evening. VI. Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple. 1. The pupils talked about the film they (watch) ………………………… . 2. I was late for work because I (miss) ……………………… the bus. 3. We lived in the house that my father (build) ……………………………… . 4. We admired the picture that Lucy (paint) …………………………… . 5. They watered the trees that they (plant) ………………………………… . 6. The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils (write) ……………………………. . 7. I received a good mark in my test because I (practise) ……………………………...…..…………….. on ego4u. 8. The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I (order) ……………………………….. . 9. I had to clean the floor because my cats (knock) ………………………….……………..… over the flower pots. 10. My friend was in hospital because she (slip) ………………………………………………….. on a banana skin

PRACTICE III 61

Present Perfect Simple / Continuous Complete the sentences with correct form of the verbs. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. Use short forms where possible. 1 How long _______flu? (have) 2 We _______the house all morning. (clean) 3 I _______abroad for a year, but now I'm going home. (live) 4 Ouch! I _______my finger on the oven!. (burn) 5 Alan _______French since September. (learn) 6 How long _______Jim? (you go out with) Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous Mr. Smith: So tell me a little bit about yourself, Mr. Harris. I would like to find out a little bit more about your background. Mr. Harris: I (work) _____________________________ in the insurance industry for over ten years. I worked for Met Life for six years and World Insurance for four and a half. During that time, I heard many good things about Hollings Life Insurance and that's why I (apply) __________________________________ for the new sales position. Mr. Smith: Tell me a little about your hobbies and interests. Mr. Harris: In my spare time, I hike in the mountains outside of town, volunteer at the Sierra Club and play tennis. In fact, I (compete) ________________________________________ in a tennis tournament this weekend. Mr. Smith: Really, how long (you, play) __________________________________ tennis? Mr. Harris: I (play) ____________________________________ since high school. I love the sport. Mr. Smith: Great! We like dedication here at Hollings Life. You mentioned you volunteer at the Sierra Club. I (work, currently) _____________________________________ with them on the sea turtle project. We (try) __________________________________ to create a wildlife sanctuary near the bay. Mr. Harris: Do you know Frank Harris? He's my brother. He (work, presently) ____________________________ on the same project. Mr. Smith: I know Frank quite well. Any brother of Frank's would be a welcome addition to Hollings Life. Just one more thing, we (look) ____________________________________ for somebody who is fluent in Spanish; many of our clients are from Mexico. Mr. Harris: No problem. I (study) _______________________________ Spanish since elementary school. Mr. Smith: Sounds like you are the perfect candidate. Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous 1. It (rain) _________________ all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach. 2. A: Where is Gary? B: He (study, at the library) _______for his German test on Wednesday. In fact, he (review) ____________________ for the test every day for the last week. 3. You look really great! (You, exercise) __________________________ at the fitness center? 4. Frank, where have you been? We (wait) __________________________ for you since 1 P.M.. 5.A: What is that sound? B: A car alarm (ring) ___________________ somewhere down the street. It (drive) _____________________ me crazy - I wish it would stop! It (ring) _____________________ for more than twenty minutes. 6. Joseph's English (improve, really) ________________________ , isn't it? He (watch) ____________________________ American television programs and (study) ______________________________ his grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent. 7. A: You look a little tired. (You, get) ___________________________ enough sleep lately? 62

B: Yes, I (sleep) ____________________________ relatively well. I just look tired because I (feel) ______________________ a little sick for the last week. A: I hope you feel better soon. B: Thanks. I (take, currently) ________________________ some medicine, so I should feel better in a couple of days. Simple Past / Present Perfect 1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars"? B: I don't know. I (see, never) _______that movie. 2. Sam (arrive) _______in San Diego a week ago. 3. My best friend and I (know) _______each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week. 4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) _______ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway. 5. I (have, not) _______this much fun since I (be) _______a kid. 6. Things (change) _______a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) _______working here three years ago, the company (have, only) _______six employees. Since then, we (expand) _______to include more than 2000 fulltime workers. 7. I (tell) _______him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) _______off into the forest and (be) _______bitten by a snake. 8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) _______the bus this morning. You (be) _______late to work too many times. You are fired! 9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) _______the ocean. He should come with us to Miami. 10. How sad! George (dream) _______of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never) _______the ocean. 11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) _______much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) _______two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) _______very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) _______a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours. 12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) _______since the last time I (see) _______you. You (grow) _______at least a foot! 13. This tree (be) _______planted by the settlers who (found) _______our city over four hundred years ago. 14. This mountain (be, never) _______climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) _______to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) _______. The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) _______trying to reach the summit. 15. I (visit, never) _______Africa, but I (travel) _______to South America several times. The last time I (go) _______to South America, I (visit) _______Brazil and Peru. I (spend) _______two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) _______for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) _______over the Nazca Lines. Simple Past / Present Perfect Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) _______a great deal. The first computers (be) _______simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) _______much memory and they (be, not) _______very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) _______thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) _______very little. Most computers (be) _______separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games. Times (change) _______. Computers (become) _______powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers (create) _______a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) _______faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) _______on the Internet and (begin) _______communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) _______to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) _______into an international World Wide Web of knowledge. Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous 63

1. A: How long (be) _______in Canada? B: I (study) _______here for more than three years. 2. I (have) _______the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one. 3. I (love) _______chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic". 4. Matt and Sarah (have) _______some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they (go) _______to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out. 5. John (work) _______for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he (enjoy) _______his work, but now he is talking about retiring. 6. Lately, I (think) _______about changing my career because I (become) _______dissatisfied with the conditions at my company. 7. I (see) _______Judy for more than five years and during that time I have (see) _______many changes in her personality. Simple Past / Past Perfect I can't believe I (get)______________ that apartment. I (submit)__________________ my application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I (show)___________________ up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people who (arrive)__________________ before me. Most of them (fill, already) _________________out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did. I (try)____________________ to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They (want) __________________________me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I (have)_______________________ some problems with him and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I (end)______________________________ up listing my father as a reference. It was total luck that he (decide) _____________________ to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and my father (go) ______________________ to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he (look)___________________ at my credit report. I really lucked out! Past Perfect / Past Perfect Continuous I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try) ______________________ to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) ______________________ five cups of coffee and I (wait) __________________ over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange)____________________ to meet Kathy in front of the theater. When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) ___________________ up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) ______________________ for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost) ___________________ up and (go) ________________ into the theater without us. Kathy told me you (be) _______________________ late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) ______________________ several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!

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Tense follow up Present Simple & Continuous 1. Tradu: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Iarna ninge. Duminica el nu se scoala devreme. Eu nu studiez seara. Ce faci? Citesti sau privesti la televizor? Secretara tocmai bate la masina un referat. Ea merge la cumparaturi sâmbata. Acum imi fac temele la engleza. Nu-mi place cafeaua. Ce carte citesti? La ce ora se scoala John dimineata? Ce faci tu in zilele libere? Cui ii telefonezi? El nu merge la scoala cu metroul, merge pe jos. De ce deschizi fereastra? Adesea citesc carti englezesti. Ea isi face bagajul. 2. Verbul la forma correctă: 1. I __________ (read) a very interesting book now. 2. Joanne __________ (work) eight hours a day. 3. Tonight we __________ (see) a play at the theatre. 4. Who __________ you __________ (speak) to now? 5. I __________ (not know) him very well. 6. What will you do if she __________ (come) late? 7. My wife __________ (like) coffee for breakfast. 8. What __________ Tom usually __________(have) for breakfast? 9. Your train __________ (leave) at 17.25 from platform 3. 10. What __________ Mary __________ (do) ? She's a student. 11. My whole family _____________(go) to church once a week. 12. My wife and I _______________(go) to the beach in the summer. 13. Listen! The phone ______________(ring) in the other room. 14. Rain seldom ______________(fall) in the Sahara. 15. He is thirteen years old now, and his voice ___________________(change). 16. Let's change the conversation. It _______________(get) too serious. 17. Leap year ________________(come) every four years. 18. My grandfather ______________(grow) tomatoes in his garden this summer. 19. He ______________(grow) them every summer . 20. The children ____________________(leave) for school right now. 21. The children ________________(leave) at 8:30 every morning of the week. 22. Shu! The baby ____________________(take) her nap. 23. In the north the season __________________(change) four times a year . 24. Unfortunately, the patient ____________________ (die). 25. The monsoon ___________________(come) once or twice a year. 26. It's spring and the days ___________________(get) longer. 27. The weather ___________(get) very cold in Moscow in the winter. 28. It _______________(rain) hard, and I don't have an umbrella. 29. It's November and the birds _________________(fly) south. 30. Many birds of Europe ___________(fly) south to Africa every winter. 65

Past Simple & Continuous: 3.Verbul la forma corectă: 1. When you (come in), I (talk) on the phone. 2. When I first (meet) him, he (work) in a bank. 3. While he (learn) to drive, he (have) an accident. 4. As I (write), someone (ring up). 5. Where you (go) when I (meet) you? 6. What you (do) this time yesterday? 7. When I (enter) the classroom, the teacher (write) on the blackboard. 8. When I (arrive), she (have) dinner. 9. This time last Sunday, I (watch) a film on TV. 10. He suddenly (realize) that he (not wear) his glasses. 4. Tradu: 1. Soarele nu a apus la ora 8 aseara. 2. Ai dormit bine noaptea trecuta? 3. Ieri nu am mers la bazinul de inot. 4. M-am sculat târziu ieri dimineata. 5. Duminica trecuta prietenii mei au jucat sah. 6. Ieri pe vremea asta ploua. 7. Ce faceai martea trecuta la ora 7 dimineata? 8. Ma pregateam sa merg la facultate. 9. In timp ce imi cautam pasaportul am gasit aceasta fotografie veche. 10. Baietii jucau carti când l-au auzit pe tatal lor intrând in casa. 11. Ei au ascuns imediat cartile si si-au scos manualele de scoala. 12. Când te-ai intors de la munte? 13. Când ai cumparat acest televizor? 14. Ieri mi-am pierdut manusile. 15. Batea un vânt puternic când am iesit din casa. 16. Unde ti-ai petrecut concediul vara trecuta? 17. Ieri m-am sculat devreme, mi-am luat micul dejun si apoi am plecat la scoală. 18. Acum doua zile am cazut si mi-am rupt piciorul. 19. Saptamâna trecuta am fost bolnav si nu am mers la scoala. 20. El a dat primul examen saptamâna trecuta. 21. Cine a câstigat meciul alaltăieri? 22. In timp ce ploua, eu conduceam masina spre Sinaia. Present Perfect Simple & Continuous: 5. Present Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau Past Tense Simple in locul infinitivelor: 1. I (lose) my pen. You (not see) it anywhere? -No, I haven’t. When you (use) it last? 2. Your ever (try) to give up smoking? -Yes, I (try) last year but I (not succeed). 3. You (see) your mother this week? -No, she (leave) for Brasov a week ago. 4. You (be) out of work long? 5. I am not out of work now. I (get) a job last month. 6. I (wear) my hair long since I (be) a little girl. 7. She (change) a lot since I (see) her last. 8. I (do) a lot of work since I (get up) in the morning. 9. The child (play) the piano since I (return) from school. 10. It (rain) since we (leave) Bucharest. 11. He (be) very ill since the holidays (begin). 6. Tradu: 1. Cine te-a invatat sa vorbesti engleza atât de bine? 2. Unde ti-ai petrecut vacanta anul acesta? 66

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

M-am gândit adesea sa-mi iau carnet de conducere. De cât timp inveti engleza? Vremea s-a incalzit in ultimul timp. El este ministru de doi ani. Traduc un text de doua ore si nu l-am terminat inca. El a scris numai doua scrisori de când a plecat in strainatate. Un copil a spart geamul. Trebuie sa-l inlocuim. Ninge de doua ore. Am mers pe jos 10 km pâna acum. Mergem pe jos de la ora 3. De când mi-am cumparat masina, am mers arareori pe jos la slujba. La ce te-ai uitat? A fost un accident. Cu cine ai votat la ultimele alegeri? Nu am mers la vot. Am stat acasa si nu am regretat nici o clipa. Ai vazut ziarul de azi? A plecat John? Da, a plecat acum o ora. Ti-ai luat deja micul dejun? Da, l-am luat la ora 8. Ai mai fost in acest oras? Da, am petrecut o luna aici, acum doi ani. Ei lucreaza la aceasta casa de un an si nu au terminat-o inca. Past Perfect Simple & Continuous 7. Verbele la Past Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau la Past Tense Simple: 1. The professor (speak) for 10 minutes when I (enter) the hall. 2. After John (listen to) the news bulletin, he (go) downstairs to have dinner. 3. He (tell) me he (be) to the theatre the day before. 4. We (ask) him what countries he (visit). 5. He (learn) English for two years before he (go) to England for the first time. 6. She just (go) out when I (call at) her house. 7. The river became deeper after it (rain) heavily for a few hours. 8. After John (leave), she (tell) me they (be) friends for five years. 9. After we (walk) for an hour, we (realize) we (lose) our way. 10. When I (find out) he (get married), I (ring up) him and (congratulate) him. 8. Tradu folosind Past Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau Past Tense Simple: 1. Mi-a parut rau ca il jignisem. 2. El mi-a multumit pentru ceea ce facusem pentru el. 3. De indata ce a terminat de scris lucrarea, a inmânat-o profesorului. 4. El nu facuse nimic inainte de a-mi cere mie sfatul. 5. De indata ce au plecat musafirii, am mers la culcare. 6. Când am ajuns la statia de autobuz, mi-am dat seama ca imi lasasem poseta acasa. 7. Secretara mi-a spus ca directorul vorbea la telefon de o jumatate de ora. 8. Ei mi-au spus ca locuiau in Franta din 1980. 9. Nu ti-am telefonat pentru ca am crezut ca plecasesi in strainatate. 10. Ei au calatorit in multe tari dupa ce s-au casatorit.

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Practise on Future Tenses Will / Be Going To Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses 1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper? B: I (write)…………………………………..a letter to my friends back home in Texas. 2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! B: I (get)…………………………………………………..you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up. 3. A: I can't hear the television! B: I (turn)…………………………………………it up so you can hear it. 4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) ………………………………………………… Paris, Nice and Grenoble. 5. Sarah (come) ………………………………….. to the party. Oliver (be) ………………………………… there as well. 6. Ted: It is so hot in here! Sarah: I (turn) ……………………………………….. the air-conditioning on. 7. I think he (be) …………………………………………………………. the next President of the United States. 8. After I graduate, I (attend) ………………………………………………. medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life. 9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people. B: That man at the service counter (help) …………………………………………… you. 10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) ……………………………. down to the beach and go swimming Simple Future / Future Continuous Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses 1. Sandra: Where is Tim going to meet us? Marcus: He (wait) ………………………………… for us when our train arrives. I am sure he (stand) ………………………………………… on the platform when we pull into the station. Sandra: And then what? Marcus: We (pick) ………………………………………… Michele up at work and go out to dinner. 2. Ted: When we get to the party, Jerry (watch) ……………………….. TV, Sam (make) ………………………….. drinks, Beth (dance) ……………………………….. by herself, and Thad (complain) …………………………………… about his day at work. Robin: Maybe, this time they won't be doing the same things. Ted: I am absolutely positive they (do) ……………………….. the same things; they always do the same things. 3. Florence: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who (wash) ………………………………. all of those? Jack: I promise I (do) …………………………………………………. them when I get home from work. Florence: Thanks. Jack: When you get home this evening, that mountain will be gone and nice stacks of sparkling clean dishes (sit) …………………………………………………………… in the cabinets. 4. Doug: If you need to contact me next week, I (stay) …………………………………………… at the Hoffman Hotel. Nancy: I (call) ……………………………………………… you if there are any problems. 68

Doug: This is the first time I have ever been away from the kids. Nancy: Don't worry, they (be) ……………………………………….. fine. 5. Samantha: Just think, next week at this time, I (lie) ………………………………. on a tropical beach in Maui drinking Mai Tais and eating pineapple. Darren: While you are luxuriating on the beach, I (stress) ……………………………………….. out over this marketing project. How are you going to enjoy yourself knowing that I am working so hard? Samantha: I 'll manage somehow. Darren: You're terrible. Can't you take me with you? Samantha: No. But I (send) …………………………………………….. you a postcard of a beautiful, white sand beach. Darren: Great, that (make) ……………………….. me feel much better Simple Present / Simple Future Present Continuous / Future Continuous Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses. 1. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at this time, I (watch) ………………………………………………TV as well. 2. Tomorrow after school, I (go) ……………………………………… to the beach. 3. I am going on a dream vacation to Tahiti. While you (do) …………………………………… paperwork and (talk) …………………………………………. to annoying customers on the phone, I (lie) ………………………………………… on a sunny, tropical beach. Are you jealous? 4. We (hide) …………………………………………… when Tony (arrive) ……………………………..at his surprise party. As soon as he opens the door, we (jump) …………………………. out and (scream) ……………………………, "Surprise!" 5. We work out at the fitness center every day after work. If you (come) …………………………….. over while we (work) ………………………………………………….. out, we will not be able to let you into the house. Just to be safe, we (leave) …………………………………………… a key under the welcome mat so you will not have to wait outside. 6. While you (study) ……………………… at home, Magda (be) ………………………………………….. in class. 7. When I (get) ……………………………….. to the party, Sally and Doug (dance) ……………………………………… , John (make) …………………………………. drinks, Sue and Frank (discuss) ………………………………….. something controversial, and Mary (complain) ……………………………………………. about something unimportant. They are always doing the same things. They are so predictable. 8. When you (get) …………………………… off the plane, I (wait) ……………………………………………… for you. 9. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we (wake) …………………………………………. up tomorrow morning, the sun (shine) …………………………………………... 10. If you (need) ……………………………………… to contact me sometime next week, I (stay) …………………………………………………. at the Sheraton in San Francisco. Simple Future / Future Perfect Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses. 1. Margaret: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the store? Jerry: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) ………………………. up the living room and (finish) 69

…………………………. washing the dishes. Everything will be perfect when your parents arrive. Margaret: I hope so. They (arrive) …………………………………….. around 6 o'clock. Jerry: Everything (be) …………………………. spotless by the time they get here. 2. Nick: I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By this time next year, I (graduate) …………………………….. , and I will already be looking for a job. Stacey: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future? Nick: Not really. I (go) ………………………………. to a career counselor and get some advice on how to find a good job. Stacey: That's a good idea. Nick: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not only) ………………………….. over 13 business courses, but I (work, also) ……………………………. in the real world. 3. Stan: Did you hear that Christine (take) …………………………… a vacation in South America this winter? Fred: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go? Stan: She (visit) …………………………………. Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. Fred: At this rate, she (visit) ………………………… every country in the world by the time she's 50. 4. Judy: How long have you been in Miami? Elaine: I have only been here for a couple of weeks. Judy: How long do you plan on staying? Elaine: I love Miami, so I (stay) …………………………. here for an extended period of time. When I go back home, I (be) …………………………… here for more than three months. Judy: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) …………………… just about everything there is to see in Miami by then. 5. Jane: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get to the dinner, everyone (finish, already) …………………………….. eating. Jack: It's your own fault. You took way too long in the bathroom. Jane: I couldn't get my hair to look right. Jack: Who cares? By the time we get there, everyone (leave) …………………………… . Nobody (see, even) …………………………………………. your hair.

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IF CLAUSE Fraza condiţională de tipul 1 O frază condiţională de tipul 1 se referă la o condiţie posibilă în viitor şi la rezultatul probabil al acesteia. Ea implică obţinerea unui anumit rezultat prin indeplinirea unei condiţii date. Folosim timpul prezent in subordonata condiţionala(pentru exprimarea condiţiei) si viitorul in propoziţia principală (pentru exprimarea rezultatului). PROPOZIŢIA PRINCIPALĂ PROPOZIŢIA CONDIŢIONALĂ SIMPLE FUTURE

SIMPLE PRESENT

He will pass the exam

if he studies.

El va lua examenul

dacă va învăţa.

Fraza condiţională de tipul 2 O frază condiţională de tipul 2 se referă la o condiţie improbabilă sau ipotetică şi la rezultatul probabil al acesteia. Folosim acest tip de condiţională pentru a exprima o situaţie imaginară contrară realităţii prezente sau pentru a exprima o situaţie improbabilă intr-un moment viitor. Folosim timpul trecut in condiţională şi Condiţionalul prezent in propoziţia principală. PROPOZIŢIA PRINCIPALĂ PROPOZIŢIA CONDIŢIONALĂ PRESENT CONDITIONAL

SIMPLE PAST

He would pass the exam

if he studied.

El ar lua examenul

dacă ar învăţa.

Fraza condiţională de tipul 3 O frază condiţională de tipul 3 se referă la o condiţie ireală trecută si exprimă o situaţie imaginară sau contrară realităţii intr-un moment trecut. Folosim mai mult ca perfectul in subordonată si condiţionalul perfect in regentă. PROPOZIŢIA PRINCIPALĂ PROPOZIŢIA CONDIŢIONALĂ PERFECT CONDITIONAL

SIMPLE PAST PERFECT

He would have passed the if he had studied. exam El ar fi luat examenul dacă ar fi învăţat. Exemplul de mai sus se referă la o situaţie contrară realităţii trecute – el nu a învăţat, deci nu şia luat examenul

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PRACTICE I. Fill in the best form of the verb/phrase to make conditionals types 0/1/2/3. 1.- I don’t think she’s worried about us. If she (be) worried, she (phone) or something. 2.- I have an appointment at 3.30 tomorrow. If I (manage) to finish before 4.30, I (do) the shopping on my way back. 3.- Tom missed his flight. He (get) to the airport on time if he (not oversleep). 4.- If I (have) such a large house as yours, I (invite) all my friends for the weekend. 5.- If the child (not be playing) with matches, he (not burn) himself. Now he’s in hospital. 6.- She’s so shy. If she (talk) to people, she (make) friends. 7.- So, you’re seeing Terry tonight. If he (ask) you about me, (not, tell) him I’m going out with John. 8.- If a machine (be) properly maintained, it (fail, never) 9.- We (invite) him if we (know) his address, but he never gave it to us. 10.- Unless I (have) a problem, I (bother, never) my friends. 11.- You’re very strong. If you (try) you (win) your opponent. 12.- Look what you’ve done. If you (be) careful, you (not, break) all those glasses. 13.- I was so stupid! Nothing (happened) if I (not, moved) to his flat. 14.- She’s a bit short. If she (be) taller she (can) play basket. 15.- Sorry. I (lend) you the money you need if I (have) it. 16.- The bus is full up. If there (be) an empty seat, I (sit) down. 17.- Why didn’t you go to the police station? If you (report) the theft, they (can arrest) the robbers. 18.- I (leave) him a message but he (not, be) home when I phoned. II. Circle the right option: 1.- If we take / will take a taxi, we will arrive / arrived sooner. 2.- You wouldn’t get / didn’t get wet if you would have worn / were wearing a coat. 3.- If our team had scored / scored more goals, it had won / could have won. 4.- I had given / would have given you the news if you phoned / had phoned me yesterday. 5.- If you took / would have taken more exercise, you might feel / had felt better 6.- If Tim drove / had driven more carefully, he wouldn’t have crashed / didn’t crash. 7.- If we are/would be late for class, our teacher will be / was angry. 8.- If we lived / would live on another planet, we would see / will see the Earth in the sky. 9.- If we were / are birds, we would be able / are able to fly. 10.- If you don’t wear / wouldn’t wear your pullover, you will feel / felt cold. 11.- If I had / would have lots of money, I would give / gave some to all my friends. 12.- If I had known / would know it was your birthday, I would sen / would have sent you a card. 13.- If you had come / came to seen the film, you would have enjoyed/ had enjoyed it. III. Complete with the correct form to form conditional sentences: 1. If Dave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, invite) me to his birthday party, I would feel disappointed. 2. If I hadn’t got up earlier, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (miss) my flight to Vienna. 3. We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (stay) at home if it snows tomorrow. 4. If we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (earn) enough money, we’ll buy a new hi-fi system. 5. What would you do if you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (get) lost in a forest at night? 6. Kevin wouldn’t have moved to Britain if he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (find) a decent job here. 7. If I knew Diana’s address, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (send) her a valentine card. 8. What _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Jane, do) if she fails the university entrance examination? 9. If John’s parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (know) French, they could help him with his project. 10. If Finn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (apologize) to me, I would have forgiven him. 11. My cousin would play video games all day long if his parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (allow) him to. 12. If Emma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, feel) better tomorrow, she should see a doctor. 72

13. Who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (you, choose) if you could take one friend to go to Disneyland with you? 14. Kate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (call) you if she had known you were ill. 15. If you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be) cold, you can put on warm socks and a bathrobe. 16. James would buy his wife a BMW if he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be) richer. 17. If Barbara and Paul _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (spend) more time together their marriage would have lasted longer. 18. My parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (buy) me a new MP3 player if I pass my final exams. 19. If my team _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (lose) the match, we will fall to the second division. 20. If the concert _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (finish) earlier, I would have taken the 10.30 bus. IV. Fill in the gaps with the type 2 conditional sentences. 1. If my children ________ (like) raw fruit, I _________ (not / need) to boil it. 2. The road traffic _______ (flow) if there _______ (be) some policemen. 3. Communication _____ (not / be) so easy if there ____ (not / be) for the Internet. 4. If the cardigan __________ (not / be) so expensive, I _________ (buy) it. 5. If I __________ (not / have) a computer, I ___________ (borrow) one. 6. If the dress __________ (not / be) so tight, I __________ (wear) it tonight. 7. If I ________ (not / like) chocolate so much, I _________ (give) you this piece. 8. If you ______ (be) more understanding, we could have a better relationship. 9. If you __________ (turn) the TV on, we __________ (wake up) our neighbours. 10. We ________ (visit) the Eiffel Tower if we _________ (go) to Paris. 11. If I _____ (be) you, I ______ (apply) for the job. 12. If Ann _______ (apply) for the job, she ________ (get) it. V. Fill in the gaps so as to build correct type 3 conditional sentences. 1. If you _________ (have) some protection, you _________ (damage) your eyes. 2. It ______ (be) impossible to enter the building if the porter _____ (not / be) there. 3. If the flight hadn’t been delayed, my boss __________ (arrive) on time to the meeting. 4. If the driver ________ (stop) at the red sign, I _________ (not / have) the accident. 5. I __________ (eat) the soup if it __________ (not / be) so salty. 6. If the thieves __ (rob) the whole jewellery store, the owners would have been ruined. 7. If you ________ (take) your umbrella, you ________ (not / catch) a cold. 8. I __________ (manage) to escape the storm if I __________ (be) more cautious. 9. The burglars ______ (escape) to a foreign country if the police ____ (not / catch) them. 10. If you _______ (learn) to play the piano, you could have participated in the contest. 11. If you ______ (study) more, you ______ (get) a better mark. 12. There _____ (be) a fight if the police ________ (not / arrive) in time. VI. Fill in the blanks with either second or third conditional. 1. You ____________ (notice) my new haircut if you had been more attentive. 2. If you _____________ (enjoy) modern art, we could visit the new exhibition. 3. If you had eaten at lunch, you ______________ (not / be) so hungry now. 4. If there were an ashtray in the house, we _____________ (not / need) to go to the balcony to smoke a cigarette. 5. I would apply for the job if I ____________ (know) how to write an application letter. 6. If I _____________ (go) to the job interview, I might have got the job. 7. You would need to find another job if you _____________ (move) to a new town. 8. I would exercise twice a day if I _____________ (have) more time. 9. If the T-shirt _____________ (not / be) so loose, I would wear it. 10. If the factory ______________ (not / close), many workers wouldn’t be unemployed. 11. If there hadn’t been for the snow, most European airports ___ (not / close) during Christmas time. 12. If there wasn’t for the fire, we _______________ (freeze) to death. 13. I would eat your adorable meatloaf if I _____________ (not / be) a vegetarian. 73

14. If you _______________ (teach) me how to dance, I would learn it fast.

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INTERIM EVAL 1 PART 1 - Reading Comprehension Hot dog eating champion retains title after tiebreaker Friday, July 4, 2008 For the second year in a row, American competitive eater Joey Chestnut defeated his Japanese rival Takeru Kobayashi at the annual Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest in New York City, after a tie forced a five-hot-dog eat-off to be held. After ten minutes of hot dog eating, two shorter than in previous years, Chestnut and Kobayashi were tied at 59 frankfurters. But after the rare tiebreaker, 24-year-old Chestnut emerged as the winner, claiming a $10,000 prize and a mustard-yellow belt. "It was crazy," he said. "I'm just a normal guy eating hot dogs on the Fourth. You can't overcomplicate it." Kobayashi, whose loss last year shattered a six-year winning streak, said that a sore jaw and a tooth problem may have altered his performance. "If I put one more mouthful in, I could have won", the 30-year-old Nagano native said through a translator. "I lost because I wasn't quick enough in the rematch." This year, the 22 competitors were under a 10-minute time limit, unlike the 12 minutes used for previous contests. The reason for this, according to Nathan's, was the discovery of a document from 1916, which revealed that the original competition was 10 minutes long. Thousands gathered at Coney Island to watch the annual event, which has become one of the more colorful traditions of America's Independence Day. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Who won the contest last year? A. Takeru Kobayashi B. Joey Chestnut C. First there was a tie, then Chestnut won D. The text does not say Who came second last year? A. Takeru Kobayashi B. Joey Chestnut C. Somebody else D. The text does not say How long was the competition this year? A. 10 minutes B. 12 minutes C. More than 10 minutes D. The text does not say How long was the competition last year? A. 8 minutes B. 10 minutes C. 12 minutes D. The text does not say How many hot dogs did Joey Chestnut eat in the whole of the final? A. 59 B. 64 C. Between 59 and 64 D. The text does not say How many hot dogs did Takeru Kobayashi eat in the whole of the final? A. 59 B. 64 C. Between 59 and 64

D. The text does not say Who won the contest two years ago and in the five years before that? A. Takeru Kobayashi B. Joey Chestnut C. Somebody else D. The text does not say 8. How long was the contest in 1916? A. Under 10 minutes B. 10 minutes C. 12 minutes D. The text does not say 9. Where is Takeru Kobayashi from? A. Coney Island B. Nagano C. New York D. None of the above 10. Where is Joey Chestnut from? A. Coney Island B. Nagano C. New York D. None of the above 11. On what occasion is the contest held? A. Coney Island's birthday B. The discovery of a document in 1916 C. Independence Day D. None of the above 12. Which sentence is true for Kobayashi? A. He said he had health problems after the contest B. He didn't speak English 7.

