• Author / Uploaded
• Sahil Chopra

Citation preview

Slick Tech Architecture Or High Tech Architecture

Submitted By: Nikhil Mittal 0906024 Ankita kashyap 0906008

High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design. High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism, an extension of those previous ideas aided by even more advances in technological achievements. This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism, however there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Many of its themes and ideas were absorbed into the language of the post-modern architectural schools. Like Brutalism, Structural Expressionist buildings reveal their structure on the outside as well as the inside, but with visual emphasis placed on the internal steel and/or concrete skeletal structure as opposed to exterior concrete walls. High-tech buildings are often called machine-like. Steel, aluminum, and glass combine with brightly colored braces, girders, and beams. Many of the building parts are prefabricated in a factory and assembled later. The support beams, duct work, and other functional elements are placed on the exterior of the building, where they become the focus of attention. The interior spaces are open and adaptable for many uses.

CHARACTERSTICS OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE

1. 2. 3.

STYLE LOOKS FUNCTIONAL EXPENSIVE STRUCTURE AND SERVICES SUPPORT FUNCTIONAL VIRTUES AND PRESENT AS NECESSITY 4. TRANSCENDENTAL MATERIALISM 5. INSIDE OUT 6. TRANSPARENCY,LAYERING AND MOVEMENT 7. BRIGHT ,FLAT COLOURING 8. A LIGHT WEIGHT FILIGREE OF TENSILE MEMBERS 9. EXPREES STRUCTURE AS ORNAMENTAL ORDER 10. MASSIVE STRUCTURAL EXPRESSIONIST 11. CLEAR LAYOUT AND NATURAL LIGHTINING 12. CELEBRATION OF PROCESS

1.INSIDE OUT The Services & Structure Of A Building Are Almost Always Exposed On The Exterior As A Form Of Ornament Or Sculpture.

2.CELEBRATION OF PROCESS With the emphasis on constructon logic, the’ how, why,& what”of the building its joists,rivets ,flanges & ducts,there is an intellectual clarity which is pleasing for the very soul. The celebration of process often extends to things that are seen to work the mechanical plant and travelling crane are as omnipresent as the pediment & as the key stone are in classical archicture. 3.TRANSPERANCY,LAYERING, & MOVEMENT These three asthetic qualities almost without exception,extensive use of transulant & transperent glass, a layering of ducts, stairs and structure and the accentutaion of moving escalators and elevators characterise the high-tech buiding.

4.BRIGHT FLAT COLOURING Bright colours are in much the same way used as the eng. Different kinds of Structures and services are distinguished and allowed them to be easily understood and effectively used. 5. A LIGHT WEIGHT FILIGREE OF TENSILE MEMBERS Light weight material used for the ornamentation of the building like the glass cover with steel frame. 6.OPMISTIC CONFIDENCE IN A SCIENTIFIC CULTURE:-

Underlying high tech building is the futurist promise of an unknown world waiting to be discovered. This results more in a method of working and attitude towards material,colours, and inventions than a compositional principle. However, this often leads to open, in terminate space and picturesque fragmentation or ,at worst a chaotic massing and confusion of cues.

ARCHITECTS

Sir Norman Foster Born: June 1, 1935 in Manchester, England

I.M. Pei Born: April 26, 1917

Nicholas Grimshaw

Sir Richard Rogers Born: July 23, 1933 in Florence, Italy

INTRODUCTION Pritzker Prize-winning British architect Norman Foster is famous for "High Tech" design that explores technological shapes and ideas. In addition to winning the world's most prestigious awards for architecture, he has been knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.

BORN June 1, 1935 in Manchester, England

EARLY LIFE OF FOSTER Born in a working class family, Norman Foster did not seem likely to become a famous architect. Although he was a good student in high school and showed an early interest in architecture, he did not enroll in college until he was 21 years old. Foster won numerous scholarships during his years at Manchester University, including one to attend Yale University in the United States.

EDUCATION 1)Manchester University School of Architecture 2)Yale University

HIS PARTNERSHIP At the beginning of his career, Foster worked as a member of the successful "Team 4" firm with his wife, Wendy Foster, and the husband and wife team of Richard Rogers and Sue Rogers. His own firm, Foster Associates, was founded in London in 1967.

FOSTER AND ARCHITECTURE Foster Associates became known for "High Tech" design that explored technological shapes and ideas. In his work, Sir Norman Foster often uses off-site manufactured parts and the repetition of modular elements. The firm frequently designs special components for these high-tech modernist buildings.

