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BOOKLET # 7 UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE BABAHOYO

VERSIÓN 2021

PREFACE This booklet is born with the aim that students that have passed the six levels can see different topics in this last level for a preparation of an exam, but this time is focused and linked with Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) that will enable you to unleash the potential of having a good English. Plus, you will have the directions and guide of teachers that have surpassed this level. This booklet is dedicated to the Precious Holy Spirit in which he gave me the idea of presenting this material in benefit to all the students of the Technical University of Babahoyo, especially to those who belong to CENID’S community.

CONTENT UNIT 1 Pages

Lesson

Lesson A: “If I were a superhero”

2-14

Lesson B: “My duty is done”

R/W/S/L -Video:The man who invented Spiderman. - Writing: Imagine that you were a superhero - Speaking: Discussion about superheroes for specific purposes. - Listening: What makes a superhero? From Mathew Winkler. - Video: Conversation using passive voice. - Writing: Describing your job experience. -Speaking: Discussion about situations in a particular time.

-Listening: “What really happens to the plastic you throw away” - Video: Second conditional Lesson C: conversation “Exercises to -Writing: 4th tech revolution. Practice” -Speaking: Reactivation of 3 worldly sectors. -Listening: PET questions

Grammar

Vocabulary

-Second conditional -Matching words with definitions exercises

Passive voice exercises

Matching words with definitions

- Second conditional vs. Passive voice (exercises)

- Matching words with definitions

UNIT 2 Pages

Lesson

Lesson A: “Social Media “

15-33

Lesson B: “Food – Salad or Soup”

R/W/S/L

Grammar

- A video about changing from WhatsApp to another OTT application. - Writing: Would you rather cook your food or buy it in a - Would rather restaurant? exercises -Speaking: Discussion of different questions using would rather (3) -Listening: Teacher giving students advice for exams (new exercise). -Reading: Match the headlines with the descriptions. -Writing: activities during -Would prefer the day exercises -Speaking: Discussion topic with would prefer.

Vocabulary

Matching words with definitions.

-Activities using would prefer.

-Listening: Preferences.

-Reading. Describe the pictures.

- Wr i t i n g: Result Lesson C: “People” 

of an interview. - Speaking: Description using infinitives and gerunds

- Infinitives & Gerunds’ exercises

-Matching adjectives with definitions.

- Listening: Fill in the gaps

Pages

Lesson

UNIT 3 R/W/S/L - Reading: Peace Corps

-Writing: Write a rap using Lesson A: prefixes. “PrefixesSections” - S p e a k i n g : a b o u t questions using past perfect

34-56

Grammar

-Prefixes exercises

Discussion about a professional person you know by using prefixes -Listening: Conversation with prefixes. - Reading about Jacob The Great. Lesson B: - Writing: Essay - Type of “Different about computers. prefixes type of (exercises) prefixes” - Speaking: Discussion about attractive & unattractive places - Reading: If statues could talk. - Writing: Cities are getting bigger and Lesson C: -Suffixes more crowded. exercises “Suffixes” - Speaking:

Types of pollution. Write an essay by using suffixes -Listening: Audio with suffixes

Vocabulary

-Matching words with definitions

-Matching the words with definitions

- Selecting the best choice with fill in the gaps.

Pages

Lesson

Lesson A: “What had you done”

57-74

UNIT 4 R/W/L/S -Reading about what they had done? -Writing about a love story. -Speaking: Discussion about some questions by using the past perfect.

Grammar

- Past perfect exercises

-Matching the phrases with correct definitions.

- Simple Past exercises

-Matching words with definitions.

Listening: Complete each sentence or question.

-Video about a party. - Writing about activities Lesson B: you liked to do when you What did were a kid. you do -Speaking: Discussion on yesterday? how the pandemic has changed our perception of time. -Listening: recording and selecting the best choice. -Reading about last summer holiday. - Writing about places or Lesson C: cities you had visited in “Vacations the past but didn’t find interesting anymore. ” - Speaking: Personal opinion about the social movement “Black Lives Matter” -Listening: Where did the moon come from?

Vocabulary

-Past perfect vs. Simple Past (exercises)

-Phrasal verbs with the verb work

UNIT 5 Pages Lesson Langua ge - A video about the discovery of America. Lesson A: “ - Writing about a prompt My using third conditional. experiences -Speaking: If you had ” born with a motor disability, how would your life have been different? -Listening: Conversation by filling the gaps. -A reading about “The If Generation” - Writing prompt: If you Lesson B: had been a famous “A new actor/actress, how would generation” your friends have behaved with you? -Speaking: What would 75-94 have been different about the economic situation in Ecuador if national currency had never changed to dollar? -Listening. Fill in the blanks with the correct words. - A video about the history of ancient India Lesson C: - Writing of what “Ancient subjects, you studied as civilizations teenager in the high ” school. -Speaking: programs you used to watch when you were a child, but not anymore. -Listening: Audio about animals.

Grammar

Vocabulary

- Third conditional exercises

-Matching words with definitions

- Third Conditional Part 2 exercises

-Matching words with the meanings.

- Used to exercises

-Selecting the best word in the statements

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UNIT 1

If I were a superhero…

Lesson 1A

Second Conditional.

A.- VIDEO ZONE Watch this video to find out about Stan Lee, the creator of Spider-Man A.- WAtch

B.- VOCABULARY Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 10 next to the letters A-I.

Check your understanding: Select True or False 1. Stan Lee was a researcher, digital novelist and publisher. True False 2. Spider-Man was not the only character he created. True SECOND CONDITIONAL False 3. There were a lot of superhero films in cinemas in the 1930s and 1940s. True False 4. In the 1960s he sold comic books. True False 5. Stan Lee had minor acting parts in many Marvel films. True False 6. The reason why his superheroes aren’t successful is that they are perfect characters. True False

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Publisher Longshot Iconic Captivated Golden age Pumping out Slickly Blockbusters Flawed

A……Something you try, although it’s unlikely to be successful. B…… In a way that is very clever and attractive. C……. To hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, etc. D……. an imaginary time, when everyone was happy and successful E……. A book or film that is very successful. F……. Not perfect or containing mistakes G……. To remove water or liquid from something using a pump H……. very famous or popular I……. An organization that publishes text or music.

Video Link: https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/video-zone/stan-lee-man-who-invented-

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C.- GRAMMAR The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations or in the future. Pay attention on how the second conditional is formed, and when to use it.

1) Answer the questions about you. Use the second conditional in your answers. 1. Who would you talk to if you could see a person that passed away? 2. What would you say if you had the

opportunity to study abroad? The structure of a second conditional sentence: Like a first conditional, a second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an if clause and a main clause: If clause: If I had a million dollars Main clause: I would buy a big house

3. How would you feel if your girlfriend

cheated on you? _ 4. What would you do if you could be the president of your nation?

If the if clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the if clause comes second, there is no need for a comma. For example: Main clause: I would buy a big house If clause: If I had a million dollars

2) Word Order. Choose the five words to complete the sentence. 1. …………………. marry him, would you say yes? he to

if

would asked

asks

you

2. How would we keep in touch…………………………? to didn't we have

if did

a. If I were shorter, …………………………. computers

3. ………………………… if the pay is lower than it is? leave

you

left

job your

if

would

4. If she…………….,……………. going out with her. he beautiful wouldn't

isn't wasn’t being be

5. If people……………, be fewer wars. more would

3) Complete the sentences with your personal information.

there tolerant wouldn't were are

6. If you……………., be able to communicate.

b. I would buy a new computer,…………………………………… ……………………………………………… ………… c. What would you say if……………………………………………… ……………………………………………….. d. She’d play with her ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… e. If I didn’t feel so ill, ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ………………………………………………

speak spoke speaking couldn't wouldn't we English

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4) Select the best choice. 1. I wouldn’t open that umbrella inside the house if I ………. you a. was b. were c. had d. knew 2. If I had more free time,……………….. a play. a. I’d say b. I will type c. I’d write d. I won’t create 3. I would love to visit Mexico, if I ………….. the chance. a. have b. had c. have got d. received 4. I wouldn’t go out with her, even in you ………….. me. a. telled b. said c. paid d. beg 5. He would definitely lose weight if he…………... eating sugar and carbohydrates. a. continued b. blocked c. stopped d. restrain

D.- WRITING Superheroes: Mention which superhero you wouldn’t like to be? At the same time, manifest the specific reasons. Write an essay of 120 - 150 words length. Note: Use the second conditional. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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E.- SPEAKING In this section, students will talk about the not so common superheroes and their powers and how those abilities are not beneficial for communities, but used for specific purposes. Time of the video: 5 – 7 minutes. Suggested tools to use: FlipGrid, Loom, Zoom, Screencast – o Matic.

F.- LISTENING Listen to the following audio about What makes a superhero? from Mathew Winkler Note: Play the track two times 1. What do Harry Potter, Katnis Everdeen and Frodo have in common with heroes of ancient myths? a. All of them defeat the enemies b. To know that superheroes have the same problems just like normal people c. Common things in developing certain actions. d. Variants of the same hero 2. Which are the order steps that the hero follows? a. See a message, assistance, departure, trials, approach, crisis, treasure, result, return b. Result, assistance, departure, trials, crisis, treasure, see a message, approach, return c. Departure, assistance, treasure, crisis, see a message, return, trials, see a message, departure 3. What does the step assistance mean in this recording? a. The hero finds a person b. The hero is helped by an older and wiser man c. The hero receives a transference of some powers d. The here is attacked by someone 4. What does the quote “The cave you fear to enter, holds the treasure you seek”? …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. What can you summarize from all the recording? …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………

5

UNIT 1

1B

Passive voice

A. VIDEO ZONE Watch this video about: Passive voice conversation between two ladies.

Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZynFqk1m2UU

Fill in the gaps 1. Which address was the lady going? …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… 2. What happened when she got home? …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… 333. What had the dog done when their owners were outside home? …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………. 4. How was their house when they returned ? …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

B.VOCABULARY Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 10 next to the letters A-H. 1. Trash 2. Locked 3. German-shepherded 4. Outside 5. Messy 6. Duties 7. Fancy 8. Knocked over

A……Dirty, unpleasant or lacking order B…… The outer part of something C……. Something you have to do, because it’s part of your job. D……. Waste material or things that are no longer wanted or needed. E……. To fasten something with a key F……. Expensive G……. To hit someone with a vehicle and injure or kill them. H……. Type of dog, used specially for police work.

5. What were the duties that the e lady had done? …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

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C.GRAMMAR The Passive voice The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. Tense Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple Present Continuous Past Continuous Going to Present perfect Past perfect Used to Would always Infinitive Modals

Active Voice Sam cooks the food Sam cooked the food Sam will cook the food Sam is cooking the food

Passive Voice The food is cooked (by Sam) The food was cooked (by Sam) The food will be cooked (by Sam) The food is being cooked (by Sam)

Sam was cooking the food Sam is going to cook the food Sam has cooked the food Sam had cooked the food Sam used to cook the food Sam would always cook the food Sam has to cook the food Sam should cook the food

The food was being cooked (by Sam) The food is going to be cooked (by Sam) The food has been cooked (by Sam) The food had been cooked (by Sam) The food used to be cooked (by Sam) The food would always be cooked (by Sam) The food has to be cooked (by Sam) The food should be cooked (by Sam)

1. Change the following ACTIVE VOICE sentences into PASSIVE VOICE, but only if possible. Omit the by-phrase wherever possible. Do NOT change the verb tense. 1. The student copied the new vocabulary into her notebook. The new vocabulary _____________________________________________________________ 2. The salesperson talked Sung Ho into buying a new car. Sung Ho _______________________________________________________________________ 3. The chef seasoned the bubbling pot of pho with star anise. The bubbling pot of pho __________________________________________________________ 4. The sous chef chopped the onions and grated the ginger. The onions _______________________ and the ginger ________________________________ 5. The crow ate all of the cherries on her tree. ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. This year, monkeys have bitten several tourists in Phuket. ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. It rains a lot during the monsoon season. ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. The sun rises at seven o’clock in winter. ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Her parents taught her to be punctual. ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. The scholar diligently checked all of his references. _____________________________________________________________________________

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2. Change the following passive voice sentences into active voice ones. Do not change the verb tense. 1. Saffron is cultivated in Spain and in Iran. ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. This play was first performed in ancient Greece. ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Her rice pudding was loved by her friends and family alike. ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. His cat’s collar will be designed by a famous craftsperson. ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. The MacBook Pro was bought by the owner of the enterprise. ____________________________________________________________________________

3.Mention what type of Sentence are the following ones: Active Voice (AV) or Passive Voice (PV) 1. Somebody broke the zipper of my portfolio. 2. A person was seen doing bad things. 3. CENID will graduate the best students of each parallel. 4. I am studying my master’s degree in an online mode. 5. My boss told me to bring the materials for the project. 6. They could not have made the mistake. 7. The earthquake was felt in all the country 8. The laptop had not been repaired properly 9. A song has been heard as an echo 10. The newspaper will be read by my uncle

