• Author / Uploaded
• Abhijeet Patil

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Construction Equipments

Prepared by Ajay Bhadupota & Ravinder Kumar

Commercial Transportation Group

CE (Large)

Infra Commercial Equipment (CE)

Commercial Transportation Group

Commercial Equipment Retail Loan (CERL)

Heavy Commercial Vehicle Commercial Vehicle (CV)

Light Commercial Vehicle Ultra light Commercial Vehicle

Commercial Equipments could be defined as mobile, semi permanent or permanent machines, intended for heavy work such as earth moving lifting containers or materials, drilling holes in earth or rock, or concrete or paving applications.

Classification of Construction Equipments

Earth Moving Equipments

Road Construction Equipments

Concrete Equipments

Material Handling Equipments

Other Equipments

Infra Products / Commercial Equipment Products

Earth Moving

Road Construction

Concrete Equipments

Material Handling

Others

 Backhoe Loaders  Excavators  Wheel Loaders  Rock Breakers  Bull Dozers

 Compactors  Road Rollers  Paver  Motor Graders  Hot Mix plant

 Dumpers  RMC  Transit Mixers  Concrete Pump  Crushing Plants

 Cranes  Forklift  Reach Stackers

 Compressor  Drills  Piling Rigs  DG Sets

Earth Moving Equipments

Backhoe Loader This is a heavy equipment vehicle that consist of a tractor like unit fitted with a loader style bucket on the front and a back hoe on the back.

Applications :  It is used to dig up hard compact material, usually earth.  Used to lift heavy loads.  It can be efficiently used to dress or trim the surface avoiding the use of manual effort for dressing the excavated the surface.  Used to clean up construction areas, to dig holes in the ground, to smooth uneven ground, to make trenches, ditches and to help remove deep roots from trees.  Backhoe loaders are very common in urban engineering and small construction projects such as building a small house or fixing urban roads etc.

Excavators Excavators (hydraulic) are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house". The house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels. They are a natural progression from the steam shovels and often mistakenly called power shovels.

Applications :  Digging of trenches, holes, foundations  Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments  Forestry work and River dredging  Construction and demolition with hydraulic claw, cutter and breaker attachments  General grading/landscaping  Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining  Driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver  Drilling shafts for footings and rock blasting, by use of an auger or hydraulic drill attachment

Type of Excavators

Compact Excavator

Crawler Excavator

Long Reach Excavator

Suction Excavator

A compact or mini excavator is a tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight from 0.7 to 8.5 ton. It generally includes a standard backfill blade and features independent boom swing.

This is one of the most well known type of excavator in world, They are build to release heavy work such as mining. They are usually very big and come with high HP.

It is an excavator with a long arm. The length of arm is suited for destruction activities. It is able to reach the top of buildings and crumple the structures.

A suction excavator or vacuum excavator is a construction vehicle that removes materials from a hole on land, or removes heavy debris on land through its suction pipe.

Backhoe Loader

Manufacturers

Excavator

 BEML  JCB  Caterpillar Inc  Hitachi  Mahindra  Komatsu  Volvo  Liugong  Terex  Escorts Group

 Tata Hitachi  Kobe co.  Komatsu India  Volvo  Caterpillar  Liugong L&T  BEML  Terex  XCMG  Mahindra  JCB  Kobelco

Wheel Loader A loader is a heavy equipment machine used in construction to move aside or load materials such as asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, woodchips, etc. into or onto another type of machinery. A loader is versatile Mobile shovels that transfer material from stock pile to trucks or transport material around job sites. A loader is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that has a front mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground. A loader is commonly used to move a stockpiled material from ground level and deposit it into an awaiting dump truck or into an open trench excavation.

Rock Breakers A rock breaker is a machine designed to manipulate large rocks, including reducing large rocks into smaller rocks. They are typically used in the mining industry to remove oversize rocks that are too large or too hard to be reduced in size by a crusher. Rock breakers consist of two major components, a hydraulic hammer (used to break rocks) and a boom (the arm). There are two major types of rock breakers, mobile and stationary - typically placed on a pedestal or slew frame.

Wheel Loader

Manufacturers

Rock Breaker

 Catter piller  JCB  Telccon  Lirgong  Tata Hitachi  Komatsu  Volvo L&T  BEML  Terex  Eimco

 Hyundai  Cat  Doosan  Escorts  JCB  Kobelco  Komatsu  Tata Hitachi  Terex  Volvo  Case

Bulldozers A bulldozer is a crawler equipped with a substantial metal plate used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or other such material during construction or conversion work and typically equipped at the rear with a clawlike device to loosen densely compacted materials.

