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• Wahari Sánchez

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Module 2 - Sheet Organization TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Sheet Sizes 2.3 Sheet Layout Drawing Area Title Block Area Production Data Area Cover Sheet

2.4 Mock-up Sheets 2.5 Supplemental Drawing Sheets 2.6 Appendix A - Electronic Media

Module 2 - Sheet Organization 2.1 INTRODUCTION The Sheet Organization Module establishes guidelines for consistency in the systematic presentation of drawings organized on sheets. Sheets thus organized are suitable for compiling into sets according to the Drawing Set Organization, UDS section 1.2 guidelines, thereby providing a uniform location of graphical data. The Sheet Organization Module: • Provides a consistent sheet format • Presents usable examples of sheet formats • Provides a location system for drawings on a sheet • Establishes guidelines for management, notation, and title block information The benefits of sheet organization standards are: • Enhanced communication among drawing preparers and users • Improved quality control by providing a quality assurance standard • Easier data management • Consistent sheet format among design disciplines, conveying a coordinated image

Module 2 - Sheet Organization 2.2 SHEET SIZES Many commercial sheet sizes are available. Sheet size selection is dependent on many factors. A common sheet size for all projects facilitates filing hard copy documents, provides efficiencies in reducing multiple media requirements, and maintains consistency for users of printed documents. Other factors influencing sheet size may include plotter capabilities, project complexity or size, filing capabilities, and handling of hard copy deliverables. Some firms or owners also require reduced size sheets for bidding or office use.

The single most important determinant in selecting the sheet size is to prepare a floor plan drawing on a single sheet without dividing the plan into sections. Large projects, however, may require the plan to be divided into multiple parts depending upon sheet size and scale. When plans are divided, a key plan is necessary on each plan sheet to indicate the sector or quadrant location. The key plan location is described in the drawing area portion of this module. As of January 1, 1992, the federal government requires all construction documents used for federal government projects to be developed using the International System of Units (Systeme International d'Unites), or SI System, commonly called the metric system. Typically, government agencies also require that construction documents be prepared on American National Standards Institute (ANSI) sheet sizes. UDS Figure 2.2-1 indicates the standard sheet sizes and their typical uses. SHEET SIZES ANSI

ISO

Architectural

Mark

Size mm (inches)

Mark

Size mm (inches)

Mark

Size mm (inches)

Typical Uses

A

216 x 279 (8.5 x 11)

A4

210 x 297 (8.3 x 11.7)

A

229 x 305 (9 x 12)

Project book. Supplemental drawings. Mock-up sheets.

B

279 x 432 (11 x 17)

A3

297 x 420 (11.7 x 16.5)

B

305 x 457 (12 x 18)

Reduced drawings from "D" size and "A1" originals. Supplemental drawings. Mock-up sheets.

C

432 x 559 (17 x 22)

A2

420 x 594 (16.5 x 23.4)

C

457 x 610 (18 x 24)

Small projects accommodating preferred plan scale.

D

559 x 864 (22 x 34)

A1

594 x 841 (23.4 x 33.1)

D

610 x 914 (24 x 36)

Projects accommodating preferred plan scale. Government projects.

E

864 x 1118 (34 x 44)

A0

841 x 1189 (33.1 x 46.8)

E

914 x 1219 (36 x 48)

Large projects accommodating preferred plan scale. Mapping and GIS.

—

—

—

—

F

762 x 1067 (30 x 42)

Alternate size for projects accommodating preferred plan scale.

UDS Figure 2.2-1 ANSI, International Organizations for Standardization, and all but F of Architectural size sheets have a consistent sheet module within each system. The sheet size for each type of sheet is an equal module to the next larger sheet size.

Module 2 - Sheet Organization 2.3 SHEET LAYOUT As illustrated in UDS Figure 2.3-1 sheets are divided into three main areas: drawing area, title block area, and production data area. The drawing area and title block area are required, while the production data area is optional. Each of these areas contains information concerning construction or reference information, project management or presentation information, and project production information. Each of these areas contains different types of information necessary for the presentation and management of the project. These areas should be defined by a border, tick marks, or other means to graphically separate them from each other.

