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ENGLISH GRAMMAR Reported Speech C. CONDITIONALS: Conditional sentences type two remain unchanged. He said, “If my children were older I would that if his children were older he would emigrate.

emigrate”.



He

said

SAY AND TELL AS INTRODUCTORY VERBS A. say and tell with direct speech. 1. say can introduce a statement or follow it. Tom said, “I’ve just heard the news”. or “I’ve just heard the news”,Tom said. Inversion of say and noun subject is possible when say follows the statement. “I’ve just heard the news”, said Tom. say + to + person addressed is possible, but this phrase must follow the direct statement; it cannot introduce it. “I’m leaving at once”, Tom said to me. Inversion is not possible here. 2. tell requires the person addressed. Tell me. He told us. I’ll tell Tom. Except with tell lies/stories/the truth/the time, when the person addressed need not to be mentioned. He told (me) lies. I’ll tell (you) a story. Tell used with direct speech must be placed after the direct statement: “I’m leaving at once”, Tom told me. Inversion is not possible with tell. B. say and tell with indirect speech Indirect statements are normally introduced by say, or tell + object. Say + to + object is possible but less usual than tell + object. He said he’d just heard the news. 5 He told me that he’d just heard the news. Note also tell ... how/about: He told us how he had crossed the mountains. He told us about crossing the mountains. He told us about his journeys. BIBLIOGRAPHY - A. J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press, 1986 - R. Fernández Carmona, English Grammar… with exercises, Longman, 2000 - R. Murphy, English Grammar in Use, Cambridge University Press 1990 - M. Harrison, Grammar Spectrum 2, Oxford University Press, 1996 - N. Coe, Grammar Spectrum 3, Oxford University Press, 1996

EXERCISES STATEMENTS 1. These people are saying these things. Report them, using says that. a. Paul: “Atlanta is a wonderful city.” __Paul says that Atlanta was a wonderful city ______________ b. Ruth: “I go jogging every morning.” Ruth says that she was go jogging every morning_________ c. Anna: “Jenny isn’t studying for her exams.” Anna says that Jenny wasn't studying for her exams ___ d. Andrew: “I used to be very fat.” Andrew says that he had used to be very fat___________________ e. e.- Jim: “I can’t swim.” _ Jim says that he couldn't swim ____________________________________

2. People made these statements. Report them, using said. Jane said that Mary was work in a bank a. “Mary works in a bank”, Jane said. ____________________________________________________ b. “I’m staying with some friends”, Jim said. __ Jim said that he was staying with some friends_______ Mike said that he had never been to Russia c. “I’ve never been to Russia”, Mike said. _________________________________________________ d. “Tom can’t use a computer”, Ella said. _ Ella said that Tom could not usea a computer ____________ e. “Everybody must try to do their best”, Jill said. __Jill said that Everybody had to try to do their best _ Rachel said that Jane might move to a new flat f. “Jane may move to a new flat”, Rachel said. ____________________________________________ g. “I’ll stay at home on Sunday”, Bill said. _ Bill said that he would stay at home on sunday____________ 3. Report what the guests said at a wedding last Sunday. Miss Moore said that they would make a lovely couple a. Miss Moore: “They’ll make a lovely couple.” _____________________________________________ b. Mr Smith: “They’re going to live in Brighton.” _Mr Smith said that they are going to live in Brighton___ c. Mrs Jones: “The bride and the groom are very nice young people.” __________________________ Mrs jones said that the bride and the groom were very nice young people _________________________________________________________________________________ d. Mr Roberts: “The bride is wearing a beautiful wedding dress.” ______________________________ Mr roberts said that bride was wearing a beautiful wedding dress__________________________ Mr Clarke said that the couple's parents were look happy e. Mr Clarke: “The couple’s parents look happy.” ___________________________________________ f. Miss Mayall: “The bride’s father has bought them a big flat.” _______________________________ Miss Mayall said that the bride's father had bought them a big flat _________________________ 4. Change the following statements into the reported speech. a. “I have something to show you”, I said to her. i said to her that i had something to show you _________________________________________________________________________________ b. “I’m going away tomorrow”, he said. 6 he said that he was going away the next day _________________________________________________________________________________ c. “I’ve been in London for a month but I haven’t had time to visit the Tower”, said Rupert. rupert said that he had been in london for a month but that he hadn't had time to visit the tower______ d. “I’ll come with you as soon as I’m ready”, she replied. she replied that she would come with me as soon as she was ready___ e. “We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work”, they said. they said that they were have a lift but very often it weren't work ____ f. “I must go to the dentist tomorrow”, he said. he said that he had to go to the dentist the next day___ g. “I found an old Roman coin in the garden yesterday and I am going to take it to the museum this afternoon”, he said. he said that he had found an old Roman coin in the garden the day before and that he is going to take___ it to the museum this