Applications :

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For spreading the earth fill For opening up pilot roads through mountainous and rocky terrains Clearing Construction sites Maintaining haul roads Clear land from trees and stumps

Road Construction Equipments

Motor Grader A grader, also known as a motor grader or a road grader, It is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface during the grading process. Standard motor grader models have 3 axles, with the engine and cab settled above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in between. That blade is most commonly used for cutting, spreading and leveling of material. Motor graders are classified on the basis of frame structure. Depending on frame arrangement motor grader is classified as: 1.Rigid frame motor grader Rigid Frame Motors has only one Axle. Axle is unable to turn left or right about a point.

2.Articulated frame motor grader

Articulated frame motor grader Rigid frame motor grader has only one axle. Axle is unable to turn left or right about a point Manufacturers of Graders • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Case Corporation Caterpillar Inc. Deere & Company Galion Iron Works HEPCO Komatsu Limited LiuGong Construction Machinery, LLC. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries New Holland Machine Company Sany Sinomach Terex Corporation Volvo Mahindra & Mahindra

USES OF MOTOR GRADER | FUNCTIONS Now a day’s grader is used for; • Moving of earth from one location to another. • Leveling of soil so that next bitumen layer spread uniformly throughout the surface. • Scarifying. Scarifying is the removal of complete layer of soil and then spreading of a new layer at that particular location. • Mixing of two materials. • Spreading of soil, aggregates etc… • Trenching • Land grading. It is the process in which a certain slope is achieved with the help of motor grader. • Ditching • And for cutting of bank canals. • Motor grader is also used as snow removing machine. Because of speed and normal wheel instead of crawler wheel. This makes motor grader as most suitable machine for this type of operations in areas where snow rate is above the normal conditions

Heavy Soil Compaction Equipments: 1.Smooth Wheeled Rollers: • Smooth wheeled rollers are of two types  Static smooth wheel rollers.  Vibrating smooth wheeled rollers The most suitable soils for these roller type are well graded sand, gravel, crushed rock, asphalt etc. where crushing is required. These are used on soils which does not require great pressure for compaction. These rollers are generally used for finishing the upper surface of the soil. These roller are not used for compaction of uniform sands.

A)Static Smooth Wheel Rollers

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The performance of smooth wheeled rollers depend on load per cm width it transfers to the soil and diameter of the drum. The load per cm width is derived from the gross weight of the drum. The smooth wheeled rollers consists of one large steel drum in front and two steel drums on the rear. The gross weight of these rollers is in the range of 8-10 tonnes (18000 to 22000 lbs). The other type of smooth wheel roller is called Tandem Roller, which weighs between 6-8 tonne (13000 to 18000 lbs). The performance of these rollers can be increased by increasing the increasing the weight of the drum by ballasting the inside of drums with wet sand or water. Steel sections can also be used to increase the load of the drum by mounting on the steel frame attached with axle.

B) Vibrating Smooth Wheeled Rollers

In case of vibrating smooth wheeled rollers, the drums are made to vibrate by employing rotating or reciprocating mass. These rollers are helpful from several considerations like:(i) Higher compaction level can be achieved with maximum work (ii) Compaction can be done up to greater depths (iii) Output is many times more than conventional rollers Although these rollers are expensive but in the long term the cost becomes economical due to their higher outputs and improved performance. The latest work specifications for excavation recommends the use of vibratory rollers due to their advantage over static smooth wheeled rollers.

2. Sheepsfoot Roller

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Sheepsfoot rollers are used for compacting fine grained soils such as heavy clays and silty clays. Sheepsfoot rollers are used for compaction of soils in dams, embankments, subgrade layers in pavements and rail road construction projects. Sheepsfoot rollers are of static and vibratory types. Vibratory types rollers are used for compaction of all fine grained soils and also soil with sand-gravel mixes. Generally this roller is used for compaction of subgrade layers in road and rail projects. As seen in picture above, sheepsfoot rollers consist of steel drums on which projecting lugs are fixed and can apply a pressure upto 14kg/sq cm or more. Different types of lugs are namely spindle shaped with widened base, prismatic and clubfoot type. The weight of drums can be increased as in the case of smooth wheeled rollers by ballasting with water, wet sand or by mounting steel sections. The efficiency of sheepsfoot rollers compaction can be achieved when lugs are gradual walkout of the roller lugs with successive coverage. The efficiency is affected by the pressure on the foot and coverage of ground obtained per pass. For required pressure and coverage of ground, the parameters such as gross weight of the roller, the area of each foot, the number of lugs in contact with the ground at any time and total number of feet per drum are considered. The compaction of soil is mainly due to foots penetrating and exerting pressure on the soil. The pressure is maximum when a foot is vertical.

