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TC 23-2

66-MM ROCKET LAUNCHER M202Al

APRIL 1978

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

TC 23-2 TRAINING CIRCULAR No. 23-2

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, D.C., 7 April 1978

66-MM ROCKET LAUNCHER M202Al

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION Section I.

General

Section II.

Description and Distribution

Chapter 2. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Section I.

Preoperational Inspections

Section II.

Engaging Targets

Section III.

Misfires, Malfunctions, and Safety

Chapter 3. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING AND DESTRUCTION Section I.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Section II.

Destruction to Prevent Enemy Use

Chapter 4. TECHNIQUES OF FIRE AND EMPLOYMENT Section I.

Firing Positions

Section II.

Employment

Appendix A References Appendix B Training Program Authorization

WARNING The M202A1 launcher is safe to load and fire if MWO 3-1055-45650-2 has been applied. You can determine if MWO 3-1055-456-50-2 has been made to your launcher by looking at the identification plate located on the same side of the launcher as the sight. If launcher does not contain MWO 3-1055-50-2, it is unsafe to fire unless firing procedures outlined in Chapter 2, Change 3, TM 31055-456-12 are followed.

The word "he" or "his" in this publication is intended to include both the masculine and feminine genders and any exception to this will be so noted.

1. INTRODUCTION Section I. GENERAL

1-1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE This training circular provides guidance for use of the 66-mm rocket launcher, M202Al. It contains information on general characteristics, operating procedures, firing positions, misfire procedures, techniques of fire, maintenance, destruction of equipment to prevent enemy use, employment, and training.

1-2. RECOMMENDED CHANGES Users of this training circular are encouraged to submit recommended changes and comments to improve the publication. Comments should be keyed to the specific page, paragraph, and line of text in which the change is recommended. Reasons should be provided for each comment to insure understanding and complete evaluation. Comments should be forwarded directly to the Commandant, United States Army Infantry School, ATTN: ATSH-I-V, Fort Benning, Georgia 31905.

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Section II. DESCRIPTION AND DISTRIBUTION

1-3. CHARACTERISTICS The M202Al is a lightweight, individual rocket launcher aimed and fired on the right shoulder, from the standing, kneeling, or prone position. The launcher is loaded with a clip which contains four rockets, and it can fire from one to four rockets semiautomatically at a rate of one rocket per second and can be reloaded with a new clip. It is half as heavy as the M9Al-7 and M2Al-7 portable flamethrowers, has five times the range against point targets, and requires less servicing and maintenance.

1-4. DISTRIBUTION The M202Al rocket launcher is issued to the headquarters and headquarters company of the following units in the quantities shown:

TYPE UNIT Mechanized infantry Infantry Airborne infantry Airmobile infantry

AUTHORIZATION 9 9 6 9

They are issued as needed, generally one per rifle platoon. There is no dedicated gunner for the M202Al, and selected individuals in each rifle platoon and scout platoon should be trained in its use. The basic load for each launcher is three M74 rocket clips.

1-5. CAPABILITIES The M74 rocket is filled with 0.61 kilograms (1.3 lbs) of thickened pyrophoric agent (TPA). This TPA is triethylaluminum TEA), a substance similar to white phosphorus, which burns spontaneously when exposed to air. It burns at temperatures between 1400-2200 degrees Fahrenheit. The M74 rocket is used to engage area type targets, such as troops in the open, out to a maximum range of 750 meters and point type targets, such as bunkers or vehicles, out to a maximum range of 200 meters. The minimum safe firing distance to a target is 20

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meters. (The M74 rocket has a bursting radius of 20 meters; therefore, engaging targets closer than 20 meters may result in injury to friendly troops.)

1-6. TABULATED DATA

a. M202Al Rocket Launcher (fig 1-1). Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 kg (1 1.5 lb) Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 cm (27.0 in) Operating temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-32 degrees C to +60 degrees C (-25 degrees F to +140 degrees F) Weight with full clip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2.09 kg (26.6 lb) Length with clip extended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 cm (34.75 in) Range at which a 0.5 probability of an effective target hit can be expected (firing one rocket clip): Bunker aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 meters Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 meters Uncovered weapons positions and Stationary vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 meters Squad-size troop formations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500 meters Maximum range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 meters Minimum safe range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 meters Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .single shot Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . reflex

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Figure 1-1. M202A1 rocket launcher with sling.

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b.M74 Rocket Clip (fig 1-2). Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.86 kg(15.1lb) Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 cm (21.5 in) Storage temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -45 degreesCto+60degreesC (-40 degrees F to +140 degrees F) Muzzle velocity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.5 meters per second Bursting radius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................ 20 meters Arming radius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 to 1 3 meters (1 8 to 44 ft) Caliber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................ . 66-mm Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... incendiary

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Figure 1-2. M74 rocket clip.

1-6

2. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Section I. PREOPERATIONAL INSPECTIONS 2-1. INTRODUCTION Now that you are familiar with some of the basic characteristics and capabilities of the M202Al rocket launcher, you are ready to prepare the M202Al for operation. However, before placing the launcher into operation, you should perform a preoperational inspection and function check. 2-2. PREOPERATIONAL INSPECTION a. Visually inspect the exterior of the launcher for damaged, loose, or missing parts; dents; cracks; separations; and loose fiberglass. Also, check next to the data plate, on the left side of the launcher, to insure that both MWOs have been apphed. If so, there will be a number two (2) stamped after the MWO number. If not, turn the launcher in to maintenance for application of the MWO. b. Check the reflecting sight for defects such as dents and missing or loose parts. Insure that the sight lock (18, fig 1-1) can be placed into both the firing and stowed positions. With the sight in the firing position, lift the lens cover. Sight through the lens and check for improper alignment of the reticle, obscured vision, or a broken reticle. 2-3. FUNCTION CHECK After you have completed the exterior examination, you must perform a function check. a. Unfasten the latch on the rear dust cover and rotate the cover down. Insure the latch, hinge, and cover are serviceable. b. Check the front cover trigger-handle interlock system as described below: (1) Unfasten the latch on the front dust cover (2, fig 1-1),rotate the front cover handle (1, fig 1-1) outward until it stops, and rotate the front cover down below the launcher tubes, applying sufficient pressure to -release the trigger-handle (14, fig 1-1) from its retracted position. NOTE: If the trigger-handle will not release, check to insure the front cover is in a fully locked position.

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(2) Pull the trigger-handle assembly down and lock it into position. NOTE: The firing pins will not operate while the firing pin mechanism assembly is in the retracted position. (3) To prevent an accidental firing when pressing on the rocket clip to insure it is locked onto the firing pin housing, check that the firing pins do not extend more than I/8-inch past their -rubber seals. c. To check the firing pin mechanism assembly (fig 2-1) and trigger safety (fig2-2), proceed with the following steps: (1) Grasp the firing pin mechanism housing (4, fig 2-1) and fully extend it from the launcher, holding it firmly. Do not allow the firing pin housing to rotate. (2) Place the trigger safety to the rear (fire) position and pull the trigger. (3) Upon firing, the firing pin should protrude from the housing. This may be observed from the rear of the launcher. (4) Move the trigger safety to the forward (safe) position. Pull the trigger. The trigger should not operate. (5) Retract the firing pin housing back into the launcher. Figure 2-1. Firing pin mechanism assembly.

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Figure 2-2.Placing safety in the SAFE position.

d. Inspect the interior of the launch tubes for dents or cracks; raveled, frayed, or loose fiberglass; or visible signs of bums in any tube. Check for sand, dirt, or other foreign matter which could damage the rocket warhead when fired. 2-4. ROCKET CLIP INSPECTION When satisfied with the inspection and functioning of the rocket launcher, inspect the rocket clip for defects such as leaking rockets, loose warheads, bail not under spring tension, dented rocket canister, rust or corrosion, or other foreign matter such as sand or dirt. Insure the clip latch is present and each rocket has a retainer. If the clip latch (6, fig 1-2) is missing from the clip manifold (9, fig 1-2), a spare latch is stored in the rear cover of the launcher (10, fig 1-1).