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C. He said the rematch wasn't fair

D. None of the above

PART 2 – Grammar and Vocabulary 1. I am not making much money ….. a) these days b) so far this year c) presently d) lately 2. At the moment she is going out with Keith and they …. very happy together. a) are seeming b) should seem c) seem d) are likely to seem 3. I ….what you…..now. He ….he should get a second chance. a) 'm seeing, mean, is thinking b) see, are meaning, thinks c) see, mean, thinking d) see, mean, thinks 4. You ….me! I'm afraid I … with you. a) astonish, am agreeing b) are astonishing, disagree c) astonish, disagree d) are astonishing, 'm disagreeing 5. I hope this trip ….. too expensive for us. a) is not going to be b) is not to be c) won't be d) should not be 6. By the end of the week we ….. where to go. a) have decided b) must have decided c) will decide d) will have decided 7. Maybe by the time we get to the theatre..... a) the play will already started. b) the play will already have started. c) the play has already started d) the play already started. 8. I haven't seen any work yet. I suppose I …some day. a) am going to b) shall c) am seeing d) 'll have 9. Last night my neighbours …. for hours and I couldn't get to sleep. a) were shouting b) would shout c) used to shout d) did shout 10. They ……really our cousins, but we ….them a) weren't, had always loved b) had not been, always loved c) weren't, have always loved

d) aren't, had always loved 11. I ….him yesterday evening. I …..him for ages. a) had seen, didn't see b) saw, haven't seen c) saw, didn't see d) saw, hadn't seen 12. It …... as nice on the terrace as my sister … but we were definitely enjoying the evening. a) had not been, expected b) was not, expected c) was not, had expected d) hadn't need, was expecting 13. I can't believe it! Smith …. money from the till all this time! a) stole b) has stolen c) has been stealing d) was stealing 14. It's incredible! Julia ….. for a pay-rise three times this year. a) has asked b) have been asking c) did ask d) would ask 15. On the news this morning: The two banks …… plans to merge next year. a) announced b) have announced c) are announcing d) have been announcing 16. .………the latest? She's leaving her husband and going to live in Italy. a) Did you hear b) Did you know c) Have you heard d) Do you know 17. Luckily by the time we got there the painting …… a) hadn't been sold b) wasn't sold c) hasn't been sold d) wasn't going to be sold 18. No one knew that Paul …… in the investigation since the very beginning. a) will be involved b) had been involved c) has involved d) can be involved 19. If …… necessary, take a taxi. a) it would be b) it might be c) it was d) 0

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20. …… you see Anna, could you ask her to call me? a) If only b) Unless c) Should d) Would 21. ………..the problem, he ……those stupid questions. a) If he understands, wouldn't ask b) If he had understood, weren't asking c) Had he understood, wouldn't have asked d) Should he understand, needn't have asked 22. Surely you are not ……. Jane Fonda, are you? a) the b) 0 c) very d) the one 23. You never say what you're thinking, …… you? a) don't b) do c) haven't d) are 24. You'll be leaving for Venice soon,………..? a) aren't you b) won't you c) don't you d) shall you 25. Sean Connery was awarded a knighthood in recognition …... his work and charity. a) to b) of c) for d) at 26. …… the time I got there, I found out that the tickets were sold out. a) On b) By c) In d) At 27. I can't understand why he is always …… dispute with his wife. a) on b) at c) in d) of 28. The new play didn't come …… expectation. a) to b) up against c) up to d) about 29. Deanna broke …… and wept when she heard the bad news. a) out b) off c) up d) down

30. Alex earns very little as a classical pianist, …. his brother's pop musicals have made millions. a) compared with b) whereas c) in spite of d) since 31. The …… of better living conditions in Europe has long been a desire for most of the countries. a) necessity b) congregation c) association d) concomitance 32. The country longs to be free of colonial…. a) dominance b) domination c) dominion d) domain 33. The king enjoyed a long …., and was ….by his daughter Elizabeth. a) kingship, sequenced b) realm, followed c) reign, succeeded d) living, tracked 34. I woke up screaming after having a terrible...... a) nightfall b) nightshift c) midnight d) nightmare 35. She's a sociable girl with lots of friends. …… she can get lonely, like anyone else. a) Even so b) Furthermore c) To some extent d) In the first place 36. No-one can find Helen or her son ….. a) somewhere b) nowhere c) anywhere d) everywhere 37. We lived ……the next village. a) far from b) far away c) off from d) farther of 38. She felt ……….about leaving him a) pretty badly b) pretty bad c) rather badly d) badly enough 39. They feel very lonely. They talk to …… a lot. a) each other b) one another c) themselves d) them 40. …… people like the sea; others prefer the mountains.

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a) Them b) Every c) Any d) Some 41. I'd like to see the old house, ………she told me about when we last met. a) that b) who c) which d) of which 42. Here's the money, you can go and buy …..a car. a) for youself b) on yourself c) yourself d) to yourself 43. So far researchers have not …... a way to fight the virus. a) finded b) find c) founded d) found 44. She took two quick steps forward and …… him across the mouth. a) stroked b) stroke c) struck

d) striked 45. …Pacific Ocean is….largest body of water on….Earth. a) 0, the, 0 b) 0, the, the c) The, 0, 0 d) The, the, 0 46. ….football was fast becoming ….popular sport worldwide. a) The, a b) 0, the c) The, the d) 0, a 47. The head of the party said he …… the behaviour of the demonstrators. a) offended b) reproached c) stressed d) deplored 48. The old railway line has been …… as far as the new airport. a) extended b) expanded c) enlarged d) augmented

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ACTIVE VOICE – PASSIVE VOICE  CÂND ESTE DIATEZA PASIVĂ FOLOSITĂ? Folosim diateza pasivă atunci când: (A) Autorul este necunoscut: (i) My mobile has been stolen. (= Someone has stolen my mobile) (ii) The first tools were made in Africa two million years ago. (= People made the first tools in Africa two million years ago.) (B) Acţiunea sau cel care suportă acţiunea sunt mai importante decât autorul: (i) Income tax was introduced in England in 1798. (ii) The Prime Minister was given a warm welcome. (C) Este evident cine sau ce a făcut acţiunea: (i) The thief has been arrested. (By the police) (ii) The meeting is called off. (By the management) (iii) The new law of income tax is introduced. (By the government)  REGULI PENTRU A TRANSFORMA DIN ACTIV ÎN PASIV

(A) Doar verbele tranzitive (cele care primesc un complement pentru a le întregi sensul) pot fi puse la diateză pasivă. Ex. (i) She ate an apple. (=vb. tranzitiv) An apple was eaten by her. (ii) The tree grows. (=vb. intranzitiv) Can’t be changed into passive.

(B) Se schimbă locul subiectului şi al complementului. Exemple:

Active Sentence:

Greg painted the gate just now.

Subject: The person who did the action.

Passive Sentence:

Active Verb

Object: The thing that received the action

The gate was painted by Greg just now.

Subject: The thing that received the action

Passive Verb

Object: The person who did the action.

(C) Când se tranformă propoziţia din activ în pasiv se modifică şi structura predicatului: NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

TENSE Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense Future Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

ACTIVE Write/s wrote Will write Is/am/are writing Was/were writing Will be writing Has/have written Had written Will have written 79

PASSIVE Is/am/are + written Was/were + written Will + be + written Is/am/are + being + written Was/were + being + written Will be writing (No Changes) Has/have + been + written Had + been + written Will + have + been + written

10 11

Infinitive Form Modal Auxiliary

12 13 14 15

Imperative Sentences Sentences with ‘LET’ Miscellaneous Miscellaneous

To write May/might/shall/should … + write Write that letter Let her write a letter It is said … Everyone predicts that...

To + be + written May/might/shall/should … + be + written Let + that letter + be + written Let + that letter + be + written He is said to … It is predicted that …

(D) Conjuncţii ca ‘by’, ‘with’, ‘to’, ‘in’ etc. apar în faţa complementelor (de agent) în diateza pasivă. Exemple: (i) A saw cut the tree. (Active) The tree was cut with a saw. [cram, crowd, decorate, fill, flood throng] (ii) I know him. (Active) He is known to me. (Passive) (iii) This rack contains 200 books. (Active) 200 books are contained in this rack. (Passive) (iv) Nila wrote a nice letter. (Active) A nice letter was written by Nila. (Passive)

(E) Uneori propoziţia la diateză pasivă nu precizezază cine face acţiunea (subiectul). Prin urmare, atunci când tranformăm în activ aproximăm cine ar putea fi autorul acţiunii. Example: (i) Our house was broken into last night. (Passive) Some burglars broke into our house last night. (Active)

(F) Verbe cu două complemente: Uneori câte un verb la diateză activă (ex. give) primeşte două complemente: A witness gave the police some information. (Active) 1

2

Oricare complement poate îndeplini rolul de subiect al propoziţiei la diateză pasivă: The police were given some information by a witness. (Passive) –-- (A) 2

Some information was given to the police by a witness. (Passive)

--- (B)

1

Notă: De obicei se proferă varianta în care subiectul este o persoană şi nu un lucru, prin urmare varianta A este preferată în cazul exemplului de mai sus.

(G) Atunci când folosim adverbe de timp, mod sau frecvenţă de obicei acestea apar după primul auxiliar al predicatului, de ex. 1. We are always taught to be kind and honest. 2. Shyam and Raju have seldom been seen at the gym. 3. The carpets are often put out to air in the sun.

(H) Când se transformă o locuţiune verbală (verb + preposition OR verb + adverb) din activ în pasiv este important să nu omitem adverbul sau prepoziţia care intră în structura acestuia, de ex: A. Coca Cola took over the brand Thumbs up in the last decade of 20th century. P. The brand Thumbs up was taken over by Coca Cola in the last decade of 20th cen.

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LET’S PRACTICE! (A)

(Simple Present) Turtles _________ (find) in all the warm oceans of the world. Turtle’s nests _________ (make) at night on sandy beaches. About one hundred eggs _________ (lay) in each nest. However, nesting turtles _________ (often disturb) by noise and light of the discos. When the babies leave the nest for the sea, they follow the light of the moon. But if they _________ (distract) by hotel lights, they move in the wrong direction. Babies who lose their way on the beach _________ (often kill) by birds. If they reach the sea, they _________ (sometimes injure) or even killed by speedboats.

(B)

(A/P) People all over the world _________ (drink) tea. It _________ (suppose) to be a very refreshing drink. It _________ (also offer) to the guests as a mark of courtesy. To make tea _________ (be) quite easy. Tea leaves _________ (take) in a teapot and boiling water _________ (pour) over them. The teapot _________ (keep) aside for a couple of minutes. Meanwhile milk _________ (boil) in another pot. Now tea water _________ (pour) into a cup. Milk and sugar _________ (add) to it according to one’s taste. And a refreshing cup of tea _________ (be) ready.

(C) 1. Gerry has fed the cat this morning. The cat 2. They always announce the result of the exam in June. The result… 3. Students don't speak English in class. English… 4. My wallet was taken by a thief. A thief… 5. Thomas Edison didn’t invent the light bulb in 1867. The light bulb… 6. The bedrooms have been cleaned by the maid. The maid… 7. The boys offered the girls some help. * The girl… * Some… 8. Helen is not making us dinner tonight. * Dinner… * We… 9. A hail storm destroyed many homes last week. Many homes… 10. Notebooks are going to be bought for the school. We… 11. Farmers had often used pesticides when planting corn. Pesticides… 12. Cricket is not played in America. People… 13. Sherry can listen to music in every room of her home. Music… 14. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa in Venice. The Mona Lisa… 15. My students have given me a cherry tree for my garden. *I… * A cherry tree … 81

(D)

(Simple Past) Last summer Tom went camping with Boy Scouts. First, the ground _________ (clear) of stones and plants. The tents _________ (put up) in a circle. A special shelf _________ (make) in each tent 4 inches off the ground. The suitcases and sleeping bags _________ (put) on this shelf. Wood _________ (collect) and _________ (place) in the centre of the circle for fire. The kitchen tent _________ (put up) near the sleeping tents. All the food _________ (put) inside this tent to keep it safe. The boys stayed in this camp for eight days.

(E)

(A/P) Let me tell you of a country where planting trees _________ (be) an essential part of life. This country is Israel. In Israel, in the days gone by, fathers _________ (plant) trees when their children _________ (bear). A cedar tree _________ (plant) if the child ________ (be) a boy, for cedars are usually tall and strong. But if the child _________ (be) a girl, the father _________ (plant) a cypress tree, for cypress suggests softness and sweetness. The children _________ (look) after these trees until they _________ (get) married. At the marriage ceremony, branches from these trees _________ (cut) to hold up the wedding tent.

(F)

Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive. It is a big factory. Five hundred people _________ (employ) there. _________ (somebody/clean) this room yesterday? Water _________ (cover) most of the earth’s surface. How much of the earth’s surface _________ (cover) by water? The park gates _________ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening. The letter _________ (post) a week ago and it _________ (arrive) yesterday. The boat hit a rock and _________ (sink) quickly. Fortunately everybody _________

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (rescue). (8) Richard’s parents _________ (die) when he was very young. He and his sister _________ (bring up) by their grand parents. (9) I was born in London, but I _________ (grow up) in Canada. (10) While I was on holiday, my camera _________ (steal) from my hotel room. (11) While I was on holiday, my camera _________ (disappear) from my hotel room. (12) Why _________ (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it? (13) Why _________ (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong? (14) The company is not independent. It ________ (own) by a much larger company. (15) I saw an accident last night. Somebody _________ (call) an ambulance but nobody _________ (injure), so the ambulance_________ (not/need). (16) Where _________ (these photographs/take)? In London? _________ (you/take) them, or somebody else? (17) Sometimes it is quite noisy living here, but it is not problem for me – I _________ (not/bother) by it.

(G)

(Simple Future) Mrs. Lal is the headmistress of a big school. The students of her school are going to stage a play Mrs. Lal is talking to the director. Mrs. Lal: Have the boy’s costumes been made? Director: They _________ (make) by the end of this week. Mrs. Lal: What about the girl’s dress? Director: They _________ (finish) tomorrow. Mrs. Lal: Have the curtains been mended? Director: I don’t think they _________ (mend) until Thursday. Mrs. Lal: What about the chairs? Director: I think they _________ (sell) in a couple of days. 82

(H)

Rewrite the sentences into the passive voice: 1. Pam has given Terry a new iPad. Terry ______________________________________ 2. The plumber repaired our heating yesterday. We had ____________________________________ 3. The children are going to draw some animals. Some animals _______________________________ 4. People believed that the Prime Minister lied about the crisis. It __________________________________________ 5. Paul rejected Mandy’s wedding invitation. Mandy’s _____________________________________ 6. The optician will test my grandfather’s eyes next month. My grandfather _____________________________ 7. Does the museum open on Sunday afternoon? Is ___________________________________________ 8. Every candidate has to attend an interview. An interview ________________________________ 9. Consumers say that the cost of living has shot up lately. The cost of living _____________________________ 10. How much does your family spend on Christmas presents? How much __________________________________ 11. Some students haven’t handed in the history essays yet. The history essays ___________________________ 12. This restaurant serves a cheap menu on weekdays. A cheap menu _______________________________ 13. The teacher didn’t allow us to leave before 2:30 p.m. We __________________________________________ 14. The farmer is milking the cow. The cow _____________________________________ 15. Dad made Sue clear the table. Sue _________________________________________ 16. S & S sells nice shoes at reasonable prices. Nice shoes ___________________________________

(I)

(Mixed) Last summer, I took an airplane flight from London to New York. I _________ (board) the plane at Croydon Airfield and, from that moment on, my life _________ (arrange) for me by the flight attendants on the trip. First, I _________ (direct) to my seat by the flight attendants. Then, when the plane _________ (be) ready to take off, the other passengers and I _________ (tell) to fasten our seat belts. Next, we _________ (advise) where the emergency exits were. I _________ (make) sure that I _________ (give) a seat next to an exit. A few minutes after take off, magazines and newspapers _________ (distribute). Because my ears hurt, I _________ (take) out some gum to chew. Next, we _________ (give) instructions on what to do in case of an emergency. I _________ (pay) two dollars for some earphones, which I _________ (use) later to watch the movie. Before dinner, we _________ (ask) if we _________ (want) a cocktail. Dinner _________ (serve) on a tray, and it _________ (be + not) too bad; it was chicken. We _________ (permit) to have a refill on any beverage. After dinner, we _________ (show) a funny movie. When I _________ (feel) cold, I _________ (give) a blanket, and when I felt airsick, I _________ (give) a paper bag. Everything _________ (do) for the 83

comfort of the passengers. When the plane _________ (land), I _________ (be) sorry to have to leave and start doing things for myself again.

(J)

(Mixed) Four burglars have escaped from custody only hours after _________ (sentence) to ten years in prison. They _________ (transfer) from the law courts in Manchester to Strangeways Prison. They _________ (find) guilty of stealing electrical goods and money from shops in the Manchester area. It _________ (think) that they were all members of the same gang. They escaped from the van in which they _________ (transport), when the driver _________ (force) to stop because of a tree across the road. It _________ (believe) that the tree _________ (place) by other members of the gang, who _________ (inform) of the route _________ (take) by the van. A full investigation of the events leading to escape _________ (order) and anyone with information _________ (ask) to contact the police to help with their enquiries.

(K)

Twenty five years ago, my father ______ (join) a well known law firm as a junior lawyer. Dad ______ (dedicate) and smart and he ______ (rise) quickly in the firm. Soon after, the firm ______ (employ) Mum as the personal assistant to the manager. Dad and Mum ______ (fall) in love and ______ (get) married six months later. Today, Dad ______ (hold) the position of a senior partner in the firm. My parents ______ (raise) three children. They ______ (give) us plenty of love, encouragement and sound advice when we were young. We ______ always ______ (be) grateful to them. Next Friday, my parents ______ (celebrate) their silver wedding anniversary. My brothers and I ______ (compere) an evening of entertainment. We ______ (present) them with gifts to cherish as mementos.

(L)

Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets. (1) A government minister _________ (find) guilty of fraud yesterday. (2) It was a lovely surprise to find all the washing-up _________ (do) while I was asleep. (3) These souvenirs _________ (make) by children from the local school. (4) I didn’t come here in order _________ (make) a fool of! (5) The votes _________ (count) right now and we should know the result before midnight. (6) This parcel appears _________ (open) before it _________ (deliver). (7) As he _________ (sack) from his previous job, he found it hard to get another. (8) The judges still have to decide which design _________ (award) the top prize. (9) Many accidents _________ (cause) by dangerous driving. (10) Cheese _________ (make) from milk. (11) The roof of the building _________ (damage) in a storm a few days ago. (12) You _________ (invite) to the wedding. Why didn’t you go? (13) A cinema is a place where films _________ (show). (14) In the US, elections for president _________ (hold) every four years. (15) Originally the book _________ (write) in Spanish, and a few years ago it _________ (translate) into English. (16) Although we were driving quite fast, we _________ (overtake) by a lot of other cars. (17) You can’t see the house from the road. It _________ (surround) by trees. (18) The situation is serious, something must _________ (do) before it’s too late. (19) I haven’t received that letter. That might _________ (send) to the wrong address. (20) A decision will not _________ (make) until the next meeting. (21) Do you think that more money should _________ (spend) on education? (22) This road is in very bad condition. It should _________ (repair) a long time ago. (23) The injured man couldn’t walk and had to _________ (carry). (24) It is not certain how the fire started. But it might _________ (cause) by an electrical fault. (25) I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to _________ (wake) at 6.30 the next morning. 84

(26)

(M) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

(N) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

(O) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

If you hadn’t pushed the policeman you wouldn’t _________ (arrest). Rewrite these sentences in Active Voice. Supply the subject yourself wherever needed: Her sweet will never be heard again in this hall. Superstitions are still believed in. These instructions can be easily understood. The account had already been checked by me. Living conditions are being gradually improved. It is often said that honesty pays in the long run. The late comers shouldn’t be permitted into the examination hall. Was the patient requested to wait? What are you being disturbed by? How many candidates were called for interview? Rotten eggs and tomatoes were thrown at the speaker. Rewrite these sentences in Passive Voice. Remove subjects if needed: Somebody cleans the room everyday. They cancelled all flights because of fog. People don’t use this road much. Somebody accused me of stealing money. How do people learn languages? Somebody warned us not to go out alone. Somebody has cleaned the room. They have postponed the meeting. Somebody is using the computers at the moment. I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation. When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game. They are building a new ring-road round the city. They have built a new hospital near the airport. Put the following sentences into the PASSIVE VOICE: Someone has already paid the electrician for his work. They taught him French and gave him a dictionary. When we first met, they had already offered me a job at the bank. A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting. A young woman asked the rest of us to be there at eight o’clock. They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation. Who wrote it? The author has written a special edition for children. Did the idea interest you? Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in? The burglars had cut a huge hole in the steel door. The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month. When did they ring the church bells? Does listening to music disturb you? The principal has announced a revised programme of terminal tests. They will build a flyover at this site. People often say that it pays to be honest. You can avoid many serious accidents with a little care. Don’t offer eatables to the animals. 85

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

This magazine contains much useful information. Why were they paying us so little? By 5 p.m., the guide had shown us all the places of historical interest. Do you deal in sports goods also? A senior student of her school gives her judo lessons. We expect our students to behave properly. Who has packed my luggage?

(P)

Change these sentences into PASSIVE FORM: People believe that the strike will end soon. People believe that the thieves got through the kitchen window. People say that the company is loosing a lot of money. When is he going to pay the taxes? Who has designed these buildings? How much do they spend on these activities? They broke a lot of plates while they were dancing. Who invented the electric bulb? People believe that they are secret agents. People think that he takes harmful drugs. Did they give you a great reception? Nobody sends her a card at Christmas. Did anyone call an ambulance after the accident? Will you pay the fine? (Q) Turn into the PASSIVE: a. Students should study environment problems at school. Environment problems _____________________________ b. Teachers could include this topic in their classes. This topic ________________________________________ c. Some people buy returnable bottles and use recycle paper. Returnable bottles _____________________________________ d. Governments have constantly ignored important issues on economic reasons. Important _________________________________________________ e. At school teachers advise students about pollution and its prevention. Students __________________________________________________ f. In developped countries authorities will lead everybody to cooperate. Everybody _______________________________________________ g. Everybody should throw their bottles into recycling bottle banks. Their bottles ______________________________________________ h. Parents must teach their children what to do about rubbish. Children _________________________________________________ i. Last year several nations held a meeting to discuss environmental problems. A meeting ________________________________________________ j. Organizations like Greenpeace are giving people leaflets about what to do. People ___________________________________________________ k. Mothers should teach children not to throw litter in the streets. Children _________________________________________________ l. Consumers could buy returnable recipients instead of throw away ones. Returnable _______________________________________________ m. In developped countries people are recycling glass, paper, metal and even plastic. Glass, paper ______________________________________________

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

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n. In underdeveloped countries everyone wastes and throws away useful objects. Useful objects _____________________________________________ o. Everybody should pass their bottles on to others when they no longer use them. Bottles ___________________________________________________

(R) Turn into the PASSIVE again 1. We should clean these windows before tomorrow. 2. The workers gave the boss some flowers. 3. The police followed the thieves into a building. 4. The mechanic can’t fix my car. 5. The neighbour has told us the news. 6. The students painted the walls last year. 7. The old woman feeds the pigeons every day. 8. They will pick up John at this office. 9. She showed the visitors the new house. 10. You shouldn’t throw litter on the ground. 11. The teacher asked the students a very difficult question at the oral exam. 12. First, we have to read the text and then, we have to do the exercises. 13. His parents promised Tom a hundred Euros if he passed the test. 14. Did they repair all the windows? 15. The news surprised us all. 16. Is the teacher correcting the exams right now? 17. Someone has sent John a mysterious letter. 18. Where did they find the book? 19. The taxi driver drove us to the airport. 20. Many people have seen a UFO in this area. 21. Have they watered the plants? 22. Someone stole my purse while I was doing the shopping. 23. The secretary has already sent all the documents to Mr. Smith. 24. They have offered Michael an excellent job in a British company. 25. The police could arrest the bank robbers when they were crossing the border. 26. Someone has used the computer without permission. 27. My grandmother is baking a delicious cake. 28. The maid was cleaning my hotel room when I came in.

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REPORTED SPEECH  Expression of time & place Direct Today Yesterday The day before yesterday Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next week/day/year... Last week/year… A week/year ago Now  Modals: Can May Must Shall Will  Demonstratives: This These Here

Reported that day the day before two days before the next/following day in two days time the following week/year… the previous week/year… a year before/the previous year. then /that time could might had to should would that those there

TENSE PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

DIRECT SPEECH “I work hard.”

TENSE PAST SIMPLE

REPORTED SPEECH He said that he worked hard.

“I am working hard.”

PAST CONTINUOUS

He said that he was working hard.

PAST SIMPLE

“I worked hard yesterday.” “I was working hard at six this morning.”

PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

He said that he had worked hard the previous day / the day before. He said that he had been working hard at six that morning.

“I have worked hard.”

PAST PERFECT

He said that he had worked hard.

“I have been working hard.”

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

He said that he had been working hard.

“I had worked hard.”

PAST PERFECT

He said that he had worked hard.

“I will work hard.”

CONDITIONAL

He said that he would work hard.

