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• Toni Pipperoni

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UNIT 9

1 Example answers Possibilities: there is a lack of hotel accommodation in the city; this is an inexpensive place to spend the night; people are at the university for a course; people are at the university to visit their children; there has been a natural disaster of some kind and people have left their homes 2 1 so that they can be near their children in their first few days at college (when they may be anxious) 2 Many Chinese families are not particularly well-off so the parents couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel. 3 Students’ own answers. The speaker thinks the behaviour of the parents is ‘impressive’.

3 Example answers national or local newspapers (online or in print), TV, radio, magazines, social media, websites, word of mouth, blogs, local noticeboards 4 1 via Facebook and Twitter 2 Students’ own answers 3 Students’ own answers 9a A life revealed 1 The words which do not fit: 1 denied 2 thank 3 offered 4 persuaded 5 complain 6 criticized 7 convinced 8 threatened

for + -ing) and begged people to give her food and blankets. (beg somebody + to + infinitive) she does not complain about having had a hard life. (complain about + -ing) There are three basic verbs patterns: 1 verb (+ someone) + to + infinitive 2 verb + -ing 3 verb (+ someone) + preposition + -ing 6 verb + to + infinitive: agree, offer verb + someone + to + infinitive: warn, persuade, beg verb + -ing: admit verb + preposition + -ing: complain verb + someone/something + preposition + ing: blame Answers to Grammar Summary exercises

2 1 Students’ own answers 2 Afghanistan; the girl in the first picture is around twelve years old; the woman in the second picture is around 29 years old 3 They are the same person and the photos were taken at different times. 3 Steve McCurry was reporting on the lives of Afghan refugees in a camp in Pakistan in 1984 when he took the first photo. He returned in 2002 to follow up on the story. 4 1 he was a stranger. (or she’d never had her photo/picture taken before.) 2 Steve McCurry admits thinking at the time that his picture was nothing special. 3 time and hardship had erased her youth and her skin was weathered. 4 it is (very) hard. (or it has been (very) hard.) 5 she agreed to let him. (agree + to + infinitive) he admits thinking at the time that his picture was nothing special. (admit + -ing) Her intense expression warned us not to ignore the victims of war ... (warn somebody + to + infinitive) In 2002, National Geographic persuaded McCurry to return to Pakistan ... (persuade somebody + to + infinitive) He offered to fetch her from her home in the Tora Bora mountains. (offer + to + infinitive) He blamed the war for forcing them ... out of their homeland. (blame something/somebody +

1 1b2f3a4d5c6e 2 1 recommended visiting 2 threatened to leave 3 apologized for being 4 invited me/us 5 advised her to go 6 encouraged me to learn 3 1 eliminating 2 to watch 3 to stop 4 to recycle 5 to do 6 to introduce 7 starting 7 Yes, you can. I thought at the time that my picture was nothing special. Don’t ignore the victims of war. Please return to Pakistan. Shall I fetch her? / I can fetch her. / I’ll fetch her. The war forced us out of our homeland. Please give me food and blankets. (or I beg you to give me food and blankets.) I haven’t had such a hard life. / I’ve had a hard life, but I’m not angry/upset about it. 8 1 of being 2 acting 3 for doing 4 to take

5 to pose 6 to let 7 on being 8 to asking 9 to talk 10 getting 9 2 She encouraged me to consider a career in journalism. 3 She accused him of always putting his own interests first. 4 She suggested waiting to see what he said first. 5 She promised to look at my article when it was finished. 6 She apologized for not introducing me to her boss. 7 She urged people to make up their own minds. 8 She offered to lend me her camera. 10 Students’ own answers 9b And finally… 1 1 encouraging (inspiring is also possible here, but is usually used to describe a story that makes you feel you can achieve good things) 2 amusing 3 inspiring 4 astonishing 5 charming; engaging 2 Example answers encouraging: medical/scientific/technological progress amusing: animals or young people doing crazy things inspiring: stories about people raising money for charities astonishing: unusual weather stories, scientific discoveries charming: stories about unusual family events engaging: interesting mysteries 3 Example answers Here is a sample of key words and phrases you could expect students to note: Story 1: refugee … Germany … called hero – €150,000 to police … in wardrobe … right thing … police look for true owner … financial reward (three per cent of money found – €4,500). Story 2: police … riot shield … sledge down hill … Oxford … Christmas … heavy snow … actions filmed … posted on YouTube … liked by public … commanding officer not