3. Pneumatic Tyred Rollers:

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Pneumatic tyred rollers are also called as rubber tyred rollers. These rollers are used for compaction of coarse grained soils with some fines. These rollers are least suitable for uniform coarse soils and rocks. Generally pneumatic tyred rollers are used in pavement subgrade works both earthwork and bituminous works. Pneumatic rollers have wheels on both axles. These wheels are staggered for compaction of soil layers with uniform pressure throughout the width of the roller. The factors which affects the degree of compaction are tyre inflation pressure and the area of the contact. The latest rollers have an arrangement to inflate the tyre to the desired pressure automatically. The total weight of the roller can be increased from 11.0 tonne to 25.0 tonne or more by ballasting with steel sections or other means

4. Grid Rollers:

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Grid rollers are used for compaction of weathered rocks, well graded coarse soils. These rollers are not suitable for clayey soils, silty clays and uniform soils. The main use of these rollers are in subgrade and sub-base in road constructions As the name suggests, these rollers have a cylindrical heavy steel surface consisting of a network of steel bars forming a grid with squire holes. The weight of this roller can be increased by ballasting with concrete blocks. Typical weights vary between 5.5 tonnes net and 15 tonnes ballasted. Grid rollers provide high contact pressure but little kneading action and are suitable for compacting most coarse grained soils.

5.Pad Foot / Tamping Rollers:

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These rollers are similar to sheepsfoot rollers with lugs of larger area than sheepsfoot rollers. The static pad foot rollers also called tamping rollers have static weights in the range of 15 to 40 tonnes and their static linear drum loads are between 30 and 80 kg/cm. These rollers are more preferable than sheepsfoot roller due to their high production capacity, and they are replacing sheepsfoot rollers. The degree of compaction achieved is more than sheepsfoot rollers. The density of soil achieved after compaction with this roller is more uniform. These rollers operate at high speeds, and are capable to breaking large lumps. These rollers also consists of leveling blades to spread the material. Pad foot or tamping rollers are best suitable for compacting cohesive soils.

Pavers

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A Paver ( paver finisher, asphalt finisher, paving machine ) is a piece of construction equipment used to lay asphalt on roads, bridges , parking lots and other such places. It lays the asphalt flat and provides minor compactions before it is compacted by rollers.

Applications :• Used in paving Asphalt on roads and bridges. • It provides major compaction before it compacted by rollers. • It is used for construction if roads, bridges and parking lots. • Some of the paver models are also used for compaction like rollers. • Paving machines are used to pave roadways, walkways, or parking areas. This product area includes all types of construction equipment for preparing, refurbishing, or laying asphalt.

Types of Pavers There are three major types of paving equipment: • • •

Track asphalt pavers Wheel asphalt pavers Screeds

Track Asphalt pavers Track pavers have steel tracks and offer superior traction. They carry specifications such as flywheel power, operating weight, and paving width. Wheel Asphalt pavers Wheel pavers, or tired pavers, have wheeled undercarriages for superior mobility. Product specifications include gross power, engine model, and paving width. Screeds Screeds are paving machines that use electrically-heated screed plates and variablewidth adjustments to minimize handwork. Maximum paving width, minimum paving width, and standard paving width are parameters to consider when specifying these paving machines.

Paving machines include: Asphalt milling machines Asphalt recyclers Asphalt brooms Types of paving machines include asphalt compactors, chip spreaders, backhoes, motor graders, maintainers, rollers, road reclaimers, cold planers, water tanks, and seal coaters. ... There are three major types of paving equipment: track asphalt pavers. wheel asphalt pavers. screeds. A paver (paver finisher, asphalt finisher, paving machine) is a piece of construction equipment used to lay asphalt on roads, bridges, parking lots and other such places. It lays the asphalt flat and provides minor compaction before it is compacted by a roller. Sensor Paver Finishers This type of paver finisher has Hydrostatic Transmission and Sensor device to automatically control different operations of the paver. It is also known as Hydrostatic Paver Finisher. Sensor pavers are available in two variants, wheel mounted and crawler/track mounted. Wheel mounted sensor pavers are easy to shift and that is why they are more famous among Indian Road Contractors compare to crawler mounted pavers..