PAST CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT FUTURE SIMPLE

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PRACTICE A. Put the following into indirect speech using the given reporting verbs. “We don’t like his attitude” (say) “I’m not competent to give advice on this subject” (claim) “Please tell us the latest news that you have heard” (request) “Will you have supper with us after the performance tonight?” (wonder) B. Put these statements using introductory verbs in the past. “I have no reason not to believe you” “I’ll pay a hundred and fifty” “She’s been crying till she’s half blind” her mother reports “Don’t go too deep into the water” she told her children “They lie and steal and have to be watched all the time” she noted “I’m looking for sunny side cottage. I don’t suppose you’ve heard of it” “Don’t leave me here alone!” “I shall never claim of any trouble to you” “Mrs. Joe has been out a dozen times, looking for you, Pip”. “And she is out now.” C. Rewrite in Reported Speech 1. ‘I watch a film on Saturdays.’ Caroline said 2. ‘He’s my best friend.’ Fred told me 3. ‘The scarf is in my bag.’ Janice said 4. ‘This film wasn’t very interesting.’ Tom told me 5. ‘This isn’t my school.’ Jerry said 6. ‘We’ll walk for half an hour’ Yesterday Jennifer told me 7. ‘These T-shirts don’t fit me.’ Mike said 8. ‘We’re parking our car here.’ They said 9. ‘It’s my boyfriend’s birthday party tomorrow.’ Helen told me 10. ‘I think there will be a students’ meeting very soon.’ He said 11. ‘It’s difficult to finish this project this week.’ The students said 12. ‘I’m not busy now.’ Alicia told me 13. ‘I don’t want these CDs anymore.’ My brother said 14. ‘We feel fine now.’ The girls said 15. ‘We’re going to the shopping today.’ My parents told me 16. ‘She had finished her homework when I arrived.’ Mary said 17. ‘I often think about my future.’ Marik said 18. ‘I go the doctor tomorrow. I am not feeling well’ Helen said D. Make indirect sentences in the past. 1 1) 'When did you buy this television set?' Frank to Jenny 2) 'Why will you plant trees in the garden?' Mr Ford to Lola 3) 'Let's play basketball.' I to Ben 4) 'I met your mother yesterday.' Mrs Gibson to Dave 5) 'What is the capital of India?' Sally to Rob 6) 'Tidy your room, children.' Mother 7) 'You are standing on my foot now.' Sally to Rob 8) 'Will you help me with my homework?' Sally to Rob 9) 'Meet me in front of the cinema.' Frank to Jenny 10) 'Were you looking after your little sister yesterday, Julie? Frank 2 1. “I spent a lot last Friday”, she said 2. “I worked hard last week”, he said 89

3. “You have extra lessons this week”, they told us 4. “I’ve won a fortune on the football pools”, my uncle said 5. “Mrs Johnson isn’t at work today because she is ill”, the secretary said 6. “I’m going to buy a car tomorrow”, he told me 7. “I don’t have much money”, Tony told me 8. “It may rain at the weekend”, he said 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

“Who’s that girl?” , I asked “What’s your name?”, the boy asked me “Do you have any brothers or sisters?”, I asked her “Did you hear that explosion?”, they asked us “have you spent all your money?”, his mother asked “ When did Peter get up?”, I asked them “Where have they gone?”, she asked me “Do you think it will rain tomorrow?” I asked him

4 1. “Don’t touch that”, my mum said (tell) 2. “Have a rest!” She said (tell) 3. “Please, don’t drive so fast” his wife said (ask) 4. “ Don’t tell anybody” I said (warn) 5. “Give this to your brother”, my father said (tell) 6. “Would you like to go on holiday with us?” they said (invite) 7. “Don’t forget to post the letter” she said (remind) 8. “If I were you, I wouldn’t take the job” she told him (advise) 9. “Let’s walk instead of waiting for the bus”, Philip said

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PRACTICE II I. Complete the sentences in reported speech. 1. He said, "I like this song." → He said ……………………………………………………………………………............... 2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me. → She asked me ……………………………………………………………………………..… 3. "I don't speak Italian," she said. → She said …………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. "Say hello to Jim," they said. → They asked me ……………………………………………………………………………... 5. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said. → He said ……………………………………………………………………………………... 6. "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says. → She asks Peter………………………………………………………………………………. 7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him. → She asked him ……………………………………………………………………………… 8. "I never make mistakes," he said. → He said ……………………………………………………………………………………... 9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know. → He wanted to know ………………………………………………………………………… 10. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience. → The stuntman advised the audience ………………………………………………………... II. Turn the following sentences into reported speech 1 Robin said, “These biscuits taste delicious.” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 “I can’t see you this afternoon because I’ve got a lot to do,” Ann told me. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Fiona said, “That picture was painted by my great grandmother.” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 “The sun goes around the Earth!” Copernicus said. …………………………………………………………………………………………………........... 5 “I received a parcel this morning, but I haven’t opened it yet,” Tom said. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 “Can you speak English?”, she asked ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 “Is your hotel near here?” , he asked. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 “Have you visited Buckingham Palace?”, he asked. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….................. 9 “Close the door.” He told me…………................................................................................................................................ 10 “Don’t do that again!” He told me ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 “I borrowed you favourite jumper,” David said. ADMITTED …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 “I didn’t leave the garden gate open,” she said. DENIED …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 "Don't fly kites near electric overhead cables," said my father. WARNED …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 91

14 “ I won’t do that” , he said. REFUSED ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15 “Let’s go for a walk,” he said. SUGGESTED …………………………………………………………………………………………………............... III. Rewrite the sentences into reported speech. Use the verbs in brackets. 1. “Why don’t we go to Brazil on holiday next summer?! (suggest) Paul ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. “I’m not wearing this dress for the party, definitely!” (refuse) Carol ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. “The new teacher will start teaching next week.” (announce) The headmaster …………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. “Where are you going so fast, Sally?” (want to know) Dave …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. “Don’t make so much noise, children or the neighbours will phone the police now.” (tell) Dad ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. “Can you make me some coffee please, I’m exhausted.” (ask). Mum ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7. “The Smiths have bought a new car this morning.” (say) Alice ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. “I wouldn’t miss my lessons if I were you, Tom.” (advise) Emily ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. “We’re so sorry for being late, but we couldn’t park the car as soon as we expected.” (apologize) They ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. “My sister studies at London University this year.” (comment) Tom ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11. Where did you put your iPod, Sue?” (be interested in knowing) Lewis …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12. “OK, Tony, I’ll give you a lift to the airport.” (agree) Paul ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13. “You can’t enter the library if you haven’t got your card.” (prohibit) The librarian ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14. “Are you ready to leave now, Andy?” (ask) Mary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15. “I’m going to buy a present for my mum this evening.” (say) Alice ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. IV. Rewrite these sentences into reported speech. 1. “Is Tony talking to your brother, Susan?” Paul asked 2. “My parents went to Italy last summer.” Sue commented 3. “Will you post the letter for me, Pam?” I asked 4. “Sam hasn’t come back from England yet.” Adam said 5. “You should check your blood pressure, Mr Black is too high.” Dr Newman advised 6. “Were you at Patrick’s last Saturday, Tim?” Donald wanted to know 92

7. “Let’s have a party to celebrate Halloween with our friends.” Becky suggested 8. “I won’t forget to buy the food you want for tonight’s dinner, Mike.” Helen promised 9. “We must do our homework every day or our teachers get angry.” Dave said 10. “Do you want something to eat, Jim?” Carols asked 11. “I’m sorry, I can’t pay for your meal, Sarah, I’m broke.” Terry apologised 12. “What’s the weather like in Paris now? The holidaymakers wanted to know 13. “You can’t use the lift, Dick, you aren’t old enough.” The porter ordered 14. “How did you find out about my affair, Carrie? Carrie’s husband was interested in knowing 15. “It’s going to rain tomorrow.” The weatherman announced 16. “Can you make coffee for me, Susan?” Tom asked V. Rewrite the sentences into direct speech: 1. My friend advised me not to drink alcohol that night since I had to drive back home. 2. The teacher remarked that our exams were really well. 3. Tony asked me when we would meet for dinner. 4. Sally commented that she had travelled to Rome twice the previous year. 5. Dan’s sister refused to do the washing up for him. 6. The passenger wanted to know when the plane would land. 7. Adam suggested wearing smart clothes to Tom’s party the next Friday. 8. Mandy said she had forgotten to lock the garage when she had left that morning. 9. The children asked the teacher if they had to bring the dictionary the following day. 10. My father remarked that the new laptop didn’t work very well. 11. Peter wanted to know what time the new TV show began. 12. Molly offered to do the shopping for me. 13. Pam’s mother told her to tidy her room then 14. Dave invited Sue to have dinner that night. 15. Ted apologized for not having prepared dinner yet.

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MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How long___________ your car? a. are you having b. have you had c. you are having 2. After___________ some time with my family, I traveled to London a. spending b. have spent c. have spending 3. Would you mind___________ the book I gave you? a. to return b. returning c. to returning 4. I don’t feel__________ to the cinema. a. to going b. like going c. to go 5. I______ him for years. a. have known b. know c. have been knowing 6. _________ it go dark, I began to feel afraid. a. While b. As soon as c. Until 7. Don’t work so hard. You _______very tired. a. look as if b. looking as if c. look 8. The people_____________ house we’re staying in live in England. a. whitch b. whose c. where 9. I heaven’t finished my homework________. a. already b. still c. yet 10. I____________ in California when I met my friend Joe. a. worker b. was working c. working 11. Can you ______________the keys when you get home? a. give to her b. give her c. to give her

12. Although students ____ Everton are ____ in their early __, we are accepting more and more ___ applicants. a. attend, generally, twenty, older b. attending, generally, twenties, olders c. attending, generally, twenties, olders 13. Ideally, they_____have completed_______ one year_______university. a. should, at last, in b. must, as least, at c. should, at least, in 14. Although I made_________ impression during my job interview, I don’t think I’m going to be hired a. a successful b. an important c. a favorable 15. I’d like you to_____ some recent photos__________ you write me. a. enclose, next time b. enter, next time c. enclose, , the next time 16. In his speech, the president ______ the importance_________our productivity a. pointed, of increasing b. stressed, of to increase c. stressed, of increasing 17. “Why aren’t you working?” “Because I don’t know what________” a. do I do b. am I doing c. to do 18. If you follow the____________you’ll learn how to operate this stereo system. a. writings b. descriptions c. instructions 19. “I work as a journalist for a national newspapers”. “That___________a really interesting job”. a. must be b. would have been c. will be 20. “You probably get a really great salary”. “I’m not really as__________as you think Iam” a. paid well b. well paid c. well paying 21. “ What sort of job are you looking for?”

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“I’d like to have a job_________use the foreign languages I know” a. that can b. where to c. where I can 22. “How good are you at keeping deadlines?” “I always finish my work when I_________.” a. am supposing b. am supposed to c. have suppose 23. I bought a _______,_______,_________sweater. a. red, new, woolen b. woolen, new, red c. new, red, wollen 24. I’d like to ask you some questions about your_________background. a. education b. educational c. educated 25. “You’re late” “I_________ here fasted because there was such a heavy traffic”. a. can’t get b. wasn’t getting c. couldn’t get 26. I wonder__________you’d mind lending me your calculator a. how b. whether c. when 27. “Anne’s not here now, but I can take a message for her.” . “O.K. Please___________her to call Joe at eight o’clock” a. to tell b. could you tell c. tell 28. I work_______ small ________company. a. for, publishing b. in a, publishing c. for a, publishing 29. The company has_________an office in Paris. a. opened b. oppened c. open 30. I have been_________to run a new office _________Paris. a. chose, in the b. chosen, in c. choosen, at 31.Alexandra said she__________their marketing manager. a. was

b. were c. is 32. You ____obviously ______ill for several days. a. have, been b. had, be c. has, been 33. What did she say? She said she __to talk to you. a. doesn’t have b. aren’t about c. didn’t want 34. It is dreadful having ______a room with her. She is so untidy! a. sharing b. to share c. to stay 35. Can you really_________to buy that CD__________now? a. affrord, recorder b. afford, players c. afford, player 36. ______ you ring me to let me_________you_______safely? a. should, know, ‘re b can, know, are c. can, know, would be 37. Why____Andrew_______mistakes all the time? a. does, make b. is, making c. -, makes 38. How do you get_____ _____ your parents? a. -, with b. well, with c. on, with 39. What sort of_________car has Christine__________this time? a. -, buy b. a, buy c. -, bought 40. My sister had always______selfconscious about_______nose so she decided to go to________clinic _________an operation__________will straighten it. a. been, her, a, for, which b. be, his, a, for, who c. been, her, the, for, who 41. You________be very proud of your son________so many prizes. a. will, to win b. will, wining c. must, winning 42. We thought our cousins_______ us when they were in town last week, but they didn’t even phone. I suppose they________too busy. a. would pay a visit, are all the time

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b. would visit, must have been c. will visit, are 43. I have just_______the garage to check whether they’ve__________my car, but I_________get an answer. a. rung, fixed, can’t b. ring, fixed, cannot c. rung, fix, cannot 44. Why did you walk all the way from the station? You_________for a lift. a. had to phoned b. could have phoned c. should to ring me up 45. The expenses will be_________by__________taxpayer. a. Supported, b. borne, the c. borne, those 46. It is one of___________cities in England. a. most polluted b. the most polluted c. polluted 47. The___________of the negotiations is uncertain yet. a. results b. rules c. outcome 48. He finally __________to get in touch with him. a. succeede b managed c. succeeded 49. There__________great_________betwee n the two countries. Close relations __________between them. a. are, differences, exist b. are, difference, exists c. is a, difference, are 50. She is _________ French and American. a. both b. also c. too 51. He should________ the waiter a bigger tip. a. given b. have given c. gave 52. He__________in politics since the last ________. a. was interested, elections b. has been interested, elections c. have been interested, voting 53. They are ___________ good friends, I_________ I had a car to see them more often.

a. such, wish b. my, want c. -, wanted 54. I___________ never manage to remember how________that door. a. can, to open b. will, oppening c. cannot, to open 55. In the USA, young__________ are lucky to__________to drive at sixteen in some states. a. peoples, can b. people, be allowed c. people, allow 56. I________ two years in __________United States several years ago. a. spent, b. spend, c. spent, the 57. She _________ alone for ten years, since her parents’death. a. has been living b. has been leaving c. had been leaving 58. Whatever arguments the Union leader used in_________speech, he_________failed to convince ________ nation. a. his, has, the b. his, has, a c. her, her, the 59. Are you interested__________photography? a. for b. in c. at 60. I prefer travelling by airplane_________ it’s usually faster and more__________than other means of transportation. a. although, comfortable b. since, comfortable c. furthermore, suitable 61. It was your birthday yesterday, _________? a. wasn’t it b. didn’t c. or it wasn’t 62. “ Where will we be able to have lunch?” “ Don’t worry . There are a lot of nice places________ downtown.” a. for us eating b. for eat at c. for eating 63. “What would you do if you lost your job?” “I guess _________another one.” a. I would have looked for b. I would look for

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c. To look for b. neither 64. “ Why have you decided not to buy the c. both car?” 75. Flight nineteen from Paris is now arriving “Because I ____________.” at ___________. a. don’t afford it a. gate two b. can’t afford it b. the gate two c. can’t afford c. the second gate 65. If you __________an effort, you will 76. The greater the demand, finish your work by two o’clock. ____________the price. a. try a. the highest b. make b. higher c. do c. the higher 66. John is a very _____friend of mine and 77. The Oxford University was__________in we’ve known each other for years. the thirteenth century. a. near a. founded b. firm b. found c. close c. renovated 67. I’ve been asked to be the_________ of 78. We__________ swim near windsurfers. ceremonies at our school’s graduation dinner. a. wouldn’t a. leader b. oughtn’t b. speaker c. shouldn’t c. master 79. We never stop____________a language. 68. Your money will be______ if you are not a. learning satisfied with our service. b. learn a. rejoined c. to learn b. refunded 80. If I _____________you, I’d write that c. restored letter straight away. 69. It is healthier to eat apples without a. have been ____________ them. b. had been a. cleaning c. were b. undoing 81. I don’t want to cook. Let’s buy c. peeling some__________food 70. Most of the tenants who_________in our a. take home apartament building are students. b. take away a. rent c. take off b. reside 82. They have some very c. set lovely___________in their garden. 71. My teacher always _________me on the a. booths back whenever I do good work. b. bushes a. hits c. wigs b. pats c. hands 83. His uncle’s son is his ___________. 72. He couldn’t listen to his walkman because a. brother-in –law his mother had_________the batteries. b. nephew a. tied c. cousin b. remover 84. He contributed a great deal to the c. changed development of our culture_________-. 73. I can’t do this puzzle. I ____________! a. wrinting, as a teacher and a. give out lecturer b. give up b. wrinting, teaching and c. give off lecturing 74. _____________ of them could win the c. wrinting, teaching and as a quiz. It was very difficult. lecturer a. either 85. “ According to a recent report, the number of automobile accidents has actually gone down. The reason for this decrease can be attributed to better driver education.”

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Based an the above astatements, there are fewer car accidents, because: a. there are better cars on the road b. drivers are better trained c. drivers are very educated 86. “ Ticket prices: $30.000One Way- All Destinations, out of which: 50%discount for night-time trips; Passengers who are 18 years of age and younger pay 90%of the fare; Passengers who are 5 years the age and younger travel free-of-charge. How much would you pay if you were sixteen years old? a. more than $20.000 b. less than $15.000 c. 10% off the regular fare 87. “ I’m fictional character in a play by Shakespeare. I live in Verona. My family are the swor enemies of the Montagues, but unfortunately I am madly in love with one of them. In our story, we get married secretly, but then things start to go drastically wrong. The end of our love story takes place in my family’s vault where my lover poisons himself and I end up stabbing myself with a dagger. Sad, isn’t it? My name is……..”. a. Robert Kennedy b. The Duke of Windsor c. Juliet Capulet 88. “ The ability to deal with people is as purchasable a commodity as sugar or coffee. And I will pay more for that ability than for any other the sun.” Who might these words belong to? a. John D. Rockefeller b. Benjamin Franklin c. Albert Einstein 89. Find the correct interpretation: He gave an accurate description of the man. a. He handled them a report about the man b. He described the man accusingly c. He gave a correct and exact description of the man. 90. Find the correct interpretation: Every writer is a student of human nature. a. Writers always want to become students again. b. Writers always learn about the human nature c. Writers’ human nature is similar to students’ one 91. Find the correct interpretation: Before they moved in, they cleaned the house thoroughly. a. They cleaned the house from top to bottom and then they moved in b. They went through the house to make sure it was clean before moving in c. They decided to clean the house they had moved in 92. Find the correct interpretation: They only knew basic language. a. They had a very small vocabulary b. They were very coarse c. They used a simple computing language 93. Find the correct interpretation: The USA is almost as large as Europe. a. Europe is slightly bigger than the USA b. Europe is as big as the USA c. The USA is much bigger than Europe 94. Find the correct interpretation: There were fifteen people besides me applying for the job a. Fifteen people were standing next to me in the queue for the job b. There were fifteen of us who wanted the job c. I was not applying for the job 95. Find the correct interpretation: As he walked through the door, she walked out. a. He walked in and at the same time she walked out b. Before he walked in, she walked out c. He walked in and then she walked out 96. Find the correct interpretation: Plase, take a seat! a. Pick one up and take it away b. I don’t want all my seats any more

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c. Sit down 97. Find the correct interpretation: How on earth did you find me? a. You’ll never find out where I am b. It is quite difficult to get hold of me, but you did c. What do you think of me? 98. Find the correct interpretation: I am not actually on the list of candidates a. My mane is not on the list of candidates b. My name is not on the list, but it will be soon c. I withdrew my mane from the list of candidates 99. Find the correct interpretation: He could have studied English last year. a. He has studies English, but he doesn’t any more b. He was able to study English last year. c. He had the opportunity to study English but didn’t take it 100. Choose the best synonym for the words 107. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: He was CONFIDENT in written in capital letters: As he seemed to be a his approaches coward, everybody TAUNTED him. a. trustful a. accused b. certain b. ridiculed c. tolerant c. pointed at 101. Choose the best synonym for the words 108. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: Helen was definitely a written in capital letters: She cast a FURTIVE SHREWD woman glance at her partner a. stupid a. brief b. clever b. sly c. direct c. casual 102. Choose the best synonym for the words 109. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: His DESULTORY remaks written in capital letters: Their sudden outburst was made the vistors feel confused obiously genuine, it couldn’t have been a. good CONTRIVED. b. initial a. False c. untidy b. planned 103. Choose the best synonym for the words c. dissolute written in capital letters: Her CONSPICUOUS 110. Choose the best synonym for the words achievements are her best recommendation written in capital letters: a. well-known She was a THRIFTY housekeeper, an important b. remarkable matter to one of his small means and never wasted a c. social penny. 104. Choose the best synonym for the words a. kind written in capital letters: The report was b. poor SCATHING about the lack of safety. c. sparing a. scornful 111. Choose the best synonym for the words b. very critical written in capital letters: c. clear He proved himself a BOLD and ASTUTE 105. Choose the best synonym for the words commander. written in capital letters: His RUGGED manners a. brave, cunning betrayed his low origins. b. brave, engaged a. awful c. fearless, severe b. indecent 112. Choose the best synonym for the words c. coarse written in capital letters: 106. Choose the best synonym for the words With a sign he TOSSED the programme back on the written in capital letters: I was STUNNED by the table. news of her death. a. put a. impressed b. filled in b. shocked c. cast c. stunted

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TENSE REVISION Past & Present Perfect Richard Fox (1)___________(live) in Hong Kong for around seven years and for the past two years he (2)_________(share) a flat in Wan Chai. He originally (3)________ (come) here on holiday but (4)_________(decide) to stay on when he heard that it was easy to find a job as a teacher. He (5)___________(work) for three different schools over the years and (6)____________(just/start) work for his fourth employer. He likes Hong Kong because of its convenient location in Asia which (7)__________(allow) him to visit a lot of countries in the region. To date he (8)___________(be) to China, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodgia. He (9)____________(not/be) to Macau as he says he’s not interested in gambling. He likes the food in this part of the world and (10) ___________(try) a lot of dishes that he (11)_____________(not/hear of ) before he (11)__________(come) here. While on holiday in China a couple of years ago he even (12)___________(try) dog, which he describes as ‘quite tasty’. He (13)___________(not/sample) monkeys’ brains yet, but says he’ll give anything a try...once. He says that living in a city like Hong Kong is very different to the small town in England where he (14)___________(grew up) and (15) ____________(give) him a broader outlook on life. He (16)______________(never / have to) learn a foreign language before he (17)_____________(come) here. Nor (18)________________(meet) many people from Asia. He still finds communication with local people difficult at times and he (18)__________(be) lazy about learning Chinese. However, he (19) ________________ (at last / enroll) for a course in spoken Cantonese which (start) ___________(20) next week. Present Tense – Simple or progressive 1. They normally _____________________ lunch at two. (have) 2. Are _____________________ in Paris this week? (you work) 3. You _____________________ new clothes every Saturday! (buy) 4. I played football at school but now I _____________________ swimming (prefer) 5. I _____________________ no idea what the book is about. Can you tell me what it’s about? (have) 6. John _____________________ a difficult time at the university this year (have) 7. My father _____________________ everything about cars, but nothing about bicycles. (know) 8. The moon _____________________ round the earth. (go) 9. Do _____________________ those men at the door? – They _____________________ at us very strangely (you see, look) 10. We _____________________ that the contents of this letter should be changed.(feel) 11. They _____________________ lunch at the moment. – You shouldn’t disturb them. (have) 12. The watch _____________________ to my grandmother. (belong) 13. I _____________________ what you _____________________ me but I don’t agree with you (hear, tell) 14. This medicine _____________________ a new substance (contain) 15. These days we _____________________ tests at school. (always have) 16. Why _____________________ my coat? – Oh, I’m sorry. It _____________________ like mine! (you wear, look) 17. This cake 100

_____________________ strange. What’s in it? (smell) 18. Hi Jake. – What _____________________ at the moment? – I _____________________ the sunshine at the beach. (you do, enjoy) 19. Where __________________________ from? (new neighbours, come) 20. What _____________________ for a living? - He is a government official but he quit his job a few weeks ago. – And what _____________________ now? – At the moment he _____________________ for a new job. (your Dad do, he do, look) Past Tense – Simple or progressive 1. It ______________________ (rain) when we __________________ (come) out of the shopping centre. 2. It _________________(happen) very quickly. The car ______________________ (come) out of the side road and then the van ______________________ (drive) into the back of it. 3. I ______________________ (be) ill last week. 4. He ______________________ (break)his leg when he ______________________ (ski) . 5. I ______________________ (look)out of the window and saw that people __________________ (walk) in the park. 6. Emma ______________________ (pass) her exam a few weeks ago. 7. When we ______________________ (see) the spaceship we ___________________(stop) the car. 8. When ______________________ (you buy) the car? – I ______________________ (buy) it a few years ago. 9. He ______________________ (sit) in the garden when a wasp ______________________(sting) him in the nose. 10. Claire ______________________ (go) to Egypt last month. 11. She ______________________ (have) a beautiful dream when the alarm clock ________________ (ring). 12. The car ______________________ (stop) at the lights. 13. We ______________________ (drive) home in the middle of the night when we ______________ (see) a flashing light. 14. Soft music ______________________ (play) when I ______________________ (go) into the room. 15. ______________________ (you buy) that bag while I ______________________ (look) after the children? 16. It ______________________ (be) peaceful and the birds ______________________ (sing). 17. Was _________________________(Jimmy, already wait) for you when you ______________________ (get) there? 18. I ______________________ (ring) at about 3 o’clock yesterday, but you ______________________ (not pick) up the phone. – What ______________________ (you do) ? – I ______________________ (help) Dad in the garden so I probably ______________________ (not hear)it. 19. I ______________________ (lie) in the bath when the phone ______________________ (ring). It ______________________ (stop) after a few rings. 20. It ______________________ (be) cold when we ______________________ (leave) the house that day. Fill in the correct form of the Present Perfect tense! 1. The earth __________________ here for billions of years (be). 2. We ________________________ cards for the last few hours (play). 3. We ________________________ problems with our new car recently (have) 4. ____________________________ on anything interesting lately ?(you work) 5. Cuba ________________________ a socialist country since 1959 (be) 6. I ________________________ care of my neighbour’s cats while they are away (take) 7. I ________________________ my car for three years (have). 8. ________________________________ an important fight? (the boxer , ever, win) 9. John and Mary ________________________ with each other since the day they got married (quarrel). 10. It ________________________ hard since last night (rain). 11. I’m tired because I ________________________ well lately. (not feel) 12. _________________________________ your problems? (your parents, always, understand) 13. The patient ________________________ 101

penicillin for several days now (take) 14. A big earthquake ________________________ San Francisco since 1906. (not hit) 15. They ___________________________ in San Francisco since they arrived in the USA 20 years ago. (live) 16. He got ill five weeks ago and ________________________ yet. (not recover) 17. Everyone in the Middle East ________________________ about the situation for decades (worry). 18. We ________________________ very cold weather this year (have) 19. Where ________________________ the money? (you, hide) 20. At last ,my favourite team ________________________ against its most important rival (win) 21. I ________________________ for 6 years. (be married) 22. Dad ________________________ a number of jobs in the last few years (have). 23. The bank is still closed. It ________________________ yet. (not open) 24. Our daughter ___________________________ lipstick since she was 16 (wear). 25. She is angry because her boyfriend ________________________ up yet and she ________________________ for half an hour. (not show, wait). 26. I’m still waiting for an answer. They ________________________ up their minds yet. (not make) 27. How many times ________________________ the cat today? (Kim feed) 28. The kids ________________________ on my nerves. They ________________________ too much noise (get, make). 29. My company ________________________ a lot of money in the last few years. They ________________________ hard on an important project. (make, work). 30. They ________________________ our new refrigerator yet, but they will any day now. (not deliver) Fill in the correct form of the verb – All tenses 1. My family ___________________ (buy) some land in southern France recently. They ___________________ (build) a summer house there at the moment. 2. Andy and Mary ___________________ (go) to a concert tomorrow night. They ____________________________ (look forward to) it the whole week. 3. Jonathon ___________________ (watch) the news on TV every day and it ___________________ (help) him with his English. 4. My car ___________________ (break) down when I ___________________ (drive) home from work. I ________________________ (fix) it if I ___________________ (know) what was wrong. But I didn’t so ___________________ (have) to take it to the garage. 5. When he ___________________ (found) Microsoft, Bill Gates was only 20 years old. He ___________________________ (already write) his first computer programme six years earlier. 6. An accident ___________________ (happen) near my house last night. A car _______________ (hit) a young man. He ___________________ (ride) his bike when someone in front of him suddenly ___________________ (open) a car door. Many people ___________________ (see) the accident. The police ___________________ (interrogate) them last night. 7. Mrs Smith said that one day she ________________________ (retire) from teaching. She said that she ___________________ (spend) her new free time learning about computers. 8. I ______________________ (not sleep) at all last night. Someone ___________________ (listen) to music all night. 9. I ___________________ (see) a film a week ago, but I _______________________ (not enjoy) it very much because I _______________________ (already read) the book. If I ___________________ (not read) the book I ____________________________ (probably enjoy) the film more. 10. The judge sentenced the man to eight years in prison because he ___________________ (rob) a bank. 11. They ________________________ (stand) in the queue for over an hour when the manager ___________________ (tell) them that there were no more tickets. 12. Alan ___________________ (be) in the car accident yesterday. The other driver 102

___________________ (lose) control of his car because he ___________________ (fall) asleep. 13. She ___________________ (not see) her father since he ___________________ (start) to work in Marseille two years ago. 14. I ___________________ (sleep) when the fire broke out. 15. Linda phoned and explained that she _________________________ (not can) to come to the party the next day because she ___________________ (be) still sick. 16. I ________________________ (just see) the film “The Da Vinci Code”. – ___________________ (you see) it too? – No, I ___________________ (not have) but I ___________________ (read) the book. 17. My sister ___________________ (fly) home from London today. Her flight ___________________ (arrive) in an hour so I ___________________ (leave) for the airport right now to get there in time. 18. Unless he ___________________ (sell) more he won’t get much money. 19. While he ___________________ (wait) for the bus there ___________________ (be) a robbery at the bank. After the robbers ___________________ (go) away the police ___________________ (come) but they ___________________ (not can) to catch them. 20. I ___________________ (use) to ski when I was at the university but I ___________________ (break) a leg five years ago and since then I ___________________ (not ski) any more. Fill in the correct form verb – All Tenses 1. I _______________ a great film yesterday. (see) 2. _____________________ a new car? (you ever buy) 3. I _______________ him last Monday. (meet) 4. The band _______________ while I _______________ . (play, write) 5. She _______________ the new car in 2005. (buy) 6. Her mother _____________________ in Victoria for the past five years. (live) 7. They ____________________________ in Germany when we arrived a few days ago. (already be) 8. _______________________ to get married? (you plan) 9. I _____________________ so much fun since I was a kid. (have) 10. When I got up I _____________________ out of the window and _____________________ that it _____________________ . (look, see, rain) 11. Janet _____________________ for Smith and Brothers before she came to work for us. (work) 12. I _____________________ three movies so far this week. (see) 13. How long _____________________ for me? (you wait) 14. I _____________________ over Loch Ness last week. - _____________________ the Loch Ness monster? (fly, you see) 15. I’m afraid I’m not hungry. I _____________________ . (already eat) 16. Peter _____________________ football in the afternoon when he got the call. (play) 17. “What _____________________ between 9 and 12 yesterday morning”, the detective said. (you do) 18. He kept looking at her, wondering where he _____________________ her before. (see) 19. The doctor’s waiting room was full of people. Some _____________________ a magazine, a woman _____________________ and a child _____________________ with a doll. Suddenly the door _____________________ and a nurse _____________________ out. (read, knit, play, open, come) 20. Travelling _____________________ much easier and more comfortable in the past hundred years. (become) 21. I _____________________ cake. That’s why my hands are full of flour. (bake) 22. When I first came to this house it _____________________ quite a noisy area. (be) 23. He twisted his ankle while he _____________________ . (ski) 24. _____________________ the doors before you leave the house? (you ever lock) 25. My best friend and I _____________________ each other for 15 years. (know) 26. Jack usually _____________________ but he _____________________ when his father comes. (smoke, not smoke) 27. _____________________ breakfast yet? – Yes I had it together with Sue at 7. (you have) 28. I _____________________ this kind of work when I was a small boy. (do) 29. He _____________________ the paper when his wife came home. (read) 30. He 103

_____________________ for an hour now. I’ll be finished soon. (speak) 31. How long _____________________ John and Maria?- We met the couple over thirteen years ago. (you know) 32. He _____________________ in Oxford for two years and when his mother died he moved to London. (live) 33. After Harry _____________________ his work he _____________________ Jude from the office. (finish, call) 34. You _____________________ your homework for two hours. Haven’t you finished yet? (do) 35. He always _____________________ to the supermarket alone, but today he _____________________ his son with him. (go, take) 36. He never _____________________ in the evening, only on Sundays. (work) 37. I _____________________ to South America but I have been to New York several times. (never, be) 38. _____________________ Jean? – No, she probably went to her friend’s place. (anyone, see) 39. I _____________________ to the bank yesterday but when I got there it was closed. (go) 40. She _____________________ in school all day. (be) 41. Lee _____________________ late every day since Tuesday. (be) 42. Herbert’s father _____________________ his son’s birthday (never forget) 43. I _____________________ my report because I had a problem with my computer. (not finish)

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CLAUSES OF PURPOSE,RESULT & REASON Clause of purpose: we use: to + infinitive: She went to the baker’s to buy bread. in order to: Sally is saving money in order to buy a new car. so that +subject + will/can: He is working hard so that he can save to buy a house. in case + present/past: I’ll make a cake in case they come in order not /so as not +to infinitive: (are used in negative sentences) Clause of result:we use: so + clause (so, therefore) They were thirsty so they drank all the coke. so +adjective/adverb + that: The coffee was so hot that we couldn’t drink it. such +a/an +adjective + singular noun + that: It was such a lovely day that we had lunch in the garden. such +adjective +plural noun/uncountable noun +that: She bought such delicious sweets that I couldn’t stop eating. Clause of reason:we use because +clause: They were wet because it was raining. because of + noun: They couldn’t play tennis because of the bad weather. as/since: (are normally used at the begginig of the sentence). As it is your birthday, I will make you a cake.

