• Author / Uploaded
• al_veddero

Citation preview

2bach

1

Training language with rephrasing or rewriting can have a twofold aim for us: first, we will practise exactly the kind of grammar tasks that are awaiting for us in our beloved PAU test; second, it will improve our writing considerably, for example when we are writing our conclusion in an essay (we have to rephrase opinions and arguments) or in a review, or just because we force ourselves into writing complex structures so that our language becomes more varied and richer. So, here you are. (This is one of the most frequent types of rephrasing exercises in PAU; they can ask you for nearly anything, ranging from passives, causatives, modals, tense changes, use of connectors, and all that jazz) REPHRASE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE WORD GIVEN SO THAT THEY HAVE A SIMILAR MEANING TO THE GIVEN ONE: 1. . She will ask someone to build a shed for her. BUILT 2. They stayed up all night because they wanted to see the comet. ORDER 3. . Could you explain this to me? MIND 4. . It's possible that she won't ring after all. MAY 5.

. His car is in the garage where they are changing its wheels. HAVING

6. . Tommy's bicycle was stolen. HAD 7. . People say that he was treated unfairly. SAID 8. . It wasn't necessary for you to send us a cheque. NEEDN'T 9. . If you don't remember his number, how can you phone him? UNLESS 10. . Her dad will shorten her jeans. SHORTENED 11. . The day was so wet that I stayed at home. SUCH 12. . Is your friend feeding the dog while you're away? FED 13. . She asked a caterer to prepare the food for the reception. HAD 14. . This is the school I studied at. WHERE 15. . It is not possible that he has spent so much money. CAN'T 16. . You should get some house insurance because you may be burglec CASE 17. . My sister is ¡n hospital where they are taking her appendix out. HAVING 18. A tailor made his new suit. HAD 19. . A naughty boy broke Jim's shop window. HAD

2bach

2

20. . My friend will ask someone to organise his party. ORGANISED 21. . He's going to ask an accountant to check his receipts. CHECKED 22. . A plumber repaired Mrs Smith's sink. GOT 23. . His finger was shot off in the war. HAD 24. . Did you get your brother to fix your motorbike? HAVE (This is equally frequent; instead of being given a word, you’re asked to finish the sentence; again, all grammar is likely to show up here) COMPLETE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT IT HAS A SIMILAR MEANING TO THE FIRST: 25. . He won't help you if you don't ask him. Unless 26. . Everyone knows that the statement was untrue. The statement. 27. She's a managing director although she's only seventeen. Despite the fact 28. The last time he went to Rome was two years ago. He hasn't 29. When was the last time you went to a museum? How long ago 30. Even though he's a millionaire, he hates spending money. In spite of 31. It never seemed likely that the disagreement would be settled. At no 32. If you park here, you'll be fined 150£ . Don’t 33. You'd better confess your crime. If 34. He was too ill to go to work. He wasn't 35. You do not often come across someone as well-informed as Julian Assange. Seldom 36. The film was boring. I was 37. It's a long time since he heard from his brother. He hasn't. 38. Although he has been told to stop, he still smokes. In spite of 39. I’ve never ridden a camel before. It's the 40. Walking for miles is tiring.

2bach

3

It's 41. We had just sat down to eat when the telephone rang. No sooner 42. It's too hard for them to climb up the mountain. It isn't 43. In spite of losing thirty kilos, she's still overweight. Although. 44. This is the silliest story I’ve ever read. l've never 45. Could you lend me your gloves, please? Would you mind 46. His remark was irritating. I 47. . Many people believe that the climate is changing. It 48. You are not to visit the old part of town on your own, whatever happens. Under no 49. . You'd better see a doctor. If 50. Take your medicine, otherwise you won't get better. If. 51. . Everyone knows that he has been in prison He. 52. I refuse to work for that company again. Never 53. She didn’t really realise what was about to happen. Little 54. You won't make any spelling mistakes provided you use a dictionary. If 55. . They claim that this diamond is the largest in the world. It 56. He would not have learned the news if he hadn't been listening to the radio. Had 57. She went home early because she was exhausted. If 58. She attended the meeting ¡n spite of her illness. Although 59. He performs so well that the audience hang on his every word. So 60. They managed to arrive on time, despite the heavy snowstorm. Even though 61. . Many people say that the new prices are too high.