Section II. ENGAGING TARGETS 2-5. LOADING Once you are satisfied with the inspection of the rocket clip, you are then ready to load the launcher. The following procedures should be used in loading the clip into the launcher.

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a. Place the trigger safety in the "SAFE" position (fig 2-2). b. Position the launcher on the ground, resting on its (closed) front cover with the front cover handle in the stowed position (fig 2-3). c. Open the rear cover (5, fig1-1) by releasing rear-cover latch and rotate it down and beneath the launcher. d. Supporting the launcher with the left hand on the sight, partially insert the rocket clip into the rear end of launcher tubes (with bail toward rear dust cover) using rocket warheads as guides. e. Grasp the end of clip support strap nearest two black snaps (3, fig 1-2) and pull it outward to remove the strap and spacers from the clip. f. Once the support strap has been removed, depress the launcher clip lock button (9, fig 1-1). This will allow you to fully insert the rocket clip into the launcher. (You should hear a "click" as the clip latch locks onto the firing pin assembly. If not, press firmly on the rear of the rocket clip; the clip latch should lock onto the firing pin assembly. To check, pull outward on the bail. If the firing pin assembly remains attached to the clip latch manifold, the firing pin assembly is locked in position.)

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Figure 2-3. Loading the clip into the launcher.

g. Make a manual and/or visual check to insure that the prongs of the clip latch are fully seated in the clip attachment slot of the firing pin mechanism assembly (fig 2-4). The launcher is now loaded. If the launcher is not to be fired right away, close and latch the rear cover, and the rocket system is ready for you to carry until an appropriate target is available. With the rocket clip in the forward position and the rear cover closed, the weapon is in a "safe" condition. Before you shoot the weapon, you must prepare it for firing.

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Figure 2-4. Clip latch positioned for firing.

2-6. PREPARING WEAPON FOR FIRING a. Open the rear cover, grasp the bail handle, and pull the rocket clip outward until it is fully extended and locked into position (you should hear a "click" indicating the rocket clip is locked). Then release the bail handle, insuring that it folds against the rear edge of the clip in the downward position (fig 2-5).

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Figure 2-5. Preparing the weapon for firing.

b. Position the weapon on the right shoulder so that the rear cover acts as a shoulder rest in front of the right shoulder. Place the right hand under the launcher to support it, while using the left hand to unlatch the front cover and rotate the handle outward until it stops. Then rotate the front cover down until it locks into position (fig 2-6). This action release the trigger handle assembly which is located beneath the launcher. If the trigger handle assembly does not extend, pull it downward until it locks into position. The front dust cover must be held in the open position.

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Figure 2-6. Locking front cover into position.

NOTE: DO NOT attempt to pull trigger handle assembly down if front dust cover is not locked in the open position. To do so will prevent the dust cover from locking in the open position which will prevent the weapon from firing. c. With thumb and forefinger, grasp the trigger-handle assembly immediately behind the locked front cover. Extend the triggerhandle, insuring it is fully seated in the firing position and the safety switch is in the SAFE position. Check the area to the rear of the launcher to insure that all personnel, material, and obstructions that would interfere or present a safety hazard are clear of the rear danger zone. Paragraph 2-14 provides additional information on safety. Next, extend the sight by depressing the sight lock, and moving it to the rear detent position. Raise the protective lens cover and the launcher is ready to fire (fig 2-7).

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Figure 2-7. Launcher ready to fire.

2-7. SIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND AIMING a. Reflecting sight assembly (fig 2-8). The sight is bore sighted at the factory and by organizational maintenance personnel as necessary. TM 31055-456-12 gives a detailed explanation of the procedure used by organizational maintenance personnel for bore sighting. The reflecting sight assembly consists of the-(1) Sight. The reflection sight has a ladder type reticle pattern (fig2-9) with curved stadia lines on both sides of the vertical center line. Current sighting procedures do not require use of the stadia lines to obtain approximate target distance. Paragraph 2-8 discusses techniques of range determination /estimation. The vertical range line is graduated in 100-meter increments from 0 to 500 meters from the top to the bottom of the sight reticle. On either side of the vertical range line are horizontal lead lines which aid the gunner in engaging moving targets. (2) Sight lock (11, fig2-8). The sight lock is a spring lock is a spring loaded arm used to lock the sight in either the stowed or firing position. (3) Mounting plate (1, fig2-8). The mounting plate contains an elevation adjustment plate which has two notches for placing the sight in the stowed or firing position. Also the plate allows adjustment to be made on the sight.

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Figure 2-8. Sight.

Figure 2-9. Sight and center vertical line.

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b. Selection of an aiming point. (1) Point-type targets. The center of visible mass is the aiming point for point-type stationary targets (fig 2-10). Figure 2-10. Aiming point for point-type stationary target.

(2)Area-type targets. When engaging area-type targets, the weapon which poses the greatest threat should be engaged first. When the "greatest" threat is eliminated or does not exist, engage the target at the center of the near half of the target (fig 2-11). Figure 2-11. Aiming point for area-type target.

c. Sight picture. A proper sight picture is obtained by centering the target within the sight reticle at the appropriate range. Figure 2-12 depicts the sight picture for a stationary target at 150 meters. Figure 2-12. Sight picture

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d. Applying lead. Each lead line or space represents 8 kph (5 mph) of apparent speed. Lead is applied to targets moving across the gunner's front. Determination of range and speed is discussed in paragraphs 2-8 and 2-9. (1) Targets moving directly across the gunner's front (fig 213 and 2-14). Estimate the target's speed as either slow (8 kph or less) or fast (9 kph or more). For slow moving targets locate the proper range mark on the vertical range line, locate the lead line which is horizontal to the range mark, place one lead line distance on center of mass of the target and fire. For fast moving targets use the same procedure as for slow targets except that the lead line is placed on the front leading edge of the target. Be sure to select the left or right lead line which places the vertical center line in front of the target. NOTE: Figure 2-13. Target moving across gunners Front (slow target).

Figure 2-14. Target moving across gunner's Front (fast target)

(2) Target moving at an angle toward or away from the gunner (fig 2-15 and 2-16). If more of the vehicle's side is visible than its front or rear, engage the target as if it were moving directly across your front. The fast or slow speed determination will be based upon the target's speed straight across your line of fire. If more of the front or rear is visible

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engage the target as if it were a slow target moving directly across your front. Figure 2-15. Target moving at an angle Toward gunner (slow target)

Figure 2-16. Target moving at an angle toward gunner (fast target).

2-8. RANGE DETERMINATION. The probability of hitting any target with the M202Al rocket launcher is greatly increased if the gunner actually knows the range of the target. It is important that methods of range determination be taught and frequently used by all soldiers who may have to employ the M202AI. Some of the methods of determining the range to targets are rangefinders, measurement of the distance by map inspection, intersection using compasses, pacing, use of direct fire weapons such as machineguns, or visual range estimation. Visual range estimation is the least desirable method due to its inaccuracy; however, in the offense or in a hasty defense, it may be necessary to use this method. Therefore, all troops should receive training and frequent practice in the methods of visual estimation of range. Two methods are: a.100-meter unit-of-measure method. To use this method, the soldier must be able to visualize the number of 100-meter increments on the ground between his position and the target. A more detailed explanation of this method can be found in FM 23-9, para 6-8c (2) (a). b. The appearance-of-objects method. It is often impossible to see all of the terrain to the target, which makes it impractical to apply the 100-meterunit-of-measure method. Ranges must then be

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estimated by the appearance of-objects method. To use this method, the soldier, must learn through practice how familiarobjects look at various known ranges. For example, he studies the appearance of a man standing 100 meters away and fixes his appearance firmly in mind--his size and the details of his uniform and equipment. Next, he studies the man in a kneeling position, then in a prone position. This same procedure is followed at various known ranges out to 500 meters. By comparing the appearance of the man in these positions at known ranges, the soldier can establish a series of mental images which will help him to estimate range on unfamiliar terrain out to 500 meters. Training should also include the appearance of other familiar objects such as weapons and vehicles. Factors which affect the appearance of objects are shown in table 2-1. Table 2-1. Factors Affecting Range Estimation.

