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Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book Tests at two levels Listening tests Speaking tests 18 CLIL worksheets Grammar practice at two levels Vocabulary practice at two levels Extra reading practice Extra writing practice Extra listening practice Extra speaking practice Answer keys for each section

2

All this material is also available in editable, electronic Word files (Teacher’s Resource Multi-ROM).

Mike Sayer

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book

2

Mike Sayer

Contents Grammar and Vocabulary practice (Standard)

3

Grammar and Vocabulary practice (Plus)

29

Reading practice

55

Writing practice

61

Listening practice

69

Speaking practice

75

Language in context (CLIL)

85

Tests (Standard)

107

Tests (Plus)

139

Listening tests

183

Speaking tests

189

Start of year review (standard)

1 Circle the correct alternatives.

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1 Louise wear/wears jeans at the weekend.

(lose) her purse yesterday.

1 Jenny

2 Thomas doesn’t enjoy/enjoys cycling to school on

(break) her leg badly in the

2 Amy

cold days.

bicycle accident.

3 Where you do/do you live? 4 I don’t/doesn’t have any money for new clothes.

3 Tim

(give) my mum some flowers.

5 My brother watch/watches horror films on DVD

4 We

(not know) what time it was. (leave) at half past three.

5 Sally

every evening.

(worry) about handing in his

6 Dan

6 Sam doesn’t wear/doesn’t wears school uniform

homework late.

at his school. 7 What time do/does it start?

7 I

8 The children live/lives near the city centre.

8 We

(not win) the match. (see) a really interesting

programme on TV yesterday.

2 Write sentences in the present continuous using

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the prompts.

the verbs in brackets.

1 They / play tennis / at the moment.

(walk) home from school

1 Simone



when it suddenly started to rain.

2 George / not live / with his parents.

(Susie / wear) when you saw

2 What



her last Monday?

3 I / have lunch / in the city centre.

3 Josie was eating lunch when someone



(steal) her handbag.

4 Wendy and Jack / not wear / any shoes.

(you / meet) Dan when he got off the

4



plane?

5 She / sit / over there.

5 The sun was shining and the birds



(sing) in the trees as I cycled down the lane.

6 We / not work / at the moment.

6 Penny



(not kiss) Tom on their first

date.

7 you / do your homework?

7 We



(win) a hundred euros on last

week’s lottery.

8 Which game / she / play?

6 Circle the correct alternatives.

9 I / not come / with you.

1 Danny used to play/had played the piano when he



was young, but he doesn’t play it anymore.

10 We / put up / shelves in the kitchen.

2 Wendy didn’t know/wasn’t knowing what time it



was when I asked her.

3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

3 I was cooking/had cooked lunch when you phoned.

sometimes  ​always  ​now  ​often  ​ never

4 When we were small children, we would get/had 1 Jennifer

sets her alarm for seven

got up really early at weekends.

o’clock on weekdays. She likes getting up early. 2 Pamela is walking over to your house She’ll be there in a minute. Dan visits us on his way home. He

3

comes once or twice a week. 4 I 5 We

eat meat. I’m a vegetarian. go to the cinema on Fridays. In

5 We saw/had seen a good film last night. .

6 Jo lost/was losing her tennis match when I left. I don’t know whether she won or lost in the end. 7 How much did you understand/were you understanding of the play? 8 Once, I broke/used to break my arm while playing basketball for my school.

fact, I think we go on three Fridays every month.

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3

Start of year review (standard)

7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Tim

10 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 Sue likes listening to a/the radio.

(just / ride) his bicycle across the

Pyrenees.

2 What do you usually do at a/the weekend? 3 Jo enjoys working as a/(–) doctor in a large hospital.

(buy) some new shoes last

2 Louise weekend.

4 Could you bring me a/the glass of water, please? 5 Amanda would like to study the/(–) chemistry at

(not eat) her breakfast yet.

3 Wendy

That’s why she’s so hungry.

6 Do you think there used to be life on the/(–) moon?

(already / visit) the most

4 Penny

university. 7 It’s important to try to help animals survive in

interesting monuments.

the/(–) wild.

(get) home about five minutes ago.

5 I

(you / live) in this lovely old

6 How long house?

8 I’ll be there in a/the minute. 9 We got up early in a/the morning. 10 Would you like another cup of a/(–) coffee or tea?

(own) a yacht for over 20 years.

7 He

(not speak) to Carrie at last

8 Henrietta night’s dance.

11 Match the sentence halves. A

(you / hear) the news? Sophie and Ian

9

are getting married. (meet) for the first time

10 Paul and I

8 Complete the table with comparatives and comparative

high

higher

superlative

big

the biggest

busy

the busiest

good

e German.

d friends.

six o’clock. home.

3 I spent the weekend

worse

time.

4 The bus is

the morning.

5 It’s five o’clock

1 The Empire State Building in New York is one of

6 I put it

the cupboard. October.

7 My birthday is

buildings in the USA. today than it

2 The shopping centre is

8 What was

TV last night?

9 Claire was waiting

usually is on a Monday. than his

3 John’s grade in the test was sister’s. He got 40%. She got 63%. 5 Sally Jenkins won an award as

10 Sue lives

the countryside.

possessive pronouns. young

actress in a comedy play in 2010. 6 We went paragliding on holiday. It was fantastic! It’s sport I’ve ever tried. 7 It was freezing and the wind was blowing and the

subject pronoun

object pronoun

I

me

he

him

ever experienced!

hers it

day of the week for me! I

have so much to do then.

possessive pronoun yours

weather I’ve

rain was falling! It was

the bus stop.

13 Complete the table with subject, object and

than rhinos.

4 Elephants are

f words.

France.

2 The film starts

9 Complete the sentences with words from 8.

4

5 I’ve learnt a few 6 Sue speaks a little

1 Jack lives

the best

8 Monday is

c time.

12 Complete the sentences with in, at or on.

more exciting

bad

3 Tim hasn’t got many 4 Bob doesn’t have much

b some trousers.

C

adjective

exciting

a any new shoes.

B

many years ago. superlatives.

1 Amanda doesn’t own 2 Rebecca has bought

its us them

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Start of year review (standard)

14 Complete the sentences with words from 13.

17 Put the words in the correct order.

1 Robert enjoys horror movies but I don’t like

1 published / Magazines / by / are / our company / .

very much. They’re too scary.

aren’t well-built.

2 My two brothers are tall but

3 Both these bags belong to us. And the backpack , too.

over there is

2 tomorrow / The / shown / be / will / documentary / . 3 has / A / arrested / burglar / been / just / .

. I have a

4 I’m sorry, but these shoes aren’t



black pair, not a brown pair. Do you think someone

4 in the 1970s / houses / Were / the / built / ?

has taken them by mistake?



the ticket. He loves opera so he’ll really

5 Give

5 been / can’t / The / announced / winner / have /

appreciate a free ticket.

yet / . . I wouldn’t

6 I’m sorry. I didn’t know it was

6 later / be / isn’t / allowed / James / going / into / to

have used it if you’d said something earlier.

/ the club / .

15 Correct the errors in the sentences.



1 Are they going see a movie?

18 Circle the correct alternatives.



1 If you want to win, you have to/would have to

2 What will she to say if Emma phones?

enter the competition first. 2 If she went/had gone to the party she would have

3 Who you are meeting tonight?

probably had a good time. 3 I don’t/won’t lend you any more money if you keep

4 What will you buying Robert?

spending it in the way you do.

5 He’s going to visit his aunt at the weekend?

4 We might go to the beach if it stays/stayed sunny.



5 If you had/you’d have more free time, would you

6 At this time tomorrow, I’ll sitting on a beach.

take up a new hobby? 6 If Paul ate less food, he won’t/wouldn’t put on so

7 Barry is no going to wait.

much weight. 7 If you were calling/had called, I would have come

8 Jenny won’t have eating before her friends arrive.

and picked you up. 8 Where did you/would you work if you could



change your job?

16 Complete the sentences in reported speech.

19 Choose the best option to complete the sentences.

1 ‘We’re going to play tennis later,’ they told us. play tennis

They told us that they later.

a if

2 ‘I rang Jill two days ago,’ he said. He said that he

3 ‘How much money do you have?’ he asked. .

her leg.

5 ‘Do you enjoy eating out?’ she asked. She asked if I

eating out.

6 ‘Tom isn’t doing anything at the moment,’ she said. She said that Tom moment.

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a ever

anything at that

c than

b just

c already

Jack has put his coat on. So just

3 We’ll leave

4 ‘She has broken her leg,’ he said. He said that she

b unless

been to Scotland. I went there last year.

2 I’ve

Jill two days before.

He asked me how much money I

you have a better idea.

1 We’ll watch TV

wait a minute. a before

b as soon as c while .

4 Amy hasn’t tried windsurfing a yet 5 a Yet

b just

Tom was cooking lunch, I set the table. b While

6 I’ve worked here a for

c never

b since

c On four months. c during

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5

1

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

the verbs in brackets.

(see) the film yesterday.

1 We

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

(already /

2 When I got there, Peter arrive).

weeks now.

you

(get up)

this morning?

leave). It was disappointing not to see him. 3 Tim

(not read) that book yet, but he’s

4 He

later in the day at his office.

(not be) there long when Jill

5 We

the children

4 How long

walked in.

(watch) TV? It’s time they did something else. (not hear) of Peter Clark. Who is he? (live) here since July.

5 I 6 We

(arrive) at half past three.

8 Jack

(live) in

9 A hundred years ago, people houses without heating or running water. 10 I

(work) at home that morning and

didn’t know anything about the fire that took place

going to read it soon.

7 She

(already /

2 When we arrived, Bill

3 What time

6 I

(stay) at our house for three

1 Thomas

(just / make) some biscuits. Would

you like to try one?

(visit) Paris twice in my life. (sunbathe) on this beach all

morning. It’s wonderful.

5 Write sentences using the prompts to make a dialogue. 1 When / you first meet / Samantha?

2 Match the sentence halves.

2 I / meet / her / in 2008.

A

1 I’ve played tennis 2 I went swimming

a last weekend.



3 He’s been watching TV c all afternoon. d twice today. 4 He’s phoned Cathy C e before you called. f as soon as the meeting ended.

3 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 I’ve known/been knowing Paula for ages. 2 Jack’s ears were cold because he had forgotten/ been forgetting his hat. 3 We have waited/been waiting for you for ages. 4 Tim has told/been telling that joke at least three times. 5 I hadn’t had/been having my lunch so I felt very hungry. 6 How long have you lived/been living in that old house?

then?

b twice this weekend.

B

5 Joe left the office 6 Susie had left

3 How long / she / work / as a journalist / before

4 She / already / work / as a journalist / for two years / when I / meet / her. 5 you / be / in touch / lately? 6 We / meet / last month / for a coffee.

6 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 Rebecca hadn’t been to a zoo before. 2 We’ve been working here all afternoon. 3 I haven’t had my lunch yet. 4 Jim had been waiting for ages when we finally got there. 5 How long have you been studying English?

6

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1

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Add a word from the box to each list.

5 Complete the sentences with the collocations in 4.

transition  ​ debate  ​gossip  ​current affairs unprejudiced  ​tabloid  ​skim  ​ journalist 1 newspaper

broadsheet

2 change

turning point

3 impartial

objective

4 shock

sensation

5 news

documentary

6 editor

reporter

7 analyse

discuss

8 browse

surf

about the fight against crime. the 17th century, when the country had a powerful army. which may cause an

3 There are many

individual to become a criminal. on the radio reported the terrible

5 A

train crash that happened a few hours ago. . I can receive information and

6 I love

news updates wherever I am.

gives both sides of a story. headlines to see if there is anything interesting to read in more depth.

1 The person who decides what stories go in a

3 The discovery of the new world was a major

newspaper is called an

in history. 4 My brother spends a lot of time

6 Complete the definitions with the words in the box. newsreader  ​presenter  ​editor  ​journalist chat show host  ​producer

the newspaper

2 Every morning, I

.

4 I saw an interview with Brad Pitt on a

analysis of my newspaper. It

news programme and tells you the day’s news is 3 Someone who writes articles in a newspaper is a

the defence minister’s wife, it caused a big

.

.

3 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 Dan spends a lot of time skimming/surfing the internet. 2 Some celebrities don’t like giving/making

.

4 Someone who interviews celebrities on a TV programme is a

prefers channel hopping/running. 4 Samantha turned/tuned in to her favourite radio programme.

.

5 The person who is in charge of commissioning and planning a TV programme is the

.

6 Someone who introduces documentaries, reality TV programmes and other TV programmes is a .

interviews. 3 Robert never watches one programme for long. He

.

the

5 When the foreign minister had an affair with

6 Serious newspapers are often called

.

2 The person who is in front of the camera on a TV

the

internet, looking for interesting websites.

7 Read the sentences and choose the correct meaning. 1 He stopped working and looked at the time. a He looked at the time after he had stopped

5 I hate the way tabloids dumb/dull down the news. We’re not all stupid!

working. b He looked at the time and then stopped working.

4 Match the words to make collocations.

1 news 2 social 3 press 4 chat 5 golden 6 mobile phone

of Swedish history took place in

2 The

2 Complete the sentences with words from 1. 1 I like the

to tell journalists

1 The president held a

a age b flash c alerts d factors e conference f show

2 We didn’t stop to have lunch until we had finished. a We had lunch before we finished. b We had lunch after we finished. 3 She remembered to buy the milk. a She remembered and then she bought the milk. b She remembered after she had bought the milk. 4 He remembered seeing her there. a He remembered and then saw her there. b He remembered that he had seen her there.

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7

2

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Read the sentences and choose the correct

4 Circle the correct alternatives.

meaning.

1 Look outside! Everybody’s wearing T-shirts and

1 You can’t leave until the interval. It’s prohibited.

sunglasses. It must/might be very warm.

a You mustn’t leave until the interval.

2 Emma looks pale today. She could/can be ill.

b You don’t have to leave until the interval.

3 We should enter the competition. You never know –

2 My sister has to work late on Fridays. It’s the rule.

we might/must win.

a My sister must work late on Fridays.

4 It can’t/might not be Sue’s birthday today. I went

b My sister can work late on Fridays.

to her birthday party last month!

3 You must wear a helmet on a motorbike.

5 Sally may/must win the race if she gives it a try.

a You have to wear a helmet on a motorbike.

She has as much chance as everybody else.

b You should wear a helmet on a motorbike.

5 Complete the sentences with the modal verbs in

4 You don’t have to pay for the CD. It’s free.

the box.

a You mustn’t pay for the CD.

must  ​have to  ​needn’t  ​shouldn’t  ​mustn’t

b You needn’t pay for the CD. 5 You ought to see the new James Bond film. It’s

1 You

great.

asking me. I was really angry about it.

b You need to see the new James Bond film.

3 Dan

6 We don’t have to go to school in the evenings.

4 You

b We needn’t go to school in the evenings.

5 Amy

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

1 I advise you to go home and rest. .

2 We aren’t allowed to leave early. .

3 It isn’t necessary to bring your own tennis balls. .

4 The children aren’t permitted to ride their bicycles

the words in brackets. 1 She 2 They

.

5 Sue is obliged to wear a helmet when she’s on the

3 Susie

struck 12 so …

3 I’m really tired and I want to go to bed so … a it might be midnight.

She slept all the way through it. (might / get) lost. (could /

5 We had a good chance. We

7 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 Andy may have been there before. 2 Tina doesn’t have to work there anymore. 3 You ought to help your dad in the garden. 4 Rebecca needn’t have spent all that money on

b it can’t be midnight. c it must be midnight.

(can’t / hear) last night’s storm.

win) the race. .

1 It’s still light outside so … 2 It’s dark and the church clock has just

(may / leave) hours ago. I

haven’t seen them for ages.

building site.

3 Match the sentence halves.

(must / know) we were coming.

4 Tim didn’t get back until late last night. He

in the street.

Sue

have eaten all the chocolates

because there aren’t any left in the box.

has to  ​should  ​can’t  ​ mustn’t  ​needn’t

They

wear ordinary shoes in the sports

hall. It’s prohibited.

2 Rewrite the sentences using the words in the box.

You

have bought me a stamp. I have

at least ten of them in my bag.

a We shouldn’t go to school in the evenings.

We

have taken the car without

2 They

a You should see the new James Bond film.

You

drive on the left in Britain.

flowers. 5 You can’t walk on the grass.

8

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2

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Match the definitions to the crimes.



4 Complete the text with the words in the box.

a take someone and ask for

1 burgle

money

2 murder

b take something from

3 mug

someone in the street

4 kidnap 5 steal

c take things from a house

6 rob

d take things that don’t belong to you e kill someone f take something from a bank

2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. culprit  ​suspect  ​witness  ​juror  ​verdict  ​bailiff offender 1 Sophie was a

in a criminal case. She

had seen the crime take place. 2 It took the jury nearly two days to reach a .

5 Match the words to make compound adjectives.

the proceedings. 4 The police caught the

in a small side

street. He was still holding the bag he had stolen. in custody. They

5 The police have a

aren’t sure she committed the crime but they think she did and they are going to charge her. was on trial in court. He stood in

6 The

the dock and answered questions about the crime. 7 Last week, Fiona was a

in court. She

sat with 11 other people and had to decide whether someone was guilty or not.

3 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 We are certain about/over the whereabouts of the criminal gang. 2 Jenny was very polite to/at the new clients. 3 I’m jealous about/of Susie because she got better marks than me in the exam. 4 Andy was late of/for school this morning. 5 Sandy was guilty of/for vandalising one of the classroom walls. 6 I’m excited about/over going away next weekend. 7 In my opinion, this book isn’t suitable from/for young children. 8 I didn’t know that Emily was capable of/at running

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In a criminal case, there is a (1) who hears the case and a (2) of 12 people who have to decide on whether the (3) – the person on trial in (4) – is guilty or not. The judge calls various (5) to speak. These are people who saw the crime take place. Sometimes, the (6) – the person who was mugged or attacked – is questioned or makes a (7) . At the end, if guilty, the person in the dock is given a (8) . This could be time in prison if the crime is serious or just a (9) of a few hundred euros if it is a minor (10) .

is a court official who organizes

3 The

so fast.

jury  ​fine  ​statement  ​court  ​judge  ​sentence victim  ​misdemeanour  ​ defendant  ​witnesses

1 hard- 2 single- 3 cold- 4 cool- 5 plain- 6 public-

a minded b spoken c hearted d hitting e spirited f headed

6 Complete the sentences with the compound adjectives in 5. . She never gives

1 Jenny is extremely up on trying to achieve her goal.

documentary

2 It was a shocking and about child labourers in India.

guy. He says exactly what

3 Donald is a

he thinks, even if people don’t like to hear it. act. She gave the

4 Zoe did a very

money she had raised to the appeal to build a new village hall. . He has no feelings or

5 I think Sam is sympathy for anyone. 6 Paul is

under pressure. He’s always

very calm.

7 Circle the odd one out. 1 burgle

robber

mug

2 crime

offender

misdemeanour

3 culprit

suspect

victim

4 sentence

arrest

fine

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9

1–2

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Correct the errors in the sentences.

4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1 We’ve been waited here since half past two.

have  ​had  ​been  ​did

2 I haven’t played hockey before last Tuesday.

1 You didn’t

to wash up but thanks for

doing it anyway.

3 You mustn’t make a donation but you can if you’d

thrown away all the

2 Amy shouldn’t

old newspapers. It was the wrong thing to do.

like to.

you take on your

3 How many photos



holidays?

4 They should helped Tina with the washing up last

this hat for years.

4 I’ve

night.

windsurfing yet?



5 Have they

5 How many times have you been breaking your arm?

6 Andy must have

at the wedding. He

was the bride’s brother.



into his house.

1 I knew/have known/have been knowing Ben for years. He’s my best friend. 2 He was really full because he ate/had eaten/had been eating three huge sandwiches. 3 Ivan lives/is living/has lived in this apartment for

you been swimming?

8 Where

5 Choose the best option to complete the sentences. 1 How long

French?

a they have studied

b have they studied

4 Jenny left/has left/has been leaving work three

a has she met

Doing sport will damage it.

5 My advice is that you have to/must/ought to write 6 The evidence is clear. Amy Simms must/may/

a should

person who had the key to the victim’s room.

5 Penny

7 You needn’t/mustn’t/couldn’t have driven all this way to see me. Why didn’t you just phone? 8 You should have invited/be invited/have inviting Amanda to the party. She’ll be upset.

be more careful with that.

4 You

could be the murderer because she is the only

b ought wear red – it doesn’t suit her.

a needn’t 6 I

b shouldn’t Sue for years.

a have known

b have been knowing

6 Translate the sentences into your own language.

3 Look at the answers and complete the questions with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. she

b doesn’t have to

a mustn’t

Joan a letter. But you decide what to do.

b has she been meeting do sport until her knee is OK.

3 Jennifer

hours ago.

1 How long

a famous person?

2 How many times

two years. He likes it here.

(stay) at

that hotel?

1 How long have they been playing computer games? 2 I had never seen the film before yesterday.

About two weeks. She leaves on Friday. Tamsin

2 What

(just / eat)

before you met her?

3 We should speak to Graham.

Oh, a hamburger, I think.

4 Joe doesn’t have to wash the dishes. you

3 How many people



(invite) to your birthday party?

5 John could have won the competition.

Oh, 50 so far. It’ll be great. they

4

found his key so he could get

7 Tom

2 Circle the correct alternatives.

(wait) long?

About an hour. They look tired and miserable. 5 What time

you

(get) to

school this morning? Half past seven. 10

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1–2

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Add a word from the box to each list. witness  ​defendant  ​newsreader  ​ juror  ​ journalist  ​mugger 1 editor

reporter

2 culprit

suspect

3 presenter

chat show host

4 bailiff

judge

5 victim

passer-by

6 kidnapper

burglar

5 Write words from the box for the descriptions. plain-spoken  ​hard-hitting  ​public-spirited  ​ cold-hearted  ​single-minded  cool-headed 1 Henry says exactly what he thinks. 2 This report is very critical of the government. 3 Amy has no feelings. 4 Amanda likes to help people in the community.

2 Write words from 1 for the descriptions. 1 In court, this person is on trial and will be found guilty or not guilty of a crime.

5 Jo is ambitious and knows what she wants. 6 Simon is calm even when things are difficult.

2 A person who interviews celebrities on TV.

6 Choose the correct synonyms for the words in 3 The police think this person has committed a crime.

bold. 1 I enjoy browsing the newspapers on a Sunday

4 Someone who attacks and robs people in the streets.

morning. a looking through slowly

b reading in detail

5 Someone who has seen a crime.

2 My newspaper has a very objective point of view.

6 A person who has been harmed by a criminal.

a biased

b impartial

3 We heard about it in a news flash. a a regular daily news programme

3 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 This morning, two thieves stole/robbed a jeweller’s shop in the High Street. 2 Some celebrities refuse to give/make interviews unless they have something to promote. 3 I hate the way that the broadcast media is fooling/ dumbing down the news these days. 4 Tune/Turn in to the sports news every Saturday afternoon on FAB FM! 5 Paula is always channel jumping/hopping. She never watches one programme for more than five

b a news bulletin for important breaking news 4 I get a tabloid every day. a a broadsheet newspaper b a sensationalist paper 5 It was a golden age of British politics. a a successful period

7 Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund form of the verbs in brackets.

4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. of  ​about  ​for  ​to

newspaper, please?

3 People stopped

the warning signs the

4 Andy is sensitive

(call) because we were in

a hurry. 6 I don’t remember

the weekend?

(meet) you for the

first time. It was such a funny coincidence. 5 I didn’t stop

losing the match. We

should have played better. 3 Are you ready

(use) typewriters

when computers were invented.

council has put up near the river? 2 We’re angry

(tell) you that I watched your

programme yesterday. I really liked it.

4 I clearly remember 1 Are you aware

(buy) the

1 Will you remember 2 I forgot

minutes.

b a dangerous era

(lock) the door. So,

it might be open. I’ll have to check.

sunlight. His skin

goes very red if he isn’t careful. 5 Is this DVD suitable

Photocopiable

people under 16?

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

11

3

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 A new form of treatment is tested/is being tested by scientists.

4 Rewrite the sentences in two different ways beginning as shown. 1 A medical magazine says that the number of cases of flu is rising.

2 No major company has cloned/has been cloned a human being yet. 3 The plane invented/was invented by two

.

It The number of cases of flu

.

American brothers. 4 She must have given/must have been given the

2 Many people think that genetics is a fascinating subject.

wrong medicine. That’s why she looks so ill. 5 Nobody had carried/had been carried out such a complicated operation before. 6 The students were telling/were being told to

It

.

Genetics

.

3 Some say that an age of great scientific discoveries has just started.

evacuate the building when we got there. 7 The hotel will have been served/have served dinner by now. We’ve missed it.

2 Rewrite the sentences in the passive form. Omit the agent where possible. 1 Researchers have discovered a new cure for cancer.

.

It An age of great scientific discoveries

. 4 Some people say that a cure for the common cold isn’t necessary. .

It A cure for the common cold



.

2 Someone must clean all the equipment after every experiment.

5 Put the words in the correct order.



1 out / a / tooth / yesterday / I / had / taken / .

3 Someone is showing the researchers around the

2 trimmed / get / you / beard / your / did / Where / ?

lab.



4 The athlete recently broke the world record for the

3 We / had / renovated / in March / the kitchen / .

800 metres.

4 having / pierced / I’m / my nose / tomorrow / .

5 Doctor Smith is treating one of his elderly patients for arthritis.

5 going to / Rebecca / her / tested / eyes / is / get / .



3 Correct the errors in the sentences. 1 The war against disease is fighting right now by the medical profession.

6 they / fixed / get / Will / bikes / today / their / ?

6 Translate the sentences into your own language.



1 Research into the genome is being carried out.

2 Tickets can purchased on the door every evening.





2 Cancer hasn’t been cured yet.

3 The children were be told off when we arrived.





3 The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham

4 Josephine should have promoted by now.



5 The match has being cancelled because of the bad weather.

Bell. 4 She must have gone to hospital. 5 Joe had his hair cut yesterday.

12

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

3

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Match the verbs to their definitions.

1 suffer 2 recover 3 diagnose 4 reject 5 prescribe 6 transplant 7 treat

4 Write the adjective form of the words. Use the suffixes -able or -ful.

a say what the illness is b say which medicine to take

1 cure



4 predict

c feel a lot of pain

2 pain



5 harm

d use medicine to cure

3 hope



6 avoid

e move an organ from one body to another

5 Write the antonym of the words in 4. Use prefixes or suffixes.

f cure an illness or wound g the body says no to a transplant

2 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 These beefburgers sound/taste good. They’re

1

4

2

5

3

6

6 Complete the sentences with adjectives from 4 and 5.

delicious. 2 Thomas felt/had food poisoning, so they called the

1 It’s important to clean things carefully to get rid of

doctor.

bacteria.

3 I’m worried about the side lines/effects of the

He is better than his opponent and playing well.

4 Getting old is inavoidable/unavoidable.

3 Nowadays, having a filling at the dentist’s is

5 Our respiratory system/control is what allows us to breathe.

That’s why cuts and scars heal.

6 Despite advances in modern medicine, some

moment. You can’t just buy them at the chemist’s.

3 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

hour after the operation. 5 Antibodies fight off/at disease.

dizzy. I also

6 The nurses looked after/through me very well

a terrible headache and

when I was in hospital.

nauseous. up a nasty better

bug. You should (6)

soon if you take this medicine that I’m going for you.

to (7)

off

the illness, so you must take it easy and (9) after yourself. That way you’ll over the illness in a couple

of days. Susan OK. Thanks, doctor.

8 Choose the best option to complete the sentences. so she drank a lemon

1 Ruth had a bad and honey drink. a cough

Susan Can  I go to school? Doctor No. Your body needs to (8)

2 It takes a long time to get under/over such a

4 Sandra didn’t come round/past until almost an

a fever and

Doctor  Oh dear. You’ve (5)

1 Wendy passed out/off during the maths lesson.

3 I think I might have picked on/up a bit of a cold.

Doctor What are your symptoms? Susan Well, I (1)

7 Circle the correct alternatives.

serious illness.

look get  ​feel  ​pick  ​have  ​fight  ​prescribe  ​

Photocopiable

these days.

diseases are still

9 Only doctors can prescribe/diagnose some drugs.

(10)

. People just

5 A lot of accidents are need to be more careful.

8 I feel/have a bit dizzy. I think I’ll sit down for a

I (4)

. Everybody thought

she was going to lose.

7 Our bodies are able to remake/regenerate tissue.

(3)

. It doesn’t hurt at all. 4 Amy’s win was

6 Our noses allow us to smell/taste things.

I (2) 

that he might win at tennis.

2 Andy is

drugs I’m taking.

b dizzy

c sick

2 Cells that are diseased are

.

a prescriptive b regenerative c malignant .

3 A noun that means the same as ‘cures’ is a heals

b remedies

c prescriptions

4 The part of the body that joins your leg to your body is your a hip

. b organ

c nauseous

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

13

4

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Circle the correct alternatives.

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

1 If somebody finds/will find a wallet in here, will you

the verbs in brackets. (pass) her driving test if she

1 Claire

tell them that it’s probably mine?

hadn’t driven into a wall.

2 We didn’t shop/wouldn’t shop online if there were

(invite)

2 We would have come if you

any good high-street shops in our city.

us.

3 Where did you go/would you go if you could go

(lose), he would have felt

3 If he

anywhere in the world?

disappointed.

4 If you spent/would spend more time studying

4 If the weather hadn’t been so horrible, we

you’d do better at school.

(not stay) inside all day.

5 What does he buy/will he buy if he goes to the

(not play)

5 We would have won if Tom

electronics shop today?

so badly.

6 If you see/will see Karen, will you ask her to come round for coffee?

5 Circle the correct alternatives.

7 I didn’t go/wouldn’t go out in this weather if you

1 I don’t like you very much, and I wouldn’t help you

gave me a thousand euros.

even if/provided that you paid me!

2 Read the situations and choose the best response.

2 I’m broke. I can’t go shopping if/unless you lend me some money.

1 You’re in Jenny’s class. Can you tell her about the

3 As long as/Unless you keep your part-time job,

party?

you’ll save enough money for the holiday.

a Sure. If I saw her, I’d tell her.

4 As long as/Even if Joe finds a second-hand guitar

b Sure. If I see her, I’ll tell her.

online, he still won’t be able to afford it.

2 Look! There’s the bus.

5 The customer would have had access to his bank

a I know. Come on! We’ll catch it if you hurry up. b I know. Come on! We’d catch it if you hurried up.

account, unless/provided that he had filled in both

3 Paul’s lost his job and has no money.

forms correctly. 6 If/Unless you have the right pin code, your card

a Oh dear. If he has some money, he can go

won’t work.

shopping. b Oh dear. If he had some money, he could go

6 Write sentences for each situation.

shopping.

1 I have to wash the dishes.

4 I’ve broken my leg and can’t take part in the

2 I missed the football match on TV last night.

a What a shame. You’ll win if you take part.

3 Sue didn’t buy the tickets for the concert.

3 Put the words in the correct order to make third

4 I left my new coat outside in the rain.

have / the / If .

2 had / Jerry / if / left / wouldn’t / he / have / train / on

7 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 What will you say if June asks about the mess in the kitchen?

time / missed / the .

2 Harry wouldn’t have left early if he had known

3 Tom / won / the / competition / prize / might / he /

about the food.

had / have / the / entered / If .

4 If / map / have / he / Jack / hostel / would / hadn’t /

3 I would buy a new phone if I were you.

his / found / lost / the If Jack

.

I wish

1 read / book / loved / Josie / would / had / it / she /

If Tom

.

If only

conditional sentences.

Jerry

.

If only

b What a shame. You’d win if you took part.

If Josie

.

I wish

athletics tournament.

.

4 I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise.

14

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

4

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Match the words to the definitions.

4 Complete the sentences with the prepositions in the box.

1 afford

a good value to buy

2 purchase

b have enough money to buy

3 bargain

c argue about the price

4 discount 5 haggle 6 browse 7 consume 8 cash

d the value of products sold by e look at all the things on sale

9 demand

h a reduction in price

10 turnover

i the amount of a product that

a business f buy and use products g buy

customers want j money in notes and coins

2 Complete the sentences with words from 1. for warm gloves in

1 There isn’t any

summer. I don’t think we should try to sell them. 2 We spent thousands but sold a lot of products, so of the company this year was

the

off  ​ on  ​ back  ​ up  ​ out  ​away 1 I recently cleared

2 The shopkeeper charged me far too much for this. I .

think he ripped me

two new members of

3 We have signed the dance club.

to the shop because it

4 I took the shirt was the wrong size.

5 I told Lucy that the job had very long hours. I think I applying for it.

put her

all our natural

6 We mustn’t use resources.

to Sue?

7 Could you pass this letter Matt asked me to make sure Sue got it.

all her old unwanted

8 Amanda gave dolls to the charity shop.

high. 3 I often go window-shopping and among the clothes for sale without buying anything. with salesmen in the

4 Amy likes to

market to try to buy things more cheaply. 5 This laptop is slightly damaged but I’ll buy it if you – that’s €90 not €100.

give me a 10% 6 I have a credit card but no

, and this

shop will only accept notes and coins. to buy this pullover. It’s too

7 I can’t expensive.

3 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 Can I borrow/lend €50 from you? I’ll pay you back tomorrow. 2 How much money did you spend/buy on rides at the fair last weekend? 3 The shop went bankrupt because the running costs/spends were too high. 4 I don’t have much money so I’m a window shopper/seller at the moment. 5 Felicity’s new job pays her a very good cash/wage. 6 We didn’t buy any new furniture. We got it all at a second-hand/bargain shop. 7 We got a bargain in the January sales/sells – everything in the shops was so much cheaper! 8 There are two customers/clients waiting in the shop. Can you go and serve them, please?

5 Make nouns from the words in the box. Then write them in the correct column. depend  ​ professional  ​ consumer  ​ popular  ​attract rigid  ​ depart  ​appear  ​environmental press  ​ -ism 1

2

3 -ance/-ence 4

5

-ure 6

7

-ity 8

9

-ion 10

6 Complete the sentences with words from 5. in today’s society. We

1 There is a lot of

all shop and buy things all the time. to

2 My sister put me under a lot of come to the party. It wasn’t easy to refuse.

. She’d like to

3 Sandy is interested in

work in a job that involves looking after nature. of Ian’s

4 I was surprised by the

position. He completely refused to compromise. 5 The

of the last train meant that we

couldn’t get home that night. 6 Millions of people love reality TV programmes. Their

is much greater than that of

documentaries. 7 In the past, athletes were amateurs, but today there is a lot more

Photocopiable

the cupboards

upstairs. They are all empty now.

in sport.

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

15

1–4

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Correct the errors in the sentences.

3 Circle the correct alternatives.

1 Sally is been examined right now.

1 What time did they wake/have they woken up?



2 This was Wendy’s first day skiing and she had fallen/had been falling over twice.

2 Giant pandas are said to being on the edge of

3 Swimmers needn’t/mustn’t wear goggles but it’s a

extinction.

good idea.

3 Jack had repaired his car by a professional

4 You should/ought learn how to play the piano. 5 The telephone was invented/had invented over a

mechanic.

hundred years ago.

4 What you would have done if Sam had been late?

6 Lou has had repaired his phone/his phone repaired.

5 If she’ll help, we’ll get it done much quicker.

7 If everybody helps/helped, we’ll finish clearing up



much quicker. 8 Joe would come/would have come if you’d asked

6 If I were you, I’ll join a gym.

him.

7 I wish I have more money these days.

4 Choose the best option to complete the sentences.

8 Sue’s been knowing Joe all her life.

1 It is said that all the oil



a had used

9 I’m not able to finish the job unless you help me.

2 Most of the food was

away when I

got there.



a giving

10 Tom must got home by now.

b being given told by her boss

3 Do you think Sheila



2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

why she didn’t get promoted? a has

(do) her

homework?

an age of great

technological progress. a is said to be

Oh, for about two hours and she hasn’t finished. Ben

2 What

b was

4 This century she

1 How long

(just / make)

before you called him?

5 Jack a was following

b is said for being by the police. b was being followed .

6 Simon has just

Oh, a cake, I think.

a had cleaned his car b had his car cleaned you

3 How much money

well at her interview.

Oh, about four hundred euros.

a gave

(invite) to last Saturday’s

4 You should

the job because she did so

7 Louise

(earn) in your part-time job so far?

special concert. I’ll make sure you get a ticket next time.

b was given

5 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 How long have you been playing that computer

the book

5 Who

(write)

by?

game?

Arthur Conan Doyle, I think. I enjoyed reading it. (release) in

6 How many films Bollywood every year?

been able to cycle to school today. you

8 What can’t find your key?



(buy) a bike, she would have

7 If she

2 Tina may have lost her handbag. 3 She is being told about the trip.

Hundreds, I think.

16

up before 1989.

b had been used

4 It is said to be the best film ever made.

(do) if you

5 John could have won the competition.

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

1–4

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Add a word from the box to each list.

4 Circle the correct alternatives.

verdict  ​purchase  ​prescribe  ​bargain  ​bulletin  ​ juror  ​nauseous  ​borrow  ​ broadsheet  ​smell  ​ turnover  ​cure 1 newspaper

tabloid

2 alert

flash

3 statement

sentence

4 diagnose

operate

5 judge

bailiff

6 taste

sound

7 sales

discount

8 dizzy

sick

9 consume

haggle

1 Jack bought the TV second-hand/sight. 2 I can’t afford/discount to buy the dress. It’s too expensive. 3 It’s an incureless/incurable disease. She will probably die from it. 4 Tim is suffering from a really bad headhurt/ headache. 5 His body regenerated/rejected the organ. It would not accept it. 6 I’m excited about/from going back to school. 7 I don’t think Jim is capable for/of swimming.

5 Complete the phrasal verbs with words from the

10 get over

heal

box.

11 profit

running costs

back  ​off  ​up  ​ on  ​ out  ​away  ​down  ​ round

12 lend

save 1 Tabloids dumb

2 Complete the words with the correct suffixes. that you find

1 I’m shocked by the sensational in some tabloid articles. often has to appear in the dock. give you the medicine you need.

well in their exams.

7 I don’t mind which one you buy. I have no particular . . She is very

thorough in her work. 9 Thanks to the generos

of the parents’

a cold.

9 I think I’ve picked

because it was too hot.

10 The roller-coaster ride is a great attract

6 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 Gary wasn’t aware

the new law.

a of

c over

b about

your holidays?

2 Are you ready

committee, this year’s play will take place. at the

a of 3 I

theme park.

3 Match the words to make compound adjectives.

a make

b for

a spoken

a over

2 plain-

b spirited

5 Can I

3 cold-

c hitting

4 single-

d minded

5 public-

e hearted

c to

a bit dizzy. b have

c feel effects of this drug?

4 What are the

1 hard-

Photocopiable

after his operation.

10 Susie passed

8 I admire Lucy’s professional

the cellar? I

want to get rid of all the old things down there. 8 He has just come

. He must have

eaten badly cooked meat. prefer

ten new members.

7 Can you help me clear

on young people to do

6 Graham has food poison

because he

5 Larry gave his CD player 6 We have signed

doesn’t take too long.

5 There is a lot of press

most diseases.

didn’t need it anymore.

4 Now that he’s had his operation, I hope Paul’s recover

. She

charged me far too much for this phone. 4 Our bodies can fight

to the chemist’s. They will

3 Take this prescrip

all our oil.

2 We shouldn’t use 3 The shopkeeper ripped me

in a criminal case is on trial and

2 The defend

the news so that it is

simplistic and uninformative.

b side

c extra

some money from you until the

weekend? a borrow

b save

c lend

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

17

5

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Rewrite the statements in reported speech.

4 Rewrite the reported commands, requests and suggestions in reported speech. Use the prompts in brackets.

1 ‘I don’t like watching horror films.’ .

She said 2 ‘I’m going to make a phone call.’

.

He told me 3 ‘Louise hasn’t eaten her lunch yet.’

.

They told me 4 ‘We weren’t playing cards.’

.

They said 5 ‘Tom is doing a test.’

.

He told us 6 ‘We’ll finish it later.’

.

They said they 7 ‘We must go and see the James Bond film.’

.

She said they 8 ‘I can’t decide what to wear.’

1 ‘Can you close the door?’ (Dan / ask / Denise) 2 ‘Let’s have a party!’ (Rachel / suggest) 3 ‘Don’t be late!’ (Samantha / tell / the students) 4 ‘Help with the washing up.’ (Joe / ask / me) 5 ‘Why don’t we rent a DVD?’ (Harry / suggest) 6 ‘Wake up!’ (My mum / tell / the twins)

5 Rewrite the sentences using the verbs in brackets. .

She said she

1 ‘Don’t go near the edge of the lake,’ Ian said to the

2 Complete the reported statements with the correct

children. (warn)

words.



1 ‘I don’t like this food at all.’

2 ‘I’m sorry I forgot to bring anything to drink,’ said Diane. (apologize)

didn’t like

Penny said



food at all.

3 ‘You should join a gym,’ Jerry told me. (advise)

2 ‘We played tennis here last week.’ had played tennis

Adam and Joe said the week

4 ‘I never get to school on time,’ said Fiona. (admit)

.



3 ‘I lost my wallet yesterday.’ Alicia said

5 ‘I’ll meet you there at nine,’ said Tim. (agree)

had lost



.

wallet the day

6 ‘I won’t lend you my pen,’ said Jo. (refuse)

4 ‘I’m visiting my grandparents next week.’ Rosa said



was visiting

grandparents the

week.

6 Translate the sentences into your own language.

5 ‘We are having dinner here tonight.’ The twins said

1 Richard told them he had been there the day

were having dinner

before.

night.



3 Rewrite the questions in reported speech.

2 Joe said he would ring me the following morning.

1 ‘What were you doing last night?’ He asked me

.

She asked me

.

4 Dave suggested writing a letter.

3 ‘Can you swim?’ She asked him

3 Andy asked where we had left the umbrella.

2 ‘When did you last have lunch with us here?’

.

5 Harry warned me to be more careful.

4 ‘How long have you lived here?’ She asked me



.

5 ‘Did Joe win the match?’ He asked me

18

.

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Photocopiable

5

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Match the words to make compound nouns.

4 Add the prefixes in the box to each pair of words. inter-  ​extra-  ​over-  ​under-  ​re-  ​multi-

1 back

a seer

2 sight

b maker

3 guide

c bag

1

action

-continental

4 travel

d book

2

sleep

spend

5 air 6 holiday 7 exchange 8 sea 9 sun 10 sleeping

e packer

3

-curricular

-terrestrial

f fare

4

claim

-visit

g side

5

-task

lingual

h agent

6

estimate

statement

i rate

5 Write a word from 4 for each sentence.

j cream

2 Complete the sentences with the words from 1. every summer – the

1 I like going to the

sea, the sand, ice cream and cafés – I love it! 2 We booked our holiday through a very good

1 William speaks at least seven languages. 2 You can have violin lessons but not as part of the normal school timetable. 3 Sally saw aliens from another planet in the garden.

who organized everything. – he’s travelling round South

3 Jim is a

America, staying in hostels and living on very little. 4 I want to change my euros into dollars. What’s the

4 This company has flights that go from Asia to Europe. 5 Jack said that Einstein was quite clever.

?

current

in a tent. It

5 Last night, I slept in my

was warm and cosy but the ground was a bit hard. visited the castle and saw some of the old colleges. on page eight, you’ll

see a list of places to stay and things to do. 8 I’d like to fly to New York. How much is the return

7 We went to Corfu again for our holidays because we like it so much.

6 Choose the correct answers. 1 What do you call a piece of writing that imitates

? 9 You should always put on

when you

sit in the sun for a long time. . I’m on a package tour, staying

10 I’m a

she used her card to buy £200 worth of clothes.

in Oxford. I

6 This morning, I was a 7 If you open the

6 Wendy only had £100 in her bank account but

in a guesthouse near the beach.

3 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 I find it difficult to choose between/over a beach holiday or a walking holiday. 2 I hate queuing after/for tickets. 3 Are you worried about/of missing the plane? 4 Dan and Emma set off/for on holiday at eight o’clock this morning. They’ll be in Greece by now. 5 My grandmother has a bad leg and finds it difficult to get off/out the bus. 6 I have plenty of money. I’ll pay for/from my own

and laughs at something? a a parody

b a travelogue

c a chronicle

2 What’s another way of saying you have reserved a room in a hotel? a served

b booked

c written

3 What do you call it when two young people change places and spend holidays in each other’s countries? a a cross-country trip

b a change trip

c an exchange trip 4 What’s another word for rent? a spend

b hire

c loan

5 What do you call a company that has planes and flies holidaymakers to different countries? a airline

b airfare

c airway

6 What do call it when you feel horrible on a flight?

ticket. 7 Fiona is always complaining over/about my cooking.

a travel illness b travel badness c travel sickness

8 We learned about/off the Romans at school today. Photocopiable

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19

6

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronouns.

4 Read the relative clauses and write ‘defining’ or ‘non-defining’. Add commas where necessary.

helps

1 A careers advisor is someone

1 The man who has just moved in next door is a

people find a job.

famous poet. there is a lot of

2 I live in a city

2 The Pyrenees which divide Spain from France

unemployment.

are a popular tourist destination in the summer. is very

3 My new job is in a company

3 My sister who you met once came over for the

friendly.

weekend.

4 Have you spoken to the employees

4 The nature reserve where I worked last summer has

boss won the lottery? everybody will

5 I can imagine a time

need to speak English to get a job. interests me.

6 Medicine is a career

7 Mandy is a hard-working young sales rep deserves her promotion. 8 Is this the place

I left my shoes?

2 Join the sentences with relative pronouns.

just closed down.

5 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. Use commas if necessary. 1 I once visited Cambodia for my holidays. It is an amazing country. 2 The park is a very calm and tranquil place. We sometimes go for a picnic.

1 Penny lives in a small house. It doesn’t have a

garden.

3 Paris is the capital of France. It is situated in the



north of the country.

2 I remember a sunny day. We all went for a picnic in the park then.

4 An old friend has just moved into our apartment



block. His brother runs the local newsagent’s.

3 John works in a factory. They make cars there.

4 I have an uncle. His company is one of the world’s leading computer manufacturers. 5 Caroline is a hard-working law student. She hopes to get a job in a major New York law firm.

sentences. 1 I remember the charitable trust I once worked for. 2 There’s the businessman I was telling you about.

3 Circle the relative pronouns that can be omitted

3 Could you tell who I’m speaking to?

from the sentences.



1 Jake is a friendly guy who I worked with during the

4 There are many things I’m interested in.

summer holidays. 2 I used to work for a company which paid far more than the company I’m working for now. 3 It was one of the most interesting talks that I had ever been to. 4 Penny was the girl whose parents had been involved in that plane crash. 5 Tim makes model boats which can be bought in some of the shops down by the harbour. 6 Amanda is a lovely person that all my friends really get on with. 7 I spoke to one of the people who worked in the shop and he said that it was a great place to work. 20

6 Rewrite the informal sentences as formal



7 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 Everybody who came really enjoyed the show. 2 Have you met the girl I’m going to get married to next summer? 3 Is this the music he was listening to? 4 My mother, who is a leading neurosurgeon, works in one of the country’s largest hospitals.

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Photocopiable

6

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Match the words with their opposites.

4 Circle the adjective that describes a negative quality in each list.

1 weakness

a initiative

2 dishonesty

b willing

1 efficient

practical

dishonest

3 reluctant

c disorganized

2 outgoing

apathetic

willing

4 apathy

d strength

3 indecisive

intuitive

orderly

5 methodical

e integrity

4 adaptable

weak

methodical

f indecisive

5 disorganized

spontaneous

honest

6 spontaneous

2 Complete the sentences with words from 1. person. He does things

1 Jed is a very

quickly without wasting any time. 2 Lying and cheating and any other form of are things I really can’t stand. in her job.

3 Amanda has shown a lot of

She has started new schemes and contacted new clients. to help,

4 At first, a lot of people were

due to bad weather. Hardly anyone volunteered. 5 Antony is very

in his planning. He

makes sure everything is organized in advance. when she

6 Amy showed a lot of

admitted she was wrong and promised to do better in future. 7 Simon was a

volunteer. He really

wanted to help.

3 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 Mary always goes with the flow/stream. She does what everyone else wants to do. 2 We went on a day travel/trip to Brighton. It is a really interesting town. 3 Amy can be a very sensitive/sensible girl. She

5 Write adjectives from the box for the job descriptions. adaptable  ​ efficient  ​analytical  ​emotional intuitive outgoing  ​practical  ​ 1 We are seeking someone who arrives on time, does the job well without mistakes, and can work without needing lots of help. 2 A friendly, extrovert person required who is good at meeting and getting on with people. 3 We are looking for someone who is good with their hands, and good at repairing and making things. 4 Our company seeks someone who enjoys change, and likes working in different and challenging situations. 5 We seek a person who is good at working with numbers, statistics and data, and good at drawing conclusions. 6 This job would suit someone who isn’t afraid to show their feelings, to cry, to sympathize, to share with others. 7 We seek someone who is good at working out solutions and understanding problems.

gets hurt easily if people talk about her. 4 I don’t understand Adam. I don’t know what does/ makes him tick. 5 Olive has completed her course at university and has got a degree/career in chemistry. 6 I don’t expect/hope Jim to win the race because there are better athletes than him competing. 7 Some companies do psychopathic/psychometric tests to see if a candidate is suitable for one of their jobs. 8 How much does Rachel win/earn every year in her job? 9 We missed/lost the bus and had to walk to school this morning. 10 Could you remember/remind me to bring the key with me when we leave? Photocopiable

6 Circle the correct alternatives. 1 I’ll deal with/of the rest of the customers. You can go for lunch. 2 You should work hard at school in order to get on/ for in life. 3 If you don’t study and pass your exams, you’ll end on/up in a boring job. 4 Sometimes it’s difficult to put over/up with flatmates who don’t do any tidying up. 5 The company has taken on/at six new employees this January. 6 We’re saving over/up to pay for a really exciting holiday. 7 Julie moved out/from last Friday. She doesn’t live with her parents anymore.

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21

1–6

Grammar practice (standard)

1 Circle the correct alternatives.

4 Join the sentences with relative clauses. Add

1 Amy has done/has been doing her homework but

commas where necessary. 1 The coal mine has now closed down. Hundreds of

it still isn’t finished.

miners once worked there.

2 Fortunately, Fiona had taken/has taken the chicken out of the oven before we went for a walk. 3 You mustn’t/don’t have to drive us to the bus

2 My home town has grown in size over the last ten years. It is situated in the north of the country.

stop. It really isn’t necessary. 4 I’m not sure, but I think Colin must/may have been wearing a blue pullover when he left.

3 Shelley is one of the nicest people you’ll ever meet. Her sister is sitting over there.

5 The students had taken/were taken to the police

station for questioning. 6 If you call Claire now, she will/would be able to

4 Buddy Cole was one of the most talented singers of his generation. He died yesterday.

help you. 7 If Patricia didn’t feel tired, she will/would go out with her friends. 8 If you listened/had listened to the instructions, you would have known what to do. 9 I’ll give you your pocket money as long as you do/ did your homework. 10 Amy wouldn’t sell you her mobile phone, even if you gave/would give her a thousand euros.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.



5 Choose the best option to complete the sentences. a have lived

(leave) early.

supermarket on Mondays.

a did you meet

b you met .

4 Rebecca has just 5 Jo

work on Sundays, but she can if

she wants to. b doesn’t have to have eaten Paul’s crisps. He’ll be

6 You

very upset when he finds out. (help) him.

a shouldn’t

5 Wendy suggested

(call) the police.

7

6 Jen asked if Adam

(phone) her earlier.

a If

7 Sue asked what time the following day’s match (start).

b needn’t Pam arrives soon, we’ll have to leave.

8 Adrian asked a where we had

3 Complete the sentences with who, which, when, where or whose.

9 He was a guy a that

b Unless been. b where had we I could work with. b which

6 Translate the sentences into your own language.

1 My brother is the sort of person always has a smile on his face.

1 How long have you been working there? most boys had

long hair.

2 The houses are being redecorated.

was shown on TV last night

was really interesting.

3 If I were you, I would write an angry letter.

the winters are

really cold. 5 The guy

Sue?

3 What time

two months before.

4 Stockholm is a city

b haven’t been paid

a mustn’t (meet) Olivia

3 Julie told me that she

3 The film

by the college.

2 The students a haven’t paid

(not work) in the

2 Tom said that he

2 I remember a time

b lived

a had fixed her bike b had her bike fixed

1 Susan apologized for

4 Jack asked me

abroad since 2001.

1 They

4 Ruth told us that he hadn’t seen the film.

picture was in the paper this

morning is standing right over there.

5 The football match, which I went to with my brother, was really exciting.

22

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Photocopiable

1–6

Vocabulary practice (standard)

1 Write words from the box for the descriptions. indecisive  ​emotional  ​spontaneous  ​ plain-spoken sensitive  ​outgoing  ​intuitive  ​analytical  ​dishonest cool-headed

3 They do things suddenly and without thinking.

6 She is good at looking at things in careful detail.

burn in this sun. had been there

5 Some of the festival-

all weekend. They’d seen some great live bands. .

in history. . She’s

8 Amy suffers from travel

always ill when we go somewhere by coach.

7 We are very calm under pressure. 8 She often laughs and cries, and feels things

of the company are high.

9 The running

5 Add the correct prefix or suffix to each list.

strongly. 9 They are good at seeing through things and knowing what people are thinking.

curable



1 I don’t know Ray. What takes/makes him tick? 2 Please remind/remember me to phone Katy. 3 Wendy went on an exchange trip/travel to Australia. She had a great time. 4 We lost/missed the bus and were late for school. 5 How much do you charge/purchase for a ticket? 6 Harry had/felt a bad cough. 7 The expedition set/got off to the South Pole. 8 I enjoy surfing/skimming the newspaper headlines before deciding which articles to read.

up  ​ between  ​about  ​with  ​away  ​out  ​for these two things. her trainers because

she doesn’t want them any more. something.

3 Joe is always complaining 4 Sylvia has picked

a cold.

5 Jenny has moved

. She no longer

lives with her parents. lunch. It’s my turn. here? You’re miles

from home. lots of customers in

sensitive

3 Add a suffix to make nouns. prefer

depend

4 Add a prefix that means ‘many’. lingual



task

5 Add a prefix that means ‘again’. claim



visit

6 Add a prefix that means ‘between’. national



continental

7 Add a negative prefix and a suffix to make adjectives. avoid



3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

2 Penny has given

pain

2 Add a negative prefix.

2 Circle the correct alternatives.

1 It’s hard to choose

1 Add a suffix meaning ‘lacking’ to make adjectives. hope

10 He is friendly and sociable.

Photocopiable

. Otherwise, you’ll

4 Put on some sun

7 The French Revolution was a major turning

5 He says exactly what he thinks.

her job.

.

2 We booked the holiday with a travel

6 I enjoy walking in the country

4 He tells lies.

8 Tina has to deal

on a journey.

, climbed in and went to sleep.

2 He can never make his mind up about things.

7 How did you end

and headed off

1 Bob put on his back

3 Jill went into the tent, got out her sleeping

1 She gets hurt easily by what people say.

6 I’ll pay

4 Complete the compound words.



predict

8 Add a suffix to make nouns. possess

attract

9 Add a prefix that means ‘too much’.

spend

sleep

6 Read the questions and choose the best answer. 1 What do you call a piece of writing about a journey? a chronicle

b travelogue c parody

2 What do you call an individual characteristic? a psyche

b type

c trait

3 Which word means ‘bored and disinterested’? a apathy

b initiative

c integrity

4 Which word is a part of the body? a hip

b heal

c harm

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23

answer key grammar and vocabulary (standard)

Grammar and vocabulary

11 A ​1 a   ​2 b

Start of year

12 1 in   ​2 at   ​3 at   ​4 on   ​5 in   ​ 1 1 saw   ​2 had already arrived   ​

1 1 wears   ​2 enjoy   ​3 do you    ​ don’t   ​ 4 5 watches   ​ 6 doesn’t wear   ​ 7 does   ​8 live

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

13

moment. George isn’t living with his parents. I am having lunch in the city centre. Wendy and Jack aren’t wearing any shoes. 14 She is sitting over there. We aren’t working at the moment. 15 Are you doing your homework? Which game is she playing? I am not coming with you. We are putting up shelves in the kitchen.

3 1 always   ​2 now   ​ 3 Sometimes   ​4 never   ​5 often

4 1 lost   ​2 broke   ​3 gave   ​ 4 didn’t know   ​ 5 left   ​ 6 worried 8 saw 7 didn’t win   ​

5 1 was walking   ​

2 was Susie wearing   ​ 3 stole   ​ 16 4 Did you meet   ​5 were singing   ​ 6 didn’t kiss   ​ 7 won

6 1 used to play   ​2 didn’t know   ​ 3 was cooking   ​4 would get   ​ 5 saw   ​ 6 was losing    ​7 did you understand    ​8 broke

7 1 has just ridden   ​2 bought   ​ 3 hasn’t eaten    5 got   ​ ​4 has already visited   ​ 6 have you lived   ​7 has owned   ​ 8 didn’t speak    9 ​ Have you heard   ​10 met

8 adjective high big busy exciting

comparative higher bigger busier more exciting

good bad

better worse

superlative the highest the biggest the busiest the most exciting the best the worst

9 1 the highest   ​2 busier   ​ 3 worse   ​4 bigger   ​ 5 the best   ​ 6 the most exciting    ​7  the worst   ​ 8 the busiest

10 1 the   ​2 the   ​3 a   ​4 a   ​5 -   ​ 6 the   ​ 7 the   ​8 a   ​ 9 the   ​ 10 24

Unit 1

6 in   ​7 in   ​ 8 on   ​9 at   ​10 in

2 1 They are playing tennis at the 2

Grammar

B ​ 3 d   ​4 c C ​5 f   ​6 e

subject pronoun I you he she it we they

object pronoun me you him her it us them

possessive pronoun mine yours his hers its ours theirs

1 them   ​ 2 they   ​ 3 ours   ​ 4 mine   ​5 him   ​ 6 yours 1 Are they going to see a movie? 2 What will she say if Emma phones? 3 Who are you meeting tonight? 4 What will you buy Robert? 5 Is he going to visit his aunt at the weekend? 6 At this time tomorrow, I’ll be sitting on a beach. 7 Barry is not going to wait. 8 Jenny won’t have eaten before her friends arrive. 1 were going to    ​2 had rung   ​3 had   ​ 4 had broken   ​ 5 enjoyed   ​ 6 wasn’t doing

17 1 Magazines are published by our company. 2 The documentary will be shown tomorrow. 3 A burglar has just been arrested. 4 Were the houses built in the 1970s? 5 The winner can’t have been announced yet. 6 James isn’t going to be allowed into the club later.

18 1 have to   ​2 had gone   ​ 3 won’t   ​ 4 stays   ​ 5 had   ​ 6 wouldn’t   ​7 had called   ​ 8 would you

19 1 b   ​2 c   ​3 b   ​4 a    ​5 b   ​ 6 a

3  did you get up   ​4  hasn’t read   ​ 5 hadn’t been   ​6 haven’t heard   ​ 7 ’s lived   ​8 arrived   9 lived    ​10 ’ve just made

2 A ​1 b   ​2 a B ​ 3 c   ​ 4 d C 5 f   ​6 e

3 1 known   ​2 forgotten   ​ 3 been waiting   ​ 4 told   ​ 5 had   ​ 6 been living

4 1 has been staying 2 3 4 5 6

had already left had been working have the children been watching have visited have been sunbathing

5 1 When did you first meet Samantha? 2 I met her in 2008. 3 How long had she been working as a journalist before then? 4 She had already been working as a journalist for two years when I met her. 5 Have you been in touch lately? 6 We met last month for a coffee.

6 Students’ own answers

Unit 2 1 1 a   ​2 a   ​3 a   ​4 b   ​ 5 a   ​ 6 b

2 1 You should go home and rest. 2 We mustn’t leave early. 3 You needn’t bring your own tennis balls. 4 They can’t ride their bicycles in the street. 5 Sue has to wear a helmet when she’s on the building site.

3 1 b   ​2 c   ​3 a 4 1 must   ​2 could   ​3 might   ​ 4 can’t   ​ 5 may

5 1 have to   ​2 shouldn’t   ​ 3 needn’t   ​4 mustn’t   ​ 5 must

6 1 must have known 2 3 4 5

may have left can’t have heard might have got could have won

7 Students’ own answers

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Photocopiable

answer key grammar and vocabulary (standard)

Units 1–2

4 1 It is said that the number of cases

1 1 We’ve been waiting here since half past two. 2 I hadn’t played hockey before last Tuesday. 3 You don’t have to make a donation but you can if you’d like to. 4 They should have helped Tina with the washing up last night. 5 How many times have you broken your arm?

2 1 have known   ​2 had eaten   ​ 3 has lived   ​4 left   ​5 ought to   ​ 6 must   ​7 needn’t   ​ 8 have invited

3 1 has she been staying 2 3 4 5

had Tamsin just eaten have you invited Have they been waiting did you get

4 1 have   ​2 have   ​3 did   ​ 4 had   ​5 been   ​6 been   ​ 7 had   ​8 have

5 1 b   ​2 a   ​3 a   ​4 a     5 ​ b   6 a

6 Students’ own answers

2 3



4

of flu is rising. The number of cases of flu is said to be rising. It is said / thought that genetics is a fascinating subject. Genetics is said / thought to be a fascinating subject. It is said that an age of great scientific discoveries has just started. An age of great scientific discoveries is said to have just started. It is said that a cure for the common cold isn’t necessary. A cure for the common cold is said not to be necessary.

5 1 I had a tooth taken out yesterday. 2 Where did you get your beard trimmed? 3 We had the kitchen renovated in March. 4 I’m having my nose pierced tomorrow. 5 Rebecca is going to get her eyes tested. 6 Will they get their bikes fixed today?

Unit 3

6 Students’ own answers

1 1 is being tested

Unit 4

2 3 4 5 6 7

has cloned was invented must have been given had carried were being told have served

2 1 A new cure for cancer has been 2 3 4 5

discovered. All the equipment must be cleaned after every experiment. The researchers are being shown around the lab. The world record for the 800 metres was recently broken. One of Dr Smith’s elderly patients is being treated for arthritis.

3 1 The war against disease is being 2 3 4 5

fought right now by the medical profession. Tickets can be purchased on the door every evening. The children were being told off when we arrived. Josephine should have been promoted by now. The match has been cancelled because of the bad weather.

Photocopiable

1 1 finds   ​2 wouldn’t shop   ​ 3 would you go   ​4 spent   ​ 5 will he buy   ​6 see   ​ 7 wouldn’t go

2 1 b   ​2 a   ​3 b   ​4 b 3 1 If Josie had read the book she would have loved it. 2 Jerry wouldn’t have missed the train if he had left on time. 3 If Tom had entered the competition he might have won the prize. 4 If Jack hadn’t lost his map he would have found the hostel.

6 1 I wish I didn’t have to wash the dishes. 2 If only I hadn’t missed the football match on TV last night. 3 If only Sue had bought the tickets for the concert. 4 I wish I hadn’t left my new coat outside in the rain.

7 Students’ own answers

Units 1–4 1 1 Sally is being examined right now. 2 Giant pandas are said to be on the edge of extinction. 3 Jack had his car repaired by a professional mechanic. 4 What would you have done if Sam had been late? 5 If she helps, we’ll get it done much quicker. 6 If I were you, I’d join a gym. 7 I wish I had more money these days. 8 Sue’s known Joe all her life. 9 I won’t be able to finish the job unless you help me. 10 Tom must have got home by now.

2 1 has she been doing 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

had Ben just made have you earned have been invited was the book written are released had bought will you do

3 1 did they wake   ​2 had fallen   ​ 3 needn’t   ​4 should   ​ 5 was invented   ​ 6 his phone repaired   ​7 helps   ​ 8 would have come

4 1 b   ​2 b   ​3 b   ​4 a   ​5 b   ​ 6 b   ​7 b

5 Students’ own answers

4 1 would have passed 2 3 4 5

had invited had lost wouldn’t have stayed hadn’t played

5 1 even if   ​2 unless   ​ 3 As long as   ​4 Even if    ​ 5 provided that   ​6 Unless

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25

answer key grammar and vocabulary (standard)

Unit 5

2 1 Penny lives in a small house

1 1 She said she didn’t like watching horror films. 2 He told me he was going to make a phone call. 3 They told me Louise hadn’t eaten her lunch yet. 4 They said they hadn’t been playing cards. 5 He told us Tom was doing a test. 6 They said they would finish it later. 7 She said they had to go and see the James Bond film. 8 She said she couldn’t decide what to wear.

2 1 she / that 2 3 4 5

they / there / before she / her / before she / her / following they / there / that

2

3 4

5

3 1 Jake is a friendly guy who I 2

3 4

3 1 He asked me what I was doing 2 3 4 5

the night before. She asked me when I had last had lunch with them there. She asked him if he could swim. She asked me how long I had lived there. He asked me if Joe had won the match.

4 1 Dan asked Denise to close the 2 3 4 5 6

door. Rachel suggested having a party. Samantha told the students not to be late. Joe asked me to help with the washing up. Harry suggested renting a DVD. My mum told the twins to wake up.

5 1 Ian warned the children not to go 2 3 4 5 6

near the edge of the lake. Diane apologized for forgetting to bring anything to drink. Jerry advised me to join a gym. Fiona admitted she never got to school on time. Tim agreed to meet me there at nine. Jo refused to lend me her pen.

6 Students’ own answers

Unit 6 1 1 who   ​2 where   ​3 that   ​ 4 whose   ​ 5 when   ​ 6 which   ​ 7 who   ​ 8 where

which doesn’t have a garden. I remember a sunny day when we all went for a picnic in the park. John works in a factory where they make cars. I have an uncle whose company is one of the world’s leading computer manufacturers. Caroline is a hard-working law student who hopes to get a job in a major New York law firm.