PRACTICE TIME A. Join the sentences with the linking words in brackets. Make the necessary changes. 1. The fans were really disappointed. The actor didn’t sign any autographs (since). 2. The harvest couldn’t start. It rained heavily the previous day (due to). 3. She hasn’t had much time after school. Our teacher hasn’t marked the exams yet (because). 4. It didn’t suit Mary. She didn’t buy the dress (since). 5. Our neighbours were having a party last night. We couldn’t sleep well (owing to). 6. They had to put some warm clothes on. The weather got terribly cold at night (because of). 7. Tom didn’t know Mary was coming to London. She didn’t phone Tom (since). 8. The play was boring and difficult to understand. The audience didn’t like it (because). 9. Some strikers complained. The police acted violently (due to). 10. The tour guide has changed today’s schedule without prior warning. Most travellers are angry (since). 11. Nobody could solve it. It was such a difficult maths problem! (owing to). 12. The teacher wasn’t watching them. Most students cheated in the exam (as). 13. The number of robberies has increased dramatically. A new law has been implemented (due to). 14. People don’t spend so much money nowadays. Toy shops haven’t sold as many toys as they expected (because). 15. The rate of unemployment will rise. Lots of factories are closing down (since). 16. The government has passed too strict anti-crisis laws. The popularity of the government has fallen down (due to). 17. Mother won’t forgive him. Peter lied about his school marks (because). 18. There’s an underground strike today. We’re walking to work (owing to). 105

19. He swallowed a fish bone. Granddad had to go to hospital (since). 20. Prices are higher and higher. It’s hard for people to save money (because). 22. Our flight was cancelled. We missed Thanksgiving dinner (because of). 23. Most of the shopping Mary had done was useless to make the dish I wanted. We had to phone for a pizza (as). 24. The passengers had to leave the airport terminal. There was a bomb threat (due to). 25. Anti-smoking laws don’t allow people to smoke in pubs. Bartenders say they have fewer customers (because). 26. Most seaside resorts in Spain are spoilt. There’s been a lack of urban planning in these areas (owing to) 27. The Managing Director was dismissed. The company made a great loss (since). B. Choose the item that fits best. 1. I’m sure he won’t come, ………………… he is still angry. a) for b) on the grounds that c) because 2. Just………………… I say nothing you mustn’t suppose I am happy. a) since b) as c) because 3. ……………. it was getting dark, we decided to return home. a) Because b) As c) Now that 4. ………………… he knows the truth, what’s he going to do about it? a) On the grounds that b) As c) Now that 5. ……………….. he is over eighty, he can’t stand for President again. a) Sinceb) Now that c) Because 6. I’ll be at home this afternoon……………….. I am feeling unwell. a) as b) for c) because 7. …………… you no longer love me we might as well part. a) Sinceb) Because c) On the grounds that. 8. He resigned …………………… he had been failing in health for the a) since b) because c) on the grounds that 9. They hate him ……………… he is so much better than them. a) as b) seeing that c) because 10. …………… it was late, we went to bed. a) Seeing that b) Because c) As

last six months.

C. Reason or result? 1. The pop group cancelled their concert ……………………………………. the heavy rain. 2. The snails came out ……………………………. it had rained the previous night. 3. I had fallen asleep and …………………………………… I didn’t hear the phone ring. 4. I had guitar lessons last year…………………………….. now I know how to play. 5. Sea turtles are in danger of extinction ……………………………… tourism. 6. Helen didn’t come to the party …………………….. she had to care for her little brother. 7. The hotel rooms were awful………………………………..we had to leave. 8. We went to the disco…………………………… we wanted to dance. 9. Sylvia is not ready yet,………………………………. she will meet us later. 10. People cause fires. …………………………….. forests are becoming extinct. 11. I went out in the rain without an umbrella, …………………..I got sick. 12. I didn’t go with them last night……………………… I didn’t want to see Mike. D. Rephrase 1. Some experts think the world is growing warmer, but others disagree. While 106

2. I don't enjoy rock music, but I went to the concert anyway. Although 3. Whereas prices rose last year, this year they have gone down. Prices rose last year 4. Jim had a headache, but he still read until late. In spite of his 5. Even though they were losing at half-time, City won in the end. Despite 6. He wants to work as a disc jockey, whether his parents like the idea or not. He wants to work as a disc jockey, even 7. Sam lost his job because he was lazy. Sam was 8. I couldn't buy the house because it was expensive. The house was 9. The book was so interesting that I couldn't put it down. It was 10. There was too much noise, so we couldn't hear the speech. There was so 11. The house was too much small to live in comfortably. The house wasn't 12. The class was cancelled because there weren't enough students. There were so 13. The mouse ran into its hole to avoid being trapped by the cat. The mouse ran into its hole so as 14. She set the timer to avoid overcooking the beans. She set the timer in 15. They used chemicals in order to kill the insects in the trees. They used chemicals so 16. They made several complaints to the manager to prevent the same thing from happening again. They made several complaints to the manager so

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TENSE QUIZ 1. _____ your homework? A. Have you done B. Has you done C. Did you do D. Have you do E. Has you done 2. Which books .......................................... to school yesterday? A. took you B. take you C. have you taken D. do you take E. did you take 3. When _____? A. do you arrived B. did you arrived C. has you arrived D. have you arrived E. did you arrive 4. We _____ my aunt next week on Friday. It will be her birthday. A. will visit B. visited C. is visiting D. have visited E. are visiting 5. We ............................... that film. A. will already seen B. have already seen C. has already seen D. already saw E. already did see 6. The weather forecast says the sun _____ tomorrow. A. is going to shine B. is shining C. may shine D. shines E. will shine 7. She _____ in this house for years. A. has been living B. has lived C. have lived D. lived E. lives 8. Many things _____ this month. A. changed B. didn't changed C. has changed D. have changed E. would change 9. Look! She ……………………………………….. from a large whisky-bottle. A. are drinking B. drink C. drinks D. is drinking E. will drink 10. Leif Ericson..................Vinland while he …………………………towards the west. A. was discovering ... sailed B. has discovered ... were sailing C. has discovered ... was sailing D. discovered ... was sailing E. discovered ... sailed 11. If I ....................... the Superman, I ........................ A.was/ fly B. were/ will fly C. were/ would fly D. would be/ flew E. would be/ would fly 12. I ….……… (finish) doing this exercise. A. am finishing B. has just finished C. have just finished D. just finished E. just have finished 13. I ........................................... positive reviews about that film in the papers so I am going to see it. A. has read B. have read C. read D. readed E. will read 14. Hi Jane, you _____ sad! What's up? A. are looking B. is looking C. look D. looks E. will look 15. He …………………………… mineral water every day. A. are drinking. B. drink C. drinks D. is drinking E. will drink 16. He was late. When he ......................... at the airport, the plane ................... A. left ... had arrived B. has arrived ... left C. had arrived ... left D. had arrived ... had left E. arrived ... had already left 17. He ......................................... about everything! A. always complain B. always complains C. is always complaining D. is complaining E. will always complain 18. Harry ............... and we ............................ him the news. A. had woken up/told B. wakes up /told C. was waking up/ told D. woke up told E. woke up were telling 19. After he .............................painting, he ..........................a shower. A. finish / have B. has/ finished had C. had finished/ had D. had finished/ had had E. finished/ had 20. ........................................... rugby? A. Did you ever played B. Do you ever played C. Has you ever played D. Have you ever play E. Have you ever played FILL IN WITH THE CORRECT VERB FORM: 1. Hardly had the minister finished his speech when gunshots ---- (storm) the stadium. 2. Everybody will be at the office at about 08:30 tomorrow as the meeting ---- (start) at nine o'clock. 3. That candidate who we had been interviewed before we ---- (speak) to all the others is still my favorite. 4. While climbing onto the mountain top, I ---- (encounter) a strange animal which I'd never seen before. 108

5. The chairman was sure that his plan would work out fine as no other member ---- (oppose) it up to that time. 6. I wasn't surprised to hear that Monica ---- (have) an accident as she is a very reckless driver. 7. Since the very first day when the Umbrella Company embarked upon such a dangerous and risky labresearch, very strange incidents ---- (take place) within the research complex. 8. Urbanization ---- (always / be) a problem which causes several environmental challenges ever since the rate of migration ---- (increase) after the industrial revolution. 9. When I ---- (come) home this evening, my parents had gone out for a walk. 10. By the time the troops ---- (arrive), the war will have ended. 11. By the year 2020, linguists ---- (study) the Indy-European language family for more than 200 years. 12. Gasoline ---- (become) a major problem for people for the last ten years, therefore, during this time many people have preferred to sell their cars and buy smaller ones. 13. By the time he was 14, Wolfgang Mozart ---- (compose) an enviable number of musical pieces. 14. Nothing in my life ---- (be) so strong to stop me achieve my goals so far and I don't think anything will be. 15. Archaeologists ----- (explain) recently that an ancient underground city around Cappadocia has long wide corridors where there are many special areas for making cheese and wine. 16. I was amazed when he accepted a drink, since I ---- (always / assume) that he was a teetotaler. 17. I ---- (play) tennis tomorrow but I won't be able to do that because I have injured my right ankle. 18. We ---- (visit) the seashore many times before but last summer we enjoyed ourselves more than ever. 19. According to a survey, thousands of vending machines ---- (have to be converted) before the new coins have come into circulation. MULTIPLE CHOICE 2 1. This time tomorrow some of the people in this room __________________ to their home countries. A will travel B will travelling C will be travelling D will have travelling 2. Augusto couldn't open the classroom door because one of the other students __________ it from the inside. A locked B was locking C has locked D had locked 3. Every day, even when it's raining heavily, Henry ____ for an early morning run before eating breakfast. A going B is going C goes D is gone 4. At the moment, _________ an exercise in order to review the English verb tenses that I have learned. A I do B I doing C I'm doing D I've done 5. Before people landed on the Moon in 1969, some people ________ that the moon was made of cheese. A believed B were believing C have believed D had been believing 6. By Christmas, all of the students in our class __________________ to their countries. A will return B will have returned C will be returning D will have returning

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7. This is Javi's last week at the school so ________________ Goodbye to all his new friends for the last three days. A he says B he said C he's said D he's been saying 8. I'm sorry I can't come to your party tomorrow night. __________ dinner with Cristina and Samara. Maybe I can come along afterwards. A I will have B I'm having C I have D I will have had 9. So far, during her time at International House Bristol, Tchior ________ to six pancake parties and fifteen barbecues. A came B comes C has come D has been coming 10. At six o'clock this morning most of us were asleep in bed. But Atheer ____________ for today's grammar. A studied B studies C was studying D has studied 11. This is the second to last question in this set of questions. In two minutes' time you __________________ and then you will find out your score. A will finish B will have finished C will be finishing D will have been finishing 12. When Elisabetta _______ for her morning lesson, the teacher was collecting the homework from the other students. A arrived B was arriving C had arrived D had been arriving MULTIPLE CHOICE 3 1. As the sun _____, I decided to go out. A. ? --A. ? shines B. ? a B. ? shine C. ? the C. ? has shone D. ? some of D. ? was shining 6. I _____ your uncle tomorrow, so I'll 2. It's a long journey by train; it's much give him your note. _____ by road. A. ? going to see A. ? more quickly B. ? have seen B. ? quickly C. ? shall have sheen C. ? quicker D. ? am seeing D. ? more quick 7. She walked _____ the road without 3. My house is opposite _____ the park. looking. A. ? of A. ? by B. ? from B. ? across C. ? to C. ? through D. ? --D. ? long 4. They _____ married in church last year. 8. Has _____? A. ? are A. ? the post yet come B. ? have B. ? the post come yet C. ? made C. ? come the post yet D. ? got D. ? yet the post came 5. She loves _____ Hungarian music. 9. I don't speak Japanese, but Jenny _____. 110

A. ? do B. ? does C. ? speaks D. ? is speaking it 10. "_____ yet?" " Nearly." A. ? Do you finish B. ? Did you finish C. ? Have you finished D. ? Are you finishing 11. We spent _____ day sunbathing. A. ? whole of the B. ? whole C. ? all the D. ? the whole 12. She said she _____ for five hours. A. ? has worked B. ? worked C. ? had been working D. ? has been working 13. By the time the police arrived, the thieves _____ the stolen money. A. ? are hiding B. ? hide C. ? had hidden D. ? will have hidden 14. They never do _____ homework. A. ? they B. ? their C. ? they're D. ? there 15. It's not raining _____. A. ? more B. ? any more C. ? no more D. ? some more 16. _____ cows are animals. A. ? The B. ? Some C. ? A D. ? --17. Janet is _____. A. ? an old my friend B. ? an old friend of me C. ? a my old friend D. ? an old friend of mine 18. _____ books on this shelf were written by Dickens. A. ? All the B. ? Every C. ? The all D. ? All

19. He's _____ intelligent than his sister. A. ? much less B. ? not so C. ? much fewer D. ? lesser 20. Can you play _____ piano? A. ? on the B. ? --C. ? a D. ? the 21. The whole thing is much simpler _____ you think. A. ? than B. ? as what C. ? --D. ? then 22. My brother's son is my _____. A. ? cousin B. ? uncle C. ? son-in-law D. ? nephew 23. My uncle arrived while I _____ dinner. A. ? cook B. ? was cooking C. ? had cooked D. ? would cook 24. Don't be late _____ your music lesson. A. ? at B. ? for C. ? on D. ? to 25. How long does it _____ to get to London? A. ? need B. ? take C. ? want D. ? make 26. He doesn't like company. He always works _____. A. ? alone B. ? solo C. ? only D. ? lonely 27. "It's a pity you haven't seen that play." "But I have, I _____ it last week." A. ? have seen B. ? saw C. ? was seen D. ? had seen 28. If you _____ to town tomorrow, will you do some shopping for me? 111

A. ? go B. ? will go C. ? went D. ? will be going 29. I've got a very good _____ with the BBC. A. ? profession B. ? job C. ? work D. ? occupation 30. Yesterday I _____ my son's trousers. A. ? sew B. ? sawed C. ? sow D. ? sewed 31. He won't be late, _____ he? A. ? won't B. ? will C. ? isn't D. ? don't 32. I feel _____ after all this typing. A. ? terribly bad B. ? terribly tired C. ? myself terribly tired D. ? myself terribly bad 33. When _____ Mr. Jones? A. ? you did meet B. ? did you meet C. ? have you met D. ? you met 34. Smoking is a bad _____ of yours. A. ? custom B. ? usage C. ? practice D. ? habit 35. We have been waiting for you _____. A. ? an hour B. ? since an hour C. ? for an hour D. ? an hour ago 36. How long does the train _____ from London to Edinburgh take? A. ? travel B. ? tour C. ? voyage D. ? journey 37. They _____ to the theatre twice so far this month. A. ? were B. ? have been C. ? are going

D. ? are 38. I can't wait. I'm _____ a hurry. A. ? in B. ? on C. ? with D. ? for 39. Do you know _____ I met last Saturday? A. ? with whom B. ? that whom C. ? --D. ?S who 40. He would be very happy if you _____ what he asked. A. ? will do B. ? do C. ? did D. ? have done 41. Will you do me a favour if _____ you? A. ? somebody wants it B. ? I want C. ? I ask D. ? we all would like 42. He was fined by the police for driving too _____. A. ? fastly B. ? speedy C. ? fast D. ? hard 43. The family lost their money on roulette so they're unable to buy _____. A. ? anything B. ? something C. ? everything D. ? nothing 44. We _____ be millionaires one day. A. ? will has to B. ? can be able to C. ? could D. ? have had to 45. "Can you lend me a pound?" "_____" A. ? No, sadly. B. ? Not, sorry. C. ? I'm afraid not. D. ? I afraid no. 46. The hijackers were arrested and didn't know where _____. A. ? they would take B. ? will be taken C. ? they're taken D. ? they were being taken 112

47. The policeman warned the photographer _____ too near. A. ? shouldn't come B. ? not to come C. ? don't come D. ? doesn't come 48. A horrible morning was followed by a torrent of rain _____ afternoon. A. ? on late B. ? in late C. ? late in D. ? late in the 49. "What are you doing?" "I _____ to find my watch." A. ? tried B. ? try C. ? 'm trying D. ? 've tried 50. "How many eggs have we got?" "_____" A. ? Not too many. B. ? There aren't some. C. ? Not too much. D. ? They're no in the fridge. 51. "Some sugar?" "_____" A. ? Yes, please. B. ? No, I don't. C. ? Thanks, I'd like. D. ? No, no me! 52. In his spare time he works _____ a salesman for an insurance company. A. ? as B. ? like C. ? at D. ? out 53. No matter _____, you must keep trying. A. ? how difficult it seems B. ? however seems it difficult C. ? however it seems difficult D. ? how difficult does it seem 54. My train arrived at 10:15, which means: _____.

A. ? fifteen past ten B. ? fifteen ten C. ? ten fifteen D. ? ten past fifteen 55. The old general told us stories of how he _____. A. ? defeat the enemy B. ? was fighting in the battles of 1944 C. ? has fought the Germans D. ? had won the war alone 56. My son is only one and a half years old but he can already _____. A. ? hurry B. ? go C. ? come D. ? walk 57. "How old is she now?" "She _____ in 1905." A. ? born B. ? was born C. ? was burn D. ? was borne 58. If you'd written earlier, I'd have known when you _____ to go on holiday. A. ? wanted B. ? will want C. ? would intend D. ? would want 59. The tourists were looking forward _____ the Tate Gallery. A. ? a visit to B. ? to visit C. ? to visiting D. ? visiting 60. How much longer _____ this dictionary? A. ? you need B. ? will you need C. ? need you D. ? have you needed

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ROUND UP Convert the phrases below into reported speech. "It's raining," she said. He said to her, "I love you." "I saw María in the supermarket yesterday," said Carlos. "We've lived here for three years," he said. "I'll bring a pasta salad," said Francesca. "Mark's going to install solar panels," said Miranda. "They found gold here," said the geology teacher. "Jenny can't speak French," said Pierre. "I first met my wife in Seville," he told us. "I want your homework handed in by tomorrow," he said. "My mother made these cakes," said Juan. "I'm feeling tired now," said David. Circle the correct answer. 1 I ______________ remember his name.

6 You'll be able to solve this, ______________?

A

am not able to

A

can you

B

can't

B

won't you

C

red herring

C

will you

2 Diana ______________ the piano.

7 Sorry, Teacher. I ______________do it yet.

A

can play

A

wasn't able to

B

can to play

B

couldn't

C

eats

C

haven't been able to

3 She ______________ come on holiday next month if her parents give her permission. A

can't

B

could

C

will be able to

4 They ______________ go. The weather was too bad. A

couldn't

B

can't

C

wasn't able to

5 A: Can you lend me some money? B: Sorry. I ______________. I haven't got any either. A

can't

8

9

He ______________ pass the exam if he studied harder. A

will be able to

B

can

C

would be able to

The fishing boat sank, but luckily all the crew ______________ save themselves. A

were able to

B

could

C

wasn't able to

10 We ______________ go to the party. We're going to a wedding. A

couldn't

B

won't be able to

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B

am not able to

C

couldn't

C

will can't

Use one of the modal verbs in brackets to fill the gaps.

1

You (may/could)________________ leave now if you wish.

2

(Could/May)________________ you open the window a bit, please?

3

(May/Can)________________ you play the piano?

4

Listen, please. You (may not/could not)________________ speak during this exam.

5

You (can't/might not)________________ smoke on the bus.

6

(Can't/May)________________ I make a call on your mobile?

7

Do you know if Mark (can/may)________________ sing?

8

(Can't/May)________________ I sit here, please?

9

Caroline, your friends (can/could)________________ stay the night if they want to. They're perfectly welcome.

10

I'm sorry but you (can't/may)________________ use the computer until after I've finished.

11

(May/Could)________________ you lend me 40 Euros til Monday?

12

Listen, please. Students (may/could)________________ study in the library from five to nine in the evening.

Would/should or ought to/might + have + past participle - Use the verb in brackets to fill the gaps. 1

If I had gone to the sales, I'm sure I ___________________ something. (to buy)

2

Clare was very upset you didn't go to her birthday party. You ___________________ . (to go)

3

No one's answering the phone.They ___________________ out. (to go)

4

The lights are out. They ___________________ to sleep. (to go)

5

We ___________________ Dave to the party if we had known he was in town. (to invite)

6

You ___________________ at Samantha. She'll never forgive you. (to shout-NEGATIVE)

7

I ___________________ to have done some acting when I was younger. (to love)

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8

You ___________________ to the pub on Saturday. We had a great time. (to come)

9

She ___________________ her mind. I'm not sure. (to change)

10

You ___________________ so much money on CDs. You'll have problems getting to the end of the month now. (to spend-NEGATIVE)

Decide which type of modal goes with each sentence and then fill the gaps with have to, must, should or ought to. When you see NEGATIVE, the modal verb must be in a negative form. 1

If you want to lose weight, you _____________ eat pasta, potatoes, white bread or white rice. NEGATIVE

2

It's alright. You _____________ come to Muriel's wedding if you don't want to. NEGATIVE

3

Stupid boy! You _____________ play with matches! NEGATIVE

4

I haven't heard from Eleonora for ages. Maybe I _____________ give her a ring.

5

You _____________ remember your passport. Otherwise they won't let you on the plane.

6

The weather forecast says this weekend will be fine. We _____________ go on a picnic.

7

You _____________ go there on your own. It's extremely dangerous. NEGATIVE

8

You _____________ come if you don't feel like it. NEGATIVE

9

You _____________ take life so seriously. Relax a bit. NEGATIVE

10

Orange juice in cartons has no goodness in it at all. You _____________ make it yourself.

11

You _____________ drink and drive. NEGATIVE

12

These instructions are difficult to follow. They _____________ to explain things better.

Circle the correct answer. 1

2

3

Jim doesn't have a _________________.

girlfriend

now

but

he 6

If you go to live in the United Kingdom, you_________________ on the left.

A

didn't use to

A

'll have to get used to drive

B

used to

B

'll have to get used to driving

C

was using to

C

'd have had to get used to

People _________________ the Internet yet but in a 7 few years time everybody will be surfing around like crazy. A

aren't used to using

B

don't use

C

isn't used to using

I _________________ to play football when I was 8 young. I'm too old and fat to play now.

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At first it was difficult for her to speak in French all the time but she _________________ to it now. A

is used

B

uses

C

gets used

After the holidays it takes _________________ up early again.

me

a

week

4

5

A

use

A

to get used to getting

B

got used to

B

to be used to getting

C

used

C

to get used to get

Pepe Juan was in London for a year. He liked England 9 but he _________________ the insipid food and the miserable weather.

The queue in the baker's _________________ to be so bad but now it's terrible. It must be that new chapata bread they bake. It's delicious.

A

could ever get used to

A

didn't use

B

could never get used to

B

didn't used

C

can ever get used to

C

was used

I've been getting up early every day for years but I 10 _________________ to it. A

used

B

am still not used

C

am already used

Do you mind if I _________________ your phone? A

used

B

am using

C

use

Change the sentences from the active to the passive. 1

Did they catch the thief?

2

Will The King inaugurate the new bridge?

3

Do they make cars in Korea?

4

Do the hounds kill the fox?

5

Did the bull kill the matador?

6

Have the police found the body?

7

Why has the government banned the film?

8

When did they hijack the plane?

9

How did your host family treat you?

10

What caused the accident?

11

Has anyone cleaned the oven yet?

12

Is a doctor going to examine you?

Circle the correct answer. 1 ___________'s the post office?

6

___________ is your favourite football player?

A

How much

A

When

B

Who

B

What

C

Where

C

Who

2 ___________'s the president of France?

7 ___________ is The Atlantic Ocean?

117

A

Who

A

How deep

B

Which

B

How much

C

Whose

C

How

3 ___________ is your boyfriend? He looks about thirty. A

How much

B

How old

C

How long

4 Billy: ___________ are you angry with me? I haven't done anything. Sally: Exactly. A

How

B

What

C

Why

5 Billy: ___________ is Paris like? Marie: It's beautiful.

8

9

Jimmy, you've grown so much. ___________ are you now? A

How long

B

How much

C

How tall

Sally: ___________ do you take the dog for a walk? Jilly: Oh. Twice a day. A

With what frequency

B

How often

C

When

10 ___________ does it take to get from Valencia to Madrid by car?