Factors to be considered in estimating range by eye.

Objects appear nearer Objects appear more distant than they really are and than they really are and ranges are overestimated. ranges are underestimated.

When most of the The target: Its clearness of outline and target is visible and offers a clear outline. details.

When only a small part of the target may be seen or target is small in relation to its surroundings

Nature of terrain or When looking across a When looking across a depression, all of which is position of the observer depression, most of visible which is hidden from view When looking downward from high ground

When looking from low ground toward high ground.

When looking down a straight, open road or along a railroad track.

When vision is narrowly confined as in streets, draws or forest trails.

When looking over uniform surfaces like water, snow desert, or

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grain fields Light and atmosphere

In bright light or when In poor light such as dawn and The sun is shining from dusk in rain, snow, for or when the sun is in the observer's behind the observer eyes When the target blends into the When the target is in sharp contrast with the background or terrain. background or is silhouetted, by reason of size, shape, or color. When seen in the clear Atmosphere of high altitudes

2-9. SPEED DETERMINATION a. Although the M74 rocket was designed primarily as a flame/ antipersonnel round for use against stationary targets, it may be used effectively against enemy vehicles carrying troops, ammo, or other supplies. Normally, these targets are in motion and accurate engagement depends upon the gunner's ability to determine speed as well as range. b. The ability to determine speed is developed by constant practice. The soldier should begin by determining the speed of vehicles at known ranges and moving in a constant direction. As the soldier improves, the range, direction, and type of vehicles can be varied. c. One method of determining target speed is to compare the speed of the target with the speed of a running man. If the target is traveling at the speed of a jogging man or slower, its speed is about 8 kph or less and the gunner should use the slow speed lead. If the target is traveling at the speed of a slow running pace or faster (9 kph or more), the gunner should use the fast speed lead. Due to the difference in size between a man and a vehicle, a gunner may tend to underestimate the vehicle's speed, but this can be corrected with practice. 2-10. SPECIAL AIMING TECHNIQUES a. Targets at a range of 500 meters or less. When firing on targets at 500 meters or less and the first round misses, the burst-on-target technique of fire should be used to gain a second round hit. The

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burst-on-target technique is very easily applied by following the procedures below: (1) After firing the weapon, hold your original sight picture until the rocket impacts. (2) Note the point on the sight reticle where the round burst appears (fig 2- 17) and move this point onto the center mass of the target (fig 2-18). (3) Fire again. This should give you a target hit; if not, apply the same principle (steps 1 and 2) and fire again--this time you should have a target hit. Figure 2-17. Burst-on-target aiming technique.

Figure 2-18. Center of mass of target.

b. Targets at ranges beyond 5OO meters. At ranges beyond 5OO meters and out to 700 meters, the M202Al rocket launcher can be used to suppress enemy troops in fortified positions or wooded areas with smoke and flame. To sight on target areas beyond 500 meters, the gunner should center the target in the bottom of the sight (fig 2-19 and 2-20). If he misses with his first round he should observe the round burst on his sight and try to move that point onto his target. Since the reticle is graduated only out to 500 meters, the

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burst may appear within the sight but not within the sight reticle itself. Figure 2-19. Woodline at 600 meters

Figure 2-20. Woodline at 700 meters.

2-11. Steady Hold The gunner must hold the M202A1 steady while firing to obtain an accurate first round and to properly employ the burst-on-target technique. The following principles of steady hold should be applied. a. Whenever possible, fire from a supported position. A stable weapon delivers a more accurate shot. b. Don't breathe during aiming and firing. Chest movement in and out will make aiming difficult. c. Relax; muscle strain or tension causes trembling. d. Pull the trigger; don't jerk it. Jerking will pull the weapon off target. e. With the left hand, hold the weapon so that the rear dust cover rests snugly against the right shoulder. 2-12. TRIGGER MANIPULATION Now that you know the sighting procedures, how to adjust fire, and understand the principles of holding the weapon steady, you are ready to fire the weapon (fig 2-21). To do this, release the trigger safety by moving the switch to the rear, then using two fingers and applying a smooth and steady rearward pressure, squeeze the trigger fully. After each rocket has fired, relax your fingers to allow the trigger to return to the fully forward position. This method must be repeated to fire each of the rockets. Only one rocket can be fired with each trigger squeeze.

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Figure 2-21. Firing the weapon.

2-13. LOADED CONDITION If all rockets are not fired, or none are fired, take the following steps when keeping the weapon loaded: a. Position trigger safety switch on SAFE. b. Close sight cover, position sight lock in forward detent, and fold sight assembly in against the launcher. c. Press trigger release button unlocking the trigger handle and rotate it upward, engaging the interlock and releasing the front cover. d. Close and latch front cover. e. Place your left hand under the launcher and your right hand around the lower right clip tube and lift the launcher from your shoulder. Position it on the ground resting on the front cover. f. Depress clip lock button and push on the rear of clip assembly, retracting the clip into the launcher. Before closing and latching the rear cover, perform a visual and/or manual -check of clip latch, insuring it is firmly engaged in the clip attachment slot of the firing pin mechanism assembly. 2-14. UNLOADING PROCEDURES To unload the rocket launcher, place it on the ground, resting on the front and rear dust covers. Insure the rear dust cover folds down against the rocket clip for stabilization. Remove the rocket clip latch using the combination tool provided.

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a. Depress the clip lock button, grasp one of the top two rocket tubes, and remove rocket clip by pulling rearward. b. Reinsert the firing pin housing into the launcher by rotating the firing pin housing slightly so it will slide back into the launcher. Close and lock the rear cover. Figure 2-22. Removing clip latch from clip manifold

Figure 2-23. Removing the rocket clip.

Section III. MISFIRES, MALFUNCTIONS, AND SAFETY 2-15. MISFIRE A failure to fire may be caused by a faulty firing mechanism or a faulty element in the propelling charge explosive train. 2-16. MISFIRE PROCEDURES When a misfire occurs, you should take the following actions: CAUTION: Do not assume that an initial failure of a round to fire is a complete misfire--it could be a hang fire or a mechanical delay. However, the misfire procedures outlined below are appropriate for either a complete misfire or a hang fire. a. In combat. (1) Squeeze the trigger four times after the last misfired rocket. If this clears the weapon, remove the empty clip and inspect the launcher before firing again.

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(2) If this does not clear the weapon, place the trigger safety in the SAFE position, keeping the weapon pointed toward the enemy, lower it from your shoulder and place it on the ground, resting on the front and rear dust covers. (3) Grasp the side of one clip tube and remove the clip latch to separate the firing pin mechanism from the clip. If separation does not occur, carefully insert a knife blade between the firing pin mechanism and clip manifold and apply pressure to obtain at least a 1 -inch separation between the two. (4) Depress the clip lock button, grasp either of the top two rocket tubes, and remove the clip. NOTE: Failure to depress the clip lock button will cause damage to the launcher. (5) Place the rocket clip on the ground as far away from your position as practical (60 meters desirable). Dispose of the rocket clip as described in paragraphs 3-3 to 3-5. (6) Inspect the launcher prior to loading again. In a training environment (1) Shout "MISFIRE" to warn all personnel that you have a misfire. Keep the launcher pointed at the target. (2) Squeeze the trigger four times after the last misfired rocket. if this clears the weapon, remove the empty clip and inspect the launcher before firing again. (3) If this does not clear the weapon, place the trigger safety in the SAFE position and keep the weapon on your shoulder pointed down range for 1 minute. (4) Keeping the weapon pointed down range, lower it from your shoulder and place it on a firm surface resting on the front and rear dust covers. (5) Grasp the side of one clip tube and remove the clip latch to separate the firing pin mechanism from the clip. If the separation does not occur, carefully insert a knife blade between the firing pin mechanism and clip manifold and