FAMOUS WORK OF FOSTER 1970-74: WILLIS FABER AND DUMAS BUILDING, IPSWICH, UK 1977: SAINSBURY CENTRE, NORWICH, UK 1979-86: HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANK, HONG KONG 1987-1991: CENTURY TOWER BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN 1987-1997: AMERICAN AIR MUSEUM, DUXFORD, UK 1988-1995: METRO ENTRANCE, BILBAO, SPAIN 1989-1992: CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, BEDFORDSHIRE, UK 1990-1995: FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UK 1991-1993: LYCÉE ALBERT CAMUS, FRÉJUS, FRANCE 1991-97: COMMERZBANK , FRANKFURT, GERMANY 1992-99: NEW GERMAN PARLIAMENT, BERLIN, GERMANY 1995-2001: DAEWOO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA 2008: TERMINAL T3, BEIJING, CHINA

AWARDS AND HONERS

Sir norman foster has won numerous awards and honers, including 1999: Pritzker architecture prize 1997: Appointed by the queen to the order of merit 1990: Riba trustees medal for the willis faber dumas building 1990: Knighthood from the queen of england 1983: Riba royal gold medal

LONDON CITY HALL,LONDON ARCHITECT - Norman foster Location - Southwark , london , england Completed - 2002 Style - High-tech modren Size: Lower ground level, Ground level, plus 9 stories above. 185,000 SQ FT City hall is the headquarters of the GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY (GLA). It is located in southwark, on the south bank of the river thames near tower bridge. It was designed by norman foster and opened in july 2002. The GLA is located in an area needing the redevelopment, and with such a location, the government was able to claim their part in the regeneration process. The design of this building is also one that provided a symbolic break from the past. Contrary to some believe, the London Authority doesn’t actually own the GLA. The assembly chamber houses the 25 elected members of the London Assembly as well as the offices of the mayor and the staff of the Greater London Authority.

FEATURES AND FLOOR PLANS:The building has an unusual, bulbous shape, intended to reduce its surface area and thus improve energy efficiency. It has been compared variously to Darth Vader's helmet, a misshapen egg, a woodlouse and a motorcycle helmet. At the top of the ten-story buildingis an exhibition and meeting space called "London's Living Room", with an open viewing deck which is occasionally open to the public. The walkway provides views of the interior of the building, and is intended to symbolise transparency. UNDERGROUND

FIRST FLOOR

SIXTH LEVEL

1. Parking 2. Storage rooms 3. Physical plant 4. Outdoor amphitheater 5. Cafe 6. Information desk 7. Kitchen 8. Exhibition area 9. Committee room 10. Meeting room 11. Media center 12. Reception 13. Assembly chamber 14. Public viewing gallary 15. Library 16. Reading room 17. IT room 18. Ofiice 19. Open - plan area 20. Terrace 21. London's Room NINETH LEVEL

THE INTERIOR HELICAL STAIRCASE

A 500-metre (1,640 ft) helical walkway, reminiscent of that in New York's Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, ascends the full height of the building. At the top of the ten-story building is an exhibition and meeting space called "London's Living Room", with an open viewing deck which is occasionally open to the public. The walkway provides views of the interior of the building, and is intended to symbolise transparency. ORIENTATION: To further improved the shape and performance of this building the sphere shape was skewed to more of an egg shape that leans South blocking the direct sunlight with it’s own shape.

ORIENTATION

SHADING

SHADING: The egg shape is in itself a strategy for passive design. The South side of the building leans back so the floor-plates step out over the windows below each other providing shade for the naturally ventilated offices.

AERIAL VIEW

SECTION

NORTH ELEVATION

EAST ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

30 ST.MARY AXE Type:- Office Location:-St. Mary Axe,City of London Construction:- 2001 Completed:- 2003 Roof:- 180 m Floor Count:- 40 Floor Area:- 47950 sq.m Architect:- Foster and Partners Structural Engineer:- Arup 30 St Mary Axe (formerly the Swiss Re Building, informally referred to as the Gherkin) is a skyscraper in London's financial district, the City of london,stands on the former site of the Baltic Exchange building, which was severely damaged on 10 April 1992 by the explosion of a bomb placed by the Provisional IRA. After the plans to build the Millenium Tower were dropped, the current building was designed by Norman Foster and Arup engineers, and was erected by Skanska in 2001–2003. The tower's topmost panoramic dome, known as the "lens", recalls the iconic glass dome which covered part of the ground floor of the Baltic Exchange.

SITE PLAN

FEATURES Constructed on a diagrid structure Made of 5,500 glass panels Only piece of curved glass is the lens Radial floor design with each floor is rotated 5° Set of six atriums two to six stories high

30 ST. MARY AXE

Tapers outward from the base and then narrows. Smaller footprint allows for a public plaza. Aerodynamic shape creates less downdraft. Building shape allows for natural light.

