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• Drg Arya Wicaksono

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Gerunds and infinitives Task 1. Fill in gerunds into the blanks My friend is really bad at ________ (draw). Antony enjoys _______ (watch) cartoons. Rachel is used to _______ (drink) kefir daily.

Theory Box Look through the theory notes to understand the topic Gerunds – so we call the verbs with –ing endings that we can use as nouns. We may use the gerund as the subject of the sentence Ex.: Growing tomatoes always gave him a good profit. Running won’t help you if you don’t do it regularly.

We may use the gerund as the object of the sentence

Do you mind my _______ (open) the door?

Ex.: Nobody likes waiting for too long.

I feel like _______ (have) a cold shower.

My brother never enjoyed fishing on Saturdays.

We may use the gerund after prepositions Ex.: The success depends on learning hard.

Task 2. Combine sentences dislikes/ meeting/ at work/ Brenda/ strangers __________________________________________ like/ music/ do/ listening to/ you/ classic? __________________________________________ to the Moon/ you/ can/ going/ imagine/ for a

I’m very interested in receiving that award.

The gerund is used after the verb go when we talk about sport activities. Ex.: Would you like to go jogging with me tonight? Let’s go skiing next weekend.

The gerund can also be used after some verbs and phrases (translate those that you don’t know) Admit

Don’t mind

Keep

Be used to

Enjoy

Like

Deny

Feel like

Love

Can’t help

Finish

Miss

Can’t stand

Hate

Practise

picnic? __________________________________________ I/ couldn’t/ laughing/ him/ help/ saw/ when/ I __________________________________________ admitted/ yesterday/ Pitt/ eating/ all/ the cookies __________________________________________ can’t/ Martin/ at night/ shopping/ stand __________________________________________ girl/ keep/ why/ looking at/ this/ me/ does? __________________________________________ spends/ drawing/ Bob/ a lot of/ time/ his book/ for __________________________________________ who/ dishes/ in/ hates/ washing/ your family?

Task 3. Use gerunds of the verbs below say quarrel help

play pay lose

sell save bathe

forget enter repeat

__________________________________________

My brother succeeded in _______ of his old car.

feels/ Daniel/ a rest/ today/ having/ like

Eric doesn’t remember _______ for our dinner.

__________________________________________

Is he looking forward _______ that university course?

Stella/ walking/ early/ got/ her dog/ used to

Both of us don’t practise _______ the piano any longer.

__________________________________________

Why do you keep _______ you are guilty every time?

will/ to do/ you/ what/ telling/ stop/ him?

My mother doesn’t mind _______ us with this task.

__________________________________________

I know we will miss _______ in the Cretan Sea.

someone/ enjoys/ who/ need/ singing/ we

I’ve decided to finish ________ with my relatives.

__________________________________________

She enjoys ________ thoughts that she considers bright.

is bad at/ at home/ fixing/ Bernard/ anything

Don’t you feel like _______ your time with my help?

__________________________________________

Mary can’t stand _______ in any game or sport. Michael denied ________ about Sam’s birthday.

Task 4. Exclude one letter Every sentence has only one letter which is wrong.

He is too young too ride such a motorbike. We can’t afford to buy a new TVi-set. Ours parents decided to make us a surprise. It was wonderfull to feel powerful again. I’m old enoughe to take my own decisions. We would like to have two cups of cooffee.

Task 5. Gerund or infinitive? Lucy loves going/to goout with Tim.

Theory Box Look through the theory notes to understand the topic The infinitive We can use the infinitive with to after certain verbs Agree

Hope

Persuade

Allow

Invite

Plan

Arrange

Learn

Promise

Ask

Manage

Refuse

Can’t afford

Need

Want

Decide

Offer

Would like

Can you concentrate on doing/to doyour personal task, please? We will be sorry letting/to letyou pass.

Ex.: We’ve decided to paint the garage twice.

My dog isn’t used to traveling/travelfor

We can also use the infinitive with to after adjectives

distances that are so long. Don’t they want listening/to listento our new album of songs? My friends persuaded me checking/to checktheir homework. Paul didn’t feel like singing/to singyesterday evening at the karaoke bar. Neilson dislikes spending/to spendtime at his grandparents’ dacha.

Task 6. Use the correct verbs try enjoy too

kept like regret

surprised happy miss stand afford continued

Do you _______collecting stamps? The audience ________to ask questions. Why did you ______talking to her at all? Who was ________to know about my early wedding in autumn? We ________going out together with our friends from faraway Russian city. My dog is _______young to behave. I _______calling you like that yesterday. He was ________to invite us to his event. Our group can’t ______ to go abroad now. The children _______watching the show. He ________saying different reasons to defend his point of view. I can’t _______listening to his anecdotes.

We didn’t manage to catch the last suburban train. I’ve invited you all to have a tea and a long talk. Amazed

Happy

Surprised

Fascinated

Sad

Wonderful

Glad

Sorry

Ex.: Tom was surprised to see his wife so enthusiastic. It was wonderful to travel to that sunny country again. I’m glad to invite you to my housewarming party on Sunday.

Gerund or infinitive? There are verbs that can be followed both by the gerund and the infinitive with to without change in meaning (for example, begin, start, continue, like). Ex.: It started snowing = It started to snow He likes reading at night = He likes to read at night They all began talking at once = They all began to talk at once Mike will continue playing = Mike will continue to play

Also there are verbs that as well can be followed both by the gerund and the infinitive with to but the meaning of the sentence will change (for example, regret, remember, stop, try, go on, forget). Ex.: Liam forgot to call me. (He didn’t call me) Liam forgot calling me. (He called me, but he didn’t remember about it) Mary will go on to tell us the news. (Mary will do something else and then will tell us the news) Mary will go on telling us the news. (Mary will talk with no stop about the news) I don’t remember to cook the dinner. (The dinner is cooked but I don’t remember about it) I don’t remember cooking the dinner. (The dinner is probably not cooked as I don’t remember myself in this process) We stopped to talk.(We stopped what we were doing to talk) We stopped talking. (We stopped to talk)