Drawing Area: That portion of the sheet containing drawings, keynotes, key plans, schedules, and other graphic and text data necessary to illustrate the work. Title Block Area: That portion of the sheet containing project, client, designer, sheet identification, and sheet management information needed by the user of the sheet. Production Data Area: That portion of the sheet containing information on the production of the sheet.

Sheet margins are the space between the edge of the sheet and the sheet area. The sheet margins may vary depending on plotter capabilities, sheet size, and sheet area dimensions.

The practical minimum sheet margins are as follows: • Top and bottom margin: 20 mm (3/4 inch) • Left margin: 40 mm (1-1/2 inch) • Right margin: 20 mm (3/4 inch)

UDS Figure 2.3-1 Overall sheet layout.

Drawing Area The drawing area is that portion of the sheet containing drawings, keynotes, key plans, schedules, and other graphic and text data necessary to illustrate the work. The drawing area is divided into modules. Factors that may influence the number and size of modules include sheet size, margins, title block area, client requirements, and typical drawing block size. The user should establish a standard drawing module size as required to meet these factors. Examples of typical modules may be 38 mm 38 mm, 75 mm 75 mm, and 150 mm 150 mm (1½" x 1½", 3" x 3", 6" x 6"). Modules should remain the same throughout the drawing set. This allows the creation of library files of standard graphic and text information that may be located easily within the drawing area grid or be moved between sheets or projects. Refer to Drawing Set Organization, UDS section 1.4 for a discussion of library files. Individual drawings may comprise one or more drawing modules. Drawing modules containing graphic or textual information are called drawing blocks. Each drawing block is identified by the drawing area coordinate system.

Drawing Blocks: Drawing modules containing graphic or textual information.

Drawing Area Coordinate System The drawing modules are arranged in columns and rows. Columns are identified with numerical characters starting with 1 and increasing to the right. Rows are identified with alphabetical characters beginning at the bottom starting with A

and increasing toward the top of the sheet. Each module is therefore identified by a letter and a number. A drawing block may be composed of one or more drawing area modules and is identified based on the lower left hand location. Therefore, a drawing located in the lower left hand corner of the drawing area, two modules high by two modules wide, would be identified as A1. UDS Figure 2.3-2 indicates examples of how several drawings would be identified. It is preferred that drawing area coordinates be positioned outside the drawing area itself, although some plotting hardware may require that the coordinates be located within the drawing area. At a minimum these coordinates should be placed on the left hand side as well as the top or bottom of the drawing area. Coordinates may be placed in the sheet margins to avoid interfering with text and graphics in the drawing area. However, it is preferred that they appear on all four sides of the drawing area. Coordinates are not required for schematic design drawings. This numbering system allows drawings to be numbered during early stages of the project or as late as construction record drawings while providing for a consistent location throughout the drawing set and project cycle.

UDS Figure 2.3-2 Drawing area coordinate system.

Note Block The note block is the module or modules within the drawing area where keynotes, general notes, and key plans are located. Not all sheets will have a note block. The note block is located in the far right column of the drawing area. A key plan block, when used, should always be located in the lowest module of the note block. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-3. If the sheet does not have a note block locate the key plan block in the lowest module next to the title block. Refer to UDS Figure 4.2-14 in the Drafting Conventions, UDS section 4.2.

UDS Figure 2.3-3 Note block.

Title Block Area The title block area is that portion of the sheet containing project, client, designer, sheet identification, and sheet management information needed by the user of the sheet. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-4. The guidelines for the title block area provide criteria for the location of like information shown in data blocks within the title block area for easy and consistent retrieval and filing of drawings. Data blocks include the following: • Designer Identification Block • Project Identification Block • Issue Block • Management Block • Sheet Title Block • Sheet Identification Block

UDS Figure 2.3-4 Title block.