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4. Complete each sentence with a modal verb + be / have been + past participle. The modal verbs you can use are must, might, may, can, could, and should Ex) The laws _________________________ (obey) by everyone, regardless of social status. (obligation – present) Answer: The laws must be obeyed by everyone, regardless of social status. 1. Karen hasn't come to work for the past week. She __________________________ (fire) - I'm not sure. (uncertainty – past) 2. This watch is so strong, it _______________________ (drop) from a height of 40 feet without breaking. (possibility – present) 3. Cameras with flash ___________________ (use) during the performance. (prohibited – present) 4. Papers ________________________________ (turn) in by April 15. No assignments will be accepted after the deadline. (obligation – present). 5. Some people _______________________ (offend) by the strong language in the movie. (possibility – present) 6. My air conditioner is broken. ___________ it __________________, or will I have to buy a new one? (ability – present) 7. I think that new immigrants ________________________ (give) more help and support. (recommendation – present) 8. I can't believe he got away with the crime! He _____________________________________ (punish). (recommendation – past) 9. If we had known about this problem earlier, it _______________________________ (resolve). (possibility – past) 10.Some mysteries just ________________________ (solve). (impossibility – present)

D.WRITING Write an essay in which you describe your job experience from the beginning until today. Use passive voice. The passage needs to contain from 120 to 150 words. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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E.- SPEAKING In this section, students will have the opportunity to practice different situations with the monitoring of the teacher and applying the passive voice. Each one of them will speak about a situation in particular for just one minute. Suggested tools: Flipgrid, Loom, Zoom, Screencast o - matic

F.- LISTENING Listen to the following audio about how “what really happens to the plastic you throw away”, and select the best choice to the following questions below. 1. Who are the characters in this story? a. plastic b. 3 plastic bottles. c. garbage

5. How long can it take a bottle to decompose? a. 5 years b. 100 years c. 1000 years

2. Plastic is made of………… a. pellets b. oil and gas c. recycling material.

6. What is the name of the massive vortex of trash in the Pacific Ocean? a. The Pacific Garbage Patch. b. The Pacific Trash Gyre. c. The Pacific Trash

3. How much plastic ends up in landfills? a. all of it. b. hundreds of millions of tons c. a thousand of tons. 4. Rainwater flows through the waste and absorbs toxic compounds. The toxic water is called leachate and it…… a. Evaporates. b. can move into ground water, soils and streams. c. solidificates

7. How many plastic-filled trash vortexes or gyres are there in the world’s seas? a. one b. five c. ten 8. Why do the animals eat the plastic? a. They think it’s food. b. because they are starving. c. because they want to find something.

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UNIT A. VIDEO ZONE

1C B. VOCABULARY Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 6 next to the letters A-F.

Video: youtube.com/watch?v=B_jTvXkoWgc In this activity, you are going to listen to the questions in this video and you will response by using second conditional. ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………

1. Homeless 2. Give it back 3. Tip 4. Park bench 5. Store clerk 6. Pay off.

A……. Someone who serves customers in a shop. B…….To give someone an extra amount of money for a service. C……. A hard seat for 2 or more people D……. To return something to the person who gave it to you. E……..To result in success. F....... Without a home.

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C. GRAMMAR The following sentences all have problems related to Passive Voice. Find the mistakes and correct them. 1. John was gave a present yesterday, because it was his birthday. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Houses are build every day. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. His medicine is take every afternoon. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. This exercise must done with a lot of attention. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. An idea was putted forward for discussion. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. My salary will be paiyed in a week’s time. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 7. The essays have to be handed in by Monday. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. My mother was being examined by the doctor last night. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 9. Several robberies be committed every day. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 10. The road was blocking off by farmers. ………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Select the best choice. Which sentence is true of the second conditional? a.-It describes what will happen in the future. b.-It describes an imaginary situation. c.-You can use it for daydreaming and wishing. Which sentence is correct? a-.She’d go out more if she would have more free time. b.-If we lived in that house, we could get a dog. c.-If I were you, I’d discuss the situation with my boss.

Which reply is NOT correct? ‘Could you help me fix the car?’ a.-I would if I knew how. b.-If I had time, I’d. c.-I would if I’d know how to do it.

Complete the question. What would you do if you ……………… in a professional team? a.-would be b.-played c.-can be

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3. Complete the sentences with the past simple or would + verb 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What .............. if you had a scholarship? (you, study) If ...................... a travel ticket, would they rebuy it? (they, lose). In which situation ................ his love for a lady? (he, manifest) I would ask for forgiveness if …………….. a mistake (I, commit) If we received a good service at a hotel, do you think ……………back? (we, come) 6. If ....................... millionaire, I would buy everything I want. (I, be) 7. She…………….better grades if she studied hard. (have)

4. Rewrite the sentences in Active Voice. a. The English classes are given by Mr. Miguel ………………………………………………………………………………… b. The laptop was corrupted by a virus. …………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………… c. The exercises were made by the teachers. d. The houses are built by stonemasons. …………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………. e. The word of God is spread by believers.

D. WRITING In this section, students will make an essay of 120 – 150 words in which they mention the arise of the 4th technological revolution and which tools they have used in benefit for their academic development. Use passive voice and second conditional.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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E.- SPEAKING By using tools such as: Flipgrid, Loom, Zoom or Screencast -o Matic, students would have the opportunity to talk about the reactivation of 3 worldly sectors after one year pandemic catastrophe. The activity will be made with the monitoring of the teacher and applying the second conditional and passive voice.

F.- LISTENING In this activity you need to go to this website: https://www.examenglish.com/PET/pet_listening_part2.htm You will hear a radio interview with the manager of a summer activity course. For each question, choose the correct answer.

Write your answers here, Choose a, b or c 1.- a b c 2- a b c 3.- a b c 4- a b c 5.- a b c 6.- a b c 7.- a b c

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15

UNIT 2

Lesson

Social Media

2A

Would rather

A. VIDEO Watch this video to find out about why people are choosing to change WhatsApp for another Over the top application (Telegram, Signal, etc) .

B. VOCABULARY Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 10 next to the letters A-J.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRVhDLBZ4dE

1. Data 2. Collect 3. Accounts 4. Policy 5. Update 6. Third parties 7. Backup 8. Security 9. Switch 10. Coded According to what you saw and heard, write a justified opinion about why is important to change WhatsApp and migrate to Telegram or another OTT app? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………

A……. A copy of information held on a computer that is stored separately from the computer B…….Protection of a person, building, organization. C……. To make something more modern or suitable for use D……. written or sent in code E……. Information, specially facts and numbers collected to be examined and considered to help decision-making. F……. Arrangement with a company G……. A third person or organization less directly involved in an activity H……. A set of ideas or a plan that has been agree by a group of people I……… To change suddenly or completely. J……… To get and keep things of one

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C. GRAMMAR Would Rather Would rather (do) = Would prefer to do Wishes and regrets (I’d rather) a) Like a second conditional sentence, these wishes use a past tense form to express a feeling about the present. e.g. I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone (= It would be better if you didn’t tell…). b) Wishes about the past use past perfect in the same way as a third conditional sentence. e.g. I’d rather you hadn’t told anyone.

After the would rather, we use the infinitive without “to”. Examples: a) Would you rather have tea or coffee? Coffee, please! Notice the negative Examples: a) I’m tired. I’d rather not go out this evening, if you don’t mind. b) Do you want to go out this evening? I’d rather not c) I’d rather not to do it by myself

Reflect on Grammar We use “would rather” to describe a preference of one thing compared to another thing. Affirmative form Subject + would rather +base form + than + base form. I would rather play football than watch tv. Negative form Subject + would rather + not + base form Yes/not Wh -questions: 1) What Would you rather do? 2) Would you rather sleep than read? Answers: Yes. I rather sleep than read. Not. I would rather not sleep.

Contraction I´d rather stay at home than go out tonight. You´d ………………… He´d ………………….. She´d ………………… It´d ……………………. We´d ………………….. You´d …………………. They´d …………………

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1. Complete the following conversation by using would rather or would rather not and use the proper expressions from the list. Francis: Let’s go to London by car. Danny: _______________________________________ Michael: Do you prefer to go to Italy or France this summer? Rachel: _______________________________________ Ron: What did Alice tell you? Gil: _______________________________________ Liz: Do you feel like going to the movies this evening? Rina: No, ____________________________________ Nora: What’s the matter? Sheila: I don’t feel very well. _________________________ Vera: Would you like some coffee? Simon: ________________________________________

• • • • • •

have some hot chocolate go to Italy watch a film on TV go by train go to school today say

2. Choose the best answer to fill the gap in each of the following: 1. I went to the party but I didn't like it. (rather) I'd ............................................................................... to the party. 2. I prefer milk to cocoa. (rather) I'd ................................................................................ cocoa. 3. Dad would you like you to help him with the garden today. (rather) Dad ................................................................................ with the garden today. 4. I'd prefer you not to play music so loudly. (rather) I'd .................................................................................... music so loudly. 5. I didn't like it that you invited Eva. (rather) I'd .................................................................................... Eva. 6. I didn't want to stay with her. (rather) I'd ..................................................................................... with her. 7. Liza prefers snowboarding to skiing. (rather) Liza .................................................................................. ski. 8. Nick would prefer to have bought a computer rather than a tablet. (rather) Nick would ............................................................................than a tablet. 9. I don't want you to move that table. (rather) I'd ......................................................................................... that table. 10. It would be nice if we ate out for a change. (rather) I'd ........................................................................................ for a change.

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4. Select the best choice. I. Did you enjoy the film last night? No, I'd rather ..................................... and watched TV. a. have stayed b. stay c. had stayed d. to have stayed 2. Will you do the dishes? I'd rather ......................................................... I'm very tired. a. you wash them b. you had washed them c. you washed them. d. you to wash them 3. I'd .................................. than stop playing football. a. sooner sleep less b. rather had slept c. sooner to sleep d. rather have spept 4. Anna said they'd sooner .................................................. the children to the party tomorrow. a. we not bring b. we wouldn't bring c. we will not bring d. we didn't bring 5. Did Helen call Adam yesterday? Yes, but I'd rather ......................................................... a. she didn't b. she hadn't c. she weren't d. she wouldn't 5. Choose the correct answer: 1. You……………. so much yesterday. a. would rather I didn’t drink b. would rather drunk. c. had better haven’t drunk d. had better not drink 2. Are the children sleepy? Yes, they………………….. to bed. a. would rather went b. have rather go c. had better go d. would rather have gone 3. She’d rather…………………… than go to university. a. work b. to work c. worked d. have worked 4. I’d rather you……………………… than went to university. a. worked b. work c. to work d. working 5. I’d rather you…………………alone. It was a mistake. a. lived b. have lived c. live d. had lived

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D. WRITING In this section, you will develop the following writing prompt of (120 – 150 words). Would you rather cook your food or buy it in a restaurant? Why? Write all the necessary details to justify this question. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. SPEAKING By using Flipgrid, Loom, Zoom or Screencast -o-matic, students will discuss about the following prompts: 1. Would you rather use a blackboard or a Wacom tablet to give online classes? Why? 2. Would you rather buy an Android cellphone or an iPhone? Why? 3. Would you rather study for the exam or cheat? Why Note: Students will give their personal opinions with the correspondent reasons and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session. Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions.

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F. LISTENING Click on the audio link and listen to the teacher giving students advice for exams. Then, do the exercises to practice and improve your listening skills. Audio link: https://bd748f642cf8b253d59c5c160b94f727c0d27cbeccc854542bc6.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/LearnEnglish%20Teens%20 %20Listening%20skills%20practice%20-%20B1%20-%20Advice%20for%20exams.mp3

Circle the best option to complete these sentences. 1. Students are advised to … a. select the important things to learn. b. read through everything once. c. make notes about every topic. 2. The teacher understands that repeating things can be … a. difficult. b. uninteresting. c. tiring. 3. Students can do past exam papers … a. in the library only. b. at home if they take photocopies. c. in the after-school study group. 4. The teacher recommends a break of five minutes every … a. hour. b. two hours. c. thirty minutes. 5. It’s important to … a. eat regularly. b. sleep when you feel tired. c. keep hydrated. 6. The teacher is sure that the students will … a. pass their exams. b. fail their exams. c. do their best 21

UNIT 2

Food : Salad or Soup Would Prefer

Lesson 2B

A. READING Take a look to the heading of this lesson. What do you think? Put the correct headlines according to the information. Note: Three of them would not be necessary. Paragraph Headings A.

B.

A B C D E F G H I

FIIRST PUBLIC APPEARANCES SUCCESS AS A WRITER JAMIE’S PRIVATE LIFE AVOIDING FOREIGN CUISINE WHO IS JAMIE OLIVER? EXAMPLE AN INTEREST BEGINS HIS EDUCATION AT HOME AND ABROAD THE PRICE OF SUCCESS COOKING FOR PUBLIC FIGURES 1 Restaurants and cooking are in his blood because his parents own and operate a successful pub and restaurant in Cambridge, where he grew up. At the age of eight he started cooking and helping the chefs prepare lunch for the pub’s customers.