VENTILATION AND LIGHT Differing air pressures and double skin façade allow for natural ventilation Solar blinds to reclaim or reject heat Windows and blinds are computer controlled Light level and motion sensor lights

ENERGY USE: Temperature can be controlled in several separate zones on each floor  Windows open when external temperature is between 20°C and 26°C and wind speed is less than 10 mph  Building can potentially turn off mechanical temperature system 40% of the year  Main energy source is gas  Building was supposed to consume 50% less energy

CENTURY TOWER, JAPAN Architect: Norman Foster Year: 1987 To 1991 Location: Bunkyo-ku-tokyo, Japan Building Type: Commercial And Office Building. For the first time in Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank, century tower is not a corporate headquarters, but a prestige office block with a wide range of services, including a fitness center and a museum. The program is very specific and gave great freedom with respect to the image that the work would be needed to meet the agenda of the functional requirements and the strict rule that exists to build in central Tokyo. The building is located in Bunkyo-ku, in the heart of Tokyo, it occupies a site subject to complex zoning regulations due to be at the heart of the city. Mainly the building has two well-marked contrast, the urban and the Riverine, on the north side the building looks against a highly homogeneous compared completely urban only interrupted by the Hongo Station Water Park.

STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS The building is founded on rollers that are designed to withstand an earthquake correctly to the steel structure is independent of using this style of structural expressionism because at all times the structure is visible.

The main entrance is located on the south side of the building on Avenue 405, on the other side of this contrast look at the other The exterior is solved with a curtain wall, while building, a the predominant material inside the glass walls waterway with a lot and some ceilings, steel structure, the black of value in the city, granite is used in places where it occurs the water the Kanda River

and wood is present in some doors and divisions.

SPACES The response to the project was the design of the tower in two blocks, nineteen to twenty stories high, connected by a narrow atrium. The outer shape of the blocks is defined by the eccentrically braced frames, in response to the needs of earthquake engineering in a city where earthquakes and typhoons are very real threats. Inside the floors are double height spaces with mezzanines suspended between them, allowing office space free of columns and enjoy natural light and views.

INTRODUCTION:Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside (born 23 July 1933) is a British architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs. Rogers was born in Florence in 1933 and attended the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, before graduating with a master’s degree from the Yale School of Architecture in 1962. While studying at Yale, Rogers met student Norman Foster and planning student Su Brufellow architecture mwell.

EARLY LIFE AND CARRER OF ROGER:Rogers was born in Florence in 1933 and attended the Architectural Association of Architecture in London, before graduating with a master’s degree from theYale School of Architecture in 1962.While studying at Yale, Rogers met fellow architecture student Norman Foster and planning student Su Brumwell. On returning to England he, Foster and Brumwell set up architectural practice as Team 4 with Wendy Cheeseman (Brumwell later married Rogers, Cheeseman married Foster).Rogers and Foster earned a reputation for what was later termed by the media high tech architecture

HIS FAMOUS WORKS:•Lloyd's building, London, UK (1978–84) •Fleetguard Manufacturing Plant, Quimper, France (1979–1981) •Inmos microprocessor factory, Newport, Wales (1980–1982)[ •PA Technology Centre, Princeton, New Jersey, USA (1982–1985) •Old Billingsgate Market, London, UK (1985–1988) •Centre Commercial St. Herbain, Nantes, France (1986–1987) •The Deckhouse, Thames Reach, London, UK (1986–1989) •Paternoster Square, London, UK (1987) •45 Royal Avenue, London, UK (1987) •Reuters Data Centre, London, UK (1987–1992) •Kabuki-cho Tower, Tokyo, Japan (1987–1993) •Antwerp Law Courts, Belgium (2000–2006) •88 Wood Street, London, UK (1990–1999) •Tower Bridge House, London, UK (1990–2005) •Daimler complex, Potsdamer Platz, Berlin (1993–1999) •Palais de Justice de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (1993–1999) •Montevetro, London, UK (1994–2000) •Lloyd's Register building, London, UK (1995–1999) •Minami-Yamashiro Primary School, near Kyoto, Japan (1995–2003) •Millennium Dome, London, UK (1996–1999) •Broadwick House, London, UK (1996–2000)

HONOURS AND AWARDS:Rogers was awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 1985 and made a Chevalier, L’Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur in 1986. He received a Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at the 10th Mostra di Architettura di Venezia. In 2006, the Richard Rogers Partnership was awarded the Stirling Prize for Terminal 4 of Barajas Airport,and again in 2009 for Maggie's Centre in London.In 2007 Rogers was made Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize - architecture's highest honour. He was awarded the Minerva Medal by the Chartered Society of Designers in the same year. Rogers has been awarded honorary degrees from several universities, including Alfonso X El Sabio University in Madrid, Oxford Brookes University, the University of Kent, the Czech Technical University in Prague and the Open University. In 1994, He was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) by the University of Bath.

FAMILY LIFE:Rogers is married to Ruth Rogers, chef and co-owner of The River Cafe restaurant in west London. They have two sons together, Roo and Bo. He also has three sons, Ben, Zad and Ab, from his first marriage to Su Brumwell. He has ten grandchildren.