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apply pressure to obtain at least a 1-inch separation between the two. (6) Depress the clip lock button, grasp either of the top two rocket tubes, and remove the clip. NOTE: Failure to depress the clip lock button will cause damage to the launcher. (7) Dispose of the rocket clip in accordance with your installation/unit SOP, AR 75-1, and TM 3-1055-456-12. (8) Inspect the launcher prior to reloading. 2-17. LEAKING ROCKET A leaking rocket is characterized by burning fuel coming out of the rocket warhead. This can happen in three different situations: a. Before loading the rocket clip--immediately take cover at least 60 meters from the rocket clip. Do not move in front or to the rear of the rocket clip. Wait until the rocket clip stops burning. b. While loaded in the launcher without the clip being extended-place the launcher on the ground. Evacuate the area at least 60 meters and take cover. Do not move in front of the launcher or into the rear danger-zone area. c. When the rocket is fired--keep the launcher pointed toward the target area and pull the trigger to clear the weapon. If this clears the weapon, and triethylaluminum (TEA) is on the launcher, place the launcher on the ground and allow the TEA to bum itself out. If the weapon cannot be cleared of all rockets follow the procedures in 217b above. 2-18. DAMAGED ROCKETS a. If in combat the rockets become damaged by shrapnel or small arms fire the following actions should be taken: (1) Defense--drop the launcher in the fighting position and move to an adjacent position. (2) Offense-drop the launcher on the ground and continue the attack.

2-21

TC 23-2

b. In a training situation, insure that all personnel take cover as far as possible from the damaged rocket. Let the rocket burn out and then dispose of the unexpended rounds in accordance with local SOP. 2-19. SAFETY a. Back blast area (fig 2-24). Propellant gases escaping to the rear of the launcher can cause severe injury to personnel and damage to equipment located close to the firing position. The total back blast area extends 40 meters to the rear with a base of 38 meters. Figure 2-24. Back blast area.

(1)The danger zone extends 15 meters to the rear with a base of 15 meters. All personnel, equipment, and flammable materials must be kept clear of this area. (2) The caution zone extends an additional 25 meters with a base of 38 meters. Personnel in this area could be injured from secondary missiles thrown to the rear by the blast. (3) In a tactical situation, it is unlikely that the back blast area will be completely clear. Consequently, the launcher may be fired without injury to the firer as long as any rear vertical obstructions are at least 5 meters away from the launcher. Friendly troops providing security must be protected in a fighting position, behind a solid object, or lying prone with steel helmets facing the firing position. Additional Safety considerations. (1) The firer's body must be clear of the front and rear of the weapon while firing. (2) Do not engage hard targets less than 20 meters from the firing position. 2-22

TC 23-2

(3) Ear plugs must be worn by the firer as well as other troops in the immediate area. (4) The firer should exercise care when firing the launcher near bushes and trees. Rocket impact with a heavy branch may detonate the rocket warhead. (5) Targets at ranges greater than 200 meters should not be engaged from the prone firing position. The launcher elevation could cause exhaust gases and material to deflect from the ground and injure the gunner.

2-23

3. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING, AND DESTRUCTION

Section I. MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING

3-1. GUNNER'S RESPONSIBILITIES As an M202Al rocket launcher gunner you have no responsibility for replacement of parts on the weapon. This is accomplished by the unit armorer. You are, however, responsible for preventive maintenance checks, services, and troubleshooting. Listed below are some tips for keeping your launcher in top operating condition and a troubleshooting table to assist you in identifying probable cause of malfunctions and the corrective actions. a. Keep your launcher free of sand, mud, moisture, or any other foreign matter. b. If your launcher becomes dirty or wet, wipe it off with a clean, dry cloth particularly inside the launcher tubes). c. Protect your launcher from ice and snow. d. Observe the operating temperature limits of -32 Celsius to +60 degrees Celsius (-25 degrees Fahrenheit to +140 degrees Fahrenheit). e. When temperature and humidity are excessive or when salt air is present, inspect and clean your launcher daily. f. During sand and dust storms, keep your launcher covered as much of the time as the situation permits. Table 3-1. Operator Troubleshooting

Item No

Malfunction

Probable Cause

Corrective Action

1

Trigger does not release firing pins during operation check.

Defective mechanism

Return launcher to organizational maintenance.

3-1

TC 23-2 Worn toggle.

Return launcher to organizational maintenance.

2

Trigger handle does not stay in retracted position.

3

Trigger safety does Defective mechanism. not function.

Return launcher to organizational maintenance.

4

Inaccurate launcher Sight not firing. bore sighted properly

Return launcher to organizational maintenance for Bo sighting

3-2. ARMORER'S RESPONSIBILITIES. Organizational maintenance is performed by the unit armorer. a. He can remove/replace the sight, remove/replace the sling, bore sight and spot paint the launcher. See table 3-2 for a troubleshooting guide.

Item No.

Malfunction

Probable Cause

1

Inaccurate launcher a, Sight marks firing. not aligned properly.

Realign marks.

b. Damaged sight.

Replace sight and bore sight launcher.

Damaged or missing optical eye shield.

Replace.

2

Inability to sight launcher.

3

Nonadjustable sling Damaged strap, assembly. buckles, or snap.

3-2

Corrective Action

Replace hooks.

TC 23-2 b. He will evacuate the M202A1 to DS maintenance if a visual inspection reveals any of the following conditions: (1 ) Dented tubes. (2) Cracked tubes. (3) Unraveled, frayed, or loose fiberglass in any tube. (4) Visible signs of burns on inside of any tube.

Section II. DESTRUCTION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE 3-3. AUTHORIZATION TO DESTROY WEAPON. Destruction of the rocket launcher and/or rocket clip to prevent capture or abandonment in a combat zone must be authorized by the unit commander (TM 9-1300-206). 3-4. DESTRUCTION PROCEDURES. a. The rocket launcher should be destroyed by striking the launcher tubes, firing mechanism, and sight with an axe. The launcher can be run over by a vehicle, or, in extreme emergencies, destroyed by firing rifle or pistol rounds through the launch tubes, firing mechanism, and sight. b. The rockets should be destroyed by fired demolitions 800 meters from friendly troops whenever possible. When not possible, place the rockets in a foxhole and detonate them with a hand grenade. All personnel within 750 meters should be in covered positions. 3-5. PRIORITY OF DESTRUCTION. If you are unable to destroy the rocket launcher and the rocket clip at the same time, priority of destruction will be given to the rocket launcher.

3-3

Chapter 4. TECHNIQUES OF FIRE AND EMPLOYMENT

Section I. FIRING POSITIONS

4-1. GENERAL The M202Al rocket launcher is fired on the right shoulder in the standing, kneeling, or prone position. These positions will enable the gunner to fire from any cover on the battlefield. Each position has several factors which facilitate a steady hold, and is representative of how the weapon should be fired in training and in combat. The exact position may vary slightly to conform to the configuration of the gunner's body or the location of the target in relation to his firing position. You must insure that the position selected is stable, comfortable, and most suitable for engaging the target. Regardless of the position used, keep the launcher pointed toward the target with the muzzle end up. A modified sitting position may have to be used in a fighting position or on an APC. These are discussed later in this chapter. 4-2. STANDING. a. The first firing position to be discussed is the standing unsupported position (fig 4-1). This position is very similar to the standing position when firing a rifle. To get into this position, face the target and execute a half right face. Spread the feet a comfortable distance apart, and place the weapon on the right shoulder. The body should be well balanced with the hips level. The left hand should be placed on the front cover handle or under the trigger handle assembly of the launcher. The right shoulder should be placed against the rear cover and launcher for stability. The left hand is used to further steady the weapon by grasping the front cover handle and applying a steady rearward pressure.