2bach

4

The new prices 62. We were not allowed into the country until our visas had been double-checked. Only 63. This is the first time that television has played such an important role in our lives. Never 64. It was to be another six months before Sally met him again. Not (Sometimes you are not just given the beginning, but also the end of the sentence, and you’re asked to complete it. It’s easier, but it also can be the best way to ask you to write modal verbs) 65. This is the best holiday I ‘ve ever had. I Ve never had …………………………………….before. 66. She's never been skiing before. It's the ............................................................ skiing. 67. When did you move to this house? How long is it ……………………………………………this house? 68. The last time I saw Sally was a year ago. It's ………………………………………………….saw Sally. 69. Despite his youth he can speak three languages. Although …………………………………………languages. 70. It's months since I saw a good film. I haven't………………………………. months. 71. They arrived too late to meet the princess. They didn't…………………………………………….. the princess. 72. Do you mind checking this for me? Could ......................................................... for me? 73. It wasn't necessary for you to buy a ticket. You needn't ........................................... a ticket. 74. It's not possible that he's Italian! He…………………………………………… Italian! 75. It was wrong of her to tell lies. She ……………………………………………. lies. 76. She is expected to win the competition. It ………………………………………… the competition. 77. People say that he is very talented. He .......................................................... talented. 78. Ring him now, otherwise it will be too late. If you……………………………………………………….. too late. 79. Vandals destroyed Jack's car. Jack had ......................................................... vandals. 80. A famous artist has painted her portrait.

2bach

5

She has .................................................... artist. 81. I Ve never seen such a tall man. He's ............................................................... seen. 82. Everyone thinks he's a dishonest businessman. He ¡s regarded ............................................................................. businessman. 83. "Don't tease the dog!" he said to me. He warned ..................................................... dog. (Often we can read the target grammar straightforward in the rubric of the exercise. This is usually the case with reported speech, relative clauses, and modal verbs) REPHRASE THE FOLLOWING USING REPORTED SCPEECH/REPORT THE FOLLOWING UTTERANCES. 84. "May I have a piece of cake please?" she said. 85. "Yes, okay. l'll tell him about the accident," he said. 86. "I must have the report by tomorrow," the boss said. 87. "Please, please let me go to the party," Sue asked her mother. 88. "l'll never be naughty again," Ted said to his father. 89. "Stand up straight!" said the sergeant to the soldier 90. "Yes, it was me who robbed the bank," he said. 91. "I didn't come to work because I was ¡II," she said to her boss 92. "Let's play chess," he said. 93. “I’m sorry I forgot to phone you," he said to her 94. "Don't forget to go to the bank," she said to him. 95. "You should relax more," the doctor said to him. 96. "Mark is always shouting at me, "she said. 97. "Yes, it is a nice dress," he said. 98. "Shall I carry your bag, Tracy?" he said. 99. "No, I certainly won't do your homework Graham,"said Bill. 100.

"You scratched my record," he said to her.

101.

"Leave now or l'll phone the pólice," she said to the salesman.

2bach

6

102.

"Oh alright, l'll lend you my car, Tom," she said.

103.

"It's true, I broke the window," he said.

104.

"l'll phone you as soon as I arrive," she said to me.

105.

"You're right, she is beautiful," she said.

106.

"No, I won't marry you, John," she said.

107.

"If you try to escape, l'll shoot you," he said to the prisoner.

108.

"Why don't we have chicken for dinner?" he said.

109.

"You must sign the contract, Mr Harrison," she said.

110.

"l'll punish you if you do that again!" he said to the boy.

111.

"Would you like me to show you how to use this computer?" she said to me.

112.

"Yes, it is a good idea," he said.

REPHRASE THE FOLLOWING USING THE APPROPRIATE MODAL VERB. 113.