A FAMOUS CHEF

EXAMPLE E James Trevor “Jamie” Oliver, born 27 May 1975, is a British celebrity, chef, restaurateur, media personality, known for his food-focused television shows, cookbooks and his global campaign for better food education. He has attracted all generations of food lovers with his ultra-tasty receipts shown on television .

3 Then, one day a producer saw him while he was working in the River Café and his life changed. He appeared in a documentary on the café, and later he was contacted by the top production companies in England and the first series of films on his cooking were made. Soon he was well-known by the public because he often featured in magazine articles.

2 After uninteresting school years, he decided he wanted to cook and went on to study at Westminster catering college, where he completed his formal training. After college, he travelled to France to find out more about cooking and famous French cuisine. He also wanted to find his own style. 5

4 To accompany the television series, Jamie’s first book came out, and it was number one on the best-seller list for more than ten weeks. Then at the age of twenty-six, he became food editor for a magazine .

Jamie is even more popular with the British government. On one occasion he was invited to 10 Downing Street to prepare a lunch for the British Prime Minister, who was entertaining the Italian Prime Minister.

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B. VOCABULARY A. Discussion. What would you prefer? B. Look at the pictures and according to the ticks, manifest the preference. What would you prefer?

C. GRAMMAR Would Prefer To expressing would prefer: We use would prefer or we’d prefer, followed by a toinfinitive or a noun, to talk about present and future preferences: Example:

Negative form + not + to + base form

I would prefer to You would prefer to He would prefer t She would prefer to

study medicin e It

I would prefer not to You would prefer not to He would prefer not to She would prefer not to would prefer not to We would prefer not to You would prefer not to They would prefer not to

We would prefer to You would prefer to They would prefer to CONTRACTION I´d prefer to You´d prefer to He´d prefer to She´d prefer to It ´d prefer to We´d prefer to You´d prefer to They´d prefer to

study medicine

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Wh – questions

Short answer

What would you prefer to study?

Yes, I would prefer to.

Would you prefer to study English?

Not, I would prefer not to

1. Fill in the gap with the correct verb.

1. Stacy would rather

food for the family.

2. I think I'd prefer

the honor from the authorities.

3. Mary would

you at school.

4. I'd rather the students

their academic books.

5. Peter prefers

at his college.

2. Choose the correct answer. 1. I prefer brown sugar a. to b. than

tea. c. that

2. I like trekking in the mountains, but I prefer a. lying

b. to lying

c. lie

3. I prefer travelling by bus a. rather than travel

by train b. to travel

4. I'd prefer to read for a while a. that watch

c. to travelling TV.

b. to watch

5. I’d prefer a movie a. rather than

on the beach.

c. rather than watch

a concert. b. to

c. that

d. from

3. Select the best answer in the statements below. 1. He’d prefer to keep his job…………..fired. a. to being

b. rather than being

c. before to be

d. rather than be

2. I´d prefer ........................... just a salad. a. have b. having c. to have

d. to having

3. I’d prefer to walk rather than… ..... by car. a. to go b. go c. going

d. to going

4. I .......................................................... become a pianist. a. ‘d rather b. ’d prefer c. rather

d. prefer

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D. WRITING Write a composition of 120 - 150 words on how would you prefer your activities during the day. Explain the reasons in a detailed way.

.......................................................................................................................................…………………. .…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. .......................................................................................................................................………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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E.SPEAKING By using Flipgrid, Loom, Zoom or Screencast o -Matic, students will discuss about the following: You study in Cambridge University with a colleague. However, there are many problems with your visa and passport. Talk about your current situation, explain your problems, and say what kind of solution is the most appropriate in this specific case. Note: Students will give their personal opinions with the correspondent reasons and will have 10 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session. Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions

F.LISTENING Listen to the following conversation about preferences. Note: Play the track two times

2.

1. What type of cake did the lady prefer? a. chocolate b. lemon c. vanilla d. strawberry. What kind of drink makes the lady feel relaxed? a. beer b. wine c. lemon juice d. whisky 3. Which drink is healthier? a. beer b. wine c. tequila shot d. whisky 4. What kind of song does the lady prefer? a. Pop music b. Rock music c. Rap music d. R&B 5. Which kind of music does is the boy crazy about ? a. rock music b. classical music c. jazz music d i i 26

PEOPLE

UNIT 2

Infinitives& Gerunds

Lesson 2C

A. READING A. Read the chart and try to describe the pictures, using as much words as you can. Add three pictures more and describe it. TYPE Challengers. Peacemakers. Investigators. Helpers. Achievers. Reformers. Individualist. Loyalists.

PERSON Manager Consultant Financial Advisor Fundraiser Government Jobs Human Resources Insurance Agent Investment Banker Market Research Analyst

APPEARANCE Gorgeous scruffy boorish graceful self-assured bright grotesque shiny clean slender

Differences between People People differ physically from the moment of conception, but it is only after birth that an individual can be observed. Family traits and characteristics are noted by adoring parents who think the baby looks like another family member or definitely takes after the mother's side or, without a doubt, has his father's nose. Eye colour, skin colour and the texture of our hair are all different and depend on our inherited genes. A baby born with ginger hair may in a few months’ time have fair hair as the birth hair falls out and is replaced. Hair can be fine, thick, straight or curly, and as we grow older it gets thinner. Some hair loss is experienced at quite an early age whilst others have a full head of hair throughout their lives. People with dark hair may find that it turns to grey or white even before they reach their 40's. European people in general have paler skin than if your ancestors come from Africa or Asia. Skin can change colour if exposed to sunlight, but the tan does not last unless it is regularly topped up. The rate at which we develop and grow is variable. Boys and girls of the same age show big differences in growth spurts especially when puberty is reached. At the age of 12, girls are much taller than boys of the same age, but at 16 years of age, boys shoot up and overtake the girls in height and body strength.   27

The way the body develops is not just a result of physical changes, as our mental processes have a large part to play in what we want to achieve. A desire to become a skillful footballer, a long distance runner or a strong swimmer require stamina and years of practice to try and attain the top level. Even with hours of body building activities and work-outs in the gym, a person will not be able to compete in a Strong Man competition if they have a small frame and fragile bones. The food we eat will, to a certain extent, determine how we grow and gives us strong bones. A lack of activity and eating too much sweet sugary food can result in people gaining excessive amounts of weight. It seems unfair that one person can eat all sorts of fattening food and not put on weight whilst others just 'looking at a cream cake' can put on pounds or kilos.

Reading comprehension questions that go with the above reading passage. 1) What changes take place a few weeks after birth? A) The noise the baby makes. B) The skin colour. C) The baby's hair. D) The shape of the nose. 2) What causes pale skin to become brown or tanned? A) Exposure to the sun. B) Staying indoors. C) Covering the body with sun cream lotion. D) Spending time on a sun bed. 3) Roughly, at what stage in their development do girls start to grow in height? A) When they start learning to swim. B) When they start primary school. C) When they eat raw vegetables. D) When they reach puberty at the age of 12 or 13. 4)

What do we need to succeed in sport at the top level? A) A strong body and a determination to keep persisting. B) Extra tuition. C) Lots of work in the gym. D) Good food. 5) What happens to our bodies if we eat too much and do not take enough exercise? A) We feel happy. B) We get fat and overweight. C) Our muscles get flabby. D) We do not have any energy.

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B.- VOCABULARY  

What is this person like? The box below includes 12 personality adjectives. Match each adjective with definitions 1-12. Reading - kind - lazy - shy - talkative - generous - funny - ambitious friendly - clever - self-confident - open-minded - nervous

1.- A person who is open and warm is …………………………………… 2.- A person who likes giving things to people is …………………………………… 3.- A person who accepts new and different ideas is …………………………………… 4.- A person who talks a lot is …………………………………… 5.-A person who is friendly and good to other people is …………………………………… 6.-A person who makes people laugh is …………………………………… 7.-A person who is quick at understanding things is …………………………………… (synonym of intelligent). 8.-A person who does not want to work is …………………………………… 9.-A person who can't easily talk to people is …………………………………… 10.-A person who feels sure about his/her abilities is …………………………………… 11.-A person who want to be successful …………………………………… 12.-A person who doesn't get nervous easily ……………………………………

 

Infinitive

C.- GRAMMAR

I like to swim in the summer. You like to fix things in your house. Ray likes to take pictures of his family. Michael and Sasha like to swim in a pool.

 

Gerund I like swimming in the summer. You like fixing things in your house. Ray likes taking pictures of his family. Michael and Sasha like swimming in a pool.

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Verbs show the action of a sentence. Sometimes verbs can be used as a noun in a sentence. When you use a verb as a noun, you use a gerund or the infinitive. Some verbs are followed by Gerunds. e.g. I enjoy driving Some verbs are followed by infinitives. e.g. I decided not to do anything that pollutes the World. e.g. You don’t need to commute as far as I do. Some verbs are followed by gerunds or infinitives e.g. You really love disappointing me. e.g. Cars continue to be the main cause of pollution. 1.Put the verb into the gerund or the infinitive with ‘to’:

1.- We decided ............................ (buy) a new car. 2.- They've got some work ..........................(do). 3.- Peter gave up .......................... (smoke) . 4.- He'd like...............................(fly) an airplane. 5.- I enjoy .................................. (write) picture postcards. 6.- Do you know what ................................ (do) if there's a fire in the shop? 7.- Avoid .................................................... (make) silly mistakes. 8.- My parents wanted me ........................................ (be) home at 11 o'clock. 9.- I dream about .......................................... (build) a big house. 10.- I'm hoping .......................................... (see) Lisa. 2.- Verb + Gerund or Infinitive? Put the verbs in brackets in the Gerund or the to-infinitive. One month ago, my friend Bernardo decided (lose) some weight. He stopped (eat) chocolate, gave up (drink) beer, and he refused (eat) anything high in fat. This was difficult for him because he enjoyed (eat) chocolate and he preferred (drink) beer to Diet Coke! Luckily, his girlfriend agreed (help) him. She promised (make) him a lot of healthy food, and she did. But after two months, he only managed (lose) 3 pounds. Now, his a) having b) to have - The answer is: a) having girlfriend has suggested (join) a gym. Bernardo hates (exercise), but he will try it . 1. Do all of us need ?

 

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3. Complete the following questions by writing the verbs in parentheses with infinitives

or gerunds. Student A:

What are you looking forward to (do) tonight or tomorrow? What would you like (study) in class? What do you enjoy (do) in your free time? Do you prefer (watch) movies to (read) books? What do your parents often tell you (do)? What is something fun that have you decided (do) recently? Student B: Is English difficult or easy (learn)? What do you sometimes forget (do)? What would you like to stop (do)? If you were married, what would you promise What are you afraid of (do)?

(do) for your partner?

Student A What habit do you have that you’d like to stop (do) ? Have you started (do) anything new recently? What is something new that you’d like to try (do) in the next few years? Have you decided (do) anything special this weekend? What are you looking forward to (do) after lass? Student B Are you going to stop (do) something on the way home today? Have you regretted (do) anything recently? What in life do you prefer (do) to sleeping? What are the most common tasks that people forget (do)? Do you remember (be) born? What was your first memory? Are you used to (study) English in this class?

 

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4. Fill in

the gaps with the verbs in the brackets on the appropiate form.

1.- James offered us move. a. to help b. helping 2.- What do you want tonight? a. to do b. doing 3.- Her daughter decided a veterinarian. a. to become b. becoming 4.- I have decided on a veterinarian. a. to become b. becoming 5.- I hope to Greece this summer. a. to travel b. traveling

6.- The man from Brazil appears the best dancer in the group. a. to be b. being 7.- I learned French while I was living in Switzerland. a. to speak b. speaking 8.- I remember her at the beach last week. a. to see b. seeing 9.- Don't forget your mother! a. to call b. calling 10.- She promised to the theater with me. a. to go b. going

D. WRITING In this section, you are a Hiring Manager called to interview a candidate for the Sales manager position. This person looks very prepared in the academic field and for the position he is pursuing. You find that he/she has very important characteristics. Describe what you learned from this person as a result of the interview. You might include some information about what this person is accustomed to , annoyed at, capable of, concerned about, desirous of, incapable of, int erested in, suited for, susceptible to, sympathetic toward and weary of. Use at least 5 gerunds complement in your report. (120 – 150 words).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………

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E. SPEAKING   Students will discuss about their life. Speak a brief description in which you use at least two gerund complements and four infinitive complements. Note: Students will give their personal descriptions and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity online – synchronous session.

