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Table of Verb Tenses in English Grammar Tense 1) Present Simple

2) Present Progressive (Present Continuous)

3) Past Simple (Preterite)

4) Past Progressive (Past/Preterite Continuous)

Positive/negative/question usage P: He speaks  Repeated/regular N: He does not speak action in the Q: Does he speak? present;  General validity;  Actions happening one after the other;  Confirmed future actions (time table, Schedule); P: He is speaking  action currently N: He is not speaking taking place; Q: Is he speaking?  action limited to a particular timeframe;  already planned or agreed-upon future action; P: He spoke.  a single or N: He did not speak. repeated action Q: Did he speak? in the past;  actions happening one after the other in the past;  a new action that interrupts an action that was already taking place; P: He was speaking.  emphasis on the N: He was not speaking. process of an Q: Was he speaking? action taking place in the past;  multiple actions taking place at the same time;

Signal words always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually ifclause type I (If I talk, …)

at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now

yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if-clause type II (If I talked, …)

while, as long as

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5) Present Perfect

P: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?

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6) Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

P: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking?

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7) Past Perfect (Pluperfect/Past Anterior)

P: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?

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an action that was taking place when interrupted by a new action; the result is emphasized; action that lasts to the present moment; action that has just been completed; completed action with influence on the present; an action that has never/once/mor e than once taken place up to the time of speaking; the action is emphasised (not the result); action that has lasted until the present time; completed action with influence on the present; action taking place before a certain time in the past; sometimes interchangeable

already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week

already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if-clause type III (If I had

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8) Past Perfect Progressive (Pluperfect Continuous/ Past Anterior Continuous)

P: He had been speaking.  N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking? 

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9) Future Simple (will) P: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak?

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10) Future (going to)

P: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak?

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11) Future Progressive (Future Continuous)

P: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking?

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with past perfect progressive; emphasises only the fact that something took place before a certain point in the past; action before a certain point in the past; sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple; emphasises the action or length of the action; events in the future that cannot be influenced; spontaneous decision; suppositions about the future;

talked, …)

for, since, the whole day, all day

in a year, next …, tomorrow if-clause type I (If you ask her, she will help you.) supposition: I think, probably, perhaps in one year, next week, tomorrow

pre-existing intention regarding the future; logical conclusion regarding the future; action that will in one year, be taking place next week, at a certain point tomorrow in the future;

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12) Future Perfect (Future II Simple)

13) Future Perfect Progressive (Future Perfect Continuous) (Future II Progressive)

P: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken? P: He will have been speaking. N: He will not have been speaking. Q: Will he have been speaking?

certain or obvious events;  action that will have been completed by a future time;  action that will have been completed by a future time;  emphasises the length of the action;  action that could possibly take place;

14) Conditional I (Subjunctive II/ Present form of possibility)

P: He would speak. N: He would not speak. Q: Would he speak?

15) Conditional I Progressive (Subjunctive II Continuous/ Present Continuous form of possibility)

P: He would be speaking.  N: He would not be speaking. Q: Would he be speaking? 

16) Conditional II (Subjunctive II/Past Perfect form of possibility)

P: He would have spoken.  N: He would not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken? P: He would have been  speaking. N: He would not have been speaking. Q: Would he have been  speaking?

17) Conditional II Progressive (Subjunctive II Continuous/Past Continuous Perfect form of possibility)

action that could possibly take place; emphasises the action or the length of the action; action that otherwise might have taken place in the past; action that otherwise might have taken place in the past; emphasises the action or length of the action;

by Monday, in a week

for …, the last couple of hours, all day long

if-clause type II (If I were you, I would go home.)

if-clause type III (If I had seen that, I would have helped.)