4-1

TC 23-2 Figure 4-1. Standing Unsupported Position.

b. The standing supported position is designed to make use of any cover the gunner might find and to aid in stabilizing the weapon for more accurate firing. The type of support that will be most commonly found on the battlefield will either be vertical (a tree or high wall) or horizontal (a berm, fallen tree, fence, or a partially fallen wall). (1) To use a tree or high wall for support the gunner would use the position shown in figure 4-2. His left shoulder, forearm, thigh, and knee should rest against the tree or wall. His left knee is flexed and the right leg straight. The gunner should not bring the front of the launcher too close to the support or his sight will be blocked. When using this position the gunner is highly vulnerable to fire from his right side. It should not be used unless the target cannot be seen from the kneeling position.

4-2

TC 23-2 Figure 4-2. Standing Supported Position.

4-3

TC 23-2

(2) The gunner may choose to fire over his cover in the standing position. A great deal of support can be obtained from a fallen tree, berm, fence, or partially fallen wall. To fire over his cover the gunner would use the position as shown in figure 4-3. His left hand would be on the handle on the front dust cover with only his index finger through the hole in the handle. The remaining fingers should form a fist and the bottom of the fist should rest on the cover. His feet would be spread a comfortable distance apart. The gunner elevates or depresses the weapon by either increasing or decreasing the distance between his legs.

4-4

TC 23-2 Figure 4-3. Standing Supported Position (Over Cover).

4-3. KNEELING. a. The kneeling supported position is similar to the kneeling unsupported position for firing the rifle (fig 4-4). Kneel on the right knee with the right thigh at a 90 degree angle with the line of aim and sit back on the right heel, shifting the weight forward to a comfortable position. As viewed from the front, the lower left leg is vertical. Place the launcher on the right shoulder, keeping the rear cover forward of the right shoulder. Rest the upper left arm forward of the left knee, with the left hand on the front cover handle. Place the right arm against the side, right hand on the trigger assembly. This position is more suitable for engaging stationary targets. To engage moving targets, the gunner should straighten his body and remove his elbow from his knee to aid in tracking the target.

4-5

TC 23-2 Figure 4-4. Kneeling Unsupported Position.

b. The kneeling supported position can be used to fire around or over the gunner's cover. (1) To fire around the cover the gunner would use the position shown in figure 4-5. He would lean his left shoulder, upper arm, and thigh against the support. He should sit back on his right heel. The left elbow should rest on the upper portion of the left leg, near the knee. The left hand can be moved to support underneath the right hand for long-range targets. The gunner should not bring the front of the launcher too close to the support or his sight will be blocked.

4-6

TC 23-2 Figure 4-5. Kneeling Supported Position.

(2) If the gunner must fire over his cover, the kneeling supported position should be used. The gunner would fire as shown in figure 4-6. The gunner's elbows are on his cover for support. He kneels on both knees. Changes in elevation are made by spreading the elbows or bringing them together

4-7

TC 23-2 Figure 4-6. Kneeling Supported Position (Over Cover).

4-4. PRONE. This position (fig 4-7) is the most stable of the three positions; however, its use is limited to a maximum range of 200 meters. (To engage targets beyond this range requires elevating the front of the launcher which may cause injury from the backblast.) To get into this position, lie down at an angle of not less than 45 degrees to the line of fire in order to keep clear of the backblast area. Your back should be straight and the right leg directly on a line running through the right hip and right shoulder (if possible). Position your elbows well under the launcher in a comfortable position. You must insure your legs do not extend into the backblast area. The front dust cover or left wrist can rest on the ground for support. This position is very difficult for some gunners to attain. One or two sandbags under the upper arm or forearm may help, but this procedure is time-consuming and therefore impractical on the battlefield. This position should not be used unless it is absolutely necessary.

4-8

TC 23-2 Figure 4-7. The Prone Position.

Section II. EMPLOYMENT 4-5. INTRODUCTION The M202Al rocket launcher can be used in both an offensive and defensive role because it is lightweight, has an extended range, and has a minimal maintenance requirement. Due to the weapon's accuracy and the trajectory of the rocket, it can get into areas and enclosures which other weapons cannot enter. It can produce personnel casualties in bunkers, buildings, and covered or open foxholes, as well as damage unarmored vehicles and destroy combustible supplies, ammunition, and materiel. The M202Al rocket launcher produces a psychological effect--the brilliant splash of the bursting warhead makes it an excellent weapon to suppress RPG and Sagger missile firing sites and when fired near armored vehicles, will normally make the crew button-up. 4-6. GENERAL EMPLOYMENT. The M202Al rocket launcher may be employed like other direct fire weapons with the assault element or with a supporting element as a supporting or covering weapon. The M74 rocket is normally employed by infantry elements in the assault for the same purpose as flamethrowers; however, targets can be engaged at a greater range and with greater accuracy with this weapon than with

4-9

TC 23-2 the portable flamethrowers. Thus, the M202Al gunner is less vulnerable to enemy fire than flamethrower operators. a. The decision to use this weapon in combat is based upon its availability, the availability of ammunition, and its relative contribution toward mission accomplishment. W14 planning the attack, the company commander and leaders consider the use of the M202Al rocket launcher as part of their plan for fire support. Defensively, the weapon can be used in the coordinated plan for fires and in support of the counterattack. The M202A1 can be employed on likely avenues of approach against enemy over watch positions, to cover dead space, or to set disabled vehicles aflame. Because of its range, lethality, and psychological pa the M202Al should routinely be employed in defensive situations and given specific targets or target areas that are incorporated into the platoon's final protective fires. b. The M202AI can be employ at night using artificial illumination from the M203 grenade launcher, mortars, artillery, or field expedients. In the absence of illumination or if the available light is poor, it is difficult to distinguish the sight reticle. For this reason gunners must observe where rounds impact and shift to the target. If the gunner sees the first round impact through the sight, the burst-on -target technique can be employed using the light produced by the first round. Initial rounds can be fired at targets by using radar sightings, unattended ground sensors, directions from LP/OPs, muzzle ashes, noises, or reflections of light. Adjustment should again be accomplished using the illumination produced by the first round. Consideration should be given to disclosing friendly positions prior to firing at night. c. The M202Al rocket launcher can be employed against disabled armored vehicles, dismounted troops, crew-served or individual weapons positions, wooded areas, fortified positions, or built-up areas. The M202Al is a particularly effective counter suppression weapon when employed against enemy RPGs and machineguns. d. When contemplating employment of the M202A1, Consideration must be given to the smoke which will be produced. Firing the M202A1 close to your defensive position can start fires and the smoke can obscure your vision and aid the enemy. 4-7. FIRING FROM FIGHTING POSITIONS. a. The M202A1 may be fired from a fighting position (fig 4-8), but special attention must be given to the backblast area. A fighting

4-10

TC 23-2 position generally limits the maximum range of the M202A1 to 200 meters, as targets in excess of this range require the muzzle of the launcher to be elevated to aim and fire the weapon. Elevating the muzzle of the launcher directs the backblast into the fighting position, creating the possibility of injury to personnel in the position. Overhead cover on the fighting position will not affect the maximum engagement range as long as the rocket will clear the overhead cover and the backblast area is clear. To engage longrange targets, the gunner must sit on the back edge of the position, firing over the front berm, or he may kneel behind an adjacent berm. Special berms may be constructed. Figure 4-8. Firing from a Fighting Position.

b. The M202Al should be positioned so that its backblast will not interfere with nearby friendly positions. In no situation should friendly positions be located within the weapon's 15-meter danger

4-11

TC 23-2 zone. If possible, position the M202Al so that no friendly position is within the 25-meter area between the outside edges of the danger and caution zone. If this is not possible, insure that positions within the caution zone are covered and the soldier is protected from flying debris. c. A field expedient method of aiming and firing at preselected probable targets can be constructed for the most important probable target areas in both sectors. To construct the field expedient, six stakes (2-3 feet long) and some wire or rope are required. Figure 4-10 shows the construction. Figure 4-10. Field Expedient Aiming Method.