LLOYD'S BUILDING Architect: Richard Rogers

Location: 1 lime street, city of London. Date: 1978 to 1986 Building Type: Office Building. Antenna Spire: 93.1 m (312 ft) Roof: 88m (289 ft) Floor count: 14

CREATOR’S WORD "Buildings are not idiosyncratic private institutions: they give public performances both to the user and the passerby. Thus the architect's responsibility must go beyond the client's program and into the broader public realm. Though the client's program offers the architect a point of departure, it must be questioned, as the architectural solution lies in the complex and often contradictory interpretation of the needs of the individual, the institution, the place and history. The recognition of history as a principle constituent of the program and an ultimate model of legitimacy is a radical addition to the theories of the Modern Movement."

The lloyd's building (also sometimes known as the inside-out building The building was innovative in having its services such as staircases, lifts, electrical power conduits and water pipes on the outside, leaving an uncluttered space inside. SITE PLAN

FLOOR PLAN

The building consists of three main towers and three service towers around a central, rectangular space. Its focal point is the large underwriting room on the ground floor, which houses the famous lutine bell.

On the ground floor of the atrium sits the Lutine Bell, salvaged from the French frigate La Lutine which surrendered to the British in 1793. The bell is rung once for good news and twice for bad, and the expansive atrium carries the sound to everyone in the building.

The underwriting room is overlooked by galleries, forming a 60 metres (197 ft) high atrium lit naturally through a huge barrel-vaulted glass roof.

The services of the building are exposed. The external wall is claded with sparkel glass and deep mullions the holes cut the mullions not only reduce the weight; they also increase the amount of light reaching the façade. The first four galleries open onto the atrium space, and are connected by escalators through the middle of the structure. The higher floors are glassed-in, and can only be reached via the outside lifts.

THE EXPOSED SERVICES OF THE BUILDING INNER VIEW

At the heart of the building is a huge atrium, 14 floors and 76 meters (249 feet) tall. The total possible underwriting area is 19,000 square metres. The building's height rises from seven storeys on the south elevation through a series of terraces to its full height on the north side. SECTION THROUGH THE BUILDING

33,510 cubic metres of concrete were used in the building's construction, as were 12,000 square metres of glass, 30,000 square metres of stainless steel cladding, 5,000 square metres of anodised aluminium frame and 2,000 square metres of painted steel. ELEVATION

MILLENIUM DOME,LONDON ARCHITECT - RICHARD ROGERS LOCATION - Drawdock Road / Millennium Way Greenwich Peninsula London BULIDING TYPE - Exhibition space STRUCTURAL SYSTEM - Steel & tensioned fabric COMPLETED - 1999 STYLE - HIGH-TECH MODREN

The Millennium Dome, is referred to simply as The Dome, is the large dome-shaped building, originally used to house the Millennium Experience, a major exhibition celebrating the beginning of the third millennium. Located on the Greenwich Peninsula in South East London , England.

MILLENIUM DOME

FEATURES The dome is the largest of its type in the world. Externally, it appears as a large white marquee with twelve 100 m-high yellow support towers, one for each month of the year, or each hour of the clock face, representing the role played by Greenwich FLOOR PLAN Mean Time. In plan view it is circular, 365 m in diameter — one metre for each day of the year — with scalloped edges. It has become one of the United Kingdom's most recognisable landmarks. The entire roof structure weighs less than the air contained within the building. Although referred to as a dome it is not strictly one as it is not self-supporting, but is a mastsupported, dome-shaped cable network. For this reason, it has been disparagingly referred to as the Millennium Tent.

INTERIOR FEATURES

SECTION OF THE BUILDING

•

•

•

The Dome is suspended from a series of twelve 100m steel masts, held in place by more than 70km of highstrength steel cable which in turn support the Teflon-coated glass fibre roof. The interior space was subdivided into 14 zones (with the lead designers of the zones): More than 6 million people visited the attraction during 2000. The Dome has now become the home of the O2 arena, one of the UK's most popular music venues.

The canopy is made of PTFEcoated glass fibre fabric, a durable and weather-resistant plastic, and is 52 m high in the middle - one metre for each week of the year. Its symmetry is interrupted by a hole through which a ventilation shaft from the Blackwall Tunnel rises.

SECTION OF THE BUILDING

88 WOOD STREET,LONDON Location:-London, England Date:-1993 to 2001 timeline Building Type:-commercial office towers Construction System:-concrete frame with steel bracing, glass curtain wall Climate:-temperate Context:-urban Style:- High-Tech Modern

CREATOR’S WORD "Buildings are not idiosyncratic private institutions: they give public performances both to the user and the passerby. Thus the architect's responsibility must go beyond the client's program and into the broader public realm. Though the client's program offers the architect a point of departure, it must be questioned, as the architectural solution lies in the complex and often contradictory interpretation of the needs of the individual, the institution, the place and history."