Designer Identification Block The designer identification block is Preparer: Registered and unregistered designers, that portion of the title block area manufacturers, contractors, material suppliers, and identifying the designer or preparer others. of the sheet. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-5. This block may include information about the preparer including: • Name • Address • Telephone and fax numbers • E-mail address or other means of electronic communication This block may also include the preparer's logo, professional seal(s), certifications, and the names and addresses of consultants. In the case of a design-build project it may include the entire project team. The requirements for professional seals vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Single seals are required by most states while others require both individual and corporate seals. Drawing preparers should familiarize themselves with the legal requirements for the use of professional seals in the state or jurisdiction of the work. Project Identification Block The project identification block is that portion of the title block area that identifies the project. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-6. This block may contain information on:

• Project name and address • Building or facility name • Construction phase sequence • Project logo The address, telephone and fax numbers, and logo of the owner/client may also be included in the project identification block.

UDS Figure 2.3-6 Project identification block.

Issue Block

UDS Figure 2.3-5 Designer.

The issue block is the portion of the title block area that shows the chronological issue of, and revisions to, the sheet. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-7. The issue block has three columns identified as mark, date, and description. The data fields in this block may include: • Phase issue dates • Addendum issue dates • Clarification dates • Revision issue dates UDS Figure 2.3-7 Issue block. The number of data field lines is user dependent. The initial entry should be placed at the bottom of the issue block, with subsequent entries placed above each previous entry, allowing for expansion into the project identification block if necessary.

Management Block The management block is the portion of the title block area that contains the management information generally used for project filing, record keeping, or other project management information. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-8. Data fields in this block may include: • Drawing preparer's project number • Owner's contract number • Owner's project number • File number • Design/construction phase number • CAD drawing file number

UDS Figure 2.3-8 Management block.

• Drawn by • Checked by • Copyright When projects require space to indicate special management information, such as owner approval, the management block should be expanded to include them. Sheet Title Block The sheet title block is the portion of the title block area that indicates the type of information presented on the sheet. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-9. The sheet may contain one or more types of drawings. The title block may only include the major type of information shown on the sheet, or may indicate multiple types of information (e.g., floor plan, schedules, and details).

UDS Figure 2.3-9 Sheet title block.

Sheet Identification Block The sheet identification block is the portion of the title block area that contains the sheet identifier. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-10. The system for determining the sheet identification and its format is contained in the Drawing Set Organization UDS section 1.0. It indicates the discipline designator, sheet type designator, and the sheet sequence number. Optional data as part of the sheet identification block includes a number indicating the sheet count and total number of sheets within the set. The sheet count can be for all sheets in the drawing set, or for the count within each discipline.

UDS Figure 2.3-10 Sheet identification block.

Formats for Title Block Area Two standard title block formats have been identified as a part of the sheet organization format—horizontal text format UDS Figure 2.3 -11 and vertical text format UDS Figure 2.3-12. In either horizontal or vertical text formats, the sheet identification block, the sheet title block, and the management block are always oriented horizontally.

Horizontal Text Format: Title block text is oriented parallel to the bottom of the sheet. Vertical Text Format: Title block text is oriented parallel to the right side of the sheet.

UDS Figure 2.3-11 Horizontal text format.

UDS Figure 2.3-12 Vertical text format.

Production Data Area The production data area is an optional portion of the sheet that contains information on the production of the sheet. This data is typically covered by the binding strip once the drawing set has been assembled. Because some plotters will not plot in the binding margin, this information may need to be inserted manually or within a preprinted production block. Refer to UDS Figure 2.3-13. The production data area may include the following blocks of information. Plotter Time and Date Block The plotter time and date block is the portion of the production data area where the time and date of the plot are located. This information is typically located near the A1 drawing block. The time and date can be automatically inserted by most CAD software. Production Block The production block is that portion of the production data area that contains management information concerning the production of the sheet. Data that may be assigned to this block includes: • File path • Sheet file name • Default settings • Pen assignments • Printer/plotter commands • Overlay drafting control data

• Reference file(s) • Layers plotted • Production hours Scanning Scale Block The scanning scale block contains a graphical scale that may be used if the sheet is to be scanned, photographically reduced, or microfilmed.