5

5 6

worked with during the summer holidays. I used to work for a company which paid far more than the company I’m working for now. It was one of the most interesting talks that I had ever been to. Penny was the girl whose parents had been involved in that plane crash. Tim makes model boats which can be bought in some of the shops down by the harbour. Amanda is a lovely person that all my friends really get on with. I spoke to one of the people who worked in the shop and he said that it was a great place to work.

4 1 The man who has just moved in next door is a famous poet. Defining. 2 The Pyrenees, which divide Spain from France, are a popular tourist destination in the summer. Nondefining. 3 My sister, who you met once, came over for the weekend. Nondefining. 4 The nature reserve where I worked last summer has just closed down. Defining.

5 1 I once visited Cambodia, which is an amazing country, for my holidays. 2 The park where we sometimes go for a picnic is a very calm and tranquil place. 3 Paris, which is situated in the north of the country, is the capital of France. / Paris, which is the capital of France, is situated in the north of the country. 4 An old friend, whose brother runs the local newsagent’s, has just moved into our apartment block.

6 1 I remember the charitable trust for which I once worked. 2 There’s the businessman about whom I was telling you. 3 Could you tell to whom I’m speaking? 4 There are many things in which I’m interested.

7 Students’ own answers

Units 1–6 1 1 has been doing   ​2 had taken   ​ 3 don’t have to   ​4 may   ​ 5 were taken   ​6 will    ​7 would   ​ 8 had listened   ​9 do   ​ 10 gave

2 1 leaving   ​2 didn’t work   ​ 3 had met   ​ 4 to help   ​ 5 calling   ​ 6 had phoned   ​7 would start

3 1 who   ​2 when   ​3 which   ​ 4 where   ​5 whose

4 1 The coal mine where hundreds of miners once worked has now closed down. 2 My home town, which has grown in size over the last ten years, is situated in the north of the country. / My home town, which is situated in the north of the country, has grown in size over the last ten years. 3 Shelley, whose sister is sitting over there, is one of the nicest people you’ll ever meet. 4 Buddy Cole, who was one of the most talented singers of his generation, died yesterday. / Buddy Cole, who died yesterday, was one of the most talented singers of his generation.

5 1 a   ​2 b   ​3 a   ​4 b   ​5 b   ​ 6 a   ​ 7 b   ​8 a   9 a

6 Students’ own answers

Vocabulary Unit 1 1 1 tabloid   ​2 transition   ​ 3 unprejudiced   ​4 gossip    ​ 5 current affairs   ​ 6 journalist   ​ 7 debate   ​8 skim

2 1 impartial / objective   ​2 skim   ​ 3 turning point   ​4 surfing   ​ 5 sensation   ​6 broadsheets

3 1 surfing   ​2 giving   ​3 hopping   ​ 4 tuned   ​ 5 dumb

4 1 b   ​2 d   ​3 e   ​4 f    ​5 a   ​ 6 c 26

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Photocopiable

answer key grammar and vocabulary (standard)

5 1 press conference   ​ 2 golden age   ​3 social factors   ​ 4 chat show   ​5 news flash   ​ 6 mobile phone alerts

6 1 editor   ​2 newsreader 3 journalist   ​4 chat show host   ​ 5 producer   ​ 6 presenter

7 1 a   ​2 b   ​3 a   ​4 b

Unit 2 1 1 c   ​2 e   ​3 b   ​4 a   ​ 5 d   ​6 f

2 1 witness   ​2 verdict   ​3 bailiff   ​ 4 culprit   ​5 suspect   ​ 6 offender   ​7 juror

Unit 3

Units 1–4

1 1 c   ​2 f   ​3 a   ​4 g   ​5 b   ​

1 1 broadsheet   ​2 bulletin   ​

6 e   ​7 d

2 1 taste   ​2 had   ​3 effects   ​ 4 unavoidable   ​5 system   ​ 6 smell   ​7 regenerate   ​8 feel   ​ 9 prescribe

3 1 have   ​2 feel   ​3 have   ​ 4 feel   ​5 picked   ​ 6 feel / get 7 prescribe   ​8 fight   ​9 look    ​ get 10

4 -able -ful 1 curable 3 hopeful 5 harmful

2 painful 4 predictable 6 avoidable

3 1 about   ​2 to   ​3 of   ​4 for   ​ 5 1 incurable   ​2 painless   ​ 5 of   ​6 about   ​7 for   ​8 of

4 1 judge   ​2 jury   ​3 defendant   ​ 4 court   ​5 witnesses   ​6 victim 7 statement   ​8 sentence 9 fine    ​ 10 misdemeanour

5 1 d hard-hitting​ 2 a single-minded​ 3 c cold-hearted​ 4 f cool-headed ​5 b  plain-spoken 6 e public-spirited

6 1 single-minded   ​2 hard-hitting   ​

3 hopeless   ​4 unpredictable   ​ 5 harmless   ​6 unavoidable

6 1 harmful   ​2 hopeful   ​ 3 painless   ​4 unpredictable   ​ 5 avoidable   ​6 incurable

7 1 out   ​2 over   ​3 up   ​4 round   ​ 5 off   ​6 after

2 1 sensationalism   ​ 2 defendant   ​3 prescription   ​ 4 recovery   ​5 pressure   ​ 6 poisoning   ​7 preference   ​ 8 professionalism   ​9 generosity   ​ 10 attraction

3 1 c hard-hitting   ​ 2 a plain-spoken    ​3 e cold-hearted   ​ 4 d single-minded    ​5 b  public-spirited

4 1 hand   ​2 afford   ​3 incurable    ​ 4 headache   ​5 rejected    ​ 6 about   ​7 of

5 1 down   ​2 up   ​3 off   ​4 off   ​ 5 away   ​6 up   ​ 7 out   ​ 8 round   ​9 up   ​10 out

8 1 a   ​2 c   ​3 b   ​4 a

6 1 a   ​2 b   ​3 c   ​4 b   ​5 a

Unit 4

Unit 5

1 1 b   ​2 g   ​3 a   ​4 h   ​5 c   ​ 6 e   ​7 f   ​8 j   ​9 i   ​10 d

3 plain-spoken   ​4 public-spirited   ​ 2 1 demand   ​2 turnover   ​ 5 cold-hearted   ​6 cool-headed 3 browse   ​4 haggle   ​ 7 1 robber   ​2 offender   ​3 victim   ​ 5 discount   ​6 cash   ​ 7 afford 4 arrest 3 1 borrow   ​2 spend   ​3 costs   ​ 4 shopper   ​5 wage     Units 1–2 ​6 second-hand    ​7 sales   ​ 1 1 journalist   ​2 defendant   ​ 8 customers 3 newsreader   ​4 juror   ​ 4 1 out   ​2 off   ​3 up   ​4 back   ​ 5 witness   ​6 mugger 5 off   ​6 up   ​7 on   ​ 8 away 2 1 defendant   ​ 2 chat show host   ​3 suspect   ​ 5 -ism 1 professionalism 4 mugger   ​5 witness   ​6 victim 2 consumerism 3 1 robbed   ​2 give   ​3 dumbing   ​ 3 environmentalism ​4 Tune   5 hopping -ance/-ence 4 1 of    ​2 about    ​3 for    ​ 4 dependence   5 appearance 4 to    ​5 for -ure 6 pressure   7 departure 5 1 plain-spoken   ​2 hard-hitting ​ -ity 3 cold-hearted   ​4 public-spirited   ​ 8 popularity   9 rigidity 5 single-minded   ​6 cool-headed -ion 6 1 a   ​2 b   ​3 b   ​4 b   ​5 a 10 attraction 7 1 to buy   ​2 to tell   ​3 using   ​ 6 1 consumerism   ​2 pressure   ​ 4 meeting   ​5 to call   ​6 locking 3 environmentalism   ​4 rigidity   ​ 5 departure   ​6 popularity   ​ 7 professionalism

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3 verdict   ​ 4 prescribe   ​ 5 juror   ​6 smell   ​7 bargain   ​ 8 nauseous   ​9 purchase   ​ 10 cure   ​11 turnover   ​ 12 borrow

1 1 e   ​2 a   ​3 d   ​4 h   ​5 f   ​ 6 b   ​7 i   ​8 g   ​9 j   ​10 c

2 1 seaside   ​2 travel agent   ​ 3 backpacker   ​4 exchange rate   ​ 5 sleeping bag   ​6 sightseer   ​ 7 guide book   ​ 8 airfare   ​ 9 sun cream   ​10 holidaymaker

3 1 between   ​2 for   ​3 about   ​ 4 off   ​5 off   ​6 for   ​7 about 8 about

4 1 interaction

inter-continental overspend 2 oversleep 3 extra-curricular extra-terrestrial 4 reclaim re-visit multilingual 5 multi-task 6 underestimate understatement (also overestimate / overstatement)

5 1 multilingual   ​2 extra-curricular   ​ 3 extra-terrestrial   ​ 4 inter-continental   ​ 5 understatement   ​6 overspend   ​ 7 re-visit   ​

6 1 a   ​2 b   ​3 c   ​4 b   ​5 a   ​ 6 c

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27

answer key grammar and vocabulary (standard)

Unit 6 1 1 d   ​2 e   ​3 b   ​4 a   ​ 5 c   ​ 6 f

2 1 spontaneous   ​2 dishonesty   ​ 3 initiative   ​4 reluctant   ​ 5 methodical   ​ 6 integrity   ​ 7 willing

3 1 flow   ​2 trip   ​3 sensitive   ​ 4 makes   ​ 5 degree   ​ 6 expect   ​ 7 psychometric   ​ 8 earn   ​ 9 missed   ​ 10 remind

4 1 dishonest   ​2 apathetic​ 3 indecisive   ​4 weak​ 5 disorganized

5 1 efficient   ​2 outgoing   ​ 3 practical   ​ 4 adaptable   ​ 5 analytical   ​ 6 emotional​ 7 intuitive

6 1 with   ​2 on   ​3 up   ​4 up   ​ 5 on   ​6 up   ​ 7 out

Units 1–6 1 1 sensitive   ​2 indecisive   ​ 3 spontaneous   ​ 4 dishonest   ​ 5 plain-spoken   ​ 6 analytical   ​ 7 cool-headed   ​8 emotional    ​ 9 intuitive   ​10 outgoing

2 1 makes   ​2 remind   ​3 trip   ​ 4 missed   ​ 5 charge   ​6 had   ​ 7 set   ​ 8 skimming

3 1 between   ​2 away   ​3 about   ​ 4 up   ​5 out   ​ 6 for   ​7 up ​8 with

4 1 backpack   ​2 travel agent   ​ 3 sleeping bag   ​ 4 sun cream   ​ 5 festival-goers   ​6 countryside   ​ 7 turning point   ​ 8 travel sickness   ​ 9 running costs

5 1 hopeless, painless 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

incurable, insensitive dependence, preference multilingual, multi-task reclaim, revisit international, intercontinental unavoidable, unpredictable attraction, possession overspend, oversleep

6 1 b   ​2 c   ​3 a   ​4 a

28

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Start of year review (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

the verbs in brackets.

(not wear) her school uniform at

1 Sally

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the weekend. (you / get) up on Sundays?

2 Where

(walk) into the city centre with Josh Oh, and

(not have) much money to spend.

3 Raymond

(like) his new school now.

5 Tim do about it!

(sit) outside. He doesn’t want

8 Robert

(they / earn) each month?

2 Write sentences using the prompts.

5 What

(you / meet) Ruth when she (arrive) at the bus station yesterday?

7 The sun

2 Nathan / always / go to bed / very early. 3 I / often / meet my friends / in the city centre. 4 Sue / sit / over there / right now. 5 She / never / be / on time for appointments. 6 They / not talk / at the moment. 7 you / do the washing up / right now? 8 What time / school / usually / start?

(shine) and the birds (sing) as I walked into the village.

8 Jim



(Ivan / wear) when you (see) him last Friday?

6

1 We / not play football / at the moment.

(stand) up then

(hit) Adam in the face. We were shocked.

to come in because his shoes are muddy. 9 How much

(walk) back home from (start) to rain.

4 Paul (the train / get) here usually?

7 When

(be) the weather nice?

choir practice yesterday afternoon when it suddenly

(get) older and there’s nothing I can

6 I

Andrew and Steven (go) on their holidays last summer?

right now. Come with us. 4 I

(show) it to everybody.

school and

2 What time 3 I

(bring) a spider into

1 Yesterday, Joe

someone

(drink) coffee with friends when (steal) his school bag.

5 Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. Do not use the past simple or past continuous. 1 Claire

(play) the violin when she was

young, but she doesn’t play it anymore. 2 Jeff had to go back home because he (forget) his school books. 3 When we were small children, we

(try)

to stay awake at night but it was impossible! 4 We didn’t want any of Jo’s sandwiches because we (already / eat). 5 The post

(not arrive) when I left home

this morning.

3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

My sister is a clothes designer. She (1) (design) really exciting clothes. In fact, I (2) (wear) one of her skirts right now. She (3) (stay) with us this month but most of the time she (4) (not live) in Spain. She (5) (have) an apartment in Milan. Every May, she (6) (go) to a fashion show in New York. She (7) (meet) lots of interesting people there but she (8) (not spend) much time socializing. That’s because she’s so busy!

6 In the 19th century, very young children (work) in coal mines.

6 Write sentences using the prompts and the words in brackets. 1 Olivia / buy / a new coat. (just) 2 Ray / have a job / before? (ever) 3 Louise / find / a Roman coin. (a week ago) 4 Gary / not see / the horror film. (yet) 5 Patrick / write / ten emails? (last night)

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29

Start of year review (plus)

7 Complete the table with comparatives and superlatives.

10 Complete the sentences with in, at or on. my own.

1 I enjoy being

adjective

comparative

superlative

top of the TV.

2 The book is

night.

narrow

3 I don’t like walking home alone

bad

4 I’ll be there

a moment.

tidy

5 We met up

Easter.

comfortable

6 Wait for me

the corner of the street.

far

7 Roger was sitting

wet

8 Amy is rude

8 Complete the sentences with comparatives or superlatives from 7. 1 It rained all day, every day. We were soaked to the skin. It was

holiday we’ve ever had.

2 Amy is much

than her brother. She

always puts her clothes carefully in cupboards. one. We had to breathe in to squeeze through it.

times. sea.

9 She spent two weeks

the weekend?

10 What are you doing

11 Complete the table with the correct words. subject pronoun

object pronoun

possessive possessive pronoun adjective

I

than the first

3 The second tunnel was

a café when I saw him.

you he

than last

4 My grade this year was

her

year’s grade. I got 70%. Last year I got 80%. away from Spain than

5 Scotland is

its we

England is.

their

bed I’ve ever slept in. It’s so

6 This is

soft and it makes you feel relaxed. 7 Generally speaking, it rains more in the north of than London.

England. Manchester is

than my old coat. It

8 My new coat is

has a fur lining and feels really nice to wear.

9 Complete the sentences with the correct words. money! I’m broke!

1 I haven’t got

friends for dinner. Just a

2 We only invited

handful. We didn’t want lots of people there. radio.

3 I really enjoy listening to

free time at all this weekend so

4 I don’t have I can’t help.

weekend.

people were there at the meeting? personal assistant for a

7 Paula works as

multinational company. cola? I’m thirsty.

9 Could you get me

moment to fill in the form.

10 It only took 11 Jim has never had

luck with the lottery. He’s

only won a few euros from time to time. 12 I always go to the gym on 13 There are

older sister,

always arguing with Anne.

2 We’re the best team in the league. No other team .

can beat

3 The blue purse belongs to my sister, but the red .

one doesn’t. It isn’t

isn’t very

4 Mr Graham is friendly, but generous.

,

5 Somebody gave me this, but it isn’t so can I leave it here?

coats on the hangers? They keep throwing them on the floor. 7 Fiona and I have bought a car together. We can’t !

believe it’s

German, but not much!

8 I speak

1 Joe has two sisters, Anne and Rebecca. He’s

6 Could you ask the children to put

5 Simon often plays rugby at 6 How

12 Complete the sentences with words from 11.

Thursday.

aunt a bracelet for her

8 Daniel gave

birthday. She was very pleased with it. own basket where it sits

9 Our dog has all day chewing bones. 10 Is this

? Nobody else wants it, so if it

isn’t, you can take it anyway.

really nice people in my class at

school. 14 I’m doing my homework at 30

moment.

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Start of year review (plus)

13 Read the sentences and choose the best

16 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

response.

the verbs in brackets.

1 Look how windy it is.

1 What

buy a newspaper.

2 Have you already arranged to meet Stephanie?

have had enough time to get to the station.

b Yes. We’re having a coffee together at two.

rain.

the song contest? a In my opinion, I think Swing will win.

5 Provided that you return the form by Monday, we

b In my opinion, I think Swing is going to win.

(offer) you a place on the course. 6 If Sandra played the piano, she

4 Jenny hasn’t arrived yet.

(perform) in tonight’s concert.

a Really? I didn’t know. OK. I’ll ring her. b Really? I didn’t know. OK. I’m going to ring her.

7 If you

5 What do you intend to do with that wood?

8 We

(not win) the match unless we (leave) at nine, she would

9 If Louise

b I bought it specially. I’m going to make a table

have got here in plenty of time.

out of it.

you

10 Where

6 Do you think this will be finished before lunch?

(put) the

sofa if you decide to buy it?

a Yes. By lunchtime, I’ll have finished it.

11 I

b Yes. By lunchtime, I’ll be finishing it.

(not eat) George’s sandwich if I’d

known he wanted it.

14 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

(say) anything horrible about

12 If she

1 ‘Do you often spend your holidays here?’ she asked. .

my coat, I’ll be really upset. you

13

2 ‘Jo isn’t doing anything at the moment,’ she said.

(do) it all again if

you had the chance? .

14 Wendy won’t do well in her exams if she

3 ‘We’re going to call Ralph tomorrow,’ they told us.

(not work) any harder. .

(go) to the barbecue this

15 Colin

4 ‘I spoke to David two days ago,’ she said.

evening if he ate meat. .

5 ‘How much money does she have at this moment?’ he asked.

17 Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

.

1 Tom has

.

a just

broken his arm. It happened

five minutes ago.

6 ‘She hasn’t signed the document yet,’ he said. He said

(boil) water it turns into steam.

start playing a bit better.

a I bought it specially. I’ll make a table out of it.

He asked me

(start) to

4 We’ll go for a picnic unless it

3 Who do you think has the best chance of winning

He said

(get) up earlier, he would

3 If Darren

a Yes. We’ll have a coffee together at two.

They told us

(not be) closed, I’d

2 If the newsagent’s

b I know. The roof is going to blow off.

She said

(see) if she

went and had a look?

a I know. The roof will blow off.

She asked

she

15 Write sentences using the prompts.

b ever

c already Sophie is ready. So,

2 We’ll head off please wait.

1 The novel / write / by James Smith / last year.

a before



3 Amanda hasn’t bought that coat

2 The new road / not open / yet.

a never



4

3 The thieves / arrest / by the police / at this moment.

b as soon as b just

. c yet

Tom was working in the garden, I made lunch.



a Yet

4 The students / not tell / their results / until tomorrow.

5 We’ve been staying here



a during

b While b since

5 Sally / should / promote / last month.

6 Jack moved in two years



a before

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b last

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c On four months. c for . c ago 31

1

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the verbs in brackets.

the verbs in brackets.

1 I

1 I’ve

(just / make) some biscuits. They’re

nicer than the ones I

(make) last week.

2 In the past, children

(work) in factories

and

(live) in unsanitary houses.

3 Rick

2 Susie got absolutely soaked because she (forget) to bring her umbrella. 3 We

(already/

4 Tim has

watch) the film on Channel 1 two nights earlier. 4 We

(get) there late because the train Sally

(write) those

letters yet? She

5 I

I felt very hungry by twelve o’clock. you

(renovate) that old house? Will you finish the work soon?

ago, so they should be finished.

1 When / Jenny / join / the book club?

(not eat) very much for breakfast so

6 How long

(start) them hours

2 Write questions for the answers using the prompts.

(tell) that awful joke at least

four times already.

(be delayed) back in Manchester. 5

(wait) for you for ages. Why are

you so late?

(just / change) the channel.

Why? Well, because he

(know) Simon all my life.

5 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.



Sally (1) (work) as a journalist in London for six months when I first (2) (meet) her in the summer of 2008. The week before, she (3) (just / write) a couple of important articles about British politics for her newspaper. Since then, Sally and I (4) (be) friends. She (5) (help) me many times in my career as a reporter and we (6) (have) a lot of fun together from time to time. She (7) (travel) in South America for the last month or so. She (8) (send) me a postcard last week, saying that she (9) (interview) a leading politician there earlier in the day, and that she (10) (have) a great story for one of the tabloids.

Oh, on the fifth of September. 2 How long / Simon / have / a bad cold? Oh, for a couple of days. He feels awful. 3 When / he / write / the play? Two years ago. 4 he / lose / his umbrella? Yes. He can’t find it anywhere. 5 What time / she /get up? Seven o’clock this morning.

3 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

6 Translate the sentences into your own language.

1 I’ve been to the gym … a last weekend.

c twice this weekend.

b since Tuesday.

d a couple of days ago.

1 Amy had been playing tennis for an hour when we arrived.

2 He’s been playing computer games …



a twice today.

c from two to three o’clock.

2 I’ve just bought a new coat.

b all afternoon.

d last night.



3 He had been phoning Donald …

3 How many times have you fallen off your bike?

a since he got in.

c twice today.



b these days.

d but he has been busy.

4 Jo has been listening to music since she got home.

4 Josephine has left the school …



a since two o’clock. c before you rang.

5 Sue felt tired because she had been working hard

b five minutes ago.

all day.

d and is on her way home.

5 Sean had gone home … a since five o’clock. c as soon as the bell had rung. b before the lesson ended. 32

d from two hours.

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1

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Write a word for each definition.

4 Make compound nouns with the words in the box. Then complete the sentences.

1 a sensationalist newspaper

broad  ​ reader  ​ pod  ​web  ​cast  ​ spot  ​ sheets head  ​news  ​ light lines  ​pages  ​

2 a period of change 3 not impartial or objective 4 someone who writes newspaper articles

1 I downloaded a

5 a type of TV programme that is informative

always smiles at the end of each story.

6 a person who decides what goes in a newspaper

, and all

3 This website has hundreds of of them are full of information.

tend to be huge and shocking

4 Tabloid

7 a serious newspaper

sometimes.

8 a type of TV programme on which someone

.

5 Some celebrities love being in the

interviews celebrities

They enjoy the fame and attention.

9 a shock or gossip 10 a discussion about something serious by people with opposing views

2 Complete the sentences with the correct words. the

1 Emma spends most afternoons internet.

an interview to a

2 Brad Pitt has just leading Spanish magazine.

because she can’t

3 Emily likes channel

concentrate on one programme for long. in to his favourite radio

programme every day. down the

5 I hate the way tabloids news. We’re not all stupid! 6 Most mornings, I

on my local news

2 I like the way the

about things like history, geography or wildlife

4 Greg

of my favourite

comedy programme onto my laptop.

the newspaper

headlines to see if there is anything interesting to read in more depth.

3 Write a word for each definition. 1 someone on a news programme who looks at a story in careful detail 2 the person in charge of commissioning and planning a TV programme 3 the person who is in front of the camera on a TV

to

6 I prefer reading serious sensationalist tabloids.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1 The discovery of America was a major turning in history. just in. A

2 There is some breaking plane has crashed in India.

3 Tabloid newspapers are often referred to as gutter . 4 I watched an interesting current programme about the state of the economy. 5 The president spoke to journalists at a press . influenced the

6 A lot of different social

change in moral attitudes in the 1970s. asked the pop star a

7 The chat show

lot of questions about her private life. in

8 The 19th century was a golden British history.

9 I get most of my news and information from mobile phone 10 The next short news

. will be at ten

o’clock.

news programme and tells you what the day’s news is 4 a long historical period 5 someone who interviews celebrities on a TV programme 6 a news programme that suddenly appears on TV or radio to inform you of a major news story that has just happened

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33

2

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modal

4 Complete the sentences with an appropriate

verbs.

modal verb.

1 I advise you to do more exercise.

1 The baby slept all the way through the storm. She have heard a thing.

2 It isn’t necessary to buy a ticket in advance.

2 You



3 I don’t know where Joe and Sylvia are. They

3 Pedestrians aren’t permitted to cross the road except at the zebra crossing.

drive on the left in Japan. have gone home already. have borrowed my bike

4 Tommy

without asking me. I was really angry about it.

4 The students aren’t allowed to run in the corridor.

5 Dan

have lent me his tennis racket. I

have two of my own.

5 Tony is obliged to wear a helmet when he’s

6 We phoned Tina and told her what time we’d arrive.

climbing.

She



have known we were coming.

5 Read the situations and complete the sentences

2 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modal verbs.

with the correct form of the words in brackets. 1 We didn’t win the race because we were unlucky.

1 David made some sandwiches but it wasn’t

With a bit of luck, we

(could / win) the

race.

necessary. any sandwiches.

David

2 I advised you to go to the doctor but you didn’t go

2 William was advised to clean his room yesterday. his room.

William

3 It was wrong of Louise to get angry with her

and now you’re feeling worse. You

(should / go) to the doctor.

3 We can tidy up the school without Tim. Tell him to

parents.

go home. angry.

Louise

Tim

4 It was a mistake for the teacher not to give her

(need / stay) behind after school.

4 You are not allowed to wear ordinary shoes in the

students any homework.

sports hall. It’s prohibited. some

The teacher

You

homework.

(must / wear) ordinary shoes in

the sports hall.

5 It is very likely that Thomas lost his wallet when he

5 It’s against regulations to go on a building site

was at the fairground.

without a helmet. at the

Thomas

You

fairground.

(must / put) a helmet on.

6 Sam’s coat is still hanging in the cloakroom.

6 It’s possible that Rachel has missed the bus. the bus.

Rachel

He

(can / leave) yet.

6 Translate the sentences into your own language.

3 Complete the sentences with the modal verbs in the box.

1 Carl doesn’t have to go to work today.

may  ​ can’t  ​might could  ​must  ​ 1 Maria

2 Max needn’t have stayed late at school yesterday.

win the race if she tries hard.

She has as much chance as everybody else. be Sue’s birthday today. She had a

2 It

birthday party last month! 3 Look outside! Everybody’s wearing shorts and be very warm.

T-shirts. It

4 I’d like to enter the competition. You never know – I

3 You ought to try and keep your room tidy. 4 You can’t ride your bicycle on the pavement. 5 Jo may have played tennis before.

win. 5 Jo looks very pale today. She 34

be ill.

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2

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Write the correct crime verbs.

4 Complete the text with appropriate words.

is to take someone and ask for

1 To money.

is to take something from

2 To

someone in the street. 3 To

is to take something from a bank.

4 To

is to take things from a house.

5 To

is to take things that don’t belong

to you. is to kill someone.

6 To

2 Complete the sentences with the correct words. , organizing

1 Thomas worked as a

the proceedings and calling on different people to appear. an awful crime take place,

2 Louise had

and now had to describe what she had seen in

By and large, criminal cases take place in a (1) under the jurisdiction of a (2) who hears the case. A (3) of 12 people has to decide on whether the (4) – the person on trial – is guilty or not. Various (5) who may have seen something are called to speak. Sometimes, the (6) – the person who was mugged or attacked – is questioned or makes a (7) . If guilty, the person in the dock is given a (8) . This could be a time in prison if the crime is serious or just a (9) of a few hundred euros if it is a minor (10) . 5 Write participles to make compound adjectives. 1 hard-

court.

2 single-

sat there wearing a white

3 The

wig, occasionally asking questions, and passing

3 cold-

sentence at the end of the trial.

4 coolin a small side

4 The police caught the

street. He was still holding the bag he had stolen. in custody. They

5 The police have a

aren’t sure she committed the crime. knew he was innocent but was worried that no one would believe him. 7 Gary is a

in court today. He is sitting

with 11 other people and has to decide whether someone is guilty or not. 8 Mary was the

of a mugging yesterday

6 Match the compound adjectives from 5 to the 1 ambitious, certain and driven 2 calm, unstressed and reliable 3 clear and unsubtle in what they say 4 helpful, generous and caring 5 emotionless and uncaring 6 harsh and critical 7 Complete the sentences with suitable words.

– someone stole her handbag.

1 Tim has been accused

3 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

stealing in the

local shop. what was stolen

1 No-one is certain from the shop.

Grant because he has a

new leather jacket. work this morning. stealing chocolate

5 Wayne was guilty

the

crime. time in prison.

customers.

4 Andrea was late

2 A suspect has been charged 3 She has been found guilty and has to

the

2 You should be very polite 3 I’m jealous

6 publicsynonymous adjectives below.

on trial in court. He

6 Rick was the

5 plain-

4 The police said the culprit wouldn’t get away the crime. 5 It was a minor misdemeanor, so she just a warning.

from the supermarket. 6 We’re excited

going skiing tomorrow.

7 This DVD isn’t suitable 8 I didn’t know he was capable

young children. getting

so angry! Photocopiable

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

35

1–2

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

brackets.

(not see) Jennifer since last week.

1 I

4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in 1 It was a bad idea to get so bad-tempered.

2 Emily was really tired because she

(shouldn’t)

(not sleep) very well the night before.



(get) lost on the way here.

3 Jerry may

2 It isn’t necessary to wash the vegetables before

I’d expect him to be here by now.

you cook them. (needn’t)

(do) our homework since we got

4 We

3 It certainly wasn’t Robert. (can’t)

home. Almost finished! (criticize) Karen so

5 You shouldn’t

much. She was really upset by what you said. (forget)

6 I don’t think Joseph could

4 I advise you to work harder. (ought)

that it was Sally’s birthday yesterday. There must

5 It’s possible that you won’t enjoy the film. (might)

be another reason why he didn’t come.



2 Write questions for the answers using the prompts. 1 How long / Danny / dance? For about ten minutes. Look at him dance! 2 What / Tom / just / drink / when you got there?

6 It wasn’t necessary to buy a ticket. (needn’t) 7 You are obliged to shower before going into the pool. (have)

5 Choose the best option to complete the sentences. against the rules to go in the pool when ill.

3 How many photos / you / take / last weekend?

a mustn’t



2 Ted

Oh, hundreds.

b doesn’t have to

hard enough. a lost



3 How long

No, not long. It’s good to see you.

a they have lived



b was lost

b have you lived our breakfast it was

4 By the time we half past ten.

6 How many books / you / read?

a ate



5 How many times

Fifty or sixty.

a has she playing

each space.

b have eaten

c had eaten a famous person?

b has she played

c has she been playing

3 Complete the sentences by adding two words in

6 Translate the sentences into your own language. buy me a present but

1 You didn’t thanks anyway.

been rude to her grandmother. It

was the wrong thing to do. sitting there patiently for ages.

3 Simon

4 Sam couldn’t get into his house because left his key back at school. to wear a uniform at his

5 Jeremy school. It’s optional. 6 Emma must

c had lost

abroad?

c has he been living

No, not yet.

2 Amy

c needn’t

his job because he didn’t work

4 you / wait / long?

5 Sally / see / the new movie?

living in Madrid at

exactly the same time that you were there. 36

swim until he feels better. It’s

1 Rory

A lemonade, I think. The bottle was empty.

1 Andy should get a job. 2 How long has she been doing her homework? 3 Zoe may have left an hour or so ago. 4 I had never thought about working in a hospital until I met Caroline. 5 The children mustn’t play near the fire.

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

1–2

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct words. . He steals from houses.

1 Ben is a

2 The police think Emily has committed a crime. She .

is a

4 Complete the sentences with the correct words. we do but never think of anything to do yourself? 2 I don’t think this film is suitable

. He wears a wig and

3 John is a

people under eighteen. It’s very violent. shoplifting.

decides on the sentence after a person has been

3 Simon was found guilty

found guilty.

4 I think you should be polite . He is on trial in court and

4 Peter is a

will be found guilty or not guilty of a crime. of a crime. She was

6 Janet is the attacked in the street.

. He takes people and

7 Graham is a

people

regardless of their position. 5 Jill is sensitive

. He has seen a crime.

5 Colin is a

criticism, so be careful

what you say.

5 Write compound adjectives for the descriptions. 1 Louise says exactly what she thinks. 2 Sue likes to help out other people in the

asks for a ransom for their release. . He is one of 12 people who

8 Bob is a

what

1 Why do you always complain

community. 3 Tony is very ambitious and knows what exactly

must listen to the evidence in court. 9 Jack attacks and robs people in the streets. He is a

what he wants to achieve in life. 4 Amanda is calm under pressure.

.

5 The programme was very critical of the social

10 Pam steals things from banks. She is a

services.

.

2 Write the job in the media these people have.

6 Jake has no sympathy for others.

6 Replace the phrases in bold with suitable words.

1 Jenny introduces programmes on TV.

1 I enjoy slowly reading through the newspapers at

2 Jonathan interviews celebrities on TV. 3 Patrick plans and manages which TV programmes

the weekend. 2 The news on TV is not biased, in my opinion.

are made. 4 Amy is in front of the cameras on the news every

3 They reported the disaster in a short news bulletin

night at ten o’clock.

for important breaking news.

5 Tim decides what goes in a newspaper.

4 It was a successful and rich period of American

6 Lisa writes articles for a newspaper.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct verbs. an

1 The prime minister refused to interview after the sensational news broke.

because he

2 Gary is always channel

can never find anything good to watch. the headlines first to see

3 I usually

what’s in the papers before I start reading them. the net every evening looking for

4 Joe

interesting websites. 5 Some news stations

down the news.

They only feature human-interest stories. 6 Some judges

two or three criminal

cases at the same time. 7 Andrea was upset because someone her house yesterday and stole all her CDs. 8 You should

in to the comedy

programme on Radio FAB. It’s really funny. Photocopiable

history. 5 It was a time when everything changed completely. 6 He read out the decision of the jury. The criminal was guilty. 7 He had to pay a financial penalty because he had been speeding.

7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 He stopped

(work) and looked at the

time. 2 I remembered

(buy) the newspaper

while I was out, so you don’t need to go to the shops now to get it. 3 He remembered

(see) her at the

cinema. He could still picture it in his mind. 4 We didn’t stop

(have) lunch until we

had finished the project.

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

37

3

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Currently, our understanding of the body (revolutionize) by developments in

4 Rewrite the sentences in two ways. Use the direct object as the subject, then the indirect object as the subject. 1 People are giving charities lots of money to fight epidemics in Africa.

genetic science. (just / give) an injection.

2 The patient



He’ll be asleep in a moment or two.

2 The teacher should have told the students the truth.

3 The importance of using antiseptic (understand) for the first time two hundred years



ago.

(must / give) the wrong

4 Sandra

medicine. That’s why she looks so ill.

beginning as shown. (not carry)

5 Such a difficult operation out before. It really was a first. 6 Everybody

5 Rewrite the sentences in two different ways,

(tell) to evacuate the

building when we got there.

2 Complete the text with the correct form of the

1 A scientific journal has reported that the number of cases of meningitis is rising. It

.

The number of cases

.

2 Many people think science is more important than

verbs in brackets.

A new cookbook (1) (just / publish) which is full of recipes that (2) (design) to make you fit. It (3) (write) during last summer’s major athletics championships. At that time, a number of top athletes (4) (ask) to describe what they ate on a typical day. It is their recipes that (5) (include) in the book. So, now you can eat what athletes eat. However, you (6) (should / warn) that if you want to win an Olympic medal, the recipes (7) (have to / follow) exactly! Buy one now. By next Christmas the books (8) (will / sell) out.

arts and literature. It

.

Science

.

3 Some said that mapping the human genome was impossible. It

.

Mapping

.

6 Rewrite the sentences using have / get something done. 1 Where did you restyle your hair? .

Where 2 The optician has just tested my eyesight.

3 Will someone fix the tiles on the roof of your garage?

3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive form. Omit



the agent where possible.

4 Amy wants someone to paint her kitchen.

1 Someone is showing the researchers around the



new facility.

5 Gardeners are replanting our neighbours’ lawn.

2 Doctor Smith is treating one of his elderly patients for arthritis. 3 Someone must clean all the equipment after every experiment. 4 The athlete recently broke the world record for the 800 metres. 5 Medical researchers have discovered a new cure

7 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 A lot of money was taken from the safe. 2 Jack hasn’t been told if the disease is curable. 3 Anaesthetic was first used in the 19th century. 4 It is said that a cure for old age will be found soon.

for cancer. 38



Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

3

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Complete the definitions with the correct verbs.

4 Make adjectives from the verbs in the box. Then complete the sentences with adjectives.

an illness is to say what the

1 To

cure  ​pain  ​hope  ​predict  ​harm  ​avoid

illness is. medicine is to say which medicine

2 To to take.

1 Washing in disinfectant gets rid of bacteria.

3 To

is to feel a lot of pain.

4 To

an illness is to use medicine to

2 Fortunately, the injection was

is to move an organ from one

3 We are

I didn’t feel a thing.

cure it. 5 To

quickly after a wet start.

is to become healthy after an

4 I twisted my ankle playing football. It was very

illness.

. It really hurt!!

an organ is what the body does

7 To

We just have too much to do.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct words. tissue. That’s

isn’t going to get better, I’m afraid. . Everybody

7 Rebecca’s victory was expected her to win.

nauseous. I’m going to be sick.

. People just

8 A lot of accidents are

3 Fiona took a day off school because she a high fever. They called the doctor. 4 This pizza

form of cancer. She

6 Sarah has an

why cuts and scars heal. 2 I

.

5 We have to work late today. It’s

when it says no to a transplant.

1 Our bodies are able to

that this rain will blow over

soon. The weather forecast said it would brighten

body to another. 6 To

.

need to be more careful. 9 Tina is

delicious. Where did you

at tennis. She can’t even hit

the ball straight!

buy it? for tablets?

5 Did the doctor give you a

diseases are

allows you to

6 Your respiratory breathe.

.

7 Some cheeses have a really strong They get right up your nose!

3 Complete the dialogue with appropriate words. Doctor Could you tell me what your symptoms are? Simon Yes, of course. I (1)

a terrible sick.

cough and I (2) Doctor OK. Well, we can (3)

just a little bit

dizzy at times. Doctor It sounds like you’ve (6)

a

stomach bug. I’m going to (7) some pills. Take this to the chemist’s and better soon.

you should (8)

5 Complete the sentences with the correct words. a cold when

1 You must have picked

you went cycling in the rain last weekend. the baby while I go

2 Could you look shopping?

from the operation

3 Bill hasn’t come 4 Steve passed

a terrible stomach

ache and I (5)

these days.

yet. He’s still unconscious.

the

cough with this medicine. Simon I also (4)

10 Advances in modern medicine mean that a lot more

during PE. He was

unconscious for ten minutes. 5 It often takes a while to get

a bad

dose of the flu. 6 Antibodies are great at fighting disease and prevent us from getting ill.

6 Write a word for each definition. 1 The sound you make in your throat when you’re ill.

The antibodies in your blood stream need to (9)

the illness so you must

take it easy and (10)

yourself.

That way you’ll (11)

the illness

in a couple of days. Simon

OK. Thanks, doctor.

2 This word means you feel like you’re going to be sick. 3 Bad cells that are diseased are described using this word. 4 The part of the body that joins your leg to your body. You shake it when you salsa.

Photocopiable

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

39

4

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the verbs in brackets.

the verbs in brackets.

1 I

1 Mike

(not speak) to Ian again if he doesn’t

(have) his tools, but unfortunately he’s

come to my party.

left them at home.

2 Terence wouldn’t watch TV if he

2 They

(have) something better to do. 3 If you

3 If I

a lift home?

(have) the qualifications, I (apply) for the job this minute!

(not wear) a hat if it hadn’t been 4 If he

so cold out there.

(be beaten) he

(feel) disappointed. Fortunately, though, he won.

5 Dan wouldn’t have any money if he

5 We

(lose) his job. 6 Unless you

(come) if you

(invite) them. So, why didn’t you ask them?

(own) a car, would you give me

4 Gary

(fix) the TV later today if he

(get) up very early, you’ll

(not lose) if Susie

(not play) so badly. She was hopeless!

miss the sunrise.

5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

2 Read the situations. Then write responses using

as long as  ​even if  ​unless  ​provided that

the prompts. 1 Tony’s lost his job and has no money.

1 I don’t like you very much, and I wouldn’t help you

Oh dear. If / he / have / some money / he / be able

you paid me!

to / go shopping.

you

2 I’m broke. I can’t go shopping



lend me some money.

2 I’ve hurt my arm and can’t take part in the

you keep your part-time job, you’ll

3

competition.

save enough money for the holiday.

What a shame. You / win / if / you / take part.

4 The customer would have had access to his



account

3 You know Joe. Can you tell him about the party?

correctly.

Sure. If I / see / him / I / tell / him.

he had filled in both forms

6 Write sentences using the prompts.

4 Look! There’s the bus.

1 If only / I / not miss / film / TV / last night.

I know. Come on! We / catch it / if / you / hurry up.





2 If only / Rob / buy / tickets / yesterday.

5 The library’s closed.



What a shame. If it / be / open / I / borrow / a book.

3 I wish / you / not leave / washing / outside /



yesterday.

3 Rewrite the sentences using the third conditional.

4 I / wish / you / be quiet / now!

1 Mandy didn’t see the movie, but she would have



loved it. .

If 2 Simon missed the bus because he didn’t leave on

7 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 Amy wouldn’t go even if you invited her.

time.

.

Simon 3 Paul could have won the prize, but he didn’t enter

2 I would learn to swim if I were you.

the competition.

3 I wish you didn’t have to go. .

If 4 Jack lost his map so he couldn’t find the hostel.

4 We won’t have any food unless you go shopping.

.

If



5 Sally didn’t help Peter make dinner because she didn’t have time. Sally 40

. Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

4

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct words. , then it is good

1 If something is a value to buy.

something, then you have

2 If you can

enough money to buy it. is to argue about the price with a

3 To

market seller in order to get a better deal. of a company is the value of the

4 The

products it sells over a particular time. in a shop or online, then you

5 If you

look at all the things on sale without buying. 6 To

is to buy and use products.

7 To

is a synonym for ‘to buy’.

for a product is the amount of a

product that customers want to buy.

1 Barry charged me too much money to buy his CD player from him. He

me

! all sources

2 We mustn’t

of fossil fuels. We must save some for the future. our old toys to

3 We

two new members for the team. this pullover

5 I’m going to

to the shop. It’s too big for me. my old clothes

6 I usually

to my younger sister when I grow out of them.

is money in notes and coins.

10

clear  ​take  ​pass  ​ give  ​sign  ​ put rip  ​ use  ​ off  ​on  ​back  ​up  ​out  ​ away

4 We have just managed to

give you to encourage you to buy. 9 The

Then complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs.

charity

is a reduction in price that shops

8 A

4 Make phrasal verbs from the words in the box.

your desks

7 Have you yet? They need to be empty.

2 Write words from 1 for the situations. 1 ‘Ten per cent off all items! We offer ten per cent off! Buy now!’ 2 ‘OK. Here’s a £10 note, two £1 coins and a fifty

8 Jeff

me

going to see

the film because he said it was too long.

5 Make nouns from the words in the box. Then complete the sentences.

pence piece.’ 3 ‘I can’t believe how cheap it is. It’s much less than I thought. I think I’ll buy two!’

depend  ​ professional  ​ consumer  ​popular  ​attract rigid  ​ depart  ​ appear  ​ environmental press  ​

4 ‘I’ll give you £50.’ ‘It’s worth a hundred.’ ‘OK. Sixty.’ 1 Teenagers have less

‘It’s yours for seventy-five.’ 5 ‘We produce a thousand new mobiles every day. That’s because our product is popular and people

3 Beautiful buildings and great shops are just two of

6 ‘I have £20 and the scarf costs £19.50. Thank

the

goodness. I have enough to buy it!’

3 Complete the sentences with the correct words. £100 from you? I promise to

pay you back soon.

s of visiting Paris. from parents

4 Teenagers are under and teachers to do well at school.

. I think it’s important

5 I’m interested in to protect the natural world.

£100 on rides at the fair last

2 We

in the world today.

2 There is so much

We all shop and buy things all the time.

want to buy them all.’

1 Can I

on their parents

than young children.

6 The

weekend.

of the film star at the awards

ceremony surprised everyone. Nobody expected of a leisure centre are

3 The running

very high. They are expensive to run. 4 I don’t have much money so I’m a window

You can’t change the

at the moment.

of his position.

8 We waited for the plane in the

5 Felicity’s new job pays her a very good

9 The

. 6 We got a bargain in the January

her to be there. 7 Paul won’t compromise or change his view at all. lounge.

of the tennis star is so great that

hundreds of people turned up to watch him arrive. .

Everything in the shops was so much cheaper than

10 These days, there is a lot of

in sport.

Athletes get well paid but must train hard.

it usually is. Photocopiable

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

41

1–4

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

3 Complete the sentences by adding two words in

the verbs in brackets.

each space.

1 Philip was really disappointed because he

1 Sue

(not do) very well in yesterday’s exam. got back to the hostel yet.

reason why she isn’t still at school.

and dishonest.

was the wrong thing to do. 4 It

(rescue) by a

4 Last week, two children local fisherman.

that the population will double in

the next few years. made in the

5 An announcement (just / announce) by the

5 A tax rise

government. It’s bad news for everybody, I’m

station when I arrived. I stopped to listen. told why he didn’t

6 Do you think Harry get the prize?

afraid. (play) well, I’ll probably win.

6 If I

Jim

7 What

8 I’d help with the washing up if I

go if you get the weekend off?

8 Where

(have)

clearly-marked footpaths. worked harder at school.

10 I wish (not have) to get up so early

tomorrow morning. 10 Provided that you sign all the documents, the sale

4 Choose the best option to complete the sentences.

prompts.

get up early on a Sunday

1 Thomas

because there is no school to go to.

(go) through.

2 Write questions for the answers using the

you stick to the

9 You won’t get lost as

a bit more time. 9 I wish we

been upset if he had lost.

7 Joe

(drink) if there

hadn’t been any lemonade?

a shouldn’t

b mustn’t

2 If I

Peter, I would have spoken to him

c needn’t

about the housework.

1 How long / he / sit there?

a had seen

b have seen c saw



3 Where

An hour.

a it has

2 you / have to / work late / this evening?

4 I wish she

cry.



a won’t

b doesn’t

Yes, I do, I’m afraid.

been made? b had it

c it was c wouldn’t round the school

5 The children were

3 Who / the film / direct / by?

by one of the teachers.



a being shown b showing

Spielberg, I think. I enjoyed watching it.

6 If she turned up late again, what

4 What / it / make of?

a will you



b won’t you

c have shown do?

c would you

5 Translate the sentences into your own language.

Wood. 5 you / have / hair / cut?

1 The students have been told to bring their own



books.

Yeah. Do you like it?



6 What / you / say / if / you / see Karen?

2 The book is thought to be very well written.





I would have apologized.

3 I would have bought you a present if I’d known it

7 Where / you / go / if / it / stop raining?

42

been rude to her grandmother. It

3 Amy

(say) to be selfish, vain

3 Politicians

gone home. It’s the only

2 Yvonne

(hike) for hours but we haven’t

2 We

waiting for the bus for an hour.

was your birthday.





We’ll go to the park.

4 If I were you, I’d sell the bike.

8 What / you / wish / you / do / last weekend?





5 I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise.

I wish I’d stayed at home!



Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

1–4

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Write a word for each definition.

4 Complete the compound nouns and adjectives with the correct words.

1 the jury’s final decision

.

1 Harriet bought the CD player second-

2 a newspaper with sensationalist headlines

.

2 Jill is suffering from a head 3 the money it costs to run a company from day to

person who is

3 Damien is a single-

ambitious and knows exactly what he wants.

day 4 a court official who calls witnesses 5 a sense which involves using your tongue and is

sales. report which criticized

5 It was a hard-

useful when eating

everybody involved in the fiasco.

6 feeling sick

6 Amy must have eaten something bad because she

7 a big, serious newspaper 8 a short news programme that is shown regularly

.

now has food

. She helps out in

7 Sally is public9 to argue with a shopkeeper in order to get a lower

community schemes. 8 If you take this drug, there will be bad side

price

.

10 something that is sold for a good-value price

. He isn’t afraid to say

9 Dan is plainexactly what he thinks.

11 a sense that involves using your nose

2 Complete the sentences with words made from the words in brackets. (defend) was found guilty of

1 The

going to the concert.

1 We’re excited

news stories.

(profession). There is

3 I admire Stan’s

school this morning. following his

4 When did Ben come

(proceed) when installing electrical wiring.

operation? Was he unconscious for a long time? who Penny is going to

5 I’m curious

nothing amateurish about what he does. 4 We’ve raised a thousand euros thanks to your

invite to her party. all the paper.

6 We shouldn’t use

(generous). (prescribe) to the chemist’s

a cold on holiday.

7 Tony picked

by the CD

8 I think I’ve been ripped

and get these pills. (recover) is taking longer than

6 Andy’s

prepositions.

3 I was late

2 It’s important to follow the correct

5 Take this

5 Complete the sentences with the correct

2 Tabloids often dumb

burglary and assault.

store. I’ve paid twice as much as I should have. in the corridor. He

9 William passed

expected. (offend) who has

7 Gary is a young

3 Complete the sentences with the correct words. tumour. He needs surgery.

1 Bill has a

disease. She isn’t

2 Stephanie has an going to get better.

to coffee. He can’t stop

3 Paul is drinking it. 4 The injection was

. It didn’t hurt at all.

5 The weather in England is

. You never

know what it will be like.

shouldn’t go.

6 Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund form of the verbs in brackets.

(call) me on my

1 Sheila remembered birthday. It was nice talking to her.

(have) a coffee until

2 We couldn’t stop we had finished the project.

(take) the keys

3 I clearly remember with me this morning.

(use) the

dictionary? I need to look up one word.

to your health. They’re the latest design.

any reason why we

4 Have you finished

6 Drinking too much alcohol can be very 7 Jill has bought a pair of very

was unconscious for a long time. 10 I’m not aware

committed a lot of anti-social crimes.

Photocopiable

in the

4 Sarah bought socks and under

trainers.

5 I forgot

(bring) my laptop. Do you

mind if I use your computer?

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

43

5

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Rewrite the statements in reported speech.

4 Read the dialogue and rewrite it in reported speech.

1 ‘I don’t mind being here.’ She said

.

Paul  Where were you going when I saw you last

2 ‘We weren’t doing anything at eight o’clock

night?

yesterday evening.’ They said

I was heading for the library on the corner Ben  .

of my street.

3 ‘You must get a ticket for next month’s concert.’ She said

Paul Why didn’t you stop to chat with me? .

Ben I was in a hurry to return some books.

4 ‘You may know Louise from the evening class.’ She said

Paul I wonder why I don’t believe you! .

5 ‘Lisa is doing a test at the moment.’

1 Paul asked Ben

.

He told us

2 Ben said

.

3

.

4

.

5 Paul wondered

.

.

6 ‘Some of the power cables were damaged in last night’s storm.’ He told me

.

7 ‘I’m going to help you with the cooking tonight.’ .

He told 8 ‘We haven’t finished our picnic yet.’ They told me

.

2 Rewrite the questions in reported speech.

apologize  ​refuse  ​admit  ​advise  ​agree  ​warn 1 ‘I never help with the washing up,’ said Simon. 2 ‘Don’t throw stones,’ said Thomas to the children.

1 ‘What time was it when you finally got home?’ Joe asked us

5 Rewrite the sentences using the verbs in the box.

.

3 ‘I’m sorry I forgot to buy some flowers,’ said

2 ‘How many bottles have you found since you

Louisa.

started looking?’ Pat asked Sue

.

4 ‘I won’t give you any money,’ said Matt.

3 ‘What were you doing when the fire started last



night?’ The police asked me

.



4 ‘What time will you get back tonight?’ Jill asked me

. .

6 When will you do your homework? Mum asked us

3 Write reported commands, requests and suggestions. Use the prompts in brackets.

6 ‘I’ll let you borrow my car,’ said Roberta.

5 Did you do the washing up earlier today? Peter asked me

5 ‘You ought to apply for that job,’ Jennifer told me.

.

6 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 Wendy told them she hadn’t found anything interesting. 2 Ruth suggested holding a party in the nightclub.

1 ‘Switch off your laptop.’ (Ian / Amanda)





3 We warned you not to go there.

2 ‘Let’s go out for lunch!’ (Peter)





4 Rob said he would help me with the gardening.

3 ‘Don’t forget to be home by seven!’ (Steve / Mark)





5 Andrea asked everybody where they had last seen

4 ‘Why don’t we call Stephanie?’ (Harriet)

44

the children.

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Photocopiable

5

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with the correct words. and set off

1 Amanda put on her back on holiday.

4 Complete the sentences with words from 3. 1 I’ve set my alarm for seven in the morning because and miss the flight.

I don’t want to when I visit an

2 I love being a sight

interesting old city full of monuments to look at. 3 There is a lot of information about places to stay .

and things to see in the guide the beach and the sea from her house.

evenings.

couldn’t get home

. She can speak Arabic as

well as Spanish and English. because you don’t

5 Be careful not to

when their package tour company went bankrupt while they were only halfway through their holiday. ,

7 We went for a walk in the country

life on other

planets? 4 Amy is

of France.

5 Air France is the national air 6 A lot of holiday

school hours is volleyball practice on Wednesday 3 Do you think there is

. She can see

4 Sandy lives by the sea

activities you can do after

2 One of the

across fields and hills.

want to go into debt. with other people

6 Maria enjoys the she gets in her work.

how much work there

7 You shouldn’t from Madrid to

8 How much is the air Sydney in Australia?

is to do. It’ll take much longer than you think. 8 Sandra can do lots of jobs at the same time, which

in the

9 If you follow the guide

instruction book, you won’t go wrong.

at work.

is good because she has to

5 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

2 Write the missing words to complete the compound nouns.

1 I can’t choose

the fish dish and the

vegetarian option.

1 They booked their holiday through a very good agent who organized everything. 2 We’d like to change our pounds into euros. What’s rate?

the current

away. It’s more comfortable than a bed! cream when it’s

4 I always put on

summer because I have sensitive skin. we’re going on a 15-kilometre hike across the hills. sickness a lot.

6 Jackie suffers from

3 Amy kindly paid 4 Peter is worried

both of us to go to

She feels nauseous when she goes on a coach.

his job interview. for the

5 What time shall we set

mountains? I’d like to get there before dark. 6 Sam got

boots because

5 Put on your good

into the museum. the theatre.

bag with me every time I go

3 I take my

a ticket to go

2 You’ll have to queue

the bus at the bus stop and

took it into town.

6 Write a word for each definition. 1 to mock or laugh at something in life or politics

trip. He stayed with

7 Bob went on an

an Irish family, then an Irish boy stayed with his

2 to reserve (a hotel room or a restaurant table)

family. holidays. You can relax while

8 I love

3 giving you a real sense of a place being described

someone else deals with all the problems.

3 Write the prefix that goes with each pair of words.

4 rent 5 something you use for drying yourself after going in

1

-curricular

-terrestrial

2

action

-continental

6 a long trip

3

sleep

spend

7 a place by the sea, which is built especially for

4

claim

visit

5

estimate

statement

6

-task

lingual

Photocopiable

the sea

holidaymakers 8 a film or book that describes someone’s travel experience

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45

6

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. Omit the pronoun where possible.

4 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. 1 One of my oldest friends has just written me an

cat has

1 I haven’t met the old lady gone missing.

email. He has recently moved to Canada.

the

2 I travelled round a country

2 Exciting summer jobs in exotic countries can be

standard of living was clearly very low.

found by looking on the internet. They are obviously was

3 We fixed up one of the walls, falling down. 4 I remember a time

very much in demand.

you could leave

3 I thought it was a lovely moment. Harry kissed June

your door open and nobody would steal anything. my

5 Using a computer is something grandfather will never get the hang of. 6 Rob is a friendly guy

lives downstairs.

2 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. 1 Tom has a brother. He is a professional footballer. 2 Do you remember the park? We played rugby there. 3 Jessica left the house at a really early hour of the morning. There were no people in the streets then. 4 I met an accountant. His company works on the accounts of many famous celebrities.

after the wedding ceremony. 4 I didn’t really want the present. Ian gave it to me. 5 We visited a small village. It was in ruins following the bombing. 6 Do you know the name of the shop? Tim bought the TV there.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. Then rewrite them as formal sentences. 1 He isn’t someone I could work





5 In her job, Louise gets lots of tips. She shares them

2 Who is Fiona getting married

with the other waiters.

. ?

3 It isn’t something I could possibly agree



3 Join the sentences. Use commas where necessary. 1 A leading company has gone into liquidation. It employs hundreds of people.

. 4 The place we had to work



5 Amy is the girl I was telling you

2 We visited a wonderful nature reserve. You can see



flamingos feeding there.

was awful.

6 Who are you arguing

. ?



3 The Alps are a popular place to go skiing. They are located north of Italy.

6 Translate the sentences into your own language.



1 Do you know the girl Jo has just arrived with?

4 My brother rang me last night. You met him once.





2 We went to an old castle, where a king used to live.

5 Walter Cavendish has just moved in next door. He



is a well-known poet.

3 Who did you give it to? 4 My uncle, who left home when he was 12, spent most of his life at sea. 5 Aspirin is one of those medicines everyone uses.

46

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Photocopiable

6

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Write a noun for each definition.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

1 a lack of strength

me to buy potatoes on the

1 Could you

2 not telling the truth

way home?

3 disinterest and boredom

what happened last weekend.

2 I don’t

4 honesty and trustworthiness

I think I’ve forgotten everything.

5 inability to make your mind up

3 The kids from school went on a day

6 wanting to do something

to the zoo. They had a good time. gets hurt easily if people talk about her.

1 very organized and thorough

. She

5 Wendy always goes with the

2 uncertain and unwilling

doesn’t like being the leader.

3 good at seeing what’s true

6 I don’t understand Dave at all! I don’t know what

4 friendly and sociable

him tick.

5 very reliable and good at working

in economics, so

7 Rebecca has got a

6 good at looking at complex things in detail

she’s very well qualified for the job. the weather to get any

8 We don’t

3 Circle two words in each list with similar meanings. sensitive

1 methodical

girl. She

4 Stephanie can be a very

2 Write an adjective for each definition.

organized

flexible intuitive adaptable 2 3 extrovert

introvert

outgoing

4 initiative

integrity

honesty

5 unsure

unemotional

indecisive

4 Complete the sentences with appropriate adjectives.

better. It’ll probably rain all day. her purse. She can’t find it

9 Sue has anywhere.

each week in your

10 How much do you part-time job?

the last bus and had to walk all

11 We the way home.

you do well in today’s

12 Good luck! I exam.

13 Andy’s sense of humour is characteristic of him. It . She makes

1 Penny often shows good good decisions and chooses carefully.

person who does

2 Roger is a very

things on the spur of the moment without wasting in his new role.

3 Damien has shown

He has held meetings and contacted new clients. . He likes working with his

4 Simon is

hands and is good at sorting out problems. 5 Julie isn’t afraid to show her feelings and to sympathize with others. She’s an person. – he enjoys change, and is

6 Will is

good at working in challenging situations. person who is good

7 Matt is a friendly,

at meeting and getting on with people. 8 Kerry is good with numbers, statistics and data. In in everything she does.

fact, she’s

9 Kim arrives on time, does the job well, and is very

broadens the mind.

14 I think

Everybody should go to foreign countries and have adventures. 15 A

any time.

.

is an odd personality

in law must be very rewarding. It’s

a job for life and very interesting.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words. all this work. You can relax.

1 I’ll deal

2 Doing well at university is a good way of getting in life. 3 I don’t want to end

in a boring job. Robert’s rude

4 I don’t how you put up behaviour.

some more

5 The company has taken staff for the summer. 6 I’m saving 7 Greg moved

to buy a bike. last Friday. He doesn’t

live here anymore.

in all areas of her work. 10 Jack is

– he never knows what to do

or which option to take. Photocopiable

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47

1–6

Grammar practice (plus)

1 Choose the best option to complete the sentences. each other since 2001.

1 They have a known

since last month.

a haven’t paid

walk home alone. It’s dangerous.

a needn’t

4 ‘Where are you going this evening?’ (ask)

b hadn’t failed

a go

5 ‘Please help me, Jo.’ (ask)

b going

a what we had

6 ‘Why don’t we leave?’ (suggest)

b what had we

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

look fantastic? (lose) his mum.

2 Paul cried because he

(buy) us tickets but I’m

3 You shouldn’t

.

Jennifer 7 ‘Do you want to come round tomorrow?’ (ask)

.

Georgia

(lay) the table for lunch. Doesn’t it

1 Jill

.

Jack

done.

6 Alan asked

.

Maria

out.

5 Joe suggested

.

Tom

the test yesterday.

a didn’t fail

.

Andy 3 ‘I didn’t come here by train.’ (say)

b mustn’t

4 I wish I

.

Susanna 2 ‘Don’t wait outside in the rain, Karen.’ (tell)

b haven’t been paid

3 You

prompts in brackets. 1 ‘I’m sorry I missed the meeting.’ (apologize)

b been knowing

2 The employees

4 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Use the

5 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. Add commas where necessary. 1 Kelly is a friendly girl. She lives in our village.

glad you did. (give) first

4 When we got there, Matt

2 Our house is large and comfortable. It is built on a hill.

aid. We could only watch the paramedics. (tell) to be quiet by his

5 The child must

parents because he was silent during the play.

3 Susanna has just got a place at Harvard University. She is one of my best friends.

(be) able

6 If you come round now, you



to see Tom before he goes. 7 If Graham didn’t eat so much chocolate, he

4 I remember a time. A lot of women used to wear headscarves.

(not put) on weight. (read) the book, you’ll find out

8 If you

5 We walked all the way to the north coast. There is a

what happens in the end. he

9 What

lighthouse there.

(find) if he had

looked a bit more carefully? 10 If the swimming pool



(not be) closed,

I’d go for a swim.

3 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

6 Translate the sentences into your own language. 1 Jake hadn’t been there before. 2 The TV is being repaired.

1 Pay the fee. Then you can start on Friday. (Provided

3 What would you have thought if Tim had refused to

that)

come to the party?

2 We didn’t bring a towel. (If only)





4 Patrick asked if we knew where the post office was.

3 Adam may apologize but I refuse to speak to him



again! (Even if)

5 The people I met were really nice.

4 Susie won’t shut up. (I wish)

48

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Photocopiable

1–6

Vocabulary practice (plus)

1 Write an adjective for each description.

4 Write a compound noun for each definition.

1 Alan is hopeless at making his mind up about things.

1 travellers fill this with clothes and other things and carry it on their journeys

2 Sheila is good at looking at data and statistics in

2 this person helps you book your holiday

careful detail. 3 Donna gets upset easily.

3 people on a two-week package tour, staying in a

4 Fiona is calm under pressure.

hotel and going to the beach

5 David is friendly and sociable.

4 people who watch live music in the countryside on

6 Sarah is flexible and happy to accept change or do

a long summer weekend 5 a historical period when a country is successful and

things differently. 7 Simon is reliable, punctual, works hard and does

rich 6 a TV programme on which someone interviews

everything well and carefully at work. 8 Tom tends to do things suddenly and without

celebrities 7 when two people from different countries take

thinking. 9 Henry is always telling lies.

it in turns to stay with each other’s families

10 Patrick is ambitious and knows exactly what he 8 this controls the way we breathe – it includes your

wants.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

lungs and trachea 9 products such as irons, microwaves and toasters

Julia tick? What is she like?

1 What 2 Could you

me to write to Vera? I

don’t want to forget. 3 Jenny has

her bag. She can’t find it.

4 Rachel arrived at the station late and you to buy a

ticket? a bad cold.

. She speaks four languages.

3 Jo is

company with offices in

8 Ian always

20 countries.

off on a journey.

7 The expedition

the newspaper headlines

before he chooses which articles to read. 10 Sally has just got a pay rise and now

thousands of euros to charity every year. Monaco. It’s a lovely place

and worth going again. 7 I

50,000 euros a year in her job.

this morning and missed the bus.

8 My favourite

is an ornament from

South Africa that my uncle gave me.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. 1 I‘m saving

is remarkable. She gives

5 Jill’s 6 I’d like to

nauseous.

9 After the flight, Sue

. If the two cyclists

had been careful, it wouldn’t have happened. 4 It is an

6 Stephanie

. It hurt a lot.

1 The operation was very 2 The accident was

the train to Edinburgh. She had to wait an hour. 5 How much did they

5 Complete the sentences with suitable words.

6 Write a word for each definition. to buy a bike.

1 a satirical, mocking piece of writing

waking up in time.

2 Louise is worrying

me.

3 Claire is always complaining

2 bored and disinterested 3 from a different planet (compound adjective)

breakfast. What do you want?

4 I’ll pay 5 We ended

at the seaside after driving

4 a part of the body that joins the leg to the body

for hours. 6 William put me

going to London

5 spend too much

when he told me how expensive it was. 7 Jack came

after being unconscious

for 20 minutes. 8 Sally is jealous Photocopiable

her older sister.

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49

Answer key grammar & vocabulary (Plus)

Grammar and vocabulary

9 1 any   ​2 a few   ​3 the   ​4 any   ​ 5 the   ​ 6 many   ​ 7 a   ​ 8 some / a little   ​9 a   ​10 a   ​ 13 some   ​ 11 much   ​12 a   ​ the 14

Start of Year 1 1 doesn’t wear   ​2 do you get   ​

3 am walking   ​4 don’t have    10 1 on   ​2 on   ​3 at   ​4 in   ​ ​5 likes   ​6 am getting    5 at   ​ 6 at   ​7 in    ​8 at   ​ 9 at   ​7 does the train get   ​8  is sitting   ​ 10   at 9 do they earn

2 1 We aren’t playing football at the 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

moment. Nathan always goes to bed very early. I often meet my friends in the city centre. Sue is sitting over there right now. She is never on time for appointments. They aren’t talking at the moment. Are you doing the washing up right now? What time does school usually start?