F. LISTENING Listen to the following audio and fill in the gaps the statements below. Alice: Hello. Welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me, Alice. Finn: And me, Finn. Hello. Alice: Today we're .................. about verb patterns. Finn: Yes: we're .................at what happens when we use two verbs together in English. Alice: We'll be looking at four verb patterns - and there's a ............. at the end of the program - so listen carefully! Finn: So, on with the show! Our first pattern is: verb plus gerund. Alice: A gerund is the ………….of a verb - words like seeing, ………… and giving are all g………... Finn: And here's Catherine to give us some ............. of the pattern verb plus gerund. Catherine. Catherine: I really enjoyed .................. Rachel again last night. Jackie kept ...................... , so I went home. Would you mind giving me a lift to the station? Finn: Thanks Catherine. So we had the verb ………….plus the gerund seeing... Alice: We had keep plus complaining... Finn: And the verb mind plus the gerund giving. Alice: Good. Enjoy seeing; keep complaining; mind giving. Other verbs that can be followed by gerunds include: ………………, practice, .............................. , and recommend. Finn: So I can say: I suggest......................................a list of verbs that take gerunds. Alice: Haha, good example. Finn: Thank you. Alice: Now for the second pattern: verb plus infinitive. An ....................... is the word to plus a base verb, for example: to ……… , to ………….., to ...................... Some examples please Catherine? Catherine: I really want ............................. the football tonight. My brother's learning ……………………… Mario's hoping ............................. medicine. Finn: So that's: want to see, learning to ………., hoping to........................... Other verbs in this group are agree, decide, choose and learn. Now for the third pattern: these verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive - without ..............................the meaning. Some examples please Catherine. Catherine: I've started learning Arabic - and my boyfriend's started to learn French. Finn: So started learning and started to learn have more or less the same meaning. Now, another example please? Catherine: Snow will continue ………….. in the mountains and temperatures will continue ……………….. throughout the night. Finn: So continue to fall and continue falling have the same meaning.

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UNIT 3

Prefixes and Suffixes

Lesson

Sections.

3A

A. READING In 1996, Peace Corps volunteer, Peter Hessler, arrived in Fuling, a quiet town on the Yangtze, to teach English. He went back recently to find the landscape and his former students transformed. There is excellent mobile phone coverage at the bottom of the Yangtze River, although Huang Dejian is one of the few people who know this. He’s the director of the new White Crane Ridge Underwater Museum and today his phone rings constantly at a depth of 40 meters. The museum is the strangest sight in the city of Fuling – visitors enter via a 100-metrelong escalator encased in a steel tube, like a massive straw dipped into the muddy Yangtze. The last time I saw Huang, all this was dry land, the $34 million museum didn’t exist and the Three Gorges Dam* was still under construction 450 kilometers downstream. Fuling sits at the junction of the Yangtze and the Wu Rivers, and in the mid1990s it felt sleepy and isolated. There was no main road or railway line, and the Yangtze ferries took seven hours to reach Chongqing, the nearest large city. Foreigners were unheard of – if I ate lunch in the town center, I often attracted a crowd of 30 spectators. The city had one escalator, one nightclub, and no traffic lights. I didn’t know anybody with a car. In those days, I worked at Fuling Teachers College. Nearly all of my students came from rural homes with little tradition of education; many had illiterate parents. My students taught me many things, including what it meant to come from the countryside, where the vast majority of Chinese lived at the beginning of the reform era. They also taught me about the complexities of poverty in China. My students had little money, but they were optimistic, and they had opportunities; it was impossible to think of such people as poor. During my visit, about 15 students return to Fuling for an impromptu reunion. They give updates on the classmates who, like so many Chinese of their generation, have migrated far from home. My old students are interested in analyzing their society. One, who gave himself the English name of Mo Money says, ‘Life is competitive. I think this is a special stage for China. In the past we criticized capitalist America. But now we are in a similar situation.’ My last meeting on this visit is with fishermen, Huang Zongming and his brother Zongguo. I was here when they moved out of their homes in June 2003, when the first stage of the dam was completed. The brothers tell me there’s still good fishing upstream and Zongming has still never travelled on a train. I discover that they are the only people I know who remain virtually the same, despite the changes all around them.

Read the article and choose the correct option. 1 The town of Fuling ... a.- has been transformed by the Three Gorges Dam. b.- was built at the same time as the Three Gorges Dam. c.- was destroyed by the Three Gorges Dam. 2 Peter Hessler describes ... a.- the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. b.- the changes he finds on his visit to Fuling. c.-what it's like to work as a teacher in China. 3 Peter Hessler discovers that ... a.-everyone he knew has moved away from the area. b.-hardly anyone has the same life as they used to. most people are unhappy with the changes they have seen. 4 Huang Dejian is the director of ... a.- a highly unusual museum. b.- a museum in the center of the city. c.- one of the oldest museums in the area.

5 When Peter lived in Fuling ... . to Chongqing for lunch. a.- he used to go b.- he was the only foreign visitor most people had seen. c.- there were no cars in the town. 6 Peter's students ... a.- explained Chinese traditions to him. b.- had lives which were very different to the lives of their parents. c.- weren’t able to change their lives because they were poor. 7 After Peter’s students left college … a.- some of them left the area. b.- they returned home to teach. c.- they stayed in Fuling city to work. 8 What does Peter say about his old students? a.- They are interested in the American way of life. b.-They don’t agree with the changes that have happened in China. c.-They think a lot about how life is changing in their country.

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B. VOCABULARY   Match the vocabulary from the article with the correct definition and write 1 – 11 next to the letters A-K.

1.- traffic lights 2.- ferry 3.-factory 4.-company 5.-rural 6.-meeting 7.-isolated 8.-crowd 9.-railway line 10.-motorway 11.-dam A ................... a business organization that makes money by selling things or services B ................... a large group of people who are together in one place C ................... a strong wall that is built across a river to stop the water and make a lake D ................... a large building where machines are used to make things E ................... a boat that carries people and vehicles across a river or the sea F.................... a long way away from large towns and difficult to reach G .................. an occasion when you see someone by chance or by arrangement H .................. a long, wide road that is for cars to travel fast and for long distances I .................... the metal tracks that trains travel on J ................... far away from large towns or cities K .................. sets of red, yellow and green lights at the places where roads meet. They control the traffic.

C. GRAMMAR DEFINITION OF A PREFIX: A prefix is a word that is added to the front of a base word to change the meaning of that word. More than one prefix may mean the same thing. There are different types of prefixes, which are the following: negative & positive, size, location, time & order, number.

Here, you will see a chart with the type of prefixes.

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Roots: Word roots are the words from other languages that are the origin of many English words. About 60% of all English words have Latin or Greek origins. Roots give words their fixed meaning. Prefixes and suffixes can then be attached to the roots to form new words.

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EXERCISES

 

1.- Select the best answer by just circling the correct letter. 1. I just bought a phone card with $60.00 worth of calling time. A) premature B) postmarked C) prepaid D) postponed 2. When it is very hot, it is wise to getting a headache by drinking lots of water. A) prevent B) preview C) precaution D) postmark 3. It is against the law to someone before he or she gets a fair trial. A) postmark B) preview C) prejudge D) precede 4. We went to a sneak of an upcoming film titled “Lost in the Galaxy.” A) preview B) precede C) preplan D) postdate 5. What do you will happen in the next chapter? A) pretest B) predict C) postpone D) postscript 6. We have learned the meanings of the pre- and post-. A) prefixes B) postproductions C) pretests D) postdates 7. The returned to college to study art history. A) postgraduate B) prejudge C) postmark D) postmeridian 8. The date is March 12, so the on the envelope indicates the same date. A) postdate B) postmark C) predate D) prefix 9. The man needed to be by the bank before he could buy the house. A) postmortem B) precautioned C) preapproved D) postponed 10. The music was added to the movie during . A) postmeridian B) postproduction C) postponed D) predated

 

2.- Complete the sentences below. Use the prefixes ‘im-’ or ‘in-’ with the words in the box. polite decisive active moral

expensive attentive perfect possible

effective probable valid significant

sensitive formal describable sufficient

1. The train tickets didn’t cost very much. They were . 2. Jonny wasn’t paying attention to his teacher. He was . 3. It’s not possible to learn a new language in just one day. It’s . 4. My friend always finds it difficult to make decisions. He’s very . 5. You don’t have to wear a suit and tie to the meeting. It will be . 6. Don’t be . Try to be more active and get more exercise. 7. The diamond wasn’t perfect. It was . 8. People may think you are if you forget to say, “Thank you.” 9. My son’s room was very messy. I can’t describe it. It was . 10. The medicine I took didn’t help me. It was . 11. It wasn’t nice to say that your friend was stupid. It was . 12. I can use my driving license in Canada but it’s in other countries. 13. The money I have isn’t enough to buy a new car. It’s . 14. Killing another person is usually illegal and . 15. The number of mistakes I made was . I still got an A+ on the exam! 16. I don’t believe you saw a space alien. It’s possible but .

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3.- Select the best answer by just circling the correct letter. 1. Since it was so rare, the newspapers crowded to take pictures of the little girl who was born . A) polydactyl B) polytheism C) monotone D) monosyllabic 2. My family believes in only one god, but the ancient Greeks and Romans believed in . A) polytheism B) polyglots C) monophobia D) monotheism 3. Right now I am monolingual, but in the future I hope to become a . A) polyhedron B) polyglot C) monoglot D) polygraph 4. It is illegal in business today to have a in an industry. A) polyclinic B) monopoly C) monolith D) polygon 5. Is that really a work of art? It’s all black! It’s simply too _! A) polychromatic B) polysyllabic C) monosyllabic D) monochrome 6. The man had to take a test before the trial. His pulse, breathing, and blood pressure showed that he was lying. A) polygraph B) monograph C) polyhedron D) monologue 7. If you know your prefixes, suffixes, and root meanings, then you can understand most words. A) monosyllabic B) monocle C) polysyllabic D) polyclinic 8. When readers are you can tell they are not enjoying the story. A) polytone B) monotone C) monodactyl D) polyglot 9. Since Trevor has been cured of , he can now stay home alone and not feel frightened. A) polytheism B) monotone C) monochromatic D) monophobia 10. The speaker’s opening was so exciting that everyone stood up and clapped for him. A) polyglot B) monologue C) polygons D) monolith

4.-Select the best answer by just circling the correct letter 1. Which word describes how there is only one “you”? A) unilateral B) unison C) unit D) unique 2. Which word could describe a discussion in which only one person talks and listens? A) unitard B) unilateral C) unison D) unicellular 3. The original thirteen colonies decided to do this in the late 1700s when they became the United States of America. A) unison B) unit C) unilateral D) unify 4. What word describes an organism with only one cell? A) unicellular B) unilateral C) united D) unique 5. This creature looks like a horned horse. A) unicorn B) unitard C) unicycle D) unit 6. A clown often rides on this at the circus. A) unicellular B) unitard C) unicorn D) unicycle 7. This word would best describe a one-way street. A) unicycle B) unidirectional C) unit D) unique 8. This one-piece outfit is often worn by dancers. A) unilateral B) unitard C) unique D) unison 9. A group often says the Pledge of Allegiance together or in . A) unique B) unison C) unicellular D) unidirectional 10. Which word can be used to describe almost anything that is put together into a group? A) unit B) unison C) unicorn D) unique

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D. WRITING   Do you like rap?. Imagine you are a singer and write your own rap using prefixes studied in class (120-150 words) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. SPEAKING Students will complete the questions with suitable prefixes (um, im, il, ir, dis, in, re, over, mis). Then, they will answer them in pairs. 1. What’s the best way to employ……………. employed people? 2. Give a few examples of ……………responsible behaviour. 3. Give a few examples of things that are ……………… possible for you to do. 4. What food do you really…………… like? 5. Have you ever had to ………….. take your exams/tests?

F. LISTENING In this section, you will listen to a conversation that has many prefixes. Write down all the words that have the prefixes.