FEATURES:88 Wood Street is an iconic high rise landmark office building designed by the world renowned Richard Rogers Partnership. One of four buildings designed by the architects in the City of London, it cuts a striking image on the London skyline. Four pipe fan coil air conditioning Enhanced raised floors (190mm) Floor to ceiling height (2.75m) Metal tiled suspended ceilings Eight 16-person high-speed, scenic passenger lifts (4 of these serve level 15) One 2,000 kg goods lifts

FLOOR PLAN

The available tower floor has panoramic views across Central London with the stunning backdrop of the City. The floor space offers occupiers a unique position in the heart of London's Financial District. Looking South, the dome of St Paul's Cathedral dominates the view as the River Thames meanders towards the West.

The building comprises three parallel blocks uninterrupted by plant which is sited in the basement. At 4 metres (13 feet) by 3 metres (9.8 feet) and weighing in at 800 kg (1,760 lbs) each, the floor-to-ceiling height triple-glazed, laminated glazing units are some of the world's largest and contain internal blinds adjusted by photoelectric cells which automatically adjust to suit the climate.

INTRODUCTION:Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, (born 9 October 1939) is a prominent English architect particularly noted for several modernist buildings, including London's Water Loo International Project and the Eden Project in Cornwall. In late 2004, He was elected President of the Royal Academy Born in Hove, East Sussex, Grimshaw inherited an interest in engineering .He is also reputed to have displayed an early interest in construction; his boyhood interests included Meccano building tree houses and boats.

EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION OF ROGER:He was educated at Wellington College. From 1959 to 1962, he studied at the Edinburgh College of Architecture before winning a scholarship to attend the Architectural Association in London, where he won further scholarships to travel to Sweden in 1963 and the United States in 1964. He graduated from the AA in 1965 with an honours diploma, and having entered into a partnership with Terry Farrell, he joined the Royal Institute of Architects two years later in 1967.

HIS FAMOUS WORKS:125 Park Road, London (1970) BMW (UK) headquarters, Bracknell (1980) Oxford Ice Rink, Oxford (1984) Financial Times Printworks, Blackwall, London (1988) Rank Xerox Research Centre, Welwyn Garden City (1988) Sainsbury's Supermarket, Camden Town, London (1988) Stockbridge Leisure Centre, Liverpool (1988) British Pavilion Expo '92, Seville, Spain (1992) International Terminal at London’s Waterloo Station (1993) British Airways Combined Centre Of Operations ('The Compass Centre'), Heathrow Airport (1993) Western Morning News Headquarters and Printworks, Plymouth (1993) RAC Regional Headquarters, Bristol (1994) Pier 4A, Heathrow Airport, (1994) Berlin Stock Exchange, Berlin, Germany (1997) Lord's Cricket Ground Grandstand, London (1998) Terminal 3, Heathrow Airport (1998) North Woolwich pumping station, London Docklands (1998) Bilbao Bus Station, Bilbao, Spain (1999) Eden Project, Cornwall, (2001)

LORD’S CRICKET GROUND ARCHITECT - Nicholas grimshaw LOCATION - St john's wood, london ESTABLISHED - 1814 STYLE - High-tech modren Lord's Cricket Ground (generally known as Lord's) is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, London. Lord's is widely referred to as the "home of cricket" and is home to the world's oldest sporting museum. Lord's today is not on its original site, being the third of three grounds that Lord established between 1787 and 1814. His first ground, now referred to as Lord's Old Ground, His second ground, Lord's Middle Ground, was used from 1811 to 1813 The present Lord's ground is about 250 yards (230 m) north-west of the site of the Middle Ground.

The ground can currently hold up to 32,000 spectators. The two ends of the pitch are the Pavilion End (south-west), where the main members' Pavilion is located, and the Nursery End (north-east), dominated by the Media Centre. The Pavilion also contains the dressing rooms where players change, each of which has a small balcony for players to watch the play. In each of the two main dressing rooms are honours boards which commemorate all the centuries scored in Test matches on the Lord’s ground and all instances of a bowler's taking five wickets in a Test innings and ten wickets in a Test match.

TOP VIEW

The Pavilion also contains the dressing rooms where players change, each of which has a small balcony for players to watch the play. In each of the two main dressing rooms are honours boards which commemorate all the centuries scored in Test matches on the Lord’s ground and all instances of a bowler's taking five wickets in a Test innings and ten wickets in a Test match.

The Media Centre was commissioned in time for the 1999 Cricket World Cup and was the first all aluminium, semi-monocoque building in the world. It was built and fitted-out in two boatyards and uses boatbuilding technology. The centre stands 15 metres (49 ft) above the ground and its sole support comes from the structure around its two lift shafts — it is approximately the same height as the Pavilion directly opposite it on the other side of the ground. The lower tier of the centre provides accommodation for over 100 journalists and the top tier has radio and television commentary boxes.

