Grammar_ Gerunds and Infinitives_ Review and Expansion.
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(SUMMIT 1 - UNIT 1) GRAMMAR: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES: REVIEW AND EXPANSION. REMEMBER: Gerunds and infinitives can function as subjects, or subject complements in statements. GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS IN THE STATEMENT: •
Helping others is important.
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Playing a musical instrument makes you smarter.
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Working hard for something you want is important.
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Sharing tasks with co-workers is helpful.
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Enjoying the simple things makes life smoother.
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Sharing tasks with others is helpful.
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Relieving stress with music is often the best way to relax.
INFINITIVES AS SUBJECTS IN THE STATEMENT: •
My objective is to pass the quiz and start the new level.
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My problem was to ask the teacher for help.
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Our dream is to make a trip to Africa next year.
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My goal is to travel all around the world and make new friends.
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Their plan is to buy the house and then, the car.
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The main idea is to beat them in sales so we get the promotion.
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Studying...
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Traveling...
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My most important goal is...
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My dream is...
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Our plans for the next holidays are...
Some verbs can only be followed by gerunds as the object of the verb. Some verbs can only be followed by infinitives. Others are followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS: •
We considered going to the picnic.
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He gave up explaining me the homework.
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Michael enjoys being by himself.
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She can’t tolerate listening to lies.
VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES: •
They have decided to invite their teacher to the play.
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Our boss threatened to close the department.
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His mother intends to buy him a gift for his birthday.
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Susan yearns to live abroad.
VERBS FOLLOWED BY BOTH (WITH NO CHANGE IN MEANING): •
She prefers going to the early show. OR She prefers to go to the early show.
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I began to write my essay. OR I began writing my essay.
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They love to be here. OR They love being here.
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I like to study English. OR I like studying English.
VERBS FOLLOWED BY BOTH (WITH CHANGE IN MEANING): •
I remembered to call my mother. OR I remembered visiting my grandmother.
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I stopped to buy groceries at the store. OR I stopped smoking three years ago.
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I don't mind...
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I remember...
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I can't wait...
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I dislike...
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I expect...
ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE: •
We’re ready to go.
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I was happy to see you.
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She's afraid to do that.
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She’s happy to be here.
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They are sorry to tell me the truth.
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We are ready to go home.
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I’m willing to accept that.
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She was shocked to hear the news.
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I’m glad to see you.
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I am sad...
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I'm always afraid...
GERUNDS FOLLOWED BY PREPOSITIONS: •
Mina succeeded in passing all her tests.
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I look forward to meeting my brother at the airport.
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The attorney objected to accepting the sentence for his client.
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I am worried about waiting for the results.
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My students apologized for being late.
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She’s tired of hearing the same old story.
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My son dreams about/of studying dentistry.
NOT I am happy about to drive across the United States. •
I always think of...
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I am tired of...
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I still believe in...
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My best friend always makes excuses for...
OTHER USES OF INFINITIVES: To state a fact or an opinion with the impersonal it + an infinitive. IMPERSONAL IT- EXPRESSION + FACT OR OPINION (INFINITIVE)
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It’s a good day to meet the new boss.
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It's important to eat breakfast.
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It's necessary to finish the project on time.
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It’s important to speak with the manager about this situation.
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It’s a good day to go out.
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It’s imperative to get there as soon as possible.
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It’s necessary to arrive before they do.
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It's necessary...
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It's essential...
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It's a bad day...
To state the purpose of an action. THE ACTION + THE PURPOSE (INFINITIVE)
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We used an insect repellent to avoid mosquito bites.
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They moved to a new house to avoid more problems.
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She lied about the exam's results to go to the county fair.
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We told her how we felt to let her understand our predicament.
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I opened the computer’s case to check the hard drive.
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I didn’t call her to give her time to think.
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We used the repellent to scare off these wasps.
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I threw my laptop to the trash can...
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I didn't tell him/her anything all day...
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I opened the fridge's door...
Adjectives with too or enough. TOO + ADJECTIVE + INFINTIVE ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + INFINITIVE •
They were too late to make the plane to Boston.
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My friends were early enough to catch the bus.
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She was too young to ride on the rollercoaster.
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She was smart enough to pass this difficult quiz.
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Martin is too rude to say something nice.
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Martin is naive enough to believe what he hears.
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My brother/sister is too young...
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My parents were strict enough...