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• Никита Гапон

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5a Recycling Vocabulary household items aluminum foil eggshell envelope vegetable peel

carton yoghurt pot newspaper

cereal box jar tin can bottle

coffee plastic bag

Grammar Countable and Uncountable Nouns คำนาม สามารถจำแนกเป็นคำนามนับได้ และคำนามนับไม่ได้ซึ่ง 1. คำนามนับได้ (Countable Nouns) คือคำนามที่สามารถนับจำนวนของคำนามนั้นได้ ซึ่งจำแนกออกเป็นคำนาม เอกพจน์ (มีเพียงหนึ่ง) และคำนามพหูพจน์ (มีมากกว่าหนึ่ง) Examples:

One bottle Grammar Note

Two bottles

คำนามเอกพจน์ (Singular) house friend container child man goose

Four cars คำนามพหูพจน์ (Plural) houses friends containers children men geese

Examples:

I have a pen. My friends have their own mobile phones. There are many visitors in the gallery. Here is the document. 2. คำนามนับไม่ได้ (Uncountable Nouns) คือคำนามที่ไม่สามารถนับได้ ส่วนมากอาจเป็นบรรดาของเหลว ก๊าซ เรานั้น ไม่สามารถใช้ a/an หรือจำนวน กับคำนามที่นับไม่ได้ Examples: I have some salt in my kitchen. Salt is very important for food. He doesn’t have much rice left.

salt Can you give me some information? I want to have a lot of money. Do you want coffee or tea?

rice

Grammar Note เราสามารถทำให้คำนามนับไม่ได้ กลายเป็นคำนามนับได้หากใส่คำต่อไปนี้ a bottle of ... เช่น a bottle of water (นับ bottle) a piece of … เช่น a piece of cake (นับ piece) a bowl of … เช่น a bowl of rice (นับ bowl) a cup of … เช่น a cup of milk (นับ cup) milk

gas

music

cheese

soap

music perfume คำนามนับไม่ได้

ความแตกต่างอย่างง่ายระหว่างคำนามนับได้และคำนามนับไม่ได้ • คำนามนับได้หากเป็นเอกพจน์มักใช้กับ a/an ส่วนพหูพจน์มักใส่จำนวน หรือ the • คำนามนับไม่ได้ไม่ใช้กับ a/an แต่สามารถใช้กับ the ได้ Examples: คำนามนับได้: คำนามนับไม่ได้: ตารางวิเศษ

An umbrella

Two kids

cake

The water

+ คำนามนับไม่ได้

+ คำนามนับได้

little a little much

few a few many any some a lot of, lots of

+ ได้ทั้งสอง

Reading

E-RUBBISH Nowadays, every household produces electronic rubbish (or e-rubbish) - an old TV or computer printer, or an out-of-date mobile phone we no longer need. But when we throw these everyday items away, not many of us know where these objects go. The journalist and photographer, Peter Essick, decided to follow this e-rubbish to several different countries around the world. In particular, Essick found a lot of e-rubbish goes to Ghana. There, he saw mountains of old computers in the local markets. The sellers resell some of them but not much equipment works. Instead, they recycle the broken computers by melting the parts inside. These parts contain a little metal such as copper or even gold sometimes. However, this process of recycling is dangerous for the workers because it produces a lot of toxic chemicals. As a result of his journey, Peter Essick thinks it's important to stop exporting erubbish. It's bad for the environment and it's bad for people's health. stead, he believes manufacturers need to produce more eco-friendly electronics in the future; in other words, electronic products which you can recycle cheaply, safely and in the country where they were made.

5b The Greendex The Greendex

TM

The 'Greendex' is a survey of 17,000 consumers in 17 different countries. It finds out how these people regularly spend their money. The four categories for spending are: housing, food, transportation and 'other goods' (such as electronic items and household appliances).

LATEST RESULTS FROM THE 'GREENDEX": - About ninety per cent of people in Argentina eat beef nearly every day. - Exactly half of all Russians use public transport every day or most days. - Just over two thirds of people in Germany drink a bottle of water daily and most of them also recycle the bottle. - Consumers in the United States have the most TVs at home. Well over two thirds have four or more. - Nearly half of all Canadians regularly recycle electronic items.