(1) The rear stakes are driven in first. They should be at least 6 inches into solid ground and perpendicular to the target. The cross member is lashed to the target side of the rear stakes; it should not be too high. (2) The front right stake is positioned next. Its position should be marked by an assistant as the gunner sights on his target. When the weapon is aimed at the target, this stake must be flush against the right side of the launcher and positioned between the front dust cover and the trigger mechanism. When the gunner is aiming, the rear of the weapon should be on the rear stakes. The bridge on the rear dust cover should rest on the rear cross member with the rear dust cover itself flush on the cross member. The right

4-12

TC 23-2 side of the launcher should be up against the right rear stake. (3) The left front stake and front cross member are added last. To obtain the proper elevation the front cross member must be lashed at the proper height. This height should be marked by an assistant, as in 4-7c(2) above, while the gunner is aiming. (4) The gunner may fire the launcher by placing it in the field expedient, pushing it up against the right posts, and squeezing the trigger. 4-8. FIRING FROM AN APC. The M202Al can be fired from an APC. Firing from the open cargo hatch requires close coordination with all squad members to insure the backblast area is clear. Additionally, the gunner's distance of traverse is limited as the muzzle and rear of the launcher must be outside of the open cargo hatch.EXTREME CAUTION MUST BE USED TO INSURE THAT THE SQUAD MEMBERS INSIDE THE APC ARE NOT INJURED BY THE MUZZLE OR BACKBLAST, EAR PLUGS MUST BE WORN BY ALL PERSONNEL. If the situation permits, the gunner should sit on top of the APC to fire the launcher (fig 4-11). This will provide a stable firing position while providing greater flexibility in engaging targets. Caution must be exercised to insure the backblast is clear and ear plugs should be worn. In this vehicular firing position the gunner may fire from either side of the hatch. The driver and caliber.50 machinegunner should button up when the M202Al is fired to the front. The gunner sits on the open cargo hatch. His outside leg (away from the cargo hatch opening) is bent, foot resting to the side of the cargo hatch. His inside leg is extended, foot resting on the front edge of the cargo hatch opening. Support for the launcher is gained by resting the right, or left, forearm on the outside knee. The left hand is placed under the right for additional support.

4-13

TC 23-2 Figure 4-11. Firing from an APC.

4-9. COMBAT IN CITIES. The M202Al is an extremely effective weapon for combat in cities or built up areas. Flames can be delivered on distant targets through windows, doorways, or other holes in the structures with pinpoint accuracy. The detonation of rockets within a structure will create panic and confusion among the enemy occupying the structure. The launcher can be fired from inside a room provided there are no vertical surfaces within 5 meters of the rear of the launcher and the room has another opening to prevent the creation of overpressures. The backblast area must be clear of personnel, debris, and other items and ear plugs must be worn by all personnel in the room.

4-14

APPENDIX A REFERENCES

1. Army Regulations (AR). AR 75-1

Malfunctions Involving Ammunition and Explosives.

AR 385-40 Accident Reporting and Records. AR 385-63 Regulation for Firing Ammunition for Training, Target Practice, and Combat.

2. Field Manuals (FM). FM 3-2

Tactical Employment of Riot Control Agent CS.

FM 20-33

Combat Flame Operations.

FM 21-6

How to Prepare and Conduct Military Training.

3. Technical Manuals (TM). TM 3-215

Military Chemistry and Chemical Agents.

TM 3-220

Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Decontamination.

TM 3-1055- Operator's and Organizational Maintenance Manual, Launcher, Rocket: 66-mm, 4-Tube, M202Al. 456-12 TM 9-1300- Ammunition and Explosive Standards. 206 The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS). TM 38-750 Administrative Storage of Equipment TM 740-901 Army Equipment Data Sheets: Chemical Weapons and Defense Equipment TM 950-515

A-1

TC 23-2 4. Training Circular (TC). TC 21-5-1

Training Management: An Overview

TC 21-5-2

Performance-Oriented Training

A-2

APPENDIX B TRAINING PROGRAM Section 1. GENERAL B-1. PURPOSE. This appendix provides guidance for developing, maintaining, and evaluating the soldier's proficiency with the rocket launcher, M202Al. It is recommended that the platoon leader, all noncommissioned-officer leaders in the platoon, and one soldier per squad be proficient with the M202Al. B-2. Training Objectives and Intermediate Training Objectives. a. Training Objective 1. TASK:

Perform preoperational inspection for serviceability on the rocket launcher, M202Al, and M74 incendiary rocket clip(s) and perform a function check on the rocket launcher.

CONDITION: In a field environment, given a rocket launcher, M202Al, and M74 incendiary rocket clip(s) (inert or expended rocket clips will be used for all training except actual firing) . STANDARD: Within 3 minutes after issue the soldier can determine whether or not the rocket launcher, M202Al, and M74 clip(s) are fully serviceable and functional IAW chapter 2, paragraphs 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4. All defects on the launcher and clips will be brought to the attention of the soldier's supervisor or the individual issuing the equipment. Intermediate Training Objective (ITOs) . ITO #1 TASK:

Perform preoperational inspection for serviceability on the rocket launcher, M202Al.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al. STANDARD: The soldier will inspect the launcher for (1) Damage, loose or missing parts, dents, cracks, separations, and/or loose fiberglass.

B-1

TC 23-2 (2) Check the reflecting sight for defects, i.e., dents and missing or loose parts. (3) Insure the two-position detent locks into the stowed and firing positions. (4) Sight through and check the lens for improper alinement of the reticle, obscured vision, or a broken reticle. ITO #2 TASK:

Perform a function check on the rocket launcher, M202Al.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al. STANDARD: The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence (1) Unfasten the latch on the rear dust cover and rotate the cover down. Insure the latch, hinge, and cover are serviceable. (2) Unfasten the latch on the front dust cover, rotate the front cover handle outward until it stops, and rotate the front cover down below the launcher tubes, applying sufficient pressure to release the trigger-handle from its retracted position. (3) Pull the trigger-handle assembly down and lock it into position. (4) Check the firing pin mechanism assembly and trigger safety. (5) Inspect the interior of the launch tubes for dents or cracks, unraveled, frayed or loose fiberglass, or visible signs of bums in any tube. ITO #3 TASK:

Perform preoperational inspection for serviceability on the M74 incendiary rocket clip (inert) .

CONDITION: Given an M74 clip (inert) in a styrofoam packing container. STANDARD: The soldier will inspect the container for damage (severe damage

B-2

TC 23-2 to the packing container could indicate rupture of the incendiary warhead) . Open the container, inspect rocket clip for damage, rust, and/or dirt. Inspect to insure clip latch, bail handle, and rocket clip support assembly are present. b. Training Objective 2. TASK:

Load the M74 incendiary rocket clip (inert) into the rocket launcher, M202Al, and prepare the weapon for carrying.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, and M74 incendiary rocket clip (inert) . STANDARD: The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence within 3 minutes. (1) Place the trigger safety in the SAFE position. (2) Position the launcher on the ground resting on its closed front cover with the front cover handle in the stowed position. (3) Open the rear cover by releasing the rear cover latch and rotate it down and beneath the launcher. (4) Support the launcher with the left hand on the sight and partially insert the rocket clip into the rear of the launcher tubes (bail handle down) using the rocket warheads as guides. (5) Grasp end of clip support strap nearest two black snaps and pull it outward to remove the strap and spacers from the clip. (6) After removal of support strap, depress the launcher clip lock button, fully insert the rocket clip into the launcher. (7) Manually or visually check to insure that the prongs of the clip latch are fully seated in the clip attachment slot of the firing pin mechanism assembly. (8) Close and latch the rear cover of the launcher. (9) Adjust sling and place loaded launcher on shoulder.

B-3

TC 23-2 NOTE: The gunner must also be taught to return the launcher to its carry configuration after it has been extended as in paragraph 2-13. c. Training Objective 3. TASK:

Place the rocket launcher, M202Al, into operation and engage targets.