………… …… ……… ……… ……… …… ……… ……… ……… …… … ………… …… ……… ……… ……… …… ……… ……… ……… …… … ………… …… ……… ……… ……… …… ……… ……… ……… …… … ………… …… ……… ……… ……… …… ……… ……… ……… …… … …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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UNIT 3

Different type of prefixes

Lesson

3B

A. READING

Jacob the Great Jacob hated finishing things almost as much as he loved starting them. As a result, he had gotten into a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good. He begged his mother for months for a guitar so that he could play Black Eyed Peas songs to Angie, a girl he liked, but after he finally got one for Christmas, he found out that guitars don’t play themselves. He took a few lessons, but strumming the strings hurt his fingers and he didn’t like holding the pick, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed. After reading an ad in the back of one of his comic books, Jacob decided that he wanted a Wonder Sweeper 5000 metal detector, so that he could find buried pirate treasure. So he mowed lawns all summer and didn’t spend his money on ice-cream like his younger brother, Alex. He saved it all in a shoe box inhiscloset. Then he shoveleddriveways all winter, and he didn’t spend hismoney on candy and chips like his classmates. By the time spring came he had saved $200, and he purchased the WonderSweeper 5000 metal detector. He beeped it around the park for a while, he soon found out that no pirates had ever set sail in his neighborhood, and if they had they didn’t leave any treasure. Even though he found a key ring, forty-seven cents, and all the bottle caps he could throw, he buried the metal detector in his closest. Given Jacob’s history with hobbies, it was no surprise that Jacob’s father was reluctant to buy him a magician’s kit for his birthday. “Geez, Jacob... You sure you wouldn’t rather I got you more guitar lessons?” He suggested. Jacobwasinsistent. “Dad, you’vegottogetmethemagician’skit. Thistime I’ll stick with it for real. I promise! Come on, Dad,” Jacob begged. Jacob’s father sighed and then replied, “Oh, I don’t know, Jacob. Things are awfully tight right now.” But Jacob’s father was reminded of his own youth long ago, when he quit football and started karate practice before hardly getting his equipment dirty. So when Jacob’s birthday came around, Jacob was both surprised and pleased to find the magician’s kit that he had desired so badly with a big bright bow on it. Jacob opened up the box and unwrapped the many parts in the kit. As he did so, he imagined sawing his pet cat in half and putting it back together to the amazement of his friends and family. He took the many fake coins, trick cards, and rope pieces of varying length on the kitchen table and imagined pulling rabbits out of his hat and turning them into pigeons with a mysterious puff of smoke. As Jacob continued pulling plastic thumbs, foam balls, and giant playing cards out of the magic kit, a commercial on the TV caught his attention. “Hey kids! Have you ever wanted to go to space? Experience what it’s like to be an astronaut? Do you want to explore the universe? Well, now you can.” As the commercial continued playing, Jacob walked away from the magic kit on the kitchen table and stared at the TV screen longingly. “For only $195 you can go to space camp and live life like an astronaut for a whole weekend. Enroll now for a once in a life time experience.” Jacob’s cry rang throughout the house as he yelled, “MOM!” He now knew what his true purpose in life was. 2. Comprehension and Inferential Questions Directions: After reading the story, choose the best answer for each question. Circle one answer . 42

1. Which character trait best describes Jacob in regards to his hobbies? a. Dedicated b. Impulsive c. Committed d. Devoted 2. What was the author’s purpose in writing this text? a. Inform b. Persuade c. Entertain d. Confuse 3. In what genre is this story? a. Fiction b. Nonfiction c. Folklore d. Poetry 4. In what subgenre is this story? a. Biography b. Historical Fiction c. Realistic Fiction d. Fable 5. In which pattern is the text organized? a. Problem and Solution b. Chronological c. Sequence d. Cause and Effect 6. From what point is view is the story narrated? a. First-Person b. Third-Person Objective c. Second-Person d. Third-Person Omniscient 7. Which poetic technique is used in the following line: “He beeped it around the park for a while”? a. Onomatopoeia b. Simile c. Personification d. Hyperbole 8. Which technique is used in the following line: “He had gotten into a million hobbies and activities” a. Onomatopoeia b. Simile c. Personification d. Hyperbole 9. Which technique is used in the following line: “The five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.” a. Onomatopoeia b. Simile c. Personification d. Hyperbole

B.- VOCABULARY Take a look to the words in bold that appeared in the article, and write the correct one according to their meanings. Note: the gathering of these definitions will prepare you for more complex exercises, especially for tests.

1…………………... 2………………….. 3………………….. 4………………….. 5………………….. 6………………….. 7…………………... 8…………………... 9…………………... 10………………… 11………………… 12………………… 13………………… 14………………… 15………………… 16…………………. 17………………….

extreme dislike or disgust. to catch in an offense (such as crime) to inter with funeral ceremonies. to put in mind of something: cause to remember. a store of money in reserve to obtain by paying money or its equivalent. not true, not real. strong affection for another. to utter a loud cry, scream or shout. depart from. to change direction. to look fixedly often with wide-open eyes. a message was delivered and sounded. to cause to sound vibrantly. obtained. to ask earnestly. to exert force

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C.- GRAMMAR

Negative Prefixes Negative statements are the opposite of affirmative statements. In English, one way to make negative statements is by adding negative prefixes to nouns, adjectives and verbs. The prefixes dis, -non , -un, mean “not” or “the opposite of”

1.- Write a single word with the prefix un- or dis- to complete each sentence. 1) My brother

with my friend James. (does not agree)

2) The answer to your question is

. (not known)

3) Bethany’s red couch is incredibly

. (not comfortable)

4) My teacher told me not to be 5) Babies will become

. (not honest) when they are hungry or tired. (not happy)

6) I thought I saw her jacket, but it seems to have 7) His name is unique, and people often

. (not appear) it. (not pronounce)

2.- Choose the correct answer. 1. The jury could not decide. They were still trying to figure out the facts.What are they? A) unmistakable B) undecided C) unrealistic D) unexpected 2. You usually dream while you are in which state? A) unconscious B) unexpected C) unworthy D) uncertain 3. Chris did not deserve to join the class in the pizza party since he was teasing people on the playground every day. What was he? A) untidy B) unworthy C) unmistakable D) unequal 4. Sophie used this word to describe Alex’s room, which always had piles of clothes on the floor. A) untidy B) unnecessary C) unconscious D) uncertain 5. A blue diamond is a very rare stone. What is it? A) unworthy B) unwise C) unnecessary D) uncommon

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3.- Choose the correct answer. 1. If you walk into Paige’s room, you will find toys mixed up with books on the shelves and in drawers. There are even socks between the toys! What word describes her room? A) dismal B) disrespectful C) discontinued D) disorganized 2. Do you have one of those cameras that can be thrown away after you get the film developed? What is it? A) disorganized B) disposable C) discontinued D) disturbed 3. A child who talks while others are talking is often not liked. What is this child? A) disrespectful B) disappointed C) discontinued D) disagreeing 4. Brenton and Robert were told not to cross the street. Brenton listened. Robert didn’t listen. What was Robert? A) disrespectful B) disobedient C) disappointed D) dismal 5. If you decide you no longer want to watch so much TV, you might your cable service. A) discontinue B) disobey C) disrespect D) disorganize PREFIXES: BI – TRI - QUAD

4.- Choose the correct answer. 1. Magazines that arrive in your mailbox every other month are this. A) biyearly B) biweekly C) bimonthly D) bicolor 2. Which word is a transportation vehicle with two pairs of wings? A) bicycle B) biplane C) bicuspid D) biped 3. Something that arrives in your mailbox 26 times a year is this. A) bimonthly B) biennial C) bilingual D) biweekly 4. This three-horned reptile is now extinct. A) tricuspid B) triceratops C) trilogy D) trisect 5. What do you call a set of three plays or novels that go together? A) trilogy B) tripod C) tricycle D) trio 6. What is the name of the item that has three legs and can be attached to a camera for Taking pictures. A) tripod B) trilogy C) tricycle D) triangle 7. This is how you could cut a gummy worm into four equal parts to share with your friends. A) quadruped B) quadrisect C) quadruple D) quadrant 8. Your thigh muscles are called

, since they are a group of four muscles.

A) quadriceps B) quadrangle C) quadruped D) quadrennial

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D.- WRITING Read the following article about hat appeared in a national newspaper and write an essay discussing the importance of computers in our lives today and suggesting ways to increase computer literacy. (150 –180 use words) You must prefixes already seen in this lesson. (150 –180 words)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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E.- SPEAKING  

Focus on pictures A and B. The two pictures show people eating buying food at different places. Compare these pictures and say what you find attractive or unattractive about each place. Use the Note: prefixes already seen in this lesson.

 

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UNIT 3

Suffixes

Lesson

All the suffixes

3C

A. READING   Read the following article and choose the correct option .

IF STATUES COULD TALK How did the Easter Island statues move? Archaeologists are still trying to work out how - and what their story really means. On a winter night last June, José Antonio Tuki, a 30-year-old artist on Easter Island, sat on Anakena beach and stared at the enormous human statues there – the moai. The statues are from four feet tall to 33 feet tall. Some weigh more than 80 tons. They were carved, a long time ago, with stone tools and then they were moved up to 11 miles to the beach. Tuki stares at their faces and he feels a connection. ‘Thisissomething thatwasproducedbymyancestors,’ hesays. ‘How didtheydoit?’ The first Polynesians arrived at Rapa Nui (Easter Island), probably by canoe, hundreds of years ago. The island is 2,150 miles west of South America and 1,300 miles east of its nearest inhabited neighbour, Pitcairn. Nowadays 12 flights arrive every week from Chile, Peru an d Tahiti. In 2011, 50,000 tourists – ten times the island’s population – flew to Easter Island. Almost all of the jobs on Easter Island depend on tourism. And the tourists go there for only one thing: the moai. People around the world became curious about the statues after the Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl made Easter Island famous, and there are different theories about how the statues were moved to the beach. Many researchers think the statues were pulled along the ground using ropes and wood. Pulitzer Prize winner Jared Diamond has suggested that many people were needed to build and move the moai. As a result, the island’s trees werecut down for wood and tocreate farming land. This open land was fragile and it was soon eroded by the strong winds, so it was very difficult to grow food. The situation was an early example of an ecological disaster, according to Diamond. On the other hand, archaeologists Terry Hunt of the University of Hawaii and Carl Lipo of California State University Long Beach have a more positive view of the island’s history. They suggest that the inhabitants actually pioneered a type of sustainable farming – they built thousands of circular stone walls, called manavai, and grew food inside them. And their theory abou t how the moai were moved is that theywere ‘walked’ alongusingasystem of onlyropes andafewpeople. As José Tuki contemplates these enormous statues, he doesn’t mind that there are no definite answers about the history of his island. ‘I want to know the truth,’ he says, ‘but maybe knowing everything would take its power away.

 

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1 The moai ... a.- are statues of animals. b.- are all the same size. c.- were made by José Tuki’s ancestors. 2 Easter Island ... a.- is part of the South American continent. b.- is a long way from other inhabited places. c.- is an uninhabited island. 3 People travel to Easter Island ... a.- by boat. b.- to work. c.- to see the statues. 4 Jared Diamond thinks that ... a.- farmers on Easter Island planted a lot of trees. b.- there were environmental problems on Easter Island. c.- the population of Easter Island was always small. 5 Hunt and Lipo think people moved the statues using ... a.- wood. b.- ropes. c.- both wood and ropes.

B.- VOCABULARY Vocabulary practice Complete the questions about the text with these adjectives. Then choose the correct option from the answers given.

*big

*far

*heavy

*old

*tall

1 How are the statues? from four feet to 33 feet more than 33 feet 2 How eight tons eighty tons

are the statues?

3 How are the statues? a hundred years old hundreds of years old 4 How is Easter Island from South America? 2,150 miles 1,300 miles 5 How 50,000 5,000

is the population of Easter Island?

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C.GRAMMAR   DEFINITION: A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word, which makes a new word. In the table above, the suffix -ful has changed verbs to adjectives, -ment, and -ion have changed verbs to nouns. If you see a word ending in -ment, for example, it is likely to be a noun (e.g. commitment, contentment).

Form

Noun

Adjective

Verb

Adverb

Suffix -age -ence -ant -arium -tion -cy -dom -eer -ectomy

Meaning action or process state or quality of one who place for state or quality of state or quality of state or quality of person surgical removal of

Examples marriage, voyage, pilgrimage violence, absence, reticence servant, immigrant, assistant aquarium, planetarium, auditorium starvation, inspiration, tension accuracy, bankruptcy, conspiracy freedom, boredom, wisdom engineer, puppeteer, auctioneer tonsillectomy, appendectomy

-ent -eur -hood -i -ism -wright -ology -able -acious -ant -ative -ic -y -ble -ed -en -ify -ize -ly -ward -ways

one who one who state or quality of plural doctrine of one who works with study of Is, can be inclined to be inclined to be inclined to be characteristic of characteristic of repeated action past tense made of to make to make resembling direction manner

superintendent, resident, regent chauffeur, masseur childhood, falsehood, neighborhood alumni, foci, syllabi capitalism, socialism, patriotism playwright, shipwright biology, etymology, psychology comfortable, durable, perishable audacious, loquacious, spacious vigilant, pleasant, defiant demonstrative, talkative, pejorative comic, poetic, historic fruity, sunny, chewy stumble, squabble, mumble wanted, hated, looted strengthen, fasten, frighten terrify, falsify, vilify standardize, computerize, pulverize slowly, kindly, seriously forward, backward, onward sideways, crossways

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ROOTS AND SUFFIXES You can change the meaning or the usage of a word by adding a suffix at the end. Suffix

Meaning

-able, -ible

can be done: (comfortable)

-s, -es

more than one: (houses, boxes)

-ing, -ed

-ing: happening now(singing)

-er, or

one who does something: (painter, actor)

-ed: in the past(walked)

1.- Use the correct suffix to complete the adjectives in these sentences. -ful

-less

-able

-ive

-ic

-ly

-ible

1. Your brother was very coward .................. He ran away immediately. 2. That snake looks dangerous, but it's totally harm ......................... Don't worry! 3. To work as an acrobat in the circus, you must be very flex…………… 4. Oh, look at those ador .....................puppies. Can I have one? 5. He's always running about, very athlete ............................He will be in the Olympics one day. 6. What a beauty.......................... painting. Do you know who painted it? 7. We need a full and truth.........................account of what happened, Jennifer. Tell us everything. 8. These animals sleep during the day and are then act .........................during the night. 9. It must be very lone .............................. living on this mountain without any neighbors. 10. Betty is a very create ............................. little girl, always painting or drawing or something like that.

