(/$3$5$725(352'8&725'(/$*$7$ *HQHUDOLGDGHV/DJDWDDGLIHUHQFLDGHODSHUUDHVSROLpVWULFD
Views 46 Downloads 0 File size 55KB
(/$3$5$725(352'8&725'(/$*$7$
*HQHUDOLGDGHV/DJDWDDGLIHUHQFLDGHODSHUUDHVSROLpVWULFDHVWDFLRQDOHV
GHFLU TXH VL QR KD\ FySXOD FRQWLQXDUi PRVWUiQGRVH HQ FHOR D LQWHUYDORV
UHJXODUHVGHDGtDV GXUDQWHYDULRVPHVHVVHJ~QODUD]DHOPRPHQWRGHO
DxR\ODVFRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV
2WUD GLIHUHQFLD FRQ OD SHUUD HV TXH OD JDWD HV GH RYXODFLyQ LQGXFLGD R
SURYRFDGD 6L QR KD\ FySXOD QR KD\ RYXODFLyQ \ VL VH SURGXFH OD FySXOD OD
RYXODFLyQVHSURGXFHDODVKRUDV
2WURDVSHFWRLPSRUWDQWHDWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHHOFLFORVH[XDOGHODJDWD
QRSUHVHQWDHWDSDVWDQFODUDPHQWHGLIHUHQFLDGDVFRPRODSHUUDQLWDPSRFRKD\
KHPRUUDJLDHQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRV
/DV JDWDV DOFDQ]DQ OD PDGXUH] VH[XDO HQWUH ORV \ PHVHV
GHSHQGLHQGRGHODUD]D\HOPRPHQWRGHODxRHQTXHQDFLy
(QJHQHUDOODVJDWDVPXHVWUDQXQDLQFLGHQFLDHVWDFLRQDOUHSURGXFWLYDHQ
GRV SLFRV XQR HQ (QHUR )HEUHUR \ HO RWUR HQ 0D\R -XQLR (O FHOR DSDUHFH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGRVPHVHVDQWHV
/DYLGDUHSURGXFWLYDGHODJDWDHVGHDxRV\HOQ~PHURGHJDWLWRV
SRUFDPDGDRVFLODHQWUH\
$OLJXDOTXHODVSHUUDVHVPHMRUTXHODVJDWDVQRFRSXOHQHQHOSULPHU
FHOR\DTXHWRGDYtDQRHVWiQWRWDOPHQWHGHVDUUROODGDV
)DVHV GHO FLFOR VH[XDO GH OD JDWD (O FLFOR VH[XDO R FLFOR HVWUDO GH OD JDWD
FRQVWDGHFLQFRIDVHV
3URHVWUR (VWUR
0HWDHVWUR
'LHVWUR)DVHGHFRUWRSHULRGR'tDV
$QRHVWURPHVHV GH6HSWLHPEUHD(QHUR
3URHVWUR
7LHQHXQDGXUDFLyQGHGtDV1RKD\SpUGLGDVDQJXLQROHQWDOR
TXH GLILFXOWD HO SRGHU GHWHUPLQDU H[DFWDPHQWH HO PRPHQWR GH VX
LQLFLR
(VWUR
'XUDQRUPDOPHQWHHQWUHGtDVGtDVVLKD\FySXODGtDV
VLQRKD\FySXOD
6LQRVHSURGXFHODPRQWDODJDWDYROYHUiDHVWDIDVHSDVDGRXQ
SHULRGR TXH RVFLOD HQWUH \ GtDV (VWD VLWXDFLyQ VH SXHGH
UHSHWLUKDVWDXQDVFXDWURYHFHV
'XUDQWHHVWDHWDSDODJDWDHVWiLQTXLHWDPD~OODPXFKR\FRQXQ
VRQLGR HVSHFLDO VH ODPH GHDPEXOD OD YXOYD HVWi LQIODPDGD VH
IURWDODFDEH]DFRQWUDREMHWRVURQURQHDVHUHYXHOFDHQHOVXHOR
DJDFKD ODV SDWDV GHODQWHUDV \ FRORFD OD FROD GH ODGR 7LHQGH D
IXJDUVHGHFDVD
0HWDHVWUR 6L QR KD\ FySXOD GXUD GtDV KDVWD TXH YXHOYD D OD IDVH GH (VWUR 6L KD\ FySXOD VH TXHGD SUHxDGD \ VX GXUDFLyQ VH DODUJD