CONDITION: Given a collapsed rocket launcher, M202Al, in the carrying configuration with a full M74 incendiary rocket clip loaded in the launcher and targets suitable for engagement (troops, bunkers, armored vehicles, etc.) with a flame weapon. STANDARD: The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence. (1) Check for exterior damage to the launcher. (2) Extend and arm the rocket launcher for firing. (3) Get into one of the six firing positions. (4) Aim the rocket launcher. (5) Fire the rocket launcher, achieving three target hits in four firings. ITO #1 TASK:

Perform preoperational inspection for serviceability on rocket launcher M202Al.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al. STANDARD: The soldier will inspect the launcher for (1) Damaged, loose or missing parts, dents, cracks, separations, and/or loose fiberglass. (2) Check the reflecting sight for defects, i.e., dents and missing or loose parts. (3) Insure the two-position detent locks into the stowed and firing positions.

B-4

TC 23-2 (4) Sight through and check the lens for improper alinement of the reticle, obscured vision, or a broken reticle. ITO #2 TASK:

Extend and arm the rocket launcher, M202Al, for firing.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, and a loaded M74 rocket clip (inert) . STANDARD: The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence (1) Open the rear cover, grasp the bail handle, and pull the rocket clip outward until it is fully extended and locked into position. A "click" will indicate the rocket clip is locked. (2) Release the bail handle, insuring it folds against the rear edge of the clip in the downward position. (3) Position the launcher on the right shoulder so that the rear cover acts as a shoulder rest in front of the right shoulder. (4) Move the right hand under the launcher for support, while using the left hand to unlatch the front cover. Rotate handle outward until it stops. (5) Rotate cover down until it locks into position. (6) Grasp trigger handle assembly immediately behind locked front cover. Extend trigger handle insuring it is fully seated in the firing position. Insure safety switch is in SAFE position. (7) Check backblast area. (8) Extend sight by moving to rear detent position. (9) Raise the protective lens cover.

B-5

TC 23-2 ITO #3 TASK:

Demonstrate each position used to fire the rocket launcher, M202Al (supported and unsupported) .

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, on a range or training area. STANDARD: The soldier will demonstrate each firing position in accordance with chapter 4. ITO #4 TASK:

Estimate ranges to targets.

CONDITION: In a field environment, given 10 silhouettes depicting targets at different ranges in daylight. STANDARD: The soldier will estimate the range of 7 of the 10 targets with an error of 10 percent or less. ITO #5 TASK:

Prepare a range card for the rocket launcher, M202Al.

CONDITION: In the field, during daylight, in an infantry fighting position, given a pencil, paper, compass, sectors of fire, and probable target areas. STANDARD: Must be prepared in accordance with chapter 4. ITO #6 TASK:

Construct a field expedient aiming and firing device.

CONDITION: In the field, during daylight, in an infantry fighting position, given six stakes, wire or rope, entrenching tool, an assistant, and a target at 200 meters. STANDARD: The construction must be in accordance with chapter 4 and the sight must be alined on the target.

B-6

TC 23-2 ITO #7 TASK:

Fire the rocket launcher, M202A1.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, with M74 incendiary rocket clip, on a range, using the table on pageB-11 STANDARD: The soldier must achieve two target hits with the four rounds fired. d. Training Objective 4. TASK:

Take the rocket launcher, M202Al, out of operation.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, with loaded M74 rocket clip (inert) ,on a range or training area. STANDARD: The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence (1) Position trigger safety switch on SAFE. (2) Place the launcher on the ground, resting on the front and rear dust covers. Insure the rear dust cover folds down against the rocket clip for stabilization. (3) Remove the clip latch from the clip manifold. (4) Depress the clip lock button, grasp one of the top two rocket tubes, and remove the rocket clip by pulling rearward. (5) Reinsert the firing pin housing into the launcher by rotating the firing pin housing slightly so it will slide into the launcher. Close and lock the dust cover. (6) Depress the sight lock and rotate it into the stowed position. (7) Depress the trigger handle release button and push the trigger handle forward releasing the front dust cover from the locked position. Close and lock the front dust cover.

B-7

TC 23-2 e. Training Objective 5. TASK:

Perform combat misfire procedures on the rocket launcher, M202Al.

CONDITION: Given a rocket launcher, M202Al, with loaded M74 rocket clip (inert) , which has a simulated misfire, in a training area. STANDARD: The soldier will perform the following actions in sequence (1) Squeeze the trigger four times after the last misfired rocket. If this clears the weapon, remove the empty clip and inspect the launcher before firing again. (2) If it does not clear the weapon, place the trigger safety in SAFE position and, keeping the weapon pointed down range, lower it from the shoulder and place it on a firm surface, resting it on the front and rear dust covers. (3) Grasp the side of one clip tube and remove the clip latch to separate the firing pin mechanism from the clip. (4) If separation does not occur, carefully insert a knife blade between the firing pin mechanism and clip manifold and apply pressure to obtain at least a 1-inch separation. (5) Grasp the side of one clip tube and remove the rocket clip. (6) Place the rocket clip on the ground 50 meters away (distance may be stated) . (7) Inspect the rocket launcher.

B-8

TC 23-2 f. Training Objective 6. TASK:

Demonstrate aiming with the launcher.

CONDITION: Given a drawing of the M202Al sight reticle (8" x 10") and a target square (1/2" x 1/2") . STANDARD: The soldier must place the target square on the sight reticle drawing to properlydepict 8 of 9 target pictures at ranges between 100 and 600 meters. Four of the target pictures will depict moving targets. B-3. GENERAL TRAINING NOTES. Training is divided into three periods. Period one is designed to train the soldier on the characteristics, nomenclature, and capabilities of the weapon system; preoperational checks on the weapon and rocket clip; loading the launcher; placing the weapon into operation; estimating range to targets; firing positions; taking the weapon out of operation, misfire procedures, and safety procedures. Period two consists of a proficiency examination in which the soldier is evaluated in preparing the rocket launcher for firing; performing misfire procedures, aiming, and demonstrating steady hold and selected firing positions. Period three will be instructional firing. b. Time is allocated for evaluation after training. The performance evaluations are based on the standards set for training and will determine if the standards have been met. Section II of this appendix provides a proficiency examination. c. Training program: (1) Period One (3 hours) (a) Introduction to the rocket launcher, M202Al, to include characteristics, nomenclature, capabilities, functioning, and 10 minutes preventive maintenance ............... (b) Preparatory marksmanship program ..............

10minutes

(c) Preoperational inspection, function checks, loading the launcher, and placing the weapon into operation to include a demonstration and practical exercise..........

15 minutes

(d) Firing positions, to include a discussion, demonstration, 20 minutes B-9

TC 23-2 and practical exercise................................................................. (e) Range and speed estimation to include a practical exercise........................................

20 minutes

(f) Aiming and trigger squeeze, to include a demonstration and practical exercise..............

10 minutes

(g) Taking the weapon out of operation to include a demonstration and practical exercise...................

20 minutes

(h) Misfire procedures, to include a demonstration and practical exercise...........................................

20 minutes

(i) Range and safety procedures......................... TOTAL.......................................................................................... (2) Period Two (2 hours) (a) Orientation, instructions, breakdown, and maneuver to test stations ................... (b) Testing (three stations)......................... (c) Movement time between stations............ (d) Critique..............................................