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2.- Complete the root word with the correct suffix to make an adjective. You can choose from "ous", "able", "ful" or "y". Sometimes you may have to add or remove a letter for the correct spelling. Then try using the adjective in the sentences in the second exercise. Exercise Part A 1.- danger……. 2.-comfort……. 3.-fam……. 4.-sun……. 5.-pain……. 6.- wind……. 7.- enjoy……. 8.- suit……. 9.- help……. 10.- use……. Exercise Part B Now try to fill in the blanks with a suitable word from those above.

1. It can be ..................... to cross the train line so be very careful. 2. I really like this sofa. It's extremely ………………………… 3. Beckham is probably one of the most ........................ football players in Britain. 4. We have decided to have our lessons in the garden as it was a lovely ........................ day. 5. John's toothache was quite ............................. and he had to go to the dentist. 6. Let's go sailing! It's a perfect day for it, the sun is shining and it's not too……………….. 7. This is a really… .................................... book. I'm sure you will like it too. 8. This film really isn't very ..................................... for children under 10. There is far too much violence. 9. The shop assistant was so .....................................that I'll go there again. He gave me a lot of information. 10. It's really ............................. to be able to speak another language.

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SUFFIX CHANGE UP Suffix

Meaning

-ing, -ed

-ing: happening now (singing) -ed: in the past(walked)

-s, -es -er, -est

plural word: more than one (dogs, boxes) -er: more(older, higher) -est: most (oldest, highest)

-ful, -less

-ful: a lot (careful, hopeful) -less: none (careless, hopeless)

EXERCISE 3 PART A Select the correct option.

1. Shellie was glad to find out that if the new pants didn’t fit Christian, then her purchase would be . A) penniless B) refundable C) worthless D) repairable 2. Pedro got stage fright. He stood perfectly still when it was his turn to give his speech. Which word describes how he stood? A) motionless B) laughable C) detachable D) breathless 3. The main character in the movie made people giggle. This movie can be described as . A) effortless B) imaginable C) fearless D) laughable 4. Fred can carry his laptop computer anywhere he goes. What is it? A) timeless B) portable C) imaginable D) worthless 5. Which word describes a person who is worthy of getting an award for saving another person’s life? A) worthless B) renewable C) honorable D) reckless 6. What do you call someone who does crazy things and takes risks without worrying about safety? A) effortless B) reckless C) renewable D) repairable 7. Mechanic Miguel said that the brakes could be fixed. What are they? A) worthless B) effortless C) repairable D) laughable 8. What type of effort is it when you try really hard time and time again until you succeed? A) washable B) detachable C) tireless D) repairable

EXERCISE 3 PART B

Suffixes ( - ful or - less )

Complete the words. 1. How could you be so care ........................... as to lose your wallet? 2. The weather was beauti .................... so we went for a walk. 3. Yesterday we had a wonder ..................... dinner at a Spanish restaurant. 4. I am going to give some clothes to the home………………... 5. That little boy is absolutely fear… ......................... ! He isn't afraid of anything. 6. Thank you so much! You were really help ............................ to me. 7. That man is completely friend…....................He hasn't got any friends at all. 8. This is a very peace ........................... town. You would like to live here.

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EXERCISE 4

Complete the noun with the correct suffix 1.- We organized a number of fun activ 2.- The develop

for the children.

of mobile phone networks in many poor countries has benefitted their economies.

3.- Member

of the club is open to all residents.

4.-The charity aims to reduce suffer 5.- Continuing violen

after natural disasters by providing food and medicines.

in the south of the country has slowed development.

6.-Male elephants will sometimes show aggress 7.-Increasing hostil

towards human beings.

between the two countries has led to a reduction in trade and tourism.

8.-The defendant claimed he was suffering from depress 9.-Research

at the time of the attack.

at the institute now think they have discovered a link between diet and depression.

10.- You must keep completely still as even the slightest move 11.-There is absolutely no eviden 12.-This kind of anti-social behav 13.-The publi

will frighten the animals away.

that my government has been involved in the sale of arms to terrorists. will not be tolerated!

date of the new dictionary is not yet known.

14.- There has been a marked reduc

in the number of armed robberies over the past two years.

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D.- WRITING  

Read the article and write an essay on the following topic: cities are getting bigger and more crowded. Discuss the problems this causes and suggest what can be done to improve living conditions in large cities. Use the suffixes already seen in this lesson. (120 –150 words)

 

E.- SPEAKING

Students will select the suffixes already seen in this lesson and mention punctual descriptions about students’ experience facing the new modality of classes since the beginning of the pandemic situation. Note: Students will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session.

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F.LISTENING

 

Listen to the following audio and write down all the words that contain suffixes. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

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57

UNIT 4

Whathad you done?

A.-READING

Past Perfect

Lesson

4A

WHAT HAD THEY DONE?

 Answer the following questions. 

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B. VOCABULARY

 

Genre: a type or category of music. Match the phrases with the correct definitions.

1.- A musical style from the American South, known for its quick tempos and elaborate vocals, often showing off instruments such as the fiddle, banjo, mandolin, guitar, and bass

……work songs ……marches ……lullabies …...spirituals …...bluegrass …...patriotic …...popular …...blues …...game songs …...folk songs …...country ……rock ……rap

C. GRAMMAR

2.- A kind of American music that came from spirituals and work songs of African-American people 3.- Popular American music using dance rhythms, simple form, and down-to-earth lyrics 4.- Songs created by a particular group of people 5.- Songs written or used to accompany a game 6.- Songs written to help children go to sleep 7.- Usually patriotic pieces that are performed by a band and often are performed while marching 8.- Songs written to inspire love for one’s country 9.- Music that is well-known and liked by a particular group at a particular time 10.- A style of popular music that started in the late 1970s and that uses rhyming lyrics spoken or half-sung in a syncopated style over a rhythmic accompaniment 11.- Popular music of the ’50s and ’60s 12.- American folk hymns often linked to the slaves of the 19th century 13.- Songs written to make work easier and to lift the spirits of the workers

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EXERCISES   1. Select the best option. 1. I looked in the letter box yesterday and the letter still didn't arrive hadn't arrived

.

2. When I closed the door, I realized that I _ my keys inside. Left 'd left 3. She looked really sad but I didn't know what . Happened 'd happened 4.- When she

5.-

_ on the course, she had never studied a foreign language before. Enrolled 'd enrolled

when you rang the doorbell? Did Sai already leave Had Sai already left

6.- By the time I moved in, they

the building work. Finished 'd finished

7.- This is the oldest building in the town. It over 200 years ago. was built 'd been built EXERCISE 2 Mark is telling his sister Eve about his friend's garden party. Use the words from the box to complete their conversation. (Use Past Perfect)

Eve: Did you enjoy the party? Mark: Not at all. I ........................................................ to such a party before. It was a disaster. Eve: A disaster? Mark: Exactly. When I arrived at the party, they ............................... all the sausages. There was nothing to eat. Eve............................................... enough sausages for everyone? Mark: No, they hadn't. The house was full of people I ............................................ before. Eve: So you were hungry all afternoon. Mark: I was pretty hungry. I .................................................... anything before I left home. Eve: Did you dance? Mark: No, I didn't. There was a DJ at the party, but after he ..................................... a couple of songs, he disappeared. Eve: What did you do then?

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Mark: Fortunately, they .................................... all the wine before I came. I had two or three glasses of red wine and went home. Eve: Mark? You told me you.................................anything to eat. You must have got drunk! Mark: To tell the truth, when I ........................................ the third glass, I felt a little bit dizzy. But I am all right now. Am I not?  

EXERCISE 3

Complete the sentences with expressions in brackets. 1.- He couldn't go skiing, because it ...................................... the night before. (rain) 2. off the lights before you left home? (you - switch) 3.- The plane crashed because the engines .......................................... fire. (catch) 4.- After Sam.............................the bank, he got into his car. (leave) 5.- When he arrived at the office, everyone .................................. gone. (be) 6. .................................................... anything to eat before you fed him? (the dog - have) 7.- By the time Joseph returned home Sarah ........................... to get in touch with him several times. (try) 8.- Why ........................................... me before you refused their offer? (you - call) 9.- I was so sad because Jill .................................................... somewhere in Spain. (disappear) 10.- What ....................................................with the computer before you called the technician? (you - do) EXERCISE 4

Complete using the Past Perfect Simple. 1.- We ate cherries from the tree that my grandfather …………………….(plant) many years before. 2.- When we arrived, the show ................................................ (start/already) . 3.- We went to a place where I………………………………… (be/never) before. 4.- The teacher wanted to know whether we ………………………………………(read) the book. 5.- Yesterday I met a friend that I …………………………………..(see/not) for ages. 6.- (your husband/make/dinner)… ...................................... when you got home? 7.- (Lisa/finish/her homework)… ................................... when she went out with her friends? 8.- (you/have/breakfast)… ................................... when you started to work? 8.- (What/he/do)… ..................................... that made you so upset with him the other day? 9.- (she/move/to London/already)… ........................................... when she met her boyfriend?

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D.- WRITING In this section, you will develop the following writing prompt of (120 – 150 words). Write a love story. You need to Use the past perfect. In your story you need to explain about what they did and what they had done.

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..  ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

E. SPEAKING Students will discuss about the following question using past perfect.

F. LISTENING Listen and complete each sentence or question with the past perfect tense. Some are negative.

1. It was obvious that he __ a mistake. 2. She said she __ _ all night. 3. They __ in California for six years before they realized their mistake in moving there. 4. Jim never such a large fish before. 5. Alice wanted everyone to try the dessert she for the party. 6. It seemed as though I __ _ her somewhere else. 7. My teacher admitted that he _ about the assignment. 8. They weren’t certain if the test successful. 9. We would have bought the furniture if it a little less. 10. Many children died because they __ .

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What did you do yesterday? Lesson Simple Past 4B

UNIT 4 A. VIDEO

Listen to the following audio and answer the following questions. Then, you will see this video and check your answer if they are correct . Link: https://youtu.be/8HWwO3Ybwu4

1. Which event was Anne invited?

a. A party b. A wedding c. A job interview 2. Why did she change her tights?

a. She had a hole in her tights. b. She had many tights. c. She bought new tights. 3. How did she get to the party?

a. By bike b. By car c. By motorcycle 4. Why did Anne´s car run out of petrol?

a. She bought a new car b. Her car is expensive c. Her son used the car the day before 5. When did she lend the car to her son?

a. yesterday b. one month ago c. Two days ago

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B.VOCABULARY Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 10 next to the letters ALJ. 1. Disappointed 2. lend 3. pour 4. one-way road 5. bearings 6. tights 7. disappointed 8. Tire 9. Gauge 10. Handbag A… .... to give something to someone for a period of time. B… .. you can only drive on it in one direction. C… ... related to or marked by disappointment. D… .... to flow, as from one container to another, or into, over, or on something. E ....... to calculate an amount, especially by using a measuring device F… ... a bag carried by a woman with her money, keys, etc. inside G… sad because something is not as good as you expected, or because something did not happen. H….... a thick, round piece of rubber filled with air that fits around a wheel I… ..... location, place on a map J… ..... a piece of women’s clothing made of very thin material that covers the legs and bottom

C. GRAMMAR Simple Past Examples: First I read a book, then I went to bed yesterday evening. Last week I came to a church and then I took the road right.

Simple Past describes an action started and finished at a specific time in the st Simple Past – regular verbs

Regular verbs make their past tense by adding -d, -ed, or (if the verb ends in a consonant + y), changing the y to i and adding -ed. Special notes: Verb ending...

-e

-baked

add ...

Add -d

consonant + y Change 'y' to i and add -ed

Examples

live - lived bake carry

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-carried 1 vowel + 1 consonant

cry -cried Double consonant and add -ed

stop - stopped

Simple Past L irregular verbs

Examples: Simple Past tense irregular verbs: Present L Past

begin -began break -broke come - came drink - drank fall - fell forget - forgot get - got speak -spoke

Simple Past – Signal Words.

Signal words: ago, in 2011 ..., in 1999 ..., last month, last week, last year, yesterday, at 5 o´clock. Examples Simple Past signal words

I ate oranges last year. We went to school everyday in 1999. He took his dog for a walk a month ago.

Simple Past L questions 'did' + subject + infinitive

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Examples: Simple Past questions. I ate apple in 2005. Did I eat apples in 2005?

We went to London last week. Did we go to London last week? He took his dog for a walk last week. Did he take his dog for a walk last week?

Simple Past Questions with was and were Examples:

She was in London. Was she in London? They were at the station. Were they at the station?

Simple Past Negative

Long form: I did not go. Short form: I didn't go. Simple Past L 'to be' negative form Examples:

I knew Covent Garden?

I didn't know Covent Garden.