3 1 designs    ​2 am wearing    ​

3 is staying    ​4 doesn’t live     ​5 has    ​ 6 goes    ​7 meets    ​ 8 doesn’t spend

4 1 brought / showed    ​ 2 ​3 ​4 5 6 ​7 8

did, go / was     was walking / started     stood / hit    ​ was Ivan wearing / saw    Did you meet / arrived     was shining / were singing    ​ was drinking / stole

11

subject pronoun I you he she it we they

object pronoun me you him her it us them

possessive pronoun mine yours his hers its ours theirs

possessive adjective my your his her its our their

12 1 his   ​2 us   ​3 hers   ​4 he   ​ 5 mine   ​6 their   ​7 ours   ​ 8 his   ​9 its   ​ 10 yours

13 1 b   ​2 b   ​3 a   ​4 a    ​5 b    ​6 a

14 1 She asked if I often spent my holidays here. 2 She said Jo wasn’t doing anything at that moment. 3 They told us they were going to call Ralph the following day. 4 He said he had spoken to David two days before. 5 He asked me how much money she had at that moment. 6 He said she hadn’t signed the document yet.

5 1 used to play   ​2 had forgotten   ​ 15 1 The novel was written by James 3 used to try   ​4  had already eaten ​5 hadn’t arrived   ​6 used to work

6 1 Olivia has just bought a new coat.​ 2 Has Ray ever had a job before?​ 3 Louise found a Roman coin a week ago. 4 Gary hasn’t seen the horror film yet. 5 Did Patrick write ten emails last night?

7 adjective narrow bad tidy comfortable far wet

comparative narrower worse tidier more comfortable further wetter

superlative the narrowest the worst the tidiest the most comfortable the furthest the wettest

8 1 the wettest   ​2 tidier   ​

Smith last year. 2 The new road hasn’t been opened yet. 3 The thieves are being arrested by the police at this moment. 4 The students won’t be told their results until tomorrow. 5 Sally should have been promoted last month.

16 1 would she see   ​2 wasn’t   ​

Grammar Unit 1 1 1 have just made / made​ 2 worked / lived 3 has just changed / had already watched 4 got / had been delayed 5 Has Sally written / started

2 1 When did Jenny join the book club? 2 How long has Simon had a bad cold? 3 When did he write the play? 4 Has he lost his umbrella? 5 What time did she get up?

3 1 c    ​2 b    ​3  a   ​4  d   ​5  c 4 1 known   ​2 had forgotten   ​ 3 have been waiting   ​4 told   ​ 5 hadn’t eaten   ​ 6 have you been renovating

5 1 had been working   ​2 met   ​ 3 had just written   ​4 have been   ​ 5 has helped   ​ 6 have had   ​ 7 has been travelling   ​8 sent   ​ 9 had interviewed   ​ 10 had

6 Students’ own answers

Unit 2 1 1 You should do more exercise. 2 You needn’t buy a ticket in advance. 3 Pedestrians mustn’t cross the road except at the zebra crossing. 4 The students mustn’t run in the corridor. 5 Tony has to / must wear a helmet when he’s climbing.

2 1 David needn’t have made any sandwiches. 2 William should have cleaned his room. 3 Louise shouldn’t have got angry. 4 The teacher should have given her students some homework. 5 Thomas must have lost his wallet at the fairground. 6 Rachel may have missed the bus.

3 had got   ​ 4 starts   ​5 will offer   ​ 6 would perform   ​ 7 boil   ​ 8 won’t win   ​9 had left   ​ 10 will you put   ​ 2 can’t   ​3 must   ​ 11 wouldn’t have eaten   ​12 says   ​ 3 1 may   ​ 4 might   ​ 5 could 13 Would you do   ​ 4 1 can’t   ​2 must   ​ 14 doesn’t work   ​15 would go 3 may / might / could   ​ 17 1 a   ​2 b   ​3 c   ​4 b   ​ 4 shouldn’t   ​ 5 needn’t 5 c   ​ 6 c 6 must

3 narrower   ​4 worse   ​ 5 further   ​ 6 the most comfortable   ​7 wetter   ​ 8 more comfortable 50

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Answer key grammar & vocabulary (Plus)

5 1 could have won   ​ 2 should have gone    ​3 needn’t stay   ​4 mustn’t wear   ​ 5 must put   ​6 can’t have left

6 Students’ own answers

Units 1–2 1 1 haven’t seen   ​2 hadn’t slept   ​ 3 have got   ​4 have been doing   ​ 5 have criticized   ​ 6 have forgotten

2 1 How long has Danny been 2 3 4 5 6

dancing? What had Tom just drunk when you got there? How many photos did you take last weekend? Have you been waiting long? Has Sally seen the new movie? How many books have you read?

3 1 have to   ​2 shouldn’t have   ​ 3 has been   ​4 he had   ​ 5 doesn’t have   ​6 have been

4 1 You shouldn’t have got so badtempered. 2 You needn’t wash the vegetables before you cook them. 3 It can’t have been Robert. 4 You ought to work harder. 5 You might not enjoy the film. 6 You needn’t have bought a ticket. 7 You have to shower before going into the pool.

5 1 a    ​2 a   ​3 c   ​4 c   ​5 b

3 All the equipment must be cleaned after every experiment. 4 The world record for the 800 metres was recently broken. 5 A new cure for cancer has been discovered by medical researchers.

4 1 Lots of money is being given to charities to fight epidemics in Africa. Charities are being given lots of money to fight epidemics in Africa. 2 The truth should have been told to the students. The students should have been told the truth.

5 1 It has been reported that the number of cases of meningitis is rising. The number of cases of meningitis has been reported to be rising. 2 It is thought that science is more important than arts and literature. Science is thought to be more important than arts and literature. 3 It was said that mapping the human genome was impossible. Mapping the human genome was said to be impossible.

6 1 Where did you have / get your 2 3

6 Students’ own answers

4

Unit 3

5

1 1 is being revolutionized 2 3 4 5 6

has just been given was understood must have been given hasn’t been carried had been told

2 1 has just been published 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

have been designed was written were asked are included should be warned have to be followed will be sold

3 1 The researchers are being shown around the new facility. 2 One of Dr Smith’s elderly patients is being treated for arthritis.

Photocopiable

hair restyled? I have just had / got my eyesight tested. Will you have / get the tiles on the roof of your garage fixed? Amy wants to have / get her kitchen painted. Our neighbours are having / getting their lawn replanted.

7 Students’ own answers

Unit 4 1 1 won’t speak   ​2 had   ​ 3 owned   ​4 wouldn’t have worn   ​ 5 lost   ​6 get

2 1 Oh dear. If he had some money, he would be able to go shopping. 2 What a shame. You would / could have won if you had taken part. 3 Sure. If I see him, I’ll tell him. 4 I know. Come on! We’ll / can catch it if you hurry up. 5 What a shame. If it had been open, I would have borrowed a book.

3 1 If Mandy had seen the movie, she would have loved it. 2 Simon wouldn’t have missed the bus if he had left on time. 3 If Paul had entered the competition, he could have won the prize. 4 If Jack hadn’t lost his map, he could have found a / the hostel. 5 Sally would have helped Peter make dinner if she had had time.

4 1 would fix / had 2 would have come / had invited 3 had / would apply 4 had been beaten / would have felt 5 wouldn’t have lost / hadn’t played

5 1 even if   ​2 unless   ​ 3 As long as   ​4 provided that

6 1 If only I hadn’t missed the film on TV last night. 2 If only Rob had bought tickets yesterday. 3 I wish you hadn’t left the washing outside yesterday. 4 I wish you would be quiet now!

7 Students’ own answers

Units 1–4 1 1 hadn’t done   ​ 2 have been hiking   ​3 are said   ​ 4 were rescued    ​5 has just been announced   ​ 6 play   ​7 would Jim have drunk   ​ 8 had   ​ 9 didn’t have   ​ 10 will go

2 1 How long has he been sitting there? 2 Do you have to work late this evening? 3 Who was the film directed by? 4 What is it made of? 5 Have you had your hair cut? 6 What would you have said if you had seen Karen? 7 Where will you go if it stops raining? 8 What do you wish you had done last weekend?

3 1 has been   ​2 must have   ​ 3 shouldn’t have   ​4 is said   ​ 5 was being   ​6 has been   ​ 7 would have   ​8 will you   ​ 9 long as   ​10 I had

4 1 c   ​2 a   ​3 b   ​4 c   ​ 5 a   ​6 c

5 Students’ own answers

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51

Answer key grammar & vocabulary (Plus)

Unit 5 1 1 She said she didn’t mind being there. 2 They said they hadn’t been doing anything at eight o’clock the evening before. 3 She said I / we had to get a ticket for the concert the following month. 4 She said I / we might (have known) Louise from the evening class. 5 He told us Lisa was doing a test at that moment. 6 He told me some of the power cables had been damaged in the storm the night before. 7 He told me he was going to help me with the cooking that night. 8 They told me they hadn’t finished their picnic yet.

2 1 Joe asked us what time it was 2

3

4 5 6

when we finally got home. Pat asked Sue how many bottles she had found since she had started looking. The police asked me what I had been doing when the fire had started the night before. Jill asked me what time I would get back that night. Peter asked me if I had done the washing up earlier that day. Mum asked us when we would do our homework.

3 1 Ian told Amanda to switch off her laptop. 2 Peter suggested going out for lunch. 3 Steve reminded Mark to be home by seven. 4 Harriet suggested calling Stephanie.

4 1 Paul asked Ben where he had 2

3 4 5

been going when he had seen him the night before. Ben said he had been heading for the library on the corner of his street. Paul asked Ben why he hadn’t stopped to chat with him. Ben said he had been in a hurry to return some books. Paul wondered why he didn’t believe him.

5 1 Simon admitted he never helped with the washing up. 2 Thomas warned the children not to throw stones. 3 Louisa apologized for forgetting to buy some flowers. 52

4 Matt refused to give her / him any money. 5 Jennifer advised me to apply for the job. 6 Roberta agreed to let me borrow her car.

6 Students’ own answers

Unit 6 1 1 whose   ​2 where   ​3 which   ​ 4 when   ​5 – (which)   ​ 6 who

2 1 Tom has a brother who is a professional footballer. 2 Do you remember the park where we played rugby? 3 Jessica left the house at a really early hour of the morning when there were no people in the streets. 4 I met an accountant whose company works on the accounts of many famous celebrities. 5 In her job, Louise gets lots of tips, which she shares with the other waiters.

3 1 A leading company, which 2

3

4 5

employs hundreds of people, has gone into liquidation. We visited a wonderful nature reserve, where you can see flamingos feeding. The Alps, which are located north of Italy, are a popular place to go skiing. My brother, who you met once, rang me last night. Walter Cavendish, who is a wellknown poet, has just moved in next door.

4 1 One of my oldest friends, who 2

3

4 5

6

has recently moved to Canada, has just written me an email. Exciting summer jobs in exotic countries, which are obviously very much in demand, can be found by looking on the internet. I thought it was a lovely moment, when Harry kissed June after the wedding ceremony. Ian gave me the present, which I didn’t really want. We visited a small village, which was in ruins following the bombing. Do you know the name of the shop where Tim bought the TV?

5 1 He isn’t someone I could work for / with. He isn’t someone for / with whom I could work.

2 Who is Fiona getting married to? To whom is Fiona getting married? 3 It isn’t something I could possibly agree with. It isn’t something with which I could possibly agree. 4 The place we had to work in was awful. That place in which we had to work was awful. 5 Amy is the girl I was telling you about. Amy is the girl about whom I was telling you. 6 Who are you arguing with? With whom are you arguing?

6 Students’ own answers

Units 1–6 1 1 a   ​2 b   ​3 b   ​4 b   ​ 5 b   ​ 6 a

2 1 has laid   ​2 had lost   ​ 3 have bought   ​ 4 was being given   ​ 5 have been told   ​ 6 will be    ​7 wouldn’t put   ​ 8 read   ​ 9 would, have found   ​10 wasn’t

3 1 Provided that you pay the fee, you can start on Friday. 2 If only we had brought a towel. 3 Even if Adam apologizes, I (will) refuse to speak to him again! 4 I wish Susie would shut up.

4 1 Susanna apologized for missing the meeting. 2 Andy told Karen not to wait outside in the rain. 3 Tom said he hadn’t gone there by train. 4 Maria asked where I was / we were going that evening. 5 Jack asked Jo to help him. 6 Jennifer suggested leaving. 7 Georgia asked if I / we wanted to go round the next day.

5 1 Kelly is a friendly girl who lives in our village. 2 Our house, which is built on a hill, is large and comfortable. 3 Susanna, who is one of my best friends, has just got a place at Harvard University. 4 I remember a time when a lot of women used to wear headscarves. 5 We walked all the way to the north coast, where there is a lighthouse.

6 Students’ own answers

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Answer key grammar & vocabulary (Plus)

Vocabulary Unit 1 1 1 tabloid   ​2 transition   ​ 3 biased   ​4 journalist   ​ 5 documentary   ​6 editor   ​ 7 broadsheet   ​8 chat show   ​ 9 sensation    ​10 debate

3 1 give   ​2 hopping   ​3 skim   ​ 4 surfs   ​5 dumb   ​6 hear    7 burgled   8 tune   

4 1 about    ​2 for    ​3 of   ​4 to    ​ 5 to

5 1 plain-spoken   ​2 public-spirited   ​ 3 single-minded   ​4 cool-headed   ​ 5 hard-hitting   ​6 cold-hearted

2 1 surfing   ​2 given   ​3 hopping   ​ 6 1 browsing   ​2 objective   ​ 4 tunes   ​5 dumb   ​6 skim

3 1 analyst   ​2 producer   ​ 3 newsreader   ​4 era   ​ 5 chat show host   ​6 news flash

4 1 podcast   ​2 newsreader   ​ 3 web pages   ​4 headlines   ​ 5 spotlight   ​6 broadsheets

5 1 point   ​2 news   ​3 press    ​ 4 affairs   ​5 conference   ​ 6 factors   ​7 host   ​8 age   ​ 9 alerts   ​10 bulletin

7 1 working   ​2 to buy   ​3 seeing   ​ 4 to have

Unit 3 1 1 diagnose   ​2 prescribe    ​ 3 suffer   ​4 treat   ​ 5 transplant   ​6 heal   ​7 reject

2 1 regenerate   ​2 feel   ​3 had   ​ 4 tastes   ​5 prescription    ​ 6 system   ​7 smell

Unit 2 1 1 kidnap   ​2 mug   ​3 rob    ​ 4 burgle   ​5 steal   ​6 murder

2 1 bailiff   ​2 witnessed   ​3 judge   ​ 4 culprit   ​5 suspect   ​ 6 defendant   ​7 juror   ​8 victim

3 1 about   ​2 to   ​3 of   ​4 for   ​ 5 of   ​6 about   ​7 for   ​8 of

4 1 court   ​2 judge   ​3 jury   ​ 4 defendant   ​5 witnesses   ​ 6 victim   ​7 statement   ​ 8 sentence   ​9 fine   ​ misdemeanour 10

5 1 hard-hitting   ​2 single-minded   ​ 3 cold-hearted   ​4 cool-headed   ​ 5 plain-spoken   ​6 public-spirited

6 1 single-minded   ​2 cool-headed   ​ 3 plain-spoken   ​4 public-spirited   ​ 5 cold-hearted   ​6 hard-hitting

7 1 of   ​2 with   ​3 spend   ​ 4 with   ​5 got

Unit 1–2 1 1 burglar   ​2 suspect   ​3 judge   ​ 4 defendant   ​5 witness   ​ 6 victim   ​7 kidnapper   ​8 juror   ​ 9 mugger   ​10 robber

2 1 presenter   ​2 chat show host   ​ 3 producer   ​ 4 newsreader   ​ 5 editor   ​6 journalist

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3 news flash   ​4 golden age   ​ 5 turning point   ​6 verdict   ​ 7 fine

3 1 have    ​2 feel    ​3 cure   ​

5 1 dependence   ​2 consumerism   ​ 3 attraction   ​4 pressure   ​ 5 environmentalism   ​ 6 appearance   ​7 rigidity   ​ 8 departure   ​9 popularity   ​ 10 professionalism

Units 1–4 1 1 verdict   ​2 tabloid     ​ 3 running costs   ​4 bailiff   ​ 5 taste   ​6 nauseous   ​ 7 broadsheet   ​8 bulletin   ​ 10 bargain   11 smell    9 haggle   ​

2 1 defendant   ​2 procedure   ​ 3 professionalism   ​4 generosity   ​ 5 prescription   ​6 recovery   ​ 7 offender

3 1 malignant   ​2 incurable   ​ 3 addicted   ​ 4 painless   ​ 5 unpredictable   ​6 harmful   ​ 7 fashionable

4 1 hand   ​2 ache   ​3 minded   ​ 4 wear   ​5 hitting   ​6 poisoning   ​ 7 spirited   ​ 8 effects   ​9 spoken

4 have    ​5 feel    ​6 picked up    ​ 5 1 about   ​2 down   ​3 for   ​ 7 prescribe    ​8 feel / get    ​ 4 round   ​5 about   ​6 up    ​ 9 fight off    ​10 look after 7 up   ​8 off    ​9 out    ​10 of 11 get over 6 1 to call   ​2 to have   ​3 taking   ​ 4 1 harmful   ​2 painless   ​ 4 using   ​5 to bring 3 hopeful   ​4 painful   ​ 5 unavoidable   ​6 incurable   ​ Unit 5 7 predictable   ​8 avoidable   ​ 1 1 backpack   ​2 sightseer   ​ 9 hopeless   ​10 curable 3 guidebook   ​4 seaside   ​ 5 1 up   ​2 after   ​3 round   ​4 out   ​ 5 airline   ​6 holidaymakers   ​ 5 over   ​6 off 7 countryside   ​8 airfare   ​ 6 1 cough   ​2 nauseous   ​ 9 guidelines 3 malignant   ​4 hip 2 1 travel   ​2 exchange   ​ 3 sleeping   ​4 sun   ​5 walking   ​ Unit 4 6 travel   ​7 exchange   ​ 1 8 package 1 bargain   ​2 afford   ​3 haggle   ​ 3 1 extra   ​2 inter   ​3 over   ​4 re   ​ 4 turnover   ​5 browse   ​ 5 under   ​6 multi 6 consume   ​7 purchase   ​ 4 1 oversleep   ​2 extra-curricular    8 discount   ​9 demand   ​ ​3 extra-terrestrial   ​4 multilingual   ​ 10 Cash 5 overspend   ​6 interaction   ​ 2 1 discount   ​2 cash   ​3 bargain   ​ 7 underestimate   ​8 multi-task 4 haggle   ​5 demand   ​6 afford 5 1 between   ​2 for   ​3 for   ​ 3 1 borrow   ​2 spent   ​3 costs   ​ 4 about   ​5 off   ​6 on   ​ 4 shopper    ​5 wage    ​6 sales 6 1 satirize   ​2 book   ​3 evocative   ​ 4 1 ripped, off   ​2 use up   ​ 4 hire   ​5 towel   ​ 6 journey   ​ 3 gave away   ​4 sign up   ​ 7 resort   ​8 travelogue 5 take, back   ​6 pass on   ​ 7 cleared out   ​8 put, off

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53

Answer key grammar & vocabulary (Plus)

Unit 6 1 1 weakness   ​2 dishonesty   ​ 3 apathy   ​4 integrity   ​ 5 indecision   ​ 6 willingness

2 1 methodical   ​2 reluctant   ​ 3 intuitive   ​4 outgoing   ​ 5 efficient   ​6 analytical

3 1 methodical organized   ​ 2 flexible ​3 extrovert ​4 integrity ​5 unsure

adaptable    outgoing    honesty    indecisive

4 1 judgment   ​2 spontaneous   ​ 3 initiative   ​4 practical   ​ 5 emotional   ​6 adaptable   ​ 7 outgoing   ​8 analytical   ​ 9 efficient   ​10 indecisive

5 1 remind   ​2 remember   ​3 trip   ​ 4 sensitive   ​5 flow   ​ 6 makes   ​ 7 degree   ​8 expect    ​9 lost   ​ 11 missed   ​ 12 hope   ​ 10 earn   ​ 15 career 13 trait   ​14 travel   ​

6 1 with   ​2 on   ​3 up   ​4 with   ​ 5 on   ​6 up   ​ 7 out

Unit 1–6 1 1 indecisive   ​2 analytical   ​ 3 sensitive   ​4 cool-headed   ​ 5 outgoing   ​6 adaptable   ​ 7 efficient   ​8 spontaneous   ​ 9 dishonest   ​ 10 single-minded

2 1 makes    ​2 remind   ​3 lost    ​ 4 missed   ​ 5 charge   ​6 has   ​ 7 set   ​ 8 skims   ​ 9 felt   ​ 10 earns

3 1 up    ​2 about   ​3 to / about    ​ for   ​5 up   ​6 off    4 7 round   8 of

4 1 backpack   ​2 travel agent   ​ 3 holidaymakers   ​ 4 festival-goers 5 golden age   ​6 chat show   ​ 7 exchange trip    8 ​ respiratory system   ​ 9 electrical goods

5 1 painful   ​2 avoidable   ​ 3 multilingual   ​ 4 international   ​ 5 generosity   ​ 6 revisit   ​ 7 overslept   8 possession

6 1 parody   ​2 apathy   ​ 3 extra-terrestrial   ​ 4 hip   ​ 5 overspend

54

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1

Reading practice

Young people don’t read newspapers A Recently released figures have just revealed another slight rise in the numbers of broadsheets sold annually in the UK. At first glance, this is enough to bring a smile to the face of any newspaper proprietor. However, these figures only serve to hide a much deeper and more worrying trend which, sooner or later, will have a huge impact on the newspaper industry. The average age of readers has been climbing steadily, from fifty-one years old a few years ago to fifty-four now, and there is little doubt that this trend will continue. Put simply, young people don’t read papers, and if the press fails to address the problem, one day there may be no one left who buys their product. B Some cynical editors have argued that the problem isn’t as much of a concern as it first appears, that young people will start reading papers when

Remember!

they’re older, and that, as people are living longer, appealing to an older readership is no bad thing. However, this misses the point. What other industry would fail to address the fact that young people dislike its product? C The truth is that newspapers are run by a generation of people who started work in an age when there were no computers, and they have largely failed to embrace the new technologies that are a daily part of the lives of teenagers. Young people are used to researching and finding what they want to know online, so the idea of flicking through the dense print of a newspaper is alien. Not only that, but newspapers don’t reflect the interests of young people. Until these issues are addressed, teenagers are likely to stay away from broadsheets and find out about what’s happening in the world from other sources. 3 Find words and phrases in the text that mean …

Identify key words in true or false sentences and find

1 small.

them in the text. Then look for words that confirm or

2 very big.

contradict the sentences.

3 deal with. 4 a worry.

1 Look at the underlined key words in the sentences. Then find synonyms in the text. 1 There has been an increase in sales of serious British newspapers in recent years.

5 haven’t understood or accepted.

4 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 What is the worrying trend that the writer talks about?

2 The writer of the article is fairly certain that the average age of newspaper readers will continue



to go up gradually.



3 Some people in the newspaper industry claim that

2 What two arguments do cynical editors make to say that it isn’t a big problem?

their product is attractive to young people. 4 Reading a newspaper seems strange to young people who are used to using modern technology.

2 Read the text. Are the statements in 1 true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 2 3 4

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3 In what way are editors and journalists not in touch with young people today? 4 What are the two issues that need to be addressed before young people start buying newspapers?

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55

2

Reading practice

The jury system Criminal trials in Britain and the United States differ considerably from those in Spain and other parts of Europe. One major difference is the regular and well-established use of juries to decide on guilt or innocence. Both English-speaking nations call on twelve unexceptional individuals to attend court as jurors, and everybody on the electoral register, apart from those with a criminal record, may be called upon. However, just because an individual is asked to attend doesn’t mean he or she will inevitably end up in the courtroom. The judge or lawyers for the defence or prosecution may ask people to stand down from the jury if, for example, they have a connection with people involved in the trial. Unlike those in Britain, American attorneys have the right to cross-examine jurors to find out about

Remember! When looking for synonyms and antonyms, decide

their views and prejudices, and might demand that some jurors are removed from the trial as a result of this questioning. We asked a few recent jurors what people on jury service should know in advance. Their views are interesting and illuminating. Most said it was boring. Being a juror involves arriving at court early and having to wait around for hours before a trial starts. You should bring a book and be patient. Others were frustrated that they had to attend because the expenses they received failed to cover the earnings they lost by not going to work or having to close their business for the day. However, many considered it a fascinating insight into how the legal system worked. They felt as though they were doing something important, and playing a key role in how society functions. 3 Find words in the text that mean … 1 a list of people who have the right to vote.

if the words you need to find are nouns, adjectives or verbs. Prefixes and suffixes are often used to give opposite meanings.

2 leave (an official position). 3 ask questions of people at a trial. 4 before doing something.

1 Skim the text and find synonyms or antonyms for the words below. Find synonyms for … 1 frequent. 2 unavoidably. 3 very important.

Find antonyms for … 5 similar to. 6 uninteresting.

2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Unlike Britain, the USA doesn’t use the jury system in trials.

1 A difference between trials in Britain and the USA is that … b not everybody called can appear on a British jury. c lawyers in the USA question jurors. d American jurors may have a connection to the case. 2 A number of jurors said that being part of a jury was … a an informative experience. b an exciting day out.



c a way to meet people.

2 Even people with a criminal record may be called upon to serve on a British jury. 3 British lawyers will interview jury members to see whether their views may be prejudicial to the defendant. 4 A lot of jurors found it interesting to see how the legal system worked in their country. 56

4 Choose the best answer according to the text.

a British trials are comparable to those in Europe.

4 ordinary.



5 a chance to understand and learn about something.

d a time that passed quickly. 3 One concern expressed by jurors was that … a you needed a lot of patience to listen to the evidence. b it was boring having to listen to the judge and lawyers. c you weren’t properly recompensed for money lost by not being at work. d it was frustrating having to play such a key role.

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Photocopiable

3

Reading practice

Painless injections A If you had a choice, would you choose an injection or choose a pain-free means of receiving a vaccine? Well, for most that’s a no-brainer. There aren’t many fans of needles. However, as it’s a key part of many medical procedures, there’s currently no way around getting shots the painful way until new ways of dispensing specific medicines or vaccines can be found. But things may be about to change. If recent research articles are to be believed, medical researchers at two major American universities have teamed up to develop a flu vaccine that may eventually prove to be both painless and easy to administer. B This new technology is something the researchers like to call ‘microneedles’. Thanks to the sort of nanotechnology currently used to make the integrated circuits found in computers, it is possible

Remember!

to design and make tiny, microscopic needles, which, when coated with the flu vaccine, can be used to inject patients. The point is that if you can’t see the needle, you won’t be able to feel it either. It’s an ingenious, new way to administer medicines. C If trials are successful, there will be other benefits to using this exciting new method. Firstly, whereas a trained nurse is required to give a traditional injection, patients will be able to use microneedles on their own. They will simply have to apply them to the skin as if they were putting a plaster on. And secondly, because vaccines and medicines will be administered without puncturing the skin, the risk of infection will be very small. This is of great importance in the developing world where the shortage of trained medical personnel means that injections often result in blood poisoning or worse. 3 Find words in the text that mean …

To answer open questions, read them carefully, identify

1 a very simple choice.

key words, and write an answer using your own words.

2 injections. 3 got together.

1 Read the question and the extract from the text. Rewrite the extract using synonyms and your own words. 1 Why, currently, do we have no choice except to receive some vaccines by injection only? … as it’s a key part of many medical procedures, there’s currently no way around getting shots the painful way until new ways of dispensing specific medicines or vaccines can be found …

4 covered. 5 clever and creative.

4 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Currently, most people would prefer to use traditional injections even if they had a choice. 2 The research involved in developing microneedles has been carried out in more than one university.



3 The invention of microneedles has been influenced



by developments in computer technology.





2 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 What are microneedles?

4 We will need to train more nurses to use the new microneedles.

2 What are the two benefits of using microneedles? 3 Why will microneedles reduce the risk of infection in the developing world?

Photocopiable

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57

4

Reading practice

Car boot sales A Car boot sales are incredibly popular in Britain. During the summer months, when the weather is fine enough to spend a day haggling in the open air, British families load up the car with unwanted books, toys and ornaments, and drive out to a farmer’s field somewhere deep in the countryside. There, they park next to all the other families with the same idea, unload the car, and spend the rest of the day trying to sell what they’ve brought. It’s a sort of do-it-yourself second-hand market, and it’s a great way for people to declutter their houses of things they really don’t want anymore. B There is, however, quite an art to being a successful car boot salesperson. Naturally, there is an entrance fee to be allowed to park your car and set up your stall, and there is fierce competition to get good spots, usually near the entrance or near the food

1 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers.

stalls, where you are more likely to maximize your sales and your profits. Being unprepared may mean a frustrating day out for a car boot salesperson, which could cost him or her more in petrol and entrance fee than he or she can make in profit. So, what follows are our tips to having a successful day at the car boot sale. C Any car boot salesperson should start by doing a bit of research. This might involve checking out the best locations for car boot sales on the internet, or visiting sales as a customer to see what prices are being offered and how goods are laid out to their best advantage. It’s a good idea to pack the car the night before so that you can head off early and get to the car boot sale first, and once all your goods have been clearly laid out at the sale, they should be organized carefully with things that are likely to interest most customers placed at the front. 3 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 A car boot sale is …

1 Car boot sales generally take place in cities.

a a market where second-hand goods are sold.



b a do-it-yourself shop in the country.

2 Most of the things for sale at car boot sales are new.

c a market where people sell their own things.



d a market which sells things for the family.

3 You have to pay to set up a stall at a car boot sale. 4 You should try to get to a car boot sale early if you want to maximize your sales.

2 To maximize sales at a car boot sale, … a set up a food stall. b park near to the exit. c park your car for free. d get a spot near the entrance.

Remember! In multiple-choice questions, reject clearly wrong

3 Before trying to sell things at a car boot sale, you should …

options and find words to confirm or contradict

a drive round checking out good locations.

possible options.

b apply to join on the internet.

2 Which option is clearly wrong? Which options are confirmed or contradicted by the word ‘unwanted’? 1 What sort of things are sold at a car boot sale?

c check out prices and good spots. d get to the sale the night before.

4 Find phrasal verbs in the text that mean …

a old cars and other vehicles

1 fill (a car).

b things people don’t need anymore

2 put in place.

c brand new books and toys

3 investigating. 4 leave (on a journey). 5 placed carefully on a surface.

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Photocopiable

5

Reading practice

Cuba’s green revolution A Deforestation is often said to be both destructive and irreversible, so I was surprised when a friend advised me to hire a car and drive into the interior of Cuba to see first hand a huge area of almost 30,000 hectares of tropical rainforest which simply didn’t exist fifty years ago. Although I’d been to the island once before, many years previously, I’d never managed to get beyond the capital Havana and the beach resorts, so it was a revelation to me to find that there were such lush valleys a mere forty minutes drive from the heat and noise of Cuba’s largest city. B I was told that before the Cuban Revolution of 1959, my destination, the Sierra del Rosario Nature and Biosphere Reserve, had been dusty yellow and brown scrub. Herds of beef cattle had grazed these hills. However, the revolutionary leader Fidel Castro had said that he would initiate a reforestation programme and the biosphere is one of the results. While much of the world was pulling up its rainforests for raw materials, Cuba was replanting areas that had been lost to farming. The result is an

area of outstanding beauty that has benefitted the economy as well as the environment by bringing in tourism and jobs. C Indeed, it’s true to say that if the land had remained agricultural, it would have been much less profitable than it is now. There are still farmers who survive here on smallholdings but they make very little. The meaningful jobs come from tourism. Tastefully designed bungalows have been built in the rainforest, allowing tourists to stay and experience the beauties of the rainforest for themselves. At the same time, this has created better conditions for the ordinary people who live in this area. They had no water or electricity or medicine before, but the money from tourism has allowed them to introduce these things into their community. The people have also been given the work of replanting the forest. In the 1980s and 1990s, they planted over eight million trees, a programme that has resulted in a wonderful, sustainable rainforest where once there was nothing.

1 Read the text and choose the best answer.

Remember!

1 On driving inland, the writer was surprised to find

In sentence completion exercises, pay attention to the

that …

connectors in the sentence halves and use your own

a the rainforest didn’t exist anymore.

words to complete them.

b the rainforest was so far from the capital. c such luxuriant forest existed.

3 Rewrite the italicized part of the extract from the text to complete the sentence half.

d deforestation had spread so far.

Deforestation is often said to be both destructive and

2 The writer discovers that the biosphere reserve

irreversible, so I was surprised … to see first hand

used to be …

a huge area of almost 30,000 hectares of tropical

a a much larger area of rainforest.

rainforest which simply didn’t exist fifty years ago.

b unforested cattle country. c a source of various raw materials. d more attractive than it is now. 3 Tourism has brought benefits including… a a rise in the local population. b an improvement in farming standards. c a better quality of housing. d more jobs for people in the area.

2 Find words in the text that mean … 1 you can’t go back to how it once was. 2 a moment when you suddenly realize something. 3 improved. 4 small farms. 5 it can look after itself. Photocopiable

The lush forest astonished me because

4 Complete the sentences in your own words using ideas from the text. 1 The writer visited Cuba a long time ago but she 2 Cuba had a programme for replanting the rainforest at a time when 3 Farmers continue to work the land even though 4 The lives of ordinary people in the area have improved as a result

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59

6

Reading practice

A working holiday A A couple of summers ago, I decided that I fancied going somewhere warm and exotic for my holidays, but that I also wanted to do something a bit more useful than lounging around on a beach. That’s how I ended up at a coffee plantation in Hawaii! My friend Karen and I had volunteered to work on an organic farm on the island in return for food and shelter. It turned out to be loads of hard work, but lots of fun too. B From the window of the plane, Hawaii’s volcanic Big Island looked like an enormous brown biscuit. Much of it is covered in dry lava plains. However, once we’d landed, Karen and I found ourselves being driven along bumpy roads to the hillier, grassier coastal area which is famous for growing coffee. We’d been looking forward to spending our first day eating mangoes and guavas and soaking in the sun, but that’s not what Brad, the guy running the plantation, had in mind. He handed us a machete each and we spent that first afternoon clearing branches and pulling up weeds.

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 The writer decided to work in Hawaii even though she wasn’t interested in going somewhere with nice weather.

C We soon got used to the routine, and, fortunately, Brad only made us work four days in the week, so we had plenty of time to explore the island and to bathe and snorkel in the crystal clear water. In fact, the rhythm of life there was what made it so wonderful. There were five other volunteers, apart from me and Karen, and we all did everything together, which included putting up our tents among the coffee trees, sharing a kitchen and a shower, and arranging trips as a gang. It really was an idyllic way to spend a summer. D There was one thing we hated though. Working on a plantation is a continuous war between farmers and insects, and there is a particular type of tree borer on the island which is such a pest that it can completely destroy a crop. That’s why, once every week, we had to prune new shoots to find and kill the tree borers. We’d spend seven hours on those days bending and reaching out to prune each tree while Brad checked to see if we had missed a tree borer. It was back-breaking work and not helped by the fact we were under constant attack from mosquitoes which covered our legs in bites.

Remember! In rewriting exercises, read the given sentence carefully, then read the start of the transformed sentence and think about how to finish it.

3 Rewrite the sentence. Think about how to change



the parts underlined.

2 The writer and Karen ended up working on the dry plains of Hawaii. 3 The writer and Karen spent most of their free time

The writer decided to go somewhere warm for her holidays two summers ago. The writer said

by themselves.

4 Rewrite the sentences using reported speech,

4 Somebody made sure the writer and Karen killed a lot of tree borers.

1 The writer doesn’t like sitting on a beach all day. The writer is the sort of person who

2 Find words in the text that mean …

2 Brad made them work four days a week.

1 sitting lazily and relaxing.

They

2 rough and difficult to drive on.



3 group.

3 They have to kill tree borers because they will

4 perfect.

destroy the crop.

5 insect that is bad for crops we grow.

60

conditionals, passives or relative clauses.

If they didn’t kill tree borers,

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.

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1

Writing practice – A narrative

Practising connectors

3 The photographer took photos, and the journalist

1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.



interviewed Cathy about her victory. (while) 4 The journalist left, and Mum and Dad took Cathy

after  before  then  when  while  as soon as first  finally 1 Sam had never had a job

and me out. (after)

she started

work at the shop. he was playing tennis, Joe broke his

2 racket.

3 We’ll start the lesson

Amy gets here,

and not a moment sooner or later. 4 The restaurant lost a lot of business the journalist criticized it. 5 We were sunbathing on the beach

it

suddenly started to rain. 6 There were three stages to the investigation. , the police took photos. , they checked for fingerprints. And , they interviewed the witnesses.

Improving your writing 2 Read the blog opposite and note the teacher’s comment.

3 Improve the blog. Rewrite the underlined sentences or phrases using the expressions below. Use each expression once. 1 Let me tell you about … 2 I couldn’t believe it when … 3 Just imagine how … 4 Now you know all about … 5 Log on to hear …

4 Rewrite the sentences from the text using the words in brackets. 1 Cathy crossed the line in the lead, and my mum and dad started jumping up and down. (as soon as)

I’m Craig and here’s my latest blog. 1 My family and I have had a really exciting weekend. If you’ve been following my blog, you’ll know that my sister Cathy has been competing in junior athletics meetings all summer. She’s won loads of trophies, and, as I told you in my last blog, she was selected to compete in the 400 metres at the national championships. Well, the championships took place on Saturday and 2Cathy won!! 3We were excited! Cathy crossed the line in the lead, and my mum and dad started jumping up and down, and I was cheering like mad! Anyway, the rest of the weekend was crazy. A journalist who had been following Cathy’s performances for the local paper came round to our house with a photographer. The photographer took photos, and the journalist interviewed Cathy about her victory. The journalist left, and Mum and Dad took Cathy and me out for a really nice meal in an expensive restaurant. And on Sunday evening, we had a really cool party at our house. So, that was my weekend! It’s good to be back at school today – for a rest! 5More in my next blog …

4

Use different linking and sequencing words – don’t just use ‘and’ to link ideas. 5 Write a blog about your weekend (about 100 words). Use appropriate linking and sequencing words. • Introduce yourself to your ‘audience’. • Write about what happened. • Say what you will write about in your next blog.

6 Check your written work carefully and correct any errors.

2 A journalist came round to our house with a photographer. Mum and Dad took Cathy and me out for a really nice meal. And on Sunday evening, we had a really cool party at our house. (first of all / after that / finally)

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61

2

Writing practice – An opinion essay

Practising connectors

4 Piracy is also bad. It could cut into the profits made

1 Add the connectors in the box to the correct list.



as a result  since  therefore  as  that is why due to   because of this

by legitimate companies. 5 Companies spend a lot of money to fund and produce albums. If they don’t make as much money as they used to, they will stop signing new

1 connectors showing effect: consequently

bands.

‘It is our responsibility as consumers to fight crime by not buying pirate copies of films, music or computer products.’ Discuss.

2 connectors showing cause: because

2 Complete the sentences with connectors from 1. , we should

1 Muggings are on the rise. all be more careful.

the school is worried about thieves,

2

the computer room is kept locked at all times. 3 He was imprisoned

of a miscarriage

of justice. a lot of hard work, the police caught

4

all the criminals. 5 Tina has been arrested, and

she isn’t

in school today.

Improving your writing 3 Read the opinion essay opposite and note the teacher’s comments.

4 Correct the underlined adverbs in the essay opposite. 1

3 

2

4 

5 Join the sentences with different connectors to those used in the essay. 1 Consumers should avoid downloading pirate

Nowadays, it is easy and inexpensive to access and download the latest movies or pop songs on pirate websites on the net. However, I 1strong feel that consumers should avoid doing this because it is both illegal and a serious threat to the film industry and the music industry. Illegally downloading movies or music affects how much artists get paid. This is because filmmakers and musicians only make money when people purchase their products legally. Consequently, I 2very believe that piracy may eventually result in fewer movies being made or songs being recorded because artists won’t be able to make enough money from their hard work. Piracy is also bad because it could cut into the profits made by legitimate companies in the film and music industries. These companies spend a lot of money to fund and produce films and albums. Consequently, if they don’t make as much money as they used to, they will stop signing new bands to their record labels or financing young directors and it is 3probable true that this will result in a loss of new talent. In conclusion, I 4real think we should support people who work in the film industry and the music industry by making sure that we always pay for the films and music that we watch and listen to.

Check the spelling, use and position in the sentence of the underlined intensifying adverbs. Use a wider variety of connectors.

movies. It is both illegal and a serious threat to the film industry.

appropriate connectors.

2 Illegally downloading movies affects how much

‘Young people should avoid carrying and using

artists get paid. Piracy may eventually result in

expensive gadgets like mobile phones and MP3

fewer movies being made.

players in order to reduce the risk of being a victim of



a theft or mugging.’ Discuss.

3 Piracy may eventually result in fewer songs being recorded. Artists won’t be able to make enough money from their hard work.

6 Write an opinion essay (about 100 words). Use

• Introduce the topic and express your opinion. • Give two or three examples or arguments to support your opinion. • Write a conclusion.

7 Check your written work carefully and correct any errors. 62

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Writing practice - A for and against essay

Practising connectors 1 Underline the connector that is in the wrong list. a Connectors of addition: furthermore  what’s more  although  in addition b Connectors of contrast: nevertheless  on the one hand  moreover however  on the other hand  despite

2 Complete the sentences with an appropriate connector. 1 It is very important to eat a balanced diet. , we should also watch how much we eat. milk contains a lot of fat, it is also a

2

great source of protein. , people these days eat more junk

3

, we are all living longer.

food.

giving up chocolate, Amanda hasn’t

4

lost any weight. 5 Teenagers lead busy lives and are always on the , most of them still eat a healthy

go. diet.

Improving your writing 3 Read the essay opposite and note the teacher’s comments.

4 Improve the essay by inserting the phrases below where there is an insert symbol. Change the words that follow where necessary. a In fact …

d To sum up …

b According to …

e For example …

c Thanks to …

5 Write the missing ‘pro’ paragraph using the notes below. Use connectors to join the ideas. … other food groups such as fish, fruit and vegetables are equally healthy … meat is an excellent source of protein … dairy products and some vegetables are

3

‘Human beings don’t need to eat meat to be healthy because we can get all the nutrients we need from other sources.’ Discuss A growing number of people argue that eating meat is unnecessary because we can stay just as healthy, if not healthier, by eating fruit, vegetables and dairy products. Although I can see their point, I also think that there are a lot of good reasons why people should continue to be meat-eaters if they want to. On the one hand, red meat is a very rich source of vitamins A, B and D as well as iron and many minerals. 1 There is as much as six milligrams of iron in a regular steak.2 Meat contains more iron and zinc than any other food group, and these are key to being healthy. Moreover, 3 food experts say that it is a ‘super-food’ because even a small amount of meat has a large number of nutrients. Despite the high fat content, eating meat is also a really good way of staying slim because meat protein contains all the essential amino acids in the correct proportions required by the body for the optimum growth of lean, calorie-burning tissue.4 Meat makes us healthy! 5

Meat is such a vital source of healthy nutrients that I think human beings should eat meat to be healthy so long as they don’t have personal or moral objections to eating it.

Good analysis of cons the statement!! No arguments in favour of ples and to conclude. Add phrases to give exam 6 Write a for and against essay about the subject below (about 100 words). Use appropriate connectors.

‘Experiments on animals are essential if we are to find out about and cure diseases.’ Discuss. • Introduce both sides of the argument. • Give reasons to support the statement. • Give reasons against the statement. • Conclude with your opinion.

7 Check your written work carefully and correct any errors.

a great source of protein, too … fruit and vegetables are healthier and cheaper and more sustainable to produce …

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4

Writing practice – A summary

Practising summary phrases 1 Make summary phrases by matching the sentence halves. 1 The text is … 2 According to the text … 3 The text lists … 4 The text points out … a three different ways of shopping online. b that the future of the High Street is at stake. c about how a new supermarket was built. d we are spending more money on luxury goods than ever before.

2 When reading a text you have to summarize, which of the following questions do you need to answer? 1 How long is the original text? 2 What is the overall message of the text? 3 Who wrote the text and how old are they? 4 Who is the text for? 5 What are the main points made in the text? 6 How much did the writer get paid for writing it? 7 What kind of text is it? An ad? An article?

Improving your writing 3 Read the text opposite and answer the relevant questions from 2.

4 Read the list of points made in the text. Tick the main points made in the original text. Write the overall message. 1 Netbookclub is a major online bookseller.

Netbookclub, one of the world’s leading players when it comes to purchasing books online, has just announced a major new departure. From Wednesday, it will be allowing its members to buy products by means of a text-messaging shopping service, thus adding yet another mainstream player to a steadily growing market. The idea is to let mobile phone users browse their books, compare prices and purchase products while on the go. The company is calling the new service Textandbuy, and it works quite simply. All potential customers have to do is text the name of the product and the product’s code to Netbookclub, and they’ll be sent a text in return which tells them the price of the product they want. The text may also include other information such as special offers on similar products. Then the customer has to reply to the text message by punching in a single-digit number next to the desired item. Netbookclub will then call the person to confirm the order. Of course, Netbookclub is not alone in offering a mobile shopping service. In some ways, it is merely following a trend that began a few years ago. However, what’s interesting is that this is the first time that a company with a huge market share and an immense number of customers has broken into this market. It suggests that shopping by text is set to grow and set to stay. 5 Write a summary of the text in 3, including the overall message and main points you selected in 4 (about 60 to 80 words). Include summary phrases. • Write the overall message. • Join ideas to express the main points as simply and briefly as possible.

6 Check your written work carefully and correct any errors.

2 Netbookclub is about to start a new service. 3 The new service starts on Wednesday. 4 The new service allows consumers to buy its books by text message. 5 It allows you to compare prices as well as buy books. 6 The new service is called Textandbuy. 7 You send a text to Netbookclub saying which book you want. 8 Netbookclub will call you to confirm the order. 9 Shopping by text isn’t new. 10 Netbookclub is the first major company to do this. 11 Netbookclub has a lot of customers. 12 Shopping by text will become more important in the future. Overall message: 64

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5

Writing practice – An opinion essay

Practising connectors 1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. in  to  so  as  not

1

1 They phoned the travel agent

book

the trip. 2 He packed carefully so as

to carry

too many heavy things. 3 We got out of the car overlooking the valley that we could admire the view. 4 We got to the airport early

‘Does travel help to promote understanding and communication between countries?’ What do you think?

order to

have plenty of time to check-in. 5 Harriet got a seat on the upper deck so to have a good view.

Improving your writing 2 Read the opinion essay opposite and note the teacher’s comments.

3 Improve the essay by inserting the phrases below where there is an insert symbol. Change the words that follow where necessary. a Moreover, … b Many people argue that … c To sum up, … d To my mind … e In my opinion, …

4 Join the sentences using the connectors in

The only way to really understand people and their culture is to visit them and talk to them, and I think there is a lot of truth in this widely held point of view.

2

We should all travel to foreign countries. And we will experience different ways of life. It is impossible to know what it is like to grow up in a developing country unless you go there and see what life is like there.3 We ought to encourage young people in our country to experience life abroad first-hand. Then they will be able to discuss the problems and conflicts in the world in an informed way.

4

I believe that travel has enabled people from different parts of the world to share their culture and appreciate each other more. Nowadays, we listen to world music and regularly eat food from countries like India and Thailand, and this is because travellers have visited places and brought back ideas, art and recipes. It is said that as everybody in the world seems to be learning English now, the world will get smaller and smaller and we will all understand each other even more. It is difficult to go to war with someone who speaks the same language and shares the same interests, and, personally, I think that’s a good thing.

5

We should all travel. Then we will learn about other cultures, share ideas and tastes, and meet and talk to people who have more in common with us than we think.

Try to use connectors of purpose to connect ideas – not just ‘and’ or ‘then’. Insert more expressions to add information, show opinion or conclude.

brackets. 1 We should all travel to foreign countries. And we will experience different ways of life. (in order to)

5 Write an opinion essay (about 100 words). Use appropriate connectors.



‘Does the experience of travel make young people

2 We ought to encourage young people in our

broader-minded and more aware citizens?’ Discuss.

country to experience life abroad first-hand. Then

• Introduce the topic and express your opinion.

they will be able to discuss the problems and

• Express ideas and examples to support your

conflicts in the world in an informed way. (so that)

opinion. • Write a conclusion.

3 We should all travel. Then we will learn about other cultures. (so as to)

6 Check your written work carefully and correct any errors.



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6

Writing practice - A formal letter

Practising formal expressions

7 Glebe Avenue, Broadwood Gloucestershire GL6 5RF

1 Cross out the phrase in each list that is wrong. 1 Dear Sir or Madam   Dear Jim   Dear Peter Hughes 2 I would like to apply for   I would like for applying   I am writing in response to 3 Your sincerely  Best wishes  Dear Madam Yours faithfully

5 March 2011 Swimming Department Broadwood Swimming Centre Broadwood GL7 9UJ

4 Please find my CV attached   I am enclosing my CV

Dear Sir or Madam,

5 I look forward to hear from you

I am writing to enquire about vacancies for swimming instructors at Broadwood Swimming Centre.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you I look forward to hearing from you

2 Complete with formal expressions from 1. Dear Sir 1

your advertisement in the Daily News.

2

the position of camp organizer.

3

which provides details of my qualifications.

1

I am well qualified for the position. I have got a national swimming instructor certificate and I have completed nationally recognized courses in life saving and swimming pool management. I have also gained experience in training young people to swim on summer courses at the Westfield holiday centre and by helping out at swimming training at my local primary school.2 I am an experienced and highly competent swimmer, having won awards for long distance swimming at under 14 and under 16 level.

3

I have got the right personal qualities for the job.4 I am outgoing and sociable and I really enjoy being around young people.5 I am organized, punctual and reliable. And 6 I’m happy to take on responsibility.

4 5 Yours David James

Improving your writing

A CV giving details of my qualifications and experience is attached. I would be happy to attend an interview at any time convenient for you.

3 Read the letter opposite and note the teacher’s

I look forward to hearing from you,

comments.

Yours faithfully,

4 Improve the letter by inserting the phrases below where there is an insert symbol. a I also believe that

d finally

b Firstly,

e I feel

c In addition to this,

f Secondly,

5 Read the job advertisement and underline the key words.

SUPER SKI HOLIDAYS We’re looking for someone with a sociable personality to help run our chalet holiday programme in the Alps. You need to be able to work hard and for long hours and good cooking skills will be an advantage. Your job will be to prepare meals for guests. We offer a reasonable salary as well as free accommodation and meals and plenty of free time to go skiing. Apply with your CV to: Super Ski Holidays, 80 High Street, Rotherham, RO7 8HGa

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Josephine White

Add sequencers and opinion expressions to the letter. 6 Write a formal letter to apply for the job advertised in 5 (about 100 words). Use appropriate connectors. • Write the address correctly. • Use formal expressions to introduce and end the letter. • Say why you have the right personality for the job. • Include information about your qualifications and experiences.

7 Check your written work carefully and correct any errors.

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Reading AND WRITING practice answer key

Reading practice

3 1 a no-brainer   2 shots

Unit 1 1 1 rise / broadsheets 2 little doubt / climb steadily 3 argued / appealing 4 alien / new technologies

2 1 True. ‘another slight rise in the numbers of broadsheets sold annually in the UK’ 2 True. ‘average age of readers has been climbing steadily ... little doubt that this trend will continue’ 3 False. ‘Some cynical editors have argued ... that young people will start reading papers when they’re older’. 4 True. ‘Young people are used to researching and finding what they want to know online, so the idea of flicking through the dense print of a newspaper is alien’

3 1 slight   2 huge    3 address   4 a concern    5 have … failed to embrace

4 Students’ own answers

Unit 2 1 1 regular   2 inevitably   3 key 4 unexceptional   5 unlike 6 fascinating

2 1 False. ‘Both English-speaking nations call on twelve unexceptional individuals to attend court as jurors’ 2 False. ‘everybody on the electoral register, apart from those with a criminal record, may be called upon’ 3 False. ‘Unlike those in Britain, American attorneys have the right to cross-examine jurors to find out about their views’ 4 True. ‘many considered it a fascinating insight into how the legal system worked’

3 1 electoral register 2 stand down   3 cross-examine 4 in advance   5 insight

4 1 c   2 a   3 c

Unit 3 1 1 Because they are an important aspect of medical procedures, we have to continue to use painful injections until medical science is able to find an alternative way of giving patients vaccines. Photocopiable

2 Students’ own answers 3 teamed up   4 coated 5 ingenious

4 1 False. ‘If you had a choice, would you choose an injection or choose a pain-free means of receiving a vaccine? Well, for most that’s a no-brainer’ 2 True. ‘medical researchers at two major American universities have teamed up’ 3 True. ‘Thanks to the sort of nanotechnology currently used to make the integrated circuits found in computers’ 4 False. ‘patients will be able to use microneedles on their own’

Unit 4 1 1 False. ‘a farmer’s field somewhere deep in the countryside’ 2 False. ‘do-it-yourself secondhand market’ 3 True. ‘Naturally, there is an entrance fee’ 4 True. ‘head off early’

2 a is clearly wrong b confirmed by unwanted c contradicted by unwanted

3 1 c   2 d   3 c 4 1 load up    2  set up (your stall) 3 checking out   4 head off 5 laid out

Unit 5 1 1 c   2 b   3 d 2 1 irreversible   2 revelation 3 benefitted   4 smallholdings 5 sustainable

3 The lush forest astonished me because it hadn’t existed fifty years earlier and deforested areas are not generally replanted.

4 Students’ own answers

Unit 6 1 1 False. ‘I fancied going somewhere warm and exotic for my holidays’ 2 False. ‘Karen and I found ourselves being driven along bumpy roads to the hillier, grassier coastal area’ 3 False. ‘There were five other volunteers, apart from me and Karen, and we all did everything together’

4 True. ‘Brad checked to see if we had missed a tree borer’

2 1 lounging   2 bumpy   3 gang 4 idyllic   5 pest

3 Possible answer The writer said she had decided to go somewhere warm for her holidays two summers before.

4 Possible answers 1 The writer is the sort of person who doesn’t like sitting on a beach all day. 2 They were made to work four days a week by Brad. 3 If they didn’t kill tree borers, the borers would destroy the crop.

Writing practice Unit 1 1 1 before   2 While 3 as soon as   4 after   5 when 6 First/Then/finally

2 and 3 1 Let me tell you about a really exciting weekend my family and I have had. 2 I couldn’t believe it when Cathy won!! 3 Just imagine how excited we were! Cathy crossed the line in the lead, and my mum and dad started jumping up and down, and I was cheering like mad! 4 Now you know all about my weekend! 5 Log on to hear more in my next blog ...

4 1  As soon as Cathy crossed the line in the lead, my mum and dad started jumping up and down. 2 First of all, a journalist came round to our house with a photographer. After that, Mum and Dad took Cathy and me out for a really nice meal. And finally on Sunday evening, we had a really cool party at our house. 3 While the photographer took photos, the journalist interviewed Cathy about her victory. 4 After the journalist (had) left, Mum and Dad took Cathy and me out.

5 and 6 Students’ own answers

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READING AND writing practice answer key

Unit 2 1 1 consequently    as a result therefore    that is why because of this 2 because   since   as   due to

2 1 consequently / as a result / 2 3 4 5

therefore because / since / as as a result / because due to consequently / as a result / therefore / that is why / because of this

3 and 4 1 strongly   2 really / strongly 3 probably   4 really

3 b Moreover, according to food experts, it is ... 4 c Thanks to meat, we are healthy! 5 d To sum up, meat is such ...

5 Students’ own answer 6 and 7 Students’ own answers

Unit 4 1 1 c   2 d   3 a    4 b 2 Possible answers 2, 4, 5, 7

3 2 A major online bookseller called

5 1 Consumers should avoid

2

3

4

5

downloading pirate movies as / since it is both illegal and a serious threat to the film industry. Illegally downloading movies affects how much artists get paid. As a result / Therefore / That is why / Because of this, piracy may eventually result in fewer movies being made. Piracy may eventually result in fewer songs being recorded as / since artists won’t be able to make enough money from their hard work. Piracy is also bad as / since it could cut into the profits made by legitimate companies. Companies spend a lot of money to fund and produce albums. Therefore / As a result / Because of this, if they don’t make as much money as they used to, they will stop signing new bands.

7

4 Possible answers The main points are: 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12. Overall message: A major online bookseller called Netbookclub is planning to start a service that allows consumers to buy its books by text message.

5 and 6 Students’ own answers

Unit 5

6 and 7 Students’ own answers

5 and 6 Students’ own answers

Unit 6 1 1 Dear Peter Hughes 2 3 4 5

I would like for applying Dear Madam I am enclosing my CV I look forward to hear from you

2 1 I am writing in response to 2 I would like to apply for 3 I have enclosed my CV 4 I look forward to hearing from you. 5 faithfully

3 and 4 1 e   2 c   3 a   4 b 5 f   6 d

5 Possible answers sociable personality Alps work hard / long hours good cooking skills prepare meals reasonable salary free accommodation / meals free time / skiing Apply with your CV

6 and 7 Students’ own answers

1 1 to   2 not   3 so 4 in   5 as

Unit 3 1 a although   b moreover 2 1 Moreover / Furthermore / What’s more / In addition 2 Although 3 On the one hand / On the other hand 4 Despite 5 Nevertheless / However

3 and 4 1 e For example, there is as much as six milligrams of iron … 2 a In fact, meat contains more iron and zinc ...

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4 5

Netbookclub is planning to start a service that allows consumers to buy its books by text message. The text is for general readers. Possible answers Netbookclub is about to start a new service. The new service allows consumers to buy its books by text message. It allows you to compare prices as well as buy books. You send a text to Netbookclub saying which book you want. The text is an article.

2 We ought to encourage young people in our country to experience life abroad firsthand so that they will be able to discuss the problems and conflicts in the world in an informed way. 3 We should all travel so as to learn about other cultures.

2 and 3 1 b  Many people argue that the only way to ... 2 d / e To my mind, / In my opinion, we should all travel … 3 d / e To my mind, / In my opinion, we ought to encourage ... 4 a  Moreover, I believe that travel ... 5 c  To sum up, we should all travel.

4 1 We should all travel to foreign countries in order to experience different ways of life.

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1

Listening practice

1

02 Read and listen to the phrasal verbs. Match them to their synonyms.

  1   2   3   4   5

3

break into

03 Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 Radio reporting is different from TV reporting

cut out

because radio reporters …

come across

a work long hours.

come up with

b bring stories to life in a different way.

work out

c don’t get paid as well. d tend to cover different stories.

a create, invent or think of

2 According to the speaker, the main secret to

b get a first opportunity to do something

being a good radio reporter is to …

c discover how to do or operate something

a sound friendly and confident on air.

d stop doing something

b make sure you don’t make pauses.

e appear in terms of personality to other people

c make people feel at ease and say interesting

Remember!

things on air.

Read the opening paragraph carefully. This helps you

d be authoritative.

predict who the speakers are, and what the context

3 In her first job on radio, Stacey had to …

and topic of the listening is.

a work very long hours for very low pay. b use the machines in the studio by herself.

2 Read the opening paragraph of an interview and

c cover a particular area of news.

identify the two speakers. What do you think the interview will be about?

d work unsociable hours. 4 What advice does Stacey give? a Study radio reporting at university. b Learn all you can before applying for jobs. c Work for free and try to do as much as you can.

Presenter  Hello and welcome to Jobs for Life. On

d Don’t do anything that’s too difficult.

today’s programme, we’re talking to freelance radio reporter, Stacey Wright. She’s going to tell us all about her job, and, I hope, she’s going to give us a few tips on how to break



into her line of work.

4

03

Listen again and answer the questions.

1 What do radio reporters need to learn in order to sound good on the radio? 2 What gave Stacey the kind of experience needed to become a professional? 3 In what ways was Stacey thrown in at the deep end in her first radio job? 4 According to Stacey, what’s the only way to learn to be a radio reporter?

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2

Listening practice

1

04 Read and listen to the words. Match them to their synonyms.

  1   2   3   4   5

4

put out an appeal

05 Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 Which serious crime does Jennifer mention as an

come forward

example?

set up a hotline

a an attack in the street

post video footage

b a theft from a house

fit a name to a face

c a stolen radio d a case of abuse

a to offer help or information

2 If a teenager has information for the police, they are

b find out someone’s name

most likely to want to provide that information by …

c ask for information from the public

a phoning a hotline.

d start an emergency telephone line

b calling a radio station.

e put a short piece of video on a website

c sending a text.

Remember!

d talking to a community officer.

Key words in the opening paragraph and questions

3 What crime did the police post CCTV footage of on

give you clues to the main idea of an interview.

the internet? a an attack on a hotel security guard

2 Underline key words in the opening paragraphs

b damage caused to a hotel foyer

below and the questions in 4 and 5 which you think may be important.

c some youths fighting each other d a robbery in a major hotel

3 Read the opening paragraphs of a radio interview.

4 What happened when the CCTV footage was put

What do you think it will be about?

on the social networking site? a Someone saw it and identified the youths. b Some people started copying the crimes. c The youths responsible gave themselves up.

Presenter  Everyone seems to be talking about

d The response was disappointing.

how much of a problem gang violence is these days – knife fights, bullying and vandalism – but why is it that the police don’t seem to be able to do anything about it? That’s the question we are looking at tonight.

To start with, we will hear about a new initiative to encourage witnesses to come forward and tell the police about what they’ve seen. These

5

05

1 Which traditional ways of getting information from the public are mentioned? 2 What are the two ways that are most likely to get a response from teenagers if you are appealing for

young people, who may have been present when something terrible happened, are often



unsure about who to tell and how to go about it.

Listen again and answer the questions.

information? 3 What was the main reason why teenagers watched the video footage of the crime? 4 In the end, how did the police receive information about who the vandals were?

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3

Listening practice

1

06 Read and listen to the words. Match them to their synonyms.

4

  1 debilitating   2 pace   3 quest   4 risk   5 trail

07 Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 What is NOT true about MS? a It’s a disease of the nervous system. b It may affect the patient’s vision and coordination. c The brain and the rest of the body communicate effectively.

a speed

d MS patients suffer complete paralysis.

b route to follow

2 Why is it difficult to locate the genes connected

c danger

with the development of MS?

d search

a There are one or two really bad ones.

e making you weak and ill

b They are passed from one generation to

Remember!

the next.

A speaker’s status and tone will give you help to

c There are a number of genes to discover.

predict and infer his or her attitude to the topic.

d They haven’t found the key MS gene yet. 3 What does the doctor say about the quest for an

2 Look at the opening paragraph below. What can

understanding of genes connected with MS?

you say about the status of the guest on the radio programme?

a He is pessimistic about the progress. b They are making gradual progress. c He has no good news to share. d They are making rapid progress.

3 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview.

4 What does the doctor expect to have achieved in

What do you think it will be about?

the next few years? a A cure for most forms of MS. b An understanding of all the MS genes. c A cure for many elusive genes.

Presenter  Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is one

d A knowledge of most of the MS genes.

of the world’s most debilitating diseases. However, the pace of genetic research into the disease suggests that a cure will be found one day soon. In today’s programme, leading geneticist, Doctor Roger Oakley, is here to answer your questions about the progress of



research into the disease.

5

07

Listen again and answer the questions.

1 What do we find out about Samantha’s brother’s plans? 2 What sort of things do genes connected with the development of MS control? 3 What does the doctor hope to understand in the short term? 4 What does the doctor hope to understand in the mid term?

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4

Listening practice

1

08 Read and listen to the words. Match them to their synonyms.

4

  1 trendy   2 to suit   3 to spread   4 wealthy   5 clientele

09 Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 Which city probably had personal shoppers first? a Milan b New York c London d Madrid 2 Which social group form the majority of Andrea’s

a customers

clientele?

b to go from one place to many others

a women under 40

c to look good on someone

b men and women under 40

d modern and fashionable

c men and women over 40

e very rich

d wealthy older people

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview.

3 By dressing well, modern business people are

What do you think it will be about?

trying to impress their … a managers. b partners. c colleagues.

Presenter  If you’re hopeless at shopping but like

d clients.

to look trendy, then you’ll find our next item

4 How much does it cost to hire Andrea’s services for

on World Today very enlightening. Reporter

a day?

Amy Jackson is in Milan, in northern Italy,

a 1000 euros

investigating the world of the personal shopper

b 2000 euros

– men and women who make a living by

c 3000 euros

shopping for other people!



d 4000 euros

5

Remember! Make sure you know exactly which type of information you have to listen for when listening for specific information.

09

Listen again and answer the questions.

1 How does Amy describe Milan?

3 Read through the options in 4 quickly and match the questions to what you should be listening for. Question 1

a a number

Question 2

b a sex and an age

Question 3

c a city

Question 4

d a person’s role in business

2 What do personal shoppers like Andrea actually do? 3 What sort of people used to employ a personal shopper when it first started? 4 What aspects of how people look need to be addressed in today’s business world?

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5

Listening practice

1

10 Read and listen to the words. Match them to their synonyms.

4

  1 fit in   2 remote   3 huge   4 tricky   5 authentic

11 Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 On his trip, what was the first country that Danny visited? a Vietnam b Cambodia c Canada d the USA

a difficult

2 How did Danny spend a lot of his time when he

b real

was in Canada?

c include

a He spent most of his money.

d very big

b He went hiking.

e far from anywhere

c He tried skiing in the mountains.

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview.

d He stayed on the beach.

What do you think it will be about?

3 What were the remote country areas of Vietnam like? a They were still full of rice fields and traditionallooking people.

Presenter  Hello and welcome to Backpacker

b They were on the other side of Vietnam so Danny

World, the travel programme for young people

didn’t go there.

who want to see the world. My guest today

c They were completely different to what Danny

is Danny Clarke, a 19-year-old student from

had expected.