Manufacturer of Pavers • • • • • • • • • •

JCB Wirtgen Caterpillar Hem Apollo Volvo Apollo Infratech KYB Conmat Ammann Apollo Bitelli Dynamic

Concrete Equipments

Dumpers / Tippers A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material, often on building sites. Dumpers are distinguished from dump trucks by configuration: a dumper is usually an open 4-wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the driver, while a dump truck has its cab in front of the load. The skip can tip to dump the load; this is where the name "dumper" comes from. They are normally diesel powered. A towing eye is fitted for secondary use as a site tractor.

 A dump truck, known also as a dumper truck or tipper truck, is used for taking dumps (such as sand, gravel, or demolition waste) for construction.  A typical dump truck is equipped with an open-box bed, which is hinged at the rear and equipped with hydraulic rams to lift the front, allowing the material in the bed to be deposited ("dumped") on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery.

Application of Dumpers/ Tippers Mainly used on the construction site, dumper trucks are used for the transportation of various loose materials such as sand, earth and gravel. Dumpers are used mostly in following industries ::  Construction  Infrastructure (Roads, Bridge, Tunnels, Dams, Airport)  Mining

Difference between Dump Trucks and Tipper : Dump trucks usually have a larger steel cargo box that primarily hauls road construction or maintenance material. These trucks might also be called "tipper trucks" by some. But dump trucks typically are classified as those that are primarily suitable for very heavy duty use often in construction duty. However, tipper trucks may also include smaller light duty vehicles like a standard pickup with an aftermarket cargo box that tilts to unload various material.

Types of Dumpers

Side Dump Trucks

It has hydraulic rams which tilt the dump body onto its side, spilling the material to either the left or right side of the trailer. The key advantages of the side dump are that it allows rapid unloading

Bottom Dump Trucks

These are similar to Semi Trailers in which their front is supported on the rear of hauling tractor and their rear is resting on their own wheels. These are suitable for use in hauling free flowing materials such as sand.

Concrete Pumps/ Boom Placers This is machine used for transferring liquid concrete by Pumping.

Boom Concrete Pump

 This type of pump is attached to a truck.  It uses a remote controlled articulating robotics arm (called to boom) to place concrete accurately.  Boom Pumps are used on most of the larger construction projects as they are capable of pumping at very high volumes and because of labor saving nature of placing boom.

Trailer Mounted Concrete Pump

 This type of pump is Mounted on a truck / trailer.  This pump requires steel or flexible concrete placing hoses to be manually attached to outlet of machine.  Line pumps normally pump concrete at lower volume than boom pumps and are used for smaller volumes.

Transit Mixers / Concrete Mixer  This is transportation vehicle that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete.  They are mainly used in transporting concrete from batching plants.  They can be charged with dry materials and water, with mixing occurring during transport.  This truck maintains material’s liquid state through agitation, or turning of drum until delivery.

Self Loading Transit Mixer

This is the transit mixer which can do loading of cement and other raw material itself. All self loading transit mixers are included in registered category.

Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) RMC is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according to a set engineered mix design. RMC is normally delivered in two ways. First is the barrel truck or in–transit mixers. This type of truck delivers concrete in a plastic state to the site. Second is the volumetric concrete mixer. This delivers the ready mix in a dry state and then mixes the concrete on site.

Manufacturer :: Asphalt Plant Manufacturers RDC Concrete India Pvt Ltd. Apollo Infratech Pvt Ltd. ACC Concrete RMC Ready Mix India Pvt Ltd.

Crushing Plant A Crushing plant is one-stop crushing installation, which can be used for rock crushing, garbage crushing, building materials crushing and other similar operations. Crushing plants may be either fixed or mobile. A crushing plant has different stations (primary, secondary, tertiary, ...) where different crushing, selection and transport cycles are done in order to obtain different stone sizes.

Crushing plants make use of a large range of equipment, such as a pre-screener, loading conveyor, intake hopper, magnetic separator, crushing unit, such as jaw crushers and cone crusher etc.

Crushing Units 1. Jaw Crusher  It is one of the primary Crushers.  It operates by allowing stone to flow into the space between two jaws, one of which is stationary and other is movable, which together constitutes crushing surfaces.  The distance between two jaws decreases as the stone travels downwards under the effect of gravity and ultimately passes through the lower opening.  The movable jaw is capable of exerting a pressure sufficiently high to crush hardest rock.  The movable jaw is suspended from a shaft mounted on bearings on the crusher frame.  The jaw plates are made of manganese steel which can be removed, replaced or reversed.