5. Write these sentences in indirect speech. she said that she had very tired a. “I’m very tired”, she said. ____________________________________________________________ he said that he would see them soon b. “I’ll see them soon”, he said. _________________________________________________________ she said that she was going to the cinema c. “I’m going to the cinema”, she said. ___________________________________________________ he said that he was see the children quite often d. “I see the children quite often”, he said. ________________________________________________ she said that she was having a bath e. “I’m having a bath”, she said. _________________________________________________________ she said that she had already met their parents f. “I’ve already met their parents”, she said. _______________________________________________ she said that she had stayed in a hotel for a few weeks g. “I stayed in a hotel for a few weeks”, she said. ___________________________________________ he said that he had to go home to make dinner h. “I must go home to make dinner”, he said. ______________________________________________ she said that she hadn't been waiting long i. “I haven’t been waiting long”, she said. _________________________________________________ j. “I’m listening to the radio”, he said. ____________________________________________________ he said that he was listening to the radio she said that she would tell them the news on saturday k. “I’ll tell them the news on Saturday”, she said. ___________________________________________ l. “I like swimming, dancing and playing tennis”, he said. he said that he was swimming, dancing and playing tennis____

ENGLISH GRAMMAR Reported Speech

she said that she could drive m. “I can drive”, she said. ______________________________________________________________ he said that he had walked home after the party n. “I walked home after the party”, he said. _______________________________________________ she said that she is going to be sick o. “I’m going to be sick”, she said. _______________________________________________________ he said that he had to go out to post a letter p. “I must go out to post a letter”, he said. ________________________________________________ she said that she had spoken to jane the previous week q. “I spoke to Jane last week”, she said. ___________________________________________________ he said that he was trying to listen to the music r. “I’m trying to listen to the music”, he said. ______________________________________________ s. “I’ll phone the office from the airport”, she said. _ she said that she would phone the office from the airport_ he said that he couldn't speak any foreign languages t. “I can’t speak any foreign languages”, he said. ___________________________________________

6. Write these sentences in indirect speech, changing words where necessary. a. “I’ll see you tomorrow”, she said. she said that she would see you the next day ____ b. “I saw her today”, he said. he said that he had seen her that day ___ c. “I don’t like this film”, she said. she said that she wasn't like this film___ d. She said, “We went swimming today.” we had gone swimming that day, she said ____ e. “I met her about three months ago”, he said. he said that he had met about three months ago__ f. “I’ll see Mary on Sunday”, she said. she said that she would see mary on sunday _______ g. “Pete and Sue are getting married tomorrow”, she said. she said that peter and sue were getting married the next day_____ h. “Stephen’s bringing some records to the party tomorrow”, she said. she said that Stephen was bringing some records to the party the next day ___ 7 i. “I really like this furniture”, she said. she said that she was really like this furniture_____ j. “My parents are arriving tomorrow”, she said. she said that your parents were arriving the next day ________ k. “We visited her this morning” they said. they said the they had visited her this morning ______ l. “We’ll see her next summer” they said. they said that they would see her the next summer___ m. “They were here three months ago”, he said. he said that they had there three months ago___ n. “I’m meeting them at four o’clock today”, he said. he said that he was meeting them at four o'clock that day ____ o. “I can see you tomorrow”, she said. she said that she could see you the next day ____ QUESTIONS 7. Report the police-officer’s questions to the shop owner. a. What’s your name? _________________________________________________________________ he asked what was my name he asked if i had seen the robbers b. Did you see the robbers? ____________________________________________________________ he asked what had wearing they c. What were they wearing? ___________________________________________________________ he asked i was do think they got in d. How do you think they got in? ________________________________________________________ e. What did they take? ________________________________________________________________ he asked they had taken