Birmingham who has just returned from



d The people didn’t like being so remote from the

today’s featured country – Vietnam.

city areas. 4 What does Danny say about Ho Chi Minh City?

Remember!

a He didn’t expect it to be so large.

Check for distractors in the introduction and in the

b It was still very traditional.

multiple choice options.

c He ate some fantastic food there. d It was in the west of the country.

3 Read through the options in 4 and find obviously incorrect options. Cross them out.

5

11

Listen again and answer the questions.

1 How did Danny spend the first month of his trip? 2 What did Danny think that Vietnam would be like? 3 How does Danny describe Ho Chi Minh City? 4 What different experiences did Danny have when he visited traditional villages?

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6

Listening practice

1

12 Read and listen to the words. Match them to their synonyms.

4

  1 daunting   2 loner   3 team player   4 needy   5 imply

13 Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 Interviewers ask job applicants some easy questions to … a make them feel better in a stressful situation. b help them choose the best interviewee. c try to catch the interviewees out. d give them time to think of other questions.

a requiring help and support

2 What does Tom say about our qualities as

b someone who prefers their own company

candidates?

c difficult and demanding

a They depend on how much work experience you

d suggest

have.

e someone who likes working with others

b You should always mention you have initiative.

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview.

c Everyone has good qualities, but not all are

What do you think it will be about?

suitable for a particular job. d Being able to work in teams is important. 3 If asked whether your work has ever been criticized, you should …

Presenter  As the school year draws to a close,

a describe why you were criticized.

many students will be applying for part-time

b deny ever being criticized.

or full-time jobs and will soon have to face the

c try to show yourself in a positive light.

daunting task of going to a job interview. In

d change your answer.

today’s programme, we’ll be asking careers

4 How should you answer if asked what work

advisor Tom Steward about how to prepare for

environment you prefer?

an interview.



a Be careful not to give a wrong answer. b Always say you like being independent.

Remember!

c It depends on what job you’re applying for.

In multiple-choice exercises, read the questions and

d Never ask for your own office.

answers carefully to familiarize yourself with what the interview is about and to eliminate obviously wrong answers.

5

13

Listen again and answer the questions.

1 What sort of topics do interviewers ask easy

3 Read through the options in 4 and decide what the interview is about.

questions about? 2 How should you answer easy questions? 3 Why is it tricky to answer questions about times you have been criticized at work? 4 Why do interviewers sometimes ask what sort of work environment you like?

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1

speaking practice

Telling an anecdote 1 Work in pairs. Decide who is student A and who is student B.

2 Read your version of the anecdote and think of the questions you need to ask to find out the missing information.

Example questions Where did you go yesterday? Who did you go with? 3 Take turns to ask and answer questions in order to complete your version of the anecdote.

4 Imagine you want to tell your friends the anecdote

5 In pairs, practise telling the anecdote. Try to stress and emphasize the key information.

6 Think of a time when you saw or met a famous person. If you have never seen a famous person in real life, use your imagination and make it up! Follow the steps below and prepare to speak about the experience. 1 Write brief notes to answer the questions below: • Who was the famous person, and where and when did you see or meet him or her? • What did the famous person say or do? • What did you say or do? • How did you feel at the time and afterwards?

you have just read. Make it more interesting by completing the sentence starters below with information from the anecdote.

2 Think about how you can make the anecdote

1 Guess what happened to …

3 Practise telling the anecdote, including all the

interesting by using useful phrases. Don’t write your ideas down. information in the story and the useful phrases.

2 Well, she was … when …

7 Tell a partner your anecdote about a time when you saw or met a famous person.

3 You won’t believe who … 4 Lucy felt so surprised that …

✁ Student A

Student B

with my friend Yesterday, I went to (1) Claire. We got off the train at (2) , and I bumped into a woman on the platform. I dropped (3) and my mobile phone fell out. I (4) the things on the floor and the woman helped me. When I looked up, I recognized the woman. It was (5) ! The pop star! She said sorry and smiled, then walked away along the platform. I was (6) and I didn’t say anything! Pass on my news!

Yesterday, I went to London with (1) . We got off the train at Euston Station, and I bumped into (2) on the platform. I dropped my bag and my mobile phone (3) . I picked up the things on the floor and (4) helped me. When I looked up, I recognized the woman. It was Leona Lewis! The pop star! She said (5) and smiled, then walked away along the platform. I was surprised and I didn’t say anything! Pass on (6) !

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2

speaking practice

Expressing opinions 1 Look at the photos and answer the questions.

3 Complete the bloggers’ comments using information in the article and your own ideas. 1 I can see why rappers think they look cool in these

1 What can you see in the photos? 2 What do you think might be the connection between the two photos?

posters, but .. 2 Personally, I think the poster is irresponsible

3 Do you think that rap music influences violent crime? Give reasons for your answer.

because … 3 You can’t be serious! There’s no connection between … 4 For me, rappers shouldn’t … 5 To my mind, we shouldn’t blame rappers for gun crime because …

4 Practise expressing the opinions you have written in 3. Try to stress and emphasize the key points.

5 Prepare to express your opinion about this issue. Think of three or four arguments to support your view and write them down in note form.

Notes

2 Read the newspaper article about a rapper. What is the government’s view? What is the view of advertisers?

6 ‘Rap musicians should not glamorize gun crime

and violence in their songs because it encourages young people to join gangs and become criminals.’ Discuss.

Anger over rapper’s poster A poster showing a rap star holding a baby in one hand and a gun in the other has been criticized by the government for glamorizing gun crime, especially as the poster has appeared in an area where gun crime amongst children is a problem. Advertisers said they were only trying to publicize the rapper’s new album, and that the poster symbolized the artist’s fight to escape the ghetto. ‘It’s harmless,’ said a spokesperson. ‘Rappers are singers, not criminals.’

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3

speaking practice

Agreeing and disagreeing 1 Look at the photos and answer the questions. 1 What sort of food do the two photos show? 2 Which food is healthy and which is unhealthy? Why? 3 What sort of food can you buy at your school? 4 Do you think schools should sell or serve chocolate or fizzy drinks? Why? Why not?

Tom

(1)

it’s outrageous. We should

be able to buy whatever we want. Digger (2)

Why can’t we choose what

sort of things we eat at break time? Sioux

(3)

I think it’s a good idea to

ban junk food from the school. That way, students will have to eat more healthily. Digger (4)

We have a right to eat what

we want! The school shouldn’t force us to eat healthily. It’s our choice!

3 Add the phrases in the box to the bloggers’ comments in 2. You can’t be serious!   I don’t agree with you at all! I think … That’s exactly what I think!

4 Practise expressing the bloggers’ comments. Try to stress and emphasize the key information.

5 Think of three or four reasons why schools should ban fizzy drinks and chocolate, and three or four reasons why schools shouldn’t ban them. Write notes.

For

Against

2 Read the note on the school noticeboard and the bloggers’ comments. Which student is in favour of the new vending machine, and which students oppose it?

Please note that the vending machine in the entrance hall will be removed on Friday and replaced with a machine that sells healthier products. Chocolate and fizzy drinks will no longer be available on the school premises.

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6 In pairs, one student argues in favour of the ban and one student argues against it. Use expressions to agree or disagree.

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77

4

speaking practice

Complaining 1 Look at the photo and answer the questions. 1 Who are the people in the picture? 2 What is the problem? 3 What do you think they might say to each other?

3 In pairs, practise saying the dialogue in 2. Note the useful expressions.

4 Read the problems in the box. Use the scheme below to write your own dialogues. Remember to include useful expressions. • • • • • • • • • • •

the food was too salty the fish was overcooked this is not what I ordered the bill was too high the waiter was rude the chairs were uncomfortable there was a fly in the soup the plates were dirty the glasses were cracked there was too much noise the salad wasn’t fresh

Customer Manager Customer Manager Customer

2 Put the sentences in the correct order to make a dialogue.

Manager

  a Lastly, the bill was wrong.   b Oh. What seems to be the problem? 1   c Excuse me. Could I speak to the manager, please?

Customer

5 In pairs, practise saying the dialogue in 4.

  d Secondly, when the food arrived, it was cold!   e I’d like to make a complaint.   f I’m so sorry. I’m sure we’ll be able to make a discount for all the trouble you’ve been through today.

  g Well, first of all, we had to wait for half an hour to get a table.

  h I’m sorry to hear that. There must have been some problem in the kitchen. I’ll let the chef know about this.

  i I am the manager. What can I do for you?   j I’m sorry about that. As you can see we’ve been very busy today.

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5

speaking practice

Talking about choices 1 Look at the photos and answer the questions. 1 Where are the people in the pictures? 2 What are they doing? 3 In what ways are the bands similar and in what ways are they different? 4 Which of these bands would you like to see and why?

Indietracks Summer Festival This year’s festival takes place in late July in fields near the village of Stanton. The main bands play on a huge outdoor stage, but you can also see other bands in a train shed, and you can travel on a miniature steam train around the site. The headline bands include some of the best of Indie music, including Teenage Fanclub, Camera Obscura and Au Revoir Simone. As well as the bands, there is a stage featuring cutting-edge dance acts.

3 Complete the sentence starters to express how you feel about the two festivals in 2. 1 I really fancy going to … because … 2 I’m not too sure about … It might be a bit … 3 The good thing about … is that it … 4 The problem with … is that it … 5 This one sounds … because …

4 Practise talking about choices. Try to stress and emphasize the key information in the choices.

5 Decide which of the festivals in 2 you would most like to go to. Think of three or four reasons why you would choose this festival. Talk about your choice of festival to a partner.

2 Read the adverts for summer music festivals. What can you do at each festival?

Heavyfest Summer Open Air Festival The Heavyfest Summer Open Air Festival is a new event, set in a beautiful country park with the chance to camp and loads of market stalls where you can buy food, clothes and memorabilia. The festival aims to cover various aspects of extreme music, with a strong metal slant but also featuring a number of hardcore and punk acts. There’s also a circus tent featuring comedy and novelty acts. It takes place in June and this year’s headliners include Mötley Crüe, Marilyn Manson, Manowar and Heaven and Hell!!

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6

speaking practice

Talking about advantages and disadvantages 1 Look at the photos and answer the questions. 1 How old are the people in the pictures and what are they doing? 2 What is life like for young people in comparison to old people? 3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of being young today? 4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of being older?

2 Read the magazine article. According to Tim, what’s good and what’s bad about being 17?

Things I wish I’d known when I was 17… 55-year-old fashion designer Tim Wilson talks about his teenage years. When you’re young, everything is new and exciting, and you feel you can change the world and do anything. But teenagers worry about things too much, especially about their appearance and what people think of them. I wish I’d spent more time learning new things and going to great places and meeting interesting people rather than wasting my time worrying about my hairstyle and being too shy to meet new people … 3 Express the advantages and disadvantages of being young in Tim’s article by completing the sentence starters below with information from the article. 1 The good / great thing about being young is that … 2 The problem / trouble with … 3 One great advantage of being a teenager is that … 4 A drawback of being young is that you spend too much time …

4 Practise talking about the advantages and disadvantages of being young. Try to stress and emphasize the key information.

5 Think about your own experience of being a teenager. Make a list of three or four positive things, and three or four negative things.

Positive

Negative

6 Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of being a teenager these days. 80

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Listening practice answer key

Unit 1

Unit 3

Unit 5

1 1 b   2 d   3 e   4 a   5 c

1 1 e   2 a   3 d   4 c   5 b

1 1 c   2 e   3 d   4 a   5 b

2 Presenter, Stacey Wright. Students’

2 and 3

2 Students’ own answers

own answers

Students’ own answers

3 Students’ own answers

3 1 b   2 c   3 b   4 c

4 1 c   2 c   3 b   4 d

4 1 They need to learn how to cut out

4 1 d   2 b   3 a   4 a

5 1 He is currently studying medicine

5 1 He stayed in Vancouver in

pauses, ums and ahs and also whether they sound friendly or not, and confident. 2 She volunteered at her university radio station for free. 3 She had to invent her own stories and learn how to operate the equipment all by herself. 4 The only way to learn to be a radio reporter is to volunteer for everything and learn on the job.

Unit 2 1 1 c   2 a   3 d   4 e   5 b 2 and 3 Students’ own answers

at university and wants to do genetic research in the future. 2 They control how old you are when you develop MS, how severe it could be, and what drugs might work against it. 3 In the short term, he thinks they will understand most of the genes that control the progression of the disease. 4 In the mid term, he expects to have an understanding of all the genes involved and then he hopes to see drugs developed to cure the disease.

Unit 4

Canada and went hiking in the mountains. 2 He expected it to be full of rice fields and traditionally-dressed people. 3 He describes it as large, busy with traffic, modern and westernised. 4 He visited a wonderful, authentic village but there were also some touristy villages where villagers weren’t living traditionally.

Unit 6 1 1 c   2 b   3 e   4 a   5 d 2 and 3

4 1 a   2 c   3 b   4 a

1 1 d   2 c   3 b   4 e   5 a

5 1 Asking around the community to

2 Students’ own answers

4 1 a   2 c   3 c   4 c

3 Question 1 c a city

5 1 They ask about your hobbies,

get information and putting out an appeal on posters or the radio. 2 Using text messages or social networking sites. 3 The main reason they watched was for fun – they enjoyed watching it. 4 Some teenage viewers recognized the vandals on the CCTV footage.

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Question 2 b a sex and an age Question 3 d a person’s role in business Question 4 a a number

4 1 b   2 b   3 d   4 b 5 1 She describes Milan as the city of fashion, where your appearance is important. 2 They advise their clients on what clothes look good on them, and help them shop for clothes. 3 Mostly rich older people, concerned about their appearance. 4 Aspects that need attention include a person’s haircut, dress sense and individual style.

Students’ own answers

your experiences and your reasons for applying for the job. 2 You should just smile, relax and be honest. 3 It is difficult because you can’t admit that your work has been criticized, but you don’t want to come across as arrogant by saying you are never criticized. 4 They want to find out if you are a loner or a team player.

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AudioscriptS

Unit 1 P Presenter   S  Stacey P Hello and welcome to Jobs for Life. On today’s programme, we’re talking to freelance radio reporter, Stacey Wright. She’s going to tell us all about her job, and, I hope, she’s going to give us a few tips on how to break into her line of work. Hi Stacey. S Hi. P I’ve always wondered how the life of a radio reporter differed from that of a TV reporter. Is it very different? S Well, there are a lot of similarities, of course. The long hours and the low pay, for a start. And the stories we cover are the same. I suppose radio reporters are interested in ‘good sound’ to bring stories to life, whereas TV reporting is all about getting good pictures. P So, what’s the secret to being a good radio reporter? S Well, one thing you have to be aware of is how you sound and what you say, of course. You need to cut out pauses, and all those ‘ums’ and ‘aahs’ people generally say, and you need to know when you’re sounding friendly or authoritative. It’s important too to come across as confident, not nervous. But, I’d say the main thing is learning how to get other people to say interesting things on air. That’s not easy. You and I are used to speaking into a microphone, but most ordinary people feel anxious when they have a camera or microphone put in front of them. A good radio journalist knows how to put them at ease. P Yes, what do you do to make people feel relaxed, how do you put them at their ease? S It’s difficult to say exactly but it’s probably only 50% what you do and 50% how you are as a person. I obviously ask lots of questions about the person’s life and use their name a lot but as I’m an extrovert I think communication just comes naturally to me. P And do you have any tips on how to get a job as a radio journalist? S Well, it isn’t easy. I started out by volunteering to work for the radio station at my university for free. I had to come up with my own news stories and work out how to operate all the technological equipment by myself. P What? Really? You had to do the whole thing? Think of the story, find the people, record them, do all the … recording … mixing … editing and all those technical things too? 82

S Yeah. It was hard work but great fun, and it gave me what people call a ‘good grounding’. You know? The experience that you need to be a good professional. So, that’s my advice. Volunteer for everything, throw yourself into the deep end, and learn on the job. It’s the only way. P OK. Thanks, Stacey. It sounds like good advice to me. After the break, we …

Unit 2 P Presenter   J  Jennifer P Everyone seems to be talking about how much of a problem gang violence is these days – knife fights, bullying and vandalism – but why is it that the police don’t seem to be able to do anything about it? That’s the question we are looking at tonight. To start with, we will hear about a new initiative to encourage witnesses to come forward and tell the police about what they’ve seen. These young people, who may have been present when something terrible happened, are often unsure about who to tell and how to go about it. What the authorities in New Jersey, USA, have decided to do is to give these teenagers an option for getting in touch with the police in a way that they are very familiar with – through technology. Here to tell us all about it is our crime correspondent, Jennifer Lowe. So, Jennifer, what exactly have the police started doing? J Well, traditionally, there have been two ways of appealing for information following a serious crime like a mugging. The first is for detectives to go into the community, ask around, and get a feel for who might have important information. And the second is to put out a general appeal using the mass media (TV, radio etc) and posters to encourage people who know something to come forward. P And is this working? J Not at all. At least, not among the community they need information from: the teenagers. Of course, lots of older people call the police on telephone hotlines, but people under twenty simply aren’t into that. The problem is that they communicate by texting or on social networking sites, not by reading posters and making phone calls. And now the police have recognized this and are doing something about it. P So, what are they doing exactly?

J Well, they’re trying to contact the kids through the media they use. Logical, isn’t it? A good example of this is a case of vandalism that happened about two months ago. Some youths went into a very expensive hotel and started smashing up the foyer … P What? Really? A group of teenagers just walked into a hotel and started destroying the reception area without anyone doing anything about it? J More or less, yes. But what they didn’t realize was that they were caught on CCTV. P Security cameras? J Exactly. The police posted the images from the CCTV on a popular social networking site, and, within hours, the footage had hundreds of hits. P Do you mean that hundreds of young people visited the site to help the police? J Not quite. Although many of the teenagers visiting the site just wanted to watch the film for kicks – because they enjoy seeing that kind of thing – there were some teenage viewers who knew who the vandals were. P And did they help the police catch them? J Sure. Within a few days the police had names to match to the faces on the CCTV film. And it was all because they used their imagination to find a better way for teenage witnesses to tell them what they’ve seen. P Well that’s great news. And now we’re going to be … [fade]

Unit 3 P Presenter   Dr  Doctor Oakley S Samantha   J  Janice P Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is one of the world’s most debilitating diseases. However, the pace of genetic research into the disease suggests that a cure will be found one day soon. In today’s programme, leading geneticist, Doctor Roger Oakley, is here to answer your questions about the progress of research into the disease. Hello, doctor. Dr Hello. P First of all, doctor, could you explain to our listeners what multiple sclerosis is? Dr Sure. Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a disease of the nervous system. Basically, in MS patients the connections between the brain and the rest of the body stop working properly and this causes a variety of problems. P I see. So what are the symptoms?

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Audioscripts

Dr Well, the patient’s vision is normally affected; their sense of balance, the ability to coordinate bodily functions, too and it can sometimes result in complete paralysis. P Oh dear! It must be really distressing for both the patients and the families. Dr It certainly is. That’s why such great efforts are being made to come up with a cure for it. P Absolutely. Talking of which, we have lots of calls coming in from our listeners who, I’m sure, will want to ask you all about the latest developments in the search for a cure for MS. Our first caller is Samantha on line one. Your question, Samantha? S Hi Simon. Well, one of my aunts has multiple sclerosis, and my brother is studying medicine at university and is hoping to be involved in genetic research one day. So my question is, why is the study of genes so important in the quest for a cure for multiple sclerosis, and what have you learnt about the MS gene so far? Dr Well, MS is a disease that is passed from one generation to the next, so we know that some people carry genes that put them at greater risk of developing MS. The problem is that we’re not talking about one or two bad genes here. Any one person may carry different genes that govern at what age they might develop MS, how severe it could be, or what drugs might work against it. So there are a lot of disease genes to find before we can fully understand how it all works. The good news is that we have already identified some key genes and the genetic trail is getting clearer by the day. P Thank you Samantha, now we have Janice on line two. J Hi. Yes. I’d like to ask how long the doctor thinks it will be before we have a cure for MS? Dr Well, a while yet. In the short term, and by that I mean the next few years, I expect us to understand more or less all the genes that affect the way the disease progresses – by that I mean how fast it develops or how severe it is. In the mid term, we’ll know all the genes involved, including the elusive ones that make some people susceptible to the disease in the first place. And then I fully expect to see the development of drugs which will be able to stop the disease. P Well, thanks so much Dr Oakley for your time and we wish the best of luck to you and your team. Now, in medicine today … (fade)

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Unit 4 P Presenter   A  Amy   A  Andrea P If you’re hopeless at shopping but like to look trendy, then you’ll find our next item on World Today very enlightening. Reporter Amy Jackson is in Milan, in northern Italy, investigating the world of the personal shopper – men and women who make a living by shopping for other people! A That’s right, Graham. Here I am in Milan, the city of fashion, where the way you look is really important. That’s why a lot of people here who can afford it are starting to employ experts to advise them on issues of sartorial style – in other words wearing the right clothes. The personal shopping service is something that started in – where else? – the United States, but has now spread to Europe, especially the major style capitals like Milan, London, Paris and Madrid. And with me I have Andrea Rossi, a style consultant and personal shopper. What sort of people employ personal shoppers like you? A Well, the demand for personal shoppers has grown a lot lately. A few years ago, most of my customers were wealthy older people, people who just liked to look good. Now, I’d say business people make up most of my clientele. They tend to be well-off, of course, under forty, and incredibly busy with high-powered jobs. A So, why are they coming to you? A Well, my clients simply don’t have time to shop for clothes themselves. There was a time in the past when dressing as a successful business person was easier. You just had to wear a conventional, dark suit. Mainly because they were mostly men. But these days, things are different. Style is much more important and successful business people include both men and women. Fortunately for me, this means that things like hairstyle, dress sense and looking good are all much more important than they used to be. Feeling good in front of colleagues and, more importantly, impressing clients can even improve their job prospects. A So, how much are they prepared to pay for your services? A Well, it depends on how long they need me for and how many items I need to purchase, but, on average, they pay two thousand euros a day. A Two thousand euros a day! And that doesn’t include the money they spend on clothes, I assume. A Yes, that’s just for me!

A Well, that sounds like a great job – you don’t need anyone to help you do you? Anyway, thanks ever so much Andrea. Now, back to the studio …

Unit 5 P Presenter   D  Danny P Hello and welcome to Backpacker World, the travel programme for young people who want to see the world. My guest today is Danny Clarke, a 19-yearold student from Birmingham who has just returned from today’s featured country – Vietnam. Hi Danny. Welcome to the show. D It’s great to be here. P So, Danny, I believe Vietnam was the last stop on a round-the-world trip. Which other countries did you go to before you ended up in Hanoi? D Well, it all started nine months ago with a flight to the United States. After visiting New York and Chicago I spent most of my first month in Canada, hiking in the mountains and staying in Vancouver. P Wow! That’s supposed to be a really cool city. D Yes it is, it’s got snow in the winter and beautiful sunny weather at this time of year. P Sounds amazing! And then, after that … Vietnam! Tell us why you went there. D Good question. I suppose I wanted to see something completely different. While I was in the USA and Canada I felt that I was in a very familiar environment – after all, we speak the same language and have similar customs to the Americans and Canadians … P … but Vietnam was different? D Completely! Before I went, I suppose I’d expected the country to be full of rice fields, you know? Mainly farms. P But it wasn’t? D Well, some parts of Vietnam are very agricultural, they look a bit like the images we’ve all seen on American films about the war there. You know, rice fields with buffalos and farmers wearing big hats … but other parts of the country really surprised me. P In what way? D Well, when I got to Ho Chi Minh City I couldn’t believe how huge it was, how much traffic there was, and how industrialized the city was. In fact, it’s quite westernised in a way – you can find food there from almost any country in the world.

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AudioscriptS

P And what about the Vietnamese people? D They’re fascinating but the people in the north are totally different to the people in the south. In the north of the country, you can visit people living very traditional lifestyles in small villages. We visited a really authentic village where everyone wore traditional dress – it was a wonderful experience. Obviously, they’re not all like that: some villages have discovered tourism and have completely lost their traditional way of life. They just sell souvenirs. Then there’s the people in the cities. They’re a bit more like us, but friendlier. P And was that the end of your trip Danny? D No, actually, after Vietnam, I managed to fit in a short trip across Cambodia, and flew back from there two days ago, so Vietnam wasn’t quite the end of the trip. P Well, you’ve managed to convince me that I need to go to Vietnam. Danny, it’s been great talking to you …

Unit 6 P Presenter   T  Tom P As the school year draws to a close, many students will be applying for parttime or full-time jobs and will soon have to face the daunting task of going to a job interview. In today’s programme, we’ll be asking careers advisor Tom Steward about how to prepare for an interview. Welcome to the studio, Tom. One thing that many young people write in to ask is what questions interviewers are going to ask them. Can you help? T Well, yes. Most good interviewers will ask some easy questions to make you feel relaxed. They’ll ask about your hobbies, your experiences and your reasons for applying for the job. These questions should be easy to answer – just smile, relax and be honest. However, the interviewer will soon move on to other more open questions. These will probably be about your education, work experience and about your qualities as a candidate. P So open questions are more difficult? T Well, they can be if you haven’t prepared but if you’ve carefully read through your CV before going into the interview, then you should be ready to talk about your educational and work experience. P What about your qualities as a candidate? That sounds a bit trickier.

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T Not really. Whether you have ample work experience or none, we all have positive qualities to bring to a new job. For example, you can be a hardworking and pro-active person. That means you have initiative. You might be sociable and easy going, which means you can work well with other people, or you might be an independent person who can get on with the job without needing lots of support. These are all very positive qualities, depending on the job you are applying for. P So you think preparing for an interview is the key to success? T Definitely. However, there will always be one question that you can’t really plan for. That’s the ‘trick’ question – a question that experienced interviewers often use. P ‘Trick’ questions, eh? Can you give us an example? T Well, one favourite is to ask you to describe a situation where your work or one of your ideas was criticized. This is really tricky because, on the one hand, it doesn’t sound good to admit that your work has ever been criticized. However, if you say that you’ve never done anything wrong, you can come across as very arrogant. P So how do you answer that question? T Well, the best answer is to talk about an idea that wasn’t successful at first but became successful after you changed it or improved it in some way. The key thing is to always finish your answer positively by talking about something you did well. P That sounds like good advice. T Interviewers sometimes ask what type of work environment you like. What they’re trying to find out is whether you are a loner or a team player, whether you are independent or needy. There’s no right or wrong answer but if you are applying for a job in which you will need to work in a team, don’t say that you prefer your own office with silence and the door shut! If in doubt, the best answer is to imply that you like working with others but that you can be independent too. P OK. Thanks for that, Tom. One further question. What …

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Unit Testscience (plus) and technology

Weird weather A In the south-east of Spain in the year 2000, giant lumps of ice the size of basketballs fell from the sky, smashing roofs and cars as they dropped. This is not the only weird weather to appear in the news; in England in the 1940s it rained frogs. At first glance it might seem that these phenomena are practical jokes or simply untrue, but a look at the science behind them reveals some interesting results. B Initially meteorologists thought these huge ice balls might have fallen from passing planes, but closer analysis revealed they had the ‘onionskin’ layering of ice typical of 1hailstones. Hailstones are caused by winds known as updrafts that blow upwards in thunderstorms. Droplets of 2supercooled water are carried upwards where they come into contact with ice crystals or dust particles and instantly freeze, causing a hailstone to grow around these particles. Hailstones cycle between the updraft and the top of the cloud over and again, growing with each revolution as they come into contact with moisture. At some point they become too heavy and fall to the ground. C If the giant ice balls found in Spain, called megacryometeors, are really just enormous hailstones, the updrafts would have to be very strong and a result of a violent storm. However, these megacryometeors fell from cloudless skies. The cause of the giant hailstones is unclear but scientists from the University of Valencia say 1 Choose the best answer according to the text.

damage to the ozone layer could be to blame. This layer of gases protects us from solar radiation, but on the days preceding the event, ozone levels were unusually low in the stratosphere. As a result, less solar radiation was absorbed by the stratosphere, allowing more heat to pass through to the 3 troposphere and resulting in a cooler stratosphere. This may have caused turbulent wind conditions at the tropopause, the boundary between these two layers of the atmosphere. Subsequently, passing planes could have deposited charged* ions which acted as nuclei for the formation of hailstones which grew as they cycled up and down. The only problem with this theory is that it doesn’t explain why these hailstones were so big, and the mystery remains unsolved. D Megacryometeors are not the only bizarre weather stories to appear in the news. During a 1939 4 downpour in England, hundreds of frogs fell from the sky. This sounds hard to believe, but the explanation is that when a 5tornado travels over a body of water with frogs and fish, these small creatures can be sucked up and carried for many kilometres before falling. E Strange weather phenomena are fascinating but are actually quite rare. However, the next time the weather forecast tells you it’s going to rain cats and dogs, you might want to take it more seriously! *charged: filled with electricity 2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.

1 Hailstones …

  a small balls of ice that fall from the sky

a often fall from planes.

  b a large amount of rain that falls quickly

b are caused by horizontal winds.

  c a violent windstorm, often with winds moving

c start as frozen dust particles. d fall due to their own weight. 2 Megacryometeors … a occur when there is no wind. b may be caused by global warming. c have nothing to do with planes.

in a circular motion   d the lowest layer of the atmosphere, 10–20km above the Earth   e made extremely cold

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as …

d may be related to pollution levels.

1 people who study the weather.

3 ‘Frog rain’ …

2 violent, wet weather conditions, often accompanied

a only happens in England. b can happen when there’s a tornado. c can happen in the absence of water. d usually happens during heavy rain. 4 Strange weather phenomena … a are usually fake.

by lightning. 3 a layer of gases that protects us from the sun’s rays. 4 a region of the upper atmosphere, around 50km above the Earth. 5 atoms with an electrical charge.

b usually involve animals. c are not very common. d usually have no explanation. Photocopiable

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science and technology

Now you see it, now you don’t A Most of us hear the words ‘invisibility cloak’ and think of Harry Potter films or computer games, but cutting-edge developments in materials science have brought us one step closer to achieving invisibility. B Objects are visible to us because they reflect light, known as electromagnetic radiation, back to our eyes. In recent investigations, scientists have developed a material that 1refracts light in carefully curved paths around the object we want to hide, so that we can see through it, or rather, around it to the other side. In other words, the light that is 2reflected back to our eyes will come from whatever is behind the object rather than the object itself. The secret behind this material is the way it bends light using a phenomenon called negative refraction. Materials found in nature have a positive refractive index. An example of this is when we put a straw in a glass of water and the straw appears to be slightly bent. If water had negative refraction, the reflection of the straw would stick up and out of the water’s surface into the air above the glass. C In previous attempts at creating invisibility cloaks, scientists have only managed to make them work for light that human eyes can’t see, such as microwaves, which have longer wavelengths. This new research has managed to produce negative refraction of shorter wavelengths, like visible light, 1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 How does the invisibility cloak work?

by using nanotechnology. The cloak consists of thin sheets of 3polymer covered in a circuit of tiny 4conducting metal shapes, designed to direct incoming electromagnetic radiation so it moves in a specific way. One reason this has worked where other attempts have failed is that light has such a short wavelength that, in order to manipulate it, the material used needs to have a very small scale. This is achieved using silicon nanoparticles, which bend the electromagentic waves so that we see the light that is reflected from the surface behind the hidden object instead of from the object we want to hide. D These developments are exciting but scientists admit that we are far from creating usable invisibility cloaks. One problem is that the cloak doesn’t reflect light or cast a shadow, which might make it obvious that we are trying to hide something. It would also be made of 5rigid material, so it wouldn’t be suitable for flexible objects, such as clothing, and while big cloaks could be made to cover large objects, you wouldn’t be able to move the cloak as it would make the object visible again. E So while it seems that for the moment Harry Potter-style invisibility cloaks are still the stuff of Hollywood movies, it’s undeniable that achieving negative refraction of light is an important step towards that dream.

4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a when an image, heat or light is cast back to its source

2 What are the problems with the invisibility cloak?

  b deflects light from a straight path in another direction

2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 We see objects because they absorb light. 2 Negative refraction exists in nature.

  c transmitting heat, sound or electricity   d a synthetic material composed of many repeating units  e stiff

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …



1 ultra-modern.

3 Light has a longer wavelength than microwaves.

2 a very high-frequency type of electromagnetic



wave.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the

3 a path designed to direct electrical currents.

meaning. 1 ‘Yes, I made a mistake,’ said the researcher. The researcher admitted 2 Both of the scientists were unsurprised when the

4 tiny microscopic particles. 5 a dark shape on the floor, produced by an absence of light.

invention failed. Neither 86

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Unit Testscience (plus) and technology

Organ transplants from animals? A If someone told you that you had a monkey’s eyes or a pig’s heart, you would probably feel a little insulted. However, recent scientific developments may make animal-to-human transplants of organs, or xenotransplantation, a reality in the near future. B In Spain, there are around 6000 people currently waiting for an organ transplant, most of whom need a new kidney, heart, liver or lungs. Many of these patients die every year due to the lack of organs available. Even if a suitable donor is found, the organ may be rejected when the 1leucocytes in our blood detect it as a foreign item. C Rejection usually begins to occur within a week of transplantation. One mechanism for this is when our 2T-cells stimulate the transplanted tissue to produce chemical messenger cells, or cytokines, that interact with receptors on specific target cells, causing necrosis of the organ. In order to reduce the chances of rejection, the patient can take immunosuppressants, but these can make them vulnerable to other diseases and infections. D One advantage of using transplants from animals is that it would produce a limitless supply of organs. Pigs are quite similar to us genetically and make ideal donors, but in past attempts at transplantation, our bodies have rejected their organs. It seems that the answer to successful xenotransplantation may

1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 What problems are faced by people receiving human-to-human organ transplants?

lie in 3stem cell technology. These ‘master cells’ have the potential to turn into all types of body tissue, including organs. Stem cells can be obtained from human embryos, but this has provoked a lot of ethical controversy. Recently however, geneticists have managed to cultivate stem cells from pig embryos and have been experimenting with modifying the immune-related genes in these cells to make them compatible with the human immune system. These genetically-engineered cells could then be used to clone pigs with these new traits. E Of course, xenotransplantation is not without its problems. Animal-rights groups are concerned about the ethics of breeding animals specifically for transplant purposes. Another issue is 4clotting, which occurs when human antibodies 5bind to blood vessels in the pig organ and activate coagulation factors. This issue may soon be solved though, as scientists have had some success producing pigs carrying human genes for anticlotting substances. There are also concerns about the transmission of viruses that are harmless to animals but lethal to humans, and the fact that as animals age more quickly than humans, there is a risk that the transplanted organs won’t last a lifetime. F Xenotransplantation is still in its infancy, but despite the challenges, it may become a reality within the next ten years and will hopefully save many lives. 4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a to attach   b a type of white blood cell that recognizes



foreign items in the body and activates

2 What are the main problems with

immune responses

xenotransplantation?

  c a general name for all white blood cells   d when blood thickens to form semi-solid lumps



2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Organ rejection tends to be a slow process.

  e an unspecialized cell that has the potential to develop into cells with a specialized purpose

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 the transfer of an organ from one body to another.

2 All organs contain stem cells.

2 someone who gives an organ to another person.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. 1 We have been doing experiments with stem cells. They have been successful. The experiments

3 the death of an organ. 4 medicines that reduce the effect of the body’s immune system. 5 to create an exact copy.

2 Xenotransplantation should be possible if we can solve the problem with rejection. Provided Photocopiable

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science and technology

Synthetic diamonds A Diamonds are among the most expensive precious stones and the hardest natural material known, with large, high-quality stones selling for millions of euros. However, new techniques for creating synthetic diamonds may soon mean that cheap diamond jewellery will be a reality for all of us. B Diamonds occur naturally under very specific 1 thermodynamic conditions, when carbon deposits are exposed to pressures of between 45 and 60 kilobars and temperatures of 900–1300°C for long periods of time, at around 150km beneath the Earth’s surface. This results in a rearrangement of the carbon atoms and a shortening and strengthening of the bonds that connect them. In a diamond crystal, each carbon atom is joined to four other carbon atoms via the strongest chemical links, covalent bonds, forming a rigid and very stable 2tetrahedral network. C Chemists have been producing man-made diamonds for some years now, by recreating the high temperature and pressure conditions found deep underground, often by crushing carbon under a large weight. To grow a single diamond using this method takes over a week, and the fact that they are compressed for long periods of time makes it hard to create large stones. In addition, the high pressure can cause defects in the diamond’s 3lattice, giving them a yellow or brown colour and sometimes weakening their bonds to the extent that the diamond turns into its softer cousin, graphite. 1 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1 In nature … a diamonds form at high temperature but low pressure. b graphite can be made from diamonds. c diamonds form at high temperature and high pressure.

Due to all these limitations, these diamonds are mainly used for industrial purposes, such as coatings for tools. D Now, scientists from the Carnegie Institution of Washington have found a way to make large, flawless diamonds quickly and cheaply using a technique called chemical vapour deposition (CVD). They take a pre-existing synthetic diamond ‘seed’ and put it in a special microwave. This microwave is turned up to 2200ºC and methane, nitrogen and hydrogen are injected into the chamber where the microwaves 4ionize these gases, causing them to deposit carbon atoms on the diamond’s surface. These carbon atoms then rearrange themselves in the same crystalline structure as the seed, and in this way the diamond grows. This technique is not only cheaper than the older methods, but allows for much faster diamond growth, and as it doesn’t use high pressures it often produces stones with fewer flaws than those found in nature. E These advances mean there is a very real possibility that in a few years, anyone who wants to will be able to cheaply purchase large and perfectly formed synthetic diamonds. Samples have even been sent to jewellers who have been unable to tell the difference between these synthetic stones and the real thing. All of this is great news for jewellerylovers but could mean bad news for the 5mining industry.

2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a extracting natural resources from beneath the Earth’s surface   b related to the conversion of heat into other types of energy   c a regular repeating structure of atoms in a crystal

d diamonds grow quite quickly.

  d a shape composed of four triangular faces

2 Synthetic diamonds …

  e to charge electrically

a aren’t usually used to make jewellery. b are made underground.

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as …

c are never colourless.

1 man-made.

d have always been created quickly.

2 chemical bonds where two atoms share a pair of

3 Chemical vapour deposition …

electrons.

a uses natural diamonds as a base.

3 a soft, grey-black form of carbon.

b doesn’t require carbon-rich gases.

4 steam.

c doesn’t rely on pressure.

5 composed of crystals.

d can’t compete with naturally-produced diamonds.

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Unit Testscience (plus) and technology

Life on Venus A Is it possible that there was once life on Venus? Recent space exploration has shown that our neighbouring planet was possibly much more similar to Earth in the past, with a 1plate tectonics system and oceans which could have contained primitive life forms. B Until recently we have never been able to get a close view of Venus, due to its 450ºC temperature and the fact that it’s covered in a thick layer of poisonous gas. However, in 2007 the European Space Agency (ESA) sent a probe to orbit around Venus and photographed it using 2infra-red cameras which can see through these clouds. The images revealed that Venus probably has ancient continents produced by volcanic activity and which used to be surrounded by seas. It seems that for some reason Venus’s climate went out of control and became drastically hotter, and it is hoped that studying its climate change may help us understand climate change on Earth. C The infra-red photos of Venus tell scientists what the planet’s surface might be made of because different rock types radiate different levels of heat and show up as different colours. The images revealed patches of lighter rock in highland areas, which on Earth are usually associated with continental crust and 3felsic rocks like granite. D If these pale rocks on Venus are indeed granite, it is possible that they were created under similar 1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 In what ways may Venus have once been similar to

conditions to those on Earth. Granitic rocks usually require water for their formation, so these findings suggest that, early in the history of the Solar System, Venus may have been a habitable planet with plenty of water. Granite is an 4igneous intrusive rock, meaning it solidifies below the Earth’s surface. Although geologists have some doubts about how granite is produced, one mechanism is when heavy basaltic oceanic 5lithosphere is subducted under lighter continental crust at a plate boundary. As it is drawn down, heat and pressure cause it to melt and it mixes with debris and water which were carried under along with the crust, and then, as it cools, it recrystallizes as granite. After millions of years of erosion this granite is finally revealed at the surface of the continentals. E Of course, none of this conclusively proves that Venus was once a more hospitable planet. All we really know is that the plateau rocks look different from elsewhere and therefore may be granitic. Despite this, scientists think it is worth searching for microbial life which may still be living in Venus’s lower atmosphere. It is uncertain why Venus suddenly became so hot and dry and whether the same could one day happen to Earth. For now we just have to consider ourselves lucky that we live on a planet with the perfect temperature – halfway between boiling Venus and freezing Mars.

4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a a type of light that is warm but cannot be seen   b referring to rock with a high content of silica

Earth?

minerals, such as quartz

2 How is granite created on Earth?

  c referring to rock formed from molten magma



  d a theory which explains the movement of

2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 The surface of Venus can be seen from Earth with a telescope. 2 Scientists aren’t sure there is no life on Venus today.

and the upper mantle

1 to move around a large object in space in a circular or elliptical motion.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. 1 He regrets not studying for the geology exam. He wishes 2 I asked Mark to help me, but he wouldn’t.

Photocopiable

volcanic and seismic activity   e the part of the Earth which includes the crust

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as …



Even

the Earth’s continents and the distribution of

2 the outer layer of the Earth found under the continents and the oceans. 3 a common coarse-grained rock. 4 when one of the Earth’s plates is drawn under another. 5 a raised area of land.

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science and technology

Black holes A Could the planet Earth be swallowed and destroyed by a man-made black hole? As improbable as it seems, some scientists have speculated that this could happen. B A team of scientists working at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) has installed a particle accelerator, called the Large Hadron Collider (or LHC); a 27-km ring buried 100m below the ground near Geneva, Switzerland. The LHC will be used by physicists to study subatomic particles, reproducing the energies that existed just after the Big Bang when our universe was born. This research will hopefully solve some fundamental mysteries about how the universe is put together. C When the machine is running, thin beams of billions of 1protons called ‘hadrons’ travel in opposite directions around the circular accelerator at almost the speed of light. They circulate for hours, guided around the ring by thousands of powerful 2magnets, gaining energy as they go. Finally they collide in the centre of the accelerator with enormous energy, creating an explosion of particles, perhaps including some that no one has seen before. D Along with these particles, it’s possible that the LHC could create miniature black holes. Black holes occur when a star of sufficient 3mass dies and undergoes gravitational collapse. Enormous stars have enormous gravitational pull, and as they 1 Choose the best answer according to the text.

collapse, their own gravity presses them together, compressing an immense mass into a tiny area of space. This tiny speck of 4matter has such a strong gravitational pull that nothing it absorbs, not even light, can escape, meaning it doesn’t emit light and appears to be black. Black holes suck in everything that comes near them and the more they absorb, the more they grow. E Some theories suggest the collider could push enough energy together to cause gravitational collapse of particles and create mini black holes. Luckily, these black holes would probably be harmless. Particle collisions happen in nature all the time when 5cosmic rays from space bombard the Earth, and these do not result in catastrophe. Unlike normal black holes, micro black holes would have almost no mass and exert almost no gravitational pull on matter, and therefore would not grow and they would probably evaporate within a millisecond. Even if they had the opportunity to grow, they would attract matter so slowly that they wouldn’t grow significantly for billions of years. F While the creation of a quantum black hole at the LHC is unlikely, it could also be very exciting, as it would allow physicists to learn about gravity, a force we know relatively little about. And as for the end of the world, scientists say the odds of being destroyed by a black hole are less than one in 50 million, so we’re probably quite safe for now. 2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.

1 The Large Hadron Collider will …

  a size and weight

a allow us to better understand how the universe

  b solid substances that attract metal

was created.

 c substance

b be used to study large particles.

  d belonging to the universe

c study the particles from the Big Bang.

  e positively-charged particles within the nucleus

d help us to understand how the Earth might end. 2 Black holes seem black because they … a don’t absorb any light. b don’t release the light within them.

c reflect light. d are too small to be seen. 3 Hadrons travel …

of an atom

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 an area of space created when a star collapses with such a large gravitational pull that not even light can escape it. 2 an electromagnetic device that produces high-

a around the collider in a semi-circular direction.

energy particles and focuses them in a certain

b more slowly as they go around the collider.

direction.

c around the collider under their own force. d around the collider in two directions.

3 referring to particles such as neutrons that are contained within an atom. 4 a theory that says the universe originated with a large explosion. 5 the force of attraction that a star or planet has, pulling other objects towards its centre.

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Unit TestHumanities (plus) and social science

Tank Man – the anonymous hero A Sometimes in history, the actions of just one ordinary person can make a difference to many. One such individual is ‘Tank Man’, the anonymous bystander who stood up to the Chinese army in Tiananmen Square. B The Tiananmen Square 1riots in Beijing were provoked when around 100,000 people, many of them students, gathered in the square to mourn the death of the pro-2democracy official, Hu Yaobang, in April of 1989. This event also became an opportunity to protest about other concerns regarding China’s communist government, such as freedom of speech. C Although the demonstrations were mainly peaceful, the Chinese government worried that they could result in a 3revolt and took military action. The students blocked the army’s entry to Beijing, but around 1st June, soldiers managed to enter the city and stopped at the edge of Tiananmen Square waiting for government orders. They were told not to shoot anyone, but that they had to clear the square by 6.00am, without fail. Some demonstrators would not leave, so the army made an offer of 4 amnesty not to use force as long as they went. However, many of them decided to stay and face the consequences and this is when the tanks began to roll into the square and open fire.

1 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1 The Tiananmen Square riots … a started with a funeral. b were about several issues.

c were pro-communist.

D On 5th June, more protesters attempted to enter the square but were shot by the soldiers. It is around this time that Tank Man appeared; a moment which was captured on film and became famous all over the world. As a line of tanks entered the square, a small man in a white shirt approached the vehicles and blocked them by standing in their path. The first tank driver attempted to go around him, but the man moved and stopped him. He stood in front of them for some time, then climbed up onto the lead tank and spoke to the soldiers. He reportedly said, ‘Why are you here? You have caused nothing but misery,’ then moved away. Of course, he did not manage to stop the tanks but he did make a statement about freedom in front of the whole world. E Nobody knows what happened to Tank Man after this, as he disappeared into the crowd. Some say he was captured and executed by the secret police. Others think he is still in hiding somewhere in China, but as nobody knows his identity it is impossible to find him. F In China today it can seem as if the events of 5th June 1989 never happened; discussion of the protests is taboo, and even internet searches of the incident are 5censored. Despite this, Tank Man cannot be erased from people’s memories, where for many he will be remembered forever as an anonymous hero. 2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a an attempt to remove the government of your country using force   b a period of time when offences are forgiven in exchange for certain actions

d only involved students.

  c information or images banned from public view

2 The military …

  d when government is chosen by the people

a entered the square as soon as the riots began.

  e public protests that are often violent and out of

b shot people, despite the government telling them not to. c had difficulty entering the square.

control

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as …

d managed to clear the square by 6.00am.

1 a large group of military people.

3 Tank Man …

2 a system of government where one party controls

a blocked the tanks with his car.

both political and economic activity and where all

b made the tanks leave the square.

property is owned collectively.

c used force to stop the tanks. d temporarily stopped the tanks.

3 people who are taking part in a protest or demonstration.

4 Tank Man …

4 a public declaration.

a may still be alive.

5 killed, often publicly.

b sometimes appears on Chinese news. c has been forgotten by most Chinese people. d was probably killed. Photocopiable

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Humanities and social science

Who was Shakespeare? That is the question. A Shakespeare is probably the world’s best-known playwright. He’s famous for 1tragedies such as Hamlet, comedies like A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and histories such as Henry V. However, there are those who question whether Shakespeare really did write these works. B One reason for the 2authorship doubts is that little is known about Shakespeare’s life. All we know for certain is that he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in England in 1564 and was the son of a glove-maker. He later married and had three children, acted in a number of plays and went on to own shares in theatres, such as the Globe in London, before dying in 1616. C Sceptics say that someone from a humble family like Shakespeare’s could not have had the life experience necessary to create the work attributed to him. It is indeed odd that an ordinary man from a small 16th-century town and no access to a personal library had a vocabulary of 29,000 words and expert knowledge of foreign languages, high society, Greek and Latin mythology, legal terminology and the latest discoveries in science, medicine and astronomy of the time. The other strange factor is that authors tend to reveal themselves in their work, and there are few parallels between Shakespeare’s life and the fictional characters in the plays. Doubters question why, when he died, he was not publicly mourned, unlike 1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 What do we know about Shakespeare’s background?

other great writers of the time. It’s also impossible to prove that the plays and sonnets are definitely in Shakespeare’s handwriting. D Shakespeare ‘doubters’ think his work may have been written by a group of authors, or perhaps the Earl of Oxford. They say that university-educated Oxford, who was a celebrated poet in his youth and part of high society, is the perfect candidate. He travelled to Venice and many other foreign 3settings of the plays, while Shakespeare may never have left England. Oxford’s relationships and family troubles also bear resemblance to the 4plots in some of the plays. They say he never revealed his identity because he was part of the nobility and would not have been allowed to write plays, and that he might have paid Shakespeare to pretend to be the author. E Of course, most 5scholars disagree with these theories. After all, Shakespeare’s name appears on the plays and there are numerous letters and poems from friends referring to him as the author. Little biographical information exists about him, but this is unsurprising, as in Elizabethan England the lives of ordinary people were not well-documented. They also believe that many of the documents that existed have not survived to the present day. F Whoever the real Shakespeare was, his stories will always be a key part of our culture, so perhaps it doesn’t really matter who wrote them. 4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a the places and periods in which plays and films take place



  b plays dealing with sad and serious themes

2 Why do some people think the Earl of Oxford may

 c storylines

have been the real Shakespeare?

  d referring to the person who wrote a particular piece of work



2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Much of Shakespeare’s work is autobiographical.

  e people who have great knowledge of a certain subject

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 someone who writes plays for a living.

2 Shakespeare didn’t have a large funeral.

2 places where plays are performed.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. 1 I didn’t come to the play because I was tired. If 2 Hannah prefers the theatre to the cinema.

3 a set of legendary stories or traditions related to a particular culture or time in history. 4 referring to a story that is not based on reality. 5 poems with 14 lines.

Hannah would

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Unit TestHumanities (plus) and social science

The end of cities? A Today, around half of the world’s population, over three billion people, live in cities. As countries in the developing world become industrialized, more people move to these urban centres every day. However, some demographers are predicting that the global energy crisis might mean the end for the world’s major cities. B During the late 18th century, the western world entered an industrial age, with a transition from an economy based on 1manual labour and farming to one centred on machine-based manufacturing. Mechanical farming techniques meant fewer labourers were needed to work in rural areas and vast numbers of people moved from villages to the cities. By 1900, cities like London and New York had evolved into 2mega-urbanisms with populations of millions. Around the same time, electrical power was making it possible for large numbers of people to live in tall city-centre tower blocks with lifts. Over the following decades, low petrol prices made it cheap and practical for most of us to own cars. This in turn meant families could now move out to bigger homes on the cities’ edges, and could easily drive into the centre for anything they needed. As transport was no longer a problem, cities grew larger and were zoned according to activity, such as out-of-town shopping areas, the central business district and industrial areas. C Now some geographers are saying that the fuel shortages we face in the years ahead could 1 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1 Cities are currently …

a shrinking. b smaller than in the 18th century. c expanding.

eventually stop or reverse the trend of urban growth, resulting in a slow death of our cities, especially if we don’t find suitable alternative energies. As we run out of petrol and its price increases, 3 commuting into cities for work will become unaffordable. This means houses in the 4suburbs will lose their value, and these outskirts will begin to contract. Another result of an energy crisis could be a reduction in industrial activity and mechanized farming, which relies on electricity and oil. This could eventually result in us having to grow food closer to home, on a smaller scale, requiring more human and even animal labour. All this could cause a huge 5demographic shift, with people moving from big cities back to the countryside for the first time in 200 years. D Of course, this is very unlikely to happen, but even if our cities don’t disappear, they may become smaller, with more people living and working right in their centres. Heavy industry may also move back towards more central waterfront locations, with an increased reliance on sail*-powered water transport of goods. Only time will tell if this picture of the future is accurate, but it does warn us that now more than ever we need to consider the importance of investing in alternative energies and conserving the fuel we have left. *sail: a piece of fabric that uses the wind’s power to move a boat

2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a work that is done without the use of modern machines   b the act of travelling into a town or city every day to work

d home to 30% of the world’s population.

  c residential districts immediately outside a city

2 During the industrial revolution …

  d a large-scale change in the population

a everyone lived in skyscrapers.

  e very large cities

b most people had cars. c the amount of people living in the countryside increased. d cities became more densely populated.

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 referring to an economy that is based on industry and other mechanized activity.

3 The suburbs …

2 people who study social statistics.

a will disappear in the future.

3 tall buildings used for housing.

b may become a cheaper place to live in the

4 the area surrounding a town or city.

future. c may become a more expensive place to live

5 industry which relies on the use of large-scale, expensive machinery.

because it will be unaffordable to travel to them. d may become a more expensive place to live because house prices will rise. Photocopiable

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Humanities and social science

The Michelangelo code – the Sistine Chapel A We’ve all heard of the Da Vinci Code, but could there be a secret ‘Michelangelo code’ hidden in the frescoes of the Vatican’s Sistine Chapel? These paintings form one of the most famous Christian High 1Renaissance works of art, but some art critics say the artist hid secret symbols in the painting that had little to do with Christianity. Is there any truth in these claims – or have they simply been reading too many Dan Brown books? B The Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, at the request of Pope Julius II. In order to reach the ceiling, the artist designed a special platform which hung from the chapel’s high windows. The technique used was fresco, in which broad washes of paint were applied to damp 2plaster then, as the surface became drier, the artist revisited these areas, adding 3shade and detail. C The frescoes show nine scenes from the Bible’s Book of Genesis, the most famous of which is the Creation of Adam, depicting God stretching out his finger towards Adam’s finger, giving him life. However, some members of the art world are saying that the 4masterpiece actually represents Adam worshipping his own brain. Scientists agree that the cloth and figures behind God do form the perfect cross-section of a brain. Critics of this theory are unable to deny that the image represents a brain, but say that Adam is not worshipping it but is telling people to use their brains to contact God. 1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 What do the Sistine Chapel frescoes represent?

D That isn’t the only controversy; a recent best-selling book theorizes that Michelangelo secretly practised Judaism*, which was illegal at the time, and hid Jewish symbols within the frescoes. In one panel, instead of depicting the Tree of Knowledge as an apple tree, he painted a fig tree in accordance with ancient Jewish tradition. Some figures within the fresco also seem to have their arms and legs arranged to form Hebrew** messages such as ‘loving kindness’, perhaps sending messages of religious tolerance to those oppressed by the Church. Art historians say that while some shapes in the painting may look like Hebrew letters, there is no proof that Michelangelo intended this. Why the artist may have included these symbols is unclear; some say he simply had an interest in Judaism, but others think he was angry with the Pope, as he hadn’t wanted to accept the 5commission to decorate the chapel because he considered himself a sculptor, not a painter. E For the moment, the art world can’t agree on whether Michelangelo did hide secret messages in the Sistine Chapel or if people are simply reading into things too much. Perhaps more important than what Michelangelo hid in the painting was what he managed to reveal; that human beings are capable of amazing achievements. *Judaism: the Jewish religion **Hebrew: a semitic language spoken by some Jewish people 4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a a mixture of lime, sand and water that is used to coat walls

2 What may be the significance of the messages ‘hidden’ in the frescoes?

  b money given to an artist so that he/she will paint a particular piece   c a revival of art, literature and learning in Europe



2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Frescoes are usually painted on wet walls. 2 Painting was Michelangelo’s main profession.

between the 14th and 17th centuries   d an artist’s finest work   e an area of darkness caused when an object blocks light

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 large-scale paintings, painted on walls or ceilings.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. 1 ‘Michelangelo can’t have been Jewish,’ he said. He said 2 He shouldn’t have agreed to do the painting.

2 thin layers of paint. 3 views depicted in a painting. 4 people who study the history of art. 5 someone who creates models of people or objects.

He regretted

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Unit TestHumanities (plus) and social science

Unfair trade? A Today’s consumers are spending more than ever on ethically produced versions of foods like coffee and chocolate. These goods are known as ‘Fairtrade’, because they don’t exploit the thirdworld farmers that produce them, but are they really as fair as we all think? B The Fairtrade Foundation was 1set up in 1992 in response to the dropping prices developed countries were willing to pay for basic farm commodities* like coffee. The other problem was that the various people involved in the process of getting food from the farms to our homes, such as processors and retailers, each took a large portion of the 2profit, leaving very little for the farmer. C Fairtrade works by offering growers a minimum price for their products and then paying them an extra premium, to be invested in social projects such as education, health and environmental initiatives. How and where money is invested is decided by a committee elected by co-operative members or workers on a plantation. This system allows small farmers to protect themselves against market volatility and gives them better access to global markets. Shoppers who buy Fairtrade food are willing to pay a little more in order to benefit these farmers. D However, not everyone agrees that Fairtrade is a good idea. Some economists say these schemes encourage farmers to produce the same crops that kept them in poverty before Fairtrade and rely on the ‘charity’ of those who are willing to pay for 1 Choose the best answer according to the text.

these products. By guaranteeing a minimum price, Fairtrade also encourages market 3oversupply, which decreases global commodity prices. This means that farmers become even more dependent on selling through these channels and that other farmers who are not involved in the schemes become even poorer. Fairtrade coffee farms are not allowed to employ any full-time workers, which means that during harvest season, workers must be employed on short-term contracts and that they don’t have the stability of long-term jobs. E Perhaps the main problem with Fairtrade is that the vast majority of the money from sales remains in the West – only about 5% of the sale price makes it back to the farmers. Furthermore, many Fairtrade products are processed in developed countries. For example, 90% of the world’s cocoa is produced in the Third World, but only 4% of the chocolate is processed there. This means third-world countries remain locked into producing 4primary sector commodities, while the West profits from the value added by conversion. F Fairtrade has its pros and cons, and while it’s certainly not time to forget about ethical products, it may be time for the organization to consider better ways of using the goodwill of ethical shoppers to provide long-term benefits to 5agrarian communities. *commodities: unprocessed or partially processed goods or products

2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.

1 The Fairtrade Foundation …

  a an excess of something

a is not working well at the moment.

  b to establish a business

b has been a huge success.

  c the money that is left after all the expenses of

c is ending poverty in the developing world. d could improve the way it works. 2 Fairtrade … a offers farmers low prices for their goods. b exploits processors and retailers. c gives farmers a bonus when they produce large amounts of crops.

a business have been paid   d the section of the economy dedicated to extracting products from the Earth  e farming

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 shoppers.

d gives farmers a fair price for their goods.

2 sellers.

3 Fairtrade farming …

3 a bonus or additional quantity of money.

a provides workers with stable employment. b does not give workers contracts.

4 instability.

c can decrease the global value of products.

5 written agreements between two people or

d can increase the global value of products.

Photocopiable

organizations.

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Humanities and social science

The teachings of Socrates A What has your teacher got in common with Socrates? Perhaps more than you think. When we are learning something new, our teachers often simply give us the information we need to learn. On other occasions, however, they use what is known as the Socratic method, asking us questions about a concept and forcing us to use logic to work out the answer for ourselves. This way of learning helps us understand what we have learnt more deeply than just telling us the answer and can also be used as a tool for solving problems in other areas of our lives. B Socrates was born in 469 BC in Athens and studied 1 ethics, influenced by the philosopher Anaxagoras. However, instead of spending his time indoors studying, he spent his days wandering around Athens, questioning and arguing with citizens about their opinions on life. C When arguing about philosophical matters he would employ what we call 2Socratic irony, acting as if he knew nothing about the subject in order to draw more information from his opponent. Using the Socratic method of questioning, he would ask someone known to be an expert to define a term such as justice, and would proceed to reveal their definition as inadequate or contradictory. This often made the other person look foolish, but would also lead them to come up with other more suitable definitions for ideas such as goodness or piety. 1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 What is the Socratic method of questioning?

D One reason he wanted people to come up with accurate definitions of moral concepts is because he believed people were all basically 3virtuous, and that they did bad things due to an ignorance of what was good rather than evil intentions. He thought that those who commit evil acts convince themselves they are doing the ‘right’ thing in order to justify their actions. Unlike Aristotle, he did not agree with the concept of acrasia, meaning ‘knowing the good and yet doing the evil’. Socrates also believed you could only achieve true happiness, or eudaimonia, in life if you were a good person, and he saw it as the philosopher’s job to help us better understand what is right and wrong in order to be happier. E Socrates’ questioning techniques often resulted in embarrassing important members of the Athenian aristocracy, and the youth of Athens found this so amusing that they started to question people in the same manner. By the age of 70, Socrates and his followers had offended so many prominent figures that he was seen as a 4heretic. He was convicted of corrupting the young and of 5atheism, for not worshipping the gods of Athens, and was sentenced to death by poisoning. Socrates could have probably survived if he had renounced his teachings, but he chose to stick by his beliefs and pay for them with his life. 4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a someone who is thought to be in opposition to what most people believe

2 Why was Socrates killed?

  b an area of philosophy related to deciding what is right or wrong

2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Socrates had a very practical approach to philosophy.

  c morally good and right   d pretending to be ignorant in a discussion   e the belief that God does not exist

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 reasoning.

2 Socrates believed that bad people could not be changed.

2 the people living in a city or country. 3 respect for God and religious traditions.



3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the

4 referring to the principles of right and wrong.

meaning. 1 His advice was to try to be as virtuous as possible.

5 nobility.

He 2 It’s not normal for me to have to do so much work. I am not

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Unit TestARTS (plus)

Reaching for the stars A From the pyramids at Giza to the Empire State Building, architects have always been obsessed with creating high structures. Until recently the highest skyscraper in the world was Taiwan’s Tapei 101 building at 509 metres, but in January 2010 this was superseded by the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, an 828-metre, 160-storey tower. B The Burj, meaning ‘tower’ in Arabic, houses luxury apartments, an Armani hotel, swimming pools, offices and even a mosque on the 158th floor. It has a tapered cross-section, ending in a steel 1spire. The exterior is covered in glass, stainless steel and aluminium but despite this modern appearance, the Burj Khalifa is in fact inspired by the repeating patterns found in traditional Islamic design. C The building is not only spectacular to look at but also has a structure that is quite unique. Traditional skyscrapers are built based on a design known as a ‘framed tube’, which consists of a strong 2perimeter frame with a hollow centre. In contrast, the Burj has a Y-shaped floor plan, comprising a 3reinforced hexagonal concrete* core which contains the lifts, surrounded by three wings which house the accommodation and offices. Its bottom-heavy footprint, deep 4foundations and the fact that the strongest part of the building is concentrated at the centre, provide a stable structure which minimizes wind damage and makes the tower extremely 1 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1 The tallest building in the world is …

a in Taiwan.

resistant. Furthermore, the Y-shape allows for a large surface area, ensuring that the apartments and businesses within the Burj have a maximum number of windows and enjoy great views. D Great care has been taken to ensure that the tower is safe. In light of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in 2001, architects were concerned about making evacuation from the Burj Khalifa as secure as possible. For this reason, the fire escapes are enclosed by concrete instead of partition walls, and are virtually fire-proof. The building also contains three ‘refuge’ areas. With such a high structure, wind damage is always an issue, but the extensive wind-tunnel testing and 5facade pressure tests that were carried out should reduce that risk. E Burj Khalifa is without doubt a great architectural achievement, but some say it was irresponsible to spend over one billion euros on a luxury building in these times of global economic crisis. In fact, although most of its apartments were bought immediately, most remain empty as the owners can’t find people to rent them. In spite of the critics, architects will never be able to resist the temptation to build higher and we can be sure it’s only a matter of time before somewhere else in the world an even higher skyscraper is constructed. *concrete: a strong building material made of cement, sand and other materials 2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a the base of a building which is constructed underground

b around 600 metres tall.

  b a tall point found at the top of a building

c no longer in Taiwan.

 c edge

d no longer in Dubai.

  d the front or outer face of a building

2 The Burj Khalifa …

  e made extra strong

a looks old-fashioned but has a modern structure. b mixes modern and traditional concepts.

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as …

c is made of traditional Arabic building materials.

1 level in a building.

d is a place of worship.

2 the view of a building seen if we imagine cutting

3 The structure of the Burj Khalifa is …

through its vertical axis.

a stronger at its edges than the centre.

3 the map of a building.

b stronger at its centre than the edges.

4 relatively thin walls used for the interior of buildings.

c not as stable as a framed-tube structure. d based on a tube with a strong frame. 4 Wind …

5 technology used for testing the effect of the wind on a building.

a cannot damage the Burj Khalifa. b will definitely affect the Burj Khalifa. c damage is caused by tunnels of wind. d can be damaging to skyscrapers. Photocopiable

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ARTS

Are you sitting comfortably? Ergonomics in the classroom A Students spend most days sitting in low, rigid chairs and some designers are concerned that this is causing them back problems, as well as headaches, concentration difficulties and digestion issues. However, exciting new school furniture designs based on the principles of ergonomics could change all that. B Ergonomics is the science of designing and arranging the objects we use so that people can interact efficiently and safely with them and perform to their best ability. Examples of ergonomic design can be seen in everything from 1adjustable office chairs to water bottles with 2ridged sides for better grip. In fact, anything that makes everyday objects easier and safer to use can be termed ergonomics. When a designer wants to create a piece of ergonomic furniture, one of the first things they will look at is anthropometrics, or the measurement of human dimensions. Following this, a concept is designed, usually digitally, and a prototype is made. This prototype is subject to testing and, if it succeeds, a working model is produced which may be 3piloted in real-life situations. C Ergonomists believe that, for school chairs and desks to be comfortable, they must allow students to adopt several different but equally healthy postures and to work in a higher position, which reduces pressure under their legs. Research shows that this type of furniture actually helps students be more productive and concentrate better. Irish designer, 1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 What is the problem with traditional school furniture?