A

How

A

How many times

B

What

B

How long

C

Who

C

How far

Fill the gap using the verb in brackets. Think very carefully about the meaning of the phrase before deciding whether to use a negative or positive verb form. Use type III – conditional phrase 1

I wouldn't be angry if you _____________________ my chocolate mousse. (to eat)

2

If he had known you were in hospital, he _____________________ you. (to visit)

3

We wouldn't have come by taxi if we _____________________ the right bus. (to find)

4

We would have visited the Prado gallery if we _____________________ time. (to have)

5

If you hadn't been asking me questions all the time, I _____________________ the film.(to enjoy)

6

If I _____________________ your number, I would have phoned.(to know)

7

If just one person had remembered my birthday, I _____________________ sad. (to be)

8

I would have understood the film if it _____________________ in German. (to be*)

9

They _____________________ to see you if they hadn't been away. (to come)

10

If she _____________________ on a double yellow line, she wouldn't have got a fine. (to park)

11

If I'd known you were coming, I _____________________ a cake. (to bake)

12

If she _____________________ the shed unlocked, they wouldn't have stolen her bike. (to leave)

13

If you had told me about the concert, I _____________________. (to go)

14

The storm _____________________ a lot of damage if it had come this way. (to do)

15

The holidays would have been great if the weather _____________________ better. (to be)

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There are three distinct types of I wish / if only sentences:1 - REGRETS with the PAST PERFECT (the third conditional) e.g. I wish I hadn't got so angry. 2 - WANTING CHANGE FOR THE PRESENT OR FUTURE with the PAST SIMPLE e.g. I wish I had enough money to go to Mozambique this summer. 3 - COMPLAINTS with WOULD + INFINITIVE e.g. I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time. Regrets 1

I wish I ___________________ drunk and kissed Samantha. (get NEGATIVE)

2

I wish it ___________________ so much. The garden's turned to mud. (rain NEGATIVE)

3

If only I ___________________ there, I wouldn't have got a fine. (park NEGATIVE)

Wanting change 4

If only I ___________________ more time for my hobbies. (have)

5

I wish it ___________________ more often in Valencia. (rain)

6

I wish I ___________________ to go to your nephew's wedding. (have NEGATIVE)

Complaints 7

I wish you ___________________ so much. You're a complete idiot when you're drunk. (drink NEGATIVE)

8

If only it ___________________ . The garden's as dry as a bone. (rain)

9

I wish Samantha ___________________ her hair more often. It looks so greasy all the time. (wash)

Mixed 10

I wish you ___________________ so horrible to your brother. He's a really nice bloke. (be NEGATIVE)

11

I wish the council ___________________ that beautiful old house. It was part of the town's heritage. (demolish NEGATIVE)

12

If only I ___________________ the money to go to Jon's wedding in The States. (have)

13

I wish I ___________________ her she'd put on weight. She hates me now. (tell NEGATIVE)

14

I wish you ___________________ to your mother like that. (speak NEGATIVE)

15

If only we ___________________ a Hewlett Packard printer. The cartridges are so expensive. (buy NEGATIVE)

16

I wish Jorge ___________________ so fast. It's only a matter of time before he kills someone. (drive NEGATIVE

Circle the correct answer. 1 Dad, Ana _________ an ice cream.

6 Next week we _________ snorkeling.

A wants B want C went 2 I _________ Luis for a long time now.

A 're going B went C will go 7 __________ the movie?

119

A didn't see B don't see C haven't seen

A Do you like B Like you C Do you

3 In the summer, we __________ and go swimming everyday.

8 I was listening to music when somebody __________ at the door.

A sunbathed B are sunbathing C sunbathe

A is knocking B knocked C was knocking

4 Two people are sitting outside in the garden."We hope you __________ this marvellous weather as much as we are."

9 The house is in a terrible mess. We've got workmen in . The plumber __________ a new bath and shower.

A enjoy B enjoyed C are enjoying

A puts B put C is putting in

5 I __________ dinner when suddenly I heard a strange noise.

10 I __________ here now for over thirty-five years. A am living B have been living C live

A was cooking B cook C cooked

Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using either the past perfect or the past simple tenses. 1

By the time we got to the cinema the film ______________ (to start), so we missed the first five minutes.

2

When I rang the bell there was no answer. The neighbour told me that they ______________ (to go out) about half an hour ago.

3

I saw Casablanca for the first time last night. I ______________ (to see NEGATIVE) it before.

4

I feel fat. I ______________ (to have) a huge lunch.

5

I spent a week in Miami recently. I ______________ (to be) there before.

6

There was so much to see in Toledo. I wanted to see everything but I ______________ (to have NEGATIVE) enough time.

7

If I ______________ (to know) about the concert, I would have gone.

8

If you ______________ (to take) my advice, it wouldn't have happened.

9

We would have had an argument, if she ______________ (to mention) politics.

10

If you ______________ (to not park) there, you wouldn't have got a parking fine.

11

They found the body on a building site. It ______________ (to mutilate "in the passive!").

12

She told me she ______________ (to buy) a new car.

13

When he arrived, Eve wasn't there. She ______________ (to leave) about five minutes before.

14

When we arrived back in Spain, they ______________ (to lose) our luggage. We only had to wait two days to get it back though, and they delivered it to the house.

120

15

When I ______________ (to get back), nobody had done the washing up. I was furious.

Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using either the present perfect or the past simple tenses. 1

A: I ________________ (to see, negative) Anna for a long time.

2

B: Really? I ________________ her yesterday. (to see)

3

They ________________ (to go) to Venice three years ago.

4

David lost his wallet yesterday but he ________________ (to find) it this morning in his jacket pocket.

5

________________ (to be with you) to Paris?

6

We ________________ (to live) in this house for five years and we're very happy here.

7

I know Manchester quite well. I ________________ (to live) there for three years when I was a student

8

He ________________ (to meet) Sally in the supermarket last week.

9

She feels great. She ________________ (to lose) three kilos since Christmas.

10

It's cold in here because someone ________________ (to open) the window.

11

Before they bought the car, they ________________ (to think) about it very carefully.

12

________________ (to feed with you) the cat yet?

13

The last time I ________________ (to play) tennis was four years ago.

A

The difference between remember and remind is complicated. Teresa reminds me of Scarlett Johansson./ She reminded me to buy milk She remembered to tell me to buy milk./ I remember when you had long hair

B Fill the gaps with remember and remind in the correct form, using the model sentences to help you. 1

I can't _____________ anything about the accident at all.

2

Have you _____________ Jack to bring his credit card?

3

I must _____________ myself to take my pills after lunch.

4

I must _____________ to take my pills after lunch.

5

_____________ me to take my umbrella, please.

6

She forgot to _____________ him about the plumber coming.

7

You _____________ me of my cousin Zöe.

8

Do you _____________ the time we went to Songkhla and had that fantastic crab curry?

9

Sometimes Valencia _____________ me of Sydney.

10

Come on. Try to _____________ what he was wearing.

11

Those funny trousers you're wearing _____________ me of Tintin.

12

The last thing he _____________ was ordering another drink.

Fill the gaps with beat, earn and win in the correct form.

121

1

It's none of your business how much I ______________.

2

Samantha's just bought a red convertible. She must have ______________ the lottery.

3

When I ______________ Jonathan at table tennis, he got very angry.

4

No one I know has ever ______________ her at pool. She's a great player.

5

A: Who ______________ ? Valencia or Real Madrid? B: Valencia, of course.

6

Zaragossa ______________ Arsenal every time they meet.

7

Jim was ______________ big money before he went off to teach in Thailand.

8

I love my job but I need to ______________ more money.

9

England won The World Cup in 1966. They ______________ Germany.

10

Spain ______________ Australia in The Davis Cup.

11

He ______________ me in the first round but I won in the end.

12

I dare you to ______________ me at tiddlywinks.

13

You deserve a holiday. You've really ______________ it.

14

Teachers in London don't ______________ enough money to buy a house

Choose the right answer How ________ money have you got in your purse? much many cost How ________ eggs do we need? many cost much How ________ eggs do we need? many cost much A What is he ________? B He's buying some things for lunch. do to do doing This book is for ________. hers her she When ________ you have dinner? do are does Where did you ________ to school? went go goes It's not ours, it's ________.

theirs they're their I think English is ________ than maths. easier more easy easy I'm on holiday at the moment but I ________ in an hotel. 'm working working work ________ he ever been to France? Have Has Did Where ________ the drinks? did you got you get did you get How ________ bread do you eat? much any many Those ________ my pens. They're yours. aren't isn't don't What are ________?

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that this those

Choose the right answer 1.

Did our teacher provide __________ for us? bad badder worse

much handout many handout many handouts 2. The school's problems _____ various.

7.

was were is

for since while

3.

8. If you need the car in the afternoon, I ______ shopping in the morning.

All my friends live _____ North Lincoln Street.

in on at 4.

I haven't been to London _______ three years.

go would go will go I'm new to this job. What exactly ________ do? 9. Before I (go) _____ to London, I (not / enjoy) ________ learning English.

I have to do I have to I had to

go - have not enjoyed went - have not enjoyed went - had not enjoyed

5. If she _______ about his financial situation, she would have helped him out.

10. On the Roman Emperor visit, the Roman soldiers (tell) ______ him that Pictish tribes from Britain's north (attack) _______ them.

had known knew have known

told - had attacked tell - had attacked told - have attaked

6. The weather today is even _______ than yesterday.

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST Part I: English Grammar - Select the best answer. 1. Juan___________ in the library this morning. A. is study B. studying C. is studying D. are studying

4. Eli's hobbies include jogging, swimming, and __________. A. to climb mountains B. climb mountains C. to climb D. climbing mountains

2. Alicia, __________ the windows please. It's too hot in here. A. opens B. open C. opened D. will opened

5. Mr. Hawkins requests that someone _________ the data by fax immediately. A. sent B. sends C. send D. to send 6. Who is ____________ , Marina or Sachiko? A. tallest B. tall C. taller D. the tallest

3. The movie was __________ the book. A. as B. as good C. good as D. as good as

123

7. The concert will begin ________ fifteen minutes. A. in B. on C. with D. about 8. I have only a ________ Christmas cards left to write. A. few B. fewer C. less D. little 9. Each of the Olympic athletes ____________ for months, even years. A. have been training B. were training C. has been training D. been training 10. Maria __________ never late for work. A. am B. are C. were D. is 11. The company will upgrade _________ computer information systems next month. A. there B. their C. it's

D. its 12. Cheryl likes apples, _________ she does not like oranges. A. so B. for C. but D. or 13. You were ____________ the New York office before 2 p.m. A. suppose call B. supposed to call C. supposed calling D. supposed call 14. When I graduate from college next June, I _____________ a student here for five years. A. will have been B. have been C. has been D. will have 15. Ms. Guth _________ rather not invest that money in the stock market. A. has to B. could C. would D. must

Part II: English Grammar - Select the one underlined word or phrase that is incorrect. 1. The majority to the news is about violence or scandal. 2. Takeshi swimmed one hundred laps in the pool yesterday. 3. When our vacation, we plan to spend three days scuba diving. 4. Mr. Feinauer does not take critical of his work very well. 5. Yvette and Rinaldo send e-mail messages to other often. 6. Mr. Olsen is telephoning a American Red Cross for help. 7. I had a enjoyable time at the party last night. 8. The doctor him visited the patient's parents. 9. Petra intends to starting her own software business in a few years. 10. Each day after school, Jerome run five miles. 11. He goes never to the company softball games. 12. Do you know the student who books were stolen? 13. Jean-Pierre will spend his vacation either in Singapore nor the Bahamas. 14. I told the salesman that I was not interesting in buying the latest model. 15. Frederick used work for a multinational corporation when he lived in Malaysia. Part III. English Vocabulary - Select the best answer. 1. The rate of ___________ has been fluctuating wildly this week. A. money B. bills C. coins D. exchange

3. Do you ____________ where the nearest grocery store is? A. know B. no C. now D. not

2. The bus ___________ arrives late during bad weather. A. every week B. later C. yesterday D. always

4. Jerry Seinfeld, the popular American comedian, has his audiences ___________. A. putting too many irons in the fire B. keeping their noses out of someone's business C. rolling in the aisles D. going to bat for someone

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5. The chairperson will ____________ members to the subcommittee. A. appoint B. disappoint C. appointment D. disappointed 6. The critics had to admit that the ballet ______________ was superb. A. procrastinate B. performance C. pathology D. psychosomatic 7. Peter says he can't ___________ our invitation to dinner tonight. A. angel B. across C. accept D. almost

8. We were __________ friends in that strange but magical country. A. upon B. among C. toward D. in addition to 9. The hurricane caused ____________ damage to the city. A. extend B. extended C. extensive D. extension 10. Many cultures have special ceremonies to celebrate a person's _________ of passage into adulthood. A. right B. rite C. writ D. write

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FOLLOW UP A. 1. My brother' s habits really ..... me! a) angry b) annoy c) hurt 2. Please turn the music ..... ; it' s too loud. a) down b) out c) off 3. She likes watching TV, ..... cartoons. a) continually b) particularly c) always 4. Jenny is always ..... her nails. a) chewing b) eating c) biting 5. John ...... to get up early to do his homework. a) prefers b) enjoys c) chooses 6. I ..... a photograph with my letter. a) put b) included c) enclosed 7. George is a ..... of ANA club. a) person b) member c) character 8. Britain' s Scouts did not ..... girls. a) remember b) follow c) accept 9. Mary doesn' t read everything in a newspaper; she only reads the ...... a) titles b) headings c) headlines 10. The fire last summer ..... 30,000 trees. a) destroyed b) attacked c) put away 11. Oh! The food has gone bad. We ought to buy a new...... a) stereo b) fridge c) barbecue 12. The Oxford University was ..... in the thirteenth century. a) founded b) found c) renovated 13. My car has broken down. Can you ..... it? a) renovate

b) clean c) repair 14. I never eat anything ..... I swim. a) since b) before c) after 15. Don' t swim here. The sea is ...... a) unhealthy b) polluted c) dirty 16. Children can be ..... if they are unhappy. a) privileged b) lively c) aggresive 17. In the past black people were ..... against white people. a) discriminated b) different c) superior 18. Who is the ..... runner in your school? a) faster b) more fast c) fastest 19. Dress ..... when exercising. a) regularly b) comfortably c) confidently 20. We know he can jump ..... than that. a) high b) higher c) highest B. 1. I' m worried because my friend smokes...... a) strongly b) heavily c) hardly 2. If I were a car, I ..... be a HONDA. a) ought to b) should c) would 3. We ought to ..... the football match because it' s raining very hard. a) cancel b) call c) clear 4. My sister becomes ..... when people ask her to do things she does not like. a) satisfied b) stubborn c) surprised 5. We ..... swim near windsurfers. a) wouldn' t b) oughtn' t c) shouldn' t

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6. We never stop ..... a language. a) learning b) learn c) to learn 7. If I ..... you, I' d write that letter straight away. a) were b) have been c) had been 8. How do you ..... when friends make suggestions? a) respond b) answer c) feel 9. I don' t want to cook. Let' s buy some ..... food. a) takehome b) takeaway c) takeoff 10. They often go to the ..... pub for a drink. a) near b) social c) local 11. Betty had lost a lot of weight and I didn' t ..... her at first. a) see b) recognize c) understand 12. He' s very happy because he ..... his exam. a) passed b) did c) won 13. They have some very lovely ..... in their garden. a) booths b) bushes

c) wigs 14. Her uncle' s son is her...... a) brother b) nephew c) cousin 15. People are generally ..... of snakes. a) afraid b) ashamed c) hidden 16. He couldn' t listen to his walkman because his mother had ..... the batteries. a) tied b) removed c) changed 17. Romeo ..... in love with Juliet. a) died b) hated c) fell 18. I can' t do this puzzle. I.....! a) give up b) give out c) give off 19. She has two sons ..... are taller than she is. a) either b) neither c) both 20. ...... of them could win the quiz. It was very difficult. a) either b) neither c) both

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PREPOSITIONS 1. When we get ready for dinner, I have to take my books__________ the table. A. B. F r o m C. D. 2. Every weekend, we put the trash can ________________ for garbage collection. A. B. C. I n t o D. 3. You have to leave your shoes ______________the door when you enter the house. A. B. O v e r C. D. 4. It was a long walk, so he began moving slowly ________________ the town. A. B. To w ar ds C. U n t i l D. 5. David cleaned his room by stuffing everything _________________his bed. A. B. C. U n d 128

e r D. A l o n g 6. We often go fishing __________________ the river bank. A. To w ar ds B. I n s i d e C. A l o n g D. A r o u n d 7. The lecture will be held right ______________ the tutorial. A. B. B e f o r e C. O v e r D. B e y o n d 8. He was caught by the teacher for cheating ________________the exam. 129

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D u r i n g B. A f t e r C. N e a r D. O u ts i d e 9. John needs to submit the report _________ his boss before 5 pm. A. B. C. D. 10. James’ wife accused him _____________ cheating. A. B. C. W i t h D. 11. Kathleen apologized ________________ her brother’s poor behaviour. A. B. C. D. 12. There is no doubt that Adam is very good ___________ telling jokes. A. B. O v e r C. D. W

i t h 13. These dresses were ____________ sale last week. A. B. C. D. Up 14. There is a bridge _____________ the river. A. N e a r B. A c r o s s C. D. A l o n g 15. Amanda hasn’t seen her older sister _______________ last April. A. B. C. A r o u n d D. S i n c e 16. Their relationship was ______________ because of jealousy. A. B. C. O v e r D. 130

17. Julia came all the way _______________ i Russia to see her boyfriend. n A. F g r D. B o e m y B. S o i n n d c 19. Ai Ling is worried ________the test because e she thinks that she will fail the test. C. B A. e B. f C. o D. A r b e o D. u 18. The detective chased the killer t ______________ the streets. 20. Jeanne was texting her boyfriend A. S ___________the teacher was teaching. i A. U n n c t e i B. T l hr B. o C. W u h g i h l C. D e u D. r Prepositions of time 1. World War I and World War II were _____ the on since 20th century. 8. It rained a lot _____ the spring. at for in into on to through at 2. What did you do _____ the weekend? in on at in of on to 9. I woke up _____ the middle of the night. 3. We sent a lot of postcards _____ Easter. in of on at in into on since since to 4. We always visited our parents _____ 10. I woke up _____ midnight exactly. Christmas. at for in at beyond in on to on since 5. They broadcast _____ Monday evenings. 11. I went swimming _____ the evenings. for in into of on at in into 6. They both were born _____ 9th May. on since onto on into in at 12. I slept a lot _____ Saturdays. 7. She was born _____ 1968. for in of at for in on to 131

13. I saw you _____ Thursday. over on into in at 14. I sang and danced _____ my birthday. to on into in at 15. I got up _____ six o'clock. at during in on through 16. I felt very tired _____ Christmas day. on into in for at

17. I drove a car _____ the morning. up on inside in at 18. I broke my leg _____ December. since on into in for 19. He was a very popular singer _____ the 1980s. at for in on to 20. He came _____ quarter to twelve. during for in at on

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PASSIVE VOICE QUIZZ 1. --- Is there any subway like this in your city? --- Yes, but it ___________ at the moment. is still been built is still being builded is still being built is built 2. --- Did you enjoy last night's concert? --- Yes, although Beethoven's Fifth Symphony __________rather poorly. has been played was playing had played was played 3. In some parts of the world, tea __________ with milk and sugar. is serving serves served is served 4. I need one more stamp before my collection __________. has completed completed is completed will complete 5. Several people __________ in yesterday's car crash. were badly hurt were badly hurted was badly hurt hurted badly 6. Paper __________ by the Chinese long before its use __________ in Europe. invented ------ known was invented --------- were known invented ------ was known was invented ------ was known 7. As soon as everyone __________ the examination __________, the test papers were given out. taking ------ was seated took ------ seated taking ------ seated taken ------ was seated 8. Higher education __________ available to all high school graduates in this country. have been made has been made has made it have made it 9. Many machines __________ by electricity. are made run are made to run make to run are made running 10. Worries __________ all kinds of illness, from high blood pressure to stomachache. believe to have caused are believed to be caused are believed to cause believed to be caused

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I __________ my watch at home, so I don't know what time it is. A. ? have left B. ? have been left C. ? was left D. ? am left The football team __________ eleven members. A. ? is made up B. ? makes up of C. ? consists of D. ? is consisted of The British __________ not to be very good at cooking. A. ? says B. ? say C. ? is said D. ? are said Vehicles __________ through that area on Saturday night. A. ? don't let pass B. ? are not let to pass C. ? are not letted to pass D. ? are not let pass The grandmother __________ that her grandson _________ in the school. A. ? told ------ was taken good care of B. ? was told ------ had taken good care of C. ? has told ------ taken good care of D. ? was told ------ had been taken good care of This dictionary __________ to you; yours __________ by someone else. A. ? is not belonged ---------- has been taken B. ? doesn't belong ---------- has taken C. ? doesn't belong ---------- has been taken D. ? doesn't belong ---------- will have been taken The money the lady spent on clothes last year __________ more than $10,000. A. ? was added to B. ? added up to C. ? added to D. ? was added up to Although Mr. Smith is __________ a famous writer, he talks very little about himself. A. ? known about B. ? known for C. ? knowing as D. ? known as Once the plan __________ , a student may get as much as $1,000 as travel expenses. A. ? gets approved B. ? approved C. ? was approved

D. ? gets approving 10. The lights in the kitchen __________ all night. A. ? has left on

B. C. D.

? ? ?

have left on have been left on has been left on

COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS 1.

__________ father is an engineer. A. ? William and Michaels' B. ? Williams' and Michaels' C. ? William's and Michael's D. ? William and Michael's 2. My trousers are old. I have to buy __________. A. ? a new pair B. ? a pair of C. ? a new one D. ? a new ones 3. Most of the wood here __________ to make furniture. A. ? is used B. ? are used C. ? uses D. ? are using 4. All that can be done __________. A. ? has been done B. ? have done C. ? have been done D. ? has done 5. All of them __________ interested in photography. A. ? is B. ? are C. ? show D. ? shows 6. __________ have you read today? A. ? How many news B. ? How many pieces of news C. ? How much piece of news D. ? How much pieces of news 7. All the __________ given by Mr. Smith __________ quite helpful to us all. A. ? advices --- are B. ? advice --- are C. ? advice --- is D. ? advices --- is 8. Jane is a close friend of __________. A. ? Mary's mother B. ? Mary's mother's C. ? Marys' mother D. ? Mary mothers' 9. My younger sister wears modern __________. A. ? clothings B. ? clothes C. ? dressing D. ? cloth 10. A: Where is your father? B: At __________. A. ? Mr. Green B. ? the Mr. Greens C. ? Mr. Green's D. ? Mr. Greens'

1.

With the address given to him, he had no __________ in finding his friend's new house. A. ? difficulties B. ? troubles C. ? difficulty D. ? difficult 2. Nine __________ are eating grass at the foot of the hill. A. ? sheepes B. ? sheeps C. ? sheep D. ? shoop 3. John brushes his __________ twice a day. A. ? teeth B. ? tooth C. ? tooths D. ? teeths 4. The farmer has many __________ on the farm. A. ? geeses B. ? gooses C. ? goose D. ? geese 5. There __________ no water in the bottle. A. ? is B. ? are C. ? were D. ? has 6. Would you tell me where the __________ store is? A. ? shoes B. ? shoe C. ? shoe's D. ? shoes' 7. We forgot both of the __________ . A. ? rooms numbers B. ? room's numbers C. ? room number D. ? room numbers 8. There are three _________________ working for the project. A. ? women scientists B. ? woman scientists C. ? women scientist D. ? woman scientist 9. John __________ Mike when they met at the airport. A. ? shook hand with B. ? shake hands with C. ? shook hands with D. ? shake a hand with 10. She bought __________ eggs at the supermarket. A. ? three dozen B. ? three dozens

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The rainbow is one of the most beautiful __________ of the nature. A. ? phenomenon B. ? phenomena C. ? phenomenons D. ? phenomenas 7. The two men are __________. A. ? of the same ages B. ? of same age C. ? same age D. ? of the same age 8. The umbrella was really _______in my trip. A. ? of much use B. ? much 9. ______ will conquer nature. A. ? Man B. ? Men C. ? The man D. ? The men 10. The little boy is smart. He has __________. A. ? brain B. ? a brain C. ? brains D. ? the brain

I need to buy two ______ of color ______. A. ? boxs --- chalks B. ? boxes --- chalks C. ? boxes --- chalk D. ? boxs --- chalk He is only thirty, but has got __________. A. ? a few gray hairs B. ? a few gray hair C. ? a little gray hair D. ? a little gray hairs We should make a careful study of the old teacher's __________. A. ? teaching experience B. ? teaching experiences __________ to play with the kids! A. ? What a fun it is B. ? What a fun is it C. ? What fun it is D. ? How fun it is ___________weather we have today! A. ? What a nice B. ? What nice

Gap fill-in Speaking already Q1 Can you hear what he is .......? (a) saying (b) speaking (c) telling (d) talking Q2 She hasn't come home ........ (a) still (b) already (c) yet (d) till Q3 I ....... TV yesterday evening. (a) saw (b) looked (c) viewed (d) watched Q4 We live ....... the city centre. (a) near (b) next (c) by (d) nearby Q5 She looks ....... a famous film star. (a) as (b) like (c) similar (d) same Q6 This television gives you the ....... news. (a) last (b) latest (c) least (d) later Q7 I only ....... one mistake in last night's test. (a) made (b) done (c) did (d) make Q8 I want you to tell me the ....... truth. (a) all (b) exact (c) real (d) whole Q9 He is looking ....... a present to buy his girlfriend. (a) for (b) at (c) in (d) on Q10 That's what I would like ....... Christmas. (a) for (b) at (c) in (d) on Like a red rag Q1 Don't talk to him about politics because it's like a ....... rag to a bull. (a) blue (b) white (c) red (d) black Q2 He takes the optimistic view and talks about a ....... skies scenario. (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) yellow Q3 She hasn't worked here very long and is therefore a little ....... on matters of procedure. (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) green Q4 Now that they have read it in ......., they believe me. (a) red and blue (b) blue and red (c) white and black (d) black and white Q5 The reason why I feel so ....... today is because it's my birthday and no-one has sent me any cards. (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) black Q6 She lost the company a lot of money last week and as a result has got a ....... mark against her name. (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) black Q7 In this business you cannot afford to make any mistake and must be seen to be lily ........ (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) green Q8 As they turned round and ran away, people thought they were ........ (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) yellow 135

Q9 Ask her to help you with your calculations because she's ....... hot at mathematics. (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) black Q10 I know he doesn't like you because the moment you came in the room I saw him give you a ....... look. (a) red (b) blue (c) white (d) black Newspaper Headlines Q1 Some people only read the ....... lines in a newspaper. (a) top (b) big (c) main (d) head Q2 You should always check the sell ....... date of things you buy in the supermarket. (a) in (b) through (c) by (d) off Q3 When the building was completed, all the workers were paid ........ (a) off (b) through (c) out (d) over Q4 The boss was good enough to ....... my mistake. (a) oversee (b) overtake (c) overdo (d) overlook Q5 It is always ....... when you misunderstand the customs of other countries. (a) embarrassing (b) peculiar (c) singular (d) attitude Q6 Newspapers are ....... to people's doors every day. (a) taken (b) distributed (c) delivered (d) handed Q7 In her speech she expressed her ....... for all the help she had been given. (a) thankfulness (b) gratitude (c) gratefulness (d) thanking Q8 In ....... nothing much happened at the meeting. (a) quick (b) briefly (c) short (d) shortly Q9 At the end of the speech the whole assembly gave the speakers a standing ........ (a) ovation (b) applause (c) cheering (d) support Q10 Politicians pretend to ignore opinion ........ (a) votes (b) figures (c) numbers (d) polls

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'Key' Word Transformation 1) Comparative/Superlative Structures like so/such .., er/as ... as or too/enough often appear in this exercise. For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words. 1. The food was so good we had to leave a tip. SUCH It ........................................... we had to leave a tip. 2. The computer was too expensive for me to buy. ENOUGH I ........................................... money to buy the computer. 3. It's the most beautiful painting I've ever seen. SEEN I ............................................ beautiful painting. 4. This summer has been much cooler than last year. COOL Last summer .................................. this year. 5. I'm not as good at maths as you. BETTER You ......................................... me. 6. The course wasn't as easy as I'd expected. MORE The course ........................................ I'd expected. 7. This car isn't safe enough to drive. DANGEROUS This car ........................................ drive. 8. This exercise is easier than the last one. HARD This exercise ....................................... the last one. 2) Passive/Active 1. The examiner tells candidates the regulations at the beginning of the exam. TOLD At the beginning of the exam candidates .................................... the regulations. 2. Did we send that letter to Mr Thomas? WAS Do you know if ........................................ to Mr Thomas? 3. We haven't arranged a date for the wedding yet. BEEN A date for the wedding .............................................. yet. 4. They will have given him the news by now. TOLD He .............................................. the news by now. 5. Experts estimate that most people now have access to the Internet. IS .................................................. most people now have access to the Internet. 137

6. The garage on the corner usually repairs my car. HAVE I ................................................... by the garage on the corner. 7. Steve definitely didn't write that essay. WRITTEN That essay ..................................................... by Steve. 8. The police have cancelled the demonstration. HAS The demonstration ....................................................... by the police. 3) Direct and Indirect Speech 1. 'What do you think of the college?' ASKED She ......................................... of the college. 2. 'I'll call you later tonight,' Keith promised. WOULD Keith promised that ................................................ night. 3. 'I didn't break the window,' said the boy. DENIED The boy ..................................................... the window 4. 'Why don't you come this evening?' SUGGESTED She ........................................................ that evening. 5. 'You look really tired,' he told her. SAID He ....................................................... really tired. 6. 'You must do your homework tonight.' the teacher said. TOLD The teacher ...................................................... my homework. 7. 'What's your name?' he asked. KNOW He ........................................................ what my name was. 8. 'I might be late for.' he told me. INFORMED He ........................................................ might be late. 4) Auxiliary Verbs 1. I went to the office then remembered it was my day off. HAVE I ............................................... to the office as it was my day off. 2. Perhaps we missed the correct turning. MIGHT We ............................................... the correct turning. 3. I'm afraid you can't smoke in here. ALLOWED You ............................................... in here. 4. They will expect you to wear a suit for the interview. HAVE You ................................................ a suit for the interview. 138

5. I'd see a doctor if I were you. OUGHT You .................................................. a doctor. 6. He couldn't swim until he was in his twenties. ABLE He ................................................. until he was in his twenties. 7. We got a table at the restaurant without a reservation. NEED We ................................................ book a table at the restaurant. 8. You were expected to answer all the questions on the exam paper. ANSWERED You ............................................... all the questions on the examination paper. 5) Conditionals 1. I only told you because I thought you would be interested. TOLD I ................................................. you if I thought you weren't interested. 2. I won't organise the party unless you arrange the food. LONG I'll organise the party ....................................................... arrange the food. 3. I think it would be a good idea to speak to the manager first. WERE If ......................................................... speak to the manager first. 4. If you do the washing up I'll make the coffee. PROVIDED I'll make the coffee .......................................................... the washing up. 5. You’re tired because you keep staying up late. WERE If ............................................................. to bed earlier, you wouldn't be so tired. 6. You never enter competitions so you'll never win anything. MIGHT If you entered competions ...................................................... something. 7. The reason I haven't got much money is because they didn't give me promotion. POOR If they had given me promotion I ............................................................... now. 8. I've been so happy since I met you. MIGHT I ................................................................ so happy if I hadn't met you.

