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C8_02_CMG_GEM_PT

10/6/05

3:37 PM

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Dynamic Reservoir Modelling www.cmgl.ca

Generalized Equation of State Model Reservoir Simulator

GEM is a full Equation of State compositional reservoir simulator with advanced features for modelling recovery processes where the fluid composition affects recovery. GEM also models Asphaltenes, Coal Bed Methane and the Geochemistry for the sequestration of various gases including Acid Gases and CO2. GEM provides reservoir simulation capabilities that go beyond the abilities of conventional black oil and K-value compositional simulators, including the effects of asphaltene precipitation and plugging. It is also the industry’s leading Coal Bed Methane (CBM) simulator, as it can provide accurate early time water and methane production predictions, as well as multi-component production predictions for Enhanced CBM (ECBM) recovery. The ECBM features include extended Langmuir Isotherms to model the preferential adsorption of CO2 and other gases and models for coal shrinkage and swelling. The extensive capabilities for representing asphaltene behavior and geochemical effects make GEM the most robust compositional simulator available today. The following is a general list of applications of GEM: Hydrocarbon and Acid Gas Injection

Primary & Enhanced Coal Bed Methane

• Multiple contact miscibility

• Primary Depletion

• Swelling

• Coal Shrinkage and Swelling

• Viscosity reduction

• Flue Gas, CO2 and N2 Injection for enhanced CBM recovery

• Lowering of interfacial tension • Gas solubility in the aqueous phase • WAG process

Green House Gas Sequestration

• Relative permeability hysteresis • VAPEX processes for heavy oil

• CO2 and other acid gas storage • Aqueous equilibrium chemical reactions

• Molecular diffusion and convective dispersion

• Mineral dissolution and precipitation

• Asphaltene precipitation, flocculation, deposition and plugging

Thermal Effects • Joule-Thompson near wellbore cooling

Gas, Gas Condensate and Volatile Oil

• Deferential temperature water injection

• Gas Cycling and Re-cycling • Condensate blocking

Fractured Reservoirs

• Underground Gas Storage

• Naturally Fractured Reservoirs • Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs • Fractured Gas Condensed Wells • Gas-Oil Gravity Drainage

GEM

GEM

C8_02_CMG_GEM_PT

10/6/05

2:45 PM

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Advanced Features of GEM include: Phase Equilibrium Models • Equation of state for oil and gas • Henry’s law for gas solubility in the aqueous phase • Solid model for asphaltene • Activity coefficient model for ions in the aqueous phase

• Water vaporization into the gas phase

Modelling of CO2 and Other Acid Gases • Comprehensive modelling of gas solubility in the

Performance Enhancing Features • DynaGrid (Dynamic Gridding) – fully dynamic grid refinement and amalgamation. This unique feature places small grid blocks in the model where and when required and large blocks throughout the remainder of the model. Typical model run time decreases range from 2 to 5 times. • Parrallel Processing – multi-CPU parrallel processing is supported providing significant decreases in model run times. CMG’s unique parallellization method enables ANY model to be parallellized regardless of the complexity of the grid or the location of wells. • ParaDyne – this powerful combination of parallel processing and dynamic gridding multiplies the run time reduction factors from both options, resulting in reductions of 3 to 30 times depending on model parameters and number of CPU’s utilized.

aqueous phase

• Comprehensive geochemistry: intra aqueous reactions, and mineral dissolution and precipitation

CBM & ECBM Modelling • Standard and Extended multi-component Langmuir Isotherms

CMG’s Suite of Integrated Modelling Tools

TECHNOLOGY LAUNCHER

Advanced Gridding Options • Fundamental Grid options: Cartesian, Corner-Point, Cylindrical, & fully unstructured

BUILDER

• Multi-Level, Static or Recurrent Local Grid Refinement (LGR)

Pre-Processing Applications

• Dynamic Gridding (DynaGrid) – fully dynamic grid refinement and amalgamation

• Palmer-Mansoori Shrinkage/Swelling (standard & multi-component)

Comprehensive Well Management

IMEX IMplicit-EXplicit Black Oil Simulator

• Full featured production and injection well controls

Asphaltene Modelling

• Field, group, platform, and well level controls

• Thermodynamic model for asphaltene precipitation

• Targets, constraints, and monitoring

• Reaction kinetics for asphaltene flocculation

• Well and group hierarchies

• Surface deposition, plugging and re-entrainment

• Voidage replacement

STARS Steam, Thermal and Advanced process ReservoirSimulator

• Gas lift optimization

Separators • EOS modelling for surface separators with gas plant separator stages

Well, Well Group & Surface Manifold Modelling

• Optimize separator conditions for best overall recovery

• Wellbore hydraulics via hydraulics tables or correlations

Naturally and Hydraulically Fractured Reservoir Modelling

Multiple Platform Support, Windows, Linux, UNIX

• • • • • • •

Dual porosity Dual permeability Sub-domain dual permeability Matrix-fracture diffusion Multi-phase non-Darcy flow Rate dependant relative permeability Integrated to Pinnacle Technologies, Inc.’s FracProPT fracture design software • Integrated to Fracture Technologies Ltd’s WellWhiz well, completion and fracture design software

• Fully Coupled Wellbore modelling via source/sink well model, GEM Compositional Simulator

• Multi-Lateral Wells

GEM supports the following Operating Systems Windows XP (32 bit and x64) Linux: Red Hat 7.3 (32 bit) and Red Hat Enterprise 3.0 (64 bit) IBM AIX 5L (5.1 & higher)

WINPROP Phase Behavior Analysis

RESULTS Post-Processing Applications

For more information or to arrange a demonstration of GEM’s capabilities in your office, contact any of the CMG Marketing and Sales offices worldwide: Head Office: (Calgary, Canada) 1-403-531-1300 Fax: 1-403-289-8502 Email: [email protected]

Dynamic Reservoir Modelling www.cmgl.ca

Beijing, China 86-10-6209-8540

Caracas, Venezuela 58-212-993-3990

Houston, U.S.A. 1-281-872-8500

London, U.K. 44-1491-832-447