Simon Dennehy, has designed and patented a new line of school furniture based on these principles. D The Perch chair is higher than normal and the seat is covered in slots which allow for ventilation and reduce the surface pressure on the legs. It has no front legs, which gives students complete freedom of leg movement and it incorporates a footrest. The front of the chair seat has flexible wings that reduce pressure under the knees but also provide some resistance, which encourages the students to move their legs playfully, improving circulation and increasing muscle use. E The Perch desk slopes down towards the student so that they don’t slouch* forwards and incorporates an optional elbow rest. Its surface is 4rubberized to prevent books from slipping and is warm and soft to the touch and easily cleaned. It includes storage for stationery and a special bookstand for when students are copying from text books. The chairs and desks are lightweight and 5stackable so that they can be easily moved and stored to allow for standing activities and theatre in class. F Due to the cost of this type of furniture, it’s unlikely that many schools will buy the Perch system, but hopefully it will inspire them to consider the role comfort may have on academic performance. *slouch: to sit with your back and shoulders bent forwards 4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a referring to objects that can be piled on top of one another uniformly

2 How does the Perch system differ from ordinary school furniture?

  b a surface that is corrugated or has grooves   c something that can be modified for the comfort of the user



2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Well-designed school chairs stop students from moving too much.

  d tested out in the real world   e covered in a soft, flexible material

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 stiff, unbending. 2 protected by law from being copied.

2 The Perch system hasn’t been bought by many schools yet.

3 long, narrow holes. 4 part of a piece of furniture where you can put your feet.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the

5 inclines, at an angle.

meaning. 1 I’m sure it’s not healthy to sit down all day. It can’t 2 ‘How long have you been here?’ he asked us. He wanted 98

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Unit TestARTS (plus)

Breakdancing against all odds A One of the most popular dance forms today is breakdancing, known as ‘B-boying’ to those who practise it. To perform the strenuous steps, 1spins and kicks required to breakdance you need to be fit, agile and have great 2coordination, and 25-yearold Canadian breakdancer, Luca Patuelli, has all of these qualities. However, there is one thing that differentiates him from his fellow dancers; he suffers from a rare bone disorder known as arthrogryposis, which affects his legs and means he needs crutches* to walk. B Luca, who has undergone 16 operations on his legs and spine, started breakdancing when he was 15 and his knee problems forced him to give up skateboarding. Being naturally active and with great coordination and upper body strength, he found he was a natural. Instead of his crutches becoming a problem when dancing, with hard work and dedication he actually developed his own unique style and moves which incorporated them. Since then he has gone on to perform around the world and win breakdancing competitions both in Canada and abroad and has even starred in the American reality-TV show, America’s Got Talent. C Breakdancing probably originated in Brazil around 500 years ago, though it would have been quite different from the modern version. Some say it has its roots in the African slave martial art, 1 Answer the questions in your own words.

capoeira, which combines fast-tempo fighting with groundwork. The dance became recognizable in its current form in the 1970s, when youngsters in the Bronx, New York, began to copy and adapt the moves of the singer, James Brown. Street-corner DJs would take the 4rhythmic musical interludes, or breaks, in dance songs and repeat them, which provided a rhythmic base for them to improvise with. In the meantime ‘breakdancers’ would take turns to compete against each other to prove who could create the most complex and innovative dances. As time went on, the dance became far more acrobatic and incorporated 5backflips, head spins and other more complex moves. These breakdancing ‘battles’ became a way for rival gangs to compete, but without the use of violence.

3

D The future looks bright for breakdancing. It is more popular than ever and can now be seen on streets all around the world. As for Luca Patuelli, he studied marketing at university and has become an inspirational speaker, encouraging children to follow their dreams even when others say it is impossible. However, he hasn’t forgotten his love for breakdancing and has formed a dance troupe, or B-boy crew, with other physically challenged dancers. *crutches: metal or wooden sticks used to help you walk when you have leg injuries 4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.

1 Why did Luca Patuelli start breakdancing?

  a movements that involve rotating quickly



  b dance movements that are done with the body

2 What are the origins of breakdancing?

on the floor   c having a repeated beat



2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Breakdancing can be a substitute for fighting. 2 Luca Patuelli no longer breakdances.

  d movements that involve standing on your hands and turning the body over 360 degrees   e the ability to move the body in a harmonious, graceful way

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 physically challenging.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. 1 Every year, more people start breakdancing. More and 2 You should wear protective knee-pads if you

2 rapid, forceful movements of the foot. 3 to act, sing or dance in front of an audience. 4 speed. 5 a group of dancers.

breakdance. It

Photocopiable

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99

ARTS

Welcome to the Chevolution A One of the most reproduced images in the world is the famous black and white photo of Argentinian revolutionary, Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara, looking into the distance. The iconic photograph has been printed onto posters and souvenirs, silk-screened onto T-shirts and even tattooed onto arms. So what is the story behind this famous picture? B The photo of 31-year-old Che was taken by Cuban photographer, Alberto Korda, in 1960 at a memorial service for victims of an accidental explosion of ammunition in Havana Bay. As Guevara listened to Fidel Castro’s speech, Korda, who was standing about eight metres away, saw him in the crowd and 1snapped two frames before he disappeared from sight. These original photos also contained the silhouette of an unknown person and a tree, but these were later 2cropped out. Korda then 3 developed them and hung one on the wall of his studio, where it remained unknown to the world for seven years. C It was only when the photograph was acquired by wealthy left-wing Italian publisher and political activist, Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, in 1967, that it was seen more widely by the public. At this point Guevara was in danger of being captured by the Bolivian army and Feltrinelli had aquired rights to publish his personal diaries to raise awareness of his cause. Korda gave two prints of the photo to Feltrinelli and didn’t ask for money, as he saw him as a friend of the Cuban revolution. Back in 1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 How did the photo of Che Guevara become so famous?

Italy, following Che’s execution in 1967, Feltrinelli published Che’s Bolivian Diary with Korda’s photo on the cover. It sold one million copies and Che’s image became famous worldwide. D The posters we often see of Che today aren’t black and white, but are two-tone black and red prints with a gold star on Che’s beret. This image was created in 1967 by Irish artist, Jim Fitzpatrick, using Korda’s photo, and he distributed it for free to political groups around the world. Since then there have been numerous adaptations of Korda’s photo, including an Andy Warhol version which turned out to be a 4forgery. E Korda has never been paid for his photo of Guevara, or received any royalties from the sale of Feltrinelli’s book, though he said he forgave him, as sales of the book helped make people aware of the revolutionary. Korda is harder to exploit these days; in 2000 he sued* an advertising agency that had used Che’s image in an advertisement for vodka without permission. They claimed they didn’t need permission, as the image was no longer under 5 copyright but Korda won in court. Despite this, he didn’t keep the 50,000 dollars he was awarded; he donated it to the Cuban healthcare system, which is something he is sure Che himself would have done. *sued: took a company or person to court to try to get money from them to compensate for something illegal they have done to you

4 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.   a took a quick photo   b an illegal copy



  c cut an image to remove unwanted material

2 How has Alberto Korda honoured Che Guevara’s

  d treated a film with chemicals to reveal an image

memory?

  e the legal right to have control over the use of an image or piece of writing



2 Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Feltrinelli paid a lot for the photo.

5 Find words in the text that mean the same as … 1 created an image by stretching a cloth over a wooden frame and painting on it. 2 legal permission to do or use something.

2 Che’s image is now used to advertise vodka.

3 copies of a photo.

3 Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. 1 I regret not charging him for the photo.

4 having two colours. 5 the money paid to an artist, musician or writer for using their materials.

If only 2 I’m certain the camera was broken. The camera 100

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Secrets of the Mona Lisa A One of the most valuable and intriguing portraits in the world is Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, but what is the true story behind the woman in the painting and her secret smile? B The Mona Lisa, also known as ‘La Giaconda’, was painted in the 16th century in 1oil on board. One of the biggest mysteries has always been her identity, with some saying that she may have been a selfportrait of Da Vinci or even a depiction of Mary Magdalene. However, in 2005, papers were found proving that she was, in fact, Lisa del Giacondo, the wife of a wealthy Italian businessman. C The Mona Lisa is a great example of a technique invented by Da Vinci known as ‘sfumato’. Sfumato is a style that involves blending the edges of objects within a painting and doesn’t use any strong colour contrasts. This results in an image that looks almost smoky. The effect is achieved by painting using a translucent dark colour and then, while wet, painting directly into this dark surface with an 2 opaque lighter colour. Some of the dark colour will now darken the light colour and vice versa. The painter continues to layer colours in semitransparent 3glazes which create the illusion of depth. In the Mona Lisa, Da Vinci used a mixture of dull browns, greens and blues of a similar tone

1 Choose the best answer according to the text.

which helped give a sense of unity to the elements in the painting. D One of the strangest things about the Mona Lisa is that she doesn’t have eyelashes or eyebrows. It was thought that this may have been a typical fashion of the time, but in 2007, a high-definition camera was used to get a close-up of the image. This revealed a single brushstroke of a hair above the left brow, which proves that Da Vinci did originally paint eyebrows and eyelashes. The other hairs may have *faded or been accidentally removed when the painting was cleaned with 4spirit in the past. E Perhaps the most intriguing question about the Mona Lisa is why her smile fascinates so many people. Recently, experts have said this may be due to the exact position of her facial muscles which allows our mind to unconsciously extend or reduce her smile. As such, visitors to the Louvre 5 gallery project their own feelings onto the painting and think ‘La Giaconda’ is smiling more, or less, depending on their mood. F Only time will tell if the Mona Lisa has finally revealed all of her secrets. One thing is certain though, she will continue to fascinate us for generations to come. *faded: when a colour has lightened 2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.

1 The biggest question about the Mona Lisa is …

  a a place where you can see art exhibitions

a why her smile is so intriguing.

  b a type of paint that isn’t water-based



  c the opposite of transparent

b her identity. c her lack of facial hair.

  d thin layers of transparent colour

d the paint technique used.

  e a type of alcohol used for removing paint

2 Sfumato is a technique that … a was popular before Leonardo Da Vinci.

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as …

b uses only solid colours.

1 paintings of a person.

c uses striking contrasts.

2 a wooden surface used for painting.

d doesn’t have any strong edges.

3 mixing wet paint to blur the lines between different

3 The Mona Lisa …

parts of a painting.

a had eyebrows that may have been cleaned off.

4 semi-transparent.

b had eyebrows but Leonardo painted over them.

5 a line painted with a brush.

c didn’t have eyebrows as that was a trend at the time. d never had eyebrows. 4 The Mona Lisa’s smile … a actually changes depending on the angle you view it from. b is different every day. c may appear to be less obvious if you feel sad. d has changed over the years. Photocopiable

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101

ARTS

What’s the score with music in the movies? A The music in the Star Wars films is almost as famous as the storylines and characters. However, while we all know the director and actors in these movies, few of us have heard of John Williams, the composer of the Star Wars theme 1tune. B John Williams is one of a handful of respected artists who create the music for some of our favourite films. Creating the music for films is complex work and it is usually done after the film, or at least part of it, has been shot. The composer is shown the partially-finished film and talks to the director about what sort of music is needed. Most film composers prefer to write music using an electronic rather than a traditional paper 2score, as this allows them to create 3demos which they can send to the filmmaker for review prior to the final recording. In some cases, the film is then reedited to better fit the music. When the music has been composed, the orchestra performs it in front of a large screen depicting the film, often with the composer conducting and helping the musicians to synchronize the music with the film. C John Williams was born in New York in 1932 and, after studying music, he worked as an orchestrator for film studios. By the early 70s, he was working as a film-score writer, but it was in 1975 when he produced the music for Steven Spielberg’s shark 1 Choose the best answer according to the text.

film, Jaws, that his big break came along. He won an Academy Award for his work and since then the two-note 4motif has become synonymous with sharks and approaching danger. D Spielberg went on to recommend Williams to his friend, George Lucas, who needed a composer for his film, Star Wars. It was then that Williams produced his most famous piece; a symphonic score which used ‘leitmotif’; a style of music associated with Wagner’s Ring series. Leitmotif uses different themes for important characters, events or ideas in a story, which may be played in different variations depending on the situation they represent. In the case of Star Wars, Williams created special themes for characters like Darth Vader and Luke Skywalker, which added to the drama and emotion of the story. Both the film and its music were hugely successful, and Williams won another Oscar. E Williams’ success didn’t end with Star Wars; he went on to make music for numerous films, including Superman, Jurassic Park and Schindler’s List, and in 2010 he worked on music for a Tintin film with Steven Spielberg. At 78 years old, his career seems to be far from over, so the next time you go to the cinema, keep an ear out for a John Williams 5soundtrack!

2 Match words 1–5 in the text with definitions a–e.

1 The music for films …

  a the musical theme for a film

a is created before the film.

  b a written or printed piece of music

b is not seen by the director until it is finished.

  c a recurring theme or note in a piece of music

c is always created digitally nowadays.

 d samples

d may need adapting to fit the scenes of the film.

  e a melody

2 John Williams … a found major success in the early 70s.

3 Find words in the text that mean the same as …

b has won one Oscar.

1 someone who writes music.

c had his own orchestra before working in films.

2 when a music, film or piece of writing is adapted

d has always worked in the film industry.

and content is cut.

3 The Star Wars music …

3 directing an orchestra or chorus.

a was inspired by Wagner.

4 someone who arranges music for an orchestra.

b was originally written by Wagner. c is uniform throughout. d is more famous than the film.

5 describing long pieces of music that are instrumental and have a harmonic sound.

4 John Williams … a is nearing retirement. b is still making music. c will compose the music for the Tintin film in five years. d no longer collaborates with Steven Spielberg. 102

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Unit TestAnswer (plus) key

Weird weather (page 85) 1 1 d   2 b   3 b   4 c

Organ transplants from animals? (page 87)

2 a 1   b 4   c 5   d 3   e 2

1 (Possible answers)

3 1 meteorologists 2 thunderstorms 3 ozone layer 4 stratosphere 5 ions

Now you see it, now you don’t (page 86) 1 (Possible answers) 1 The cloak refracts light, instead of reflecting it, so that you don’t see the object you want to hide, but whatever is behind it. 2 It doesn’t leave a shadow so it might be clear that we are trying to hide something. It can’t be used to create clothes or other flexible objects and it only works when it is kept still.

2 1 False. ‘Objects are visible to us because they reflect light …’ 2 False. ‘Materials found in nature have a positive refractive index …’ 3 False. ‘… light that human eyes can’t see, such as microwaves, which have longer wavelengths.’

3 1 The researcher admitted he/she had made a mistake. 2 Neither scientist/of the scientists was surprised when the invention failed.

4 a 2   b 1   c 4   d 3   e 5 5 1 cutting-edge 2 microwave 3 circuit 4 nanoparticles 5 shadow

Photocopiable

1 There are not enough organs available and even if a donor is found, the organ may be rejected. 2 Breeding animals for transplants could be considered unethical by animal-rights groups. There might also be a problem with clotting and transmission of animal viruses. Lastly, organs may not last long enough, as animals age quicker than humans.

2 1 False. ‘Rejection usually begins to occur within a week of transplantation.’ 2 False. ‘These “master cells” have the potential to turn into all types of body tissue, including organs.’

3 1 The experiments (that/which) we have been doing with stem cells have been successful. 2 Provided we can solve the problem with rejection, xenotransplantation should be possible.

4 a 5   b 2   c 1   d 4   e 3 5 1 transplant 2 donor 3 necrosis 4 immunosuppressants 5 clone

Synthetic diamonds (page 88) 1 1 c   2 a   3 c 2 a 5   b 1   c 3   d 2   e 4 3 1 synthetic 2 covalent bonds 3 graphite 4 vapour 5 crystalline

Life on Venus (page 89) 1 (Possible answers) 1 It is thought that Venus may have had continents and a plate tectonics system and that these continents might have been surrounded by seas. The possibility that there was once water on Venus also means there is a small chance there were once simple life forms on Venus. 2 Geologists think that granite is produced when oceanic crust is subducted under continental crust, where it melts due to heat and pressure and mixes with water and debris. It then cools and recrystallizes as granite.

2 1 False. ‘Until recently we have never been able to get a close view of Venus …’ 2 True. ‘… scientists think it is worth searching for microbial life which may still be living in Venus’s lower atmosphere.’

3 1 He wishes he had studied for the geology exam. 2 Even though I asked Mark to help me, he wouldn’t.

4 a 2   b 3   c 4   d 1   e 5 5 1 orbit 2 crust 3 granite 4 subducted 5 plateau

Black holes (page 90) 1 1 a   2 b   3 d 2 a 3   b 2   c 4   d 5   e 1 3 1 black hole 2 particle accelerator 3 subatomic 4 Big Bang 5 gravity

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103

Answer key

Tank Man – the anonymous hero (page 91)

The end of cities? (page 93) 1 1 c   2 d   3 c

The teachings of Socrates (page 96)

1 1 b   2 b   3 d   4 a

2 a 1   b 3   c 4   d 5   e 2

1 (Possible answers)

2 a 3   b 4   c 5   d 2   e 1

3 1 industrialized

3 1 army 2 communist 3 demonstrators 4 statement 5 executed

Who was Shakespeare? That is the question. (page 92) 1 (Possible answers) 1 We only know where and when he was born, his family background and that he had a wife and three children. We also know he was an actor and probably a playwright and owned shares in several theatres. He died in 1616. 2 He studied at university and was also well-travelled which means he had the knowledge to write about the exotic places where some of Shakespeare’s plays are set. He was also part of high society and could have based some of the plots of the plays on his family troubles.

2 1 False. ‘there are few parallels between Shakespeare’s life and the fictional characters in the plays.’ 2 True. ‘he was not publicly mourned …’

3 1 If I hadn’t been (so) tired I would have come to the play. / I would have come to the play if I hadn’t been (so) tired. 2 Hannah would rather go to the theatre than the cinema.

4 a 3   b 1   c 4   d 2   e 5 5 1 playwright 2 theatres 3 mythology 4 fictional 5 sonnets

104

2 demographers 3 tower blocks 4 outskirts 5 heavy industry

The Michelangelo code – the Sistine Chapel (page 94) 1 (Possible answers) 1 The Sistine Chapel frescoes show nine images from the Bible. The most famous scene is the one where God gives Adam life. 2 The brain in the scene of the Creation of Adam section may mean that Michelangelo thought the brain was more important than God. It could also show that he thought the best way to make contact with God was using our brains. There might also be hidden Jewish symbols in the frescoes, which could mean that he had an interest in Judaism.

2 1 True. ‘washes of paint were applied to damp plaster …’ 2 False. ‘he considered himself a sculptor, not a painter.’

3 1 He said that Michelangelo couldn’t have been Jewish. 2 He regretted having agreed to do the painting.

1 The Socratic method of questioning forces people to use their logic to come up with their own answers. 2 He was considered a heretic and was convicted for corrupting the young and being an atheist.

2 1 True. ‘instead of spending his time indoors studying, he spent his days wandering around Athens, questioning and arguing with citizens about their opinions on life.’ 2 False. ‘he believed people were all basically virtuous, and that they did bad things due to an ignorance of what was good rather than evil intentions.’

3 1 He advised people to try to be as virtuous as possible. / He told people they should try to be as virtuous as possible. 2 I am not used to / accustomed to having to do so much work.

4 a 4   b 1   c 3   d 2   e 5 5 1 logic 2 citizens 3 piety 4 moral 5 aristocracy

4 a 2   b 5   c 1   d 4   e 3 5 1 frescoes 2 washes 3 scenes 4 art historians 5 sculptor

Unfair trade? (page 95) 1 1 d   2 d   3 c 2 a 3   b 1   c 2   d 4   e 5 3 1 consumers 2 retailers 3 premium 4 volatility 5 contracts

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Unit TestAnswer (plus) key

Reaching for the stars (page 97)

Breakdancing against all odds (page 99)

1 1 c   2 b   3 b   4 d

1 (Possible answers)

2 a 4   b 1   c 2   d 5   e 3 3 1 storey 2 3 4 5

cross section floor plan partition walls wind tunnel

Are you sitting comfortably? Ergonomics in the classroom (page 98) 1 (Possible answers) 1 It tends to be very rigid and low. 2 The Perch system has seats which are higher than normal school chairs and desks which are at an angle. The design of the chair keeps students cooler, lets them move their legs more frequently and reduces the pressure on their legs. It has many extra features, such as a footrest, which allow students to sit in different positions throughout the day.

2 1 False. ‘Ergonomists believe that, for school chairs and desks to be comfortable, they must allow students to adopt several different but equally healthy postures …’ 2 True. ‘Due to the cost of this type of furniture, it’s unlikely that many schools will buy the Perch system …’

3 1 It can’t be healthy to sit down all day. 2 He wanted to know how long we’d been there.

4 a 5   b 2   c 1   d 3   e 4 5 1 rigid 2 patented 3 slots 4 footrest 5 slopes

Photocopiable

1 Luca started breakdancing when he could no longer skateboard because of his health problems. He found that, despite his disability, he was very good at breakdancing because he was well-coordinated and strong. 2 It is thought that breakdancing is an adaptation of the ancient Brazilian martial art, capoeira. In more recent years, it came to the United States, where it was adopted and modified by young people in poor neighbourhoods.

2 1 True. ‘These breakdancing “battles” became a way for rival gangs to compete, but without the use of violence.’ 2 False. ‘However, he hasn’t forgotten his love for breakdancing and has formed a dance troupe …’

3 1 More and more people start breakdancing every year. 2 It is advised that you wear protective knee-pads if you breakdance.

4 a 1   b 3   c 4   d 5   e 2 5 1 strenuous 2 kicks 3 perform 4 tempo 5 troupe

Welcome to the Chevolution (page 100) 1 (Possible answers)

2 1 False. ‘Korda gave two prints of the photo to Feltrinelli and didn’t ask for money …’ 2 False. ‘… in 2000 he sued an advertising agency that had used Che’s image in an advertisement for vodka …’

3 1 If only I had charged him for the photo. 2 The camera must have been broken.

4 a 1   b 4   c 2   d 3   e 5 5 1 silk-screened 2 rights 3 prints 4 two-tone 5 royalties

Secrets of the Mona Lisa (page 101) 1 1 a   2 d   3 a   4 c 2 a 5   b 1   c 2   d 3   e 4 3 1 portraits 2 board 3 blending 4 translucent 5 brushstroke

What’s the score with music in the movies? (page 102) 1 1 d   2 d   3 a   4 b 2 a 5   b 2   c 4   d 3   e 1 3 1 composer 2 re-edited 3 conducting 4 orchestrator 5 symphonic

1 The photo became famous when the image was used on the cover of Che Guevara’s diary, which was published in 1967. 2 Alberto Korda has honoured Che Guevara’s philosophy and politics by not charging for use of the photo and by donating the money he won when he sued the advertisers to the Cuban healthcare system, instead of keeping it for himself.

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105

106

1

Unit test (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (not fill) in the application

1 William

of the verbs in the box. Use the past perfect continuous if possible. bake  ​paint  ​ sit  ​clear  ​ stand

form yet. (see) a

2 Last Tuesday, Fiona and Ben great film at the cinema.

(not know) Emma for very long but

3 I

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form

we’re great friends now. you

4 What

(watch) on TV

yesterday evening? 5 How long

she

(own)

that car? I can’t believe she still has it. 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

2 Circle the correct alternatives.

the living

room all that morning. outside for ages.

2 I was cold because I

away all the plates before going

3 Harry

out. The kitchen was completely tidy. three cakes for

4 Joe was tired after he his sister’s party.

there when Kate and Don

5 How long

finally arrived? You must have been freezing! Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

1 We’ve heard this song for a long time/many times. 2 Have you called Tim yet/just? 3 John’s been online about three hours ago/for about three hours. 4 Amanda has already/ever finished her homework. 5 Graham has been driving all morning/yesterday morning. 2 marks for each correct answer

1 He was covered in paint. He

Score  ​  ​/10

3 Write sentences using the prompts. Use the present perfect continuous if possible. 1 Emily / not open / her Christmas presents / yet.

5 Write a word for each definition. 1 large, serious newspapers (noun) 2 person who interviews celebrities on a TV entertainment programme (compound noun) 3 look at websites on the internet (verb) 4 a historical period when a country was successful and powerful (compound noun) 5 having a one-sided view (adjective) Score  ​  ​ /15

3 marks for each correct answer

6 Circle the odd one out.

2 I / just / lose / my wallet.

1 podcast

broadsheet

tabloid



2 scandal

analysis

sensationalism

3 How long / you / wait here?

3 documentary

chat show

channel hop



4 news flash

news bulletin

newsreader

4 Susan / watch DVDs / all afternoon.

5 editor

headline

presenter



2 marks for each correct answer

5 I / have / this watch / since 2008.

7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

6 Miriam / already / wash / all the dishes.

the verbs in brackets. (buy) some milk,

1 Will you remember

7 Dan / redecorate his bedroom / since lunchtime.

please? 2 I forgot

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

Score  ​  ​/35

(take out) the rubbish last

night. 3 He stopped

(talk) and looked at me.

4 I remember

(meet) Andy for the first

time. 5 We didn’t stop

(have) lunch until we

had finished the project. 2 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

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Score  ​  ​ /10 107

1

unit test (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The rise of the tabloid A Did you know that the word ‘tabloid’ was first used in 1901 to describe a newspaper that had been reduced to half the size of a normal ‘broadsheet’? Inevitably, news stories were shorter in a tabloid, and before long, their content began to include blatantly sensationalist human-interest stories. We have been using the term ‘tabloid’ ever since to refer to sensationalist journalism. Ironically, in Britain, quality broadsheet newspapers such as The Times have all reduced in size over the years so that now they are no longer any larger than ‘popular’ papers like The Sun. B For years, many people have been criticizing tabloids for not being objective when telling a story, for reducing important social or political stories to a simple and colourful headline, leaving their readers ill-informed or misled, and for intruding into the private lives of celebrities and ordinary people in a way that is cruel and exploitative. Tabloid 1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?



journalism has been blamed for running negative stories on subjects such as immigration and crime which have encouraged narrow-minded opinions. And people have pointed to the death of Princess Diana (who died in a car crash while being chased by tabloid journalists) as an example of how media intrusion can destroy people’s lives.

C On the other hand, over the last century the popular press has only been serving us stories that we want to read. It’s true that most people want to read exciting stories about sex, crime and disaster, not indepth articles about the true state of the economy. Tabloids merely reflect our tastes and interests. So, perhaps it is hypocritical to criticize their content while enjoying reading their stories. Not only that, but tabloids claim to speak for ordinary people, they make sure that leaders stay honest and accountable, and they influence politics by letting politicians know which issues are important to their readers. 3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

Quote words from the text to support your answers.

1 made smaller. 2 clearly and obviously.

1 The first tabloids were the same size as normal

3 given poor or wrong information.

newspapers.

4 invading someone’s privacy or property.

2 These days, broadsheets are often the same size

5 giving.

as tabloids.

2 marks for each correct answer

3 One criticism of tabloids is that their reporting is

4 Answer the questions in your own words.

biased.

1 In what ways were tabloids different to broadsheets



in the early twentieth century?

4 Tabloids avoid in-depth articles on economics



because their readers don’t like them.

2 What are the negative ways in which tabloid



journalism can affect its readers?

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /16

people?

1 The sort of stories found in a tabloid are

.

2 Tabloids mislead readers by

.

3 The main reason why tabloids publish the stories .

4 marks for each correct answer

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/12

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What sort of news stories do you read and why?

they do is because

3 In what ways are tabloids the eyes and voice of the

2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

108

Score  ​  ​/10

Score  ​  ​/12

2 ‘Tabloid journalism is a good thing to have in a modern democracy.’ Discuss. 50 marks

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Score  ​  ​/50 Photocopiable

2

Unit test (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

4 Complete the sentences with the appropriate

the verbs in the box.

modal verbs.

have to (x3)  ​should  ​ought to

1 You

drink and drive in Spain. have

2 Sue isn’t at the station so she 1 Rachel

worry about things so much.

left on an earlier train.

It isn’t good for her. send Amy a card on her birthday.

2 We

have plenty of money to pay for them ourselves.

I know it isn’t necessary but she’ll like it.

feel ill.

eat meat if he doesn’t want to.

4 David

5 I

do his homework or he’ll be in

5 Tom

give a statement before the police

convicted him.

trouble with the teacher. 2 marks for each correct answer

go home if you

4 My advice is that you

wear a tie every day. It’s a rule.

3 I

have paid for the tickets. We

3 John

3 marks for each correct answer Score  ​  ​/10

2 Rewrite the sentences using the words in the box.

Score  ​  ​ /15

5 Write a word for each definition. 1 someone the police think may have committed a

should  ​must  ​mustn’t  ​might  ​needn’t

crime (noun) 2 a group of 12 people who decide whether someone

1 It isn’t necessary to wear a shirt.

is guilty at a trial (noun)

We

.

2 Students aren’t permitted to use phones in class.

4 a person accused of a crime at a trial in court .

They

3 a minor crime (noun)

3 It’s possible that Jill will come to Joe’s party.

(noun) 5 a person who sees a crime take place (noun)

.

Jill 4 I advise you to get a part-time job.

.

You

.

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/20

1 He’s so

-headed. He always stays

calm in a crisis! -minded. She knows what

2 She is very

3 Read the sentences and write appropriate

she wants and works hard to achieve her aim.

responses using the prompts in brackets.

3 Tom is

1 William won the race. (must / run really fast) He

-spirited. He works hard to

help people in his local community. .

4 It was a 5 Jane is

her) .

3 Penelope broke her arm yesterday. (may / fall down the stairs) .

She

-hitting report. It criticized a

lot of people for their poor performance.

2 Tom regrets shouting at Sue. (shouldn’t / shout at He

Score  ​  ​ /10

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

5 Ryan is obliged to take his medicine twice a day. Ryan

2 marks for each correct answer

4 Rebecca is the best student in the class. (can’t / do

-hearted. She has no feelings

for people who have problems. 3 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

7 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. of (x2)  ​for  ​ about  ​to

badly in the exam) .

She

2 Philip is angry

5 Emily and Tim aren’t at home now. (might / go to

3 Joe is addicted

the cinema) .

They 4 marks for each correct answer

1 I’m not aware

Score  ​  ​/20

any reason why we can’t. missing the train. chocolate! young children.

4 This café isn’t suitable 5 Tim is jealous

Jo because she’s fast.

2 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

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2

unit test (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

Combating crime against young people A Although it may not always make headline news, rising crime rates against young children and teenagers is an area of considerable concern in much of the country. That’s why local authorities have started implementing safety initiatives to make young people more aware of the need for personal safety and better able to defend themselves if they are assaulted or mugged. Many in the media say the authorities should have acted much earlier. B Police sources have pointed out that young people need to recognize that they are vulnerable in a way that wasn’t the case for their parents’ generation. They have expensive pieces of technology such as mobile phones and MP3 players in their possession, so they are easy targets for thieves and muggers. That’s why, as part of the safety initiative, police officers have started visiting schools to advise young

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 The press has recently been highlighting the rise in crime against teenagers on their front pages. 2 The police are targeting muggers inside schools. 3 It’s a bad idea to phone people while walking along

people on simple procedures that may make them safer out on the streets. They shouldn’t carry any expensive items unless absolutely necessary, and they ought to avoid making calls in the street or in public places where it might be easy for a mugger to snatch a phone. Keeping phones and music players safely in a bag while on the move may seem obvious, but it’s something many people fail to do. C Other initiatives are more controversial. Children as young as seven are to be taught self-defence in schools to help them to cope with muggings. As the 10–15 age group is most at risk, it may be premature to target such young children, and a majority of parent groups have expressed concern at this. However, in my opinion at least, it seems sensible to learn self-defence early. Being able to defend yourself can’t be a bad thing.

3 Read the text and choose the best response. 1 According to the media, local authorities should have … done something about the problem sooner. a b noticed that crimes against teenagers were headline news. c defended themselves against criticism. d considered different safety measures. 2 Young people today are more likely to be mugged

the street.

than young people in the past because they …

4 Seven-year-olds are being taught self-defence

a don’t look after their belongings properly.

because they are the most likely target for

b are less aware of crime in the street.

muggers.

c have more things that are worth stealing. d live in a society where there is more crime.

5 The writer agrees with most parent groups on the issue of teaching self-defence to young kids.

3 Not using your phone while in the streets is … a something most young people do. b an impractical thing to do.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /25

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 1 putting into operation.

d a policy that’s obviously failed. 5 marks for each correct answer topics. Write between 120–150 words.

3 grab and steal.

1 Write about ways that young people can keep

4 manage or deal with.

themselves safe from crime.

5 too early. Score  ​  ​ /10

2 ‘The media create a fear of crime by constantly reporting it.’ Discuss. 50 marks

110

Score  ​  ​/15

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following

2 easy and weak targets for attack.

2 marks for each correct answer

c a good way of avoiding a mugging.

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Score  ​  ​/50 Photocopiable

3

Unit test (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct passive

4 Rewrite the sentences using have/get something

form of the verbs in brackets.

done, beginning as shown. (find)

1 In my opinion, a cure for cancer one day soon.

.

Robert (carry

2 At the moment, the operation

2 Somebody has already fixed William’s bike.

out) by two top surgeons.

3 Some people have painted Amy’s bathroom.

4 When I switched on the TV, a funny movie

4 A doctor is going to check Jo’s eye tomorrow.

(must /

5 Will somebody wash Brian’s car later?

6 We were able to walk round the plane after the 3 marks for each correct answer

.

Jo

present) already. ‘fasten seatbelts’ sign

.

Amy

(show). I decided to start watching it. 5 Most of the music awards

.

William

(do) yet.

3 Nothing

1 Somebody cut Robert’s hair yesterday.

.

Will

(switch) off.

Score  ​  ​ /20

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/18

2 Rewrite the sentences in the correct passive form, beginning as shown. Omit the agent. 1 Scientists have discovered the gene that controls

5 Write a word for each definition. 1 say what the disease is (if you’re a doctor) (verb) 2 carry out a surgical procedure on a patient (verb)

hair growth. .

A new gene 2 The band released their exciting new greatest hits

(verb)

album last weekend.

4 the system in your body that prevents you from .

Their new album 3 Wendy is teaching music to the younger students. 4 He could have broken his neck on that trampoline. 5 Someone is going to recycle all the newspapers.

.

The newspapers

Score  ​  ​/20

cold  ​effects  ​dizzy  ​round  ​after 1 I hit my head and now I feel

. .

2 This medicine has some side

3 Rewrite the sentences in two different ways,

3 A few hours after the operation, Liam came

beginning as shown.

and opened his eyes.

1 Today’s newspaper says that global warming is

me very well.

4 The nurses looked

getting worse. a It

.

b Global warming

.

2 Some say that doctors have improved their

so he went to bed.

5 Jack had a

Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

7 Complete the words with -ful, -less or -able.

operating skills in recent years. a It

.

b Operating skills

.

3 People say that a great flu epidemic is predicted. a It

.

b A great flu epidemic

.

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /10

2 marks for each correct answer

6 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

.

His neck

getting disease (noun) 5 a very high temperature (noun)

.

Music

4 marks for each correct answer

3 take an organ from one person and put it in another

Score  ​  ​/12

.

1 Some diseases are incur

operation. It hurt a lot.

2 It was a very pain

surgeon. I hate the sight of

3 I’d be a hope blood.

4 If you’re learning to do something new, mistakes are unavoid

.

5 Take this pill. It’s harm

, so it won’t hurt you.

2 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

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3

unit test (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

A vaccine for aids A One of the greatest challenges in modern medical science is to find a cure for AIDS, one of the world’s most deadly diseases. Researchers in California believe that cure may have been found. They have recently had their research published in a leading scientific journal, and, although the potential breakthrough is being treated with caution at the moment, it’s causing a lot of excitement across the medical research community.

C Naturally, the discovery of these antibodies and the development of a vaccine are only a first step. However, most scientists are confident that it is now only a matter of time and careful testing before we start to see people developing an immunity to the virus. The next step is to find out whether people in the general population who have been given the vaccine can produce these protective antibodies themselves.

B For a number of years, it has been well known that a small percentage of people are immune to the HIV virus that leads to AIDS, and this has raised the likelihood that their antibodies must hold the key to developing a vaccine. The problem was that no one knew how they managed to stay immune. However, the Californian researchers have finally solved this problem. Two antibodies have been isolated, and it has been proved that these antibodies can be used to stop a high percentage of the HIV virus’s many different forms.

D Unlike previous attempts at vaccines, the new vaccine can be used to target all types of the HIV virus, not just one of its many different forms. This is because the newly-discovered antibodies target a completely new region of the HIV virus – a region that is known to infect our cells and to be similar in most variants of the virus. The HIV virus has defeated science for so long because it has so many forms that it’s difficult to attack all of them. At last, this problem may have been solved.

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Californian researchers are certain they have found

3 Complete the sentences in your own words. 1 Finding a cure for AIDS has been

.

2 The breakthrough the Californian researchers made

the cure for AIDs.

was to

2 For quite a while, scientists have understood why



.

some people are immune to the HIV virus. 3 Having discovered the antibodies, researchers now



need to

3 Although antibodies have been isolated, the

vaccine hasn’t been developed yet.

4 The reason why it’s been hard to cure the HIV virus



is because

4 The newly-discovered antibodies act on a different part of the HIV virus to those previously tried out.



.

5 marks for each correct answer

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /20

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

your symptoms and how did you treat the illness?

2 having resistance to a virus.

2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of

3 discovered and separated.

using animals in medical research?

4 cause illness in.

50 marks

5 different forms. 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/20

1 When was the last time you were ill? What were

1 carefully.

112

.

Score  ​  ​/50

Score  ​  ​/10

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Photocopiable

4

Unit test (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

the verbs in brackets.

didn’t (x2)  ​ wouldn’t  ​had (x2) (not work) such long hours if

1 Penny

she didn’t need the money.

1 I feel very tired. you

2 How much money

I wish I

(give) to charity if you won the lottery?

2 Elliot lives so far away.

(ruin) that dress if you spill coffee

3 You

on it, so be careful.

4 We don’t have any tickets.

she

6 If Sandy lost her job, where

some.

I wish we

(find) another one? 3 marks for each correct answer

taken it.

If only he

(not go) out if it’s raining later.

5 Katy

live so far away.

If only he

3 Kevin didn’t take his medicine this morning.

(be) you, I’d buy a new bike.

4 If I

feel so tired.

5 Tina uses my hair brush all the time! Score  ​  ​/18

use it!

I wish she

2 marks for each correct answer

2 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. 1 I didn’t read the book so I didn’t know what the film was about.

Score  ​  ​/10

5 Write a word for each definition. 1 buy (verb)

.

If I had read the book,

2 money a company makes and spends (noun)

2 Jo woke up late so she didn’t have time for breakfast.

3 return (phrasal verb) .

4 when something makes money (adjective)

.

5 shops (noun)

If Jo had woken early, 3 Tom didn’t study very hard so he failed the exam. If Tom had studied more, 4 Daniel didn’t have any money because he lost his

2 marks for each correct answer

wallet. .

Daniel would have had some money

5 The children were hungry because they didn’t have anything to eat.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box. borrow  ​ spend  ​save  ​give  ​ use

The children wouldn’t have been so hungry

.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/25

3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1 David didn’t want his camera anymore so he it away to one of his friends. 2 I’m

4 I’ve

you

agreed to take me to a trendy night club. we follow this path, we’ll get back to the hostel. It’s definitely the right way.

Simon finds the courage to ask Fiona out, she will still say no.

Score  ​  ​ /15

7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

2 I think

you shout at her.

Photocopiable

3 marks for each correct answer

(prefer)?

1 What’s your

4 Amy is lazy. She doesn’t do any work

2 marks for each correct answer

this book from the library. over 200 euros.

you had signed the form correctly.

5

up all the paper. It’s gone.

5 The festival was great but expensive. We

1 The bank would have returned the money 2 I am really tired. I wouldn’t go out

all my money for my holidays. I

have 200 euros but I need 500. 3 Jo

unless  ​even if (x2)  ​ as long as  ​provided that

3

Score  ​  ​ /10

(consumer) is a good thing.

3 The

(popular) of this car is surprising.

4 The

(attract) of working shorter hours

is clear to everybody. Score  ​  ​/10

3 marks for each correct answer

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Score  ​  ​/12 113

4

unit test (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The future lies with online shopping A Although the recent economic downturn has had a negative effect on high-street stores all over the country, online shopping has become more popular. The reason for this is that consumers are now looking for lower prices and these can usually be found on the internet. It’s true to say that if the spending power of ordinary consumers hadn’t been so seriously undermined by the weak economy, it’s unlikely that shoppers would have become so interested in shopping online. However, they are, and it’s a trend that is unlikely to change. B If you ask experts in the retail industry, they all say the same thing, and that is that online shopping will continue to increase its market share. One reason for this is that shoppers are more interested in finding bargains, but another reason is that major retailers no longer want to spend millions on building new stores when it is so much more cost effective to advertise and sell their products online.

C Consequently, more and more of their profits are being used to develop the technology required to run and advertise online shopping sites. If they continue to do this, not only will online shopping be easier, faster and cheaper but, once the economy improves, it will start to look more attractive and exciting than shopping in the high street. Many experts predict an intense period of rivalry between retailers as high-street giants like the American company Wal-Mart try to take online market share away from successful, established players in the internet market such as Amazon. D There is one other factor that will no doubt affect the rise of online shopping, and that is the emergence of a generation of grown-ups who are comfortable with and knowledgeable about using the internet to shop. Today’s teenagers are used to doing everything online, and as they grow up, start families, and start earning, they’ll be keener than their parents to shop online.

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

Quote words from the text to support your answers.

1 made worse. 2 good value prices.

1 The online retail sector has suffered from the

3 very strong.

recession like all other areas of retail.

4 fight between competitors.



5 more enthusiastic.

2 Customers find that prices tend not to be so high

1 mark for each correct answer

online.

Score  ​  ​/5

4 Answer the questions in your own words.

3 Experts are divided as to whether online shopping

1 Why are customers shopping online more?

will continue to grow or not.





2 Why will shopping online be more attractive than

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /15

2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

3 In what way might the online stores we are familiar

1 Customers are more interested in online bargains

with change?

because

.

2 In the future, the number of new shops

.

3 Today’s teenagers will be more likely to shop online in the future because

.

5 marks for each correct answer

high-street shopping in the future?

Score  ​  ​/15

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of shopping online? 2 How do you shop? What do you buy online and what do you buy in the high street? Why? 50 marks

114

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Score  ​  ​/50 Photocopiable

5

Unit test (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Rewrite the sentences in direct speech.

4 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using the prompts in brackets.

1 Sarah said she wouldn’t go to my party. ,’ said Sarah.

‘



2 John said that I had to wear a suit. ,’ said John.

‘

,’ asked Danny.

3 Do your homework! (My dad / tell / my sister)

4 Sally asked me if I was going to play football later that afternoon.

Score  ​  ​/9

3 marks for each correct answer ,’ asked Sally.

‘

5 Frank told me not to lean on the glass. ,’ said Frank.

‘

Score  ​  ​/15

3 marks for each correct answer

2 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. .

2 ‘Where did she leave the car?’ asked Grant. .

Grant asked 3 ‘I’m going to work harder,’ he told us.

.

He told us 4 ‘I can’t swim very well,’ said Felicity.

.

Felicity said 5 ‘Does Sophie know your parents?’ asked Phil.

.

Phil asked

Score  ​  ​/15

3 Complete the sentences with the correct words. had been

the

.

2 ‘I hope you will enjoy the party tomorrow.’ hoped

Anna said

would day.

enjoy the party the had lost

3 ‘Wear a helmet,’ said Ivan to the tourists. (warn) 4 ‘I don’t have any money,’ said Philippa. (admit) 5 ‘I’ll buy you a ticket,’ said Tom. (agree) Score  ​  ​ /15

3 marks for each correct answer

6 Write a word for each definition. 1 pay money to borrow something (verb) 2 start out on a journey (verb) 3 travel by getting lifts from drivers (verb)

had left the car

Grant asked where morning.

(noun) Score  ​  ​ /18

multi  ​re  ​inter  ​ extra  ​over  ​under 1 Eve is

5 ‘How will your parents get here?’ would get

. 2 marks for each correct answer

6 a written narrative that tells the story of a journey

box.

4 Where did you leave the car this morning?

Mark asked how

5 money you pay to travel on a plane (noun)

7 Complete the sentences with the prefixes in the

day.

watch the



3 marks for each correct answer

3 ‘I lost my watch yesterday.’ Dan said

1 ‘I’m sorry I lost your dog,’ said Jo. (apologize for)

4 something you dry with after washing (noun)

1 ‘I was here last night.’ Paul said

verbs in brackets.



Donna asked us

3 marks for each correct answer

5 Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of the

2 ‘You ought to go on a diet,’ Janice told me. (advise)

1 ‘Have you been waiting long?’ Donna asked us.

night

2 Why don’t we order a takeaway. (Colin / suggest)

3 Danny asked us where we had found the wallet. ‘

1 Bring your bag. (Ian / ask / Emma)

lingual. She speaks five languages.

3 We

estimated how far it was. It took ages.

4 I love this place. We should Score  ​  ​/10

slept.

2 My alarm clock didn’t go off so I

-visit it one day.

5 I don’t believe in

-terrestrial life forms.

6 This airport is for

continental flights.

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Score  ​  ​/18 115

5

unit test (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

How to travel on a shoestring A International travel may seem like an impossible dream to a poor student with little or nothing in the bank account, but actually you can go places on surprisingly little, especially if you have a bit of imagination and don’t mind staying in places that aren’t all that cosy. B Planning the trip is both vital and fun, and with loads of guidebooks available and hundreds of webpages of advice out there, there really is no excuse for not being well prepared. If money is a concern, the first thing to realize is that the biggest expense of any long-distance trip is going to be the airfare. One friend asked me if she should go to Mexico or Guatemala for her holidays. My answer was simple – they’re both great, so choose the one with the cheaper flight, and that’s Mexico. You can fly direct to Mexico City from Europe, and there are lots of flights, but Guatemala, which is actually cheaper to stay in once you get there, generally requires a transfer in the States. The point is, choose somewhere that’s inexpensive to get to. Not only that, but choose somewhere that’s cheap to travel

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 It costs too much for poor students to travel the world.

C As a young student, you should also consider taking advantage of discount cards that give you cheaper bus and train tickets, and staying in inexpensive accommodation aimed at young people like youth hostels. Be alert for tourist traps, which are often expensive. Try to get to places off the beaten track, where the experience is more authentic and the prices are lower. Travel to famous monuments by public transport rather than on tours, and eat local food rather than heading for the nearest McDonald’s. D One final tip … My girlfriend asked me what she should get me as a souvenir the last time she went on holiday. My advice to her and to you is simple. Don’t lighten your wallet and weigh down your backpack with pointless ornaments. Instead, send postcards and write a blog so friends and family can follow your adventure.

3 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 When planning a trip it is not important to … a have money in your bank account. b be prepared to stay in basic accommodation. c have some imagination.

2 Preparing for a trip needn’t involve reading guidebooks and webpages.

d take time to plan where to go. 2 The writer advises not visiting the USA because … a it’s hard to get a visa.

3 Mexico is cheaper to get to than Guatemala. 4 Fast food often costs more than food in local

b it’s expensive to travel in. c it isn’t easy to plan a trip there. d flights cost a lot to get there. 3 Young travellers can involve friends and family by …

restaurants.

a encouraging them to help in the planning.

5 Buy souvenirs that don’t weigh too much.

b buying them really nice souvenirs. c keeping a blog describing the journey. d asking them to send postcards.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /25

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

1 warm and comfortable. 2 lots.

1 Imagine you’re going on a trip abroad. Where would

3 cost.

you go and how would you plan the trip?

4 a place that few people go to.

2 ‘All young people should take time out to travel

5 a piece of advice. 2 marks for each correct answer 116

and stay in, too. So, you may have always wanted to go to the USA, but remember that hotels and transport cost a lot compared to countries in Central and South America or South-East Asia.

before going to university.’ Discuss. Score  ​  ​ /10

50 marks

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Score  ​  ​/50 Photocopiable

6

Unit test (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 1 Simon is a student

studies the same my

2 We visited the old farmhouse

cost over a bike was stolen

4 Peter Grove is the manager I used to work for.

yesterday? everybody

5 Kelly is someone I have a low opinion of.

started cheering. 3 marks for each correct answer

3 That’s the book I was telling you about.

thousand euros.

5 That was the moment

2 Who were you talking to?

uncle was born.

4 Do you know the girl

1 Art is a subject he knows a lot about.

subjects as I do.

3 Terence bought a bracelet

4 Rewrite the sentences to make them formal.

Score  ​  ​/15

2 Join the sentences with relative pronouns. 1 Grant lives in a house in the country. It doesn’t have

Score  ​  ​ /25

5 marks for each correct answer

5 Write a word for each definition. 1 friendly and extrovert (compound adjective)

any running water. 2 not telling the truth (noun)

2 I’ll always remember the summer’s day. I first met

3 an individual characteristic (noun) 4 a series of jobs in your life (noun)

Marta then.

5 a lack of interest in anything (noun)

3 Joanne works in a dental surgery. They carry out a

2 marks for each correct answer

lot of new techniques there.

Score  ​  ​ /10

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

4 I know a baker. His bread tastes absolutely fantastic.

1 Joy shows a lot of

. She’s good at

making decisions and doing things on her own. . He is honest,

2 Paul has a lot of



reliable and can be trusted to do things right.

5 Dan is an interpreter. He works for the United Nations in New York.

3 Nobody wanted to volunteer. They all showed a to take on the job.

certain



. It’s important to tell the

4 I don’t like

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/20

3 Read the sentences and decide if the relative clauses are defining (D) or non-defining (ND). Write commas where necessary. 1 Gary is a good-looking boy I met while I was on holiday. 2 My grandmother is only 50 years old which is still quite young really. 3 I had never met anyone who talked so much before. 4 We travelled on a steam train which was fun. 5 Roberta wore a lovely cotton dress which her mother had made. 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

truth. of character by

5 Dan showed real

standing up to the bullies even though they were bigger than him. Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

7 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. earn  ​ go with the flow  ​ save up  ​ put up  ​deal with 1 I’ll

this customer.

2 Relax and

. You can’t change things. with Jack’s

3 I don’t see why I should rude and critical remarks. 4 I’m trying to

to buy a new bike.

5 How much do you

each month in

your job? 2 marks for each correct answer

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6

unit test (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The teenage entrepreneur A Seventeen-year-old Mark Bright is a typical teenager who enjoys computer games and surfing the net. But there’s a lot more to Mark than that. He is, in fact, a successful businessman who is currently running an international company which employs six people and has a monthly turnover of 60,000 euros. B Mark has been a bit of a whizz at business ever since he and a friend made a profit from buying and selling sweets to other pupils when they were at school. ‘We used to buy sweets from the local shop, then sell them at a slightly higher price in the playground,’ says Mark. ‘We were only 12 at the time. Our pockets would be full of coins by the end of lunchtime.’ That led the boys to consider other entrepreneurial schemes, including inventing their own type of sweets and starting their own bicycle repair service. However, nothing came of any of these ideas until Mark and his friend developed the computer skills needed to start their own website, which offered advice to school kids on subjects such as how to make friends or what to do about bullying.

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Mark’s first business enterprise, at the age of 12, wasn’t very successful.

C After his friend and business partner moved to Australia with his family, Mark decided to go it alone. He set up a number of cashback websites in the UK, Germany and Sweden, which make money by charging high-street retailers to advertise products on their webpages. Customers who sign up and buy products through the websites are offered discounts and special offers. The retailers get new customers, the customers get bargains, and Mark makes a profit. D After paying his outgoings, Mark pays himself a salary of a thousand pounds a month, which is about 1100 euros. It isn’t much, considering he’s one of the wealthiest teenagers in Britain, but he lives simply and prefers to put his profits back into the business. He lives with his girlfriend and her mother, in a small house. He doesn’t own a car and is not interested in learning to drive or bothered about spending money on the typical teenage obsessions of clothes or going out. Perhaps the secret to being a success in business is to be singleminded and obsessed with making the enterprise work. That certainly seems to be true of Mark.

3 Complete the sentences in your own words. 1 Mark’s hobbies include 2 Mark made money from selling sweets by . 3 Customers sign up to Mark’s cashback websites

2 For a time, Mark ran a bicycle repair service. 3 Mark’s cashback company makes money by charging customers to sign up.

because

.

4 Mark spends most of the money he makes on . 4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/16

4 Answer the questions in your own words.

4 Mark lives the lifestyle of a very wealthy man.

1 What information tells you that Mark is good with computers?

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /16

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 1 money a company makes and spends.

2 How exactly does a cashback website work? 4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/8

topics. Write between 120–150 words.

3 business-minded.

1 What qualities are important in a successful

4 work by himself.

entrepreneur?

5 concerned about. 2 marks for each correct answer



5 Write a composition on ONE of the following

2 extremely good at.

Score  ​  ​/10

2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of buying things online? 50 marks

118

.

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End-of-term test 1 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

3 Write sentences using the prompts. Use

the verbs in brackets.

continuous forms if possible. (not set) his alarm clock last

1 Roland

1 Susie / stay / in the guesthouse / since Monday.

night.



2 We decided to take out Ghost on DVD last night

2 Joanna / not buy / that new coat / yet.

(not see) it before.

because Sue



(lose) her key so she can’t get in

3 Jane

3 They / not play football / all afternoon.

her apartment.

(not swim) in the new

4 Louisa

4 Matt / just / get home from work.

swimming pool yet.

(not last) very long. Nadal

5 The match

5 We / not know / Samantha / very long.

won easily.

(have) his watch since

6 My father

1966. It’s very precious to him. (they / buy) the boat?

7 When

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

8 Jenny was upset because earlier she

1 You

(forget) to send her grandfather a birthday card.

be) Dave. He hasn’t got a phone.

(make) sandwiches earlier because I

wear) a uniform when she’s working.

Score  ​  ​/10

1 mark for each correct answer

classes if she doesn’t want to.

the verbs in brackets.

5 Tim (met) Raymond in

6 Tony (miss) the last bus.

7 We

(paint) the bedrooms all day. He

5 Complete the text with the words in the box. could  ​has to  ​can’t  ​needn’t  ​should

(stay) at the campsite since

6 Andy

Tuesday. He leaves tomorrow.

Next week is sports day. Everybody

(lost) her camera. That’s

7 Rebecca

(1)

why she’s so upset. 8 I

Score  ​  ​/7

1 mark for each correct answer

(break) your leg?

5 How many times

(have to / put) the ice cream in

the fridge. It’ll be a disaster if it melts.

was tired but the job was not finished yet. friends yet, and it’s already three o’clock.

(need / call) Rosie but he can if

he wants to.

2 Fiona didn’t come to the cinema because she

(write) emails to any of her

(might / win) if he enters. He has

as good a chance as anybody else!

Barcelona.

4 Sally

(have to / go) to ballet

4 Rebecca

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

3 Dan

(have to /

3 Amy is a nurse, so she

knew we would get hungry.

1 Last summer, I

(can /

2 Who’s ringing at this time? It

seem to be good friends these days. 10 I

(should / put) so much sugar in

your tea. It’s up to you but I think it’s a bad idea.

(you / know) Peter? You

9 How long

Score  ​  ​ /10

2 marks for each correct answer

know that I (2)

(know) anything about the Vikings

do some training but lose in

I’m too lazy. Don Wilson (3)

when I was a small child. 1 mark for each correct answer

compete – it’s a school rule! I

the 100 metres because he’s the best runner in

Score  ​  ​/8

break the

the school. In fact he (4)

school record if he’s in good form. He’s so good that the rest of us (5)



compete – he’s

unbeatable! 1 mark for each correct answer

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end-of-term test 1 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

9 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

6 Rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs in the box.

in  ​of  ​for  ​down  ​about

have to  ​ should  ​must  ​ can’t  ​mustn’t  ​ might  ​needn’t

1 I often tune

to the current affairs

programme on Saturday morning.

1 It isn’t necessary to get up very early. They

.

2 It’s likely that Paul has gone to bed by now. Paul

.

3 Stuart is obliged to work on Sunday mornings. Stuart

.

4 It’s unlikely that Karen is at work. She’s at home. Karen

.

5 We aren’t permitted to use a dictionary in the exam. We

2 Are you ready

the start of a new

term? 3 Alan is capable

winning the

competition if he practises. 4 I’m going to watch the film because I’m curious how they will film the battle scenes. 5 We shouldn’t dumb

the press. Score  ​  ​ /5

1 mark for each correct answer

. 10 Match the words to make compound words.

6 It’s possible the weather will be better tomorrow. The weather

.

7 I advise Penny to save more of her pocket money. Penny

.

8 We aren’t allowed to run in the corridors. We

. .

10 There’s no obligation on Peter to get a part-time job. Peter

.

2 marks for each correct answer

a spirited b hitting c cast d show e lines Score  ​  ​ /5

1 mark for each correct answer

9 It’s a good idea to wear a scarf on a chilly day. You

  1 pod   2 head   3 hard-   4 public-   5 chat

Score  ​  ​ /20

7 Write modal perfect sentences using the prompts. 1 Gary / shouldn’t / stay up late last night.

11 Circle the odd one out. 1 mug

murder

2 tabloids alerts 3 change

culprit

kidnap

broadsheets

newspapers

transition turning point offender

5 gossip

sensationalism circulation

bias

defendant Score  ​  ​/5

1 mark for each correct answer

2 Sarah / must / leave school early / this morning.

social factors

4 suspect victim

12 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

3 Ruth / can’t / see the film.

1 Did you remember



(buy) a

newspaper?

4 Harry / ought not to / speak to the strangers.

2 I forgot

(send) a birthday card to my

grandfather.

5 Sue / needn’t / take a taxi.

3 She stopped



(eat) to answer the

phone.

2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /10

4 I remember

(meet) my boyfriend for

the first time.

8 Write a word for each definition.

5 We didn’t stop

(say) hello because we

were in a hurry.

1 a change in society (noun) 2 a news story happening now (compound noun)

1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/5

3 showing no sympathy or emotion (compound adjective) 4 the place where they have a trial (noun) 5 the decision of the jury at a trial (noun) 2 marks for each correct answer 120

Score  ​  ​ /10

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Photocopiable

end-of-term TEST 1 (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The clumsiest burglar in Britain A Joe Prince must be the clumsiest burglar in Britain. His failed attempt to escape from a house he had just robbed turned him into a laughing stock and headline news across the country. He had been trying to climb out of the window of a terrace following a daytime raid when he caught the shoelaces of one of his trainers in the top of the window frame. He couldn’t free himself, so this left him hanging by his laces in the open window. Joe had attempted to turn his victim’s home upside down, but had only managed to turn himself the wrong way up! B Naturally, a crowd of passers-by soon built up, and, realizing that Joe had been attempting to break out of the house with stolen goods, they didn’t help him. They just stood and laughed at him. C Almost an hour passed before the owner of the property turned up. Imagine his surprise when he 1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 The situation Joe found himself in was that he … a was hanging upside down.

D Later, one neighbour gave her version of the story. She said that she had heard a lot of banging and, at first, had thought that her neighbours were having home repairs carried out as they had just moved in and she knew that they had intended to have the house renovated. However, when she looked outside, she had seen two feet sticking out of the window and had realized that something strange was going on.

3 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Joe got his shoe caught while climbing out of the

b had lost his shoes.

house.

c was trapped behind the window. d had caught his trainers under the window. 2 When the owner arrived home he saw that Joe … a was holding stolen goods. b had dropped his hammer on the floor. c had a holdall on the floor.

2 People walking past had no idea Joe was a burglar. 3 Joe admitted his crime when the owner of the house arrived.

d wasn’t holding anything.

4 At first, the neighbour thought Joe was a builder.

3 A neighbour knew something was wrong when … a the owner came back.

5 marks for each correct answer

b she heard strange banging noises.

Score  ​  ​ /20

4 Answer the question in your own words. Write

c she saw Joe’s legs.

between 25–50 words.

d Joe broke the glass. 5 marks for each correct answer

saw a guy hanging from his living room window frame with a hammer in his hand and a holdall full of stolen goods all over the floor. Joe did his best to get the owner to release him, claiming that he had spotted someone else trying to burgle the house, had tried to catch the thief, and had ended up in his unusual predicament as a result. Naturally, the owner didn’t believe a word, and left him dangling while he phoned the police.

Score  ​  ​/15

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 1 somebody people laugh at in an unkind way. 2 a house that is joined to other houses in a street.

What was Joe’s explanation for why he was in a difficult position? How did he really get in that situation? 15 marks

Score  ​  ​ /15

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 Imagine you have witnessed a burglary. Write a

3 arrived.

report including a description of what you saw,

4 seen or noticed.

when and where, and a description of the burglar.

5 unusual and difficult position or situation.

2 Describe a true crime story that made headline news in your country.

3 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​/15

35 marks

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Score  ​  ​ /35 121

end-0f-term test 2 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the verbs in brackets.

the verbs in brackets. (go) to Mexico for

1 Last summer, Mike his holidays.

(not find) yet.

1 The missing climbers We’re still searching.

(not find) her purse yet.

2 Jane

3 It was the first time I

2 As far as I’m concerned, space stations on Mars

(see) Charlotte

(will / build) in the future.

since the summer holidays. 4 How many countries

you

in the main restaurant.

(visit) so far in your life?

years ago.

chatting to Amy over there. 1 mark for each correct answer

(should / remove)

5 The broken glass Score  ​  ​ /5

from the garden before the children start playing. 1 mark for each correct answer

2 Write sentences using the prompts.

needn’t  could  can’t  ​must  ​shouldn’t  ​has to mustn’t

2 How long / you / wait here?

1 The bag

3 James / not see / any good films / recently.

belong to Sam. He’s the only

student with a red bag like that one.



2 Sandra

4 Gareth / just / break his leg.

walk home alone at night. It’s

too dangerous.



3 Jerry

5 Sue / cry / for 20 minutes / before someone asked

be hungry now. He had a big

lunch half an hour ago.

if she was OK.

4 Pam

Score  ​  ​ /10

3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive form,

pay the parking fine. If she

doesn’t, she’s breaking the law. 5 You

take an umbrella with you, but

it’s a good idea because it might rain.

beginning as shown. Omit the agent.

1 mark for each correct answer

1 Archaeologists have recently excavated a Mayan .

A Mayan temple

1 The newspaper says that the weather is getting worse.

2 The students are designing some interesting art .

Interesting art work

.

The bins

2 Some say that global warming is inevitable. .

Global warming

3 Someone is going to empty all the rubbish bins.

3 The campaigners say their actions will have a big effect on people’s health in the next few years.

4 You may have lost your key when you were

.

It

dancing. .

Your key

4 Retailers say that the rise in profits from online shopping is going to continue.

5 Somebody was tidying the classroom when I

It

arrived. . Score  ​  ​/10

.

5 Scientists predict that the new vaccine will soon be available for everyone. It 2 marks for each correct answer

122

.

It

work for the exhibition.

2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /5

6 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

temple in the forest.

The classroom

Score  ​  ​ /5

5 Complete the sentences with words from the box.

1 Sally / just / get home / this minute.

2 marks for each correct answer

(invent) over a hundred

4 The first plane

(not go) home. Look. She’s

5 Susie

(serve)

3 At this precise moment, dinner

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end-of-term test 2 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

7 Rewrite the sentences using have/get something

10 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

done, beginning as shown.

the words in the box.

1 Somebody manicured Tanya’s nails yesterday.

rip  ​ give  ​have  ​haggle  ​feel

Tanya

. 1 The film star refused to

2 Somebody has renewed Tom’s library card. Tom

.

Tony

.

Did

.

Vera

. Score  ​  ​/10

the verbs in brackets.

(have) any money with

3 I’m excited

(enjoy) the film.

5 There’s a sale on because the shop is clearing

(not do) so much work, he

its old stock.

(be) so tired.

6 Amy passed Score  ​  ​/5

.

9 After the operation, Paula came

and

opened her eyes. .

3 We don’t have a ticket.

10 I hope the shop will take

these jeans.

They’re the wrong size and I don’t want them. .

4 My cat isn’t feeling very well. .

5 Jack won’t stop talking. 2 marks for each correct answer

a bit of a cold.

all these germs but it isn’t doing very well.

2 My next door neighbour is noisy.

If only he

for two minutes. 8 My immune system is trying to fight

1 I feel lonely.

I wish she

. She was unconscious

7 I seem to have picked

9 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

I wish we

such a

horrible cold.

(study) a bit more!

If only he

our trip to the seaside.

4 It takes a long time to get

(fail) the exam unless

I wish I

by the

popular press.

(not fall) asleep, he

1 mark for each correct answer

Dave because he’s so

2 These days, news is dumbed

(not rain).

5 If Peter

Score  ​  ​/10

good-looking.

(go) for a picnic later as long as it

she

2 marks for each correct answer

1 I’m jealous

me.

4 I think Sandy

see if she can bring the price down.

of  ​back  ​about  ​down  ​out (x2)  ​up  ​off over  ​round

(buy) something in the sales

3 If Robert

with sellers in the market to

11 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

2 We

off

customers by charging too much. 5 Sue likes

5 Someone told Vera’s fortune.

yesterday if I

a

fever. 4 Unscrupulous shopkeepers

4 Did they clean Susan’s carpet?

1 I

dizzy so she went to bed.

3 They called the doctor because Jill

3 Someone has cut Tony’s hair.

2 marks for each correct answer

2 Amanda

any interviews.

1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

12 Write a word for each definition. 1 a person who is part of a jury (noun)

. Score  ​  ​/10

2 to take something from someone which you return to them later (verb) 3 if you bang your head, you feel this (adjective) 4 not hurting you at all (adjective) 5 already used things that you buy (compound adjective) 2 marks for each correct answer

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123

end-of-term TEST 2 (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

Shopaholics A Do you think you might be a shopaholic? There are ways of finding out. Check out how many never-worn items of clothing there are in your wardrobe, or boxes of shoes that have never been opened. It’s not how much you spend or how many clothes you have. It’s the pointlessness of your purchases. Real shopaholics just love the thrill of the shop, so most things they buy never see the light of day.