6) 'Unreal' Pasts 1. I'd love to know how John is getting on. KNEW I ................................................. how John was getting on. 2. You should take an umbrella with you. BETTER You ................................................ an umbrella with you. 139

3. I think taxes should be increased. TIME It .................................................. increased 4. He behaves like the President of the company. THOUGH He acts ....................................................... the President of the company. 5. I regret not inviting Cathy to the party. ONLY If ................................................... Cathy 6. I'd prefer you to get home early tonight. RATHER I .................................................... home early tonight. 7. It's a pity the car is so expensive. WISH I .................................................... so expensive. 8. It will be better for you to come alone. SOONER I would ...................................................... on your own. 7) Verb Patterns 1. It's really important that you pay the bill today. REMEMBER You must ................................................ the bill today. 2. I think it would be a good idea if you joined the beginner's class. SUGGEST I .................................................... the beginners class. 3. Meeting John in town was really surprising. EXPECT I ..................................................... John in town. 4. In the future she became a successful business woman. WENT She ................................................... a successful business woman. 5. I'll help you with your homework. MIND I ...................................................... you with your homework. 6. I hated driving on the left at first but now it's OK. USED I ....................................................... on the left now. 7. Don't bother to apply for the job. POINT There ......................................................... for the job. 8. Were you successful in passing the exam? MANAGE Did ............................................................ the exam? 8 Phrasal Verbs 1. I'm really excited about the holiday. LOOKING I ............................................ the holiday. 2. The bomb exploded early this morning 140

OFF The bomb ............................................ early this morning. 3. Why don't you start doing a sport? TAKE Have you thought about ..................................................... a sport? 4. His parents raised him very strictly. UP His parents ................................................... very strictly. 5. They've cancelled the wedding. OFF They have ....................................................... the wedding. 6. I don't think they should abolish military service. AWAY They shouldn't ....................................................... military service. 7. I've got to reduce the amount of sweets I eat. DOWN I must ............................................................. the number of sweets I eat. 8. My host family will let you stay with us. UP My host family will .......................................................... . 9) Practice 1. (Passive + phrasal verb) Thieves have burgled our house. INTO Our house ................................................. 2. (Passive + change from adjective to noun) Businesses are said to be worried about interest rates. CONCERN There ................................................ amongst businesses about interest rates. 3. (Reported speech + verb change) 'I don't share your views on capital punishment' he said. AGREE He told me ................................................ my views on capital punishment. 4. (Passive to active + phrasal verb) Loans must be repayed in full. BACK You ......................................................... all the money. 5. (Preposition x 2) There have been more redundancies this year than before. NUMBER There has been a rise ........................................................... redundancies this year. 6. (Noun to verb + verb change) I'm sorry but you must not smoke here. FORBIDDEN I'm afraid ..... here. 7. (Verb change + verb form) I don't think it's a good idea to get married too early. IN I don't ............................................... too early. 8. (Verb change + verb form) 141

Did you manage to convince him? IN Did you .................................................... him?

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ASSIGNMENT For the questions given, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0 They published this book in England. came This book …..came from…. England. 1.- Can you understand what this paper means? sense Can you …………………………… this paper? 2.- It wasn’t necessary to meet me at the airport yesterday. needn’t You ……………………… me at the airport yesterday. 3.-It was unkind of you to talk to her like that. not You ……………………………… to her like that. 4.-I saw the film although I strongly dislike thrillers. spite I saw the film in …………………… of thrillers. 5.-It’s not possible to play tennis because of the rain. makes The rain ………………………………. to play tennis. 6.-I’ve never tasted such good food before. ever It is the ………………….. tasted. 7.-Do your parents allow you to watch TV late at night? let Do your parents ……………………. TV late at night? 8.-“Did you write a note for Anna?” I asked my mother. she I asked my mother ………………………. a note for Anna. 9.-He gave me the money first, and then he left. after He left …………………………………….. the money. 10.-I don’t find it difficult to get up early any more. used I ………………………………………. up early. 11 He really likes correcting her English. pleasure He ……………………….. correcting her English. 12 It’s not necessary to take a lot of luggage when going on holiday. much You ……………………… luggage when going on holiday. 13 Perhaps he hasn’t received the doctor’s results yet. may He …………………….. the doctor’s results yet. 14 All I want you to do is to look after my dog. care All I want you to do is to ………………….. my dog. 143

15 She was not certain about the trip. decide She …………………………….. about the trip. 16 He locked the gate so that the dog wouldn’t escape. prevent He locked the gate …………………….. escaping. 17 They did not like to pay extra taxes. objected They ……………………………………………. extra taxes. 18 The day was so nice that we went on a picnic. such It was ………………………. that we went on a picnic. 19 The only person I didn’t see was Jane. except I …………………………………………….. Jane. 20 She decided to visit her friend and tell her the news. drop She decided to ………………… her friend and tell her the news. 21 We have to reduce our expenses. cut We have to ………………………………………….. our expenses. 22 “Can you please explain this to me?” she asked the teacher. if She asked the teacher …………………………………… to her. 23 Perhaps he’s working late. may He ………………………………………. late. 24 Nobody ever told me about it. never I ………………………………………………. about it. 25 “I’ll pick him up from the airport,” she said. offered She …………………….. from the airport. 26 I was so shocked that I couldn’t react. wasn’t I …………………………………………………………………… react. 27 People say Greek is a difficult language to learn. said Greek …………………………. difficult language to learn. 28 The police have investigated the crime. by The crime ………………………………………………………… the police. 29 Without your help, I would never have managed. you If ………………………………………. , I would never have managed. 30 The manager made the employees stay late. made The employees …………………………… by the manager. 31 He knows everything about flowers. expert He ……………………………… flowers. 144

32 If you are not old enough you cannot watch certain films. age If you ……………………………….. you cannot watch certain films. 33 I regret that I gave him the money. lent If only …………………………………………. him the money. 34 It was such a boring movie that we left. so The movie ………………………………………….. that we left. 35 People say that the pyramids are worth visiting. supposed The pyramids ………………………………………. worth visiting. 36 John cannot possibly borrow the car tonight. question It’s …………………………… for John to borrow the car tonight. 37 Could I continue what I was doing? get Could I …………………………… what I was doing? 38 Mary is slower at doing things than Jill. fast Mary is …………………………….. Jill at doing things. 39 I can’t make up my mind about the colour. decide I …………………………………….. the colour. 40 There are times when you have to do things by yourself. own There are times when you have to do things ………………. 41 You were late, so you missed the match. wouldn’t If you hadn’t ……………………………………….. missed the match. 42 I am sorry I forgot your birthday. wish I ………………………………………………. your birthday. 43 The burglar managed to escape without punishment. get The burglar managed to ……………. punishment. 44 He failed the test because he did not study enough. attributed His failure in the test ………………….. not studying enough. 45 I wonder if you can lend me something to wear tonight. mind Would ………………….. something to wear tonight? 46 We can’t decide where to go on holidays. decision We can’t ……………………. where to go on holidays. 47 Can you take me to the station by car? give Can you …………………………………. to the station? 48 You will miss the bus if you don’t hurry up. unless You will miss the bus ………………………………………………………. 145

49 It is likely that they have already left. may They …………………….. left. 50 How much is the bus fare from London to Cambridge? cost How much ………………. from London to Cambridge by bus? 51 Sally has not come to school because she has been sick. absent Sally …………………………. school because she has been sick. 52 It is often difficult to find an answer to a problem. solution Finding ……………………………… a problem is often difficult. 53 I was lucky you let me stay with you for the night. put I was lucky you …………………………………. for the night. 54 I advised him to stop smoking. suggested I …………………………….. stop smoking. 55 They are going to do up my room. have I’m going ……………………………. decorated. 56 Jane doesn’t often see Mike. seldom Jane ……………………………. Mike. 57 I can understand this quite well easy It’s ……………………………………….. understand this. 58 My mother doesn’t like us to stay out late. approve My mother doesn’t ……………………………… out late. 59 Mary is employed by IBM, isn’t she? works Mary ……………………………………… she? 60 They could not understand what she said. difficulty They ……………………………………. what she said.

146

OPEN CLOZE Beijing Beijing is China's centre for politics, education, culture and trade. It's situated ______ northern China, close to the port city of Tianjin. It has ______ancient past, but also boasts a wealth of modern developments, and is ______ of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. About 145 million tourists visit Beijing ______ year. Beijing has ______ the capital of China ______ over 850 years, but ______ history dates back more than 3000 years. Beijing is also known ______ "Peking". Beijing's ______ famous attraction is the Great Wall. As the saying ______ , one who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true hero. The Great Wall of China is a series ______ stone and earthen fortifications ______ was built and rebuilt between the 5th-16th centuries BC. It ______ constructed to protect the northern borders from attacks by the Xiongnu, ______ various successive dynasties. ______ the centre of Beijing you will find the Forbidden City. Home to the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Forbidden City houses the largest palace complex in the world. It also contains the Palace Museum with imperial collections of Chinese art. The city has hosted many internationally acclaimed sporting events. In 2008, the summer Olympics and Paralympics ______ held in Beijing. Other competitions include figure skating, badminton, snooker and marathons. In the early 21st century, Beijing ______ witnessed enormous growth, ______ the construction of new buildings showcasing various contemporary styles from international designers. A mixture of both traditional and modern styles of architecture can ______ seen at the 798 Art Zone. Education in England In England, the education system is separated ________ four different types. "Early years" education is for children aged 3-4. From 4-11 years, children________ in "primary" education and from 11-18 they are in "secondary education". "Tertiary" education is ________ anyone over the age of eighteen. This is also sometimes called "higher" education. Full time education is compulsory ________ the ages of 5-17, and the school leaving age________ increased to 18 years in the year 2015. The state pays for children's education during the compulsory period, but fees need to be ________ for early years schooling and higher education. The education system is organised by the Department for Education. In each city or town, local education authorities (LEAs) are responsible ________ implementing the government's policy ________ education, curriculum and education spending. In England, most undergraduate degree courses ________ for three years, (although when the subject is a language, the course often includes ________ extra year spent abroad). Tuition fees for English universities are around £9000 ________ academic year for students from the EU. Non-EU students can expect to pay considerably more. There ________ a lot of debate and criticism in the UK at the moment regarding the education system. Many people think that education standards ________ fallen for many years, and that the government makes ________ many changes to the system. Schools are required to show that their students' results improve every year, ________ is unrealistic. ________ order to achieve this, exams have become easier each year, so that the results appear to have improved where actually they have not. In a recent survey, it________ found that around 50% of universities ________ not believe that the A grades that are now awarded ________ secondary schools prove that the students are of a high ________ standard to begin a degree course. Several universities now ask applicants to________ an entrance exam in addition to their school exams. Glass Blowing The art _____ blowing glass goes back many thousands of years. The earliest evidence we have dates _____ to the 1st century BC, _____ several broken fragments of glass were found in a pile of trash outside a glass shop in the Old City of Jerusalem._____ most glass is now produced in factories, glassblowers can still be found across the globe, still using the traditional techniques that they have used for centuries. 147

The glass-blower works _____ a bench, where he sits to work and keeps his tools within _____ reach. Glass-blowers use a furnace which has three chambers _____ are different temperatures. The first (hottest) chamber is used to create the glass, and its temperature is around 1,320°C. The second chamber is sometimes called "the glory hole", and this reduces the glass to _____ cooler temperature so that the glass-blower can work it into the shapes he wants. The final chamber is _____ coldest one, and is used to slowly cool the glass down, sometimes for several days. Cooling the glass slowly prevents it _____ cracking. The artisan uses a blowpipe, which is first pre-heated, _____ dipped into molten glass. The glass on the blowpipe is then rolled over a flat slab, made of marble or steel. Then air is blown _____ the glass, making a bubble. The glass-blower can then shape the bubble, add more glass onto it, and apply patterns and colours. An example of an advanced glass-blowing technique is the "reticello", in which the glassblower uses two glass bubbles which are twisted in different directions, and then joined _____. The Great Fire of London On the night of Sunday September 2nd 1666 a terrible fire started _______ the most ancient part of England's capital, London. At _______ bakery of Thomas Farriner on Pudding Lane, the fire broke _______ in the middle of the night, and was fanned_______ winds on to nearby buildings, most of _______ were wooden structures. Houses in the area were built very close together, making it easy _______ the flames to leap across into neighbouring buildings. By the following morning the fire had spread northwards at a terrifying speed and _______ destroyed much of the medieval part of the city. The mayor, Sir Thomas Bloodworth, acted slowly. Unsure_______ the best action to take, he took none, and the fire swept across the city destroying everything in _______ path. Londoners panicked, and there was much violence and rioting in the streets, _______ the locals suspected that foreigners may _______ started the fire deliberately. The fire burned across the city _______ three days. On the 5th September, the winds died _______ and it became easier to tackle the fire. It _______ thought that more _______ 13 thousand houses were burnt down, as well _______ 87 churches. Saint Paul's Cathedral was devastated. At the time, surprisingly, only six people _______ confirmed dead. Modern historians think that several hundreds more might have died however, but detailed census records were not kept for poor people _______ in the 17th century. After such enormous destruction in the economic and social capital of the country, it is _______ surprising that it took a long time for London to recover from the Great Fire. A large part of the town had to _______ rebuilt of course, and several radical proposals were put _______. In the end though, the city was rebuilt on more or _______ the same street plan that had been used before the Great Fire. Use of English Mulitple Choice - Snow White Read through the whole text first to get an idea of what this multiple choice cloze exercise is about Choose the best word (a, b, c or d) to complete each gap. Snow White _________ in children's fairy tales across the whole of Europe.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

acts

appears

shows

reads

into

onto

to

on

The most famous version of the Snow White tale is that written by the Brothers Grimm, a pair of German academics who published books on folklore in the early 19th century, and which was made _________ an animated movie by Disney in 1937. 148

Snow White's appearance is very distinctive - she has jet black hair, full ruby-red lips and skin as white as snow. She is always _________ in blue, with a long yellow

wearing

skirt with red and blue striped sleeves, and a white

getting dressed

have on

dressed

collar. She wears a red bow in her hair. She is a sweet and innocent young girl, but is also a kind, _________ character. Disney's Snow White was drawn by Hamilton Luske, and was _________ to be as life-like as possible.

motherly

mother

motherish mothersome

intended

able

wanted

interested

according

related

copied

based

perfect

amazing

purpose

accident

releasing

released releasement

A pioneering film technique of the time was the use of live-action footage as a reference point for the animators. Marjorie Celeste Belcher, a young dancer, provided the motions as a live-action model, then the animation was drawn_________ on her moves. The end result was a very _________ animation.

convincing spectacular

The girl who provided Snow White's voice in the 1937 production was hired almost by _________, as she was overheard singing during an assistant's telephone call.

luck

fate

Adriana Cazelotti received only $970 for providing the silky voice of Snow White. Disney earned $8 million from the original _________ of Snow White and the Seven

release

Dwarves. It has remained popular over the decades, and has been digitally remastered for home _________ on DVD.

seeing

regarding

watching

viewing

Spin-offs include a Snow White Theme Park, a video game and a Broadway musical, as well

numerous numberous numerical

numbering

as _________ toys, games and other branded products. Word Formation Exercise - The Panama Canal In this exercise, one word has been removed from each line of the text. The root of the word is given in capital letters at the end of each line. Change the root word into the correct form to complete each line. Read the whole text first so that you know what it's about. In the Central American country of Panama there is a canal which connects the Atlantic BUILD and Pacific Oceans - the Panama Canal.________ a canal to link these two bodies of water was first attempted in the late 19th century by SUCCESS French engineers. They did not ________ 149

because they ________ how difficult the project would be to complete. The conditions were terrible - for example, the mountains in the area were very ________. When the construction workers tried to cut into the mountainside, they caused fatal landslides. Also, the land was frequently soaked with ________ tropical rains, and malaria from the huge number of mosquitoes in the countryside was a constant threat. It is ________ that around 22,000 people, mostly men, lost their lives during the French attempt to build the canal, and eventually after about eight years of struggle, the ________ company went bankrupt. In the early 20th century, America bought the contract to continue the ________ of the canal, and it was finally finished in 1914. The total cost to America was around $375,000,000 (which is about $8,600,000,000 today). The canal is extremely busy all year round. Nearly a million ships navigate through the canal ________. Using the canal cuts ________ 15,000 km off a journey, compared with going the long way round, (around South America).

ESTIMATE SAFE TORRENT THINK CONSTRUCT DEVELOP ANNUAL APPROXIMATE

Word Formation Exercise - The Vero Centre One of the most famous skyscrapers in New Zealand is The Vero Centre, situated in CONSTRUCT Auckland and constructed in the year 2000. Inside the building you can find a health club and gym, shops and other INCLUDE retail outlets, ________ 32 stories of offices. The Vero Centre is not only one of New TALL Zealand’s ________ structures, but also one of its most technologically and ecologically advanced. It is located in Auckland's PRESTIGE most ________ legal and financial street but is also only a short distance away from the heart of the city centre. Despite its HIGH immense ________, the tower is regarded as having had a positive effect on the ________ of eastern Auckland. Before GENERATE the tower's construction, the area had mostly consisted of low quality or aesthetically________ buildings, such PLEASE as low-grade student housing, ________ warehouses and run-down shops. The local government offered the designers INDUSTRY incentives to build the tower. In exchange for ________ to exhibit local art-work in the public lobby, for example, the AGREE developers were granted permission to build on a ________ area than would normally have been allowed. Not LARGE everybody agreed with this strategy, however. The building has received ________ awards for energy efficiency, design and NUMBER construction. Experts claim that it uses ________ 10% less energy than the average council building in New APPROXIMATE Zealand.

150

LANGUAGE PRACTICE VOCABULARY TEST 1 Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals. 0

My alarm clock didn’t go off and so I overslept this morning.

OVERSLEEP

1

I had been in the country for a year, but I still felt like a ________________ .

2

I have never felt such great ________________ since the day I got married.

3

He’s only been in the job for one week so he’s a bit ________________ .

4

I’ve known him since school days. Our ________________ is very strong.

5

It makes me feel bad to see so many________________ people sleeping in the street.

6

It hasn’t rained for months and there’s a great water ________________ .

7

I don’t like this job. I’m ________________ and overworked.

8

Smoking can be very ________________ to your health.

9

We’ve got all the modern ________________ in our factory.

10

I’m really sorry, I think there has been a ________________ .

FOREIGN HAPPY

EXPERIENCE FRIEND SHORT

PAY

DANGER MACHINE UNDERSTAND

2 Complete each compound word with a word from the box. about

ache

coat

doors

ground

makers

path

table

washer

0

Make sure you walk on the footpath , because the road is dangerous.

1

Turn left at the next round________________.

2

My time________________ this year is quite good – I’ve got nothing on Friday afternoon.

3

I’d prefer to stay in a hotel with holiday________________ , rather than business people.

4

Has anyone got an aspirin? I’ve got a terrible head________________ .

5

It’s cold outside, I think you’ll need an over________________ .

6

To get into London from Heathrow airport just take the Under_____________ .

7

You don’t need to clean the plates yourself, we have a dish________________ .

8

It’s a lovely day. Let’s eat our lunch out________________ in the park.

3 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 0

By 11.00 I felt so tired/tiring that I went to bed.

1

How many photos did you make/take on holiday?

2

I read a really interested/interesting article in the newspaper today.

3

That meal we had yesterday was horrible. I particularly/properly disliked the fish.

4

Have you got any more clothes to put in the dishwasher/washing machine?

5

I’ve told you now/time and again to do your homework!

6

John hates waiting more than ten minutes for a bus. He gets very impatient/unpatient.

7

Sharon was early for her appointment so she read a magazine to lose/pass the time.

8

Shall I turn the central conditioning/heating off. It’s very hot in here.

151

HOME

9

Marcus always said/told the truth. It was impossible for him to lie.

10

It was awful/awfully difficult to read the sign as it was so dark.

4 Choose the word on the right that best matches the descriptions. 0

in the kitchen – you find plates and cups in it

1

in the wall, where you get power for electrical equipment

d

a) bin

2

in the kitchen – turn it to get water

3

in the corner of the room, full of paper

4

the top part of the house – where the chimney is

5

the top part of the room – where the lamp hangs down

6

around the garden

7

between the front door and the garden, to help you get down

8

at the end of the garden path, just before the street

9

covering the floor, from one wall to the other

10

covering a small area of the floor, in the middle of the room

11

on a bed, to make your head comfortable

___

l) step

12

on a sofa, to make your back comfortable

___

m) tap

___

b) carpet

___

c) ceiling

___

d) cupboard ___

e) cushion ___

f) fence

___

g) gate ___

___

h) pillow i) roof

___

j) rug ___

k) socket

5 Underline the correct word in each sentence. 0

When her bicycle was stolen, Jill became extremely angry/nervous.

1

Do you like/fancy going out for a pizza this evening?

2

A lot of my relatives/parents live in America.

3

Those grapes look delicious. I’ll have a large packet/bunch, please.

4

She always shows good judgment. She’s very sensible/sensitive.

5

My brother would really look good in that shirt/blouse.

6

Can you borrow/lend me some money until tomorrow?

7

I was absolutely fascinated/fascinating by his story about Africa.

8

Happy anniversary/birthday, Oliver! Six years old today. Are you having fun?

9

You’ll find better prices/values in the shops if you wait until the sales.

10

My car has broken down. Could you give me a hand/help?

11

Waiter, here is my credit card. Can I have a receipt/bill please?

12

This pullover is much too big for me. It feels really lose/loose.

6 Complete each sentence with a word from the box. One of the words is used twice. after

away

back

down

for

in

on

out

up

0

I’m longing for a few weeks holiday.

1

Excuse me, I’d like to try ________________ this jacket. Where are the changing rooms?

2

I’ll lend you the money but you must pay me ________________ by Friday.

3

Christine said she’d drop ________________ to see her aunt on the way home from Scotland.

4

Do you think my new shirt will go ________________ these trousers?

5

Paul promised to help me with the decorating today but he’s gone to a football match instead. He’s really let me ________________ .

152

with

6

Joanna put ________________ a thick pair of boots as it was snowing outside.

7

Let’s go ________________ to Paris for the weekend. I’ve never been there.

8

Did you know that Louise is going ________________ with my ex-boyfriend?

9

Robbie wanted to dress ________________ as Batman for the party.

10

Jack takes ________________ his father. They’ve even got the same ears!

7a

Match the words in the box with the definitions. cruise

journey

tour

travel

trip

voyage

0

the general activity of moving from place to place (uncountable noun)

1

going from one place to another, usually over a long distance or long time ________________

travel

2

going to a place, staying there, and coming back again

________________

3

a circular journey during which you visit several places

________________

4

a holiday on a large ship

5

a long journey by sea or in space

b

Now complete each sentence with a word from the same box.

0

Foreign travel is very popular these days.

1

The sightseeing ________________ costs €15. You see Big Ben, the Tower of London and St Paul’s.

2

We drove from Germany all the way down to Italy. It was a two-day ________________ .

3

The ________________ from England to America across the Atlantic took several weeks.

4

My parents are going on a ________________ around the Caribbean Islands.

5

They’ve just come back from a ________________ to Ireland. They had a wonderful time.

________________ ________________

8 The words in italics are in the wrong sentences. Find the best word for each sentence. 0

We weren’t sure what to order for lunch, so we asked for the whistle.

menu

1

There are no cars in the city centre – it’s a traffic-free menu.

2

If you can’t afford a hotel, why not stay in a youth crossing?

3

The morning rush tyre lasts from seven until half past nine.

4

We can’t drive to Italy in one day. We’ll need to make an overnight hour.

5

Sorry I’m late. I was stuck in a traffic zone.

6

It’s safer to walk along the road a bit and use the pedestrian hostel.

7

I had to push my bike all the way up the hill. I got a flat stop.

8

The players must stop when they hear the referee’s jam.

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

________________ ________________

________________

________________

9 Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. Hi James We’re on holiday at the moment and we’ve brought our (0) B with us. It’s small but quite comfortable. We’re (1) ______ in France for two weeks, right in the middle of the French (2) ______ . There’s some wonderful (3) ______ around here. There’s even a small (4) ______ where I can (5) ______ fishing. The place has certainly (6) ______ up to our expectations. Actually, we’re lucky to be here as a car (7) ______ into a lorry in front of us on the motorway in England and we nearly (8) ______ the boat. Sarah was ill for a short while and I had to go to the (9) ______ in the nearest village to get her some aspirin. She seems to have got (10) ______ her illness now, but I had to make all the (11) ______

153

for a couple of days. As you know, I’m not the best (12) ______ in the world and while I was (13) ______ some bacon the pan was set (14) ______ fire. Luckily, we had a fire (15) ______ with us and it soon brought the fire under control. We’re off to the beach now. Hope you’re keeping well. All the best Dominic 0

A bungalow

B caravan

C castle

D cottage

1

A passing

B remaining

C spending

D staying

2

A country

B countryside

C land

D ground

3

A look

B scenery

C sight

D view

4

A canal

B river

C sea

D stream

5

A do

B go

C make

D take

6

A kept

B lived

C seemed

D was

7

A collapsed

B crashed

C hit

D struck

8

A arrived

B caught

C lost

D missed

9

A chemist’s

B physician

C surgeon

D hospital

10

A from

B off

C on

D over

11

A courses

B food

C meals

D plates

12

A chef

B chief

C cook

D cooker

13

A baking

B boiling

C grating

D frying

14

A in

B from

C on

D over

15

A brigade

B engine

C extinguisher

D fighter

10 Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals. 0

Nowadays it’s very important to get a good education .

1

I don’t have much ________________ of European history.

EDUCATE KNOW

2

My pencil has broken! Have you got a ________________ ?

SHARP

3

Tomorrow I’m going to send off my ________________ form for the job.

4

Her brother works in the factory as an ________________ .

5

The ________________ in this city has got worse. I find it difficult to breathe.

6

Tony Blair is one of Britain’s most famous ________________ .

7

I’ve been out of work for ages. It’s not much fun being ________________ .

8

If you go to court you will need a good ________________ .

9

Our team is very ________________ . We’ve won three international competition this year.

10

It’s very difficult to live in London on a low ________________ .