Cover Sheet The cover sheet is unique to the sheet organization format. The cover sheet may identify the project, owner, and other project team members involved in preparing the drawings. The cover sheet may also contain a photograph, rendering of the project, or logo of the owner or preparer. UDS Figure 2.3-13 Production data area.

If the cover sheet contains specific project data such as a list of sheets, a listing of abbreviations, general notes, a building code summary, or a key plan, etc., it should be identified with a sheet identifier containing the discipline designator G for general, sheet type 0, and the sequence number 01 (G-001). Refer to Drawing Set Organization, UDS section 1.7 for further explanation of the sheet identification format.

Module 2 - Sheet Organization 2.4 MOCK-UP SHEETS Mock-up sheets are often developed to assist in the layout and production of the drawing set. Individual mock-up sheets are developed as a miniature of each proposed sheet, prior to production. Drawings, schedules, notes, and other data are located on the mock-up sheets within the drawing area modules. Planning with mock-up sheets enables one or more persons to work on a drawing set at the same time, while maintaining a coordinated effort. Mock-up sheets are normally 216 mm x 279 mm (8-1/2 inches x 11 inches) or 279 mm x 432 mm (11 inches x 17 inches). A scaling factor is used to determine the size of the drawing or drawings to be located on the completed sheet. The drawing area module grid also assists in placing drawings on the mock-up sheet and determining the number of drawings that will fit on the sheet. Scale factors for mock-up sheets are: • Full size scale: 3"

= 1'-0"

• 3" scale:

3/4"

= 1'-0"

• 1-1/2" scale:

3/8"

= 1'-0"

• 1" scale:

1/4"

= 1'-0"

• 3/4" scale:

3/16" = 1'-0"

• 1/2" scale:

1/8"

• 1/4" scale:

1/16" = 1'-0"

• 1/8" scale:

1/32" = 1'-0"

• 1/16" scale:

1/64" = 1'-0"

= 1'-0"

The UDS Figure 2.4-1 is included below for use as a template for preparing scaled mock-up sheets.

UDS Figure 2.4-1 11" x 17" Mock-up sheet of a full size ANSI D 34" x 44" sheet.

Module 2 - Sheet Organization 2.5 SUPPLEMENTAL DRAWING SHEETS The supplemental drawing sheet format is similar to the standard sheet format, but modified to accommodate the reduced sheet size. This format should be used for project detail books and supplemental drawing sheets. Refer to UDS Figure 2.5-1 for an example of a supplemental drawing sheet. The practical minimum margins for supplemental drawing sheets are: • Top and bottom margin: 15 mm (1/2 inch) • Left and right margin: 15 mm (1/2 inch)

UDS Figure 2.5-1 Supplemental drawing sheet.

Module 2 - Sheet Organization 2.6 APPENDIX A - ELECTRONIC MEDIA SHEET SIZES Sheet Type

Mark

mm

inches

ANSI

A

216 x 279

8.5 x 11

B

279 x 432

11 x 17

C

432 x 559

17 x 22

D

559 x 864

22 x 34

E

864 x 1118

34 x 44

A4

210 x 297

8.3 x 11.7

A3

297 x 420

11.7 x 16.5

A2

420 x 594

16.5 x 23.4

A1

594 x 841

23.4 x 33.1

A0

841 x 1189

33.1 x 46.8

A

229 x 305

9 x 12

B

305 x 457

12 x 18

C

457 x 610

18 x 24

D

610 x 914

24 x 36

E

914 x 1219

36 x 48

F

762 x 1067

30 x 42

D

216 x 279

24 x 36 (8.5 x 11)

F

279 x 432

30 x 42 (11 x 17)

ISO

Architectural

Mock-up