2. Gyratory Crusher  This type of crusher comprises a hardened steel head , has a long conical shape, with a trough shaft suspended in a bearing at the top, and an eccentric base connection connected at gears.  Thus as the cone is rotated, the gap between itself and the walling changes from maximum to minimum for each cycle.  The rock is feed into the chamber at the top and as it moved downwards, crushing is done and finally emerges through the bottom gap.

3. Cone Crusher  Cone Crusher are used as a secondary or tertiary crusher.

 These crusher are capable of producing large quantities of uniformly fine crushed stone.  It has a shorter cone with smaller inlet and outlet opening as compared to gyratory crusher.

4. Roll Crusher  Roll Crusher are also one of the secondary crusher.  This Crusher consist of a heavy cast iron frame equipped with two counter rotating rollers mounted on a separate horizontal shaft.  The crushed rock from the primary crusher is feed through the gap between two rollers for crushing further.  The crusher is compact, light weight and low in cost.

5. Rod mill and Ball mill  A rod mill consists of a circular steel shell.  Interior of the shell is lined on the inside with a hard material wearing surface.  The shell contains number of steel rods.  Crushed stone is feed through the inlet and fine aggregate of the size of sand is discharged at other end.  If the rods are replaced by steel balls to provide the impact required to grind the stones, the crusher are known as ball mill crusher.

Process of crushing plant ::  Raw materials are evenly and gradually conveyed into jaw stone crushing equipment for primary crushing via the hopper of vibrating feeder.  The crushed stone materials are conveyed to crushing plant by belt conveyor for secondary crushing before they are sent to vibrating screen to be separated.  After separating, qualified materials will be taken away as final products, while unqualified materials will be carried back to the stone crushing equipment for recrushing. And customers can classify final products according to different size ranges. All the final products are up to the related standards within and beyond India. Of course, according to different requirements, customers can adjust the size of their final products from this stone crushing plant.

 Clients will get the satisfactory products after objects being crushed for several times. Dust is generated during the working process while the dust control units are needed.

Manufacturers :: Terex, Puzzolona, Metso, Nava, Sandvik, BEML, Propel, Wirtgen,

Material Handling Equipments

Cranes  A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places.  The device uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human.  Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials, and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.

Pick N Carry

Overhead Crane Applications :: Carry Deck Crane Type of Cranes

 Cranes are used to excavate soft earth from below ground and to deposit or to load in wagons.

 Used for Pulling and lifting weight Carry Deck Crane

Floating Crane

Tower Crane

 Used for loading and unloading  Used in construction of residential properties, big buildings.

Pick N Carry

A Pick and carry crane is designed to travel on public roads, however it does not have stabilizer legs or outriggers and are designed to lift load and carry it to its destination with in a small radius, then be able to drive to the next job. Many Steel fabrication yards also use pick and carry cranes as than can walk with fabricated steel sections and place these where required with relative ease. These are registered asset.

Overhead Crane An Overhead crane is a type of crane where the hook and line mechanism runs along a horizontal beam that itself runs along two widely separated rails. Often it is in a long factory building and runs along rails along the building’s two long walls. It is similar to a gantry crane. Overhead Cranes consist of either a single beam or a double beam construction. These can be built using typical steel beams or a more complex box girder type. This is used mostly in steel industry. This is non Registered asset.

Carry Deck Crane A Carry deck crane is a small 4 wheel crane with a 360 degree rotating boom placed right in the centre and an operators cab located at one end under this boom. The rear section houses the engine and the area above the wheels is a flat deck. This is included in registered category.

Floating Crane These are used mainly in bridge building and port construction, but they are also used for occasional loading and unloading of especially heavy or awkward loads on and off ships. This non registered asset.

Tower Crane Tower cranes are a modern form of balance crane that consist of the same basic parts fixed to the ground on a concrete slab (sometimes attached to the sides of structures) tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in construction of Tall buildings. (Non Registered)

Forklift A Forklift (also called a lift truck, a fork truck or a forklift truck) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials in short distances. Fork lift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical warehouse setting most forklifts have load capacities between one and five tons. Larger machines up to 50 Tons lift capacity, are used for lifting heavier loads, including loaded shipping containers. All Forklifts are included in registered category. Manufacturer :: Toyota, Godrej, TIL, Voltas, ACE, Kion, Manitowoc

Reach Stackers A Reach Stacker is a vehicle used for handling intermodal cargo containers in small terminals or medium sized ports. Reach stackers are able to transport a container to short distances very quickly and pile them in various rows depending on its access. This is a registered asset. Manufacturer :: Indital, Cargotec, TIL, Kone cranes