Another highly visible feature of the ground is Old Father Time, a weather vane in the shape of Father Time, currently adorning a stand on the south-east side of the field The Lord's Taverners, a charitable group comprising cricketers and cricket-lovers, take their name from the old Tavern pub at Lord's, where the organisation's founders used to congregate. The pub no longer exists, and the Tavern Stand now stands on its former site. One of the features of the ground is the pair of ornamental gates, named in honour of W G Grace. In 1923, the W G Grace Memorial Gates were erected at the St John's Wood Road entrance to the ground. ENTRANCE GATE

NATIONAL SPACE CENTRE The National Space Centre is one of the United Kingdom's leading visitor attraction that is devoted to space science and astronomy. It is located in the city of Leciester, England, next to the River Soar on the A6 The building was designed by Nicholas Grimshaw, and it opened to the public on 30 June 2001. The tower is 42 metres tall.

CREATOR’S WORD "The Space Centre is a building entirely driven by science, emerging as an idea from the space scientists at Leicester University. It is one of the new generation of interactive science centres, concerned not only with rockets and satellites and space travel, but more widely with our whole place in the cosmos".

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS:The site in the Abbey Meadows area, a 14.5 acre brownfield on Exploration Drive, previously housed the Abbey Tanks, a sewage treatment works, and was donated to the Space Centre project by Severn Trent Water. A council tip was also formerly operational on part of the Space Centre site. This was relocated before construction works commenced, and the Space Centre leases that section of land from Leicester City Council. In the summer of 1999 the existing road leading to the site, Corporation Road, was widened, and a completely new road, Exploration Drive, built and opened. That first phase of works involved a total of about 250 people working on the site. Around 20,000 cubic meters of "muck" was removed from the tanks, with 15,000 cubic meters going back in as part of the stabilizing process. The rest was retained for use later in the project - mainly for landscaping purposes. In total, around 5,500 cubic meters of concrete has been poured into the site.

SALIENT FEATURES:The main body of the Space Centre Building, a perforated stainless steel box, is built partially below ground level within the walls of the old storm water tanks. Below the domed roof is a planetarium and a space research center. The entrance to the Space Centre is reached from a courtyard, where the Challenger Learning Centre building is located. The 140 foot high Rocket Tower, the main feature, dominates the local skyline. The semitransparent tower, clad with high-tech ETFE "pillows" manufactured by specialist suppliers Skyspan International, was designed to house the attraction's largest artifacts, including two huge rockets. Several "decks", connected by a series of staircases, are placed at various heights in the tower. To allow easier access during replenishment of large exhibits the side of the tower can be partly detached.

INTERIOR SPACES:An interior shot of the National Space Centre that is situated in Leicester, England. This particular part of the space centre houses two rockets, both of which have been used and were shipped to England to be exhibited here in the 42 metre high tower especially built to accommodate them. The rocket on the right is America's PGM-17 Thor Able rocket, and the one on the left is Britain's Blue Streak.

EXHIBITION SPACE

EXHIBITION SPACE:There is a exhibition space also in National Space Centre for Displaying Various Equipments Made at this centre

EXHIBITION SPACE

WATERLOO INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL,LONDON Designed by theNicholas Grimshaw and Partners 1993 Best known for its 400-meter-long curved glass roof, Grimshaw's International Terminal at Waterloo Station provides airport-quality accommodation for the London end of the Eurostar trains services through the Channel Tunnel to Paris and Brussels. The length of the trains and the curve of the five new tracks dedicated to the Eurostar service at the side of the existing station determined the geometry of the new building, including the distinctive roof.

SALIENT FEATURES:-

The elements of the building include a reinforced concrete box to accommodate an underground car park and provide a foundation over the Underground train lines, and a two-story viaduct supporting the Eurostar platforms, which are reached by escalator from a subterranean 'departure lounge'. The roof accounted for 10 percent of the overall budget. Waterloo international terminal is situated at london uk designed by AR.Nicholas grimshaw and partnerswith yrm hunt associates. The psan of the terminal is 48.5 M(158 ft.) The structure of the roof is in glass and steel frames which are supported inverted FLOOR PLAN

CURVED GLASS ROOF

SECTION THROUGH THE BUILDING

In contrast to more recent complex curved glass roofs, such as Grimshaw's own Eden Project or Norman Foster's British Museum courtyard, the Waterloo roof was designed to use standardsize glass sheets, which overlap and use a concertina joint to accommodate the dual curve of the roof-arch and the track.

EXTERIOR VIEW FROM THE ROAD ACCESS SIDE OF THE BUILDING.