8. Write these sentences as reported questions using the words given. a. “What’s your name?”, he asked. (wanted to know) he wanted to know what was my name _________________________________________________________________________________ b. “Do you like Marlon Brandon?”, she asked. she asked me that if i liked marlon brandon _________________________________________________________________________________ c. “How old are you?”, she said. (asked) she asked me that how old was me _________________________________________________________________________________ d. “When does the train leave?”, I asked. i asked that what was the train leaves _________________________________________________________________________________ e. “Are you enjoying yourself?”, he asked. he asked me if i was enjoying myself _________________________________________________________________________________ f. “How are you?”, he said. (asked) he asked me that how i was _________________________________________________________________________________ g. “Does your father work here?”, she asked. she asked me if my father worked there _________________________________________________________________________________ h. “Do you live near your father?”, he asked. he asked me that if i lived near to my father _________________________________________________________________________________ i. “Who did you see at the meeting?”, my mother asked. my mother asked me that who i have seen at the meeting _________________________________________________________________________________ j. “Why did you take my wallet?”, he asked. he asked me why i have taken his wallet _________________________________________________________________________________ k. “How did you get to school?”, she asked. 8 she asked me how i have gotten to school _________________________________________________________________________________ l. “Are you a foreigner?”, she asked. she asked me if i was foreigner _________________________________________________________________________________ m. “Where do you live?”, the boy asked. the boy asked me where i was living _________________________________________________________________________________ n. “Have you met Danny before?”, he asked. he asked me if i have met danny before _________________________________________________________________________________ o. “Are you hungry?”, he asked. he asked me if i was hungry _________________________________________________________________________________ p. “Why wasn’t Judy at the party?”, she asked. she asked me why judy has not been at the party _________________________________________________________________________________ q. “Why didn’t you telephone?”, my father asked. my father asked me why i have not called him _________________________________________________________________________________ r. “Did you borrow my dictionary?”, he asked. he asked me if i had borrowed his dictionary _________________________________________________________________________________ s. “Why are you so late?”, the teacher asked. the teacher asked me why i was so late _________________________________________________________________________________ t. “Have you finished your exams?”, she asked. she asked me if i had finished my exams _________________________________________________________________________________ u. “Did you invite Judy and Mitch?”, he asked. he asked me if i had invited judy and mitch _________________________________________________________________________________ v. “Does your brother live in London?”, she asked. she asked me if my bother was lived in london _________________________________________________________________________________ w. “Why didn’t the police report the crime?”, the judge asked. the judge asked me why i had reported the crime to the police _________________________________________________________________________________ x. “Do you know who broke the window?”, he asked. he asked if i knew who broke the window _________________________________________________________________________________