25 minutes 150 minutes

5 minutes 75 minutes 10 minutes 10minutes

TOTAL......................................................................... 100 minutes (3) Period Three (2 hours) . Instructional firing .............................................. 100 minutes TOTAL...................................................................... 100 minutes (4) Summary of Total Hours. (a) Period One 3 hours (b) Period Two 2 hours (c) Period Three 2 hours (d) TOTAL 7 hours d. The training program is based on performance-oriented training. Time devoted to conference, explanation, and demonstration has been minimized. The soldier will learn by doing rather than by listening and watching. Emphasis should be on the small group, hands-on-method of achieving the training objectives. Soldiers

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TC 23-2 should practice the actions in the training objectives until they become proficient. When the soldier appears proficient, he should be tested by a noncommissioned officer on a pass/fail or GOINO GO basis. The evaluation tests in the proficiency examination in section II of this appendix may be used for this purpose. If the soldier fails an evaluation test, he should continue to practice and be retested. Those soldiers who have passed the evaluation tests may be used to assist in the training/evaluation of the soldiers experiencing difficulty. The recommended soldier/instructor ratio is 4:1. e. The training program, as written, is compressed to minimum time. When scheduled, consideration must be given to poor weather, training equipment availability, and soldier/instructor ratio greater than 4:1. Any of these conditions will dictate additional time. Recommend normal scheduling of 7 hours. f. The training program should be conducted quarterly with instructional firing accomplished annually. This is necessary since the rocket launcher, M202Al, is issued under the arms room concept and is not assigned a dedicated gunner. As a minimum, it is recommended that the platoon leader, all noncommissionedofficer leaders in the platoon, and one soldier per squad be proficient with the M202Al. g. Training aids and equipment. The actual rocket launcher, M202Al, is considered to be the best training aid available for conducting training on this weapon. Whenever possible, the launcher should be used. Additionally, other training aids may be constructed using the photographs and diagrams contained within this training circular. These training aids should not limit the instructor's imagination nor replace any other training aids which may be available or listed in training aids catalogs. Wherever possible, local Training Aids Service Offices (TASOS) should be utilized to obtain desired training aids and devices. These TASOs will loan or fabricate the required aids and devices. The following aids and equipment are recommended. (1) Rocket launcher, M202Al-one per two soldiers. (2) Chart depicting sight reticle--one each. (3) Plastic reflecting sight meter reticle-one per soldier. (4) Silhouette sheet depicting targets-one per soldier.

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TC 23-2 (5) Rocket clip (inert) --one per two soldiers. (6) Salvage vehicles, fabricated bunkers, and/or dirt-filled 55gallon drums (to be used as targets) . (7) Blackboard-one each. (8) Public address system-one each. h. Training facilities and personnel. (1) Facilities. Range which is suitable for firing the rocket launcher, M202Al. Range should also be capable of supporting practical exercises and concurrent training stations. Figure B-1 shows a schematic diagram and dimensions of M202Al range. Figure B-1. Range Layout (one lane).

(2) Personnel. One instructor per four soldiers. Should more than four soldiers be taught by an instructor, the time to conduct the training program will be increased. A trained safety officer/noncommissioned officer must be present during all firing. i. Ammunition. Four 66-mm M74 rockets per soldier. One 66-mm M74 rocket clip for use in the introduction portion of the program to give the soldiers a demonstration of the capability and potential of the rocket launcher. j. For additional information on how to conduct a training program, see FM 21-6, How to Prepare and Conduct Military Training. FM 21-6 provides detailed guidance on the preparation of lesson plans.

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TC 23-2 NOTES: 1. Range should be constructed on a generally flat, open piece of terrain out to the maximum range of the weapon with at least 10 meters between firing points. 2. Targets can be salvage vehicles, fabricated bunkers, and/or dirt-filled 55-gallon drums. 3. If available, an M72A2 LAW range may be used to accommodate the firing of the M202Al by increasing the width of the danger and caution zones. The backblast area is 40 meters long and 38 meters at the base.

B-4. ROCKET LAUNCHER. M202Al FIRING TABLE Range (Meters)

Number of Rockets Target

Firing Position

100 400

*2 *2

Prone or Foxhole Kneeling or Standing

55-Gal Drum 1 0 E-Type Silhouettes

*If a first round hit is not obtained use burst-on-burst for the second shot. Ifa first round hit is obtained fire the remaining rocket(s) at: 200:

1 or 2

55-Gal Drum

Kneeling or Standing

NOTES: 1. Although specific targets are cited in the table, the local availability of targets is a consideration. Therefore, any meaningful and realistic target may be constructed or used. Targets should be placed at the ranges specified. 2. At present there is no subcaliber device for the M202Al. A program to develop a subcaliber device is underway, but due to the limitations of the device, the date of fielding a subcaliber device is unknown. Until a subcaliber device is fielded, each soldier should fire four 66-mm M74 rockets as shown in the firing table.

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TC 23-2

Section II. PROFICIENCY (PERFORMANCE) EXAMINATION B-5. PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION 1--PLACING THE ROCKET LAUNCHER, M202Al . INTO OPERATION, a. Test Task. (Instructor will read to the soldier.) "At this station you are required to perform a preoperational inspection and function check, load the launcher, and place the rocket launcher into operation. All tasks must be performed in the proper sequence for you to successfully pass this station. You have 5 minutes to accomplish the tasks." b. Test Conditions. The soldier should be tested in a clear area where the instructor can observe his actions. The launcher and one rocket clip (inert) will be placed side-by-side on the ground. c. Test Standards. (1) Inspect the launcher and sight for deficiencies, i.e., damage, loose or missing parts, dents, cracks, etc. (2) Perform a function check on the launcher. (3) Inspect the rocket clip (inert) for damage, rust, and/or dirt. Insure clip latch, bail handle, and rocket clip support assembly are present. (4) Place trigger safety in the SAFE position. (5) Position launcher on the ground, resting on its closed front cover and front cover handle in the stowed position. (6) Open the rear dust cover. (7) Partially insert the rocket clip into the launcher and remove the support strap. (8) Depress the launcher clip lock button and fully insert the rocket clip. (9) Grasp the bail handle and pull the rocket clip out until locked into position. (10) Release the bail handle. B-14

TC 23-2 (11) Place launcher on shoulder, unlatch the front cover, and lock it into position. (12) Extend trigger handle insuring it is fully seated in the firing position. (13) Check backblast area. (14) Extend sight to rear detent position and raise protective lens cover.

B-6. PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION 2--PERFORM MISFIRE PROCEDURES ON THE ROCKET LAUNCHER, M202Al, a. Test Task. (Instructor will read to the soldier.) "At this station you are required to perform combat misfire procedures on the rocket launcher. All tasks must be performed in the proper sequence for you to successfully pass this station. You have 5 minutes to perform the misfire procedures. b. Test Conditions. The soldier should be tested in a clear area where the instructor can observe his actions. An inert rocket clip will be in the weapon and the weapon will be on the soldier's shoulder. The instructor will tell the soldier he has experienced a misfire. c. Test Standards. (1) Squeeze trigger four times. (2) Place trigger safety in the SAFE position. (3) Keeping the weapon pointed downrange, lower it from the shoulder, place it on the ground (resting on front and rear covers) . (4) Remove the clip latch from the clip manifold. (5) Remove the rocket clip from the launcher by grasping one of the clip tubes. (6) Placethe rocket clip on the ground away from the launcher.

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TC 23-2 (7) Inspect the launcher. B-7, PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION 3--DEMONSTRATE AIMING,, A SELECTED FIRING POSITION, AND RETURNING THE ROCKET LAUNCHER,, M202Al s, TO ITS CARRYING CONFIGURATION. a. Test Task. (Instructor will read to the soldier.) "At this station you will be tested on the following: (1) "Aiming. (2) "One firing position. You must explain and demonstrate a position of your choice both supported and unsupported. (3) "Returning the launcher to its carrying configuration. You will have 5 minutes to complete these tasks." b. Test Conditions. The soldier should be tested in a clear area where the instructor can observe his actions. The soldier will be provided a rocket launcher to be used in demonstrating the firing positions. c.Test Standards. (1) Position. Demonstrate the position in accordance with chapter 4. (2) Aiming. (a) Place the target square (1/2"xl/2") on the sight reticle drawing (8" x $O") to properly depict the sight picture for a stationary target at a range of 100 meters. (b) Place the target square on the sight reticle drawing to properly depict the sight picture for a target moving at 15 kph at a range of 400 meters. (3) Return the launcher to its loaded carrying configuration as described in chapter 2, paragraph 213.

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PIN: 034384-000