We went to school every day. We didn't go to school every day. He didn't take his dog for a walk. He took his dog for a walk.

1. In the following exercise, complete the sentences conjugating the verbs in parenthesis in past tense.

1. She speaks Spanish. (simple present) She _ _ Spanish. (simple past) 2. We buy oranges. (simple present) We __ oranges. (simple past) 3. We have many cars. (simple present) We ___ _ many cars. (simple past) 4. We break the windows. (simple present)We _ the windows. (simple past) 5. He plays with Miguel. (simple present)He _____ to Miguel. (simple past) 6. They ______ to Scotland. (to travel) 7. He ________ at the weekends. (to sleep) 8. Juan ___________ a flat in Edinburgh. (to sell) 9. Luis __________ a gift. (buy) 10. Ben __________ his bike. (to sell) 11. We __________ a baseball game . (to watch ) 12. He _ ____________ his new house. (to hate ) 13. The shops ___________ at nine o'clock in the morning. (to open) 14. Maria ___________ the cake. (to buy)

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15. Emilio_ 16. First I _

_ a piece of cake (to sell) _a book , then I an apple. (to read/to eat)

2. Mention which sentences are the correct and select the best answer. 1. Which sentence is in the Simple past ?

a. She buy a phone. b. She buys a phone. c. She bought a phone. 2. Which negative sentence is in the Simple past tense?

a. He didn’t play guitar b. He did’nt play guitar c. They don’t play guitar. 3. Which negative sentence is in the Simple past tense?

a. He learnt not Spanish. b. He not learnt Spanish. c. He did not learn Spanish. 4. Which question is in the Simple past?

a. Did you met him? b. Did you meet him? c. Have you met him? 5. Which question is in the Simple Past?

a. How did Frank sell the car? b. How sold Frank the car? c. How did Frank sold the car? 6. In which sentence is the Simple Past used correctly?

a. The living room were big b. The living room was very big c. The living room has been very big 7. In which sentence is the Simple Past used correctly?

a. Daniel bring his keys. b. Daniel brought his keys. c. Daniel broughts his keys.

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3. Put the following sentences into Past tense.

a. I write a long history

…………………………………………………………………

b. Paul plays with video games

…………………………………………………………………

c. She will buy a new car

…………………………………………………………………

d. Maria has played many instruments

…………………………………………………………………

e. Joseph gave a photo to his mother yesterday ………………………………………………………………… f. Frank had eaten all his food already

………………………………………………………………

g. Marcos jumps over the big rope

…………………………………………………………………

h. They behave in a bad manner

…………………………………………………………………

i. My grandparents work very hard

…………………………………………………………………

j. Jesus Christ prays every single day for the mankind ………………………………………………………

4. Fill in the blanks with a verb from the box in the Simple Past tense.

Sit-lose-take-borrow-injure-eat-rent-throw-forget-buy 1. She ........................a car an hour ago. 2. She ........................a hat last week. 3. The boy ........................ a ball to the window yesterday. 4. They .......................... a yacht for an hour. 5. They ........................ a lot of meat last night. 6. She ...................... her body last week. 7. Kathy………………a skirt from her sister to wear to the party. 8. She ……………the money and ran to the store. 9. They …………… their right to use the library because they were so loud. 10. The hummingbird…………… on a branch.

D. WRITING In this section, you will develop an essay from 120 to 150 words about the activities that you liked to do when you were a child. Use the past tense. Which activity did you like most? Did you experience a new way of playing?

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E. SPEAKING By using Flipgrid, Zoom, Loom or Screencast – o Matic. students will discuss how the pandemic has changed our perception of time, have you experienced more free time? In which activities have you used your time? Note: Students will give their personal opinions and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session. Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions.

F. LISTENING

3.

Listen to the following recording and answer the questions below. Link: https://www.esl-lab.com/intermediate/english-schools/ 1. Why is the guy calling? a. Find out information about the program b. Just to joke around c. find places to live

2. The guy is calling from.... a. a friend b. his parents c. his sister

4. What is I-20? a. permission for students to study in the program b. permission for students to study anywhere c. a special discount

What do students need to send to the center? a. a sponsorship form b. their high school transcript c. teacher recommendations

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Vacations

UNIT 4

Lesson

Past Perfect Vs. Simple Past

4C

A. READING Read the following story and answer the questions below.

Are the sentences True(T), False(F) or Not Giving Information(NG) in the text? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The author had a bad memory of his last summer holiday He goes to Nice every holiday He had a short holiday there. He spent the last day at the hotel. He only went to one museum on the first day.

_______ ______ _______ _______ _______

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B. VOCABULARY Match the phrases on the left with the definitions on the right. The tiles in the right-hand column are sortable ……..a reply 1.work with ……..buying and selling 2.work out ……..a teacher 3.work for ……..a task 4.work in …….. adult problems

5.work as

……..a high tech lab

6.work on

C. GRAMMAR 1. Fill in the gaps the following statements. Use past perfect or past simple.

a. My brother (have) ………………. an stomachache after he (eat)….. all the cake. b. Her mother (die)…………. last year but she (be)………… disabled in the last three years. c . Last night I (go)……. for a walk after I (finish) ……. my work. d. Lucy (refuse) ……….. the offer after they (interview) …… her twice. e. The teacher (not award)……. his student with a high mark because he (not work) ….. very hard. f. Henry (come)………. home from holidays and (discover)……… someone (break)…….. into his house. g. Laura (be) ….. furious with her son Tom because he (not do)….. his homework. h. When I (see) ……. him, he (be) ….. shaking because he (be) …. swimming. i. I (phone)………. the embassy to ask why my passport (arrive)……yet. j. Dinner (be)…………. wonderful, Donald (cook)……….. a mushroom risotto.

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2. Choose the past perfect or the past simple.

1. She had already left when Miguel _ _ (park) his car. 2. Last month Joseph ___ _ (fail) is final test. 3. When she ____________________ (arrive) to France she discovered she had forgotten her ID. 4. We went to the museum then We ____________________ (eat) some snacks. 5. She bought a new handbag and…………….. (spend) all her savings on clothing. 6. When Juan _ ______________________ (buy ) the ticket flight at the airport, the airplane had already taken off. 7. They got home to find that Marcie __________________________ (cook) a delicious pie. 8. We opened the door to find someone ________________________ (steal) all my videogames. 9. Kelly had known her boyfriend for 9 months when they (break up ). 10. Andrew was very disappointed to see that his sister ________ (bring) just one slice of pizza . 3. Complete the following sentences .

1. After I had eaten a lot of food, I …………………………………………………… 2. She finished the household chores after …………………………………………………………… 3. When He left home, his brother ……………… already …………………………………… 4. Before I woke up , ………………………………………………………………………..……… 5. We had picked him up before …………………………………………………………….. 4.

Supply a suitable Simple Past or Past perfect tense. 1. After Julio ……………..(to spend) his holiday in Spain he …… (to want) to learn Spanish. 2. She ………..(to phone) Mum at work before she ……….. (to leave) for her trip. 3. Daniel ……… (to turn on) the radio after he …………. (to wash) the dishes. 4. When she ……. (to arrive) the concert ….. already ……. (to start). 5. After the man …….. (to come) home he ……… (to feed) the dog. 6. Before she ….. (to sing) a song she ……. (to play) the guitar. 7. Chyna …… (to watch) a video after her husband ……. (to go) to work. 8. After Miguel ….. (to make) breakfast he ….. (to phone) his parents. 9. I …… (to be) very tired because I -……..(to study) too much. 10. We ……….. (to ride) our bikes before we ……. (to meet) our children.

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D. WRITING

In this section, you will develop an essay from 120 to 150 words in which you mention places o cities you had visited in the past but you didn’t find interesting anymore. Why did visit these places? what did you eat there? With whom did you travel? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. SPEAKING By using Flipgrid, Loom, Zoom or Screencast – o Matic, give your personal opinion about the social movement Black Lives Matter. How did “Black Lives Matter” protest begin? What are the goals of “Black Lives Matter”? Also, mention if USA had suffered something like this before. Note: Students will give their personal opinions and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session. Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions .

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F. LISTENING Listen to the following audio about “Where did the moon come from?”. Then, write True or False the sentences. Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/16hQb3ovqwli3k0oqLye5PYHM1m__JCs/view?usp=sharing a. 8 billions years ago, the Earth had no moon. (

)

b. A large amount of molten rocks was sent into orbit (

)

c. The narrator is amazed by the origin of the moon (

)

d. At earliest days ,the Earth was assaulted by rocks and comets (

)

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UNIT 5

My experiences Third Conditional

Lesson

5A

A. VIDEO Click on the following video and answer the following question: What would have happened if Germany had won World War 2? Answer in the box below. YouTube link: https://youtu.be/b4_PCq_SMcM

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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B. VOCABULARY Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 10 next to the letters A-J. 1. resentment 2. unleash 3. expel 4. anti-Semitism 5. optimism 6. fascism 7. retribution 8. naive 9. defeat 10. aftermath a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

the period that follows an unpleasant event or accident, and the effects that it causes a feeling of anger about an unfair situation to win against someone in a fight or competition to suddenly release a violent force that cannot be controlled when someone believes things too easily and do not have enough experience of the world. deserved and severe punishment to make someone leave a school, organization, or country the strong dislike or cruel and unfair treatment of Jewish people a political system based on a very powerful leader, state control, and being extremely proud of country and race, and in which political opposition is not allowed. j. the belief that good things will happen

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C. GRAMMAR We use the third conditional (if + past perfect, would/should/could/might + have + past participle) to talk about something in the past that did not happen. ❖ This is the way we imagine how things could have been different in the past. If something had been different, something else would have happened. Notice that both the condition and the result are impossible now. If I’d known, I would have worn something nicer. In this case, Amy didn’t know about the party, so she didn’t wear special clothes. If I’d won the lottery, I might have gone on holiday. ❖

The next clause is imagining the result in the past, which didn’t happen, of course. The if clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. I definitely would’ve remembered if you’d told me! ❖ We can use negatives to talk about things that did happen in the past. He wouldn’t have missed the bus if he hadn’t overslept. ❖ When you’re using this kind of conditional be careful with the contractions. We use 'd for would and had. If I’d seen him, I’d have asked him to come over. (had, would). ❖ Apart from would, we also use could or might. If they’d told me, I might have been able to help. If she’d seen the car, she could have avoided the accident. ❖ We often use the third conditional to express regret or to complain about something. It would’ve been even better if Alfie hadn’t ruined it! If I’d known about the third conditional before, I wouldn’t have failed my English test!

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1. Rewrite the sentences and use the third conditional. Keep the same meaning. Example: My car was out of order. I did not drive her there. Answer: If my car had not been out of order, I would have driven her there. a. He did not give me his keys. I could not drive his car. b. She was at the hospital. She could not travel to USA. c. He didn’t have an umbrella, so he got wet. d. You are so nervous because you drink too much coffee. e. I didn’t tell you because you didn’t ask me. f. I lost my watch and, as a result, we missed our plane when we went on holidays. g. You introduced her to me some months ago, that’s why we became friends. h. You missed the party . You didn’t meet my friends. i.

As I haven’t got money, I can’t buy a new car.

j.

I didn’t buy the dress because I didn’t have my credit card with me.

2. Select the correct form. a. If you hadn’t been late, we ………………the bus. wouldn't have missed wouldn't had missed b. If she had studied, she…………… the exam. would have passed would had passed c. If we had arrived earlier, we ……………..John. would have seen would have see d. If they had gone to bed early, they ………….. late. wouldn't have woken up wouldn't had woken up e. If he had become a musician, he…………… a CD. would have recorded would had record

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f. If she had gone to art school, she…………. a painter. would have become would have became g. If I had been born in a different country, I ……….to speak a different language. would have learnt would had learnt h. If she had gone to university, she…………. French. would have studied would had studied i.

If we hadn’t gone to the party, we…………… them. wouldn't have met wouldn't have meet

j.

If he had taken the job, he……………. travelling. wouldn't have gone wouldn't have went

3. a) b) c)

Put in the correct third conditional verb form: He ______________ (be) happier if he ______________ (stay) at home. She ______________ (pass) the exam if she ______________ (study) harder. We ______________ (not / get) married if we ______________ (not / go) to the same university. They ______________ (be) late if they ______________ (not / take) a taxi. She ______________ (not / meet) him if she ______________ (not / come) to London. He ______________ (take) a taxi if he ______________ (have) enough money. I ______________ (call) you if I ______________ (not / forget) my phone. We ______________ (come) if we ______________ (be) invited. She ______________ (not / do) it if she ______________ (know) you were ill. He ______________ (be) on time if he ______________ (leave) earlier.

d) e) f) g) h) i) j)

4. Match the two sentence halves and write a -g next to the numbers 1-7. 1…….. If she had studied, a. we wouldn't have missed the plane. 2…….. If I hadn't eaten so much, b. if he had left the house at nine 3…….. If we had taken a taxi, c. if she had gone to university. 4…….. She wouldn't have been tired d. if she had gone to bed earlier. 5..He would have been on time for interview e. I wouldn't have felt sick. 6…….. She would have become a teacher f. they wouldn't have had many problems. 7…….. If they’d taken my advice, g. she would have passed the exam.