Vocabulary results and figures 4 Look at these words from the results in Exercise 3. Choose the correct percentage (a-c). 1. about ninety per cent a 89%

b 90%

c 99%

b 50%

c 51%

b 66%

c 69%

b 69%

c 75%

b 50%

c 52%

2. exactly half a 49% 3. just over two thirds a 64% 4. well over two thirds a 66% 5. nearly half a 48%

Grammar the or no article หลักการใช้ the 1. ใช้ต่อเมื่อพูดถึงสิ่งที่เคยพูดถึงมาแล้ว Example Have you done a survey? Yes, I have done the survey last night. 2. ใช้กับประเทศที่มีคำว่า state, republic, kingdom Examples The United States of America The United Kingdom 3. ใช้กับการเปรียบเทียบขั้นสุด (Superlative sentences) Examples She is the best teacher. I am the biggest fan of Adele. เราไม่มี Article กับเรื่องต่อไปนี้ 1. ไม่ใช้ article กับประเทศ Examples Thailand Brazil Russia 2. ไม่ใช้ article กับคำนามทั่วไป Example People are riding bicycles. 3. บางสำนวน Examples At night At noon 7 Complete the text with the or Ø (no article). Then check your answers in the ‘Greendex' results in Exercise 3. • Just over two thirds of people in ………. Germany drink a bottle of water daily and most of them also recycle ………… bottle.

•

…….. consumers in …….. United States have ………. most TVs at ……… home.

9 Look at these sentences from the 'Greendex' survey. Delete the where it isn't necessary. 1. The European houses do not have air conditioning. 2. Countries such as the Brazil are using the electric cars more and more. 3. Many people around the world are trying to use less energy at the home. 4. The fish and seafood is the most common dish in the Japan. 5. The people in the United Kingdom are sharing the cars more and more to save costs.

5c A boat made of bottles boat plastic bottles recycle sail San Francisco Sydney the Pacific Ocean 2 Read the article again. Complete the fact file about the Plastiki. Write the information as figures. The Plastiki in facts & figures Number of crew: ………….. Number of bottles: ………….. Length: …………...m Width: …………..m Weight: ………….kg Average speed: …………..knots Distance of journey: …………..km Number of days at sea: …………..

6 Complete the sentence with take and these phrases. regular breaks many days care a plane time 1. Most people take a plane from San Francisco to Sydney so they don't know about the pollution in the ocean. 2. The journey across the Great Garbage Patch …………….. 3. The journey was tiring and the crew needed to …………….. 4. For this kind of project, it's important to …………….. to plan everything. 5. The Pacific Ocean can be dangerous so everyone on the ship had to …………….. A boat with a difference The Plastiki looks similar to many other boats or yachts in Sydney harbour. It's eighteen metres long, six metres wide and it weighs about twelve thousand kilogrammes. It carries a crew of six people and has an average speed of five knots. However, once you get near to the Plastiki you realise there's a big difference. It's made of twelve thousand five hundred reclaimed plastic bottles. How did the Plastiki begin? One day, the environmentalist David De Rothschild was reading some information about all the plastic in the seas and oceans. He couldn't believe what he was reading. For example, humans throw away four out of every five plastic bottles they use and plastic rubbish causes about eighty per cent of the pollution in the sea. Soon afterwards, Rothschild decided he wanted to help the fight against pollution in the sea. To create publicity for the problem, he started building a boat made of plastic bottles. Designing the Plastiki