C Perhaps the biggest problem though is that compulsive shopping is condoned by our materialistic society. Advertisements constantly tell us to buy new things, credit cards encourage us to run up debt, and shops are welcoming and exciting, designed to make us buy, which means that they are also designed to exploit vulnerable people who really shouldn’t be buying at all.

B Remarkably, one in 20 Americans is a shopaholic, which is over 17 million people, and, although there is no reliable data to prove it one way or another, I suspect plenty of Europeans fall into the same category. One of the problems shopaholics face is that it is an addiction that no one takes seriously. It’s the butt of countless sitcom jokes. If one of your friends is always shopping, you’ll probably make a joke of it rather than telling your friend to get help. And the trouble with that is that there is no social pressure to stop shopping, so shopaholics don’t recognize they have a problem until it’s too late and they are badly in debt.

D So, what sort of people become shopaholics? The common perception is that they are wealthy, middle class and female. We have all seen the images of rich women staggering out of department stores laden with hundreds of designer bags. However, while research suggests that nine out of ten known shopaholics are women, some leading psychologists have argued that men are just as prone to the disorder. They say that the statistics are inaccurate because men are less likely to seek help for their addiction and are often labelled as ‘collectors’ rather than shopaholics. So next time you see your male friends buying items as if they were collectors, don’t hesitate to say something about it. They may just need a little help.

1 Read the text and choose the best response.

2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

1 A true shopaholic …

1 You know you are a shopaholic if

a spends a lot of money on purchases.



b buys things then never uses them.

2 Most people respond to having a friend who constantly shops by

c buys more expensive things than most of us. d possesses a lot of clothes.



2 As for how many shopaholics there are in Europe …

3 Male shopaholics differ from female ones in that

a statistics show there are more than 17 million.



b the writer suspects that about 20% of Europeans are shopaholics. c we don’t know exactly how many. than there are in America.

.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

1 excitement. 2 target or victim.

3 The writer does not blame the following for encouraging shopaholics …

3 take advantage of. 4 likely to be victims of.

a credit card companies.

5 illness or problem.

b advertising companies. people who joke about compulsive shopping. c d social pressure groups.

3 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following

4 In the opinion of ‘some leading psychologists’ shopaholics are usually made up of … a mostly wealthy, middle-class women. b considerably more women than men. c both men and women in comparable numbers. d richer people rather than poorer people. 5 marks for each correct answer

.

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

d there are likely to be more shopaholics in Europe

124

.

Score  ​  ​/20

topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What’s your favourite shop? How often do you go there, what do you buy, and why do you like it? 2 ‘Advertising products aimed at young children should be banned.’ Discuss. 50 marks

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Score  ​  ​/50 Photocopiable

end-of-term test 3 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Write sentences using the prompts.

4 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. Omit the agent if possible.

1 How long / you / sit here?

1 Colin is presenting prizes to the successful

2 Rebecca / listen to the radio / just before Ben walked in.

students. .

Prizes 2 We are going to post all the letters tomorrow.

3 Claire / not meet / any interesting people / recently. 4 She / own / her own apartment / since August. 5 Rob / already / wash his car / when we got back.

.

All the letters

3 Janet may have lost her bag during the taxi journey home. .

Janet’s bag 4 The council has closed down the old swimming pool.

.

The old swimming pool

2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

2 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in the box.

home at this time. take pills every day. If he forgets,

he will get really ill. buy a ticket because it’s free

3 We entry.

be Jerry. It certainly looks a lot like

4 It him.

tell your parents. They

5 I think you might be able to help.

1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/5

the words in brackets.

(finish) all the work if I had eaten a

big lunch. 2 If only Susan

(spend) so much money

last weekend. 3 Wendy

(win) the race if she does a bit

more training for it. 4 As long as it

(rain), we won’t get wet

on the picnic. (have) more time and money

these days. 1 mark for each correct answer

asked us.

2 Sonia regrets losing her temper. She

The shop assistant asked us

(shouldn’t / get) so angry. (can’t / go) home yet because

his bike is still outside.

. 2 ‘You must work harder,’ said Ruth. .

Ruth said I

4 Ryan lost his wallet yesterday. He

3 ‘When did you last see Vera?’ asked Jim.

(may / drop) it in the street. (need / bring) any food to the

party as there was plenty.

.

Jim asked me 4 ‘I can’t see anything,’ said Fiona.

.

Fiona said she Score  ​  ​/5

5 ‘I haven’t done my homework,’ Ben told me. Ben told me he 1 mark for each correct answer

Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​/5

1 ‘Are you looking for something?’ the shop assistant

(must / swim) really well yesterday.

1 mark for each correct answer

1 I

6 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

1 Stephen won the swimming race. He

5 Vera

the verbs in brackets. You may need to use the negative.

5 I wish I

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

3 David

Score  ​  ​ /10

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

be at home now. She’s always

2 Ray

.

2 marks for each correct answer

must  ​needn’t  ​should  ​could  ​have to 1 Sue

5 The train won’t reach the station until midnight. The station

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

. Score  ​  ​/5 125

end-of-term test 3 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

7 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1 ‘We spent two nights here last weekend.’ had spent two nights

Tanya said

the weekend

11 Complete the sentences with words from the box. of  ​goods  ​for  ​hop  ​at  ​agent  ​fast  ​tick effects  ​up  ​on  ​off  ​lines  ​change

.

2 ‘I wonder whether we will catch our flight next

1 When I watch TV, I often channel

Sunday.’ Joe wondered whether flight the

would catch

2 Sue is jealous

Sunday.

3 I’m worried about the side

3 ‘I broke my wrist yesterday.’

of taking germs.

4 Antibodies fight

day.

wrist the

Pam.

such a powerful drug.

had broken

Fiona said

such as

5 There are a lot of electrical

dishwashers and kettles for sale in the shop.

Score  ​  ​/9

3 marks for each correct answer

food like crisps and burgers.

6 I eat

8 Write a word for each definition.

.

7 We booked our holiday with a travel the drinks.

1 to say what medicine to take (verb)

8 I’ll pay

2 to give someone something which they return to

9 I don’t understand Ann. What makes her ?

you later (verb) 3 to argue with a shopkeeper in order to get a lower

from home.

4 to spend too much (compound verb) 6 a person who decides what stories go in a newspaper (noun) Score  ​  ​/6

1 mark for each correct answer

9 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns.

12 Read the sentences and write reported sentences using the prompts in brackets. 1 ‘Put your mobile phone away.’ (Mr Smith / tell / Amanda) 2 ‘You ought to watch less TV.’ (Sue / advise / the twins)

farmhouse is over 300

1 The family,

years old, has always lived in this area.

3 ‘I’m sorry I forgot to bring the tickets.’ (Jim /

we grew up is near here.

2 The village

3 George works for an aid agency cars didn’t exist.

5 We had a great meal in the restaurant with Robert, insisted on paying for it. Score  ​  ​/5

1 mark for each correct answer

10 Complete the sentences with the correct words. Write commas where necessary. is very friendly is my neighbour.

1 John

belongs to my

2 The summer house uncle is situated on a lake.

3 We went for a long walk along the seashore it is really lovely. brother is in my class

was chosen to represent his city in the competition. 5 At the top of a hill there’s an old house

5 ‘Could you clean the bathroom, please?’ (Jo / ask / Sally) Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

13 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. (predict) and could

1 The accident was have been avoided. 2 I don’t really know the correct

(proceed) for processing this ticket. 3 The

(popular) of the band surprised

us. 4 I don’t want to

(sleep) so I’m going to

set my alarm. 5 Sam has a lot of physical

we drove past yesterday. 1 mark for each correct answer

apologize for) 4 ‘Let’s go out later!’ (Debbie / suggest)

helps poor people in Asia. 4 That was a time

Score  ​  ​/20

2 marks for each correct answer

5 not wanting to do something (noun)

4 Brad Hughes

here? You’re miles

10 How did you end

price (verb)

126

to

see what’s on different channels.

Score  ​  ​/5

1 mark for each correct answer

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

(strong). Score  ​  ​/5 Photocopiable

end-of-term test 3 (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The world’s greatest job A One contender for the world’s greatest job must be the 12-month contract Dan Golley won when he beat thousands of applicants to become ‘caretaker’ of a small tropical island off the Australian coast. In a recent interview, Dan said that winning the job had changed his life. He told journalists that back in May when he got the job he hadn’t realized his face would be in every newspaper in Australia. He couldn’t believe that putting together a oneminute video and merely ‘being himself’ in the interviews he had given had been enough to land such a marvellous job. ‘You’d expect someone in my position to have loads of qualifications and to be some sort of ecological expert, wouldn’t you?’ said Dan. B Before he started the job, Dan didn’t really know much about it. The job description was unclear and suggested that he’d do little more than deliver the post and feed the fish. However, once he reached the island, he soon realized that it was a real job, and quite demanding, and there were already people there to do the jobs in the description! The idea of advertising the job as the best in the world, and placing photos of Dan in newspapers all over

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 A lot of people wanted to have Dan’s job.

4 put money into.



5 break (glass).

3 Dan considers himself well-qualified for the job.

2 marks for each correct answer

4 Dan probably spends a lot of time sunbathing when 5 More people are coming to the island each month. Score  ​  ​/25

2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

Score  ​  ​ /15

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What would be your dream job and why?

.

2 The reason for publicizing Dan’s appointment was

2 ‘Exploiting and developing tropical islands is bad for their ecology and traditional way of life.’

.

to

4 What exactly does Dan have to do in his role as

15 marks



1 Dan got the job by

Score  ​  ​ /10

‘caretaker’ of the island? (25–50 words) You are expected to use information from the text, but please use your own words.

he’s on the island.

3 Dan spends time learning about the island’s

Photocopiable

1 someone or something that is in a race or

3 take part in.

got the job.

5 marks for each correct answer

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

2 only.

2 There was a lot of media coverage when Dan first

ecology so that

C As global tourism figures continue to fall because of the worldwide economic downturn, Dan has to work hard to attract visitors to his little bit of paradise, but he’s doing his best. This month, he has been learning about the unique ecosystems of the reefs off the coast of the island, so that he can help encourage diving tour companies to invest in the place. He’s also been studying the strange flora and fauna of the seas near the island with marine biologists. He is keen to tell anyone who’ll listen about the amazing mantis shrimp, one of the most dangerous creatures in the ocean, which can’t be kept in glass aquariums as it can smash its way out.

competition.



5 marks for each correct answer

the world, was to give the island publicity. Fewer tourists are travelling there than in the past so it is Dan’s job to write a daily blog, make videos and take photos to put online in order to advertise the place. He also has to engage in PR-related duties, including meeting politicians, giving speeches, talking to tourism representatives and meeting travellers from around the world. ‘I barely have enough time to work on my tan,’ joked Dan. ‘Honestly though, it’s great to spend my days telling people how wonderful this place is – because it really is paradise on earth!’

.

Discuss. 35 marks

Score  ​  ​ /35

Score  ​  ​/15

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127

End-of-year test 1 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

4 Write sentences in the passive form using the

the verbs in brackets.

prompts. (sell) our old car.

1 Last month we

1 Tomorrow, the letters / send / to people all over the

(just / find) some money under

2 Shane

the sofa. He’s really pleased!

2 Hundreds of loaves of bread / bake / here every day.

3 William was happy because earlier his boss (give) him the morning off. 4 How long

country.



(they / have) those old

3 Last week, Dave’s car / steal / from outside his

bikes? It’s time they got new ones.

house.

(just / get) home. I’ll ask him to

5 Chris

4 At this moment, my bike / repair / in the shop

ring you back. 1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /5

2 Complete the text with the correct form of the

across the road. 5 Claire / not give / any money / yet.

verbs in brackets. Use continuous forms if possible.

2 marks for each correct answer

We (1) (stay) at a campsite since Tuesday, (love) every minute of our and we (2) (not expect) it to be so holiday. We (3) nice when we booked it last month.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1 If Denise doesn’t have enough money, I lend her some. 2 What

It’s 30 minutes from the sea, and Karen and I (walk) to the coast three times this (4) (just / swim) in week. In fact, we (5) the sea. We were a bit disappointed when we got there (forget) to bring our because we (6) (always / enjoy) snorkels. We (7) snorkelling, and the sea here is full of fish. Recently, my (study) marine biology, so it’s sister (8) fun to swim with her because she knows so much. 1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

Paul

said if he’d

known you were out? fallen ill, he would have had

3 If Patrick to go to the doctor’s. 4 If I

seen the film, I’m sure I wouldn’t

have enjoyed it. 5 Where

you live if you didn’t live with

your parents? 1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /8

Score  ​  ​/5

6 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. 1 ‘I didn’t see the documentary.’

3 Rewrite the sentences with the modal verbs in the

.

Rosalind said

box, beginning as shown.

2 ‘Don’t sit on the sofa.’

should  ​must  ​mustn’t may  ​needn’t  ​

.

Penny told us 3 ‘Where is she going tomorrow?’

1 It is logical that Graham is waiting at the bus stop. Graham 2 It is possible that Wayne lost the game yesterday. 3 It isn’t necessary to buy a ticket. 4 It is illegal to drive when drunk. 5 Dan regrets not doing his homework.

.

6 ‘Could you hold the door open for me?’ 2 marks for each correct answer

. Score  ​  ​/12

.

Dan 1 mark for each correct answer 128

5 ‘Don’t go swimming at night.’

Bruce asked me .

You

.

Olive warned me .

You

4 ‘Let’s have a picnic in the park today.’ Pam suggested

.

Wayne

.

Amy asked me .

Score  ​  ​/5

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

end-of-year test 1 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

7 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. works for the council.

1 I’ve got an aunt

parents had gone out to

2 The children,

a restaurant, were very noisy. the little shop

3 The ice cream produced tasted delicious.

the

4 I can’t remember a summer

a famous

pop star was opening a music shop. Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

8 Complete the sentences with words from the box. transition  ​ effects  ​earn  ​trip  ​affairs  ​travel  ​ win  ​cream  ​age  ​news  ​drinks  ​paste  ​system 1 I enjoy current

programmes on TV.

2 I’ve been taking these pills and I’m worried about .

harmful side

works

3 We studied how the respiratory in biology today.

like lemonade and cola.

4 I prefer soft

before sunbathing.

5 Always put on sun

with

6 My brother went on an exchange a student from Germany. in his job

7 How much does Derek each year?

Score  ​  ​/7

1 mark for each correct answer

9 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. in  ​ up (x2)  ​ for (x2)  ​ out  ​with  ​after  ​about  ​of 1 Tune

to this programme on Radio

Secret next week. 2 I’m ready

lunch. I’m really hungry. someone walking

3 Wendy was aware behind her. 4 I’m excited 5 Amy passed

next week’s party. during class. She was

all the matches lighting

candles, so we had to buy some more. tickets.

8 We spent two hours queueing 9 I’ll deal

2 broadsheet a press

b tabloid c presenter

3 offender

a victim

b suspect c culprit

4 innocent

a jury

b jealous c guilty

5 angry

a cool-headed b hard-hitting c single-minded

6 harmless

a harmful

7 sell

a discount b purchase c turnover

8 win

a lose

9 strength

a willingness b apathy

10 integrity

b harmable c harmist b earn

c miss

c weakness a indecision

b reluctance

c dishonesty Score  ​  ​/10

1 mark for each correct answer

11 Write a word for each definition. 1 a person who reads out the news (compound noun) 2 money you pay when you have committed a minor crime (noun) 3 a part of the body such as the heart, liver or kidneys (noun) 4 people on holiday (noun) 5 doing things instantly without thinking (compound noun) Score  ​  ​ /10

2 marks for each correct answer

12 Complete the words with the correct endings. 1 The broad

media is changing rapidly these

days. on my

2 I often listen to the news on a pod laptop.

young man. He always

3 Simon is a very plainsays what he thinks. 4 It was a hard-

report which criticized a lot of and I feel a bit sick.

5 I have a bad head

full of clothes

6 Dan was carrying a heavy back and other belongings.

you if you fall ill.

7 We used

a objective b analysis c scandal

people.

unconscious for two minutes. 6 I’ll look

1 biased



weather was as nice as this. 5 I went to a shopping centre

10 Circle the word with an opposite meaning.

the mess. You can go home. in a

10 We walked for miles and ended

7 Rome is usually full of sight

taking

photographs. 8 The return air

to New York can be quite low if

you book ahead. 1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/8

small village in the middle of nowhere. 1 mark for each correct answer Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​ /10

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

129

End-of-year test 1 (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

Russia’s most sensationalist newspaper



A Inspired by The Sun, Britain’s notorious tabloid, Zhizn is Russia’s most sensationalist newspaper. It is full of dramatic stories about gangsters and sex scandals, and it entertains its readers with horoscopes and agony aunt columns. The biggest difference between the two look-a-like papers is perhaps their attitude to politics. Zhizn is very careful to avoid stories about Russia’s ruling party.

reputation across Russia for breaking news. It prides itself on exclusives and on revealing all the details of horrific crimes or salacious scandals. Often its reporters beat the police to the scene of a crime and its website has regularly shown surveillance camera footage of shooting sprees and murders.

B Recently, the newspaper’s editor started a tabloid journalism school in central Moscow to show staff reporters and aspiring young journalists how to write in tabloid style. The problem, as the editor sees it, is that while there are some extremely able journalists in Russia, they simply don’t know how to write in the attention-grabbing style of the popular press in the West. Learning how to write witty and dramatic headlines, and how to condense stories into a few words, is something that is new in a country where newspapers are traditionally serious and thorough. C Ten years on from its first issue, Zhizn, which roughly translates as ‘Life’, has a deserved 1 Read the text and choose the best response.

D The newspaper’s editor is friendly, lively and talkative, and he looks like a bit of a tough guy with his broken nose and muscular frame. However, he’s also articulate and enthusiastic in his defence of tabloid journalism, which he says is misunderstood and unfairly criticized in Russia as being unethical and unpleasant. He says that journalism shouldn’t be about writing artistic but boring articles – it’s about revealing the truth in a plain and exciting way. He argues that a great journalist is able to feel the pull and emotion of a story, and isn’t afraid to express an opinion. That’s why he has started the journalism school – the style and type of reporter he seeks is a far cry from the objective sort of journalist trained by the traditional schools.

2 Answer the questions in your own words.

1 Zhizn is different from The Sun in that it …

1 How is tabloid journalism described in the text?

a has more sensationalist stories.



b tends not to criticize the government.

2 Why do Russian journalists need training in tabloid

c avoids things like cartoons and horoscopes. d investigates crime in more depth.

journalism?

2 The editor began the tabloid school because he …

3 How is the editor described?

a wants to recruit most of his staff from tabloid



newspapers. b doesn’t think there are any good journalists of any kind in Russia. c thinks the Western tabloid style is new in Russia and needs learning.

5 marks for each correct answer

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 1 famous in a negative way. 2 similar in appearance.

d believes it will be a money-making enterprise.

3 ambitious.

3 According to the editor, journalists should be …

4 approximately.

a expressive and artistic.

5 very different from.

b emotional and plain-spoken.

4 marks for each correct answer

c well-informed and objective.

Score  ​  ​/20

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following

d truthful and critical. 5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

topics. Write between 120–150 words. Score  ​  ​ /15

1 Which newspaper do you read? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the newspaper? 2 ‘Tabloid newspapers are more interesting than serious newspapers.’ Discuss. 50 marks

130

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Score  ​  ​/50 Photocopiable

End-of-year test 2 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

the agent where possible.

(already / leave) the office. He’ll

1 David

4 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. Omit

be at home now.

1 Some people deliver thousands of pizzas every day. .

Thousands (lose)

2 Thomas is upset because he his watch and can’t find it.

.

Tina’s glasses (go) windsurfing for the

3 When Donald

2 Someone has broken Tina’s glasses.

first time, he couldn’t do it very well.

3 Someone cleaned my car yesterday. .

I

4 They rented Big from the DVD store because Tim (not see) the film before.

.

The post

5 In the nineteenth century, many people

5 Two people were presenting prizes to the students.

(live) in awful housing conditions. Score  ​  ​/5

1 mark for each correct answer

4 A man is delivering the post at this moment.

2 Write sentences using the prompts. Use

.

Prizes

Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

5 Complete the sentences with the modal verbs in

continuous forms if possible.

the box.

1 Rory / play tennis / twice this week.

have to  ​mustn’t  ​ ought to  ​might  ​needn’t

1 You

2 Wendy / just / break / her watch.

eat more vegetables. It’s a good

idea because they’re good for you.



practise the piano every evening,

2 She

3 Sue / see / the film / yet?

but she can if she wants to.

4 Gordon / do / his homework / all morning.

have

3 I’ve no idea where Joe is but he gone to the park. I’ll text him and find out.

5 I / jog / for ten minutes / when I slipped and fell.

4 To fly abroad, you

have a valid

passport.

Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (go) for a picnic.

1 If it’s sunny, we you

2 What

(do) if Rachel (want) me to.

(say) something earlier we

4 If Sue

(not know) how it works, they (like).

(be) you, I’d buy the red one.

8 If I

(lose) the map, we wouldn’t

9 If we

have been able to get home. they

10 What

6 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech, beginning as shown.

.

Sam asked 2 ‘I haven’t managed to call Frank yet.’

. .

Ray told us 4 ‘Why don’t we go walking in the mountains?’

should ask someone. 7 We’ll stop for lunch if you

Score  ​  ​/5

1 mark for each correct answer

3 ‘Don’t shout so much.’

(help) if I had the time.

6 If they

parents will be worried.

Steve said

could have made other arrangements. 5 I

get home too late because my

1 ‘What time did you get up this morning?’

hadn’t managed to get there on time? 3 I won’t come unless he

5 We

.

Pam suggested 5 ‘Could you close the window for me?’ Marianne asked me 2 marks for each correct answer

. Score  ​  ​/10

(wear) if they

go to the party? 1 mark for each correct answer Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​/10

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131

end-of-year test 2 (standard) – grammar and vocabulary

10 Complete the sentences with suitable words.

7 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. Write commas where necessary.

grows in

2 Mahogany is a type of wood

coffee. I drink too much.

2 I’m addicted

newsagent’s shop lives at the corner of the street. tropical forests.

me because

3 My parents were worried

I didn’t ring to say I was going to be late. burglary.

4 Henry was found guilty there

3 Cambridge is an attractive town are a lot of university buildings. corporation is a millionaire.

a cold while I was on holiday.

6 I picked

to the shop

7 Shelley took the jumper

bike is blocking the path

because it was the wrong size.

should go and move it.

the fish or the chicken.

8 I can’t choose Score  ​  ​ /5

1 mark for each correct answer

8 Complete the sentences with words from the box. period  ​ sickening  ​ hop  ​sack  ​skip  ​ point  ​rate  ​ tick  ​ control  ​ hand  ​system  ​bag  ​ foot  ​hum  ​ poisoning  ​time 1 Getting married was a real turning

in

my life. Everything changed after that. . I rarely just watch

2 I usually channel one channel on TV all evening.

rejected the transplant.

3 His immune

. I’ve been sick all

4 I think I have food night.

is much

5 Buying things second cheaper than buying them new.

her job.

9 Sarah is always complaining

Joan.

10 I don’t know how you put up She’s so rude.

Score  ​  ​/10

1 mark for each correct answer

11 Write a word for each definition. 1 a person who writes stories in a newspaper (noun) 2 to steal from a house (verb) 3 a cure (noun) 4 people walking round interesting monuments and looking at them (compound noun) 5 something that is very good value (noun) 6 unable to make a decision quickly (adjective)

with me when I

6 I took my sleeping

went camping – it’s warm and comfortable. between the dollar and

7 The exchange

after the

5 It took hours for Jo to come operation.

works for a major financial

4 My brother 5 The guy

the news.

1 I think tabloids dumb

parents run the

1 Harry Smith

the euro isn’t very good at the moment. 8 What makes Julie

? I really don’t Score  ​  ​ /8

1 mark for each correct answer

9 Circle the odd one out.

1 Jim found some great pictures on one of the on a website about Australia.

2 Have you seen today’s head

broadsheets

debates

2 hop

browse

surf

3 rob

burgle

suspect

4 cure

heal

suffer

5 purchase

bargain

discount Score  ​  ​ /5

? There’s been

a serious train crash. 3 Tony is cool-

1 press

1 mark for each correct answer

12 Complete the sentences with the correct words. web

understand her at all.

Score  ​  ​/12

2 marks for each correct answer

in a crisis. He always stays

calm and organized. 4 Wendy is single-

. She knows what she

wants and doesn’t give up until she gets it. 5 Sally under

the cost of the holiday.

6 I love walking in the country 7 Lots of holiday

.

go to the seaside in August. .

8 I read about this place in the guide 9 Jill is very out

and friendly. She loves

meeting people. 10 Iberia is a major Spanish air

which has flights

to destinations all over the world. 1 mark for each correct answer 132

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Score  ​  ​/10 Photocopiable

End-of-year test 2 (standard) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

Are you the sort of person who could live abroad? A All over the world, ordinary people dream about escaping from their own country to a better, more rewarding life. This is particularly true in Britain where a recent poll suggested that over half the population had considered life abroad at some point. Perhaps it’s the wet weather … B However, those who decide to leave the family, friends and culture they grew up with need to recognize how a sudden lifestyle change can affect their health and happiness. Expatriate life can be isolating and difficult and some personality types are not suited to tackling such changes. Naturally, everybody’s personality is unique, but it is possible to classify us all into certain general types, and some people may respond negatively to new surroundings. For example, thrill-seekers may cope with new situations by being too reckless, or worriers may be overcome by the stress of living somewhere new. C One particular personality type – labelled type D – is unsuited to changing to a new life. This sort of person is not only prone to stress but reluctant to call on others to help out. And that can be 1 Read the text and choose the best response. 1 According to the text, those most likely to find it hard to adapt to a new life abroad are people … a who like isolated places.

potentially disastrous. In our home culture, we have all sorts of people to call on to help us, but in a new life it is necessary to seek out this sort of support. It’s important to make friends locally with people from the new culture and with fellow ex-pats – one in order to integrate into the new culture, the other to have a fellow passenger who understands how you feel. D It is often the case that people who jet off to new places have a rose-tinted view of their new home, and this can cause problems. There’s nothing wrong with falling in love with the idea of living somewhere exotic and exciting, but being aware of the place’s downside is important. If your dream location proves not to have the services and facilities you have come to expect, then a dream can turn into a nightmare. Consequently, planning is essential because you need to have realistic expectations of what life will actually be like in your new home. You should chat on web forums to people who have already moved and read everything you can.

3 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Moving abroad may leave you feeling miserable and lonely.

b with lots of family back home. c who want to do exciting things all the time. d who may be unhealthy.

2 Some people are likely to find living abroad more difficult because of what they are like.

2 When planning to move abroad it’s best to avoid …



a choosing to live somewhere exotic or exciting.

3 At first, in a new country, you should make an effort

b not knowing what amenities the place has. c jetting off to very distant places.



d being too influenced by what people say in books and on websites. 5 marks for each correct answer

to make friends with only local people.

Score  ​  ​/10

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 1 dealing with.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /15

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What are the pros and cons of living abroad? 2 Imagine someone from abroad is coming to live in

2 acting in a thoughtless and dangerous way.

your home town. Write an email advising them on where to live and what to do in your town.

3 people who live permanently in a foreign culture.

50 marks

Score  ​  ​ /50

4 fly away to. 5 a viewpoint that is unrealistic. 5 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​/25

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133

Tests (STANDARD) answer key

Unit test 1

4 1 They were smaller in size

1 1 hasn’t filled   2 saw 3 haven’t known 4 did you watch   5 hasn’t left 6 has she owned

2 1 many times   2 yet 3 for about three hours 4 already   5 all morning

3 1 Emily hasn’t opened her Christmas presents yet. 2 I have just lost my wallet. 3 How long have you been waiting here? 4 Susan has been watching DVDs all afternoon. 5 I have had this watch since 2008. 6 Miriam has already washed all the dishes. 7 Dan has been redecorating his bedroom since lunchtime.

4 1 had been painting 2 had been standing 3 had cleared   4 had baked 5 had you been sitting

5 1 broadsheets   2 chat show host 3 surf   4 golden age   5 biased

6 1 podcast   2 analysis  3 channel hop   4 newsreader 5 headline

7 1 to buy   2 to take out    3 talking   4 meeting    5 to have

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘a newspaper that had been reduced to half the size of a normal “broadsheet”’ 2 True. ‘now they are no longer any larger than “popular” papers’ 3 True. ‘people have been criticizing tabloids for not being objective’ 4 True. ‘most people want to read exciting stories about sex, crime and disaster, not in-depth articles about the true state of the economy’

2 1 … blatantly sensationalist human-interest stories about sex, crime and disaster. 2 … reducing important social or political stories to a simple and colourful headline. 3 … they are stories their readers want to read and reflect their tastes and interests.

3 1 reduced   2 blatantly 3 misled   4 intruding 5 serving 134

and included shorter, more sensationalist human interest stories. 2 It can leave its readers poorly informed because it only gives brief details about a story. 3 They influence politics by letting politicians know which issues are important to readers and by making sure politicians stay honest.

2 1 implementing   2 vulnerable 3 snatch   4 cope with 5 premature

3 1 a  2 c  3 c 4 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 3 1 1 will be found 2 3 4 5 6

5 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 2 1 1 shouldn’t   2 ought to

2 1 A new gene that controls hair growth has been discovered. 2 Their new album was released last weekend. 3 Music is being taught to the younger students. 4 His neck could have been broken on that trampoline. 5 The newspapers are all going to be recycled.

3 have to    4  doesn’t have to 5 has to

2 1 We needn’t wear a shirt. 2 They mustn’t use phones in class. 3 Jill might come to Joe’s party. 4 You should get a part-time job. 5 Ryan must take his medicine twice a day.

3 1 a  It is said that global warming is geting worse. b Global warming is said to be getting worse.

3 1 He must have run really fast. 2 He shouldn’t have shouted at her. 3 She may have fallen down the stairs. 4 She can’t have done badly in the exam. 5 They might have gone to the cinema.

4 1 mustn’t   2 must   3 needn’t 4 should   5 had to

5 1 suspect   2 jury 3 misdemeanour   4  defendant 5 witness

6 1 cool   2 single   3 public 4 hard   5 cold

7 1 of   2 about   3 to   4 for 5 of

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘Although it may not always make headline news’ 2 False. ‘police officers have started visiting schools to advise young people … on the streets.’ 3 True. ‘they ought to avoid making calls in the street’ 4 False. ‘the 10–15 age group is most at risk’ 5 False. ‘in my opinion at least, it seems sensible to learn selfdefence early’

is being carried has been done was being shown must have been presented had been switched

2 a It is said that that doctors have improved their operating skills in recent years. b Operating skills are said to have improved in recent years.



3 a It is said that a great flu epidemic is predicted. b A great flu epidemic is said to be predicted.

4 1 Robert had his hair cut yesterday. 2 William has already had his bike fixed. 3 Amy has had her bathroom painted. 4 Jo is going to have her eye checked tomorrow. 5 Will Brian have his car washed later?

5 1 diagnose   2 operate 3 transplant   4 immune system 5 fever

6 1 dizzy   2 effects   3 round 4 after   5 cold

7 1 incurable   2 painful 3 hopeless   4 unavoidable 5 harmless

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘Researchers in California believe that cure may have been found.’

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

Tests (STANDARD) answer key

2 False. ‘The problem was that no one knew how they managed to stay immune.’ 3 False. ‘the development of a vaccine is only a first step’ 4 True. ‘the newly discovered antibodies target a completely new region of the HIV virus’

2 1 with caution   2 immune 3 isolated   4 infect 5 variants

3 1 … one of the greatest challenges in modern medical science. 2 … isolate two antibodies that can be used to stop many of the HIV virus’s forms. 3 … do some careful testing to see if people in the general population can produce protective antibodies. 4 … it has so many forms that it’s difficult to attack all of them.

4 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 4 1 1 wouldn’t work 2 would you give 3 will ruin   4 were 5 won’t go    6  would she find

2 1 … I would have known what the film was about. 2 … she would have had time for breakfast. 3 … he wouldn’t have failed the exam. 4 … if he hadn’t lost his wallet. 5 … if they had had something to eat.

3 1 provided that   2 even if 3 As long as   4 unless 5 Even if

4 1 didn’t   2 didn’t 3 had   4 had   5 wouldn’t

5 1 purchase   2 turnover 3 take back   4 profitable 5 stores

6 1 gave   2 saving   3 used 4 borrowed   5 spent

7 1 preference   2 consumerism 3 popularity   4 attraction

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘online shopping has become more popular’ 2 True. ‘consumers are now looking for lower prices and these can usually be found on the internet’

Photocopiable

3 False. ‘If you ask experts in the retail industry, they all say the same thing, and that is that online shopping will continue to increase its market share.’

2 1 … the economic downturn has affected their spending power. 2 … will go down as big retailers won’t want to spend a lot on building new stores. 3 … they are comfortable with and knowledgeable about the internet.

3 1 undermined   2 bargains 3 intense   4  rivalry 5 keener

4 1 The economic downturn has meant that people have less money to spend and shopping online is cheaper. 2 Major companies are spending more money on developing online shopping and less money on new stores. 3 They may be taken over by highstreet giants like Wal-Mart.

5 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 5 1 1 ‘I won’t go to your party,’ said Sarah. 2 ‘You have to wear a suit,’ said John. 3 ‘Where did you find the wallet?’ asked Danny. 4 ‘Are you going to play football later this afternoon?’ asked Sally. 5 ‘Don’t lean on the glass,’ said Frank.

2 1 Donna asked us if we had been waiting long. 2 Grant asked where she had left the car. 3 He told us he was going to work harder. 4 Felicity said she couldn’t swim very well. 5 Phil asked if Sophie knew my parents.

3 1 Paul said he had been there the night before. 2 Anna said she hoped we would enjoy the party the following day. 3 Dan said he had lost his watch the previous day. 4 Grant asked where I had left the car that morning. 5 Mark asked how my parents would get here.

4 1 Ian asked Emma to bring her bag. 2 Colin suggested ordering a takeaway. 3 My dad told my sister to do her homework.

5 1 Jo apologized for losing my dog. 2 Janice advised me to go on a diet. 3 Ivan warned the tourists to wear a helmet. 4 Philippa admitted not having any money. 5 Tom agreed to buy me a ticket.

6 1 rent   2 set off   3 hitchhike 4 towel   5 airfare   6 travelogue

7 1 multi   2 over   3 under 4 re   5  extra   6 inter

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘actually you can go places on surprisingly little’ 2 False. ‘loads of guidebooks available and hundreds of webpages of advice out there, there really is no excuse for not being well prepared’ 3 True. ‘choose the one with the cheaper flight, and that’s Mexico’ 4 True. ‘eat local food rather than heading for the nearest McDonald’s’ 5 False. ‘Don’t lighten your wallet and weigh down your backpack with pointless ornaments.’

2 1 cosy   2 loads   3 expense 4 off the beaten track    5  tip

3 1 a   2 b   3 c 4 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 6 1 1 who   2 where   3 which 4 whose   5 when

2 1 Grant lives in a house in the country which doesn’t have any running water. 2 I’ll always remember the summer’s day when I first met Marta. 3 Joanne works in a dental surgery where they carry out a lot of new techniques. 4 I know a baker whose bread tastes absolutely fantastic. 5 Dan is an interpreter who works for the United Nations in New York.

3 1 Gary is a good-looking boy I met while I was on holiday. D 2 My grandmother is only 50 years old, which is still quite young really. ND

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135

Tests (STANDARD) answer key

3 I had never met anyone who talked so much before. D 4 We travelled on a steam train, which was fun. ND 5 Roberta wore a lovely cotton dress which her mother had made. D

4 1 Art is a subject about which he knows a lot. 2 To whom were you talking? 3 That’s the book about which I was telling you. 4 Peter Grove is the manager for whom I used to work. 5 Kelly is someone of whom I have a low opinion.

5 1 outgoing   2 dishonesty 3 trait   4 career   5 apathy

6 1 initiative   2 integrity 3 reluctance   4 dishonesty 5 strength

7 1 deal with    2  go with the flow 3 put up   4 save up   5 earn

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘Our pockets would be full of coins by the end of lunchtime.’ 2 False. ‘starting their own bicycle repair service. However, nothing came of any of those ideas’ 3 False. ‘make money by charging high-street retailers to advertise products on their webpages’ 4 False. ‘he lives simply’

2 1 turnover   2 a whizz 3 entrepreneurial   4 go it alone 5 bothered about

3 1 … computer games and surfing the net. 2 … buying sweets from a local shop then selling them at a higher price in the playground. 3 … they get discounts and special offers. 4 … on investing in his business.

4 1 He enjoys computer games and surfing the net, and he has developed good computer skills needed to design his own websites. 2 It charges high-street retailers to advertise products on its webpages, and customers sign up and buy products through the websites.

5 Students’ own answers.

End-of-term test 1 1 1 didn’t set   2 hadn’t seen 3 has lost   4 hasn’t swum 5 didn’t last   6 has had 7 did they buy    8  had forgotten 9 have you known   10  had made

2 1 met   2 had missed 3 had been painting   4 hasn’t written   5 have you broken 6 has been staying    7  has lost 8 didn’t know

3 1 Susie has been staying in the guesthouse since Monday. 2 Joanna hasn’t bought that new coat yet. 3 They haven’t been playing football all afternoon. 4 Matt has just got home from work. 5 We haven’t known Samantha very long.

4 1 shouldn’t put   2 can’t be 3 has to wear 4  doesn’t have to go 5 might win   6 needn’t call 7  have to put

5 1 has to   2 should   3 can’t 4 could   5 needn’t

6 1 They needn’t/don’t have to get up very early. 2 Paul must have gone to bed by now. 3 Stuart has to work on Sunday mornings. 4 Karen can’t be at work. She’s at home. 5 We can’t/mustn’t use a dictionary in the exam. 6 The weather might be better tomorrow. 7 Penny should save more of her pocket money. 8 We mustn’t run in the corridors. 9 You should wear a scarf on a chilly day. 10 Peter needn’t/doesn’t have to get a part-time job.

7 1 Gary shouldn’t have stayed up late last night. 2 Sarah must have left school early this morning. 3 Ruth can’t have seen the film. 4 Harry ought not to have spoken to the strangers. 5 Sue needn’t have taken a taxi.

8 1 transition   2 news flash 3 cold-hearted   4 court 5 verdict 136

9 1 in   2 for   3 of   4 about 5 down

10 1 c   2 e   3 b   4 a   5 d 11 1 culprit   2 alerts 3 social factors   4 victim 5 circulation

12 1 to buy   2 to send   3 eating 4 meeting   5 to say

Reading and writing 1 1 a   2 c   3 c 2 1 laughing stock   2 terrace 3 turned up   4 spotted 5 predicament

3 1 True. ‘he caught the shoelaces of one of his trainers in the top of the window frame’ 2 False. ‘realizing that Joe had been attempting to break out of the house with stolen goods’ 3 False. ‘Joe did his best to get the owner to release him, claiming that he had spotted someone else trying to burgle the house’ 4 True. ‘at first, had thought that her neighbours were having home repairs carried out’

4 Joe argued that he had tried to stop a burglar who he had seen breaking into the house. In truth, he had been trying to burgle the house when he got his laces caught in the window.

5 Students’ own answers.

End-of-term test 2 1 1 went   2 hasn’t found 3 had seen    4  have you visited 5 hasn’t gone

2 1 Sally has just got home this minute. 2 How long have you been waiting here? 3 James has not seen any good films recently 4 Gareth has just broken his leg. 5 Sue had been crying for 20 minutes before someone asked if she was OK.

3 1 A Mayan temple has recently been excavated in the forest. 2 Interesting art work is being designed for the exhibition. 3 The bins are all going to be emptied. 4 Your key may have been lost when you were dancing. 5 The classroom was being tidied when I arrived.

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

Tests (STANDARD) answer key

4 1 haven’t been found    2   will be

3 1 thrill   2  butt   3  exploit

built   3 is being served    4 was invented   5 should be removed

4 prone to   5 disorder

5 1 must   2 shouldn’t   3 can’t 4 has to   5 needn’t

6 1 It is said that the weather is getting worse. 2 Global warming is said to be inevitable. 3 It is said that the campaigners’ actions will have a big effect on people’s health in the next few years. 4 It is said that the rise in profits from online shopping is going to continue. 5 It is predicted that the new vaccine will soon be available for everyone.

7 1 Tanya had/got her nails manicured yesterday. 2 Tom has had his library card renewed. 3 Tony has had his hair cut. 4 Did Susan have/get her carpet cleaned? 5 Vera had/got her fortune told.

8 1 I would have bought something in the sales yesterday if I had had any money with me. 2 We will go for a picnic later as long as it doesn’t rain. 3 If Robert hadn’t fallen asleep, he would have enjoyed the film. 4 I think Sandy will fail the exam unless she studies a bit more! 5 If Peter hadn’t done so much work, he wouldn’t be so tired.

9 1 I wish I didn’t feel lonely. 2 If only he wasn’t noisy. 3 I wish we had a ticket. 4 I wish she was well. 5 If only he would stop talking.

10 1 give   2 felt   3 had 4 rip   5  haggling

11 1 of   2 down   3 about 4 over   5  out   6  out   7 up 8 off   9  round    10 back

12 1 juror   2 borrow   3 dizzy 4 painless   5 second hand

Reading and writing 1 1 b   2 c   3 d   4 c 2 1 … if you buy lots of things you never use. 2 … making a joke about it. 3 … they are less likely to ask for help, and are often called ‘collectors’. Photocopiable

4 Students’ own answers.

End-of-term test 3 1 1 How long have you been sitting here? 2 Rebecca had been listening to the radio just before Ben walked in. 3 Claire hasn’t met any interesting people recently. 4 She has owned her own apartment since August. 5 Rob had already washed his car when we got back.

2 1 must   2 has to   3 needn’t 4 could   5 should

3 1 He must have swum really well yesterday. 2 She shouldn’t have got so angry. 3 David can’t have gone home yet because his bike is still outside. 4 He may have dropped it in the street. 5 Vera needn’t have brought any food to the party as there was plenty.

4 1 Prizes are being presented to the successful students. 2 All the letters are going to be posted tomorrow. 3 Janet’s bag may have been lost during the taxi journey home. 4 The old swimming pool has been closed down. 5 The station won’t be reached until midnight.

5 1 wouldn’t have finished 2 hadn’t spent   3 will win 4 doesn’t rain   5 had

6 1 The shop assistant asked us if we were looking for something. 2 Ruth said I should work harder. 3 Jim asked me when I had last seen Vera. 4 Fiona said she couldn’t see anything. 5 Ben told me he hadn’t done his homework.

7 1 Tanya said they had spent two nights there the weekend before. 2 Joe wondered whether they would catch their flight the following Sunday. 3 Fiona said she had broken her wrist the previous day.

9 1 whose   2 where   3 which 4 when   5 who

10 1 John, who is very friendly, is my neighbour. 2 The summer house, which belongs to my uncle, is situated on a lake. 3 We went for a long walk along the seashore, where it is really lovely. 4 Brad Hughes, whose brother is in my class, was chosen to represent his city in the competition. 5 At the top of a hill there’s an old house, which we drove past yesterday.

11 1 hop   2 of   3 effects   4 off 5 goods   6 fast   7 agent 8 for   9 tick    10 up

12 1 Mr Smith told Amanda to put her mobile phone away. 2 She advised the twins to watch less TV. 3 Jim apologized for forgetting to bring the tickets. 4 Debbie suggested going out later. 5 Jo asked Sally to clean the bathroom.

13 1 predictable   2 procedure 3 popularity   4 oversleep 5 strength

Reading and writing 1 1 True. ‘he beat thousands of applicants’ 2 True. ‘he hadn’t realized his face would be in every newspaper in Australia’ 3 False. ‘You’d expect someone in my position to have loads of qualifications’ 4 False. ‘I barely have enough time to work on my tan’ 5 False. ‘As global tourism figures continue to fall because of the worldwide economic downturn, Dan has to work hard to attract visitors to his little bit of paradise’

2 1 … putting together a video and being himself in interviews. 2 … get some publicity for the island as a place to go. 3 … he can help encourage diving companies to invest.

3 1 contender   2 merely 3 engage in   4 invest 5 smash

8 1 prescribe   2 lend   3 haggle 4 overspend   5 apathy 6 editor

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

137

Tests (STANDARD) answer key

4 It is Dan’s job to write a daily blog,

9 1 in   2 for   3 of   4 about

make videos and take photos to put online in order to advertise the place. He also has to engage in PR-related duties, including meeting politicians, 10 giving speeches, talking to tourism representatives and meeting 11 travellers from around the world.

5 Students’ own answers.

End-of-year-test 1 1 1 sold   2 has just found 3 had given    4  have they had 5 has just got

2 1 have been staying 2 have loved   3 hadn’t expected 4 have walked    5 have just been swimming 6 had forgotten 7 have always enjoyed    8 has been studying

3 1 Graham must be waiting at the bus stop. 2 Wayne may have lost the game yesterday. 3 You needn’t buy a ticket. 4 You mustn’t drive when drunk. 5 Dan should have done his homework.

4 1 Tomorrow, the letters will be sent to people all over the country. 2 Hundreds of loaves of bread are baked here every day. 3 Last week, Dave’s car was stolen from outside his house. 4 At this moment, my bike is being repaired in the shop across the road. 5 Claire hasn’t been given any money yet.

5 1 will   2 would / have   3 had 4 had   5 would

6 1 Rosalind said she hadn’t seen the documentary. 2 Penny told us not to sit on the sofa. 3 Amy asked me where she was going the following day. 4 Pam suggested having a picnic in the park that day. 5 Olive warned me not to go swimming at night. 6 Bruce asked me to hold the door open for him.

7 1 who   2 whose   3 which 4 when   5 where

8 1 affairs   2 effects   3 system 4 drinks   5 cream   6 trip 7 earn 138

5 out   6 after   7 up 8 for   9 with    10 up 1 a   2 b  3 a  4 c  5 a 6 a  7 b  8 a  9 c  10 c 1 newsreader   2 fine   3 organ 4 holiday-makers 5 spontaneous

12 1 cast   2 cast   3 spoken 4 hitting   5 ache   6 pack 7 seers   8 fare

Reading and writing 1 1 b  2 c  3 b 2 1 According to the text, tabloid journalism has an attentiongrabbing style, with witty and dramatic headlines, and condensed stories. 2 Russian journalists need training in tabloid journalism to learn how to write concise, attentiongrabbing stories with witty and dramatic headlines. 3 The editor is described as friendly, lively and talkative, but also articulate and enthusiastic. He looks like a bit of a tough guy with his broken nose and muscular frame.

3 1 notorious   2 look-a-like 3 aspiring   4 roughly 5 a far cry from

4 Students’ own answers.

End-of-year test 2 1 1 has already left    2  has lost 3 went   4 hadn’t seen   5 lived

2 1 Rory has played tennis twice this week. 2 Wendy has just broken her watch. 3 Has Sue seen the film yet? 4 Gordon has been doing his homework all morning. 5 I had been jogging for ten minutes when I slipped and fell.

3 1 will go    2  would you have done 3 wants   4 had said 5 would help   6 don’t know 7 like   8 were   9 had lost 10 will they wear

4 1 Thousands of pizzas are delivered every day. 2 Tina’s glasses have been broken. 3 I had my car cleaned yesterday. 4 The post is being delivered at this moment. 5 Prizes were being presented to the students.

5 1 ought to   2 needn’t   3 might 4 have to   5 mustn’t

6 1 Sam asked what time I had got up that morning. 2 Steve said he hadn’t managed to call Frank yet. 3 Ray told us not to shout so much. 4 Pam suggested going walking in the mountains. 5 Marianne asked me to close the window for her.

7 1 Harry Smith, whose parents run the newsagent’s shop, lives at the corner of the street. 2 Mahogany is a type of wood which grows in tropical forests. 3 Cambridge is an attractive town where there are a lot of university buildings. 4 My brother, who works for a major financial corporation, is a millionaire. 5 The guy whose bike is blocking the path should go and move it.

8 1 point   2 hop   3 system 4 poisoning   5 hand   6 bag 7 rate   8 tick

9 1 debates   2 hop   3 suspect 4 suffer   5 purchase

10 1 down   2 to   3 about   4 of 5 round   6 up   7 back 8 between   9 about    10 with

11 1 journalist   2 burgle 3 remedy   4 sightseers 5 bargain   6 indecisive

12 1 pages   2 lines   3 headed 4 minded   5 estimated 6 side   7 makers   8 book 9 going    10 line

Reading and writing 1 1 c   2 b    2 1 tackling   2 reckless 3 ex-pats   4  jet off 5 rose-tinted

3 1 True. ‘a sudden lifestyle change can affect their health and happiness. Expatriate life can be isolating’ 2 True. ‘some personality types are not suited to tackling such changes’ 3 False. ‘It’s important to make friends locally with people from the new culture and with fellow ex-pats’

4 Students’ own answers.

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Photocopiable

1

Unit test (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 William

the verbs in the box. (receive) the form in the post

yesterday but he

(just / open) in the

shopping centre. Fiona and Ben

(see)

(not know) Emma for very long but (already / have) some great nights you

(watch) on TV

yesterday evening?

room all that morning. outside

for ages. 3 Harry

away all the plates before going

4 That was Wendy’s first day skiing and already she over twice.

you 5 How long

(see) Pop Idol? It was great. 5 How long

the living

out. The kitchen was completely tidy.

out together. 4 What

1 He was covered in paint. He 2 She was cold because she

a great film there last Monday. we

fall  ​paint  ​sit  ​clear  ​stand

(not fill) it in yet.

2 A new cinema

3 I

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

she

(own)

that car? I can’t believe she

(not sell)

it when Jack offered her a thousand euros for it. 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

2 Circle the correct alternatives.

there when Kate and Don

finally arrived? You must have been freezing! 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /10

5 Write a word for each definition. 1 to change from one channel to another 2 to make simple and stupid

1 We’ve heard this song for a long time/many

3 a time when everything changed 4 a period in history

times/since this morning. 2 Have you called Tim yet/just/still?

5 a short report of a breaking news story

3 John’s been online about three hours ago/for

3 marks for each correct answer

about three hours/when I called. 4 Amanda has already/ever/yet finished her homework. 5 Graham has been driving his car all morning/

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Have you remembered

(buy) tickets

for the concert?

yesterday morning/twice. 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

3 Write sentences using the prompts.

2 I forgot

(record) the programme last

night. 3 He stopped

1 Emily / not open / all her Christmas presents / yet.

(listen) to music and did

his homework. 4 I remember

(go) to the theatre for the

first time.

2 I / just / lose / my wallet.

3 marks for each correct answer

3 How long / she / wait / here?

Score  ​  ​/12

7 Complete the sentences with the correct words.



1 I often

4 Susan / watch DVDs / all afternoon.

the headlines of the morning

newspaper to see if there is any interesting news.



2 I prefer reading

5 I / have / this watch / since 2008.

because I love

scandalous gossip about celebrities.

6 Miriam / already / wash / all the dishes.

3 Conditions in factories was one of the social that resulted in the rise of socialism.

7 Dan / redecorate his bedroom / since lunchtime.

4 I tuned

to my favourite radio

programme.

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/28

5 The prime minister held a press

to tell

journalists about her policies. 3 marks for each correct answer

Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​ /15

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Score  ​  ​/15 139

1

unit test (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The rise of the tabloid



A The word ‘tabloid’ was first used in 1901 to describe a newspaper that had been condensed to roughly half the extent of a normal broadsheet. Inevitably, abbreviated news stories became the norm in these new tabloids, and before long their content blatantly began to appeal to their readers’ desire for increasingly scandalous human-interest stories. We have been using the term ‘tabloid’ ever since to refer to sensationalist journalism. Ironically, in Britain, quality broadsheet newspapers such as The Times have all radically changed over the years so that now they tend to be a bit thicker but no larger than their downmarket ‘popular’ rivals. B For years, many people have been hurling abuse at tabloids for only telling one side of a story, for turning serious and vital social or political stories into a lurid headline, leaving their readers ill-informed or misled, and for intruding into the private lives of celebrities and ordinary people in a way that is cruel and exploitative. Tabloid journalism has been blamed for running negative stories on subjects such as immigration and crime



which have encouraged narrow-minded opinions. And people have pointed to the death of Princess Diana (who died in a car crash while being chased by tabloid journalists) as an example of how media intrusion can destroy people’s lives.

C On the other hand, over the last century, the popular press has only been dishing out stories and gossip that the general public have clearly expressed a wish to read. It’s an inescapable fact that most people want to read thrilling stories about sex, crime and disaster, not in-depth articles and debates about current affairs. Isn’t it true that tabloids merely reflect our tastes and interests? Perhaps it is hypocritical to attack their content while secretly enjoying reading their stories. Tabloids claim, with some justification, to be the eyes and voice of ordinary people, to express what many of us are really thinking. Their intrusive journalism makes sure that leaders and politicians stay honest and accountable, and they influence politics by letting politicians know which issues are really important to their readers.

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers.

1 made smaller. 2 criticizing very strongly and angrily.

1 The first tabloids were the same size as normal

3 shocking and horrible.

newspapers.

4 invading someone’s privacy.



5 giving or producing.

2 These days, broadsheets are often the same size

2 marks for each correct answer

as tabloids.

4 Answer the questions in your own words.



1 How were tabloids different to broadsheets in the

3 One criticism levelled at tabloids is that their

early twentieth century?

reporting is biased.



4 Tabloids avoid in-depth articles on economics

2 What are the negative ways in which tabloid journalism can affect its readers?

because their readers don’t like them.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /20

.

2 Tabloids mislead readers by

.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

topics. Write between 120–150 words.

1 The sort of stories found in a tabloid are

5 marks for each correct answer

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following

2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

140

Score  ​  ​/10

Score  ​  ​/10

1 What sort of news stories do you read and why? 2 ‘Tabloid journalism is a good thing to have in a modern democracy.’ Discuss. 50 marks

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Score  ​  ​/50 Photocopiable

1

unit test (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 Early twentieth-century tabloids were …



a slightly smaller than normal broadsheets.



b put together more roughly than traditional papers.



5 Some people have attacked tabloids for …

c composed of shorter articles than

Princess Diana.



broadsheets.



d only half the width of a typical newspaper.



a appeared in the very first issues of the



b didn’t appear until a long time had passed.

original tabloids. c started to appear shortly after tabloids were



d had already been developed by a number of

disaster …



articles.



c because that’s what their readers show an interest in.



d even though their readership would prefer indepth reporting.

7 A feature of tabloid stories is that they are …

b they take up radical political viewpoints.



c they have roughly the same number of d they have a comparable ‘tabloid’ size and shape.

a being too objective and refusing to take sides.



b not covering important political stories at all.



d not approaching their job seriously.

c publishing articles that don’t provide all the

a often very detailed. b sometimes hypocritical. c truthful about the economy. d generally very exciting.

8 Tabloids have an effect on political affairs because

4 Tabloids are often criticized for …



b despite strong public objections to their

a they publish similarly ironic news stories.

articles.



a because they have a social and political duty to do so.

tabloids in that …



d encouraging criminals by reporting their

6 Tabloids produce stories about crime and

broadsheets. 3 These days, British broadsheets are similar to

c not having enough stories about crime or

actions.

invented.



b the way they don’t respect people’s privacy. immigration.

2 The type of human-interest article typical of modern tabloids …

a failing to investigate what happened to

they …



a are very honest about politics and politicians. b make sure people in politics are exposed if they are corrupt.



c put forward issues politicians want to



d take up strong political stances.

facts.

express. 5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What sort of news stories do you read and why? 2 ‘Tabloid journalism is a good thing to have in a modern democracy.’ Discuss. 60 marks

Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​ /60

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141

2

Unit test (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with modal verbs. 1 Rachel

5 Read the sentences and write responses using modal perfects and the prompts in brackets, beginning as shown.

worry about things so much.

It isn’t good for her. 2 I

1 Tom won the race. (run really fast)

wear a tie every day. It’s a rule.

3 David

I’m sure he

eat meat if he doesn’t want to.

4 Swimmers

2 Zack regrets shouting at Louise. (shout at her)

wear goggles but it’s a

He

good idea. 5 Tom

stairs)

trouble with the teacher. Score  ​  ​ /5

We

.

2 Students aren’t permitted to use phones in class. Students

.

3 It’s possible that Jill will come to Joe’s birthday party. Jill

.

4 I advise you to get a part-time job. .

5 Ryan is obliged to take his medicine twice a day. Ryan

. Score  ​  ​ /20

3 Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verbs. left on

an earlier train. paid for the tickets yesterday.

We had plenty of money to pay for them ourselves. 4 My advice is that you

go home now if

you feel ill. 5 I

.

5 Emily and Tim aren’t at home now. (go to the cinema) I’m not certain but they

. Score  ​  ​/25

5 marks for each correct answer

6 Complete the sentences with the correct 1 He’s so

-

. He always

stays calm in a crisis! 2 She is very

-

. She

knows what she wants and works hard to get it. 3 Tom is

-

. He works hard

to help people in his local community. 4 It was a

drink and drive in Spain.

3 John

4 Rebecca is the best student in the class. (do badly

compound words.

You

2 Sue isn’t at the station so she

.

That’s why she

1 It isn’t necessary to wear a shirt.

1 You

I don’t know how. She in the exam)

2 Rewrite the sentences with modal verbs.

4 marks for each correct answer

.

3 Penelope broke her arm yesterday. (fall down the

do his homework or he’ll be in

1 mark for each correct answer

.

-

report. It

criticized a lot of people for their poor performance. 5 Jane is

-

. She has no

feelings for people who have problems. Score  ​  ​ /15

3 marks for each correct answer

7 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

give a statement before the police

convicted him. 2 marks for each correct answer

1 I’m not aware

any reason why we

can’t catch the late bus home. Score  ​  ​/10

2 Philip is angry 3 Joe is addicted

4 Write a word for each definition. 1 capture a person and ask for money for their safe return 2 one of a group of 12 people who decide if someone is guilty at a trial

missing the train. chocolate.

4 This café isn’t suitable

young

children. 5 Tim is jealous

Kate.

2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

3 a person in court who organizes everyone during a trial 4 interested in knowing things 5 listen to the evidence at a trial 3 marks for each correct answer 142

Score  ​  ​/15

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2

unit test (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

Combating crime against young people



A Although barely registering in recent headlines, spiralling crime rates against young children and teenagers has caused considerable anxiety across much of the country. That’s what has sparked many local authorities to start implementing safety initiatives to make young people more aware of the need for personal safety and self-defence skills. While the media has categorized the actions of local authorities as belated and forced upon them by circumstances, these initiatives have been broadly welcomed and supported. B Police sources have been at pains to point out that the vulnerability of young people to assault is a by-product of the wealthy, materialistic society in which we live. Previous generations did not possess the expensive gadgetry of today and were thus relatively immune to attack as they weren’t carrying around anything of interest to a thief. That is clearly no longer the case with today’s tech-savvy generation. That’s why, as part of the safety initiative, police officers have started visiting schools to advise young people on simple procedures that may make them safer out on the streets. They shouldn’t carry

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 The press has recently been highlighting the rise in crime against teenagers on their front pages. 2 The police are targeting muggers inside schools. 3 It’s a bad idea to phone people while walking along the street.

any expensive items unless absolutely necessary, and they ought to avoid making calls in the street or in public places where it might be easy for a mugger to snatch a phone. Keeping phones and music players safely in a bag while on the move may seem obvious, but it’s something many people fail to do. C Other initiatives are more controversial, including a decision to start enrolling children as young as seven on self-defence courses with the aim of making them better able to cope with an attack by a mugger. As the 10–15 age group is most at risk, it may be premature to target such young children, and a majority of parent groups have expressed concern. Indeed, various local newspapers have taken it on themselves to campaign against selfdefence courses in primary schools. However, in my opinion it seems sensible to learn self-defence early. Being able to defend yourself surely makes sense when there is a clear threat out there. Moreover, organizers of the self-defence courses point out that the emphasis is on how to avoid personal injury, rather than on how to attack your attacker.

2 Complete the sentences in your own words. 1 Local authorities have introduced safety initiatives for young people because

.

2 According to the organizers, the aim of self-defence courses for children is to

.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

4 Seven-year-olds are being taught self-defence because they are the most likely target for muggers.

1 hardly. 2 rising rapidly. 3 caused to act. 4 knowledgeable about technology.

5 The writer agrees with most parent groups on the issue of teaching self-defence to young kids.

5 too early. 3 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /15

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/25

topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 How can young people keep safe? 2 ‘The media create a fear of crime by constantly reporting it.’ Discuss. 50 marks

Photocopiable

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Score  ​  ​/50 143

2

unit test (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 According to the text …



these days.



b crimes against the young are under control.



a don’t look after their belongings properly.



c have more things on them that are worth

2 Rising crime rates have resulted in … a a lot of coverage in tabloid newspapers. b concern among the broader community. c a lack of action by local authorities. d unrest among young people.

3 The media consider the actions of local authorities

stealing.



a appropriate. b inadequate. c circumstantial. d hard to implement.



d a policy that’s obviously failed.

a the writer of the article. b some newspapers. c only a small percentage of parents. d some local authorities.

seven-year-olds is that …

a done something about the problem much



b noticed that crime against teenagers was c been better able to defend themselves



measures.

b they are the children in most danger of attack.



against criticism. d considered implementing different safety

a it will enable them to attack anyone who assaults them.

headline news.



c a good way of avoiding a mugging.

8 An argument in favour of teaching self-defence to

sooner.



b an impractical thing to do.

7 Teaching self-defence to seven-year-olds is

have …



a something most young people do.

opposed by …

4 According to the media, local authorities should



d live in a society where there is more crime.

6 Not using your phone while in the streets is …

to be …



b are less aware of crime in the street than young people once were.

d teenagers are increasingly victims of violent crime.



than young people in the past because they …

c the police have barely had time to register all the crimes.



5 Young people today are more likely to be mugged

a young people are committing more crimes

c their parents will feel more confident if they have these skills.



d it may enable young people to avoid getting badly hurt in an assault.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 How can young people keep safe? 2 ‘The media create a fear of crime by constantly reporting it.’ Discuss. 60 marks

144

Score  ​  ​ /60

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Photocopiable

3

Unit test (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

4 Rewrite the sentences using have/get something

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

done.

switch  ​do  ​show  ​present  ​find  ​ carry out

1 Somebody cut Robert’s hair yesterday.

1 In my opinion, a cure for cancer

one

2 Somebody has already fixed William’s bike.

day soon.

by two

2 At the moment, the operation

3 Some people have painted Amy’s bathroom.

top surgeons.

to fix the roof yet.

3 Nothing

4 A doctor is going to check Jo’s eye tomorrow.

4 When I switched on the TV, a funny movie



. I decided to start watching it.

5 Will somebody wash Brian’s car later?

5 Most of the music awards must



already. ‘fasten seatbelts’ sign 3 marks for each correct answer

5 Write a word for each definition.

off. Score  ​  ​/18

2 Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning as shown. Omit the agent where possible.

sweet and sour .

A new gene 2 The band released their exciting new greatest hits

.

Their new album 3 Wendy is teaching music to the younger students.

.

Music 4 He could have broken his neck on that trampoline.

.

His neck 5 Someone is going to recycle all the newspapers.

.

The newspapers

5 what you have when your head hurts Score  ​  ​ /10

2 marks for each correct answer

album last weekend.

Score  ​  ​/20

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1 I hit my head and now I feel

. .

2 This medicine has some side 3 A few hours after the operation, Liam came and opened his eyes.

me very well.

4 The nurses looked

– his temperature was

5 Jack had a

really high – so he went straight to bed. Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

3 Rewrite the sentences in two different ways, beginning as shown.

7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

1 Today’s newspaper says that global warming is getting worse. a It

.

b Global warming

.

2 Some say that recovery after treatment has

avoid  ​pain  ​hope  ​predict  ​cure 1 Some diseases are

. We have no

medicines to fight them.

improved in recent years. a It

.

b Recovery

.

3 People say that a great flu epidemic is inevitable. a It

.

b A great

.

Photocopiable

2 to lose consciousness 4 a sense that allows you to differentiate between

hair growth.

4 marks for each correct answer

1 a noise you make with your throat when you are ill

3 something that doesn’t hurt at all

1 Scientists have discovered the gene that controls

4 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /20

4 marks for each correct answer

6 We were able to walk round the plane after the

Score  ​  ​/12

operation. It hurt a lot.

2 It was a very

surgeon. I hate to see blood.

3 I’d be a

4 If you’re learning to do something new, mistakes are

. You’ll definitely make some.

5 The accident was

. No one thought it

would happen. 2 marks for each correct answer

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Score  ​  ​/10 145

3

unit test (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

A vaccine for aids



A For decades, finding a cure for AIDS, one of the world’s most deadly diseases, has been akin to a search for the Holy Grail. Consequently, the excitement generated by the realization that a cure may have actually been found by a disparate group of researchers, many of them California-based, is understandable. They have recently had their research published in a leading scientific journal, and, although the potential breakthrough is being treated with caution at the moment, it’s created a sense of hope and excitement in equal measure among the world’s medical research community. B For a number of years, it has been well known that a tiny percentage of people are actually immune to the HIV virus that leads to AIDS, and this has raised the likelihood that their antibodies must hold the key to developing a vaccine. The problem was that no one could work out how they managed to stay immune. However, the Californian researchers have finally made the breakthrough. Two antibodies have been isolated, and it has been proved that these antibodies can be used to stop a high percentage of the HIV virus’s many different forms.

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Californian researchers are certain they have found

D There have been many attempts to develop a vaccine before, of course, but what is exciting about this new research is that the antibodies have targeted a completely new region of the HIV virus – a region that is known to infect our cells and to be similar in most variants of the virus. This is important because, unlike previous attempts at vaccines, it means that the new vaccine can be used to target almost all types of the virus, not just one. The HIV virus has defeated science for so long because it has taken so many forms that it’s difficult to track it down. At last, this problem may have been solved.

3 Complete the sentences in your own words. 1 Finding a cure for AIDS has been

.

2 The breakthrough the Californian researchers made

the cure for AIDS.