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D. WRITING

In this section, you will develop the following writing prompt of (120 – 150 words). If you had been born with motor disability, how would your life have been different? Write all the necessary details to justify it. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. SPEAKING

By using Flipgrid, Zoom, Loom or Screencast – o Matic, students will discuss the following prompt:

“What would have been different about your childhood if you had grown up in a wealthy family” Note: Students will give their personal opinions with the correspondent reasons and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session. Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions.

Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions below. LINK: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T80nUdYgboXcCpfDiOmE7V1A3GBAKsl6/view?usp=sharing

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1. What time did she tell people to come? a) Three hours later b) Now c) Four hours later 2. For whom did they organize the surprise party? a) Amy b) Ollie c) Daisy 3. What did Amy bring for the party? a) Nothing b) A teddy bear c) A cake 4. When exactly was Amy´s birthday? a) Two days ago b) yesterday c) tomorrow 5. Who ruined the surprise party? a) Daisy b) Ollie c) Alfie

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UNIT 5

A new generation Third Conditional – Part 2

Lesson

5B

A. READING Read the following article and respond the questions below. THE IF GENERATION Nowadays, many people have issues with appreciating what they have; it is always the matter of ‘If I were richer…’, ‘If I were younger…’, ‘If I were him…’ etc. I don’t have a problem with the fact that we want more from our lives; what annoys me is the fact that we keep saying what we would do ‘IF’ … When I was younger, I thought that if my parents had been richer I could have been more fortunate with my life. I was losing my time on thinking that if I had been born in the family of my cousin, I would have enjoyed private tennis lessons, skiing holidays in Austria or expensive, fashionable clothes. What I didn’t take into consideration back then was the fact that I didn’t really like sport, I absolutely hated skiing and expensive clothes often covered the lack of personality. In other words, I was jealous of the things that I didn’t want in reality. Nowadays I keep finding myself the new ‘ifs’ that can successfully keep me away from being happy. I think that if I had more time, I would start going to the gym; if I had more money, I would eat healthy etc. Result? An overweight 30-year-old woman, always complaining about how difficult life is. But the problem of ‘ifs’ doesn’t finish here. We tend to overuse the 1st conditional in quite straightforward situations. ‘I’ll visit you if I have time’ usually means ‘I won’t visit you, I’m busy’ or ‘I will lend you the money if I can’ equals: ‘I will not lend you the money, don’t put me in an uncomfortable situation’. Why do we choose to send confusing messages when we can simply say what we think? We have to be not only politically correct anymore, we must be socially correct too. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE TEXT Answer Yes or No: 1. Is the author trying to persuade the readers to appreciate their lives? Yes/No 2. Does the author regret not being able to enjoy skiing holidays in Austria? Yes/No 3. Does the author think she lacked of personality? Yes/No 4. Is the author unhappy with her current life? Yes/No 5. Is the author trying to persuade the readers to be socially correct? Yes/No Answer the questions in your own words: 1. What does the author criticize about her own life? 2. What is the author’s opinion about the use of the 1st conditional? 3. What does the author mean when she says that we have to be not only politically correct anymore?

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What do you think? 1. Why do many people have issues with appreciating what they have? 2. Why do we choose to send confusing messages when we can simply say what we think ?

B. VOCABULARY Match the words with the meanings: A. appreciate

to understand how good something or someone is

B. expensive easy to do or understand C. complain working hard D. busy upset and angry because someone you love seems to like another person E. annoy costing a lot of money F. straightforward

G. jealous

to say that something is wrong or that you are angry about something to make someone a little angry

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C. GRAMMAR 1. Now, complete the sentences with the words from the vocabulary, and identify the tense of them: He wouldn’t

He was

an expensive wine.

of any new friendships his wife developed with men. guy; he always says what he thinks.

David is a

People who jump the queue Please don't bother me. I'm My father The price is

me.

doing my taxes. about my behavior . I don’t want to buy it!

2. Complete the sentences below by making third conditional statements. Use your imagination! 1. If I had spoken with her, 2. If Elly had sold her bike, 3. If Mrs. Kert hadn’t bought the dog, 4. If she hadn’t stolen my key, 5. , you might have gotten injured. 6. , he could have been a teacher. 7. , Torry would have travelled a lot. 8. , we might have been in China. 9. If I hadn’t kissed her, 10. If I hadn´t taken a shower yesterday, 11. If she hadn´t played videogames too much, 12. If the policeman had arrested her,

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3. Complete the conversation. Put in the correct form of the verb. Use the Past Perfect or would have. Rose: Emelec didn’t play very well today. Mickey: We were a disaster. But if Michael (�) ...............(score) at least twice, (�) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (we / defeat) the other team. Rose: Barcelona didn’t deserve to lose. It (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . (be) pretty unfair if referee (2) (blow)………………. the whistle declaring a foul in favor of the opposing team. Mickey: Michael played terribly. I (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (send on) a substitute to replace him if (4) I ........................................ ( be) the coach. Rose: And if I (5) ........................................................................................... (not / drink) all day long, I (6) .................................................................... (not / give) a goal away. Mickey: If Ballack (7) ....................................................................... (not / be) suspended when we needed him most, (8) we ......................................................................... (have) a different score . Rose: Yes, (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (we / defeat) them if (10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (he / be) available. 1. Comment on each situation using a third conditional with If. Use would have, could have, or might have. Examples: -

In a bookshop yesterday Daniel saw a book he really wanted. The only problem was that he didn’t have any money. Daniel would have bought the book if he had had any money

-

Rita often goes to concerts at the town hall, although not to every one. There was one on Saturday, but she didn’t know about it. Rita might have gone to the concert if she had known about it. 1 On Monday my mother had to have their zoom video call with my brother. Unfortunately I didn´t have a good wi fi connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................... 2 There was a airplane crash last Friday. Susan wanted to fly to Prague, but she wasn’t able to. The airport was closed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. 3 Luis has only bought two tickets for the concert, and it’s possible he wouldn’t invite her girlfriend. He called her yesterday, but she was too busy to pick up the phone. . . . . . . .......................... ..................... ............................ 4 Miguel has been quite busy, and he hasn’t prepared for the exam. As a result, he’s failed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................... ..................... 5 Danny and his girlfriend play soccer, but he didn’t have tickets to the game last month, so unfortunately he wasn’t able to invite her to the game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ ........................................ ..........................

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D. WRITING In this section, you will develop the following writing prompt of (120 – 150 words). If you had been a famous actor/actress, how would your friends have behaved with you? Write all the necessary details to justify it. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. SPEAKING By using Flipgrid, Loom, Zoom Or Screencast – o Matic., students will discuss the following prompt: “What would have been different about the economic situation in Ecuador if national currency had never changed to dollar.” Note: Students will give their personal opinions with the correspondent reasons and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session.

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F. LISTENING Listen to following song and fill in blanks with correct words. LINK: https://youtu.be/ARt9HV9T0w8 At first, I ………………., I was petrified. I kept thinking I could never live without you by my side. But then I ………………….. Just thinking how you did me wrong. And I grew strong. I learned how to get along. So, now you're back From outer space. I just ………………… Without that look upon your face. I …………….. changed That stupid lock. I ………….. you leave your key, If I had known For just one second You'd be back to bother me. Oh, now go, Walk out the door. Just turn around now. You're not ………………... Weren't you the one Who tried to break me with desire? Did you think I'd crumble? Did you ………………..and die? Oh, no, not I. I will survive. As long as I know how to love, I know I'll be alive. I've got all my life to live. I've got all my love to give. I will survive. I will survive. Yeah, yeah. It took all the strength I had Just not to fall apart. I'm trying……………………. Of my broken heart. And I spent so many nights Just feeling sorry for myself. I used to cry. But now, I hold my head up high.

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Ancient civilizations

UNIT 5

Lesson

Used to

5C

A. VIDEO

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhDY4KJuvc0 Indus Valley Civilization Facts - History of Ancient India. Watch the video and answer the following questions: 1. How many years ago did a group of nomads enter Northwest India?

2. What present –day country is Sumeria now?

3. Which specific activity proved that the level of urban planning and architecture prevalent there was incomparable ? 4. What is the meaning of The name Mohenjo-Daro ?

5. When was the city Mohenjo-Daro built?

6. When was the city Mohenjo-Daro abandoned?

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B. VOCABULARY Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write 1 – 8 next to the letters A-H. 1. To settle 2. nomad 3. bank 4. fodder 5. Civilization 6. Brick 7. Mud 8. fertile a. the way that people live together, with laws to control their behaviour, education, and a government b. a member of a group of people who move from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time c. the land along the side of a river d. to start living somewhere that you are going to live for a long time e. food for farm animals. f. a hard, rectangular block used for building walls g. wet soil h. good for growing crops or plants

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C. GRAMMAR USED TO 1. When to use “used to” The verb used to is a ‘marginal’ modal verb. Unlike the other modal verbs, it is only found in the past tense. Therefore, when it is used with do to make negatives and questions, the form of the auxiliary verb is always did. Used to is used as follows: – to describe an activity or a state that happened many times in the past. •

Gerry always used to go for a run before breakfast.

•

Peter didn’t use to say things like that when I knew him.

•

to refer to an activity or state that was true in the past but is no longer true.

•

I used to like rock climbing when I was younger.

•

You didn’t use to be so stressed!

There are two forms for a negative: 1) did not/didn’t use to. •

We didn’t use to have central heating when I was a child.

•

Alan didn’t use to like children, but it’s different now he has his own.

2) used not/usedn’t to. •

I used not to be able to watch myself on TV at all.

•

We used not to worry much about money.

•

Things usedn’t to be so bad.

2. Structure o Positive statement: Used to + infinitive o Negative statement: Didn’t + use to + infinitive

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In negatives, the form with did is used the most. The common contracted negative form is didn’t use to. The rarer contracted negative form is usedn’t to. o Questions: did + subject + use to + infinitive e.g. did he use to…? o Did they use to visit you often? – Well, Mary used to. 1. Choose the correct option to complete

each

sentence. 100 years ago 1. … people used to / didn’t use to buy their own clothes. 2. … people used to / didn’t use to have cars. 3. … people used to / didn’t use to read the newspaper. 4. … people used to / didn’t use to listen music on the radio 5. … people used to / didn’t use to have bikes. 6. … people used to / didn’t use to settle everywhere. 2. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.

1.I ……….live in a flat when I was a child. a) Used to

b) use to

c) didn´t use to

2. She……….love chocolate, but now she hates it a) Used to

b) use to

c) didn´t use to

3.I ………… play tennis when I was at school a) Used to

b) use to

c) didn´t use to

4.They both ……… have short hair a) Used to

b) use to

c) didn´t use to

5.I ………… to hate school a) Used to

b) use to

c) didn´t use to

3. Complete the sentences with used to or didn’t use to

1I 2I 3I 4I 5I 6I 7I

watch TV, but I do now. drive a car, but I don’t any more. buy pets, but I don’t any more. enjoy working out, but I do now. fight with my brother, but I am now. listen to the radio, but I’m not anymore. drive a car, but I do now.

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4. If it’s possible, make a sentence with ‘would + infinitive’. If it’s not possible, use ‘used to + infinitive’:

1. I / listen to rock music when I was a teenager. 2. I / travel to the same city for holidays when I was single. 3. He / hate playing videogames after he hurt her fingers. 4. They / read 2 books every morning before breakfast. 5. I / always eat two apples when I watched Tv with my mother. 6. You / try to sing very well. 7. My grandmother / eat a piece of cake after dinner every night. 8. Luis / not buy a house. 9. He / visit Spain. 10. My friends / sometimes eat at the same restaurant for the weekend when I was young.

D. WRITING Write a composition from 120 to 150 words, explaining what subjects you studied as a teenager in the high school and how you behaved with your teachers, which grades you got. Use the form “used to”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………

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E. SPEAKING By using Flipgrid, Zoom, Loom, Screencast – o Matic, students will discuss about: “Programs you used to watch when you were a child but not anymore.” Note: Students will discuss between each other and will have 5 minutes to perform this activity on live – synchronous session. Note 2: One person can be the moderator in order to ask the questions.

F. LISTENING While listening answer the following - True or false? LINK: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jI9sRUN2ldIZ2LHPWuwbUyMWZI65RJ7c/view?usp=sharing 1. Are the four different animals from South America? True

False

2. Are vicuñas and guanacos domesticated animals? True

False

3.Are Llamas and alpacas wild animals? True

False

4. Were Llamas used to carry things in the past? True

False

5. Are Llamas very sociable animals? True

False

6. are Vicuñas wild?. True

False

7. Do Vicuñas eat cacti? True

False

8. Can Llamas and alpacas live in the UK? True

False

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➢ Video, E., 2020. Abused Dog Stares At Wall | ESL Video. [online] ESL Video.

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