KDVWDHOILQDOGHODODFWDQFLD'HRWURPRGRSDVDGLUHFWDPHQWHD
'LHVWUR
ODIDVHGH$QRHVWUR
3HULRGR FRUWR GH LQDFWLYLGDG VH[XDO SDVDQGR DO 3URHVWUR 'XUD
XQDPHGLDGHGtDV
$QRHVWUR 6L QR VH SURGXFH OD FySXOD OD JDWD YXHOYH D VX HVWDGR QRUPDO 'XUDDVtGHWUHVDFXDWURPHVHV
GtDV
(OFLFORVH[XDOGHODJDWDGXUDHQWUHGtDVFRQXQDPHGLDGH
(ODSDUHDPLHQWRHQHOJDWR6LODTXHUHPRVKDFHUFULDUFXDOTXLHUPRPHQWRHV
EXHQR SDUD OD FySXOD VLHPSUH \ FXDQGR OD JDWD HVWp HQ FHOR \D TXH OD
RYXODFLyQVHSURGXFLUiHQWUHODVKRUDVSRVWHULRUHVDpVWD
(OPDFKRVHDFHUFDDODKHPEUD\IURWDVXFDUDVREUHODHVFiSXODKXHVR
SODQR JUDQGH \ WULDQJXODU VLWXDGR D DPERV ODGRV GHO WyUD[ \ HO FXHUSR GH OD
KHPEUD
(O MXHJR SUHOLPLQDU HV PX\ FRUWR \ DXQTXH HO SULPHU LQWHQWR GHO PDFKR
VXHOH VHU UHFKD]DGR HQVHJXLGD OD KHPEUD YXHOYH D DGRSWDU XQD DFWLWXG
SURYRFDWLYD
6HUHYXHOFDHQHOVXHOR
6HDJDFKD\HOHYDHOWHUFLRSRVWHULRU
*ROSHDHOVXHORFRQODVH[WUHPLGDGHVSRVWHULRUHV
6HSDUDODFRODKDFLDXQODGR
(OPDFKRPXHUGHDODKHPEUDSRUODSLHOGHOFXHOOR\ODPRQWDUiSLGDPHQWH
(Q HO PRPHQWR GH VHSDUDUVH OD KHPEUD HPLWH XQ PDXOOLGR GH GRORU H
LQWHQWDDUDxDUDOPDFKRHOFXDOWLHQHTXHVDOLUFRUULHQGR(VWHGRORUSDVDMHURVH
SURGXFH SRU OD HVSHFLDO PRUIRORJtD GHO DSDUDWR UHSURGXFWRU GHO PDFKR TXH
GHVJDUUDQ ODV SDUHGHV GH OD PDWUL] DO UHWLUDUVH \ SRU GHPiV DEVROXWDPHQWH
QHFHVDULR \D TXH DFW~D FRPR OD VHxDO ILVLROyJLFD TXH SRQH HQ PDUFKD HO
PHFDQLVPRGHODRYXODFLyQHQHORUJDQLVPRGHODKHPEUD
/DJDWDSXHGHVHUPRQWDGDGHDYHFHV\GHVSXpVUHKXVD(OPDFKROD
SXHGHHVWDUFXEULHQGRKDVWDFXDWURGtDV
/D 3VHXGRJHVWDFLyQ 'XUD XQRV GtDV \ SXHGH WHQHU OXJDU GHVSXpV GH
YDULDVFXEULFLRQHVLQIpUWLOHVRSRULQGXFFLyQDUWLILFLDOGHODRYXODFLyQ
/DJHVWDFLyQ'XUDHQWUH\GtDVQRUPDOPHQWH±GtDV
'XUDQWH HVWD pSRFD OD JDWD HVWi HVSHFLDOPHQWH OLJDGD D VX IDPLOLD
KXPDQD/DVTXHYLYHQHQOLEHUWDGQRVHDOHMDQPXFKR
(OGLDJQyVWLFRSRUSDOSDFLyQDEGRPLQDOVHREWHQGUiDODVFLQFRVHPDQDV
GH OD JHVWDFLyQ 6H QRWDQ HVIHUDV GXUDV \ XQ SRFR PiV JUDQGHV TXH ODV
DYHOODQDV
$OPLVPRWLHPSRORVSH]RQHVTXHQRUPDOPHQWHFDVLQRVREUHVDOHQGHOD
SLHOFRPRSXQWLWRVD]XODGRVHPSLH]DQDWRPDUXQFRORUURVDGRDHQGXUHFHUVH
\DOHYDQWDUVH
$SDUWLUGHODVHPDQDHPSLH]DDDXPHQWDUSRFRDSRFRHOWDPDxRGHO