.

was to

2 For quite a while, scientists have understood why some people are immune to the HIV virus.

3 Having discovered the antibodies, researchers now .

need to 4 The reason why it’s been hard to cure the HIV virus

3 Although antibodies have been isolated, the

4 The newly-discovered antibodies act on a different part of the HIV virus to those previously tried out. 5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /20

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 1 similar to.

Score  ​  ​/20

4 Answer the question in your own words. Write between 25–50 words. In what ways is the new vaccine different from previous vaccines? 15 marks

Score  ​  ​/15

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

2 having resistance to a virus.

1 When was the last time you were ill? What were

3 discovered and separated.

your symptoms and how did you treat the illness?

4 aimed at.

2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of

5 different forms. 2 marks for each correct answer

.

is because 5 marks for each correct answer

vaccine hasn’t been developed yet.

146

C Naturally, the discovery of these antibodies and the development of a vaccine are only a first step. However, now there is a genuine expectation within the scientific community that the hard part has been achieved and it is only a matter of time and careful testing before we get to the point where people start developing an immunity to the virus. The next step is to see whether people in the general population who have been given the vaccine can actually start producing these protective antibodies themselves. The researchers will be watching closely.

using animals in medical research? Score  ​  ​ /10

35 marks

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Score  ​  ​/35 Photocopiable

3

unit test (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 The writer says of the discovery of a cure for AIDS

5 Before ordinary people can develop immunity to the

that …

HIV virus, the researchers need to …



a it’s hard to understand all the excitement.



c all of the main research took place in

b some researchers have been seeking a cure for many years. California.





d they have been looking for the Holy Grail at

tests.



discovery by …



a praising the discovery in a major scientific journal.





d feeling hopeful, excited and sure it’ll be a success.



a discovered that a small number of people are



b worked out that you didn’t need antibodies to be immune.



people.



d found out which antibodies could be used to produce a workable vaccine.

4 The text says that the ‘two antibodies’ …











c can cure all forms of the HIV virus currently known.



d have been produced in large numbers.

a attacks a part of the HIV virus that couldn’t b is effective against previously unknown forms of the HIV virus.



c destroys the most infected variants of HIV. d is the first time they’ve really tried to make a vaccine.

8 It has been so hard to find a cure for AIDS because …



a it has taken a long time to track down a successful research team.



b previous attempts at vaccines have tried to



c the HIV virus is elusive as it is capable of

attack too many HIV forms.

b are the first antibodies to be isolated in this way.

d see how the antibodies reproduce

be attacked before.

a have been shown to be effective in many cases.

c check if those vaccinated can produce

7 The new vaccine is special because it …

c were the first to realize you could make a vaccine from the antibodies of immune

b vaccinate some of the general population.

themselves.

immune to HIV.



a closely observe medical researchers.

antibodies.

3 The key to the researchers’ discovery is that they …



d do the difficult part which is testing the

6 The next step in this research is to …

and see.



c discover which antibodies are successful. vaccine.

b criticizing the work. c feeling quietly expectant but wanting to wait

b wait until the vaccine has been further developed.

the same time. 2 The scientific community has responded to the

a just wait and see what results come from the

mutating into lots of variants.



d research programmes probably haven’t been funded well enough.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 When was the last time you were ill? What were your symptoms and how did you treat the illness? 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using animals in medical research? 60 marks

Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​ /60

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147

4

Unit test (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

4 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

the verbs in brackets.

1 I feel very tired.

1 Penny hasn’t got much money. She

2 Elliot lives so far away.

need) the cash. you 3 You

3 Kevin didn’t take his medicine this morning.

(give) to charity if

.

If only he

(win) the lottery?

4 We don’t have any tickets.

(ruin) that dress if you

I wish we

(spill) coffee on it, so be careful. (be) you, I

4 If I

.

If only he

2 I know it’s unlikely but how much money you

.

I wish I (not

(not work) such long hours if she

5 Tina uses my hair brush all the time!

(buy) a

5 Write a word for each definition.

(start) raining later. 6 Sandy’s job is secure for now, but if she (lose) it, where

1 to keep money until you have enough to buy

she

something

(find) another one?

2 money a business has to spend day to day on Score  ​  ​ /12

4 used and not new

1 I didn’t read the book so I didn’t know what the film was about. .

If I

.

3 Tim didn’t study very hard so he failed the exam. .

If Tim 4 Daniel didn’t have any money because he lost his

.

5 The children were hungry because they didn’t have

1 David didn’t want his camera anymore so he gave it to one of his friends. all the tissue paper. Now we

2 Jo used

to the

3 Could you take this book library?

his old

4 My older brother passes

anything to eat. .

The children

Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

haven’t got any.

wallet. Daniel

5 to argue to get a lower price

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

2 Jo arrived late so she didn’t have time for lunch. If Jo

things like electricity 3 to charge an unfairly high price

2 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/25

5 marks for each correct answer

(not go) out if it

2 marks for each correct answer

.

I wish she

new bike. 5 Katy

.

Score  ​  ​/25

3 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1 Dear Sir, Our bank will return the money you have signed the form correctly. 2 No way will I go out! I wouldn’t go out

clothes to me. to the

5 Both students signed organization. 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. ​consumer  ​prefer  ​popular  ​attract

you agreed to take me to a trendy night club. 3

we follow this path, we’ll get back to the hostel. It’s definitely the right way.

2 I think

4 Amy is lazy. She doesn’t do any work you shout at her. That’s why you have to shout! 5

Simon finds the courage to ask Fiona out, she will still say no. Poor Simon!

2 marks for each correct answer 148

1 What’s your

– black or white? is good for the economy.

3 The

of this product is surprising.

4 The

of working shorter hours is clear

to everybody. 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/8

Score  ​  ​/10

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Photocopiable

4

unit test (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The future lies with online shopping



A Although the recent economic downturn has had a negative effect on high-street stores and shopping malls across the country, there has been one sector of the retail economy that seems to have gained from the recession, and that’s online shopping. As consumers have become increasingly concerned about comparing prices and finding bargains, the lower prices found on the internet have resulted in a huge growth in its share of the retail market. It’s true to say that if the spending power of ordinary consumers hadn’t been so seriously undermined by the slump, shoppers wouldn’t have diverted their attention from the high street to the computer screen in such numbers. However, they did, and it would appear to be a trend that is here to stay.



B Experts in the retail industry say that not only has the recession resulted in a rapid increase in online sales, but that it is likely that online shopping will continue to increase its market share. And it’s not only the renewed frugality of shoppers that has shaped this change. Retailers, including some of the biggest companies in Europe and the USA, are no

C Another factor that will no doubt affect the rise of online shopping is the emergence of a generation of grown-ups who are comfortable with and knowledgeable about using the internet to shop. Today’s teenagers are used to doing everything online, and as they grow up, start families, and start earning, they’ll be keener than their parents to shop online.

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?

longer keen to spend millions on building new stores when it is so much more cost effective to advertise and sell their products online. Consequently, they are diverting more and more of their profits into developing the technology required to run and advertise online shopping sites. If they continue to do this, not only will online shopping be easier, faster and cheaper but, once the economy improves, it will start to look more attractive and exciting than wandering up and down the high street. Many experts predict an intense period of rivalry between retailers as high-street giants like the American company Wal-Mart try to wrestle online market share from successful, established players in the internet market such as Amazon.

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

Quote words from the text to support your answers.

1 part or area. 2 fall in the economy. (3 words)

1 The online retail sector has suffered from the

3 changed course.

recession like all other areas of retail.

4 care with money.



5 walking slowly.

2 Customers find that prices tend not to be so high

1 mark for each correct answer

online.

Score  ​  ​/5

4 Answer the questions in your own words.

3 Experts are divided as to whether online shopping

1 Why are customers shopping online more?

will continue to grow or not.





2 Why will shopping online be more attractive than

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

3 In what way might online stores change?

1 Customers are more interested in online bargains .

because 2 In the future, the number of new shops

.

3 Today’s teenagers will be more likely to shop online in the future because

.

5 marks for each correct answer

high-street shopping in the future?

Score  ​  ​/15

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /15

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of shopping online? 2 How do you shop? What do you buy online and what do you buy in the high street? Why? 50 marks

Photocopiable

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Score  ​  ​ /50 149

4

unit test (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 The weak economy has …



a not affected online shopping at all.



d had no effect on shopping malls.

b resulted in a fall in sales on the high street. c impacted on all sectors of the economy equally.

5 According to the text, major retailers …



a a wider choice of goods. b better value for their money. c to compare high-street shops. d more products to be online.



a the attention of consumers can be easily



b the entire shopping sector has shown huge

c need to build more outlets. d wish to be more involved in the online sector.

shopping websites … a are better funded.



b have more advertisements. c are easy to set up. d will be the same as now.

7 According to the text, the companies that run

3 Online shopping has benefited from the fact that …

b oppose major changes in the high street.

6 In the future, people shopping online will find that

2 According to the text, when the economy is weak, customers want …

a are being much more frugal.



online shopping websites …



a will continue to be successful.



c will probably fail to grow.

b may come under pressure from bigger

diverted. growth.



c goods appear much trendier when they are



d shoppers now feel they need to spend more

online. carefully.

companies. d may extend their operations into the high street. 8 Today’s teenagers will change shopping in the future because they will …



expect shoppers to …





a return to the same old habits. b stay with shopping on the internet.

b be more grown up in their approach to shopping.



c support the retail industry. d show faith in the high street.

a want to buy different things from people today.

4 Once the downturn in the economy is over, experts

c feel that the internet is a natural place to shop.



d earn more money than people do nowadays.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of shopping online? 2 How do you shop? What do you buy online and what do you buy in the high street? Why? 60 marks

150

Score  ​  ​ /60

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Photocopiable

5

Unit test (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Rewrite the sentences in direct speech.

4 Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

1 Sarah said she wouldn’t go to my party that

advise  ​admit  ​ apologize  ​warn  ​agree

evening.

1 ‘I’m sorry I lost your watch,’ said Carl.

2 John said that I had to wear a suit the following



Saturday.

2 ‘You ought to go on a diet,’ Janice told me.

3 Danny asked us if we had found his wallet.





3 ‘Wear a lifejacket,’ said Ivan to the tourists.

4 Frank told me not to touch his bike.





4 ‘I don’t have any money,’ said Philippa.

5 Paula said she hadn’t seen her sister the day

5 ‘I’ll buy you a ticket,’ said Tom.

before.



3 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

5 Write a word for each definition.

2 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

1 outside the normal school timetable

1 ‘Have you two been waiting here long?’ Donna

.

2 stand in line and wait 3 going between continents

2 ‘The children came home late last night.’ Rowan

Score  ​  ​ /15

3 marks for each correct answer

.

4 the canvas ‘house’ you sleep in at a campsite

3 ‘Where did she leave our car?’ Grant

.

5 to arrange a room in a hotel or a seat on a plane

.

6 a written record of events

4 ‘I’m going to work harder next month.’ Henry 5 ‘I can’t swim very well.’ .

6 ‘Do Sophie’s parents know where she is?’ Phil

.

7 ‘I was here last night.’

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words. come to our resort.

1 A lot of holiday 2 It’s hard to choose

Paul

.

8 ‘I hope you will enjoy the party tomorrow.’ Anna

Score  ​  ​/24

3 Write reported commands, requests and suggestions. Use appropriate reporting verbs. 1 ‘Bring your bag, please, Emma,’ said Ian.

the red one or the

blue one. 3 My back

.

3 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /18

3 marks for each correct answer

Felicity

was so heavy I couldn’t lift it.

4 I’ll pay

these.

5 Put on some sun

if you’re going to sit

in the sun for a long time.

7 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1 Eve is

lingual. She speaks five languages.

2 ‘Why don’t we order a takeaway!’ said Colin.

2 My alarm clock didn’t go off so I



3 We

3 ‘Don’t use that towel!’ said Joe.

Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

slept.

estimated how far it was. It took two

hours longer than expected to get there.



4 I love this place. We should

4 ‘Do your homework, Louise!’ said Dad.

5 I don’t think there are any



-visit it one day. -terrestrial life

forms out there.

3 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/12

6 This airport is for

national flights.

1 mark for each correct answer Photocopiable

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Score  ​  ​/6 151

5

unit test (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

How to travel on a shoestring A A friend of mine recently told me that she wanted to travel to exciting places around the world but that as a poor student she couldn’t afford to. I told her to think again. International travel may be the sort of thing that seems like an impossible daydream, especially when you look at your bank account and realize you can count the euros in it without using all your fingers and toes, but actually you can go places on surprisingly little, especially if you have a bit of imagination and don’t mind roughing it a bit. B In my opinion, one of the best parts of going on a trip to somewhere new is planning the trip. And today, with loads of guidebooks available and hundreds of webpages of advice that you can browse, there really is no excuse for not being well-prepared. If you’re low on funds, the first thing to realize is that the biggest expense of any longdistance trip is going to be the airfare. One friend asked me if she should go to Mexico or Guatemala for her holidays. My answer was simple – they’re both great, so go for the one with the cheaper flight, and that’s Mexico. You can fly direct to Mexico City from Europe, and there are lots of flights, but Guatemala, which is actually cheaper to stay and travel in once you get there, generally requires a transfer in the States. The point is, choose somewhere that’s inexpensive to get to. Not only 1 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 What factors should you take into account when choosing somewhere to go to on a budget? 2 What advice does the writer offer to student travellers? 3 Why is it a bad idea to purchase traditional souvenirs? Score  ​  ​ /15

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 1 staying in cheap, uncomfortable places.

3 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 It costs too much for poor students to travel. 2 Mexico is cheaper to get to than Guatemala. 3 Fast food often costs more than local food. 5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/20

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 Imagine you’re going on a trip abroad. Where would

2 not having much money.

you go and how would you plan the trip?

3 watch out for.

2 ‘All young people should take time out to travel

4 a place that few people go to.

before going to university.’ Discuss.

5 spend all your money.

152

D Oh, and another thing … My girlfriend asked me what she should get me as a souvenir the last time she headed off on holiday. I told her not to lighten her wallet or weigh down her backpack with pointless ornaments. Of course, she took no notice and got me something. But it’s still good advice. Why not send postcards or, better still, write a blog so friends and family can follow your adventure. That’s a much better souvenir than anything you can get in a tourist shop.

4 Buy souvenirs that don’t weigh too much.



3 marks for each correct answer

C As a young student, you should also consider taking advantage of discount cards that give you cheaper bus and train tickets, and staying in inexpensive accommodation aimed at young people like youth hostels. Another tip is to be alert for tourist traps, which are often expensive. Try to get to places off the beaten track, where the experience is more authentic and the prices are lower, travel to famous monuments by public transport rather than on tours laid on for tourists, and eat local food rather than heading for the nearest McDonald’s.





5 marks for each correct answer

that, but choose somewhere that’s cheap to travel and stay in, too. So, you may have always wanted to go to the USA, but remember that hotels and transport cost a lot compared to countries in Central and South America or South-East Asia.

Score  ​  ​ /15

50 marks

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Score  ​  ​/50

Photocopiable

5

unit test (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 The writer’s friend recently told him that …



a travelling to distant places was too expensive

5 In the writer’s opinion …



for her.



b she couldn’t afford the time to travel far.

Guatemala.



b it’s cheaper to travel around Guatemala than



c hotels in Mexico and Guatemala cost more or

c the price of travelling had risen a lot recently. d she’d prefer to concentrate on studying not

Mexico.

travelling. 2 The writer says about the cost of travelling that …



c you must check your bank account before d it is less pricey than many people think.

3 When planning international travel it is not important to …



a have money in your bank account.

4 The writer advises people to get information about their destination …



6 The writer advises against the USA as a destination because …



a on the internet.



d from a guide.

b it’s expensive to travel in. c it isn’t easy to plan a trip there. d flights to get there cost a lot.

a avoid youth hostels and find inexpensive local places to stay.



b save money by eating meals in well-known



c not use public transport which may be time-

fast food places. consuming.



d go to places that typical tourists rarely get to.

8 The writer advises young travellers to involve

b in a library. c at a tourist office.

a it’s hard to get a visa.

7 The writer advises student travellers to …

c have some imagination. d take time to plan where to go.

d flights to Mexico cost a little more than those to Guatemala.

b be prepared to stay in uncomfortable accommodation.





b it’s easy to imagine travelling cheaply. going.



less the same.

a it’s not easy to count up how much it will cost.

a Mexico is a nicer holiday destination than

friends and family in their trip by …



a encouraging them to help in the planning. b buying them really nice souvenirs. c keeping a blog describing the journey. d asking them to send postcards.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 Imagine you’re going on a trip abroad. Where would you go and how would you plan the trip? 2 ‘All young people should take time out to travel before going to university.’ Discuss. 60 marks

Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​ /60

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153

6

test (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. 1 Simon is a student

studies the same

2 We visited the old farmhouse

my cost over a bike was stolen

?

.

4 Peter Grove is the manager I used to work

yesterday? everybody

.

5 Kelly is someone I have a low opinion

started cheering. 2 marks for each correct answer



3 That’s the book I was telling you

thousand euros.

5 That was the moment

.

2 Who were you talking

uncle was born.

4 Do you know the girl

Then rewrite them to make them formal. 1 Art is a subject he knows a lot

subjects as I do.

3 Terence bought a bracelet

4 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

Score  ​  ​/10

2 Join the sentences using commas where necessary. Omit the relative pronoun if possible. 1 Grant lives in a house in the country. It doesn’t have

.

Score  ​  ​/25

5 marks for each correct answer

5 Write a word for each definition. 1 the opposite of willingness 2 flexible and good at changing to fit circumstances

any running water. 2 I’ll always remember the summer’s day. I first met

3 emotional and easily hurt 4 get paid to do your job

Marta then.

5 fail to catch the bus

3 Joanne works in my local dental surgery. They carry out a lot of new techniques there.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

4 I know a baker. His bread tastes absolutely fantastic.

1 Joy shows a lot of

. She’s good at

making decisions and doing things on her own.



2 Paul has a lot of

5 We walked as far as the ancient lighthouse. It was right on the edge of the sea.

reliable and can be trusted to do things right. certain

Score  ​  ​ /15

3 Read the sentences and decide if the relative clauses are defining (D) or non-defining (ND). Write commas where necessary. 1 Gary is a good-looking boy I met while I was on holiday. 2 Dan is an interpreter who works for the United Nations in New York. 3 My grandmother is only 50 years old which is still quite young really. 4 We travelled on a steam train which was fun. 5 Roberta wore a lovely cotton dress which her mother had made. 3 marks for each correct answer

. He is honest,

3 Nobody wanted to volunteer. They all showed a

3 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

3 marks for each correct answer

to take on the job.

4 I don’t like

. It’s important to tell the

truth. 5 Dan showed real

of character by

standing up to the bullies even though they were bigger than him.

7 Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1 I’ll deal

this customer.

2 Relax and go with the

. You can’t

change anything. 3 I don’t see why I should put

with

Jack’s rude and critical remarks. 4 I’m trying to save 5 How much do you

Score  ​  ​ /15

Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

to buy a new bike. each month in

your job? 2 marks for each correct answer

154

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Score  ​  ​/10 Photocopiable

6

unit test (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The teenage entrepreneur A A love of computer games and surfing the net may mark out 17-year-old Mark Bright as a typical teenager, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Mark is a shrewd businessman who is currently running an international company which employs six people and has a monthly turnover of 60,000 euros. B Mark has been a bit of a whizz at business ever since he and a friend made a profit from selling sweets to other pupils when they were at school. ‘We used to buy sweets from the local shop, then sell them with a mark-up in the playground,’ says Mark. ‘We were only 12 at the time. Our pockets would be full of coins by the end of lunchtime.’ The boys then envisaged other entrepreneurial schemes, including inventing their own type of sweets and starting their own bicycle repair service. However, nothing came of any of these ideas until they developed the computer skills needed to start their own website, which offered advice to school kids on subjects such as how to make friends or what to do about bullying. C The spark that really set Mark off on the road to success was when he decided to go it alone after his friend and partner jetted off for a new life in Australia. Inspired by a chance meeting with

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?

1 normal or usual. 2 clever and sharp-minded.

1 Mark’s first business enterprise, at the age of 12,

3 extremely good at.

wasn’t very successful.

4 idea or motivation.



5 a good profit.

2 For a time, Mark ran a bicycle repair service.

2 marks for each correct answer

3 Mark’s cashback company makes money by

1 What does Mark do with most of his profits?

Score  ​  ​/15

.

2 Customers sign up to Mark’s cashback websites because

2 How exactly does a cashback website work? 5 marks for each correct answer

1 Mark made money from selling sweets to his fellow pupils by



2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following

. . Score  ​  ​/15

1 What qualities are important in a successful entrepreneur? 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of buying things online? 50 marks

Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​/10

topics. Write between 120–150 words.

3 Mark spends most of the money he makes on 5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /10

4 Answer the questions in your own words.

charging customers to sign up.



D There are outgoings for Mark of course, notably the pay for his part-time staff and paying for the discounts he offers to website members. However, his profit is such that he could pay himself far more than the £1000 (1100 euros) a month salary he lives on. It isn’t much, considering he’s one of the wealthiest teenagers in Britain, but he lives simply with his girlfriend and her mother in a small house and prefers to plough his profits back into the business. He doesn’t own a car and is not interested in learning to drive or bothered about spending money on the typical teenage obsessions of clothes or going out. Perhaps the secret to being a success in business is to be single-minded and obsessed with making the enterprise work.

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

Quote words from the text to support your answers.

5 marks for each correct answer

somebody who was already making a huge profit from cashback websites, Mark decided to get involved in the sector himself. He set up a number of cashback websites in the UK, Germany and Sweden, which make money by charging high-street retailers to advertise products on their webpages. Once signed up, customers can buy products through the websites, the motive for joining being that they are offered discounts and special offers. The retailers get new customers, the customers get bargains, and Mark makes a tidy profit.

Upgrade Teacher’s Resource Book 2 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010. This page may be photocopied for use in class.

Score  ​  ​/50 155

6

unit test (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 According to the text, Mark is a typical 17-year-old because he …



a enjoys spending time on the internet. b designs computer games. c spends much of his time with his friends. d always does his homework.

5 As a business enterprise Mark has …



a currently owns a company that makes more b has to do a lot of international travel with his company.







d has had a good business brain since childhood.

3 In Mark’s first business venture he …



a ran the school sweet shop. b sold sweets on behalf of a nearby shop. c bought sweets, raised the price, then sold them at his school.



d made his own sweets and sold them to friends.

4 As a business scheme Mark did not consider …



a making his own sweets. b fixing bikes. c repairing computers.

d repaired things.

a decided to do a training course on how to set up cashback websites.



c doesn’t currently have any old business enterprises.

c advised people.

Mark …

money each month.



b taught computer skills.

6 Shortly before he started his first cashback website

2 Mark the businessman …



a invented something.

b lost his business partner. c organized a meeting with someone in the cashback website industry.



d visited Australia.

7 Cashback websites make money by …



a customers paying to sign up. b sellers paying to place advertisements. c taking a cut on every sale. d selling products at discounted prices.

8 With most of the money his companies make Mark …



a invests in his business enterprises. b pays himself a sizeable salary. c buys clothes and has a good time. d spends on his girlfriend.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

d starting a website.

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What qualities are important in a successful entrepreneur? 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of buying things online? 60 marks

156

Score  ​  ​ //60

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Photocopiable

end-of-term test 1 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

3 Write sentences using the prompts. Use

the verbs in brackets.

continuous forms if possible.

(decide) to get Ghost on DVD last

1 We night as Sue

1 How long / you / stay / at the campsite?

(not see) it before.

2 Jane

(lose) her key and can’t get in.

I’ve no idea when she 3 Louisa

2 We / be / here / since Monday.

(lose) it.

(not swim) in the pool yet

because she

3 What part of the holiday / you / enjoy / the most?

(not have) any time.

4 Yesterday’s match

(not last) very long.

Nadal

4 Well, I / try windsurfing / three times.

(win) easily.

5 My father

(have) his watch since

1966. It

(be) a gift from his father.

6 When

5 Really? What other sports / you / do / this week?

(they / buy) this boat and how

long

they

7 Jenny

2 marks for each correct answer

(have) it?

(feel) upset because earlier she

4 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

(forget) to send her mum a card. 8 How long

It’s up to you but I think it’s a bad idea.

seem to be good friends these days.

2 Who’s ringing at this time? It

(meet) at school?

9 I

3 Amy is a nurse, so she

(know) we would get hungry.

4 Rebecca

(not set) his alarm clock before going

5 Tim

win the competition if he enters

it. He has as good a chance as anybody else!

Score  ​  ​/20

6 Tony

2 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of

call Rosie but he can if he wants

to.

the verbs in brackets.

7 We

you

go to ballet classes if she

doesn’t want to.

to bed last night.

1 When

wear a

uniform when she’s working.

(wake) up late because he

2 marks for each correct answer

be

Dave. He hasn’t got a phone.

(make) sandwiches earlier because I

10 Roland

put so much sugar in your tea.

1 You

(you / know) Peter? You

you

Score  ​  ​ /10

(last / see)

put the ice cream in the fridge. It’ll

be a disaster if it melts.

Raymond?

1 mark for each correct answer

Last summer, in Barcelona.

Score  ​  ​/7

5 Complete the text with appropriate modal verbs.

2 Why did Fiona run back home? To pick up the purse she

(forget).

3 Why did Dan look so tired when he got here?

Next week is the school sports day. Everybody

Well, he

(1)

(paint) the bedrooms all day.

compete in it – it’s a school rule!

4 Why is Sally still upstairs?

I know that I (2)

She

for it but I’m too lazy. Don Wilson (3)

(not do) her homework. She’ll be

down soon.

lose in the 100 metres because he’s by far the best

5 How many times

(break) your leg?

runner in the school. In fact he (4)

Three times so far!

break the school record for the event if he’s in

6 When does Andy go home? Tomorrow. He

good form. Anyway, he’s so good that the rest of us

(stay) at this campsite

(5)

since Tuesday but tomorrow is his last day.



7 Why is Rebecca so upset? She

(lose) her camera.

a waste of time! Score  ​  ​/5

(see) two great films this week.

1 mark for each correct answer Photocopiable

compete – he’s unbeatable so it’s

1 mark for each correct answer

8 You look happy. Why’s that? We

do some training

Score  ​  ​/8

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157

end-of-term test 1 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

6 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modal

9 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

verbs, beginning as shown.

to the current affairs

1 I often tune

1 It isn’t necessary to get up very early.

programme on Saturday morning. .

They 2 It’s likely that Paul has gone to bed by now.

chocolate and coffee.

2 I’m addicted

the new term?

3 Are you ready .

Paul 3 Stuart is obliged to work on Sunday mornings.

that article in

4 I’m really angry yesterday’s newspaper.

.

Stuart 4 It’s unlikely that Karen is at work. She’s at home.

this case. .

Karen

the press coverage of

5 I wasn’t aware

5 We aren’t permitted to use a dictionary in the exam.

Score  ​  ​ /5

1 mark for each correct answer

Complete the sentences with the correct words. . 10

We 6 It’s possible the weather will get better tomorrow.

.

The weather 7 I advise Penny to save more of her pocket money.

.

Penny 8 We aren’t allowed to run in the corridors.

.

We 9 It’s a good idea to wear a scarf on a chilly day.

.

You

10 There’s no obligation on Peter to get a part-time job. .

Peter 2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/20

7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (lose) her new purse. She’s

1 Martha

looked everywhere and can’t find it. (leave) work early every day

3 Sarah

(see) the film. It was only (not

be) on the next bus but I hope she is. and now her parents are angry. 1 mark for each correct answer

3 I often watch pod

on the internet.

4 William works with old people. He’s very public. 5 Amy is plain-

. She always says what she

thinks. ? Have some

6 How can you be so coldfeelings for other people! 7 Have you seen the

-page news?

The president has been arrested. 8 Some celebrities are always in newspaper head

. Score  ​  ​/8

11 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

1 Did you remember 2 I forgot

(do) the dishes. She didn’t

6 Brenda

gets what she wants.

meet  ​send  ​buy  ​say  ​eat

released yesterday and she was busy then. 5 I’m not sure where Emma is. She

. She always

the verbs in the box.

because her last train home goes at five. 4 Ruth

has hit the capital. 2 Jenny is ambitious and single-

1 mark for each correct answer

(stay) up late. He regrets it.

2 Gary

on TV! An earthquake

1 There’s been a news

4 I remember 5 We didn’t stop

8 Write a word for each definition.

a birthday card to my

grandfather. 3 She stopped

Score  ​  ​ /6

a newspaper?

to answer the phone. Tom for the first time. hello because we

were in a hurry.

1 a discussion about serious issues

1 mark for each correct answer

2 read quickly to get the general idea

Score  ​  ​/5

3 serious newspapers 4 steal from a house 5 something that a defendant may say to the police or at a trial 6 a crime that is not very serious 1 mark for each correct answer 158

Score  ​  ​ /6

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Photocopiable

end-of-term test 1 (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The clumsiest burglar in Britain



A Joe Prince must be the clumsiest burglar in Britain. In fact, his hilariously bungled attempt to escape from a house he had just robbed managed to turn him into a laughing stock and headline news across the country. He had been trying to climb out of the window of a Victorian terrace following an audacious raid carried out just as most people were heading off for work when he somehow got himself into a real tangle. Perhaps fearing he’d lose one of his trainers while clambering through the window, he’d tied them in such a way that his shoelaces were tied tightly in big bows. And that was his undoing. The laces of one of his trainers caught in the top of the window frame, and, as he couldn’t free himself, this left him hanging by his laces in the open window. Joe had attempted to turn his victim’s home upside down, but had only managed to turn himself the wrong way up! B What followed must have been both a humiliating and an extremely painful experience for the hapless Joe as he dangled in mid-air while people strolling past, only too aware that Joe had been up to no good by breaking into the house, chose to stand and laugh at him rather than offer any assistance. 1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?

C Joe’s predicament lasted an hour or more before the owner of the house turned up. Imagine his astonishment on seeing a stranger dangling from his living-room window frame, grasping a hammer in his hand. Scattered on the floor were various household objects and an open holdall. Incriminating as this evidence was, Joe did his best to persuade the owner to release him, claiming that he had ended up as he was because he’d heroically been chasing the real burglar. Naturally, the owner didn’t believe a word, and left him dangling while he phoned the police. D Later, one of the neighbours gave her version of the story. She said that she had heard a lot of banging and, at first, had thought that her neighbours were having home repairs carried out as they had just moved in and she knew that they had intended to have the house renovated. However, when she went to look outside, she had seen two feet sticking out of the window and had realized that something strange was going on. She said that she thought he had got his foot caught after trying to escape from the house through the small window above the main window in the living room.

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

Quote words from the text to support your answers.

1 messed up and done badly. 2 somebody people laugh at in an unkind way.

1 Joe got his shoe caught while climbing out of the house.

3 unlucky and foolish.

2 People walking past had no idea Joe was a burglar.

4 walking slowly along. 5 unusual and difficult position or situation.

3 Joe admitted his crime when the owner of the 3 marks for each correct answer

house arrived.

Score  ​  ​ /15

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

4 At first, the neighbour thought Joe was a builder.

1 Imagine you have witnessed a burglary. Write a

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/20

when and where, and a description of the burglar.

2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

2 Describe a true crime story that made headline

1 Passers-by didn’t help Joe because

.

2 The owner didn’t believe Joe’s excuse because

report including a description of what you saw,

news in your country. 50 marks

Score  ​  ​ /50

.

3 A neighbour hadn’t responded when she first heard noises because 5 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

. Score  ​  ​/15

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159

end-of-term test 1 (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 The writer describes Joe as …



a a funny man. b an experienced burglar. c a hopeless burglar. d a likeable man.

2 Joe carried out his crime in …



b a terrace in the middle of the night.

a tried hard to apologize. b claimed not to be a burglar. c incriminated himself with what he said. d admitted being a criminal.

7 The neighbour didn’t think anything was wrong at first because she …



a didn’t hear anything unusual.

a was hanging upside down.



d had only just moved in.

b had lost one of his shoes.

8 The neighbour realized something was wrong

c a Victorian building at the weekend. d a large house in the early afternoon.

d had caught his trainers under the window.

b was used to having noisy neighbours. c expected people to be doing work on the house.

c was trapped behind the window.

when … a the owner came back.

b were waiting for the police to come.



c thought it was just too funny to do anything.

5 marks for each correct answer

4 No one helped Joe because they …





a an old house during the early morning.

3 The situation Joe found himself in was that he …



6 When the owner arrived, Joe …

a didn’t think he deserved any help.

b she heard strange banging noises. c she saw Joe’s legs. d Joe broke the glass. Score  ​  ​/40

d didn’t know how to help.

5 When the owner arrived home he saw that Joe …



a was holding stolen goods. b had dropped his hammer on the floor. c had a holdall on the floor. d wasn’t holding anything.

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 Imagine you have witnessed a burglary. Write a report including a description of what you saw, when and where, and a description of the burglar. 2 Describe a true crime story that made headline news in your country. 60 marks

160

Score  ​  ​ /60

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Photocopiable

end-of-term test 2 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

the verbs in the box. (go) to Mexico for

1 Last summer, Mike his holidays. He 2 Jane

(lose) her purse this morning, (not find) it yet.

1 Last year, the tennis match 2 The missing climbers

(meet) Charlotte for coffee yesterday

afternoon. It was the first time I

in the future. 4 At this precise moment, dinner

4 How many countries

you

5 The poisonous plants should

(like) the most? (get) here an hour ago, so

I don’t think she

(go) home yet. Look,

from the

garden before the children started playing. 1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/5

5 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Omit the

she’s chatting to Amy over there. 1 mark for each correct answer

in the

main restaurant.

(visit) so far in your life? Which one you

by us. yet.

3 As far as I’m concerned, space stations on Mars

(see)

her since the summer holidays.

5 Susie only

remove  ​win  ​build  ​serve  ​find

(not be) there before.

and she 3 I

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

Score  ​  ​/5

2 Write sentences using the prompts. Use continuous forms where possible.

agent if possible. 1 A team of leading archaeologists has recently excavated a Mayan temple in the forest.

1 Sally / just / get home / this minute.

2 The students are designing some interesting art



work for the exhibition.

2 How long / you / wait / here ?





3 Someone is going to empty all the rubbish bins.

3 James / not see / any good films / recently.





4 I may have lost my key when I was dancing.

4 Gareth / just / break his leg?





5 Joe was tidying the classroom when I arrived.

5 Sue / cry / for 20 minutes / before someone asked if she was OK.

2 marks for each correct answer

2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

3 Complete the sentences with appropriate modal verbs.

too dangerous. 2 Pam

6 Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning as shown. 1 Some say that researchers have made incredible

pay the parking fine. If she

3 You

.

here later tonight. Robbie Williams

take an umbrella with you, but

it’s a good idea because it might rain. 4 You

It 2 The press says that Robbie Williams is performing

doesn’t, she’s breaking the law.

.

3 Doctors predict that the cost of treatment will rise in some countries.

shout in the corridor. It’s against

school rules.

It

.

4 Retailers say that today’s teenagers will affect the have lost his wallet almost

1 mark for each correct answer

rise of online shopping as they become grown-ups. Online shopping

anywhere. I’ve no idea where. Score  ​  ​/5

.

5 The newspaper says that this hot weather will continue all summer. It 2 marks for each correct answer

Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​/10

scientific breakthroughs in recent years. walk home alone at night. It’s

1 Sandra

5 Darren



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. Score  ​  ​/10 161

end-of-term test 2 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

7 Rewrite the sentences using have/get something

10 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

done, beginning as shown.

even stupid or ill-informed people can understand it.

house.

a bit dizzy so she went to

2 Amanda .

The neighbours 2 Are they going to clean Susan’s carpet?

bed.

3 Someone told Vera’s fortune.

opened her eyes.

4 Some gardeners are clearing away fallen branches

customers by charging too much. away

5 Some online shopping websites

from Moira’s garden.

free gifts to encourage you to use their site. .

Moira 5 My brother will redecorate my dining room for me

Score  ​  ​ /5

1 mark for each correct answer

11 Complete the sentences with the correct

next month. .

prepositions.

Score  ​  ​/10

1 I’m jealous

I

Dave because he’s so

good-looking.

8 Rewrite the sentences using conditionals,

by the

2 These days, news is dumbed

beginning as shown.

popular press.

1 I didn’t have any money so I didn’t buy anything in

our trip to the seaside

3 I’m excited

the sales.

next weekend. .

If

such a

4 It takes a long time to get

2 We will go for a picnic on condition that it doesn’t

horrible cold.

rain later.

5 There’s a sale on because the shop is clearing .

As long as 3 Robert fell asleep so he missed the film.

its old stock. 6 Amy passed

.

If 4 Sandy should study more or she’ll fail the exam.

. She was unconscious

for two minutes. 8 My immune system is trying to fight

5 Paul was tired because he had been working hard

all these germs but it isn’t doing very well.

all day.

9 They want to sign .

If

a bit of a cold.

7 I seem to have picked .

Unless

2 marks for each correct answer

off

4 Unscrupulous shopkeepers .

Vera

2 marks for each correct answer

round and

3 After the operation Paula .

Is

new customers.

10 I hope the shop will take

these jeans.

They’re the wrong size and I don’t want them.

Score  ​  ​/10

1 mark for each correct answer

9 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

Score  ​  ​/10

12 Write a word for each definition.

1 I am lonely. .

I wish I 2 My next-door neighbour practises his violin every

1 saying exactly what you think 2 a part of the body such as the heart or liver

evening.

.

If only he 3 Carla didn’t get up early this morning. 4 We don’t know any people here. 5 Jack complains about my cooking all the time. 2 marks for each correct answer

5 describes a company that makes more money than it spends

.

I wish we If only he

3 if you feel a bit sick, you feel this 4 money in notes and coins

.

If only she

162

down the news so that

1 Tabloids often

1 Some workers have renovated the neighbours’

2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

. Score  ​  ​/10

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Photocopiable

end-of-term test 2 (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

Shopaholics



A Ever considered yourself a shopaholic? You’d only have to dare to open that wardrobe door and wade through the piles of shoe boxes and racks of clothes to know the truth. And, of course, it's the unopened boxes and never-worn garments rather than the prices on the labels that reveal the truth. True shopaholics just love the thrill of the shop so most things they buy simply never see the light of day. B Research in the United States has shown that one in 20 Americans – no fewer than 17 million people – is a compulsive buyer, the polite term for being a shopaholic. Although there is an absence of comparable data over on this continent, it would be absurd to doubt that plenty of people here fall into a similar category. It’s a problem that should be confronted, but that is exactly what we don’t do. Being a shopaholic is the butt of countless sit-com jokes, and it’s indulged for the most part by the ignorance of friends and family to its potential destructiveness. Consequently, there’s no social pressure to stop and compulsive buyers rarely recognize their problem until the payment reminders start to pile up. Let’s face it, if one of your friends lived to shop, you’d probably crack a joke about it rather than urge the friend to seek help. We’re all guilty of condoning a major problem. 1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 There are likely to be far fewer shopaholics in Europe than there are in the USA.

D So, what sort of people become shopaholics? Well, we have all seen the images of wealthy middle-class women staggering out of department stores laden with hundreds of designer bags, and that has to be the common perception, the stereotype we all recognize. However, while research suggests that nine out of ten known shopaholics are women, some leading psychologists have argued that men, regardless of their social class, are just as prone to the disorder. They say that the statistics are inaccurate because men are less likely to seek help for their addiction and are often labelled as ‘collectors’ rather than shopaholics. So next time you see your male friends buying items as if they were collectors, don’t hesitate to say something about it. They may just need a little help.

3 Complete the sentences in your own words. 1 You know you are a shopaholic if

.

2 Most people respond to having a friend who constantly shops by

2 People fail to take shopaholicism seriously. 3 The idea that shopaholics are rich women is a misconception.



.

3 Some of the things that encourage us to shop include

.

4 Male shopaholics differ from female ones in that

5 marks for each correct answer

C The materialism of our society is such that it’s hard to see that too much shopping is bad for you. Advertisements constantly tell us to buy new things, credit cards encourage us to run up debt, and shops are welcoming and exciting, designed to make us buy. They are also designed to exploit vulnerable people who really shouldn’t be buying at all.

Score  ​  ​/15

2 Find words or phases in the text that mean … 1 where you hang clothes in a wardrobe or in a shop.



.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/20

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

2 show.

1 What’s your favourite shop? How often do you go

3 ridiculous.

there, what do you buy, and why do you like it?

4 saying that something is OK when it is bad.

2 ‘Advertising products aimed at young children should be banned.’ Discuss.

5 likely to be victims of. 3 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

50 marks

Score  ​  ​ /50

Score  ​  ​/15

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163

end-of-term test 2 (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 A true shopaholic …



b buys things then never use them. c buys more expensive things than most of us. d possesses a lot of clothes.

2 As for how many shopaholics there are in Europe …



shopaholics are usually made up of …



d men more than women.

b the writer suspects that about 20% of

7 Shopaholics tend to be …

c there are a lot but we don’t know exactly how



a richer people rather than poorer people.

d there are likely to be more shopaholics in



c middle class if they are women.

a spreading quite rapidly.

d collectors if they are men from the middle classes.

8 Male shopaholics are different from female ones

b a problem we ought to face up to now. c a bit of a joke.

b just as likely to be working class as middle class if they are men.

3 The writer considers shopaholicism to be …

because they …



d a habit we should indulge.

a tend to compulsively purchase different sorts of things. b buy things in very large numbers.

a ignoring that sort of person.



b thinking it’s not funny.

5 marks for each correct answer

4 According to the writer, people usually respond to shopaholics by …



c both men and women in comparable



Europe than there are in America.



b considerably more women than men. numbers.

many.



a mostly middle-class women.

a statistics show there are more than 17 million. Europeans are shopaholics.



6 In the opinion of ‘some leading psychologists’

a spends a lot of money on purchases.

c are difficult to help with their addiction. d are fewer in number than female ones. Score  ​  ​/40

c often trying to talk them out of it. d not realizing it’s a problem.

5 The writer does not blame the following for encouraging shopaholics …



a credit card companies. b advertising companies. c people who make jokes about compulsive shopping.



d social pressure groups.

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What’s your favourite shop? How often do you go there, what do you buy, and why do you like it? 2 ‘Advertising products aimed at young children should be banned.’ Discuss. 60 marks

164

Score  ​  ​ /60

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Photocopiable

end-of-term test 3 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Write sentences using the prompts. Use

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

continuous forms if possible.

the verbs in the box.

1 How long / they / sit / over there?

spend  ​ know  ​win  ​rain  ​ have  ​stay

2 Rebecca / listen to the radio / just before Ben

1 If only Susan

so much money last

weekend.

walked in.

2 Wendy



the race if she does a bit more

training for it.

3 Claire / meet / any interesting people / recently?

, we won’t get wet on the

3 As long as it



picnic.

4 she / own / since August / her own apartment?

4 I wish I



days.

5 Rob / already / wash his car / when we got back.

5 Where

Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

(get) so angry. (go) home yet

because his bike is still outside. (take) pills every day. If he

3 Ray

forgets, he will get really ill. (be) Jerry. It certainly looks a lot like

4 It

him. Yes, I’m sure it’s him.

would send him a card. Score  ​  ​/6

1 mark for each correct answer

1 ‘I didn’t take the bus yesterday,’ said Diana. .

Diana said 2 ‘Are you looking for something now?’ the shop assistant asked us. The shop assistant asked us

. .

Ruth said

(swim) really well yesterday.

4 ‘We’re going to help them tomorrow,’ they told us. Score  ​  ​/5

3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Omit the agent if possible. 1 Colin is presenting prizes to the successful students. 2 We are going to post all the letters tomorrow. 3 Janet may have lost her bag during the taxi journey home.

.

They told us 5 ‘I can’t see anything here,’ said Fiona.

.

Fiona said 6 ‘Where do you play tennis?’ asked Jo.

.

Jo asked us 2 marks for each correct answer



Score  ​  ​/12

6 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. 1 ‘We spent two nights here last weekend.’ .

Tanya said 2 ‘I wonder whether we will catch our flight next

4 The council has closed down the old swimming pool.

Thursday.’ Bridget wondered

.

3 ‘I broke my wrist yesterday.’

5 The train won’t reach the station until midnight.

Fiona said 2 marks for each correct answer

2 marks for each correct answer

Photocopiable

him better, I

6 I don’t know Tim well. If I

3 ‘The car broke down last Saturday,’ said Ruth.

5 Stephen won the swimming race. He 1 mark for each correct answer

if they can’t

5 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

1 Sonia regrets losing her temper. She 2 David’s still here. He

they

afford to pay for a hotel?

2 Complete the sentences with appropriate modal verbs and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

more time and money these

. Score  ​  ​ /6

Score  ​  ​/10

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165

end-of-term test 3 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

7 Rewrite the sentences using the verbs in the box.

10 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

​tell  ​ask  ​ apologize  ​ suggest  ​advise

to

1 When I watch TV, I often channel see what’s on different channels.

1 ‘Put your mobile phone away, Amanda!’ .

2 ‘You ought to watch less TV, Andy.’

more money.

.

3 ‘I’m sorry I forgot to bring the tickets.’

such a powerful drug. germs that can

4 Antibodies fight .

Jim 4 ‘Let’s go out later!’

cause disease. such as

5 There are a lot of electrical .

Debbie 5 ‘Could you clean the bathroom, please, Sally?’

Score  ​  ​ /10

2 marks for each correct answer

8 Complete the sentences with relative pronouns. you can use

1 Jack has a watch

dishwashers and kettles for sale in the shop. food like crisps and

6 My brother eats .

Josephine

hamburgers which have a high fat content.

farmhouse is over three

hundred years old, has always lived in this area. we grew up is near here.

.

7 We booked our holiday with a travel She was very helpful. the drinks.

8 I’ll pay

9 I don’t understand Fiona. I don’t know what makes her

underwater.

3 The village

of taking

3 I’m worried about the side

Sue

2 The family,

Pam because she has

2 Sue is jealous

Mr Smith

. here? You’re miles

10 How did you end from home.

Score  ​  ​/10

1 mark for each correct answer

4 George works for an aid agency

11 Write a word for each definition.

helps poor people in Asia. 5 Have you asked

the bus stop is?

6 That was a time

cars didn’t exist.

7 We had a great meal in the restaurant, Robert insisted on paying for. I first

8 I’ll always remember the day went on a date. 9 Tom works in the café

they met.

10 We drove as far as the old bridge Score  ​  ​/10

9 Join the sentences using relative pronouns. 1 John is my neighbour. He is very friendly.

3 to buy 4 speaking many languages 5 try to get a lift from passing cars 6 friendly and extrovert Score  ​  ​/12

2 marks for each correct answer the words in the box.

proceed  ​strong  ​sleep  ​popular  ​predict 1 The accident was

and could have

been avoided.

2 The summer house is situated on a lake. It belongs

2 I don’t really know the correct

for

processing this ticket.

to my uncle.

3 The

3 We went for a long walk along the seashore. It’s really lovely there.

of the singing contest surprised

Ian. He didn’t know so many people loved it. 4 I don’t want to

so I’m going to set my

alarm.

4 Brad Hughes was selected to represent his region in the championships. His brother is in my class at school.

5 Sam has a lot of physical

1 mark for each correct answer

. He can lift

very heavy things. 1 mark for each correct answer



166

2 a place where they have a trial

12 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

crosses the river. 1 mark for each correct answer

1 serious newspapers

Score  ​  ​/5

Score  ​  ​ /4

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Photocopiable

end-of-term test 3 (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

The world’s greatest job



A If you could have any job in the world, what would it be? One contender for the world’s greatest job would have to be the 12-month contract Dan Golley won when he beat thousands of applicants to become ‘caretaker’ of a small tropical island off the Australian coast. In a recent interview, Dan said that, just as he had expected, winning the job had completely changed his life and that the time had flown. Back in May when he got the job he hadn’t realized his face would be in every newspaper in Australia. He still couldn’t believe that putting together a one-minute video and merely ‘being himself’ during the various roleplays and tasks he had undertaken had been enough to land such a coveted position. ‘You’d expect someone in my position to have loads of qualifications and to be some sort of ecological expert, wouldn’t you?’ said Dan. B Before taking the job, Dan had had little or no idea what it would involve. The job description was really thin, almost tongue-in-cheek, suggesting that he’d do not much more than deliver the post and feed the fish. However, once he reached the island, he soon realized that it was a real job, and quite demanding, and there were already people there to do the jobs in the description! The idea of

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?



advertising the job as the best in the world, and splashing photos of Dan all over the world’s press, was to bring much-needed publicity to the island and to the Australian coast in general. Dan has to keep up that good work by writing a daily blog, making videos and taking photos to put online, and by engaging in PR-related duties, including meeting politicians, giving speeches, talking to tourism representatives and meeting travellers from around the world. ‘I barely have enough time to work on my tan,’ joked Dan. ‘Honestly though, it’s great to spend my days telling people how wonderful this place is – because it really is paradise on earth!’

C As global tourism figures continue to fall because of the worldwide economic downturn, Dan has his work cut out to attract visitors to his little bit of paradise, but he’s doing his best. This month, he has been learning about the unique ecosystems of the reefs off the coast of the island, so that he can help encourage diving tour companies to invest in the place. He’s also been studying the strange flora and fauna of the seas near the island with marine biologists. He is keen to tell anyone who’ll listen about the amazing mantis shrimp, one of the most dangerous creatures in the ocean, which can’t be kept in glass aquariums as it can smash its way out.

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

Quote words from the text to support your answers.

1 wanted by a lot of people.

1 A lot of people wanted to have the job that Dan got.

2 joking and not serious. 3 showing (in newspapers). 4 has a lot of difficult work to do.

2 There was a lot of media coverage about the job.

5 break (glass).



2 marks for each correct answer

3 Dan considers himself well-qualified for the job.

Score  ​  ​ /10

4 What exactly does Dan have to do in his role as ‘caretaker’ of the island? (25–50 words) You are expected to use information from the text, but please use your own words.

4 Dan spends a lot of time sunbathing. 5 More people are coming to the island each month.

15 marks

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/25

.

2 The reason for publicizing Dan’s appointment was .

to 3 Dan spends time learning about the island’s ecology so that 5 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

5 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

2 Complete the sentences in your own words. 1 Dan got the job by

Score  ​  ​ /15

.

1 What would be your dream job and why? 2 ‘Exploiting and developing tropical islands is bad for their ecology and traditional way of life.’ Discuss. 35 marks

Score  ​  ​ /35

Score  ​  ​/15

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167

end-of-term test 3 (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 Dan Golley has managed to get …



a what is officially the best job in the world. b a job that loads of people really wanted. c a job that had a really tough application procedure.



d a great job that will last almost a year once it starts.

2 When he got the job, Dan had no idea that …



a he would get a lot of press coverage.



c he would have to appear in videos.

a dealing with the mail. b doing things on the computer. c protecting the wildlife. d working on his tan.

6 The main aim of having Dan as ‘caretaker’ of a tropical island is to …



b time would go by so quickly.

a make sure the island is properly looked after. b have someone there to help and advise tourists.



d his life would be so different.

3 Dan probably got the job by …



5 Dan’s jobs on the island include …

c try to encourage more visitors to come to the place.



d provide a photographic record of the island and coastline.

a being better qualified than most. b doing well during roleplays and other tasks.

7 Dan’s job is made more difficult because …

c doing at least one interview.



d being good at making videos.

4 Before starting the job, Dan didn’t know what he would be doing because …



a he hadn’t had time to read up about it before



b he hadn’t bothered to ask about it at the

going. interview.



c there wasn’t a detailed description of the job



d the people offering the job had been tongue-

anywhere.

a he is also studying to be a marine biologist. b he has so much to learn to do his job. c the recession is affecting the tourist industry. d there are a lot of dangerous animals there.

8 Recently, Dan has been learning …



a how to dive. b about marine animals. c about investments. d how to keep creatures in aquariums.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

in-cheek.

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What would be your dream job and why? 2 ‘Exploiting and developing tropical islands is bad for their ecology and traditional way of life.’ Discuss. 60 marks

168

Score  ​  ​ /60

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Photocopiable

End-of-year test 1 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

4 Complete the sentences with the correct passive

the verbs in brackets.

form of the verbs in the box. bake  ​fill  ​ steal  ​pay  ​post

(sell) our old

1 A few months ago, we car. We still

(not buy) a new one!

2 Shane

(just / find) some money down

the back of his sofa. He’s really pleased because, days before, he

(plan) to throw the

2 Hundreds of loaves of bread

sofa out!

every day.

4 Chris

4 At this moment, application forms

(just / get) home. He (not have) time to change yet. I’ll ask

5 Claire

Score  ​  ​/5

1 mark for each correct answer

(spend) most of her time at

5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

home since then. Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

1 How long

you

(stay) at

you

3 If Patrick

(enjoy) yourselves? (not expect) it to be so nice you

6 My sister and I

(do)?

(try) snorkelling before but it

was the first time for me. Score  ​  ​ /8

.

2 It is possible that Wayne lost the game yesterday. .

3 It isn’t necessary to buy a ticket. .

4 It is illegal to drive when drunk. .

5 Dan regrets not doing his homework. Dan

Score  ​  ​/5

6 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown. 1 ‘I didn’t see the documentary last night.’ Rosalind

.

2 ‘Don’t sit on this sofa.’ .

3 ‘Where is she going tomorrow?’

1 It is logical that Graham is waiting at the bus stop.

You

you live if you didn’t

Penny

3 Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.

You

seen the film, I’m sure I

1 mark for each correct answer

(snorkel) in the sea. That was great.

Wayne

4 If I

to live with your parents?

three times this week.

Graham

fallen ill, he would had to go to the doctor’s.

5 Where

(walk) to the coast

1 mark for each correct answer

said if he

have enjoyed it.

when we booked the holiday last month. 5 What things

Paul known you were out?

(be) here for two weeks.

4 Yes. We

enough money, I

lend her some. 2 What

the campsite? 2 We

will  ​would  ​ have  ​ had 1 If Denise doesn’t

the verbs in brackets. Use continuous forms if possible.

Amy

.

4 ‘Let’s have a picnic here today.’ Pam suggested

.

5 ‘Don’t go swimming tomorrow night.’ Olive

.

6 ‘Could you hold the door open for me?’ Bruce 2 marks for each correct answer

. Score  ​  ​/12

.

2 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

any money by her employers

yet, and it’s pay day.

(twist) her ankle three days

ago. She

in

by hundreds of people who want this job.

him to ring you back. 5 Rosie

from outside

his house. The police are looking for the thieves.

(say) yes.

8 My sister

here

3 Last week, Dave’s car

(ask) his boss for the morning off, and his boss

7 We

to people all

over the country.

3 William was happy because earlier he

3

1 Tomorrow, the letters

Score  ​  ​/10

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169

end-of-year test 1 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

7 Join the sentences using relative pronouns. Omit the pronoun if possible.

10 Write a word with an opposite meaning. 1 biased

1 I’ve got an aunt. She works for the local council.

2 broadsheet



3 offender

2 The children were very noisy. Their parents had gone out to a restaurant.

4 innocent 5 angry



6 harmless

3 The ice cream tasted delicious. I made it.

7 sell



8 win

4 I can’t remember a summer. The weather was as nice as this.

9 strength 10 integrity

5 I went to a shopping centre. A famous pop star was

Score  ​  ​​/10

1 mark for each correct answer

11 Write a word for each definition.

opening a music shop there.

1 a time of change in history or in someone’s life Score  ​  ​ /10

2 marks for each correct answer

8 Complete the sentences with the correct words. programmes.

1 I enjoy current .

in biology today. like lemonade and cola. before sunbathing.

5 Always put on sun

to

6 Tim went on an exchange

Secret next week. lunch. I’m really hungry. someone walking

behind her. during class. She was

and I feel a bit sick. full of

5 Dan was carrying a heavy clothes and other belongings.

taking

6 Rome is usually full of photographs. -

7 Shirley is very

and

8 Some celebrities love being in the media . 1 mark for each correct answer

you if you fall ill.

7 We used

report which

ambitious. She has clear targets.

next week’s party.

unconscious for two minutes. 6 I’ll look

-

3 It was a 4 I have a bad

to this programme on Radio

5 Amy passed

on my

criticized a lot of people.

prepositions.

4 I’m excited

media is changing rapidly these

laptop.

Score  ​  ​/7

9 Complete the sentences with the correct

3 Wendy was aware

12 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

2 I often listen to the news on a

– nothing bad can happen.

2 I’m ready

Score  ​  ​/5

1 mark for each correct answer

days.

7 I think you should relax and go with the 1 mark for each correct answer

5 tell someone not to forget something

1 The

Germany.

1 Tune

4 take advantage of the customer by selling something for too high a price

works

3 We studied how the respiratory 4 I prefer soft

at a trial 3 feel pain really strongly

2 I’ve been taking these pills and I’m worried about harmful side

2 one of the 12 people who decide guilty or not guilty

Score  ​  ​/8

all the matches lighting

candles, so we had to buy some more. tickets.

8 We spent two hours queueing 9 I’ll deal

the mess. You can go home. in a

10 We walked for miles and ended small village in the middle of nowhere. 1 mark for each correct answer 170

Score  ​  ​/10

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Photocopiable

End-of-year test 1 (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

Russia’s most sensationalist newspaper



A In debt to one of Britain’s most notorious tabloids for both its appearance and style, Zhizn is Russia’s most sensationalist newspaper. It is largely made up of lurid headlines and dramatic stories about gangsters and sex scandals, and, just like The Sun, it feeds its readers a rich diet of human interest stories, horoscopes and agony aunt columns. The biggest difference between the two look-a-like papers is perhaps their attitude to politics. Zhizn is studious in avoiding stories about Russia’s ruling party. B Frustrated by a dearth of tabloid talent in the Russian capital, the newspaper’s editor has recently started a journalism school for would-be hacks. His aim is to tutor both staff reporters and aspiring young journalists from some of the capital’s best schools in exactly how to write in tabloid style. The problem, as the editor sees it, is that while there are some extremely able journalists in Russia, they simply don’t know how to write in the earthy and attention-grabbing style of the popular press in the West. Learning how to write witty and dramatic headlines, and how to condense stories into a few words, is something that is new in a country where newspapers are traditionally serious and thorough. C Ten years on from its first issue, Zhizn, which roughly translates as ‘Life’, has a deserved reputation across Russia for breaking news. It prides itself on exclusives and on pulling no punches when it comes to revealing details of horrific crimes or

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false? Quote words from the text to support your answers. 1 Students at the new school of tabloid journalism have never worked on a newspaper before. 2 Russia has a tradition of tabloid journalism. 3 The writer thinks Zhizn is good at producing

salacious scandals. Often its reporters beat the police to the scene of a crime and its website has regularly hosted surveillance camera footage of shooting sprees and murders. D A tough guy on the outside, but friendly and talkative once you get to know him, Zhizn’s editor belies his broken nose and boxer’s muscular frame when he speaks. He is both articulate and enthusiastic in his defence of tabloid journalism, which he says is misunderstood and unfairly criticized in Russia as being unethical and unpleasant. He is adamant that journalism shouldn’t be about writing artistic but boring articles – it’s about revealing the truth in a plain and exciting way. He argues that a great journalist is a man or woman who is able to feel the pull and emotion of a story, and who isn’t afraid to express an opinion. That’s why he has initiated the journalism school – the style and type of reporter he seeks is a far cry from the objective sort of journalist trained by the traditional schools. E Watching this hero of the tabloid form lecture on the opening day of the journalism course is an interesting exercise in the tabloid journalist’s art. He works without notes, shouting and banging the table at times, delivering his message in the condensed and dramatic style of a typical tabloid article. And, for the most part, his new pupils look keen to learn.

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean … 1 famous in a negative way. 2 very careful. 3 lack. 4 plain and simple. 5 very different from. 3 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​ /15

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

sensationalist stories.

1 Which newspaper do you read? What are the

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/15

2 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 In what ways is Zhizn similar to The Sun?

strengths and weaknesses of the newspaper? 2 ‘The style of tabloid journalism is more interesting to read than the style of journalism in serious newspapers.’ Discuss. 50 marks

2 How is the editor described?

Score  ​  ​ /50

10 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

Score  ​  ​/20

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171

End-of-year test 1 (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 Zhizn is similar to The Sun in that …



b its readers tend to be quite rich. c the way it looks is comparable. d it has no agony aunt columns.

2 Zhizn is different from The Sun in that it …



d not very thorough in their approach.

c avoids things like cartoons and horoscopes.



d investigates crime in more depth.

a wants to recruit most of his staff from top b doesn’t think there are any good journalists of c thinks the Western tabloid style is new in d believes it will be a money-making enterprise.



a for people already working for Zhizn as well



b mainly for people who have already studied

as for people who want to get into journalism. at a more traditional journalism school. c only for people from the best schools with real aspirations to work on tabloids.



c not good at writing concisely and dramatically.

a being the first to a story. b providing analysis of the big stories. c punching well above its weight. d giving more detail than other papers.

7 According to the editor, journalists should be …



a expressive and artistic. b emotional and plain-spoken. c well-informed and objective. d truthful and critical.

8 The editor’s lectures are comparable to the style

4 The journalism school is …



b extremely good writers for tabloids.

6 In Russia, people think Zhizn is good at …

Russia and needs learning.



a not very good at writing articles.

b tends not to criticize the government.

any kind in Russia.





schools.



be …

a has more sensationalist stories.

3 The editor began the tabloid school because he …



5 Zhizn’s editor considers journalists in Moscow to

a it is very much in debt, just like The Sun.

used in tabloids because he …



a speaks at length. b has detailed notes. c shows his emotions. d is enthusiastic to learn.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

d largely for hacks who are already established in the business.

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 Which newspaper do you read? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the newspaper? 2 ‘The style of tabloid journalism is more interesting to read than the style of journalism in serious newspapers.’ Discuss. 60 marks

172

Score  ​  ​ /60

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Photocopiable

End-of-year test 2 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Complete the text with the correct form of the

4 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Include the

verbs in brackets. Use continuous forms if possible. Last summer, Claire (1)

agent where necessary. 1 A scientist discovered electricity in the eighteenth century.

(fly) to



Venice for a week’s holiday. Although she

2 Some people deliver thousands of pizzas every day.

(visit) the city before, she

(2)



really wanted to go again. When she got there,

3 An armed gang have robbed the national bank.

(rain) all that morning, but

it (3)



(be)

the ancient buildings (4)

4 Nobody cleaned our car yesterday.

still beautiful. Recently, Claire (5) (spend) all her weekends planning her next trip. She’d like to go somewhere she (6)

5 A man is delivering the post at this moment.

(not travel) to before.



We

Score  ​  ​ /10

2 marks for each correct answer Score  ​  ​/6

1 mark for each correct answer

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

2 Write sentences using the prompts. Use continuous forms if possible.

1 It’s a bit wet at the moment, but if it

1 They / close / the school / when I got there / so I / not go in.

(go) for a picnic.

(be) sunny later, we 2 I’m glad Rachel made it, but what



you

2 Sue / see / the film / yet? / Perhaps she / see / it /

manage) to get there on time?

last night.

3 I



(do) if she

(not

(not come) unless Jerry really (want) me to. Tell him to call me.

3 Gordon / do / his homework / all morning. / He /

4 If Sue

nearly / finish / it.

(say) something earlier we (make) other arrangements. Now it’s



too late.

4 Yesterday morning, I / only / jog / for ten minutes /

5 I

when I / suddenly / slip and fall.

(help) if I

(have) the

time, but I’m too busy.

5 Sharon / not wait / very long / when / we arrive.

2 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/10

6 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate reporting

Score  ​  ​/10

2 marks for each correct answer

3 Complete the sentences with appropriate modal verbs in the correct form.

there’s nothing to eat in the house. idea because they’re good for you.

2 ‘You’d better call Frank,’ said Steve. 3 ‘Don’t shout inside this building,’ said Ray.

practise the piano every evening,

3 She

Sam.



eat more vegetables. It’s a good

2 You

1 ‘What time did you get up yesterday morning?’ said

done some shopping. Now

1 Robert

verbs. Don’t use say or tell.

4 ‘Why don’t we go walking in the mountains?’

but she can if she wants to.

said Pam. gone

4 I’ve no idea where Joe is but he to the park. I’ll text him and find out. 5 To fly abroad, you

5 ‘Could you close the window for me?’ said

have a ticket and a

valid passport. 1 mark for each correct answer Photocopiable

Marianne.

Score  ​  ​/5

2 marks for each correct answer

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Score  ​  ​ /10 173

end-of-year test 2 (plus) – grammar and vocabulary

7 Join the sentences using relative pronouns. Write commas where necessary.

10 Complete the sentences with the correct words.



.

serious ones are called

is shown when important

2 A news

2 Harry Smith lives at the corner of the street. His

breaking news comes in, and a news

parents run the newsagent’s shop.

is a regular, short news programme.



is a general word for newspapers

3 The

3 Mahogany is a wood. It grows in tropical forests.

and journalists, and broadcast



describes TV, radio and internet communication.

4 1968 was an interesting year. The flower power revolution took place then.

steal from houses and

4

steal from banks.



5 Modern medicine, when it is successful, is said to

5 Cambridge is an attractive town. There are a lot of university buildings there.

diseases and

Score    /5

1 mark for each correct answer

8 Complete the sentences with the correct words. in my life.

1 The accident was a turning

. I rarely just watch

2 I enjoy channel

one channel on TV all evening.

Score  ​  ​ /10

11 Write a word for each definition. 1 the situation when a leading politician talks to a group of journalists 2 a satirical impersonation 3 describes someone who is good at understanding things or making decisions based on feelings

rejected the transplant.

3 His immune

. I’ve been sick all day.

4 I have food

is much

5 Buying things second cheaper than buying them new.

went camping – it’s warm and comfortable. between the dollar and

7 The exchange

crime 6 a minor crime Score  ​  ​/6

1 mark for each correct answer

12 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

the euro isn’t very good at the moment. ? I really don’t

8 What makes Julie

4 someone the police think may have committed a 5 the sense that you use your nose for

with me when I

6 I took my sleeping

understand her at all.