ENGLISH GRAMMAR Reported Speech y. “Why you won’t let me in?”, he shouted. he shouted me why i would not let him in _________________________________________________________________________________ COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND ADVICE 9. Rewrite these sentences in reported speech. a. “Make some coffee, Bob”, Carol said.(ask) carol asked if bob made some coffee. _________________________________________________________________________________ b. “You must do the homework soon, Jane”, she said.(tell) she tell her that she had to do homework soon _________________________________________________________________________________ c. “Remember to buy a map, Ann” he said.(remind) he remind her that she buy a map _________________________________________________________________________________ d. “You should see a doctor, Mrs Clark”, he said.(advise) he advise him that he should see a doctor _________________________________________________________________________________ e. “Keep all the windows closed, Bill” they said.(warn) _________________________________________________________________________________ they warnend bill that he keep all the windows closed f. “Go home, Paul”, Francis said.(tell) _________________________________________________________________________________ francis tell her that he go home g. “Please stay for supper, Bob”, he said.(try to persuade) he try to persuade him that he stay for supper _________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Report the following sentences. a. “Don’t try to be funny.” _________________________________________________________________________________ he said me that i was not funny b. “Wait here till I come.” he told me that i wait here still he come _________________________________________________________________________________ c. “Go to bed and don’t get up till you’re called.” 9 he said me that i went to bed and did not get up till i was called _________________________________________________________________________________ d. “Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes.” my mother tell me tha i was a good girl and was sitting quietly for five minutes _________________________________________________________________________________ e. “Watch the milk and don’t let it boil over.” my mothe tell me that i watched the milk and did not let it boil over _________________________________________________________________________________ f. “Don’t take your coat off.” he said me that i did not take off my coat _________________________________________________________________________________ g. “Don’t forget to thank Mrs Jones when you’re saying good bye to her.” my dad said me that i did not forget to thank mrs jones when i said goood bye to her _________________________________________________________________________________ h. “Stop that dog.” he told me that i stopped the dog _________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Write the sentences in reported speech using the words given. a. “Sit down, Mary.” (he told) he told her that she sat down _________________________________________________________________________________ b. “Would you pass my suitcase?” (he asked) he asked me that i would pass your suitcase _________________________________________________________________________________ c. “Don’t go near the sea, children.” (the children’s mother warned) _________________________________________________________________________________ the children's mother warned d. “Don’t be late, Tim.” (Tim’s father told) tim's father told him that he was not late _________________________________________________________________________________ e. “Be quiet, children.” (the librarian told)

the librarian told them that they were quiet _________________________________________________________________________________ f. “Have your tickets ready, please.” (the inspector told us) the inspector told us that we did have the tickets ready _________________________________________________________________________________

SAY AND TELL 12. Use the correct form of SAY and TELL in these sentences. said a. She _______________________ me she didn’t agree. told us b. He _______________________ , “Have we met before?” told c. I _______________________ them I wasn’t happy with their work. said d. She smiled and _______________________ to me, “I’m very pleased to meet you.” told e. She _______________________ me a story about her parents. said me f. He _______________________, “Are you feeling OK?” tell g. I didn’t hear. What did he _______________________? tell h. Could you _______________________ me the time, please? said i. They _______________________ me they were going to a meeting. said to j. I _______________________ the police my address. said that k. I _______________________ I wanted to buy a magazine. told that l. He _______________________ he wasn’t interested in politics. tell m. Could you _______________________ me your name again? telling n. Do you think he is _______________________ the truth? say o. Would you _______________________ him to come early tomorrow? say p. If he _______________________ that again there’ll be trouble. said q. I _______________________ them it was dangerous to swim here. tell r. Did you _______________________ anything to him about your problem at work? 10 tell s. _______________________ me what happened. telling t. I think he is _______________________ lies. said u. The policeman _______________________ the man was lying. say v. Philip _______________________ it would probably rain tomorrow. tells w. Susan _______________________, “Let’s go out for dinner tonight.” tells x. Jim _______________________ me about the party last night. said y. Our teacher _______________________ he was pleased with our work. tell z. Stop _______________________ lies! OFFERS AND SUGGESTIONS 13. Rewrite the sentences with the gerund or the infinitive and the in reported speech. a. “I’ll bring my CDs to the party.” He promised to bring his CDs to the party. b. “Let’s go to the cinema tonight, shall we? go to the cinema that night She suggested _____________________________________________________________________ c. “Yes, I stole the wallet.” He admitted _that he was stole the wallet_______________________________________ d. “Be careful! The water is boiling.” She warned us _____________________________________________________________________ that the water were boiring e. “You must apologise to your teacher.” My father insisted (on) _on that i had to apologise to teacher__________________________________ f. “All right! I’ll share the expenses with you.” that we could share the expenses My friend agreed ___________________________________________________________________