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• Manohar Potnuru

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Chapter 4 Options (Preferences) ETAP contains initialization files (INI files) that are used to set various preferences and parameters for the local PC where the software resides. These changes can be as simple as defining a favorite project to open automatically, or as varied as selecting Arc Flash analysis results to be also sent to MS Excel format. ETAP automatically maintains a PSGRID.INI and an ETAPS.INI file in your application folder (ETAP 1400 or current version). Normally, you would not need to make changes in this file. However, you may want to manipulate certain fields to customize ETAP’s behavior to suit your specific needs.

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Options (Preferences) Editor

4.1 Options (Preferences) Editor Entries in ETAPS.INI can be changed by using the Options (Preferences) Editor. The advantage of using this interface is that the majority of the changes are applied to ETAP without requiring the software to restart.

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Options (Preferences) Editor

This editor can be accessed from the Tools Menu within the ETAP environment as shown below.

Sorting By default the entries for ETAPS.INI are shown in a categorized view based on the analysis module, oneline diagram, printing and other functionality.

If the name of the entry is known, then you may also search for it alphabetically by sorting the list of INI entries as shown below.

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Options (Preferences) Editor

Expand all items Click on ‘Expand all’ to view the contents of each preference category.

Collapse all items Click on ‘Collapse all’ to hide the contents of each preference category.

Description Click on the INI entry to view a brief description as well as ranges and default values for that field.

Adjustable

Show / Hide Description Click to view or hide the detailed description for each item.

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Options (Preferences) Editor

Edit ETAPS.INI Click to directly view and edit the ETAPS.INI file currently being utilized. Note: By editing the ETAPS.INI file directly using this method while ETAP is open will require a manual restart of ETAP in order for the changes to be applied. The following categories have been included to allow quicker access to a particular entry. CATEGORY NAME Arc Flash Battery Sizing / Discharge Cable Sizing Contingency Analysis Control System Diagram Database Compare ETAP Application ETAP Project Harmonic Analysis Geospatial View Ground Grid Systems Load Flow Motor Starting One-Line Optimal Capacitor Placement Optimal Power Flow Printing / Plotting Project Database Real-Time Reliability Reporting Short Circuit Star Star Z Switching Optimization & Fault Management and Service Restoration Transient Stability UGS Unbalanced Load Flow

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DESCRIPTION Options affect Arc Flash calculation Options affect Battery Sizing and Discharge calculation Options affect the cable earthing and sizing calculations Options affect Contingency Analysis Options affect Control Circuit Diagram Load Flow calculation Options affect the database comparison utility Options control the ETAP application Options that affect all ETAP calculations Options affect Harmonic Load Flow calculations Options affect the ETAP geospatial view look and feel Options affect the Ground Grid calculations Options affect Balanced Load Flow calculations Options affect Motor Starting calculations This group contains options that modify behavior of the one-line diagram Options that affect Optimal Capacitor Placement calculations Options that affect Optimal Power Flow calculations Options that changes the print style of the ETAP one-line diagram Options that sets how ETAP handles project databases Options that that are used when ETAP is running in Real-Time Mode Options that affect Reliability Assessment calculations Options that affect Output Report Options that affect ANSI and IEC Short-Circuit calculations Options that affect display and behavior of ETAP Star Options that affect display and behavior of ETAP Star Impedance Relay Options that affect Switching Optimization and FMSR Options that affect Transient Stability calculations Options that affect Underground Raceway System calculations Options that affect Unbalanced Load Flow calculations

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Options (Preferences) Editor

If you are manually editing the ETAPS.INI file, you will notice that there are four sections in this file: [ETAP PowerStation] [AppVariables] [Colors] [Recent File List] Users can modify entries in three of these sections – [ETAP], [AppVariables], and [Colors]. The allowable entries below are listed by section. Default values for the indicated entries are shown below. You may NOT find all of these entries in your INI file since ETAP automatically use the default values without making an entry in the INI file.

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PSGRID.INI

4.2 PSGRID.INI This initialization file referred to Ground Grid Systems. If a Ground Grid is created within ETAP, the PSGRID.INI file will be automatically created. The first entry in the INI file is: [Grid] Initialized=1 If this entry is set to 1, then ETAP recognizes that Ground Grid Systems have been activated on the local PC.

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OTIGraph.INI

4.3 OTIGraph.INI The default Star View Plot Options settings (Defaults Plot Options Star View) are saved in the OTIGraph.INI file. The location of OTIGraph.INI file can be specified in Options (Preferences) editor (Tools Options) by setting “ETAP Star TCC Plot Options Path” located in ETAP Application category. The location of the INI file can be set to App, User, Common, or Local.

App Select App to access the OTIGraph.INI file located in ETAP application folder (i.e. ETAP 14.0.0 or current version). The ETAP application folder is set the path chosen during installation.