. It's possible that the plañe will be late.

114.

It would have been better if you had told them the truth.

115.

. It's not possible that he said that.

116.

. You aren't allowed to smoke in the house.

117.

. Do you think you could type this for me?

118.

. Why don't we go swimming?

119.

. Do you mind if I shut the window?

120.

. There was no reason for her to come that early.

121.

. You nearly caused an accident. Be careful!

122.

. Is it possible for her to win?

REWRITE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN AND USING A PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION. 123. It is alleged that he had no knowledge of the situation. He ........................................................................................ 124.

It is thought that he will be arriving later in the day.

2bach

7

He ......................................................................................... 125.

According to reports, the pólice have already arrested a man.

The police .......................................................................... 126.

She was believed to have been using a false passport to enter the country. '

It........................................................................................... 127.

She is not thought to have been involved in the scandal.

It........................................................................................... 128.

It was said that he hadn't been aware of the gravity of the situation.

He ......................................................................................... 129.

It is claimed that he knew exactly what was happening.

He.......................................................................................... 130.

There were rumours about her having married a rich film star.

She....................................................................................... JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BY MEANS OF A RELATIVE CLAUSE. 131. Jim is the man. He met the Queen last year. 132.

That’s the building. I passed by it.

133.

That's the beach. I used to go swimming there.

134.

Steven lives in Bradford. It is a city in the north of England.

135.

She is the nurse. I gave the flowers to her.

136.

July was the month. My sister was born then

137.

. This is my new coat. I bought it in yesterday's sale

138.

We’re the teachers. Your parents pay us for our job.

139.

They’re the shops. I got these gifts from them.

140.

. This is the factory. My father used to work here.

141.

That’s the chair. I sat on it because I was knackered.

142.

He’s the accountant. You recommended him to me.

143.

They’re the secretaries. Mr Thin fired them.

144.

That’s the bee. I saw it in the car a while ago but then it seemed to vanish!

145.

That's the man. His wife is a famous actress

146.

America is the country. The best hamburgers are made there

2bach

8

147.

He’s the boy. I bought this toy for him.

148.

Jo is an actress. She has just finished making her first film

149.

That's the dog. It always barks when you approach it

150.

1666 was the year. A great fire destroyed much of London.

151.

Christmas is the time. People buy each other presents.

152.

He’s the man. I sent the money to him.

153.

These are the sentences. I wrote them under high fever, so sorry about that.

2bach

9

(A much more interesting kind of rephrasing exercise is that where we are both given a word to use and part of a sentence to complete. It’s sometimes difficult, but it’s about the best way to ask for collocations, phrasal expressions and idioms. Grammar can also be the target, though. All in all, it’s just a challenging way of forcing students into looking things up in dictionaries or grammar reference and making them think a bit about how words can be used) COMPLETE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT ¡T HAS A SIMILAR MEANING TO THE FIRST SENTENCE, USING THE WORD GIVEN. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN. USE BETWEEN THREE AND SIX WORDS, INCLUDING THE WORD GIVEN. 154.

She said she'd come round so l'm sure she's on her way now.

MUST She said she'd come round so .......................................on her way now. 155.

What a pity he couldn't come.

WISH I ....................................... come. 156.

I managed to finish the preparations in time.

SUCCEEDED I ....................................... the preparations in time. 157.

It isn't necessary to cali him as he already knows about it.

HAVE You ....................................... cali him as he alreadyknows about it. 158.

When he spoke to me he agreed that I wasn't responsible.

FAULT When he spoke to me he agreed that……………………………………………. 159.

She didn't want to join in with the singing.

TAKE She didn't want....................................... the singing. 160.

Anya didn't come to the dinner yesterday evening so perhaps she was ill.

MUST Anya didn't come to the dinner yesterday evening so…………………………………… 161.

She'll probably end up marrying him!

CHANCES The ....................................... end up marrying him. 162.

What would you have been if you had never studied to be a doctor?

IMAGINE ....................................... to be a doctor, what would you have been? 163.

Might you give up working if you won the lottery?

