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• Esra Taha

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0417

ICT

2016

Chapter 1 Types of Component of a Computer System 1.1 Application system These are programs that allows the user to do specific tasks. 1. Word processor: Used to manipulate text documents. Texts can be entered using keyboard. The software allows edit, copy, delete, change formatting saving, spell check, import image and translate to other languages. 2. Spreadsheet: Used to manipulate numerical data. The data (integer, real, data etc.) are arranged in grid of cells. The cells (rows and columns) have a unique number to identify. The software allows calculation using formulas. It can produce graphs, modeling and can solve ‘what if’ calculations also. 3. Database: Used to organize, manipulate and analyze data. It consists of one or more tables. A table is made up of row (record) and column (field). It is used to make queries reports on database data. 4. Control and measuring software: Used to control and measure physical qualities such as temperature, light, heat. It is also used in chemical processes. The sensors sense the physical quantity and sends to a Microsoft which prepares and compares accordingly. 5. Apps (applications): These are small software downloaded normally from an app store. They are used on mobiles and tablets. GPS, phone banking, photo editing apps are some apps. 6. Photo editing software: It allows users to manipulate digital photographs on a PC. One can change brightness and contrast, red eye removal, change features of a face, combine images, add effects, remove unwanted items, change background and more. 7. Video editing software: It allows manipulating videos, adding tittles, adding sound, rearranging, adding and deleting section of video or audio. Apply color, filter, transitions, enhance videos. 8. Graphics manipulation software: It manipulates different types of images. Pixels can be changed to change an image. Vector graphic editor software manipulates lines, curves and text to edit the image. Different types of software are available according to requirement.

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE: These are programs that allow hardware to run properly and allow user interface. 1] Compiler: It is a computer program that translates a program written in software like visual Basic, Java, C++ to a machine language which is understood by computer. The original program is called a source code and after compilation as an object code. After compilation the machine code can be used again and again without recompilation 2] Linkers: It is a computer program that simplifies the programming task by combining different modules of programs into one single program. It uses programs that have been compiled by compiler. 3] Device driver: It is software which enables a hardware device to work with the O.S without a device driver a device (printer) would be unable to work. 4] Utilities: Utility programs are designed to carry out specific tasks. They also help to manage, maintain and control computer resources. Examples are: antivirus, anti-spyware, security, disk defragmenter.

INTERNAL COMPUTER HARDWARE: 1] Video card: It is an interface between a computer and monitor, projector or TV. It is connected to motherboard. It has a processing unit, RAM, heat sink (for cooling)

2] Sound card: It is an IC (Integrated Circuit) on motherboard. It allows PC to produce sounds which can be heard by speakers. It also allows to input sound via a microphone and record. It converts the digital data to analogue data and vice versa. 1.4.3 Tablets Tablets are similar to smart phones. They are internet enabled portable computers. The input is normally a touchscreen using a keyboard or stylus. It can support Wi-Fi with 3G\4G\5G connections. They also have different sensors like smartphones;

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Features: 1] High-definition, anti-glare displays 2] Front and back cameras. 3] Less weight 4] Long battery life than laptops 5] Sensors like: proximity, accelerometer. Some latest tablets designed between a tablet and smartphone are referred to as a phablet. Advantages 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Very fast to switch ON Fully portable Touchscreen enabled Don’t generate any heat Battery life is longer

Disadvantages 1. 2. 3. 4.

Limited memory or storage than laptop Expensive to run internet 3G/4G/5G Typing on touchscreen can be slow Limited file format supported

1.4.4 Smartphones: Smartphones allow normal phone calls. It also has an O.S. like iOS, Android or Windows. This allows to run computer applications. One can send and receive emails. It can support Wi-Fi with 3GL4GL5G mobile connections. Features: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Send/receive emails GPS VOIP Streaming of Videos/Audios Instant messaging

Advantages 1. Very small in size and light weight 2. Can call or browse net while on the move 3. Reasonable battery life than laptops

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ICT

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Disadvantages 1. Small screen size can make it difficult to read 2. Small keyboard can make typing difficult 3. Memory is small compared to laptops

1.4.5 Smart watches It’s like a mini-computer on the wrists. They offer same functions as smartphones. They use touchscreen and can link to smartphones via Bluetooth. Functions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Internet ( browsing, email etc) Call and receive phone calls Message text or video GPS Fitness and health monitoring

Advantages 1. Convenient than smart phones, notifications delivered directly to user’s wrist 2. Easy to monitor health Disadvantages 1. Large and bulky 2. Unattractive in design

1.5 Impact of emerging technologies 1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) biometrics 2. Vision enhancement 3. Robotics 4. Quantum cryptography 5. Computer-assisted translation (CAT) 6. 3D and holographic imaging 7. Virtual reality 1.5.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) biometrics AI biometric is an advantaged technology in which the system learns and stores on a database about a person’s fingerprints on everyscan. This means a person doesn’t have to worry in placing the finger in exactly place on the scanner. The system matches the fingerprints with the database. Similar case with facial-recognition if a person has grown hair or now wears glasses or has aged. New systems use AI and picks up the right face from number of faces

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1.5.2 Vision enhancement LVES of low vision enhancement system uses video technology. The system brings s the objects closer inside the headset in front of the eyes. NVE or Nights vision Enchantment uses infrared light and vision light so one can even see in darkness. The military use this technology to carry out su4rveillance at night. 1.5.3 Roberts Roberts are normally used in manufacturing industry. Apart from this they are used outside as drones. Drones are unmanned flying devices that are used by both military and civilians. Civilians use with GPS to check weather hurricans etc. Roberts are also used I surgery, Roberts equipped with camera arm that like a human wrists 1.5.4 Quantum Cryptography It is similar to encryption, to secure a message from hackers. Quantum cryptography is based on the use of photons (light) and their physical quantum properties to produce a virtually unbreakable cryptography system. 1.5.5 Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) Normal translation software can sometime lead to double meanings of words and phrases CAT can overcome this in some issues. It does this by two tools 1) Terminology data base 2) Translation memories This first grows and learns from translations being carried out and second automatically inserts known translations for certain words, phrases or sentences. 1.5.6 3-D and Holographic Imaging Holography is a technology that allows 3D images to be produced. It uses a laser light, interference of light, light diffraction and light intensity recording technology used in CAD simulations, architecture, cinema, gaming etc. 1.5.7 Virtual reality Virtual reality is an artificial environment created by software. The user uses data goggles, sensor suites or helmets to get a feeling of reality. It can be used to give training in a nuclear reactor in education games etc. Used in 1) Military 2) Education 3) Entertainment 4) Fashion 5) sport

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