11 Choose the word on the right to complete each sentence.

154

APPLY

ENGINE POLLUTE

POLITICS EMPLOY

LAW COME

SUCCEED

0

Look! It’s not working because the plug isn’t in the

1

My shirt got very creased in the suitcase. I need an

j

.

2

If the shelf is coming off the wall, try to tighten the ___ .

c) glue

3

Hang your coat over there on that ___ .

d) hook

4

When a lamp suddenly goes out, we need to change the ___ .

e) iron

5

If you need to climb onto the roof, use a ___ .

f) ladder

6

If you get lost in the forest, use your ___ .

g) lock

7

This key doesn’t work. They must have changed the ___ .

h) razor

8

To stop the alarm working, the burglars cut the ___ .

i) screw

9

In case of punctures, cars always carry a spare ___ .

j) socket

10

I need to have a shave, but I haven’t got a ___ .

l) compass

11

My mobile phone isn’t working. I need to recharge the ___ .

l) tyre

12

The envelope won’t stick down properly. I need some ___ .

m) wire

___ .

12 Underline the correct word in each sentence. 0

Before we set off, we listened to the climate/weather forecast.

1

My favourite/preferred time of year is Spring.

2

Our main bureau/office is in Swindon.

3

Can I just write that date down in my agenda/diary?

4

Your hair is too long. Give me those cutters/scissors and I’ll cut it.

5

I’m always pulling up crops/weeds in the garden. They get everywhere.

6

At present people resign/retire at 65. In the future it may be different.

7

The car has got a small engine/machine and is very economical to use.

8

Lots of chemicals farmers use harm/spoil the environment.

9

Julie’s studying to become a primary school professor/teacher.

10

Bill thanked the guest/host for the party and went home.

155

a) battery b) bulb

SUBJUNCTIVE AND CONDITIONALS I. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets: 1. We (to be) ………………disappointed if there is no snow for winter holidays. 2. If I (to know) ……………….his language, I would speak to him. 3. It (to rain) ……………………….. if there had been a high wind. 4. If you ( not to learn) …………………… it so well, you would not have had a good mark. 5. If it rains this afternoon, I (to take) …………………. my coat. 6. I (to return) ……………………… if you want me to. 7. Your flowers would grow better if you (to water) ………………… them more frequently. 8. Would you mind if I (to come) …………………….. a little later? 9. If he (not to break) …………………… his leg, he would have been able to take part in competition. 10. If you (to make) …………………… a mistake, the teacher would correct it. II. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets: 1. I (to touch) ………………………..it if I (to be) ………………….you. 2. We (to have) ….………… dinner at home if we (not to miss) ……………………. the bus. 3. If he (to be able) ………………………… to swim, he (to drown) ……………….………… 4. If she (to answer) ……………………….. the telephone, she (to hear) ………..…………….. the good news. 5. You (to find) ……………………… the book if you (to open) ……………………….. the bag. 6. We (not to know) ………………………. anything about their plans for the summer holidays if Mario (not to send ) ……………………….us a letter. 7. If he (to be) ……………………in town yesterday he (to call) ……………………... on us. 8. If I (to know) …………………… of your arrival I (to meet) ………………………… you. 9. If you (to know) ……………………….. what it is all about, you (not to keep on ) …………………..……… smiling. 10. If you (to leave) ………………………. earlier you (to catch) ……………………… the tram. III.

Paraphrase the following into complex sentences with subordinate clauses of condition. 1. Come and stay with us for a week or there about. We should be only too glad! 2. I recognised you at once, for your brother described you to me. 3. I forgot to wind up my watch. It has stopped. 4. I will not invite them so they will not come. 5. The garden doesn’t look beautiful because the trees are bare. 6. The river was not frozen. We could not go skating. 7. They had planned to visit us, but Mary fell ill 8. Open the door or I won’t be able to come in. 9. Mr. Smith modernised his factory years ago, and now he is rich. 10. He doesn’t know her address or he will write to her, I’m sure. IV. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets: 1. Dora wished she (to get) …………………………her book out of the suitcase before the train started. 2. I wish I (can)…………………. play tennis as well as you do. 3. He wished he (to stay) …….. ….…………… in bed the whole morning. 4. I wish I (to know) ………………… he was your friend. 5. You are looking wonderful, I wish I (to have) ………………….. your health and vitality. 6. She wishes we (can) ………………….understand her. 7. She wished they (not to notice) ……………………. her embarrassment. 8. I wish I (to buy ) ……………. the car when it was cheaper. 9. I wish I (not to lie) 156

……………………. to Mary. She is so upset now. 10. My father wished he (to see) …………….…… the football match but he didn’t have time. V. Choose the correct conditional form to complete the sentences below. Once you have decided on your answer, click on the arrow to check your answer. 1. If I … (stay) in Barlinek, I would have found a new girlfriend. 2. He would do more to help the poor if he … (be) the Pope. 3. If he goes to London on a business trip, he often …. (visit) Soho. 4. We won't go to the film unless they … (arrive) in the next 5 minutes. 5. She … (buy) a new car if she had had the money. 6. If Yoko were me, she … (go) to Manchester immediately. 7. They will talk to Jacek if he … (come). 8. Bożena comes to work 30 minutes late if her child … (miss) the bus to school. 9. If Peter … (think) twice, he wouldn't have made such a stupid mistake. 10. Kasia … (become) a university lecturer if she studies hard. 11. If they … (know) all the facts, they would have found the defendant guilty. 12. Unless you … (hurry up), we will never arrive on time. 13. If I were in charge, I … (change) the standard business routines. 14. He takes his daughter out to dinner, if she … (come) to town. 15. If I hadn't known better, I … (trust) him.

CONDITIONALS II Q1 - If I ...... you, I would tell him straightaway were am

Q5 - ........, I'd have come immediately Were I to know Had I known

Q2 - If you ...... yellow and blue, you get green will mix mix

Q6 - If I ...... you, I would never have done that had been were

Q3 - If I .........., I would never have done it knew had known

Q7 - Provided you ........ there half an hour before it starts, you'll get straight in will get get

Q4 - Unless you ...... things easy, you'll get ill take don't take

Q8 - Unless you ....... drinking, you'll have serious health problems

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Q21 - What ........ do if you were in my position? will you would you

will stop stop Q9 - If you see him, ......... him to call me? will you ask would you have asked

Q22 - You'll be very ill ....... smoking if you stop unless you stop

Q10 - ........ her help, I'd have been in real trouble But for If only

Q23 - He ....... be able to see you if you get there before nine o'clock would might

Q11 - ........, what would you ask her? Had you seen her Were you to see her

Q24 - Provided you work hard, you ....... pass the exam without any difficulty would will

Q12 - If I ........., I'd have done it myself were there had been there

Q25 - What would you do if the police ......... you? arrested arrest

Q13 - ........., you'll miss your flight If you hurry Unless you hurry

Q26 - Provided you ......... the application forms, you should get the loan straightaway will complete complete

Q14 - ....... there, will you ask him to call me? If he will be Should he be

Q27 - I ......... there if I'd known about it would never have gone would never go

Q15 - Suppose there ......... a problem, what would you have been able to do? had been was

Q28 - She ............. so worried about the operation if the doctor had explained things better wouldn't have been wouldn't be

Q16 - If the weather holds, I ........ play golf this afternoon will would

Q29 - ......... there, you could have helped me Unless you had been Had you been

Q17 - If I ........, I'll do it this evening could can

Q30 - If I ...... in your shoes, I'd be very worried indeed would be were

Q18 - Come on Friday if you ....... will be able to can Q19 - ........ you retire if you won the lottery? Would Will

Q31 - If he ........ earlier, many lives wouldn't have been ruined had been caught was caught

Q20 - If she ..... there, will you give her a message for me? is will be

Q32 - What ........... if you had seen an accident on your way here?

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would you have done would you do

might be able might have been able

Q33 - If the ambulance had arrived sooner, they ......... her life had saved might have saved

Q37 - If I had my life over again, I ...... to university to study history would have gone would go

Q34 - How ...... you cope if you lost your job? will would

Q38 - If he's there, you ...... to tell him what happened ought should

Q35 - If he tries, he ........ do well might would

Q39 - I ......... better than to have trusted them should have known should know

Q36 - If you'd told me earlier, I ....... to help you the other day

REPORTED SPEECH

phone to phone

Q1 - I told him ____ do it. to not to don't not to don't

Q8 - She said that no one _____ to the meeting last week. has come had come Q9 - She told me ____ she wasn't going to come. that --Either could be used here.

Q2 - He asked us ____ show our passports. if to for

Q10 - He asked me what I _____ if I failed to get the job. would do would have done

Q3 - She asked us if we ____ finished the work on Monday. have had Either could be used here.

Q11 - He told me he ___ be here by three o'clock at the latest and it's half past already. will would Either could be used here.

Q4 - She asked us ____ on time. to be for being

Q12 - She promised she _____ do it by the end of the week and then let me down. will would Either could be used here.

Q5 - She asked if she ____ leave early. can could Q6 - They asked me _____ going to the party. that I was if I was

Q13 - She said it _____ raining when she got here. already started had already started Either could be used here.

Q7 - He told me ____ my father.

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Q14 - She explained how ______ do it. to I should Either could be used here.

worse worst Q11 - The worst play I've ..... seen ever never

Q15 - He said he _____ her before. didn't meet hadn't met Either could be used here.

Q12 - I saw ..... anybody nobody Q13 - Something ...... be done about it ought should

GAP FILL-IN I Q1 - I ...... to him for the past month didn't speak haven't spoken

Q14 - We ..... better be off now had would

Q2 - Professionals ....... as doctors and lawyers Like Such

Q15 - It's about a journey up ..... the Amazon Amazon

Q3 - The dog's ..... the field in at

Q16 - We stayed at ....... Hotel Grand The Grand

Q4 - Professionals ....... doctors and lawyers Like Such

Q17 - The house ..... I was born where which

Q5 - The doctor, ..... saw me in the afternoon who that

Q18 - The house ..... I was born in where which

Q6 - The nurse ..... saw me in the afternoon who which

Q19 - The house in ..... I was born where which

Q7 - Something ...... to be done about it ought should

Q20 - ..... least at in

Q8 - I didn't see ..... anyone no-one

Q21 - It didn't bother me ..... the least at in

Q9 - She didn't ..... finish it quite quiet

Q22 - According .... the media to with

Q10 - The ..... film I've ever seen

Q23 - In accordance ..... the regulations

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Q29 - It was ..... a nice day so such

with to Q24 - She took it ...... her bag from out

Q30 - The weather was ..... nice so such

Q25 - She took it ...... of her bag from out

Q31 - It all happened ..... quickly so such

Q26 - It was ...... hot to drink too such

Q32 - ..... people Many Many of

Q27 - It was ...... hot that I couldn't drink it so too

Q33 - ..... the people Many Many of

Q28 - It was ...... hot to touch too so

TIME CLAUSES  Complete these sentences with if, unless, when, as soon as or until. 1. We’ll never get there on time __________ Sedef gets ready quickly. 2. I’m so excited. I’m going to get my skis on _________ we get there! 3. I’d take that job _________ the salary was better. 4. I’ll take driving lessons ________ I’ve finished school. I’m not in a hurry. 5. I can’t go to the office ________ I’ve found my car keys! 6. Alex won’t get a birthday present from me __________ I go shopping today. His birthday is tomorrow. 7. We won’t be able to buy a new car _________ we’ve saved enough money. 8. I have to take the pasta out of the water __________ it’s cooked, or it gets too soft and sticky. 9. We’d go and visit them more often _________ getting there was cheaper. 10. I’d buy myself an up-to-date iPhone __________ I had a really good job.  Complete the sentences with the verb either in future or present tense, using contractions when possible. 1. He will wash up before he (to go) to bed. 2. When it (to get) cold I 'll light the fire. 3. When the Queen (to arrive) the audience will stand up. 4. She (to give) the children their dinner before he comes home. 5. I will pay you when I (to get) my cheque. 6. She (to stay) in bed till the clock strikes seven. 7. He'll have to behave better when he (to go) to school. 8. She will go on until he (to tell) her to stop. 9. The lift (not start) until you press that button. 10. When he (to return) I'll give him the key. 161

REVISION I. Fill in the sentences with the correct form of the passive: 1 Please wait in the lounge while your room ________(clean). 2 From next week, you ________ (expect) to arrive at work on time. 3 Too much money ________ (spend) last year on personal expenses. 4 Most of the pollution in city centers ________ (cause) by traffic jams. 5 Around £500,000 ________ (steal) from a bank in London this afternoon. 6 Next year over 2,000,000 mobile phones ________ (make) in China. 7 Kill Bill ________ (direct) by Quentin Tarantino. II. Complete the jokes by putting the verbs in brackets in the correct passive: 1. A teacher asked her class to write an essay about a football match. A minute later all the students were writing except one boy. The teacher looked at his paper. It said, “The game ………………….. (stop) in the first minute by rain.” 2. “Why …………..the tennis player ………….(give) a cigarette lighter at the end of the competition?” “I don’t know” “Because he had lost all his matches” 3. “Mum, do all fairy tales begin with ?” “No, darling. Some start with : < Sorry I’m so late, darling, I ……………… (detain) at the office>” III. Complete these jokes by putting the verbs given in the correct perfect passive form: 1. “Why are you putting a bandage over your pay cheque?” “Because my salary ………just…………. (cut)” 2. A man went to a hospital for a new brain. He was given a choice between two brains – an engineer’s for 30,000 $ or a politician’s for 600,000 $. “Does that mean the politician’s brain is much better?” “ Not exactly, said the doctor. The politician’s brain ……never ……..(use). 3. “I …………………..(ask) to get married hundreds of times.” “ Oh! Who by?” “My parents” 4. A man was visiting his friend in hospital. “ You ………………..(miss) by everybody at the factory.” “ That’s nice” “Yes. Yesterday the boss came to me and said:” IV. Ask questions about the underlined part of the sentences: 1. The car belongs to my uncle. 2. The orchestra is playing dance music. 3. The post arrives twice a week. 4. Sir John is kissing a young girl. 5. I usually take two aspirins when I have a headache. 6. She reads love stories mostly. 7. She is wearing a red dress. 8. At Halloween American kids dress up as ghosts. 9. Your father smokes at least 10 cigarettes a day. 10. Miss Smith is talking to her dog in Japanese. 162

V. Complete with the right form of the verb indicated: 1. We (live) _________in this small house for the time being. 2. Our house (face)_________west. 3. That woman (wear)_____________my hat! 4. This soup (taste)___________awful. 5. I assure you that the man who (stand)__________over there(not spy)__________on us. You (imagine)______________things! VI. Circle the correct form: 1. I must admit that we have serious problems but now we work/are working hard to solve them. 2. Millions of commuters rely/are relying on the railways to get to work in the morning. 3. To be honest, the service is so bad that, until it improves, I drive/am driving to work. 4. Ladies and gentlemen, the train approaches/is approaching King's Cross station, where this service terminates/is terminating. 5. Do you often go/are going to work by bike? VII. Complete the jokes by using the right form of the suitable verb from the following: drown, look, tell, eat

chew,

1.”The police ……………for a man with one eye called Bone.” “What’s his other eye called ?” 2. “Is that your nose or you just ………………..a banana?” 3. It’s Andrew’s first day at a new school.” Excuse me, young man ,but ,…………… gum?” “No, sir, I’m Andrew Sale.” 4.”Come out of the water ! You are not allowed to swim here!” “But, I’m not swimming officer, I…………………!!” 5. Two little sisters are in bed together. “Are you asleep?” “I (not)………………….you!” VIII. Complete these sentences with used to or use to and the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1. At first I found it difficult to wake up so early, but now I…………………………(get up) at 5.30 every day. 2. When we were young, my sister and I …………….….(fight) like cat and dog. 3. My last English teacher made us work really hard; he …………………………………(never give) us any free time. 4. I……………….. (not like) seafood, but now I’m mad about it! 5. I……………………………………..(not) this horrible weather. I prefer sunshine and warmth. IX. Correct the mistake in each sentence: 1. Although she doesn’t look it, my sister is much more young than me. 2. Mark is the younger person in the class. 3. Do you think that Yvette is the prettiest girl in our class. 4. The month I spent in Australia was the more exciting month of my life! 5. My brother is slight shorter than me. X. Choose the best alternative to complete these sentences: 163

1. He seems a bit rude when you first meet him, but when you……………. to know him better, he’s really very friendly. A. do B. go C. get D. make 2. I don’t think I……………. to go out tonight. A. Should B. ought C. must D. shouldn’t 3. …………………..my holidays , I like to take things easy and relax. A While B. at C. with D. during 4. We had……………………. a great time we didn’t want to come home. A. So B. very C. really D. such 5. They ……………………….us not to walk on the ice in case it broke. A. Said B. suggest C. warned D. explained 6. He was nervous because

he………………..been on an aeroplane before. A. wasn’t B. hadn’t C. Isn’t D. didn’t 7. We spent a ………………………………more money than we had intended. A. lot B. much C. far D great 8. He is afraid to……………………………..his mind; sometimes he can be a bit insensitive. A. talk B. well C. discuss D. speak 9. I love that story you wrote; it was………………….. excellent. A. very B. extremely C. such D. absolutely 10. This computer costs L850. It’s only a…………cheaper than the one you brought last week. A. little B.less C. much D. slightly

XI. Translate the following sentences: 1. El locuieste in acest oras din 1989. 2. Doar ce am terminat de luat cina. 3. Avionul va decola la 8 p.m. 4. El vorbeste fluent doua limbi. 5. O sa varuiesc camera fiicei mele la primavara. 6. Este primul lucru pe care mi l-ai spus toata ziua. XII. Turn the sentences into indirect speech: 1. Open the window! 2. Why did you change your job? 3. Why didn’t you go to Mary’s party yesterday? 4. Where will you go tomorrow after the classes? 5. Are you going to her office? 6. Do you like living in the country? XIII. Turn the sentences into the passive voice: 1. They are building the bridge now. 2. He gave his mother a flower. 3. She brought the news to her friends. 4. They didn’t inform us. 5. She looks after the children very well. XIV. Choose the suitable word in brackets: 1. (pleasant, pleasantly) We had a …… time in Mamaia. 2. (clearly, clear) Jim spoke very …… when he told us about that. 3. (hard, hardly) He works …… for his children. 4. (slow, slowly) We drove ……along the narrow road. 5. (sad, sadly) His …… eyes cleared when he heard the news.

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VERB AND PREPOSITIONS 1. The young woman with the broken leg leaned … the ambulance assistant. 2. Mothers tell their children not to stare … people. 3. The teacher was very happy because all the students laughed … her jokes. 4. Please protect me … the bad people! 5. During the holidays I always think … you. 6. My mother likes it when I write her e-mail messages; she loves to hear … me. 7. The politician asked me to vote … him. 8. What does this dish consist … ? Just rice and beans. 9. Please include me … your plans; I would very much like to go to the cinema with you. 10. I recently received a cheque … my uncle. 11. Don't thank me … preparing this exercise; it was a real pleasure for me. 12. Oh, go away! Disappear … my sight! 13. My teachers are always trying to prevent me … doing something stupid. 14. I approve … the president's foreign policy. 15. She was very amused … what they did. 16. His parents told him he would never be great; they thought he would never amount … anything. 17. I cannot cope … small children; they make me very tired. 18. She was always very pleased … her students. 19. I always say "Hope … the best, but prepare … the worst." 20. If you know what's good for you you won't interfere … me or my plans! 21. The thief confessed … the robbery. 22. You should always reply … my e-mail messages. 23. It is always wise to protect oneself … bad people and situations. 24. She always confused Spanish … Portuguese. 25. Don't forget to pay … your shopping before you leave the store.

ADJECTIVES AND PREPOSITIONS 1. She is so irritating; she always thinks she is right … everything. 2. I am keen … paragliding - I go every Sunday, rain or shine. 3. She goes weak … the knees every time her boyfriend comes into the room. 4. I am safe … danger in my house - I hope. 5. She is very quick … Maths. 6. It is never a good idea to be rude … other people. 7. She is jealous … her little sister. 8. My teacher is always patient … me. 9. Is there sufficient cake … everyone? 10. He is right … thinking that the earth is round. 11. I am enthusiastic … cinema, and anything to do with film-making. 12. She is too dependent … others; she should try to be more independent. 13. I am fortunate … my choice of friends - they are all great. 14. Don't sit so far … me! Come a little closer. 15. I think he is very good … his German lessons. 16. It is a good idea to be polite … everyone. 17. I am very fond … my aunt - she is a wonderful woman. 18. I am content … what I have. 19. I am ready … the next semester. 20. She was very curious … his private life!

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EXERCISE 1 Four words or phrases, labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4, are given below the conversation. Choose the word or phrase that will correctly complete the conversation. 1. I am slow to _____. express my opinion express my viewing make my views make my opinion

8. Mary's house is _____ the hair salon. Do you think you can find it? along near to against next to

2. I have to have this report finished _____. by Friday until Friday Friday before Friday beginning

9. The burning stick was very hot. He let _____ just in time. alone it go alone it go it go of it

3. We were fortunate enough to visit the Grand Canyon. It has _____. beautiful scenery that is much many beautiful landscapes many beautiful sceneries much beautiful scenery

10. Do we have _____ money to last us the week? a lot of plentiful plenty of enough

4. The car was parked directly _____ the diner. before ahead of in front of preceding

11. John decided _____ golf on weekends. to begin to commence to take up to start up

5. The ski resorts are usually crowded. There are many people _____ skiing. enjoy that enjoying who enjoy who enjoying

12. It _____ to me whether we meet them or not. makes no difference makes not a difference is indifferent is not a difference

6. It is already 3 o'clock. Can you _____ time to catch the bus? have enough have it in make in make it in

13. We were _____ after all the hard work. wear out outworn weary out worn out

7. I went to have my glasses _____. fit fitted fit on fitted on

14. We saw _____ wild animals while on vacation. quite a few quite much quite many quite some

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swim to swim swimming to swimming

15. They are late as usual. I don't think we should _____ them. await for wait for await on wait on

21. The New York police were very anxious _____ about the crime. more learn learn more to more learn to learn more

16. Are you _____ the competition? enter going entering go to enter going to enter

22. Many excited women could _____ at the department store sale. seen be seen be seeing be see

17. You had better _____ the tourist information office. inquire at inquiring at inquire to inquiring at

23. The sink in the locker room tends to _____ . flow overflow flow over over flowing

18. Ireland was part of the UK, _____? didn't it wasn't it hasn't it weren't it

24. How long did the baseball game _____? last endure survive continue

19. They will be _____ at the party. present presents presenting at present

25. We must _____ the annual board meeting tomorrow. attend attend to attend in attending

20. Will they go _____ this summer?

EXERCISE 2 Four words or phrases, labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4, are given below the conversation. Choose the word or phrase that will correctly complete the conversation.

2. When we woke up, everywhere was _____ snow. covered covered by covered with covering 3. Do earthquakes _____ often in North America?

1. The subway station is _____ here. near near to near from nearing

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break break out happen to occur 4. We had better _____ before it begins to rain. leave leaving to leave to leaving 5. A large crowd _____ in front of the train station. gathering to gather had gathered had gathering 6. In winter, driving accidents occur quite _____ on the highways. frequently many much a few 7. Would you like to _____ to the United States? trip voyage travel went 8. Most people at some stage have a feeling _____. responsible responsibility of responsibility to be responsible 9. This stadium can hold _____. much audience a large audience much audiences many audiences 10. When the mountain forests _____, there can be large forest fires. become dry becoming dry become drying drying 11. "What kind of work are you doing for that company?" "I'm _____ as an administrator." worked occupied hired employed 12. "I don't want to buy anything, do you?" "Yes, I'd like to buy _____" pencil much pencils any pencils some pencils 13. We can _____ sports on Saturday if you'd like. do have play enjoy 14. _____ the hotel rooms are reserved throughout peak season. Almost Almost of Almost all of Most of all 15. "Where did you work before?"

"I worked only minutes _____ railroad track." from from the near away 16. "I don't think it will rain at all today, do you?" "No, I _____ so." think not not think don't think do think not 17. We have only another five minutes. I think we _____. hurry be hurry to hurry should hurry 18. Many fans showed up at the stadium. They were _____ the big game. anxious seeing anxious to see to anxiously see to see anxiously 19. "Who did you meet at the community dinner dance?" "I met many _____ people." grandly celebration fame prominent 20. "John isn't sure that the meeting will be held tomorrow." "But I _____." certain certainly am certain am certainly 21. My brother loves to watch baseball; I _____ basketball. prefer to watch to prefer watching watch preferring preferring to watch 22. Many people are waiting for the news bulletin. It will _____ soon. be circulate circulate around come near come around 23. I think our guests will _____. be here shortly shortly be here here be shortly here shortly be 24. Who _____ when John is likely to turn up. know do know is knowing knows 25. The managers are _____ a new work schedule now. arranging arranging up be arrange to arranging

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EXERCISE 3 Four words or phrases, labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4, are given below the conversation. Choose the word or phrase that will correctly complete the conversation. 1. His family keep asking him _____ smoking. visit in give up drop in giving up call in to give up 13. We will serve our guests soon. We had better ____ now. to giving up have table set 2. I plan _____ swimming twice a week from now on. set table do setting table on do set the table go 14. He hurt his leg _____ in order to miss the exam." to go at purpose 3. We have an exam next week. It is very necessary _____. for purpose study hard in purpose to study hard on purpose hard study 15. How is he _____ these days? I hope he is doing well. to hard study get along 4. They opened the door at noon. Some people were already _____. get to along in line to wait getting along in line waiting to getting along line in waiting 16. Are you going to _____ with your cousin while in town? waiting in line get in touch 5. The theater performance _____. getting in touch succeed to getting in touch successful have touch was success 17. We are going to _____ the Town Games for fun. was a success part take in 6. I had _____ finding my way around New York when I first arrived. take part in quite time take part with a quite time taking in part a time quite 18. Since the rainstorm came _____, it did a lot of damage in the area. quite a time surprisingly 7. Guess who I _____ yesterday. I saw my old landlord at the bank. rapid into run in hurry into ran suddenly ran into 19. I'll be home late. Please don't _____ me. run into wait up on 8. The next bus will arrive _____. wait up for three o'clock waiting up for at three o'clock be wait up for on three o'clock 20. Who will _____ your dog while you are away" in three o'clock look after 9. He was _____ have a doctor's appointment today. be look after supposed to look after supposing for looking after supposed to 21. The new teacher loves poems and makes us _____. supposing to learn them heartily 10. "Why are you rushing?" heartily learn them "I have _____ with my doctor." learn them by heart an appointment learning by heart them a pledge 22. _____ I like to do something completely spontaneous. a promise every so often a contract every often so 11. "Let's _____ a new movie tomorrow." very so often "Yes, let's." very often so take in 23. Please _____ soon. take into your mind make up take to up and make your mind taking make up your mind 12. I will stay in the Golden Hotel in New York. make upon your mind Why don't you guys _____? 24. Taking photos here is _____. visits questionably

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out of question out of the question out for the question 25. My assistant John will be _____ in my absence.

charging on charge in charge for charge

EXERCISE 4 1. "Have you had enough to eat?" "I'd like _____, please." another one more some more any more 2. The woman was _____ someone might recognize her. afraid of afraid about afraid for afraid that 3. The organisation _____ 25 years ago. found founded was found was founded 4. I wish I _____ with Ann. am was were would be 5. Please turn off all the lights when _____. you leave you will leave you will leave left you had left 6. Until last year, she was the largest ship that _____. was ever built has ever built has ever been built had ever been built 7. We lived there _____ ten years. for during since while 8. My grandfather _____ of heart failure in his sixties. dead died was died was dead 9. They are rich enough to own _____. not a helicopter only, but a yacht as well not only a helicopter, but a yacht as well only a helicopter, but a yacht as well as well as a helicopter, not only a yacht 10. She _____ the letter on the office desk. lay lied laid lain 11. There wasn't a single person _____ at the beach. in sight on sight seeing to see 12. This sauce doesn't taste _____ it should.

as for like where as 13. John was neither willing to go _____. nor able go nor was able nor he was able nor able to go 14. If one is to learn a language well, _____. it must be spoken regularly one must be spoken regularly it must speak regularly one must speak it regularly 15. I don't especially care _____ those types of movies. by to for with 16. _____ me for a few minutes? Would you to help Would you helping Would you mind to help Would you mind helping 17. _____ to the beach on the weekend. Let's go Let's going Let's went Let's to go 18. "Did you give John his share of the money?" "No, I _____ it to him, but I didn't have enough time." was to have gave was to have given was to had given was to had gave 19. Your taste in movies is very different _____ mine. from to with as 20. "You _____ think they'd be here by now." would should could might 21. I don't know _____ the rope, but hopefully it will do the job. how long how long is the length of the long of 22. "Excuse me. Where is the post office?" "It is _____ of the large blue hotel." in the front on the front in front on front

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23. She's finally decided that _____ she's going to study much harder. after now from this now from from now on 24. My brother _____ the university last year. graduated graduated from

was graduated graduated of 25. We won't be able to go to the club _____ our parents give us permission. although nevertheless unless without

EXERCISE 5 1. Why don't you try to come home _____ 9 o'clock? "I'm sorry. I really _____." by am hurry under am in a hurry until have a hurry up to am hurried 2. My father _____ to the Golf Club for the past 25 years. 12. Would you care for _____ cup of tea? was belonging another has belonged more has been belonged one other has belonging some more 3. Portuguese is quite _____ Spanish. 13. I'm right this time, _____? similar agree with similar from agree to similar to agree similar with agree about 4. My youngest sister _____ last summer. 14. _____ who looks for trouble usually finds it. marriaged Anyone got married These got marriaged Those was married to Them 5. Paper is _____ wood. 15. We have much to _____ today, so please concentrate. made by discuss made of discuss about made from discuss over made with discuss with 6. He _____ take off his shoes before he entered the room. 16. The sun _____ at 7 o'clock yesterday evening. must set has to setted have to has set had to had setted 7. You'd better go now, _____ you'll miss the next train. 17. I _____ finish my work before lunch yesterday, so I went shopping. if else able to or else was able to or not managed unless could have 8. He moved the TV antenna _____ he could get a clearer picture. 18. _____ would you most like to have? because of These of which in which What of these so which Any of these so that Which of these 9. How do you say "that's mine" _____ Spanish? 19. I'll finish my work by four o'clock and _____ home. by go to in go back on come to with come back to 10. Our mother _____ scrub the kitchen walls and floor. 20. My younger brother plays _____. had us the piano very well had us to very good the piano us had the piano very good us to very well the piano 11. "Could you do me a small favor?" 21. Lauren _____ in Singapore.