SUPPOSING ....................................... you give up working? 164.

I didn't realise I could catch malaria so I didn't take any tablets.

HAD ....................................... catch malaria, I would have taken some tablets. 165.

If I had a facelift, what woud you think?

2bach

10

WERE ....................................... a facelift, what would you think? 166.

If you need any help, do not hesitate to call.

SHOULD ....................................... do not hesitate to cali. 167.

It's possible that getting stuck in traffic made him late.

MIGHT He ....................................... because he got stuck ¡n traffic. 168.

I won't do the analysis unless you clear up the lab

LONG l'll ....................................... you clear up the lab. 169.

The money must be repaid if the project ¡s not completed.

BACK You ....................................... if the project is not completed. 170.

'I have had Botox injections,' the actress admitted.

CONFESSED The actress....................................... Botox ¡njections. 171.

He said that he hadn't performed surgery for a while.

PRACTICE He said ....................................... performing surgery. 172.

It would be a good idea to speak to a consultant first.

SUGGEST I ....................................... to a consultant first. 173.

I only invited you because I thought you wanted to come.

WOULDN'T I ....................................... I thought you didn't want tocome. 174.

You do realise you may fail your exams!

DANGER Are you aware that you ....................................... your exams? 175.

She waved until the train could not be seen any more.

SIGHT She waved until the train ................................ 176.

I regret speaking to him like that.

WISH I .......................... to him like that. 177.

l'm phoning because my son is too il! to talk to you.

BEHALF l'm phoning ......................... my son, who is ill 178.

She isn't in so I assume she went to the party.

MUST She ............................... to the party. 179.

She should get him to do more housework.

2bach

11

HIGH TIME ................................ to do more housework. 180.

I thought you wanted me to invite him.

IMPRESSION I was ......................... you wanted me to invite him. 181.

We need to know how genes determine behaviour.

ROLE We need to know what .........................................behaviour. 182.

Javier and I are completely different.

COMMON I ............................... Javier. 183.

Breathing slowly results in you feeling calmer.

MAKE Breathing slowly ................... calmer. 184.

'You really shouldn't argue about your results,' he said.

ADVISED He ................... about my results. 185.

Designers have to try not to replicate other people's work.

AVOID Designers have to ................... other people's work. 186.

She said she wouldn't fund my art course if I didn't work harder.

THREATENED She ................... my art course ¡f I didn't work harder. 187.

You didn't tell me that the exhibition was finishing today!

NEGLECTED You ................... the exhibition was finishing today! 188.

We started our journey at o'clock in the morning.

SET We .................... at o'clock in the morning. 189.

l'm sure her career will be successful.

SUCCESS l'm sure .................... her career. 190.

l've never climbed Mount Snowdon, but l'm going to have a go.

ATTEMPT l'm going .................... Mount Snowdon. 191.

He's going to blow the whistle in the next minute.

ABOUT He .................... the whistle. 192.

I can never remember people's names.

MEMORY I .................... people's names. 193.

I was very sorry that I hadn't taken the Job.

2bach

12

REGRETTED I .................... the job. 194.

Nothing interesting ever happens in my town.

ORDINARY Nothing .................... ever happens ¡n my town. 195.

He was sacked because he was incompetent.

GROUNDS He was sacked .................... incompetence. 196.

Travel agents don't always get the best price for their clients ¡n my view.

CONVINCED l'm not........................................ get the best price for their clients. 197.

I object to hanging around in airports.

WHAT ........................................ hanging around in airports. 198.

I only got my money back after weeks of calling.

MANAGE Only after weeks of calling ........................................ to get my money back. 199.

A drivers' strike delayed our train.

DUE Our train ........................................ a drivers' strike. 200.

I find travelling exciting.

WHAT ........................................ travelling. 201.

I resolved the problem by taking an extra suitcase.

WHAT ........................................ an extra suitcase. 202.

It worries me that I don't speak another language well.

WHAT ........................................ I don't speak another language well. 203.

I’ve not seen such a fantastic performance before.

NEVER .................... such a fantastic performance before. 204.