1 Jim found some great pictures on one of the on a website about Australia.

1 mark for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/8

9 Complete the sentences with the correct words. the news.

1 I think tabloids dumb

coffee. I drink too much.

2 I’m addicted

me because

3 My parents were worried

I didn’t ring to say I was going to be late. burglary.

5 Jo took hours to come

after the

? There’s

2 Have you seen today’s been a serious train crash. 3 Tony is

-

in a crisis. He

always stays calm and organized. 4 Wendy is

-

. She knows

what she wants and doesn’t give up. 5 Sally

4 Henry was found guilty

the cost of the holiday. She

hadn’t saved enough money. 6 I love getting away from cities and walking in the

operation.

. I love trees, fields and small villages. a cold while I was on holiday.

6 I picked

wounds.

2 marks for each correct answer



to the shop

7 Shelley took the jumper because it was the wrong size. 8 I can’t choose 10 I don’t know how you put 1 mark for each correct answer

7 Lots of

go to the seaside in August. that told us about

8 We bought a

places of interest and places to eat or stay.

the fish or the chicken.

9 Sarah is always complaining

174

and

1 Popular newspapers are called

1 Paula is a good friend. She is kind and generous.

her job. with Joan. Score  ​  ​/10

9 Jill is very

and loves meeting people.

10 Iberia is a major Spanish

which has

flights to destinations all over the world. 1 mark for each correct answer

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Score  ​  ​/10 Photocopiable

End-of-year test 2 (plus) – reading and writing

Name:

Score:      /100

Are you the sort of person who could live abroad?



A The idealistic dream of escaping the narrow borders of their own country and finding a new, more rewarding life in a distant land is something that appeals to many people. This is particularly true in Britain where a recent poll suggested that over half the population had considered life abroad at some point. Perhaps it’s the wet weather … B Such idealism, however, needs to be tempered with an awareness that abandoning friends, family and a familiar culture for a lifestyle that may well prove radically different is something that can affect both health and happiness. Expatriate life can be isolating and demanding and some personality types are simply not suited to tackling such changes. Notwithstanding the uniqueness of our individual personalities, it is possible to classify us all into certain general types, and some of these ‘types’ may respond negatively to new surroundings. An example of this would be thrill-seekers who are too reckless when faced with new situations, or those who are naturally anxious and who may simply be overcome by the stress of living somewhere new. C One particular personality type – labelled type D – is notably unsuited to changing to a new life. This sort of person is not only prone to stress but reluctant to call on others to help out. And that can

1 Read the text. Are the statements true or false?

be potentially disastrous. In our lives in our home culture, we have all sorts of people to call on to help us, but in a new life it is necessary to seek out this sort of support. In fact, it’s important to make friends locally with people from the new culture and with fellow ex-pats – one in order to integrate into the new culture, the other in order to have a fellow passenger who understands how you feel. D There are other important ways of making sure the stress of living abroad doesn’t get to you. It is often the case that people who jet off to new places have a rose-tinted view of their new home, and this can cause problems. There’s nothing wrong with falling in love with the idea of living somewhere exotic and exciting, but being aware of the place’s downside is important. If your dream location proves not to have the services and facilities you have come to expect, then a dream can quickly turn into a nightmare. Consequently, planning meticulously is absolutely essential because you need to have realistic expectations of what life will actually be like in your new home. You should chat on web forums to people who have already moved and you should read everything you can. It’s also important to make sure you have things to do when you’re there, such as having a sport or hobby to do, just to release all that emotional and physical tension.

3 Find words or phrases in the text that mean …

Quote words from the text to support your answers.

1 modified so as not to be too extreme. 2 acting in a thoughtless and dangerous way.

1 Few British people consider emigrating.

3 people who live permanently in a foreign culture.

2 Moving abroad may make you miserable.

4 a viewpoint that is unrealistic.

3 Some people are likely to find living abroad more

5 extremely carefully.

difficult because of what they are like.

4 marks for each correct answer

4 At first, in a new country, you should make an effort

Score  ​  ​ /20

4 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words.

to make friends with only local people.

1 What are the pros and cons of living abroad?

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/20

your home town. Write an email advising them on

2 Complete the sentences in your own words.

where to live and what to do in your town.

1 People want to go and live abroad because

2 Imagine someone from abroad is coming to live in

.

50 marks

Score  ​  ​ /50

2 Before moving abroad, you should make sure you are aware of 5 marks for each correct answer Photocopiable

. Score  ​  ​/10

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175

End-of-year test 2 (plus) – multiple choice

Name:

Score:      /100

1 Read the text and choose the best answer. 1 According to the text …



weather.





d over half the British population has lived







c it could prove very expensive. d it may feel too much like home.

3 According to the text, one group of people likely to find it hard to adapt to a new life abroad are …



a loners who like isolated places.



d people who may be unhealthy.

b those with lots of family back home. c those who always want to do exciting things all the time.

c jetting off to very distant places. d being too influenced by what people say in books and on websites.

7 Planning is important when going to live abroad

a your friends may feel abandoned. b you could feel very alone.

b not knowing what amenities the place has before going.

abroad at one time. 2 A downside of living abroad is that …

a choosing to live somewhere too exotic or too exciting.

c living abroad has less appeal in Britain than elsewhere.



the mistake of …

b a majority of Britons have thought about emigrating.



6 When planning to move abroad it’s best to avoid

a the main reason Britons move abroad is the

because it …



a allows you to know what to expect. b is the best way of avoiding expense. c gives you something to do. d is a means of finding a new home.

8 The writer suggests …



a falling in love. b taking up sport. c doing an unusual hobby. d reading lots of novels.

5 marks for each correct answer

Score  ​  ​/40

4 Type D personalities typically …



a are reckless in new situations. b seek support for stress problems. c often wish to change lifestyles. d get anxious but try to deal with it alone.

5 When you first move abroad it’s best to …



a meet people and make friends gradually. b make friends with only local people who know the culture well.



c meet a mixture of people, including some who have moved there as well as people who have always lived there.



d make friends with passengers who travelled out with you.

2 Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. Write between 120–150 words. 1 What are the pros and cons of living abroad? 2 Imagine someone from abroad is coming to live in your home town. Write an email advising them on where to live and what to do in your town. 60 marks

176

Score  ​  ​ /60

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Photocopiable

Tests (PLUS) answer Key

Unit test 1

3 1 condensed   2 hurling abuse

1 1 received / hasn’t filled 2 just opened / saw 3 haven’t known / have already had 4 did you watch / Did you see 5 has she owned / didn’t sell

2 1 many times   2 yet 3 for about three hours 4 already   5 all morning

3 1 Emily hasn’t opened all her Christmas presents yet. 2 I have just lost my wallet. 3 How long has she been waiting here? 4 Susan has been watching DVDs all afternoon. 5 I have had this watch since 2008. 6 Miriam has already washed all the dishes. 7 Dan has been redecorating his bedroom since lunchtime.

4 1 had been painting 2 had been standing 3 had cleared   4 had fallen 5 had you been sitting

5 1 channel hop   2 dumb down 3 turning point   4 era 5 news flash

6 1 to buy   2 to record 3 listening   4 going

7 1 skim   2 tabloids 3 factors   4 in 5 conference

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘a newspaper that had been condensed to roughly half the extent of a normal broadsheet’ 2 True. ‘now they tend to be a bit thicker but no larger than their downmarket “popular” rivals’ 3 True. ‘people have been hurling abuse at tabloids for only telling one side of a story’ 4 True. ‘most people want to read thrilling stories about sex, crime and disaster, not in-depth articles and debates about current affairs’

2 1 The sort of stories found in a tabloid are blatantly sensationalist human-interest stories about sex, crime and disaster. 2 Tabloids mislead readers by reducing important social or political stories to a simple and colourful headline. Photocopiable

3 lurid   4 intruding 5 dishing out

4 1 They were smaller in size and included shorter, more sensationalist human-interest stories. 2 It can leave its readers poorly informed because it only gives brief details about a story.

5 Students’ own answers. Multiple choice 1 1 c   2 c   3 d   4 c   5 b 6 c   7 d   8 b

2 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 2 1 1 shouldn’t/ought not to

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘Although barely registering in recent headlines’ 2 False. ‘police officers have started visiting schools to advise young people … on the streets.’ 3 True. ‘they ought to avoid making calls in the street’ 4 False. ‘the 10–15 age group is most at risk’ 5 False. ‘in my opinion, it seems sensible to learn self-defence early’

2 1 Local authorities have introduced safety initiatives for young people because crime rates against young people are growing. 2 According to the organizers, the aim of self-defence courses for children is to teach them how to avoid personal injury if attacked.

2 have to 3 doesn’t have to/needn’t 4 don’t have to/needn’t 5 has to/must

3 1 barely   2 spiralling

2 1 We needn’t wear a shirt.

4 Students’ own answers.

2 Students mustn’t use phones in class. 3 Jill may/might/could come to Joe’s birthday party. 4 You should/ought to get a parttime job. 5 Ryan has to/must take his medicine twice a day.

3 1 mustn’t 2 must have 3 needn’t have 4 should/ought to 5 had to

4 1 kidnap   2 juror   3 bailiff 4 curious   5 hear

5 1 I’m sure he must have run really fast. 2 He shouldn’t have shouted at her. 3 She might/may/could have fallen down the stairs. 4 That’s why she can’t have done badly in the exam. 5 I’m not certain but they might/ may/could have gone to the cinema.

6 1 cool-headed   2 single-minded 3 public-spirited   4 hard-hitting 5 cold-hearted

7 1 of   2 about   3 to 4 for   5 of

3 sparked   4 tech-savvy 5 premature

Multiple choice 1 1 d   2 b   3 b   4 a   5 c 6 c   7 b   8 d

2 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 3 1 1 will be found 2 is being carried out 3 has been done 4 was being shown 5 have been presented 6 had been switched

2 1 A new gene that controls hair growth has been discovered. 2 Their new album was released last weekend. 3 Music is being taught to the younger students. 4 His neck could have been broken on that trampoline. 5 The newspapers are all going to be recycled.

3 1 a It is said that global warming is getting worse. b Global warming is said to be getting worse. 2 a It is said that recovery after treatment has improved in recent years. b Recovery after treatment is said to have improved in recent years.

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Tests (PLUS) answer key

3 a It is said that a great flu epidemic is inevitable. b A great flu epidemic is said to be inevitable.

4 1 Robert had/got his hair cut yesterday. 2 William has already had his bike fixed. 3 Amy has had her bathroom painted. 4 Jo is going to have/get her eye checked tomorrow. 5 Will Brian have his car washed later?

5 1 cough   2 pass out 3 painless   4 taste 5 headache

6 1 dizzy   2 effects   3 round 4 after   5 fever

7 1 incurable   2 painful 3 hopeless   4 unavoidable 5 unpredictable

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘the realization that a cure may have actually been found by a disparate group of researchers, many of them California-based’ 2 False. ‘The problem was that no one could work out how they managed to stay immune.’ 3 False. ‘the development of a vaccine is only a first step’ 4 True. ‘the antibodies have targeted a completely new region of the HIV virus’

2 1 akin to   2 immune 3 isolated   4 targeted 5 variants

3 1 Finding a cure for AIDS has been one of the greatest challenges in modern medical science. 2 The breakthrough the Californian researchers made was to isolate two antibodies that can be used to stop many of the HIV virus’s forms. 3 Having discovered the antibodies, researchers now need to do some careful testing to see if people in the general population can produce protective antibodies. 4 The reason why it’s been hard to cure the HIV virus is because it has so many forms that it’s difficult to attack all of them.

178

4 1 This new vaccine is different because it attacks a different region of the HIV virus which is known to infect our cells and which is similar across the many variants of the virus. This means it can attack many more of the different variants of the HIV virus.

5 Students’ own answers. Multiple choice 1 1 b   2 d   3 d   4 a   5 a 6 c   7 a   8 c

2 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 4 1 1 wouldn’t work / didn’t need 2 would you give / won 3 will ruin / spill 4 were / would buy 5 won’t go / starts 6 loses / will she find

2 1 If I had read the book I would have known what the film was about. 2 If Jo hadn’t arrived late she would have had time for lunch. 3 If Tim had studied very hard he wouldn’t have failed the exam. 4 Daniel would have some money if he hadn’t lost his wallet. 5 The children wouldn’t have been hungry if they had had something to eat.

3 1 provided that   2 even if 3 As long as   4 unless 5 Even if

4 1 I wish I didn’t feel tired. 2 If only he didn’t live so far away. 3 If only he had taken his medicine this morning. 4 I wish we had some tickets. 5 I wish she wouldn’t use my hair brush all the time.

5 1 save   2 running costs 3 rip off   4 second hand 5 haggle

6 1 away   2 up   3 back 4 on   5 up

7 1 preference   2 consumerism 3 popularity   4 attraction

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘there has been one sector of the retail economy that seems to have gained from the recession, and that’s online shopping’

2 True. ‘As consumers have become increasingly concerned about comparing prices and finding bargains, the lower prices found on the internet have resulted in a huge growth in its share of the retail market.’ 3 False. ‘Experts in the retail industry say that ... online shopping will continue to increase its market share.’

2 1 … the economic downturn has affected their spending power. 2 … will go down as retailers won’t want to spend millions on building new stores. 3 … they are comfortable with and knowledgeable about the internet.

3 1 sector 2 downturn/recession/slump 3 diverted   4 frugality 5 wandering

4 1 The economic downturn has meant that people have less money to spend and shopping online is cheaper. 2 Major companies are spending more money on developing online shopping and less money on new stores. 3 They may be taken over by highstreet giants like Wal-Mart.

5 Students’ own answers. Multiple choice 1 1 b   2 b   3 d   4 b   5 d 6 a   7 b   8 c

2 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 5 1 1 ‘I won’t go to your party this evening,’ said Sarah. 2 ‘You have to wear a suit next Saturday,’ said John. 3 ‘Have you found my wallet?’ asked Danny. 4 ‘Don’t touch my bike,’ said Frank. 5 ‘I didn’t see my sister yesterday,’ said Paula.

2 1 Donna asked if we had been waiting there long. 2 Rowan said the children had come home late the night before. 3 Grant asked where she had left their car. 4 Henry said he was going to work harder the following month. 5 Felicity said she couldn’t swim very well.

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Photocopiable

Tests (PLUS) answer key

6 Phil asked if Sophie’s parents knew where she was. 7 Paul said he had been there the night before. 8 Anna said she hoped I/we would enjoy the party the following day.

3 1 Ian asked/told Emma to bring her bag. 2 Colin suggested ordering a takeaway. 3 Joe told me/us not to use that towel. 4 Dad told Louise to do her homework.

4 1 Carl apologized for losing my watch. 2 Janice advised me to to go on a diet. 3 Ivan warned the tourists to wear a lifejacket. 4 Philippa admitted not having any money. 5 Tom agreed to buy me a ticket.

5 1 extra-curricular   2 queue 3 inter-continental   4 tent 5 book/reserve   6 chronicle

6 1 makers   2 between 3 pack   4 for   5 cream

7 1 multi   2 over   3 under 4 re   5 extra   6 inter

Reading and writing 1 1 You should consider going somewhere that is inexpensive to go to by plane, and cheap to travel in and stay in when you get there. 2 They should get discount cards in order to get cheap bus and train fares and should stay in cheap places like youth hostels. 3 They are expensive, heavy to carry and you can do better things like keeping a blog.

2 1 roughing it    2  low on funds 3 be alert for 4 off the beaten track 5 lighten her wallet

3 1 False. ‘actually you can go places on surprisingly little’ 2 True. ‘go for the one with the cheaper flight, and that’s Mexico’ 3 True. ‘eat local food rather than heading for the nearest McDonald’s’ 4 False. ‘not to lighten her wallet or weigh down her backpack with pointless ornaments’

4 Students’ own answers. Photocopiable

Multiple choice 1 1 a   2 d   3 a   4 a   5 b 6 b   7 d   8 c

2 Students’ own answers.

Unit test 6 1 1 who   2 where   3 which 4 whose   5 when

2 1 Grant lives in a house in the country which doesn’t have any running water. 2 I’ll always remember the summer’s day when I first met Marta. 3 Joanne works in my local dental surgery, where they carry out a lot of new techniques. 4 I know a baker whose bread tastes absolutely fantastic. 5 We walked as far as the ancient lighthouse, which was right on the edge of the sea.

3 1 Gary is a good-looking boy I met while I was on holiday. D 2 Dan is an interpreter who works for the United Nations in New York. D 3 My grandmother is only 50 years old, which is still quite young really. ND 4 We travelled on a steam train, which was fun. ND 5 Roberta wore a lovely cotton dress, which her mother had made. ND

4 1 about / Art is a subject about which he knows a lot. 2 to / To whom were you talking? 3 about / That’s the book about which I was telling you. 4 for / Peter Grove is the manager for whom I used to work. 5 of / Kelly is someone of whom I have a low opinion.

5 1 reluctance   2 adaptable 3 sensitive   4 earn   5 miss

6 1 initiative   2 integrity 3 reluctance   4 dishonesty 5 strength

7 1 with   2 flow   3 up 4 up   5 earn

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘made a profit... Our pockets would be full of coins by the end of lunchtime’ 2 False. ‘envisaged other entrepreneurial schemes, including starting their own bicycle repair service’

3 False. ‘make money by charging high-street retailers to advertise products on their webpages’

2 1 … buying sweets from a local shop then selling them at a higher price in the playground. 2 … they get discounts and special offers. 3 … investing in his business.

3 1 typical   2 shrewd 3 a bit of a whizz 4 spark   5 tidy profit

4 1 He puts the money back into the business. 2 It charges high-street retailers to advertise products on its webpages, and customers sign up and buy products through the websites.

5 Students’ own answers. Multiple choice 1 1 a   2 d   3 c   4 c   5 c 6 b   7 b   8 a

2 Students’ own answers.

End-of-term test 1 1 1 decided / hadn’t seen 2 has lost / lost 3 hasn’t swum / hasn’t had 4 didn’t last / won 5 has had / was 6 did they buy / have they had 7 felt / had forgotten 8 have you known / Did you meet 9 made / knew 10 woke / hadn’t set

2 1 did you last see 2 had forgotten 3 had been painting 4 hasn’t done 5 have you broken 6 has been staying 7 has lost 8 have seen

3 1 How long have you been staying at the campsite? 2 We have been here since Monday. 3 What part of the holiday have you enjoyed the most? 4 Well, I have tried windsurfing three times. 5 Really? What other sports have you been doing this week?

4 1 shouldn’t/ought not to   2 can’t 3 has to/must 4 needn’t/doesn’t have to 5 could/might/may

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Tests (PLUS) answer key

6 doesn’t have to/needn’t 7 must/have to

5 1 must   2 should/ought to 3 can’t   4 may/might/could 5 needn’t

6 1 They needn’t get up very early. 2 Paul must have gone to bed by now. 3 Stuart has to work on Sunday mornings. 4 Karen can’t be at work. She’s at home. 5 We mustn’t/can’t use a dictionary in the exam. 6 The weather may/might/could get better tomorrow. 7 Penny should/ought to save more of her pocket money. 8 We mustn’t run in the corridors. 9 You should/ought to wear a scarf on a chilly day. 10 Peter needn’t get a part-time job.

7 1 must have lost 2 shouldn’t have stayed 3 must/has to leave 4 can’t have seen 5 might/may not be 6 should have done

8 1 debate   2 skim 3 broadsheets   4 burgle 5 statement   6 misdemeanour

9 1 in   2 to   3 for 4 about   5  of

10 1 flash   2 minded   3 casts 4 spirited   5 spoken 6 hearted   7 front   8 lines

11 1 to buy   2 to send   3 eating 4 meeting   5 to say

Reading and writing 1 1 True. ‘The laces of one of his trainers caught in the top of the window frame’ 2 False. ‘aware that Joe had been up to no good by breaking into the house’ 3 False. ‘Joe did his best to persuade the owner to release him, claiming that he had ended up as he was because he’d heroically been chasing the real burglar.’ 4 True. ‘at first, had thought that her neighbours were having home repairs carried out’

2 1 Passers-by didn’t help Joe because they realized that he was a burglar in the middle of carrying out a crime.



2 The owner probably didn’t believe Joe’s excuse because he was holding a hammer and there were stolen goods all over the floor. 3 A neighbour explained that she hadn’t responded when she first heard noises because she thought her neighbours were having their house renovated.

3 It is predicted that the cost of treatment will rise in some countries. 4 The rise of online shopping will be affected as today’s teenagers become grown-ups. 5 It is said that this hot weather will continue all summer.

7 1 The neighbours have had their house renovated. 2 Is Susan going to have/get her carpet cleaned? 3 Vera had/got her fortune told. 4 Moira is having fallen branches cleared away from her garden. 5 I will have/get my dining room redecorated next month.

3 1 bungled   2 a laughing stock 3 hapless   4 strolling 5 predicament

4 Students’ own answers. Multiple choice 1 1 c   2 a   3 a   4 a   5 c 6 b   7 c   8 c

8 1 If I had had some money I would have bought something in the sales. 2 As long as it doesn’t rain later we will go for a picnic. 3 If Robert hadn’t fallen asleep he wouldn’t have missed the film. 4 Unless Sandy studies more, she’ll fail the exam. 5 If Paul hadn’t been working hard all day, he wouldn’t have been so tired.

2 Students’ own answers.

End-of-term test 2 1 1 went / hadn’t been 2 lost / hasn’t found 3 met / had seen 4 have you visited / did you like 5 got / has gone

2 1 Sally has just got home this minute. 2 How long have you been waiting here? 3 James hasn’t seen any good films recently. 4 Has Gareth just broken his leg? 5 Sue had been crying for 20 minutes before someone asked if she was OK.

3 1 shouldn’t   2 has to/must 3 don’t have to/needn’t 4 mustn’t   5 may/might/could

4 1 was won 2 haven’t been found 3 will be built    4  is being served 5 have been removed

9 1 I wish I wasn’t lonely. 2 If only he wouldn’t practise every evening. 3 If only she had got up early this morning. 4 I wish we knew some people here. 5 If only he wouldn’t complain about my cooking.

10 1 dumb   2 felt   3 came 4 rip   5  give

11 1 of   2 down   3 about 4 over   5 out   6 out 7 up   8 off   9 up    10 back

12 1 plain-speaking   2 organ 3 nauseous   4 cash 5 profitable

5 1 A Mayan temple has recently been excavated in the forest. 2 Interesting art work is being designed for the exhibition. 3 All the rubbish bins are going to be emptied. 4 My key may have been lost when I was dancing. 5 The classroom was being tidied when I arrived.

6 1 It is said that researchers have made incredible scientific breakthroughs in recent years. 2 Robbie Williams is said to be performing here later tonight.

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘one in 20 Americans ... is a compulsive buyer ... plenty of people here fall into a similar category’

2 True. ‘Being a shopaholic is the butt of countless sit-com jokes’



3 True. ‘men, regardless of their social class, are just as prone to the disorder’

2 1 racks   2 reveal   3 absurd 4 condoning   5 prone to

3 1 … if you buy lots of things you never use.

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Photocopiable

Tests (PLUS) answer key

2 … making a joke about it. 3 … advertisements, credit cards and welcoming shops. 4 … they are less likely to ask for help, and are often called ‘collectors’.

4 Students’ own answers. Multiple choice 1 1 b   2 c   3 b   4 d   5 d 6 c   7 b   8 a

2 Students’ own answers.

End-of-term test 3 1 1 How long have they been sitting over there? 2 Rebecca had been listening to the radio just before Ben walked in. 3 Has Claire met any interesting people recently? 4 Has she owned her own apartment since August? 5 Rob had already washed his car when we got back.

2 1 shouldn’t have got 2 can’t have gone 3 must/has to take 4 must be    5  must have swum

3 1 Prizes are being presented to the successful students. 2 All the letters are going to be posted tomorrow. 3 Janet’s bag may have been lost during the taxi journey home. 4 The old swimming pool has been closed down. 5 The station won’t be reached until midnight.

4 1 hadn’t spent   2 will win 3 doesn’t rain   4 had 5 will they stay   6 knew

5 1 Diana said she hadn’t taken the bus the day before. 2 The shop assistant asked us if we were looking for something then. 3 Ruth said the car had broken down the previous Saturday. 4 They told us they were going to help them the following day. 5 Fiona said she couldn’t see anything there. 6 Jo asked us where we played tennis.

6 1 Tanya said they had spent two nights there the weekend before. 2 Bridget wondered whether they would catch their flight the following Thursday. Photocopiable

3 Fiona said she had broken her wrist the previous day.

7 1 Mr Smith told Amanda to put her mobile phone away. 2 Sue advised Andy to watch less TV. 3 Jim apologized for forgetting to bring the tickets. 4 Debbie suggested going out later. 5 Josephine asked Sally to clean the bathroom.

8 1 which   2 whose   3 where 4 which   5 where   6 when 7 which   8 when   9 where 10 which

9 1 John, who is very friendly, is my neighbour. 2 The summer house, which belongs to my uncle, is situated on a lake. 3 We went for a long walk along the seashore, where it is really lovely. 4 Brad Hughes, whose brother is in my class at school, was selected to represent his region in the championships.

10 1 hop   2 of   3 effects   4 off 5 goods   6 fast   7 agent 8 for   9 tick    10 up

11 1 broadsheets   2 court 3 purchase   4 multilingual 5 hitchhike   6  outgoing

12 1 predictable   2 procedure 3 popularity   4 oversleep 5 strength

Reading and writing 1 1 True. ‘he beat thousands of applicants’ 2 True. ‘he hadn’t realized his face would be in every newspaper in Australia’ 3 False. ‘You’d expect someone in my position to have loads of qualifications’ 4 False. ‘I barely have enough time to work on my tan’ 5 False. ‘As global tourism figures continue to fall because of the worldwide economic downturn, Dan has his work cut out to attract visitors to his little bit of paradise’

2 1 Dan got the job by putting together a video and ‘being himself’ in interviews. 2 The reason for publicizing Dan’s appointment was to get some publicity for the island as a place to go.

3 Dan spends time learning about the island’s ecology so that he can help encourage diving companies to invest.

3 1 coveted   2 tongue-in-cheek 3 splashing 4 has his work cut out    5  smash

4 It is Dan’s job to write a daily blog, make videos and take photos to put online in order to advertise the place. He also has to engage in PR-related duties, including meeting politicians, giving speeches, talking to tourism representatives and meeting travellers from around the world.

5 Students’ own answers. Multiple choice 1 1 b   2 a   3 b   4 c   5 b 6 c   7 c   8 b

2 Students’ own answers.

End-of-year test 1 1 1 sold / haven’t bought 2 has just found / had planned 3 had asked / had said 4 just got / hasn’t had 5 twisted / has spent

2 1 have you been staying 2 have been 3 Have you enjoyed 4 hadn’t expected 5 have you been doing 6 have walked 7 have been snorkelling 8 had tried

3 1 Graham must be waiting at the bus stop. 2 Wayne may/might/could have lost the game yesterday. 3 You needn’t buy a ticket. 4 You mustn’t drive when drunk. 5 Dan should have done his homework.

4 1 will be posted    2  are baked 3 was stolen    4  are being filled 5 hasn’t been paid

5 1 have / will    2  would / have / had 3 had / have    4  had / would 5 would / have

6 1 Rosalind said she hadn’t seen the documentary the night before. 2 Penny told us not to sit on that sofa. 3 Amy asked where she was going the following day.

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Tests (PLUS) answer key

4 Pam suggested having a picnic there that day. 5 Olive warned me not to go swimming the following night. 6 Bruce asked me to hold the door open for him.

7 1 I’ve got an aunt who works for the local council. 2 The children, whose parents had gone out to a restaurant, were very noisy. 3 The ice cream I made tasted delicious. 4 I can’t remember a summer when the weather was as nice as this. 5 I went to a shopping centre where a famous pop star was opening a music shop.

8 1 affairs   2 effects   3 system 4 drinks   5 cream   6 trip 7 flow

9 1 in   2 for   3 of   4 about 5 out   6 after   7 up 8 for   9 with    10 up

10 1 objective   2 tabloid   3 victim 4 guilty   5 cool-headed 6 harmful   7 buy   8 lose 9 weakness    10 dishonesty

11 1 turning point   2 juror 3 suffer   4 rip off   5 remind

12 1 broadcast   2 podcast 3 hard-hitting   4 headache 5 backpack   6 sightseers 7 single-minded   8 spotlight

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘tutor both staff reporters and aspiring young journalists ... how to write in tabloid style’ 2 False. ‘Learning how to write witty and dramatic headlines, and how to condense stories into a few words, is something that is new in a country where newspapers are traditionally serious and thorough.’ 3 True. ‘a deserved reputation’

2 1 Its appearance and style is similar to that of The Sun, and, like The Sun, it has dramatic headlines and lots of humaninterest stories, horoscopes and agony aunt columns. 2 He is described as tough-looking but friendly, talkative, articulate and emotional.

3 1 notorious   2 studious 3 dearth   4 earthy 5 a far cry from

Multiple choice 1 1 c   2 b   3 c   4 a   5 c 6 a   7 b   8 c

2 Students’ own answers.

End-of-year test 2 1 1 flew   2 had visited 3 had been raining   4 were 5 has been spending 6 hasn’t travelled

2 1 They had closed the school when I got there so I didn’t go in. 2 Has Sue seen the film yet? Perhaps she saw it last night. 3 Gordon has been doing his homework all morning. He has nearly finished it. 4 Yesterday morning, I had only been jogging for ten minutes when I suddenly slipped and fell. 5 Sharon hadn’t been waiting very long when we arrived.

3 1 should have    2 ought to/should   3 needn’t    4 might have   5 have to

4 1 Electricity was discovered in the eighteenth century. 2 Thousands of pizzas are delivered every day. 3 The national bank has been robbed by an armed gang. 4 We didn’t have our car cleaned by anybody yesterday. 5 The post is being delivered at this moment.

5 1 is / will go 2 would you have done / hadn’t managed 3 won’t come / wants 4 had said / would have made 5 would help / had

6 1 Sam asked what time I had got up the previous morning. 2 Steve advised me to call Frank. 3 Ray told us not to shout inside that building. 4 Pam suggested going walking in the mountains. 5 Marianne asked me to close the window for her.

7 1 Paula is a good friend who is kind and generous. 2 Harry Smith, whose parents run the newsagent’s shop, lives at the corner of the street. 3 Mahogany is a wood which grows in tropical forests.

4 1968 was an interesting year when the flower power revolution took place. 5 Cambridge is an attractive town where there are a lot of university buildings.

8 1 point   2 hopping   3 system 4 poisoning   5 hand   6 bag 7 rate   8 tick

9 1 down   2 to   3  about   4 of 5 round   6 up   7 back 8 between   9 about    10 up

10 1 tabloids/broadsheets 2 flash/bulletin   3 press/media 4 burglars/robbers   5 cure/heal

11 1 press conference   2 parody 3 intuitive   4 suspect 5 smell   6 misdemeanour

12 1 webpages   2 headlines 3 cool-headed   4 single-minded 5 underestimated   6 countryside 7 holidaymakers   8 guidebook 9 outgoing    10 airline

Reading and writing 1 1 False. ‘over half the population had considered life abroad at some point’ 2 True. ‘can affect both health and happiness. Expatriate life can be isolating’ 3 True. ‘some of these “types” may respond negatively to new surroundings’ 4 False. ‘it’s important to make friends locally with people from the new culture and with fellow ex-pats’

2 1 People want to go and live abroad because they idealistically dream of a more rewarding new life. 2 Before moving abroad, you should make sure you are aware of the potential downside of the new place.

3 1 tempered 2 reckless 3 ex-pats 4 rose-tinted 5 meticulously

4 Students’ own answers.

Multiple choice 1 1 b   2 b   3 c   4 d   5 c 6 b   7 a   8 b

2 Students’ own answers.

4 Students’ own answers. 182

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Photocopiable

1

LISTENING Test

Name:

1

14

Score:      

Read and listen to these words from the listening text. Make sure you know what they mean.

tap into use or get some benefit from a group of people news agency a business that provides newspapers and television stations with news from around the world commission officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you footage film of a particular subject or event portals websites that have links to other places sound bite a short comment that is taken from a longer speech and broadcast alone because it is interesting or effective

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. What do you think the interview is going to be about? Presenter Hello and welcome to News Today. A recent report suggests that while teenagers don’t actively go out of their way to access the news online, they will click on anything that seems interesting, and that includes current news stories. So, the challenge for news organizations is to tap into the teen market with news stories that appeal to adolescents. To talk about this topic is today’s guest, Mark Jones, who is the producer of Newsline, one of the net’s major news providers.

3

15

Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 Mark Jones’ news agency …

5 Teenagers are more likely to click on a news story



a is the largest news provider on the net.



b is the only agency to produce a report.



a it has a funny title.



c is criticized strongly in the report.



b it covers politics.



d was involved in the commissioning of the



c it comes with images.



d they already know the story.

report. 2 Mark says that what they have found out from the

if …

6 The best way for news providers to catch the eyes of teenagers is to …

report is …

a not as useful as they had hoped.



a use zappy graphics.



b an exciting opportunity for his agency.



b use pop ups.



c something they already suspected.



c improve their websites.



d that teens find news sites exciting.



d make stories less complex.

3 The report shows that teenagers will click on news stories …

7 News stories that don’t attract teenagers include …

a the ones you find on large internet portals.



b political stories and stories about public



a only if they reflect their interests.



b if they are half as long as regular articles.



c if they can report on them.



c stories that are neither dramatic nor amusing.



d that are typical of what’s currently on news



d speeches by leading politicians.

sites.

affairs.

8 Mark says that news providers should avoid stories

4 The sort of thing that appeals to a teenager about a news story includes …

which …

a are depressing and offer no hope.



a humour.



b ask how teenagers are feeling.



b fantasy.



c are about awful disasters.



c honesty.



d upset teens by asking for their help.



d accuracy.

Photocopiable

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183

2

LISTENING Test

Name:

1

16

Score:     

Read and listen to these words from the listening text. Make sure you know what they mean.

interrogation the process of asking someone a lot of questions in an angry or threatening way, in order to get information suspect someone who the police believe may have committed a crime isolated feeling alone and unhappy, with no friends to support you trust a feeling of confidence in someone that shows you believe they are honest, fair and reliable observe watch or study someone or something with care and attention in order to discover something lie deliberately say something that is not true

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. What do you think the interview is going to be about? Presenter Hello and welcome to Inside Story. On today’s show, we’ll be investigating how the police force interrogates suspects. It’s a difficult and highly specialized job, and here to tell us all about it is Detective Inspector Sara Cunningham.

3

17

Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 According to DI Cunningham, interrogation rooms

6 In a typical interrogation, an interrogator is likely to …

should be …

a large and creepy.



b white and empty.



c small and dark.



d real and comfortable.

2 An interrogation room should make a suspect feel …

a relaxed.



b uneasy.



c upset.



d trusting.

3 According to DI Cunningham, an interrogator should start an interrogation by …

a asking the suspect about the crime.



b not trusting what the suspect says.



c getting a suspect to feel you are like him or her.



d explaining why you are talking.



a start talking about a hobby or interest and



b start with harmless questions about the crime

wait until the suspect brings up the crime. before asking tougher questions.

c start by talking about something unimportant



d discuss the crime in general terms first before

before asking about the crime. demanding specifics. 7 Watching a suspect’s eyes when they answer questions is important because …

a if they move their eyes upwards it probably



b they move their eyes from left to right when

means they are lying. they have to remember something.

c it’s really important to maintain eye contact.



d their eyes move in different ways depending

4 A way of getting a suspect to talk a lot is to …

common.

b ask him or her to describe the crime in detail.



c prepare careful questions to ask.



d challenge what they say and make them explain.

5 Getting suspects to start talking is a good idea because …

184

on whether they are recalling or thinking

a chat about something you both have in



a it’s difficult to lie once you’ve started talking.



b they are more likely to agree with you.



c they come across as harmless individuals.



d it enables you to listen and take detailed notes.

about things. 8 A suspect is probably telling the truth if you ask him or her to remember something and their eyes move …

a to the right.



b to the left.



c up.



d down.

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3

LISTENING Test

Name:

1

18

Score:      

Read and listen to these words from the listening text. Make sure you know what they mean.

practice a business that is owned and managed by a professional, e.g. a doctor or dentist hygienist someone who helps a dentist by cleaning people’s teeth appointment an arrangement to see someone at a particular time, especially for a meeting or to get a professional service shift a period of work time in a place where some people work during the day and some work at night lecture a long serious talk that criticizes you or warns you about something, especially when this is annoying floss to clean between your teeth with dental floss

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. What do you think the interview is going to be about? Presenter In our series on jobs in the modern world, we’ve looked at careers in law, engineering and marketing. And today we’re talking to two health workers, Clive and Christina. One of them is a dentist and the other a doctor.

3

19

Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 In Clive’s dental practice, there are …

5 Christina doesn’t regret being a doctor because …



a seven employees.



a she likes working weekends.



b three dentists.



b her job is worth it.



c five employees.



c she spends most of her time talking to



d four dentists.

2 Clive starts his mornings with …

people.

d she has good patients.



a a meeting.



b an appointment.



c a staff problem.



a wanted to be a scientist.



d a cup of coffee.



b liked studying hard.



c loved science but likes working with people.



d missed being with people.

3 In a typical week, Clive works …

6 Christina chose to become a doctor because she …



a at the weekend.



b regular hours.

7 Clive decided to become a dentist because he …



c every other Friday.



a likes being surrounded by patients.



d for only four days.



b wanted to practise medicine.



c liked medicine but didn’t think patients

4 Christina works …

needed his attention.



a from 8 am till 8 pm.



b from 8 am till 10 pm.



c through the night.

8 In the afternoons, Clive …



d day and night shifts.



a spends a lot of time giving his patients



b does more complex operations.



c sees his regular patients.



d feels worried or bored by his patients’



d wanted to control his working day.

advice.

reactions.

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185

4

LISTENING Test

Name:

1

20

Score:      

Read and listen to these words from the listening text. Make sure you know what they mean.

fashion buyer person in the retail industry who decides what items will be stocked in a shop leading designer an important, successful person who creates clothes sample example or small amount of something that shows you what all of it is like order request for a product to be made for you or delivered to you budget the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on something demand the amount of a product or service that people want, or the fact that they want it trendy extremely fashionable, but often silly or annoying

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. What do you think the interview is going to be about? Presenter On tonight’s edition of High Fashion, we’ll be talking to Maggie Ray, a fashion buyer for one of the country’s leading chains of clothes stores. Maggie is obviously an expert in the world of fashion and I, for one, am hoping to get some tips from her about what I should be wearing or looking out for in the shops this spring.

3

21

Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 In her job, Maggie …

a has to meet thousands of women from all



b helps some of the world’s leading experts

over the world. design clothes.

c organizes fashion shows in New York, Paris and Milan.



d visits shows and designers to do deals to order new clothes.

2 What does Maggie dislike most about her job?

a dealing with designers



b having to sit on planes so often



c spending long days at fashion shows



d staying in boring hotels

3 What does Maggie say about meeting designers?

a She often has to spend all day with one designer.



b She has a lot to do whenever she meets a designer.



c She thinks being with designers is very glamorous.



d She wishes she had more time with designers.

5 When buying designs for her company, Maggie …

a has to check all the orders with her boss.



b can order whatever clothes she wants.



c has to use particular designers.



d has a limited amount of money to spend.

6 How does Maggie describe fashion shows?

a She finds them impossible to describe.



b She finds it hard to get a ticket.



c A lot of journalists come without tickets.



d There are too many photographers.

7 When Maggie arrived late for a fashion show, she …

a realized she’d lost her ticket.



b couldn’t get in.



c had lost her seat.



d demanded a new seat.

8 What fashionable clothes does Maggie recommend for the spring?

a short, full skirts



b shoes with a heel



c high-necked T-shirts



d pullovers with no sleeves

4 On a business trip, Maggie generally spends the evenings …

186



a going through samples.



b in meetings with designers.



c making orders for clothes.



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5

LISTENING Test

Name:

1

22

Score:      

Read and listen to these words from the listening text. Make sure you know what they mean.

stroll a slow walk for pleasure tram a long narrow vehicle that travels along metal tracks in the middle of a street and is used as public transport jet lag the feeling of being very tired and sometimes confused because you have travelled on a plane across parts of the world where the time is different visa an official document or mark in your passport that allows you to enter or leave a country for a specific purpose or period of time simulate produce the features of something in a way that seems real but is not deepen know or understand more about something

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. What do you think the interview is going to be about? Presenter Believe it or not, after a Saturday spent travelling on the Trans-Siberian Express and a Sunday in the Andean mountains of Peru, I wasted much of today wandering the streets of Berlin, Germany’s capital city.

3

23

Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 Where did the presenter ‘travel to’ online on

5 According to Steve, the purpose of virtual travel is

Sunday?

to …



a Germany’s capital city



a simulate the smell of places.



b Peru’s mountains



b deepen the real experience.



c Siberia by train



c help people decide if they want to travel to



d The wild west

d help people make a real journey.

2 In Berlin, she …

foreign places.



a visited a well-known monument.

6 The presenter thinks that virtual travel …



b visited a world-class museum.





c took a trip up the TV tower.



d walked through the streets.

3 Which is NOT mentioned as a good thing about virtual travel?

a It costs less than real travel.



b You can travel to different continents quickly.



c You never get tired.



d You don’t need to carry any documentation.

4 According to Steve Forbes, virtual travel is not a replacement for real travel because …

a you can’t hear people speaking different languages.

a will decrease the number of people who travel abroad.



b is a competition for real travel.



c is especially positive for people with financial problems.



d will make people more curious about real travel.

7 According to Steve, tourism to foreign places will …

a increase thanks to virtual travel.



b be cheaper in the future.



c depend on the age of travellers.



d depend on travel companies.



b it’s not exotic.

8 What effect may virtual travel have on real travel?



c you can’t meet people.



a International flights will be reasonably priced.



d is not a genuine travel experience.



b People will be more prepared to travel in the real world.

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c People will want to travel more.



d It will be cheaper to stay in foreign places.

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187

6

LISTENING Test

Name:

1

24

Score:      

Read and listen to these words from the listening text. Make sure you know what they mean.

hilarious extremely funny hopeless not skilful at all gruesome extremely unpleasant or repulsive, horrific disgusting extremely unpleasant scrape remove something by pulling a hard tool across the surface it is on pointless lacking any purpose or use

2 Read the opening paragraph of a radio interview. What do you think the interview is going to be about? Presenter Welcome back to today’s phone-in. Today we’re asking, what’s the world’s worst job? We’ve had a couple of hilarious suggestions from listeners already but we’d like to hear more. So, call 0788 444 5555 with your nominations. Right. We have Jenny on line one.

3

25

Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct.

1 What was Jenny’s job?

5 What was the worst part of Amy’s job?



a She was a singer on a cruise ship.



a the boredom of the routine



b She used to entertain passengers.



b cleaning the conveyor belt



c For six months, she worked on a cruise ship.



c putting eggs in boxes



d She was a sailor on a ship.



d clearing out all the boxes

2 What was awful about Jenny’s job?

6 What does Amy say about the rotten eggs?



a Being at sea for so long was boring.



a It was hard to get them off the belt.



b The entertainment was really poor.



b The eggs used to fall off the belt and smash.



c She felt nauseous most of the time.



c She had to scrape them off every day.



d Once, the ship rolled on its side.



d They used to cause the conveyor belt to break.

3 In his job, Matt had to …

a taste cat food.

7 What does Denis say about his job?



b check the nutritional content of the food.



a He was hopeless at it.



c smell cat food.



b It is the worst job he’s ever had.



d sell cat food.



c It was really hard to do.



d It was a complete waste of time.

4 What did Matt wear to do the job?

188



a a pair of gloves



b a particular type of boot



c his ordinary shoes



a £18.99



d a white overcoat



b £19.99



c £20.99



d £21.99

8 How much were the jumpers priced at by the end of the first day when Denis did the job?

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Speaking Test

Evaluation chart and assessment criteria 8–10 Very good attempt 5–7

Adequate attempt

0–4

Poor attempt

Name: Class: Grammar

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8–10 Student uses a wide range of grammatical structures accurately 5–7 Student makes mistakes but these don’t impede comprehension of the overall message 0–4 Student uses a very limited range of grammatical structures. Student’s message is full of mistakes and is unclear

Vocabulary

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8–10 Student uses appropriate vocabulary 5–7 Student uses a limited range of vocabulary but paraphrases successfully. Student makes minor mistakes that confuse the message 0–4 Student uses a poor range of vocabulary. The message is confused

Speaking production

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8–10 Student produces extended utterances and uses appropriate connectors 5–7 Student knows what he/she wants to say but the flow of language is slightly disconnected 0–4 Message is difficult to follow and rather incoherent

Pronunciation

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8–10 There are no major difficulties with understanding the student’s utterance 5–7 There are some difficulties with understanding the student’s utterance but the overall message is comprehensible 0–4 Problems with pronunciation make the message difficult to understand

Speaking interaction

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8–10 Student is able to initiate and engage in conversation 5–7 Student initiates conversation when prompted to and responds to questions from the examiner or another student 0–4 Language is seriously restricted. Student shows little understanding of what the examiner or another student says

Global achievement

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8–10 The overall contribution puts little or no demand on the listener 5–7 The listener needs to engage with the student to clarify difficulties in comprehension. There is an understandable, final message 0–4 The overall output from the student is confused and unclear. Student makes little or no effort to communicate

Total score:

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  / 60

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189

1

Speaking Test

Name:

Score:      /60

Telling anecdotes 1 Look at the photographs and think about the answers to the questions below. Then describe the photographs. 1 What are the people in the photos doing? 2 What sort of stories do you think they are telling or listening to? 3 In what ways are the speakers’ situations different, and how does that affect the way they tell their stories? 4 In the bottom photo, how are the people who are listening reacting to the story? 5 What do people do and say when they hear a funny story?

2 Read the task and tell your own anecdote. Remember to describe what happened and say how you felt and why.

Task Tell a funny story about something that happened recently to you or one of your friends.

190

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2

Speaking Test

Name:

Score:      /60

Expressing opinions 1 Look at the photographs and think about the answers to the questions below. Then describe the photographs. 1 What can you see in the photos? 2 Where is the graffiti? 3 In what ways are the graffiti in the photos different? 4 What sort of people produced the graffiti in the two photos? 5 Why do you think they produced this graffiti? 6 What is your reaction to the graffiti in each photo?

2 Read the task and express your opinion. Remember to say what you think and check that people understand you.

Task Painting graffiti is a crime and we should punish the people who do it. Discuss.

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191

3

Speaking Test

Name:

Score:      /60

Agreeing and disagreeing 1 Look at the photographs and think about the answers to the questions below. Then describe the photographs. 1 What sort of alternative medical treatments can you see in the photos? 2 How do you think these treatments are supposed to work? 3 Where do people go to have these forms of treatment? 4 Why do people use these forms of treatment instead of more traditional medicine? 5 In your opinion, how effective are these forms of treatment?

2 Read the task and say whether you agree or disagree with the proposition. If you are working with a partner, remember to check your understanding of their point of view.

Task Alternative medical treatments such as reflexology and acupuncture should be offered by our family doctors. Discuss.

192

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4

Speaking Test

Name:

Score:      /60

Complaining 1 Look at the photographs and think about the answers to the questions below. Then describe the photographs. 1 Who are the people in the photos? 2 Where are they? 3 What do you think the people might be complaining about? 4 What are they saying and what is their tone of voice? 5 How do you think the other people will respond? 6 What do you think will happen as a result?

2 Read the task and make a complaint. Remember to state clearly what you expect and to be polite. Task Imagine you are a customer in one of the situations in the photos. Make a complaint.

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193

5

Speaking Test

Name:

Score:      /60

Talking about choices 1 Look at the photographs and think about the answers to the questions below. Then describe the photographs. 1 Where are the people in the photos? 2 What sort of holiday are they on? 3 What are the people doing, and what do people typically do on these sorts of holiday? 4 What do people have to do to organize and plan each of these holidays? 5 Which of these sorts of holiday would you prefer to go on, and why?

2 Read the task and talk about your choice of holiday. Remember to use synonyms and paraphrase when you don’t know the right word.

Task Which sort of holiday would you prefer to go on – a beach holiday, a walking holiday or an adventure holiday? Why?

194

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6

Speaking Test

Name:

Score:      /60

Talking about advantages and

disadvantages 1 Look at the photographs and think about the answers to the questions below. Then describe the photographs. 1 Where are the people in the photos? 2 What are their jobs and what are they doing? 3 In what ways are the two jobs different? 4 What are the advantages of each job? 5 What are the disadvantages of each job? 6 How would you feel about doing each job?

2 Read the task and talk about the advantages and disadvantages of a job. Remember to personalize the discussion by saying how you would feel.

Task What sort of job would you like to do? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this job?

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195

LISTENING TESTS ANSWER KEY

Unit 1 Listening test

Unit 3 Listening test

Unit 5 Listening test

3 1 d

3 1 a

3 1 b

2 b 3 a 4 a 5 c 6 b 7 c 8 a

2 a 3 d 4 d 5 b 6 c 7 d 8 a

2 d 3 c 4 d 5 c 6 d 7 a 8 c

Unit 2 Listening test

Unit 4 Listening test

Unit 6 Listening test

3 1 b

3 1 d

3 1 c

2 b 3 c 4 a 5 a 6 c 7 d 8 a

2 b 3 b 4 c 5 d 6 c 7 c 8 d

2 c 3 c 4 b 5 b 6 a 7 d 8 b

196

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AUDIOSCRIPTS

Unit 1 P Presenter   M Mark P Hello and welcome to News Today. A recent report suggests that while teenagers don’t actively go out of their way to access the news online, they will click on anything that seems interesting, and that includes current news stories. So, the challenge for news organizations is to tap into the teen market with news stories that appeal to adolescents. To talk about this topic is today’s guest, Mark Jones, who is the producer of Newsline, one of the net’s major news providers. Hi, Mark. Can I start by asking what you make of the report? M Well, our news agency was one of a number of organizations that commissioned the report, so we’re really excited about its findings. What teens told us was that as they browse websites, they’ll click on anything that catches their eye. If they find it interesting, there is a high probability they will click on it. And that opens up a world of possibilities for organizations like ours. P In what way? M It tells us that teens will read our news stories so long as we meet them halfway by reporting on stories they like – and that means getting the topics right, including fantastic video footage, showing funny or weird stuff, and telling them new things they haven’t heard about before. P And how do you make sure your stories get their attention? M Well, organizations like ours have been developing ever more zappy and complex news sites, and, although these might appeal to an adult audience, they are pointless in terms of attracting teens. That’s because teenagers access large internet portals, not news websites. So what we have to do is develop news feeds which pop up on the sites where teens go. And these should of course be designed to interest teens. P What sorts of news stories don’t work with teens? M Well, you’d think that stuff like politics and public affairs would be boring for teens, but it isn’t if it’s presented in the right way. A sound bite … P … a what bite? M Sorry, it’s a media term. A sound bite is a short phrase or sentence taken from what somebody has said. It’s normally the bit that makes the strongest impact. Sometimes, even sound bites taken from a political speech can get a lot of Photocopiable

hits from teenagers as long as they’re dramatic or funny. One thing that news providers have to bear in mind though is that teenagers often find the news stressful. Negative stories about disasters and wars in the world can really upset teens. I’m not saying we shouldn’t cover these stories, but instead of having a news story that says, ‘There’s a disaster – Isn’t it awful?’ we need stories that say, ‘There’s a disaster – How can we help? How do you feel about it?’ Teenagers hate feeling hopeless. P Interesting … after the break Mark will tell us more about how teenage journalists are …

P S

P S

Unit 2 P Presenter   S Sara P Hello and welcome to Inside Story. On today’s show, we’ll be investigating how the police force interrogates suspects. It’s a difficult and highly specialized job, and here to tell us all about it is Detective Inspector Sara Cunningham. Welcome to the programme, Sara. S Thanks, I’m pleased to be here. P Sara, I’ve never been interrogated by the police before … S [laughs] P … It’s true! … So, I want you to take me through the process from the beginning. What do I need to do before I start? S Well, the first thing you should do is prepare the interrogation room or cell where the interrogation is going to take place. You should set it up so that it makes the suspect feel uncomfortable. In TV programmes or crime films, interrogation rooms often appear large and creepy, but in real life the best interrogation rooms are small and empty with white walls and no windows or pictures. P Really? Why is that? S Well, the main idea is to make the suspect feel isolated and uneasy. In a bare room with no decoration there’s nothing to look at and our natural feeling is to want to get out. P So …? S Well, suspects are more likely to tell the truth if they feel on edge and out of their natural environment. P Hmm, sounds scary. OK, so let’s imagine I’m going to interrogate someone. How do I start? I mean, what do you say to a person when you are going to interrogate them? ‘Hello, how are you?’ just doesn’t seem right. S No, it isn’t. There are two things you want to do at the start. The first is to win

P

S

P S

P S P S

P

S

P

the suspect’s trust, and the second is to get them talking. And how do I do that? Well, we tend to trust people who are like us, who have similar interests and views to us. So, to start with, you could try to find a hobby that you both like or you could just agree with things the suspect says. That way the suspect starts to relax and thinks you’re on his or her side. Right, and that’s when you try to get them talking about the crime? That’s it, yes, you’re starting to get the idea. Once someone starts talking, even if it’s about nothing, it’s hard to stop, and even harder to start lying when the officer changes the subject and begins to discuss the crime. OK. So, now that I have asked about the crime, how do I know if the suspect is lying? Well, right from the start of the interview, you should observe the suspect’s reactions and work out how they respond in different situations. That doesn’t sound too easy! It isn’t easy, but there are ways. For example, when you ask the suspect to remember something, you should observe what their eyes do – if the pupils of their eyes move to the right, it means they’re remembering something. If my eyes look to the right … you know that I’m remembering? Yes. And if you ask someone to think about something, they look upwards. And how does that help? Well, if you ask, ‘What were you doing at eight o’clock yesterday?’ and the suspect looks up, then you know they’re thinking, not remembering, and it suggests that they’re going to lie … Wow. That’s quite a technique. But what if the suspect knows about those tricks? Is there any other way we can check if somebody is lying? Well, there are other ways of catching a liar, but we need to keep a few secrets to ourselves! Fair enough. After the break …

Unit 3 P Presenter   Cl Clive   Ch Christina P In our series on jobs in the modern world, we’ve looked at careers in law, engineering and marketing. And today we’re talking to two health workers, Clive and Christina. One of them is a dentist and the other a doctor. Hello and welcome to the studio. Cl Hello. Ch Hi.

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197

AUDIOSCRIPTS

P You first, Clive. How does a typical day for a dentist start? Cl Well, I have my own practice where I work with a hygienist, a receptionist and four dental assistants, so we start every morning with a staff meeting where we discuss any problems and the appointments we have for the day. I work long hours and it can be hard but I take Fridays off, as well as the weekends. P And how do you feel when somebody opens their mouth at 9 o’clock on Monday morning and you have to look into it? Cl Well, mouths are my job so I don’t mind. Believe it or not, it can be really satisfying to look into someone’s mouth when you can see that they are really looking after their teeth. P OK, great. And what about you, Christina, what’s your working day like? Ch Well, you’ve probably heard about the long hours that young doctors like me have to put in … P Yes, I have. I’ve heard people talking about 65-hour weeks. Is that true? Ch Unfortunately, yes. In the hospital where I work we have to do shifts. Some of us work from eight in the morning till eight or ten in the evening, while other doctors start at eight in the evening and work through the night. Sometimes I work a day shift for one week and then the next week I work a night shift. P That must be exhausting! Ch It is, and we often have to work weekends too! P Do you regret choosing to become a doctor? Ch Not at all. Most days I talk to so many different people that I never get bored. Most patients are really grateful too and that makes the job worthwhile. P OK, so both of you: what was the main reason why you chose your careers? Ch Well, as a teenager I really wanted to be a scientist. But while I enjoyed studying, I missed being with people. Study can be very solitary. I suppose I realized that being a doctor would be a great way of pursuing my love of science but also a great way of working with lots of people. P And you Clive? Cl Well, I was always interested in medicine too but I liked the idea of being able to control my working day a bit more. I didn’t really want to be surrounded by patients needing my attention all the time so I chose to become a dentist and have my own practice. 198

P OK, thanks. Finally, you both have great responsibility in your work. How do you cope? How do you avoid making mistakes when you’re tired? Ch We try to prioritize the patients in the hospital so that we can deal with the more serious ones first. Later in the day, we work with the less serious injuries and always have other doctors and nurses around to check that no mistakes are made when we’re tired. P Is that something you do too Clive? Cl Yes, we try to get the difficult jobs over first too, especially any that are likely to be painful for the patient. I suppose that’s why I see a lot of young people later in the day. Their teeth are still good, but I seem to spend most of my afternoons delivering the same old lecture about looking after your teeth. I advise them on which brush to use, and on how to floss, while they sit there looking slightly worried. P Thanks to both our guests. Now, if you have any questions …

Unit 4 P Presenter   M Maggie P On tonight’s edition of High Fashion, we’ll be talking to Maggie Ray, a fashion buyer for one of the country’s leading chains of clothes stores. Maggie is obviously an expert in the world of fashion and I, for one, am hoping to get some tips from her about what I should be wearing or looking out for in the shops this spring. Hi Maggie. M Hi. P First of all, Maggie, can you tell us a bit about your job and explain what a buyer is? M Sure. I, basically go to see designers and buy their clothes so that customers … P Like me? M Yes, like you … or anyone else who wants them. Well, actually, most of the people who buy the clothes I select will probably be women … P Ah … M But you may be buying them for your girlfriend or wife. Anyway, I buy the clothes that are displayed in the shops for customers to buy. P What a great job! M Yes, I guess thousands of women all over the world would be jealous of my job – I get to go to all the big fashion shows in New York, Paris and Milan and I meet up with all the leading designers to order clothes for our stores. P But, I guess it can be hard work too sometimes?

M Yes, it is. The travelling is the worst thing. I’m constantly on planes or in hotels, and days can be very long because you are at shows or in meetings with designers all day. P You get to meet the designers? M Yes, I do. But it’s not as glamorous as you might think. My appointments with them are usually very short and I have to go through hundreds of samples of their work, deciding which would sell in our stores and which wouldn’t. Then I sit up all night in my hotel room completing the orders! P Hmm, that’s not quite so glamorous, is it? M Definitely not. I also have to be good with figures – financial figures, I mean, you know budgets and money – because we have very strict restrictions on how much we can spend. I have to be clear that I can make a profit for the shop from selling the clothes I buy. P But going to the fashion shows must be fun. M Oh it is! P What is a major fashion show like London Fashion Week like? M Oh, absolute chaos. There are thousands of journalists and photographers there, most of whom don’t even have a ticket. And even if you do have a ticket, you really have to fight your way in, pushing through crowds of people with a ticket held high in your hand. And if you’re a couple of minutes late, you’ll lose your seat. The demand is so high that any untaken seats are given away as soon as the show begins. I once found myself sitting on the floor watching a major show in Milan because my flight had been delayed. P So, what styles should we expect to see this spring? M OK. Well, full skirts which are really long will be in, as well as flat shoes and big handbags, and I think the sleeveless sweater, with a very high neck, will be trendy. P Thanks Maggie. I’m sure we will all be racing down to the shops now to …

Unit 5 P Presenter   S Steve P Believe it or not, after a Saturday spent travelling on the Trans-Siberian Express and a Sunday in the Andean mountains of Peru, I wasted much of today wandering the streets of Berlin, Germany’s capital city. If I’d wanted to, I could have visited one of the city’s world-class museums or even taken a trip up the TV tower. However, I

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contented myself with a stroll along the famous streets, watching the trams go by and looking into the windows of cafés and shops. Amazing, huh? Well, not really. If I’m honest, what I really did was get a virtual train ticket for the Trans-Siberian, take a virtual walk through the Andes and a virtual stroll through the streets of Potsdam Square, Berlin. Yes, I did all of my travelling online, and I’m not the only one doing this these days. Here with me this morning on Tomorrow Today, is Steve Forbes, critic for Travel magazine. Hi Steve. Morning Sarah, how was your trip? Well, the great thing about it was that I travelled on three different continents in as many days, had loads of fun and didn’t even get jet lag! Well yes, that’s one of the great things about virtual travel. But it’s not the only one: travelling online is also cheaper, you don’t need a passport or visa and you can do it all without actually moving away from your computer. Yes, it’s becoming incredibly popular now, but is it a replacement for real travel? No, I don’t think so. Obviously, you can learn a lot, hear people speaking exotic languages and see all the sights from your living room. You can even ‘meet’ friends in a different virtual city every day … but it’s not the same. Explain a bit more, please Steve, about the differences between real travel and online tourism. Well, it’s quite obvious I suppose. We go to exotic places because we want to experience what it’s like to be in another culture. That involves more than just seeing and hearing the sights and sounds of a place. You need to be able to smell, touch and communicate with people in a real environment to get that genuine travel experience. I’ve heard people say that computers may be able to simulate the smell of a place to deepen the virtual experience but I don’t think the point of virtual travel is to replace the real thing. I think its purpose is to give people an idea of what a place is like so that they can decide whether they want to make a real journey there or not. So you don’t think that this kind of technology will reduce the number of international journeys? Absolutely not. The travel industry doesn’t see virtual travel as a kind of competition for real travel. Travel companies believe that virtual tourism

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may even increase the curiosity of people for foreign travel and that tourism may increase. Really? Even in this day and age when so many people have so many financial problems? Well, a lot of people don’t realize it but international flights are actually cheaper today than they used to be. If virtual travel permits people to discover reasonably priced accommodation for themselves in foreign cities, I think we will continue to travel as much as now, or more. So, virtual travel could actually make us better travellers in the real world? Without a doubt. Great, OK, thanks Steve.

Unit 6 P Presenter   J Jenny   M Marie  A Amy   D Denis P Welcome back to today’s phone-in. Today we’re asking, what’s the world’s worst job? We’ve had a couple of hilarious suggestions from listeners already but we’d like to hear more. So, call 0788 444 5555 with your nominations. Right. We have Jenny on line one. J Hi Marie. OK. I used to work on a cruise ship sailing back and forth across the North Sea, and it was awful. Lots of people joked that the job was terrible because of the hopeless singers we had who used to entertain the passengers, but actually they weren’t that bad. What was terrible was the way the ship rolled from side to side on every trip. I worked on the ship for six months and I was sick every day! P How awful Jenny! Poor you. But at least you got to go abroad. Right. On line two we have Matt. Hi Matt. M Hi. A couple of years ago I spent a summer working in a cat food factory … in quality control … P Oooh. Sounds gruesome. I’d hate to think what sort of animal goes into cat food. Did you have to taste the stuff? M Not quite. But I did have to sniff it. I had to put my nose right up to the cat food and breathe in deeply to check it was fresh. Then I’d have to plunge my arms into the cat food, and feel for any horrible bits of bone. P Uggh. Hope you wore gloves. M Well, no, that’s why it was so disgusting every time I did it. But I had to wear white wellington boots because all the bits of rotting meat on the floor would have ruined ordinary shoes if you’d worn them.

P OK. That’s definitely the worst job so far. We have Amy on line three. Tell us all, Amy. A I spent a month working in an egg factory, putting eggs in boxes day after day, which was boring but OK, I suppose. Once a week though we had to do what must be the most disgusting thing you can imagine. We stopped the conveyor belt that the eggs went on and spent the whole day scraping the dried remains of all the broken, rotten eggs off the belt. It took ages and the rotten egg used to fly off into our faces. P Oh no, Amy! Tell us no more. It sounds absolutely awful! Right. We’ve got time for one more caller. Denis on line four. D Hi Marie. I’m not claiming to have the worst job, but I once had the most pointless. I once worked in a clothes shop and my manager made me change 300 price labels on jumpers from £21.99 to £19.99. It took all day. Then the next day they changed the price again … up to £20.99 … so I had to change them all again … P Oh Denis! I can’t believe that! Thanks to all our callers for telling us about their worst jobs. Now it’s time for the news …

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Macmillan Education Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PP A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-02304-0170-9 Text © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010 Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010 First published 2010 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Written by Mike Sayer Designed by eMC Design The publishers would like to thank María Jesús Páramo Gutiérrez for her professionalism and valuable contributions as Course Consultant. They would also like to thank Nadya Merghani for her contribution to the CLIL section (pp 85-105). The authors and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce their photographic material: Alamy/Cienpies Design p192(t), Alamy/Directphoto.org p80(t), Alamy/IS138/ Image Source p193(t), Alamy/Martin Lee/mediablitzimages (uk) Limited p193(b), Alamy/ Radius Images p80(b), Alamy/Homer Sykes/LondonPhotos p192(b), Alamy/Michael Weber/imagebroker p77(t); Corbis/Walter Bieri/epa p76(t); Corbis/ Walter Bieri/epa p76(t); Getty Images/Raymond Boyd/Michael Ochs Archives p79(t), Getty Images/Stephen Derr/The Image Bank p190(b), Getty Images/Dave Etheridge-Barnes p191(t), Getty Images/Fuse p195(t), Getty Images/hana/Datacraft p195(b), Getty Images/Erik Isakson p194(b), Getty Images/Simone Joyner p79(b), Getty Images/ Jupiterimages/Brand X Pictures p190(t), Getty Images/Gabriela Medina/Blend Images p194(t), Getty Images/Scott Nelson/AFP p76(b), Getty Images/Eric Tucker/Stone p77(b), Getty Images/Betsie Van der Meer/Stone+ p78, Getty Images/Ian Waldie/Reportage p191(b) The material in this book is copyright. However, the publisher grants permission for copies to be made without fee on those pages marked with the photocopiable symbol. Private purchasers may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which they are in charge; school purchasers may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of the school only. This permission does not extend to additional branches of an institution, who should purchase a separate master copy of the book for their own use. For copying in any other circumstances, prior permission in writing must be obtained from Macmillan Publishers Limited. Printed and bound in Spain by Javelcom 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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