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growed grew up grown up was grown up 22. What _____? means this word does this word meaning is this word meaning does this word mean 23. "Which horse came in first?" "That tall black one _____." has is was did 24. I couldn't find _____ your last question. an answer to an answer answering to answer 25. The electric light was invented in _____. the nineteenth century nineteen centuries nineteen century century the nineteenth

EXERCISE 6 1. _____ Easter, kids receive lots of chocolate Easter eggs in USA. On At In By 2. I wish you _____ me how to make such a sauce last time. teach taught have taught had taught 3. How much money did he borrow _____ the bank? to of off from 4. "How much sugar is left?" "_____." None Nothing Not some Not one 5. _____ ended after 4 years in 1918. World War First World War I First World War World War the First 6. My brother loves music very much and has _____ of tapes.

a large collection large collection much collections many collection 7. We couldn't enter the court. The police _____ let us in. shall not won't shouldn't wouldn't 8. "Have you ever played tennis?" "Yes, I _____ played it." have have ever have been had been 9. Jane didn't go _____ this morning. She was at home. somewhere anywhere no where 10. If I _____ you, I wouldn't do that. am was were had been 11. We don't travel to any country _____ crime rate is known to be very high. which

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whose that which that 12. By my 50th birthday, I _____ in my current profession for over 20 years. will be will have been would be would have been 13. Finally John bought a _____ sedan. green new 1988 four-door 1988 green new four-door new green 1988 four-door new four-door green 1988 14. My father taught me basic accounting and _____. to type how to type how to typing typing 15. _____ my childhood, I studied in Paris. During Ever When While 16. Jane's hair is brown, and her eyes _____. green are green was green has been green 17. The children _____ do their homework while watching TV yesterday. was able to were able to would could have 18. The English students _____ by that eccentric teacher at that time. were learning were being taught were being teaching

were being learned 19. "Hello! _____ John Smith speaking." I'm This is There is Here is 20. It is sometimes very difficult _____ in a second language. to make oneself understood for oneself to be understanding understanding oneself to understand oneself 21. The hero rode through the village _____ of a large white horse. over the back in the back back on the back 22. This is the _____ curry sauce I've ever tasted. more good most good best most best 23. If Jane asks her mother, she _____ permission. may have gotten might have gotten might get maybe get 24. He fell from the top of the metal staircase, _____ breaking his leg. so because thus whence 25. My sister lived in France for two years and my niece _____ there. borned born was borned was born

EXERCISE 7 1. It is very rude to point _____ someone in many cultures. at to into off 2. Was my child polite _____ you? at from to with 3. If our plans are carried _____ now, we will solve that issue. out up upon through 4. The neighbours didn't go on vacation, _____? didn't they did it did they didn't it

5. It _____ the day before yesterday. snowed was snow has snowed was snowed 6. Have you ever _____ on a horse? It is a wonderful experience. rode rid to ride ridden 7. He is learning Chinese _____ Mr. Chan. through by to from 8. Students are supposed to sit attentively _____ their desks. at beside to beneath

173

9. "Where is the library?" "It's _____ your right." in on at by 10. Tom is very temperamental, and he _____. always gets angry gets always angry always angry gets angry always gets 11. "How many products did you sell?" "_____ than we had expected." Less Lesser Few Fewer 12. It's not an easy task. However, please have him _____ it. do to do doing have to do 13. I would like to apply _____ the position of sales clerk that you advertised in the Sunday newspaper. for to with in 14. It's often difficult for a young child _____ clothes. wearing to wear putting on to put on 15. This knife is quite sharp. We use it _____. for to cut the bread to cut with the bread cutting with the bread to cut the bread 16. I could have done it for you if you _____. ask to me to asked me to had asked me had asked me to 17. Joe _____.

likes football best likes best football best likes football likes play football best 18. My sister went _____ yesterday. to shopping shopping to shop shopped 19. John is _____ soccer magazines. interested interesting interested in interest in 20. I liked the job better than Bob _____. did do has done done 21. _____ my CDs are indie rock. Almost Almost all Most Most of all 22. _____ are you speaking? I didn't catch the name. Who Whom Of who Of whom 23. _____ will be invited to join us for lunch on Saturday. Whoever will come Whoever come Whoever comes Whoever would come 24. _____ I hate getting up at six, I have to. Much as As much So much as So much 25. I'll give you another hour _____. making your mind up making up your mind make up your mind to make up your mind

EXERCISE 8 1. _____ the floor manager, we don't need to work this Friday afternoon. According According of According from According to 2. You _____ see the doctor if that back ache persists. better better have have better had better 3. How long does it take _____ the nearest train station? get to

to get to get to getting to 4. He likes his new job very much and _____. works hardly hard works hardly work works hard 5. Please fill _____ this online application form. up on down out 6. "I've never seen that movie." "_____ have I."

174

So Either Neither Too 7. "Haven't you been to New York?" "_____ been there." Yes, I haven't Yes, I wasn't No, I haven't No, I have 8. "Where does Helen live?" "She lives _____." in the Moore Street on Moore Street at Moore Street on the Moore Street 9. Is your TV _____? as large as mine so large as me as large as me so large as mine 10. I've never seen _____. such a tall man so tall man such tall man as tall man 11. Please carry this box _____ the next room. inside at in into 12. My mother didn't buy _____ food at that store. one some a any 13. "How often do you play tennis?" "I play _____." two times in a month two times a month two months a time two times of a month 14. John started his current job _____ October 10. at on in to 15. Would you go with us if you _____ the money? will have have would have had 16. There hasn't _____. been a concert like this before

been a concert like before this a concert been like this before before a concert been like this 17. You had better stay _____ home and get rid of your cold. at in inside into 18. "Whose cell phone is this?" "It's _____" the cell phone of my friend my friend's belong a friend of mine one of my friends 19. "How do I use this tool?" "Hold it _____." on your right firmly hand in your firmly right hand firmly in your right hand firmly on your right hand 20. It's really hard to believe _____. he would say such a terrible thing such a terrible thing he would say to say he would such a terrible thing would he say such a terrible thing 21. "Did you fully understand what I meant?" "_____." I think so So I think I so think So think I 22. Jane is the woman who is standing _____ my mother. before to the front of in front of front of 23. _____ the audience safely left the theater through the fire exits. Every one Every member Every member of Every all of 24. He _____ he was going to visit his sister in Ohio. spoke that talked that said that told that 25. We _____ our favorite team's performance. were disappointed by were disappointed of were disappointing were disappointing in

PART 9 I. Five sentences have been removed from the following passage. Choose from the sentences (A-F) the one which fits each gap (1-5). There is one extra sentence which do not need to use. Gwen Crowley likes to borrow clothes from other people. She also buys clothes from celebrities such as Cher in order to sell them in her second- hand clothes shop, Star Wares , in Los Angeles. 175

Cher tends to get rid of a lot of her things each year and we just go over with a truck and pick them up. I’ve met her a few times , although I’ve never been wearing any of her clothes at the time. (1)… I love Cher’s style. I have her shoes, her jewellery, and even some of her furniture. Many of my customers don’t wear the clothes they buy and just keep them as souvenirs. (2)… I also had a denim shirt which I bought from Mel Gibson. I wore it all the time , even when I was decorating the house. (3)…I really liked that shirt and it was great fun telling people which famous person owned it before. Although my husband doesn’t share my passion , he was delighted when I bought him Cary Grant’s silver cigarette case for his 40th birthday. (4)….It’s wonderful to have a part of someone that you admire, that you can actually hold, look at and wear. At the moment I’ve got my eye on a very special costume from my favourite TV programme. (5)… It’s not the sort of thing you can wear to the shops, but it would certainly attract attention at a fancy dress party! A. If it was something I really liked, though, I would buy it, no matter how much it cost. B. I got paint on it and all sorts of other stains , but it broke my heart when I finally had to throw it away. C. It’s in a cloth bag and has the actor’s name inscribed on the front. D. However, I like to enjoy my clothes and I alwayd wear Cher’s things until they’re worn out. E. It’s Dr McCoy’s original tunic from the Star Trek series. F. I’m not sure how she’d react if she saw me in one of her old sweaters or skirts. II. Use the word given to complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Do not change the word given . 1. Unless she starts doing some work, she’s going to fail the exam.( if) / She’s going to fail the exam………doing some work. 2. They have built a science lab for our school. (been)/ A science lab……….for our school. 3. „Don’t try to call me up!” Paul said to me. (told)/ Paul……….call him up. 4. I made a mistake by not reporting the incident to the police. (have)/ I………the incident to the police. 5. Can’t you do any better than that? (best)/ Is that……..you can do? 6. Most students usually wake up early before an exam. ( used)/ Most students are…..before an exam. 7. „Well done!” You raised the most money”, said Angela to us. (congratulated)/ Angela…………the most money. 8. You will never forget that you saw this play tonight. ( remember)/ You…..this play tonight. 9. Anna got married six months ago. ( since)/ It’s ………Anna got married. 10. „Why haven’t you told us the truth?” his parents asked. (know)/ His parents wanted to…..the truth. III. Fill in ONE suitable word in each blank. There is one example (0). It’s a fact that 0- nowadays many young people become involved (1)……crime. (2)…work alone and others are members of gangs. The (3)…for this are unclear. Some (4)……society is to blame, others believe that the change in family life is at fault. 176

One boy who (5)…broken into numerous houses and robbed the owners of (6)….possessions was arrested recently for his crimes and held at the police station. He (7)….appear in court shortly and, if he is found guilty, he will be sentenced to time in jail. His parents are worried about the effect jail will have on him. Perhaps they should have been (8)….interested while he was growing (9)…. And then, he might (10) ….be in this situation now. IV. For questions 1- 15, read the text below and decide which word A,B,C or D best fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Every year, the village of Pettineo (0) A….its unique arts festival. For a few days each summer, artists from all over Europe (1)….at this village near the north coast of Sicily to (2)…the creative atmosphere. (3)…their stay, the artists get together with the local people to paint a one- kilometre long picture that runs the (4)…of the high street. (5)…the painting is done, each visiting artist joins a local family for a big lunch and, (6)…the meal, the family receives the (7)…of the painting that the artist has painted. As a result, (8)…few villagers are rich, almost every home has at (9)... one painting by a wellknown European artist. Visitors to the village are eagerly (10)…into homes to see these paintings. The festival was the idea of Antonio Presti, a local businessman who (11)…it up several years ago. Since then , Pettineo has (12)…a sort of domestic art museum in (13)…any visitor can ring a doorbell, go into a house and (14)…a painting. In addition to this exhibition (15)…paintings in people’s homes, for those who have time to spare, there is an opportunity to wander through the display of huge sculptures in the village square. 0

A celebrates

B shows

C honours

D demonstrates

1

A group

B crowd

C gather

D combine

2

A amuse

B enjoy

C entertain

D delight

3

A During

B In

C While

D At

4

A size

B measure

C length

D area

5

A Just

B Once

C Soon

D Only

6

A in addition to

B in place of

C in common with

D in exchange for

7

A partition

B section

C division

D region

8

A though

B despite

C since

D even

9

A less

B last

C least

D most

10

A persuaded

B invited

C requested

D attracted

11

A set

B put

C got

D had

12

A become

B advanced

C grown

D increased

13

A what

B where

C whom

D which

14

A wonder

B stare

C admire

D respect

15

A at

B on

C of

D in

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V. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. If the line is corect, put a tick ( ). If it has a word that should not be there, write this word on the line, as in the examples. 

Are you one of those who jump at any occasion to visit the shops?

0

Are you an unredeemed bargain hunter who ever walks through the

00 ever

markets armed out with your trusty credit card? Shopping can be

1

the best way to begin or end a difficult day. And by this we don’t mean

2

just hitting against the stores, emptying your wallet. We also mean

3

to browsing through a good bookshop for something that will take you

4

to destinations , buying a gadget spotted in a window that is just

5

the own thing to brighten up your desk, choosing a small treat for yourself

6

or a gift for a friend , deciding on to something from Gucci or Armani.

7

Shopping can be lots of things, a combination of those moments

8

after that give you a lift : visiting the shops, having coffee with a friend,

9

opening the bag at home, experiencing the pleasure of that special purchase.

10

VI. Read the text and use the words given in capitals to form words that fit in the numbered gaps. The words are given in the order in which you need to use them. There is an example at the beginning. (0) FASHION; (1) SCULPT; (2) WELL; (3) CONSIDER; (4) DECIDE; (5) POSSIBLE; (6) DAY; (7) RESIDE; (8) SEE; (9) RESPONSIBLE; (10) BENEFIT. Modern art has become rather (0)..fashionable..in the North- East of England, and large metallic (1)….are now fairly commonplace in the region. The (2)…known of these is the 200-ton steel figure, Angel of the North, erected in Gateshead at the (3)….cost of 800,000 pounds. Many local people were horrified at the (4)…to spend such a large sum on a 65- foot metal structure. Nevertheless, the Angel is (5)…one of the most frequently viewd artworks in the world, seen (6)….by almost 100,000 passing motorists. A number of (7)….in Hartlepool were similarly upset when they were greeted one day by the (8)…of 15 giant, metal balls on a traffic roudabout in the town centre. They described the payment of 70,000 pounds for the spheres as (9)…and felt the money could have been spent on something more directly (10)….to the local population.

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FOLLOW UP Who, Whom, Whose - Gap-fill Exercise Choose the correct answer for each gap below.

3. I don't know how you convince your children to clean up their rooms. I couldn't ........................ my children to clean up their rooms if my life depended on it. 4. Professor Yu ....................... each of her students write an essay describing their future goals in life. 5. Professor Yu .................................. her students use a dictionary while they were taking the test. 6. Debbie's husband hates the opera. But after days of nagging, she finally ..................... him to go see the new production of La Boheme. 7. Sally ................... me take off my shoes before I went into her house. She said she wanted to keep the carpet clean. 8. Rebecca Smith requested a copy of that expense report, so I ............... the courier take one over to her last week. 9. Diane thinks television is a waste of time, so she won't ...................... her children watch TV. 10. Mr. Levine .................... his secretary call Ms. Jackson and reconfirm their meeting on Thursday. 11. Marcus ........................ me drive his new BMW. I couldn't believe how quickly it picked up speed. 12. How did you ...................... the doctor to make a house call? I haven't heard of a doctor actually going to a patient's house in years. 13. My boss .................... me get him coffee, pick up his dry cleaning and buy presents for his wife. He can't do anything by himself! 14. Tommy didn't want to go to his cousin's birthday party, but his mom ............................ him go. 15. I can't believe the zoo keeper ................... you feed the snake. That was so cool! 16. The contract was very detailed, and it was essential that the wording be absolutely correct. Therefore, I ........................ the translator recheck his work several times to make sure there would be no misunderstandings. 17. Cheryl didn't want to wash her car, so with a little smooth talk she ................... her boyfriend to wash it for her. 18. If you ask me nicely, I'll ....................... you lick the bowl after I make the cookies. 19. Dr. Jackson ........................ the nurse monitor the patient's condition overnight. 20. The news coverage of the recent tornado was

1. ...................... wrote this book? 2. ...................... are you going to recommend? 3. .......................... dictionary is on the table? 4. It doesn't look like this is the right address. ...................... did you ask for directions? 5. We have two extra tickets for the concert. ......................... wants to go with us? 6. It wasn't me! I have no idea ........................ left the oven on. 7. ......................... car is parked in the handicapped parking space? If someone doesn't move it, it's going to be towed. 8. The police have called in an expert to identify .................... handwriting is actually on the ransom letter. 9. Do you remember ................... received the Academy Award for best actress that year? Was it Nicole Kidman? 10. Melanie couldn't remember the name of the student ......................... science project received the $100,000 prize. 11. I know exactly .......................... I'm going to support in the upcoming election. 12. That's the professor ........................... spent 10 years living with the Pygmies in Central Africa. 13. She's the actress ......................... he so vividly describes in his scandalous new book. 14. Can you please tell me the names of the people ...................... helped organize the AIDS charity event? 15. The national park is being renamed in honor of Dian Fossey, ................... scientific research and environmental efforts helped save the last remaining mountain gorillas. Let / Make / Have / Get - Gap-fill Exercise Complete the sentences below using the correct form of the verbs "let," "make," "have," and "get," . 1. Sam really wanted a dog, but his parents wouldn't ...................... him have a pet. 2. I can't believe she ..................... you look at her vacation pictures again last night. We have to look at those stupid pictures every time we go to her house. 180

incredibly moving. The interview with the little boy

who lost his family in the tragedy ..................... everyone cry.

Verbs and Prepositions - Gap-fill exercise 1. She accused me ................. telling lies. 2. You can always borrow a dictionary ...................... the library. 3. Do you believe .................... ghosts? 4. The history teacher asked us to comment ..................... the events taking place in Afghanistan. 5. I am accustomed .................. having a lot of money. 6. When the guests arrived .................... my house they gave me a bottle of wine. 7. Some people stupidly believe that we are in school to prepare ....................... our future jobs. 8. The old woman suffered .................... lumbago. 9. Oh, you are so right! I agree ......................... you completely! 10. She is very dependable. I always know I can count .......................... her absolutely. 11. I want to congratulate you ...................... your success. 12. You won't always be able to rely ......................... your parents. 13. When you are a mountain guide, you sometimes have to wait a long time ..................... the tourists. 14. My banker told me not to draw all the money ........................... of my bank account. 15. I must insist ......................... your learning these verbs! 16. Are you accusing me ......................... being too strict? 17. How does the man account .................. having all that money in his pocket? 18. The workmen would like to speak ........................ the manager. 19. The visitors objected ....................... the horrible rooms. 20. I always try to agree .............. my twin sister, because it makes her angry if I don't. 21. I just couldn't agree .................... his plan, it was much too dangerous! 22. Young people today can communicate ............... each other using a lot of different machines. 23. It was your fault! Don't try to blame me ............................ the accident!! 24. The head teacher threatened me ................. expulsion if I didn't behave better. 25. Don't forget to thank your parents ................... putting up with you all these years!

QUANTIFIERS – COUNT & NON-COUNT NOUNS In the following sentences, fill in the gaps with one of the following quantifiers: much, many, lots of, a lot of, little, most, a little, little, a few, few: 1. It seems to me that we've had ................... assignments in English this term. 2. How ........................... material can we be expected to read in one week? 3. ........................... books are not in the library. 4. I've had ...................... headaches already because of stress. 5. ....................... depression can be attributed to being overworked. 6. Our yard looks awful this summer. There are too ........................... weeds. 7. I didn't use ............................... fertilizer last spring, and that has made a difference. 8. Also, I've paid .................................. attention to how ............................ rain we've had. 9. I'm afraid it's rained .......................... times this summer, and the grass is turning brown and dying. 10. ................................ experts say you should fertilize your lawn in the fall. 11. It didn't seem to do my lawn ................. good. 12. ........................ advice you get from experts doesn't seem to help. 13. ................................ of my neighbors ignore their grass, and they have better lawns this year. 14. They say .......................... knowledge is a bad thing. 15. I know ........................... instances where that proves true. 16. ............................ people know as much about computers as Tomas does. 17. But it does him ........................... good when the whole system goes down

INVERSION EXERCISES 181

Exercise 1 - Fill the gaps using the words in the box. has · before · than · audience · then · was started · will · can · did · so many · had 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Hardly ever … an athlete won so many medals in such a short time. Little … we realise what a social faux-pas we had committed. Scarcely … the match started when the trouble began. Only by standing on tip-toe … I able to see anything at all. Seldom can an … have heard a better interpretation of this symphony. Hardly had the controversial opera … when people began to walk out. Only if we leave now … we be in time to catch the train. Never have I seen … people turn out for this event. Rarely … a remark have been more ill-judged. Only … did it become clear what the extent of the damage was. Barely had we had time to pack up the picnic things … the heavens opened 12. No sooner had we asked for a quieter room, … we were given one. Exercise 2 - Fill the gaps using the words in the box. ? else · way · did · circumstances · nothing · such nor · until · would · account · only · even 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

At no time … he seem to realise what an idiot he was making of himself. At no time before have I heard … arrant nonsense. Nowhere … do they charge you so much for water On no … should you miss this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Under no … must this door be left unlocked. Not … she apologises for what she said will I speak to her again. Not … if they halved the price would I buy such a heap of old rubbish. Not for all the money in the world … I do what you're suggesting. Not … do I know you're wrong, but I can also prove you're wrong. Neither was the food up to standard … was the service particularly good. Everyone except me got soaked. Not for … do I always carry an umbrella. 12. No … am I going to jump into that icy cold water! Exercise 3 - Make inverted sentences from the sentences given, using the words in brackets (). 1.

You shouldn't tell him about my trip to China. (On no ...)

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

You are not going to get me to eat that! (No way ... !) I have seldom seen such a brilliant goal. (Seldom ...) Such a hurricane has rarely happened in Hereford. (Hardly ever ...) I wouldn't want to hurt your feelings for all the world. (Not ...) They were never aware of the danger that threatened them. (At no time ...) This must not leak out to the press. (Under ...) 182

8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

He wasn't rich and he wasn't handsome. (Neither ...) We haven't often witnessed such artistry. (Rarely ...) The bridge collapsed as soon as we managed to get across. (No sooner ...) We were only able to cross the border by offering him a bribe. (Only ...) Immediately he opened his mouth he started complaining about everything. (Barely ... before ...)

Exercise 4 - Complete the sentences below with the words in brackets in the correct tense and the right order. 1. Not until June 15 (we/can/accept)… applications for next year. 2. Never before that day (she/have/witnessed) … such violence. 3. Hardly (the match/have/start) … when the game was interrupted. 4. Not only (the girl/be/hungry) …, she was also very tired. 5. Little (I/do/imagine) … that it was the last time I would see him. 6. Only later ((he/do/understand) … why his wife was so upset. 7. (He/have/know) … it would take so long he would not have started. 8. No sooner (her name/be/announce) … than the crowd started to cheer. 9. At no time (the salesman/do/say) … that the price would increase. 10. In no way (he/can/be/hold) … responsible for the damage. Exercise 5 - Make a new sentence beginning with the word(s) in brackets 1. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed. (Hardly ...) 2. I have seldom heard such a talented singer. (Seldom ...) 3. If John had known that she liked curry, he would have brought her to an Indian restaurant. (Had ...) 4. The artist rarely paid attention to his agent's advice. (Rarely ...) 5. He had never felt so depressed. (Never ...) 6. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property. (In no way ...) 7. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. (No sooner ...) 8. Tom only realized the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face. (Only ...) 9. She never at any time said that she was allergic to cats. (Never ...) 10. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances. (Under ...)

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184

INVERSION ~ follow up ~ 1. Rephrase 1. I have never before been asked to accept a bribe. Never before 2. He had hardly left the house when the storm broke. Hardly 3. As soon as he had left the house the storm broke. No sooner 4. This switch must not be touched on any account. On no account 5. She rarely has any money to spare. Rarely 6. He hardly speaks to anyone. Hardly 7. The nation has seldom been faced with such difficulties. Seldom 8. They had hardly started playing tennis when it began to rain. Hardly 9. A father has seldom sacrificed so much for his child. Seldom 10. You may not return after midnight on any account. On no account 11. He would not give up writing his satires under any circumstances. Under no circumstances 12. He realized the danger he had been in only after he had read the newspaper the following morning. Only after 13. They were not able to assess the damage until the floods had subsided. Not until 14. He only stays in bed if he is seriously ill. Only if 15. We only then realized how much he had suffered. Only then 16. He was only able to do the exercise with a great deal of effort. Only 17. He didn’t manage to get permission until she had calmed down. Not until 18. No director has made such an intellectually challenging sci-fi movie since Kubrick’s2001. Not since 19. He became so suspicious that he didn’t even trust his family. So suspicious 20. He was so anxious to start a new life that he actually changed his name. So anxious 21. He could only make himself heard by shouting at the top of his voice. Only by 22. He laughed so much that tears rolled down his cheeks. So much 23. Her business was so successful that Marie was able to retire at the age of 50. 185

So successful 24. If you were less than delighted with our product, we will refund your money immediately. Were 25. If you were to accept our offer, we could avoid the costs of a court case. Were 26. If the builders were to finish their work to schedule, they would receive a bonus. Were 27. If the tickets should fail to arrive before the departure date, we would arrange to have duplicates waiting at the airport. Should 28. If the film had been released in the summer, it would not have been so successful. Had 29. He had no money and his sister didn’t have any either. He had no money, neither / nor 30. They have no intention of paying and we don’t either. They have no intention of paying and nor / neither 31. I couldn’t face my father and Jane couldn’t either. I couldn’t face my father and neither / nor 32. Tom came in. In 33. Two large dogs jumped up. Up 34. Half a dozen apples fell down. Down 35. The body of our late lamented sovereign lies here. Here 36. As soon as Springsteen had gone on stage, it started to rain. No sooner 37. We only very rarely go to the cinema these days. Only very rarely 38. I have never seen such a terrible performance of Hamlet before. Never before 39. Bags must not be left unattended at any time. At no time 40. The identity of the murderer is not revealed until the very last page. Not until 41. They only realized the painting had been hung upside down when someone complained at reception. Only when 42. He would never play in front of a live audience again Never again 43. She had hardly sat down to watch her favourite programme when the phone rang. Hardly 44. You will not be allowed to enter the auditorium under any circumstances once the play has started. Under 45. We not only went to the National Gallery, but we also saw a West End musical. Not 46. John had not enjoyed himself so much since he went to the theme park as a child. Not

2. Choose the most appropriate answer with inverted word order. 1. There

that he will agree to your plan. 186

A hope is little B is hope little C is little hope D little hope is 2. The view of the canyon was breathtaking. Never before such beauty. A had seen we B had we seen C we had seen D we hadn't seen 3. . See you tomorrow! A Comes here my bus B Here comes my bus D Here my bus comes E My bus comes here 4. We will probably go shopping in the afternoon. – . Why don't we go shopping together? A I will so B So I will C So will I D Will so I 5. the truth, he wouldn't have invited them. A Had known he B Had he known C He had known

D Known he had

6. She should have helped them. She wasn't busy at that time. – . Why didn't you help them? A Neither were you B Neither you were C Were you neither D You were neither 7. No sooner the receiver than the telephone began to ring again. A down had I put B down had put I C had I put down

D I had put down

8. Can you give me a pen, please? – Sure. . A Here is it B Here it is C Is it here D It is here 9. so busy, we would go there with you. A Were we not B Weren't we C We were not D We weren't 10. Not only my car poorly, but they also overcharged me. A did they repair B repair they did C they did repair

3. Arrange the following words. Mind the inversion rule! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

the they a when begun scored had game Hardly goal. have disappointing such a ending. read Never I had than cry. started she to film sooner began No the the change. left he atmosphere until Not did he understand parents. up did grew Only when he his Rarely such food. I tasted delicious have than to sooner had left began we it No rain. police her. he calling Only contacted stop did when she the

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D they didn't repair