INTRODUCTION:Born:-

April 26, 1917 (age 94) Canton (Guangzhou), China Nationality:- American Alma mater :- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ieoh Ming Pei (born April 26, 1917), commonly known as I. M. Pei, is an Chinese architect, often called a master of modern architect Born in Canton,China and raised in Hong Kong and Shanghai, Pei drew inspiration at an early age from the gardens at Suzhou. In 1935 he moved to the United States and enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania's architecture school, but quickly transferred to the M.I.T. He was unhappy with the focus at both schools on Beaux Arts School, and spent his free time researching the emerging architects, especially Le Corbusier.

I.M .PIE

EARLY LIFE AND CARRER OF PIE:As Pei neared the end of his secondary education, he decided to study at an overseas university. He was accepted to a number of schools, but decided to enroll at the .Pei's choice had two roots. While studying in Shanghai, he had closely examined the catalogs for various institutions of higher learning around the world. The architectural program at the University of Pennsylvania stood out to him.

AWARDS:Royal Gold Medal AIA Gold Medal Presidential Medal of Freedom Pritzker Award

STYLE:Pei's style is described as thoroughly modernist, with significant cubist themes.He is known for combining traditional architectural elements with progressive designs based on simple geometric patterns. As one critic writes: "Pei has been aptly described as combining a classical sense of form with a contemporary mastery of method.”

FAMOUS BUILDING:John K Kennedy Library National Gallery of Art Louvre Pyramid, Paris Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong Museum of Islamic art,Doha

LOUVRE PYRAMID Architect: I.M.Pei Location: Paris Date: Completed In 1989 Building Type: Museum Construction System: Steel Frame, Glass Curtain Walls. The louvre pyramid is a large glass and metal pyramid, surrounded by three smaller pyramids. The large pyramid serves as the main entrance to the Louvre museum has become the landmark in the city Paris. The structure, which was constructed entirely with glass segments, reaches a height of 20.6 metres (about 70 feet); its square base has sides of 35 metres (115 ft). It consists of 603 rhombus-shaped and 70 triangular glass segments.

The main pyramid is actually the largest of several glass pyramids that were constructed near the museum, including the downward-pointing la pyramide inversée that functions as a skylight in an underground mall in front of the museum. For design historian Mark Pimlott, "I.M. Pei’s plan distributes people effectively from the central concourse to myriad destinations within its vast subterranean network... international airports." FLOOR PLAN

ELEVATION

MATERIALS

SECTION

The architectonic framework evokes, at gigantic scale, an ancient atrium of a Pompeiian villa; the treatment of the opening above, with its tracery of engineered castings and cables, evokes the atria of corporate office buildings; the busy movement of people from all directions suggests the concourses of rail termini. The Entry Lobby Of The Louvre Museum Beneath The Pyramid. The main pyramid is actually the largest of several glass pyramids that were constructed near the museum, including the downward-pointing that functions as a skylight in an underground mall in front of the museum. During the design phase, there was a proposal that the design include a spire on the pyramid to simplify window washing. This proposal was eliminated because of objections from I. M. Pei

View Of The Louvre Museum From The Underground Lobby Of The Pyramid.

JOHNSON MUSEUM OF ART Established :-1973 Location :-Central & University Avenues, Ithaca, New York Visitor figures :-80,000 Director :-Franklin W. Robinson Architect:- I.M. Pei The Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art ("The Johnson Museum") is an art museum located on the northwest corner of the Arts Quad on the main campus of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. It is most well known for its distinctive concrete facade, its collection which includes two windows from Frank Llyod's Wright and Darwin D Martin House, and more than 32,000 other works. The Museum hosts over 80,000 visitors every year and presents over 20 special exhibitions annually. President Deane Waldo established the original University Art Museum in 1953. The A.D. White House was renovated to house Cornell's art collections. The current museum, constructed in 1973, is named after its primary benefactor, Herbert Johnson

FEATURES:The Johnson Museum of Art was designed by architect I.M. Pei. It can be characterized by its fifth floor, which cantilevers over the open aired sculpture garden. It was designed so that it would not block the view of Cayuga Lake, and offers a panoramic view of the same from its north and west sides. It also houses a room for meetings on the sixth floor, which was used for many years by Cornell's Board of Trustees GROUND FLOOR PLAN The unique location of the museum presented several architectural challenges; building space was limited, and it could not overwhelm the view of Cayuga Lake or the nearby Arts Quad. Moreover, it would sit atop the knoll where tradition said Ezra Cornell chose the site for his university, at the north end of the Stone Row of McGraw, Morrill, and SECOND FLOOR PLAN White Halls. SIXTH FLOOR PLAN

The design sought to visually terminate the north end of Library Slope. The resulting design was a narrow tower and a bridge, which critics have likened to a giant sewing machine. One element of the original design, which was never constructed, was an underground Asian art gallery which would have included windows breaching the Southern face of Fall Creek Gorge. The building was awarded the American Institute of Architects Honor Award in 1975. The building's design also appeared on the cover of Scientific Americanas an early example of computer graphics.

ELEVATION

JOHN HANCOCK TOWER .