User Select User to access the OTIGraph.INI file located in user’s ‘AppData’ folder. For example, if a user logs in as John Smith, the OTIGraph.INI file is saved in C:\Users\John Smith\AppData\Roaming\OTI\ETAPS\14.0.0 (or current version).

Common Select Common to access the OTIGraph.INI file located in ‘Program Data’ folder. The OTIGraph.INI file is saved in C:\Program Data\ OTI\ETAPS\14.0.0 (or current version).

Local Select Local to access the OTIGraph.INI file located in user’s ‘AppData’ ‘Local’ folder. For example, if a user logs in as John Smith, the OTIGraph.INI file is saved in C:\Users\John Smith\ AppData\Local\OTI\ETAPS\14.0.0 (or current version). ‘AppData’ and ‘Local’ are hidden folders. Windows folder options should be set accordingly to view these folders and the OTIGraph.INI file

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OTIGraph.INI

Changing the OTIGraph.INI file location in Options (Preferences) editor requires ETAP to be restarted for the changes to take effect. When ETAP application is restarted, a new OTIGraph.INI file, with default ETAP settings (factory settings) is created in the new location (if it does not already exist). Note: In order to use your existing/customized Star View Plot Option defaults, it is necessary to manually copy the OTIGraph.INI file from the old location to the new location. For more details on the default Star View Plot options settings, refer to Chapter 17 – Star View.

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Themes (OTH file)

4.4 Themes (OTH file) The Theme Manager allows (Project Toolbar) changing color and line styles for devices, device connectors and one-line background. New themes created are saved as ‘.OTH’ files (i.e. Theme1.oth). The location of theme files can be specified in Options (Preferences) editor (Tools Options) by setting “Theme File Location” located in ETAP Application category. The location of the OTH file can be set to App, User, Common, or Local.

App Select App to access the theme files located in ETAP application folder (i.e. ETAP 14.0.0 or current version). The ETAP application folder is set the path chosen during installation.

User Select User to access the theme files located in user’s ‘‘AppData’ folder. For example, if a user logs in as John Smith, the theme files are saved in C:\Users\John Smith\AppData\Roaming\OTI\ETAPS\14.0.0 (or current version).

Common Select Common to access the theme files located in ‘Program Data’ folder. The theme files are saved in C:\Program Data\ OTI\ETAPS\14.0.0 (or current version).

Local Select Local to access the theme files located in user’s ‘AppData’ ‘Local’ folder. For example, if a user logs in as John Smith, the theme files are saved in C:\Users\John Smith\ AppData\Local\OTI\ETAPS\14.0.0 (or current version).

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Themes (OTH file)

‘Application Data’ and ‘Local Settings’ are hidden folders. Windows folder options should be set accordingly to view these folders and the theme files. Changing the theme file location in Options (Preferences) editor requires ETAP to be restarted for the changes to take effect. Note: In order to use your existing/customized themes, it is necessary to manually copy the theme files from the old location to the new location. For more details on the Theme Manager settings, refer to Chapter 9 – One-Line Diagram GUI. Notes: 1. The location of ‘mslog.txt’ and ‘psrept.log’ files can also be set in the Options (Preferences) editor to App, User, Common or Local as explained above for OTIGrpah.INI and Themes. 2. If older versions of ETAP do not exist (new installation of ETAP 14.0 or current version), the default locations for Themes, OTIGraph.ini, Msglog.txt and Psrept.log files set in the ETAP Preferences editor are:

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Themes (OTH file)

Themes - App OTIGraph - User Msglog.txt - User Psrept.log - User 3. If one or more versions of ETAP exist (upgrade to ETAP 14.0 or current version), the default locations for Themes, OTIGraph.ini, Msglog.txt and Psrept.log files set in the ETAP Preferences editor are: Themes - App OTIGraph - App Msglog.txt - User Psrept.log - User

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ETAPS.INI

4.5 ETAPS.INI File Locations The ETAPS.INI file is used by ETAP in the following locations and in the order specified: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Local - e.g., C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\OTI\ETAPS\\etaps.ini User - e.g., C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\OTI\ETAPS\\etaps.ini Common - e.g., C:\ProgramData\OTI\ETAPS\\etaps.ini App - e.g., C:\ETAP XXXX\etaps.ini (app folder) Windows - e.g., C:\Windows\etaps.ini

Any manual changes to the ETAPS.INI file will require re-launching ETAP in order for that change to take effect.

[ETAP PowerStation] AllowProjectRename=1 A default value of 1 indicates automatic renaming of project files when they are copied outside of ETAP.

ArcFlashMaxDuration=2 This entry specifies the number of plotted points in the Arc-Flash Analysis Tabulated Report. The default value is 2 (120 Cycles) which equals 2 sec @ 60 Hz and 2.4 sec @ 50 Hz. Two extra points for every second past the default value will be added. The maximum value is 999 seconds.