As well as building the boat with recycled plastic, it was important for him to make the boat environmentally-friendly and user-friendly. The boat uses renewable energy sources including wind power and solar energy. The crew can make meals with vegetables from the small garden at the back of the boat. They can take a break from work and get some exercise by using the special exercise bicycle. The energy from the bike provides power for the boat's computers. And if anyone needs to take a shower, the boat's shower uses saltwater from the sea. The journey De Rothschild sailed the Plastiki across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney. That’s fifteen thousand three hundred and seventy two nautical kilometres. On the way, De Rothschild took the special boat through the 'Great Garbage Patch'. It is a huge area in the Pacific with 3.5 billion kilogrammes of rubbish. You can see every kind of human rubbish here: shoes, toys, bags, toothbrushes, but the worst problem is the plastic. It kills birds and sea life. How well did the Plastiki survive the journey? The journey wasn't always easy and De Rothschild and his crew had to take care during storms. There were giant ocean waves and winds of over one hundred kilometres per hour. The whole hundred and twenty nine days. Originally, De Rothschild thought the boat could only travel once but it survived so well that he is planning to sail it again one way.

5e Problem with an order Writing emails

1 Read the correspondence between a customer and a customer service assistant. Put the emails in order (1-5). A Dear M Cottrell I would like to inform you that the e-book reader you ordered is now in stock. I would be delighted to deliver this item immediately. Please reply to confirm you still require this item Charlotte Lazarro B Dear Sir or Madam I recently ordered an 'e-book reader'. However, I received an email which said this was not currently available. Please refund my money back to the credit card. Yours sincerely Mr. M Cottrell C Thanks, but I bought the same product at a shop yesterday. Therefore, please cancel the order and, as requested, send me my refund. M Cottrell D As requested here is the order number: 80531A E Dear M Cottrell Thank you for your email. I apologise for the difficulties with your order. In order to provide you with the necessary assistance, could you please send the order number? Best regards Charlotte Lazarro

3 Writing skill formal language a Match the formal verbs in the emails to these less formal verbs and phrases 1. get _________________ 2. be happy _________________ 3. asked for _________________ 4. give _________________ 5. give back (money) _________________ 6. help _________________ 7. say sorry _________________ 8. tell _________________ 9. want _________________ b Work in pairs. Make these sentences more formal. 1. I want my money back. 2. I'm writing to tell you that I didn't get the delivery. 3. Do you want any helo? 4. Please give us your credit card details. 5. Sorry, but I can't give you your money back. VOCABULARY amazing (adj.) น่าตะลึง cigarette end (n.) ก้นบุหรี่ coast (n.) ชายฝั่ง clean-up (n.) การทำความสะอาด collect (v.) สะสม disgusting (adj.) น่าสะอิดสะเอียน litter (v.) ทิ้งขยะ rubbish (n.) ขยะ search (v.) ค้นหา shocked (adj.) รู้สึกตะลึง trash (n.) ขยะ twice (adv.) สองครั้ง volunteer (n.) อาสาสมัคร

UNIT 5 REVIEW Grammar 1 Choose the correct options to complete the article about recycling. (Ø = no article)

Recycling around the world

New statistics give a view of recycling around the world. Here are three of the countries in the report. Switzerland A / The Swiss score well at recycling. With so many different types of recycling bins, local people only have to throw away a little /a few household items. For example, they recycle 80% of their plastic bottles. That's much higher than other countries in Ø / the Europe with plastic recycling levels of only between 24-40%. United States of America Overall Ø / the USA doesn't recycle as many / much rubbish as a country like Switzerland but it's introduced a lot of / any new projects in recent years and so its record is really improving quickly. This year it recycled 48% of its paper, 40% of its plastic bottles and 55% of its cans. Senegal Senegal only recycles a few / a little of its waste industrially. However, people don't throw away any / much items that they can use for something else. For example, you can buy shoes made from old plastic bags and drinking cups from tin cans. Here, everything has another purpose. 3 Complete the questions with many, much or any. Then ask your partner the questions.

1. How ………. of your rubbish do you recycle? 70% or more? Between 30 to 69%? 29% or less? 2. How ………. newspapers and magazines do you buy a week? 3. Do you reuse ………. of your household items for something else? For example, glass jars to put other items in, or vegetable peel for compost?

Vocabulary 5 Match the percentages from the article in Exercise 1 with the definitions (1-5).

1. just over half 2. four fifths 3. about a quarter

4. two fifths 5. nearly half

จบบทที่ 5 โปรดดู สรุป Final พร้อม Mock Exam