YLHQWUH/RVFRVWDGRVGHODJDWDVHOOHQDQ\HODEGRPHQVHUHGRQGHD
0HGLDQWH OD HFRJUDItD VH SXHGH GLDJQRVWLFDU D SDUWLU GH ORV GtDV 3RU
SDOSDFLyQDORVGtDV
(O GLDJQyVWLFR FRQ UDGLRJUDItD VH XWLOL]D D SDUWLU GH ORV ± GtDV GH
JHVWDFLyQ TXH HV FXDQGR HPSLH]D HO SURFHVR GH RVLILFDFLyQ \ \D QR H[LVWH
ULHVJR GH PDOIRUPDFLRQHV IHWDOHV SDUD SRGHU HVWDEOHFHU HO Q~PHUR GH JDWLWRV
TXHQDFHUiQ
&XLGDGRV EiVLFRV GH OD JDWD JHVWDQWH /RV FXLGDGRV EiVLFRV GH OD JDWD
JHVWDQWHVRQVLPLODUHVDORVGHODSHUUDJHVWDQWHSRUWDQWRVyORUHPDUFDUHPRV
ORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHV
+D\ TXH LQFUHPHQWDU R SURFXUDUOH XQD GLHWD PiV QXWULWLYD (YLWDQGR QR REVWDQWH XQD VREUHDOLPHQWDFLyQ TXH SRGUtD GDU SUREOHPDV HQ HO
SDUWR
(VLPSUHVFLQGLEOHXQVXSOHPHQWRGHFDOFLR $JXD³DGOLELWXP´GLVSRQLEOHHQFXDOTXLHUPRPHQWR
3URFXUDUOH XQ OXJDU GH GHVFDQVR FyPRGR OLPSLR \ HVSDFLRVR GRQGH SXHGD HQ VX PRPHQWR DOEHUJDU OD FDPDGD 6H OH SXHGH SUHSDUDU
XQD FDMD GH FDUWyQ GXUR R XQ FDMyQ GRQGH OD JDWD WHQJD VXILFLHQWH
HVSDFLR SDUD DSR\DU OD HVSDOGD \ HVWLUDU ODV SDWDV FRQ XQ FRMtQ R
DOJXQRVWUDSRV
&RQVXOWDU DO YHWHULQDULR DQWHV GH DGPLQLVWUDU FXDOTXLHU WLSR GH PHGLFDFLyQ
(VLPSRUWDQWHGHVSDUDVLWDUDODPDGUHDQWHVGHODPRQWD
(OSDUWR/DVIDVHVGHOSDUWRVRQODVPLVPDVTXHHQODSHUUD
)DVH3URGUyPLFD
)DVHGH'LODWDFLyQ
)DVHGH([SXOVLyQ
)DVHGH6HFXQGLQL]DFLyQ
)DVH 3URGUyPLFD &XDQGR OOHJXH HO PRPHQWR HOOD VDOWDUi XQD YH] WUDV RWUD
GHQWURGHOQLGRHVFDUEDUiHQODDUHQDDPHQXGRVLQXWLOL]DUOD
$SUR[LPDGDPHQWH XQDV KRUDV DQWHV GH SDUWR VH SURGXFH XQD OLJHUD
GLVPLQXFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUDGHD&
)DVH GH 'LODWDFLyQ 6H REVHUYDQ ODV SULPHUDV FRQWUDFFLRQHV \ OD KHPEUD H[SXOVDHOWDSyQPXFRVR\XQOtTXLGRVLPLODUDODRULQDURPSHDJXDV $SDUWLU
GHHVWHPRPHQWRHOFDFKRUURGHEHUiQDFHUDQWHVGHKRUD
+DEUiTXHSUHRFXSDUVHVLODJDWDHVWiGXUDQWHXQDKRUDFRQWUD\pQGRVH\
QRVDOHQLQJ~QFDFKRUURFRPRWDPELpQVLWLHQHIOXMRFRQVDQJUH
)DVH GH H[SXOVLyQ (Q OD SHUUD \ OD JDWD ODV H[SXOVLRQHV VRQ UiSLGDV HQ LQWHUYDORVGH±PLQXWRV(QWRWDOHOSDUWRSXHGHGXUDUGHDKRUDV
/D JDWD VH HQFDUJDUi GHO FRUGyQ XPELOLFDO DO LJXDO TXH WRGRV ORV
FDUQtYRURV \GHODVPHPEUDQDVTXHHQYXHOYHQDORVSHTXHxRV/LPSLDQGRFRQ