amused … criticized … to be disciplined. Story 3: Latvian scientist in UK … drugs … live to be a hundred … US drugs company The Life Extension Foundation … slow down ageing process … Dr Zhavoronkov tests drugs on himself … 37 … feels younger. 4 1 He was entitled to three per cent of the money he found (approx. €4,500). 2 The public were full of respect for the police officer; the commanding officer was angry (‘not amused’) as he thought it wasn’t a good use of police time and equipment. 3 He has been testing the drugs on himself; he claims to feel much younger than his 37 years. 5 Students’ own ideas The honest refugee story is encouraging and inspiring. The sledging police officer is charming, perhaps astonishing. The drugs trial is astonishing and encouraging. 6 No. We don’t know who is doing the thinking, believing, saying and reporting in each sentence. Answers to Grammar Summary exercises 4 1 It is believed that two prisoners have escaped. 2 It is known that the journalist is to be arrested. 3 The director is expected to resign. 4 The photos are thought to have been taken in 1990. 5 She is said to be writing a book at the moment. 5 1 to arrive, to be arriving 2 to have found 3 to be living 4 to be 5 to cause, to be causing, to have caused 6 to have been caused 6 1 is understood (that) the high street is being closed. 2 is believed to have spent a lot of money on it.

3 is reported that there will be live music, a fairground and food stalls. 4 is said to have been really crowded and badly organized. 5 is thought that the organizers have made some improvements. 6 are expected to be offering free food on the first day. 7 a 4 (is reported to be …) b 3 (are … said to be looking for …) c 2 (is believed to have been in Germany …)

5 to have stopped 6 to be getting 12 Example answer And finally, a woman escaped from her burning house yesterday after her pet cat raised the alarm. Although the house is known to have smoke alarms fitted to it, the woman slept deeply as her cat tried to wake her. It is believed that she only woke up when the cat bit her ear – just in time for her to escape from the building. 9c From hero to zero

8 2 It is believed that the 25-year-old Syrian has been in Germany for less than a year. 3 It is said that the local police are looking for the money’s true owner. 4 It is reported that a Latvian scientist based in the UK is close to finding … 9 1 The man is said to be from the Homs area of Syria. 2 It was confirmed that the man will receive a financial reward. 3 The same police officers are said to have done similar things before. 4 We all enjoy the snow, but this was not thought to have been an appropriate use of police time. 5 A lot of rich customers are known to be waiting to buy these new medicines. 6 It is not generally believed that drugs can prevent ageing. 10 1 It is said that Costa Rica is the happiest country in the world. 2 It is believed that the family are celebrating their $10 million lottery win in private. 3 It was known that Frank was / had been a gifted musician at school. 4 Laughing regularly is known to increase life expectancy. 5 He was thought to have given up hope of ever seeing his family again. 6 Scientists are reported to be getting very close to finding a cure for the disease. 11 1 it is now thought 2 is known 3 it was demonstrated 4 to be

3 1 F (With the plane losing height fast, Burkill asked his co-pilot, John Coward, to take the controls) 2 F (passengers escaped without serious injury) 3 F (he had … a loving wife) 4 F (it was only read by senior management … No word of it reached his colleagues) 5 T (it praised Captain Burkill’s decision) 6 F (He began applying for jobs with other airlines) 4 1 villain (line 4) 4 let down (line 27) 2 miraculously (line 14) 5 betrayed (line 36) 3 competent (line 21) 6 awarded (line 55) 5 People involved

Their view on the accident and Burkill’s role in it Peter He took a risk Burkill but it worked and the rest was luck. BA staff They thought he had panicked and frozen. BA They decided management Burkill was not to blame, but they waited for the official report. AAIB The actions of Burkhill and the crew had saved the lives of the passengers on

Motivation for taking this view He did what any pilot would have done. not clear – as a result of rumours They were afraid of bad publicity.