I had only just arrived when he insisted we went out again.

SOONER .................... he insisted on going out again. 205.

She's never been in greater need of a friend than now.

HARDL .................... in greater need of a friend.

2bach

13

206.

They split up and then realised that they did love each other.

ONLY .................... did they realise that they loved each other. 207.

You must never disturb someone when they are sleepwalking.

CIRCUMSTANCES .................... disturb someone when they are sleepwalking. 208.

I had only just got on the train when it left!

BARELY .................... on the train, when it left. 209.

She never doubted that she would be able to meet the challenge.

TIME .................... that she would be able to meet the challenge. 210.

I have hardly ever come across such a strange man.

SELDOM .................... such a strange man. 211.

They have decided they will publish the book this summer.

PUBLISHED It has been decided .................... this summer. 212.

They said the principal was resigning in the summer.

BE The principal .................... in the summer. 213.

The lectures gave the students an insight into modern history.

GIVEN The .................... modern history by the lectures. 214.

The school ¡ssued a leaflet telling students how to apply.

BY .................... the school telling students how to apply. 215.

The school is setting the exams in June.

BEING The exams .................... in June. 216.

People think that bilingual children were disadvantaged in the past.

THOUGHT Bilingual children .................... in the past. 217.

Nobody notices children who fail at school.

ATTENTION No .................... children who fail at school. 218.

Everybody should learn how to speak a second language.

TAUGHT A second language .................... everybody. 219.

It wasn't until I finished going out with him that I realised I missed him.

BROKEN I realised ..................................... him that I missed him.

2bach

14

220.

I hadn't seen such a wonderful painting before.

NEVER ……………………………………..such a wonderful painting. 221.

l'm sorry but we are unable to help.

REGRET I ..................................... we are unable to help. 222.

I lost my keys so I was late.

IF I ..................................... I hadn't lost my keys. 223.

She was beginning to change her mind about taking the Job.

SECOND She was ..................................... the job. 224.

The problem is not my fault.

BLAME I ..................................... the problem. 225.

The police thought he had been living in Canada.

HAVE He ..................................... in Canada. 226.

His wallet isn't here so l'm sure it was stolen.

MUST His wallet..................................... (Sometimes these exercises can sometimes become a little tricky. But, what can I say, English teachers find them good fun –weird species. Anyway, I think they should be given a shot, so to speak) FOR EACH OF THE SENTENCES IN THE FOLLOWING EXERCISES, COMPLETE THE SECOND SENTENCE WITH THREE TO EIGHT WORDS SO THAT IT HAS A SIMILAR MEANING TO THE FIRST SENTENCE, USING THE WORD GIVEN. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN. 227.

Petrol is very expensive these days.

COST The ………………………………………………………… these days. 228.

Over the past year the number of house buyers has risen considerably.

INCREASE Over the past year there ………………………………………………………… the number of house buyers. 229.

When the theft was discovered, Mike was immediately dismissed.

LED The discovery of the theft ............ ............ ............ dismissal. 230.

We only realised what had happened after the accident.

UNAWARE We …………………………………………………………after the accident. 231.

They think that Alex caused the problem.

2bach

15

SUSPECTED Alex…………………………………………………………the problem. 232.

I can't understand why he is unwilling to tell us the truth.

BAFFLED I…………………………………………………………to tell us the truth. 233.

She is a very valuable helper at the shop.

RELIED She ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ at the shop. 234.

One of the reasons the enterprise failed was that the manager was so inefficient.

CONTRIBUTED The manager's ………………………………………………………… 235.

Mark's brother suddenly decided to go home by bus.

SPUR Mark's brother decided ............................................................................ the bus home. 236.

Sandra didn't get any sleep at all last night

WINK Sandra ...................................................................................................... last night. 237.

The mistake was not discovered until we counted the money.

LIGHT The mistake only ...................................................................................... counted the money. 238.

I really can't understand why she so desperately needs to be popular.

CRAVING Her ................................................................................................. I really can't understand. 239.

Ten years ago, this shop's turnover was half of what it is today.