Type :-office Location :-200 clarendon street, boston, massachusetts, united states Construction started :-1968 Completed :-1976 Height roof :-790 ft (240.8 m) Floor count :-60 Owner :-boston properties Architect :-i.M. Pei & partners Developer :-john hancock mutual life insurance company The John Hancock Tower, officially named Hancock Place and colloquially known as The Hancock, is a 60-story, 790-foot (241 m) skyscraper in Boston. The tower was designed by Henry N. Cobb of the firm I. M. Pei & Partners (now known as Pei Cobb Freed & Partners) and was completed in 1976. In 1977, the American Institute of Architects presented the firm with a National Honor Award for the building and in 2011 conferred on it the AIA Twenty-five Year Award. It has been the tallest building in Boston for more than 30 years, and is the tallest building in New England.

DESIGN FEATURES:Tall, skinny glass structures were a goal of modernist architecture since Mies Van Der Rohe proposed a glass skyscraper for Berlin.Such buildings as Gordon Bunshaft's Lever House and Mies's Seagram Building in New York City, and Frank Lloyd Wright's Johnson Wax Headquarters attempted this goal, but many of these designs retained structural artifacts that prevented a consistent, monolithic look. In 1972, Cobb's design of the Hancock Tower took the glass monolith skyscraper concept to new heights. The tower is an achievement in minimalist, modernist skyscraper design.

SITE PLAN

Minimalism was the design principle behind the tower. The largest panes of glass possible were used. There are no spandrel panels, and the mullions are minimal. Cobb added a geometric modernist twist by using a parallelogram shape for the tower floor plan. From the most common views, this design makes the corners of the tower appear very sharp. The highly reflective window glass is tinted slightly blue, which results in the tower having only a slight contrast with the sky on a clear day. As a final modernist touch, the short sides of the parallelogram are marked with a deep vertical notch, breaking up the tower's mass and emphasizing its verticality. In late evening, the vertical notch to the northwest catches the last light of the sky, while the larger portions of glass reflect the darkening.

PROBLEM WITH THE BUILDING :FOUNDATION:Hancock Tower was plagued with problems before construction started. During the excavation of the tower's foundation, temporary steel retaining walls were erected to create a void on which to build. The walls warped, giving way to the clay and mud fill of the Back Bay which they were supposed to hold back. The inward bend of the retaining walls damaged utility lines, the sidewalk pavement, and nearby buildings—including the historic Trinity Church across the street. Hancock ultimately paid for all the repairs.

FALLING GLASS PANES:Inventing a way to use the blue mirror glass in a steel tower came at a high price. The building's most dangerous and conspicuous flaw was faulty glass windows. Entire 4' x 11', 500-lb (1.2 x 3.4 m, 227 kg) windowpanes detached from the building and crashed to the sidewalk hundreds of feet below. Police had to close off surrounding streets whenever winds reached 45 mph (72 km/h).

NAUSEATING SWAY :The building's upper-floor occupants suffered from motion sickness when the building swayed in the wind. To stabilize the movement, contractors installed a device called a tuned mass damper on the 58th floor.[6] As described by Robert Campbell, architecture critic for the Boston Globe: Two 300-ton weights sit at opposite ends of the 58th floor of the Hancock. Each weight is a box of steel, filled with lead, 17 feet (5.2 m) square by 3 feet (0.9 m) high. Each weight rests on a steel plate. The plate is covered with lubricant so the weight is free to slide. But the weight is attached to the steel frame of the building by means of springs and shock absorbers. When the Hancock sways, the weight tends to remain still, allowing the floor to slide underneath it.

CLOSURE OF THE OBSERVATION DECK:An observation deck with spectacular views of Boston was a popular attraction. However, it was closed after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.Because of the closure of the John Hancock Tower's observation deck, the highest observation deck open to the public in Boston is in the Prudential Tower. The building's owners cite security as the reason for the continued closure. They have rented the deck for private functions and have expressed intent to replace it with more office space. Boston city officials contend that security concerns are moot, since most similar attractions have long since reopened

CONCLUSIONS:•High-tech architecture was, in some ways, a response to growing disillusionment with modern architecture. •High-tech architecture created a new aesthetic in contrast with standard modern architecture. •The term "high-tech" explained as one being used in architectural circles to describe an increasing number of residences and public buildings with a "nuts-and-bolts, exposed-pipes, technological look". This highlights one of the aims of high-tech architecture, to boast the technical elements of the building by externalizing them. Thus, the technical aspects create the building's aesthetic. •Structures have accentuated technical elements. They included the prominent display of the building's technical and functional components, and an orderly arrangement and use of pre-fabricated elements. •Glass walls and steel frames were also immensely popular. •The high-tech buildings make persistent use of glass curtain walls and steel structure moreover this style usually consist of a clear glass façade. It is greatly indebted to modern architecture.

THANK YOU