It was their job to investigate and report their findings

the press

board. They said Burkill had frozen and they claimed that John Coward was the real hero.

independently. They wanted to sell more papers.

6 Example answers There is no definitive answer. The story suggests that Burkill should be believed – the investigation was objective and showed he had done nothing wrong. The newspaper’s readers probably believed he had panicked. 7 1 had the last word (line 61) 2 Word went around (line 19) 2 it wasn’t even his word against the press (line 28) 3 No word of it (line 44) 8 1 don’t just believe what I say 2 didn’t know what to say 3 personal recommendations 4 promised 9 Students’ own answers 9d Spreading the news

2 Because Liam’s only been working at the company for a year. 3 He’s been fired from his job because he’s not a proper doctor. 4 No. 4 1 did you hear about; Apparently; But according to; don’t believe it 2 reckons; ’d take that with a pinch of salt 3 someone told me; It seems; tends to exaggerate 4 doesn’t surprise me 5b according generally happened information proportion reckon surprisingly 9e News story 1 1 fast cars in city streets that are noisy and dangerous 2 a ban or confiscation of the cars 3 fans of super cars, but also perhaps the hotels and Restaurants 2 1c2d3a4e5b 3a a capital b inside c before d before

1 Example answers a a businessperson has given a politician money to help a deal go through; a banker has been caught taking money for himself b a colleague is having a relationship with another woman who is not his wife; a neighbour has been seen with a new boyfriend or girlfriend c two film stars are getting divorced; someone famous looks like they may be pregnant d a well-known politician has a criminal record or a love child; someone has reacted in a negative and dramatic way to an event

3b 1 ‘Shall we eat, Grandma?’ he asked. 2 ‘I know exactly what he said,’ she said. 3 ‘That's very kind,’ she said, 'but I can manage.’ 4 General Sedgewick turned to his men and said, ‘Don’t worry, boys, they couldn’t hit an elephant at this distance …’

2 Conversation 1: money and status Conversation 2: people’s character and reputation

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3 1 He’s (apparently) been promoted / been given the job of area manager and is going to get a big pay rise.

9f News: the weird and the wonderful 1 Students’ own answers

4 Example answers 1 Students’ own opinions 2 Story 1: Hero Humpbacks / Heroes of the seas / Protectors of the seas Story 2: No ordinary fried chicken seller / Mr Teflon

5 1 larger, gentler, huge, kind 2 seals, sealions, sunfish and grey whales 3 smaller, ruthless, sharp (teeth) 4 They use their huge bodies to get in the way and they swipe at the orcas with their long flippers. 5 Researchers have found no particular advantage to the humpbacks.

6 Mr Tanooka blames himself for reacting / having reacted too harshly.

6 1 stall 2 ordinary 3 Seven 4 squirrel 5 mango 6 splashed 7 body 8 taxi 9 doctor 10 mirror 11 burns

4 Example answers According to news reports, the boy immediately asked to be taken to a fast food restaurant. It is said that the boy was taken to a hospital to be checked by doctors. It seems that Yamato made an excellent recovery in the days after his frightening experience. I heard that he is now interested in survival techniques and has read some books on the subject.

7 1 incredible 2 any 3 sales

5 1 take; suggest 2 of; denies; against 3 for; urge; convince

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6 1 Chinese parents usually insist on accompanying their children when they first go to university in order to settle them in. 2 She agreed to let him take a photograph of her. 3 He was accused of freezing at the controls of a passenger plane when the engines failed.

8b Example answers 1 You made quick work of eating all that cake! 2 I am really put off when I see that the toilets in a restaurant aren’t very clean. 3 My brother is in a vulnerable situation because he’s just been made redundant from his job. Unit 9 Review 1 1 to have gone 2 for keeping 3 not panicking 4 is believed 5 to get 6 to reacting or to having reacted 7 for causing 8 are known 9 to be 10 to have had 11 to find 12 (to) stay 2 1 PT 2 T 3 T 4 PT 3 4 Yamato is believed to have been misbehaving.

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