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• Katerine Calderon Rojas

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You will learn how to: • Talk about past events. GUIDE NUMBER 1 MY LIFE PRESENT PERFECT How to form the Present Perfect Perfect Positive • Present Present Perfect Positive SUBJECT

HAVE / HAS

PAST PARTICIPLE

I / you / we / they

have

written

he / she / it

has

written

Note: In spoken English, it’s common to use the contraction: • • • •

I’ve written three books. We’ve already seen that movie Barbara’s forgotten her cell phone. He’s just woken up.

In this case, he’s, she’s, Barbara’s, etc. mean he has, she has, and Barbara has, not he is, she is, or Barbara is.

Perfect Negative •Present Present Perfect Negative SUBJECT

HAVEN’T / HASN’T

PAST PARTICIPLE

I / you / we / they

haven’t

seen

he / she / it

hasn’t

seen

Examples: • •

I haven’t seen John this week. Mary hasn’t come to class for the past two days.

•Present Present Perfect Questions Perfect Questions HAVE / HAS

SUBJECT

PAST PARTICIPLE

Have

I / you / we / they

finished?

Has

he / she / it

finished?

Examples: • •

Have you finished the project yet? Has George ever been to New York?

How to answer present perfect questions: •

Have you been to London? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

•

Has Alex met Miriam yet? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.

•

Have the results of the election been announced? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.

What is is thethe past participle? What past participle The past participle is a form of the verb that describes a completed action or state. For regular verbs, the past participle is the same as the simple past: • •

I worked (simple past) all day yesterday. I’ve worked (past participle) here since August.

This is also the case for many irregular verbs: • •

He sold (simple past) his car last week. He’s sold (past participle) 200 books so far.

However, some irregular verbs’ past participles are different from their simple past form: • •

We wrote (simple past) an article for the newspaper. We’ve written (past participle) for many famous publications.

Many of these irregular past participles end in –n: Infinitive be break choose do drive eat fall fly forget give go

Simple Past was / were broke chose did drove ate fell flew forgot gave went

Past Participle been broken chosen done driven eaten fallen flown forgotten given gone

know see show speak steal take wear write

knew saw showed spoke stole took wore wrote

known seen shown spoken stolen taken worn written

Other irregular past participles have a change in the vowel: Infinitive become begin come drink ring run sing swim

Simple Past became began came drank rang ran sang swam

Past Participle become begun come drunk rung run sung swum

1. Fill in the blanks to form the present perfect. •

You have bought a new computer.

•

I _________ learned a lot about computers.

•

We _________ read the story about Google.

•

Larry _________ known Sergey since they were at Stanford University.

•

They_________ (not) known each other since they were children.

•

It _________ been easy for me to learn about computers.

•

You _________ used the Internet many times.

•

Larry and Sergey _________ (not) finished their degrees.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct past participle. •

I have _____________ (do) many things in my life.

•

I’ve _____________ (travel) to many countries and I’ve _____________ (see) many beautiful places.

•

I’ve _____________ (meet) lots of interesting people all over the world.

•

I have _____________ (visit) cities in all 5 continents.

•

I’ve _____________ (sail) round the world and I’ve _____________ (climb) some of the highest mountains.

•

I have even 4 _____________ (participate) in a north pole expedition.

•

I have _____________ (eat) fried ants in Africa.

•

I have _____________ (have) some difficult moments but I have _____________ (forget) all of them.

3. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. not buy meet

not do not eat not phone

forget not see

go take

invite

•

No, I ________________ my sister. I’ll text her later.

•

She ________________ a lot of people to her wedding.

•

We ________________ a lot of photographs during our holidays.

•

A: Where’s Mike? B: I don’t know, I _____________ him today.

•

Mum, Alex ________________ his bed!!

•

It’s Megan’s birthday tomorrow but I ________________ her present.

•

A: Where’s Ann? B: She ________________ to bed.

•

I think we ________________ before but I ________________ your name.

•

I’m starving! I ________________ anything since yesterday.

4. Complete the question and answer “yes” •

you / phone / the doctor?

•

she / finish / her meal?

and “no”

Have you phoned the doctor? Yes, I have.

_________________________________________________________________ •

they / buy / a new car? _________________________________________________________________

•

Harry / tell / you / the news? _________________________________________________________________

•

John / go / on holiday? _________________________________________________________________

•

Megan / open / her presents? _________________________________________________________________