DOUBLED Over the past ten years this .................................................................................. turnover. 240.

A fight broke out almost immediately at the start of the match.

THAN No .................................................................................................... a flght broke out. 241.

She asked you to leave only because she wanted you to be safe.

HEART She only had your ........................................................................................... she asked you to leave. 242.

It was only with great difficulty that he could understand what they were saying.

VIRTUALLY

It was ........................................................................................................... what they were saying. 243. When we returned to the shop the manager was nowhere to be seen. SIGN

When we returned to the shop ................................................................................. manager. 244. TAKE

It was only at the age of eighteen that Heather started to do ballroom dancing.

2bach

16

Heather didn't ............................................................................... she was eighteen. 245.

George lost his job six months ago.

OUT George has ....................................................................................................... six months. 246.

Provided our fuel supply continues, we'll be fine.

RUN Unless we ........................................................................................... we'll be fine.. 247.

Watch my children for me while I'm away, won't you?

EYE Can you ................................................................................................... I'm away? 248.

He was supposed to telephone yesterday but he didn't have time.

SHOULD Although he .................................................................................................. round to it. 249.

All those who stay longer than six months have to register with the prlice.

OBLIGATORY Registration .......................................................................... who stays longer than six months. 250.

It was in your power to have him arrested for behaving so badly.

COULD You ............................................................................................................................ bad behaviour. 251.

It was remiss of you not to tell me to cancel the meeting.

MIGHT You ...................................................................................................................... off the meeting. 252.

Given the staff’s lack of interest, her attempts to solve the problem were pointless

BOTHERED Given the staff s lack of interest, she ....................................................... a solution to the problem. 253.

The cashier did what he was told, so it was unnecessary for the robber to use force.

NEED The robber .................................................................................. the cashier did what he was told. 254.

You won't believe how amazing the place is if you don't go and see for yourself.

SEEN

The place has to ............................................................. 255.

The first thing that makes an impression on you as you enter is the sheer size of the

place. STRIKES The first............................................................................ 256.

The restaurant is more like a warehouse than a place for eating and drinking in style.

WINING

2bach

17

The restaurant is ............................................................

2bach

18

It extends in all directions for a very long distance. EYE

The restaurant extends as far ...................................... 257.

The place is now making a lot of money.

HANDSOME

The place is...................................................................... 258.

Perhaps finding someone to replace her is proving difficult for him.

DIFFICULTY He appears .......................................................................................................... replace her. 259.

I can't wait for the new theatre to be completed.

FORWARD I'm .................................................................................................................. the new theatre. 260.

I really wish Pat paid more attention to his warnings.

LITTLE I bitterly ................................................................................................................... to his warnings. 261.

They are going to send us the tickets next week.

SENT I've arranged ...................................................................................................................... next week. 262.

'I forgot to postpone the appointment,' Robert.

PUT Robert confessed to ...................................................................................................... the appointment. 263.

He said it was absolutely untrue that someone had lent him the money.

HAVING He categorically ............................................................................................................................ the money. 264.

It's not normal for me to have to start so early.

MAKE I’m not used ............................................................................................................. start. 265.

The workmen think that it will take them until the end of the day to demolish the wall.

FINISHED The workmen hope to .......................................................................... down by the end of the day. 266.

Did it really slip your mind to contact us when you arrived there?

TOUCH Did you honestly ....................................................................... when you arrived there? 267.

He'll be getting promoted soon.

LONG It won't............................................................ promoted.

2bach

19

268.

He doesn't stand a very good chance of winning the race on Saturday.

UNLIKELY In the race on Saturday, he .......................................................................................... first. 269.

When he refuses to work overtime, I'm certain there'll be problems

BOUND His ............................................................................................................... create problems. 270.

Scientists are very close to discovering a cure for cancer.

VERGE Scientists .......................................................................................... a cure for cancer. 271.

I have to renew my licence next month.

DUE My licence ................................................................................................. next month. 272.

Everyone thinks the sale of the house will be complete by the end of the week

EXPECTED The house ........................................................................................... by the end of the week.