OD OHQJXD DO JDWLWR UHFLpQ QDFLGR OH SURFXUD FDORU \ YD DFHUFiQGROR DO SH]yQ SDUDTXHHPSLHFHDPDPDU
)DVH GH 6HFXQGLQL]DFLyQ &RPR RFXUUH FRQ OD SHUUD JHVWDQWH OD JDWD VH HQFDUJDGHHOLPLQDUODVVHFXQGLQDVHQXQSHULRGRGHKRUDVFRPRPi[LPRDO
LJXDOTXHODSHUUDHOODWDPELpQVHODVFRPH/DGLVWRFLDHVSRFRIUHFXHQWHHQOD
JDWD
&RPSRUWDPLHQWR PDWHUQDO \ /DFWDQFLD &RQ OD JDWD KD\ PHQRV SUREOHPDV
TXH FRQ OD SHUUD 6L KD\ FDQLEDOLVPR HV PiV SUREDEOH TXH VH SURGX]FD HQ
RWRxRFXDQGRODYLDELOLGDGGHORVJDWLWRVHVPHQRUSRUODHVFDVH]GHDOLPHQWR\
IUtRUHPLQLVFHQFLDGHLQVWLQWRVVDOYDMHV
$OLJXDOTXHSDVDEDFRQODSHUUD\GHKHFKRFRQWRGRVORVPDPtIHURVORV
JDWLWRV WLHQHQ TXH WRPDU HO FDORVWUR SDUD HVWDU SURWHJLGRV GH HQIHUPHGDGHV
GXUDQWHODVSULPHUDVVHPDQDVGHYLGD
/D PDGUH SUHVHQWD OD ]RQD DEGRPLQDO D ODV FUtDV ODPH VXV FDEH]DV
GHVGH HO FRJRWH KDVWD HO KRFLFR 'HVSXpV YD UHWLUDQGR OD FDEH]D KDFLD VX
DEGRPHQ /D FUtD WLHQH WHQGHQFLD D VHJXLUOD $ SHVDU GH HVWD HVWLPXODFLyQ
WiFWLO VRQ PiV LPSRUWDQWHV ORV HVWtPXORV ROIDWRULRV VDOLYD SURSLD VDOLYD GH OD
PDGUH OtTXLGR DPQLyWLFR HO TXH HVWi GHQWUR GH OD EROVD IHWDO (O JDWLWR
HVWLPXODGRSRUWRGRVHVWRVRORUHVSUHVHQWHVHQHOYLHQWUHGHODPDGUH \SRUHO
FRQWDFWRFRQODOHQJXDGHODJDWDOOHJDSURQWRDXQSH]yQ
&XDQGR ORV JDWLWRV VH KDQ HQJDQFKDGR D HVH SH]yQ HVWLPXODQ OD VDOLGD
GH OHFKH FRQ XQRV JROSHFLWRV GH VXV SDWLWDV GHODQWHUDV 0DPDQ GXUDQWH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGRVPLQXWRV
/DFWDQFLDDUWLILFLDO$OLJXDOTXHHQORVFDFKRUURVVHKDGHSURFXUDUGDUOHFKH PDWHUQL]DGDUHSDUWLGDHQWRPDVFDGDKRUDVGXUDQWHODVSULPHUDVVHPDQDV
GXUDQWH OD QRFKH FDGD KRUDV ORV SULPHURV GtDV GH FF FDGD WRPD VH LUi
DXPHQWDQGRSURJUHVLYDPHQWHKDVWDFFDODVVHPDQDV
$ SDUWLU GH HQWRQFHV VH DxDGLUiQ FHUHDOHV SDUD EHEpV R SUHSDUDGRV
FRPHUFLDOHVDILQGHDFRVWXPEUDUOHSURJUHVLYDPHQWHDXQDGLHWDVyOLGD
(OGHVWHWH&RPRHQHOFDVRGHOSHUURVHSXHGHHPSH]DUHOGHVWHWHKDFLDODV
±VHPDQDV
(QHOSULPHUPHVGHYLGDGHORVJDWLWRVVHOHVSXHGHHPSH]DUDGDUOHFKH
WLELDFRQXQDSDSLOODGHKDULQDRFRQSUHSDUDGRVFRPHUFLDOHVKRPRJHQHL]DGRV
\YLWDPLQDVSDUDEHEpV6HSXHGHSUHSDUDUSDSLOODVHQWUHOHFKH\SLHQVR(VWH
SURFHVR KDVWD HO VHJXQGR PHV PRPHQWR HQ HO TXH ORV JDWLWRV VH WLHQHQ TXH
FRQVLGHUDUFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHVWHWDGRV