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INTERCHANGE 2 – UNIT 11 – VIDEO WARM-UP What are some historic sites in your home country? What do you know about them? Have you visited them often? Have you ever taken a tourist to your country to visit them? Which sites would you recommend to tourists and why? What is your favorite site in NYC? Why? Which site haven’t you visited yet but you would like to in the future?

VOCABULARY 1. For as long as I can remember…. 2. Ancient 3. Trail 4. Glimpse 5. Grueling 6. Donate 7. Empty 8. Literally 9. Access point 10. Weary 11. Amenities 12. Hostel 13. Rent out 14. Book a room 15. Technique 16. Craftsman 17. Insure 18. Rise 19. Make one’s way 20. Ruins 21. Hordes 22. Basically 23. Steep 24. Winding 25. Peak 26. Was constructed 27. Was abandoned 28. Was rediscovered 29. Clear away 30. Forest growth

31. Come across 32. Overgrowth 33. Shrubs 34. Human remains 35. Rope 36. Be comprised of 37. Block 38. Bronze 39. To smooth something 40. Mortar 41. Knife blade 42. emperor 43. Force 44. Theory 45. Purpose 46. Elite 47. Estate 48. Value 49. Surroundings 50. Tower 51. Trek 52. Dotted with 53. Terrace

GUESS THE STORY Watch the first minute of the story. What is the video about? Who is in the video? Where does the video take place?

DETAILS True False They started their tour in Santiago.

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They took a bus to Machu Pichu.

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They arrived before dinner.

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They found sunglasses.

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Usually, there aren’t a lot of tourists at Machu Pichu.

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They are going to hike up early in the morning.

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You don’t have to book a hotel ahead of time.

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The town, Agua Calientes, is new.

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You can buy lots of fruit and vegetables.

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It’s best to get to the ruins early.

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You can take a train to the top.

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Machu Pichu was built in the 1200s.

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Machu Pichu was built by the Spanish.

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Hiram Bingham rediscovered Machu Pichu in the early 1900s.

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The Inca left records about how Machu Pichu was built.

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The Inca used nails to build.

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Huayna Pichu has an elevator to the top.

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The brothers want to visit again.

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WHAT DO YOU THINK? Do you think ancient ruins should be protected? Why or why not? If your city needed more housing, would it be ok to build houses on top of ancient ruins? Why or why not? What kind of tourist attractions do you like to visit? Museums, zoos, ancient ruins? Why? Machu Pichu is one of the world’s most famous places to visit? Would you like to go there? Why or why not? Here are a few of the most famous places in the world. If you could visit only one, which one would you choose and why?

Great Wall of China

Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt

Colosseum in Rome, Italy Taj Mahal, India

Golden Gate Bridge, San Fransisco, USA

WHAT DID THEY SAY For as long as I can remember, my brother and I ________ __________ ____________ together, through good times, bad times and even the very weird times.

Derek and I ______ our Peru adventure in Cuzco. From there we _______the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. Finally ____________ just before dinner, we ________ our first glimpse of the ancient site.

To see it this empty right now is really rare. By mid-morning tomorrow, it _____ _____ _________ with literally thousands of people. We ______ _______ _____ ___________ back up in the morning and see if we can get the sunrise and see what Machu Picchu is like first thing in the morning.

The closest access point to Machu Picchu is a town called Aguas Calientes which is 6 kilometers away from the ancient city. Here, travel-weary tourists _____ ____________ all the amenities of home: hotels, hostels, restaurants, even internet cafes. However, it should be noted that large tourist buses come into town and rent out entire hotels. So, we ________ ____________ ___________ a room a few weeks ahead or arriving in town on the earliest train to make sure you have a place to stay the night.

Although Aguas Calientes is a relatively new town, ancient techniques ________ _________ _________ by local craftsmen in the town’s ongoing construction. There is also a great open market in town where local fruits and vegetables are available to ensure you won’t run out of energy exploring Machu Picchu.

Rising early the next morning, Derek and I ______ _______ _________ back up the trail to the ancient city. These ruins _____ ____________ by approximately 2500 people every day. We ___________ __________ ____________ there early to see as much as we could before the hordes of visitors arrived. There are basically two ways to get to Machu Picchu from Aguas Calientes. You can take one of the many buses that leave from the center of town or you can take a steep, winding trail all the way to the top.

Machu Picchu, which means “old peak” ____________ ______________ around 1450. However, as the empire collapsed under the Spanish it ___________ ______________ roughly 100 years later. Machu Picchu __________ ______________ by the outside world. In 1907 the site ________ ________________ by explorer and historian Hiram Bingham with the help of some local residents. He ______________ the huge job of clearing away hundreds of years of forest growth from the city.

When Hiram Bingham _________ _____________ this site, the overgrowth was unimaginable. Trees, rocks, shrubs ______________ the entire area, but lucky for him, it looks like the Incans invented the riding lawn mower.

The construction of Machu Picchu is still a mystery. Human remains _________ ___________ on the bottom of the mountain but nobody knows how many people died building the city. And nobody knows if some kind of rope _________- __________ to climb up and down. But we do know that the Inca were master builders. Machu Picchu _______ ____________ _______ approximately 200 buildings. Most of them ___________ ______________ out of blocks of stone. The blocks _______ ____________ with bronze or stone tools and they were smoothed with sand. The blocks fit together perfectly without mortar. Even a knife blade can’t be forced between the stones.

Towering 1200 feet above Machu Picchu lies Huayna Picchu which means “young peak” in Quechua, the native Inca language. Derek and I decided to climb Huayna Picchu for a different view of the ancient city. If you decide to make this trek, you won’t be disappointed. The peak is dotted with temples and terraces that look down on Machu Picchu.

With heavy hearts, we finally left Machu Picchu and took the train back to Cuzco. As our trip came to an end, Derek and I agreed that Peru is an amazing country and we are sure to be back soon.