AutoRecover=1 This entry creates a temporary entry in each subsequent project database that is opened by your local PC. This entry tells ETAP that there is an unregistered One-Line-Element. This allows ETAP to deal with the element. Setting this value to 0 will cause ETAP to report the error and shut down the application rather than dealing with the unregistered One-Line-Element.

AverageSourceBranchNumber=10 This entry indicates the average source contributing branches on a faulted bus. A source contributing branch contains short-circuit current from a power grid or a synchronous machine. The range for this entry is 5 – 999.

Calc3CCableG1ByIECMethod=1 When the Neher–McGrath Method is selected in the Cable Derating Study Case for UGS calculations, this entry indicates to ETAP to use the same method specified in IEC 60287 to calculate the geometric factor G1 for insulation thermal resistance calculation for 3/C cable.

ConversionY=40 ConversionX=20 Shown above are the conversion default factors for setting element layout in a one-line diagram when converting ETAP DOS database files into ETAP. Reduction of the Conversion Y value results in a vertically compressed bus distance. Reducing the Conversion X value results in horizontally compressed bus distances.

CurrentAnnotation orientation=15

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ETAPS.INI

These values determine the slope for the displays of annotation results for short-circuit currents. Some video cards may not be able to draw the rotated annotations used by ETAP. In that case, set the orientation entries to 0.

DCLFMaxIterNoForSrcChange=200 This is the default maximum number of inner loop iterations in load flow calculations for adjusting DC power sources, including charger, DC converter, UPS, battery, PV Array, etc. This is also applied to adjustments for inverter MPPT control.

DCLFMPPTWattPrecision=1.0 watt This is the default convergence threshold value for PV array and inverter MPPT control. The default value is 1 watt and the minimum value is 0.001 watt. In load flow calculations, a PV array or an inverter in MPPT control adjusts its operating values based on system conditions. When the change of power between two adjustments is smaller than this threshold value, the calculation is considered to be converged.

DCLFMPPTVPrecision=0.01 volt This is the default convergence threshold value for PV array and inverter MPPT control. The default value is 0.01 volt and the minimum value is 0.001 volt. In load flow calculations, a PV array or an inverter in MPPT control adjusts its operating values based on system conditions. When the change of voltage between two adjustments is smaller than this threshold value, the calculation is considered to be converged.

DCSC LFPrecision=.0001 This is the default precision for load flow resolutions in DC Short-Circuit. Valid range is .0000001 to 0.1.

DCSCNLSrcMaxIter = 500 This is the default maximum number of iterations for calculating contribution from non-linear shortcircuit sources, such as PV array. The default value is 500. In DC short-circuit calculation, the contributions from non-linear sources vary based on terminal bus voltage of the sources and the calculation process is iterative.

DCSCNLSrcPrecisionKA= 0.000001 kA This is the default convergence threshold value for contributions from non-linear short-circuit sources, such as PV array. The default value is 0.000001 kA and the minimum value is 0.00000001 volt. In DC short-circuit calculation, the contributions from non-linear sources vary based on terminal bus voltage of the sources and the calculation process is iterative. When the changes of contribution from all non-linear sources are smaller than this threshold value between two iterations, the calculation is considered to be converged.

DisplaySynMachineAbsoluteRotorAngleOrVoltageAngleDifference=1 If this is set to 1 the results for the synchronous generator absolute rotor angle plots stay the same as previous versions. The program will plot the rotor angle deviation from the initial angle determined during initial steady-state conditions. This plot indicates if the generator rotor speeds up or slows down. If this entry is set to 0, the program will plot the difference between the terminal voltage angle and the rotor angle. This plot is useful to see how much power angle deviation occurs during a transient event.

DrawDown=1

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ETAPS.INI

DrawLeftRight=1 DrawArrow=1 These values indicate the default values for the position of the branch flows (power and current) and arrows on the one-line diagram. DSN Version=2 ETAP maintains and updates the ODBC System Data Source Name version for 'otiaccess' automatically. This value will be set to 2 during the installation of ETAP. Setting this value to 0 will cause ETAP to create an ODBC System Data Source 'otiaccess' during startup. Setting the value to 1 will cause ETAP to reconfigure the ODBC System Data Source 'otiaccess'.

Dump OL IncX=15 Dump OL IncY=15 Dump OL MaxX=3000 When a database audit is performed, ETAP may recover orphaned database items to a Dumpster cell. The recovered one-line diagram elements are placed in rows with Dump OL IncX distance apart up to a maximum width of Dump OL MaxX with Dump OL IncY distance between the rows, i.e., Dump OL IncX controls the X-interval, Dump OL IncY controls the Y-interval, and Dump OL MaxX is the maximum X of successive elements recovered to the Dumpster. For example, given the default values (above), ETAP would place the first element at X=15, Y=15; the second at X=30, Y=15, etc., until the 3000 logical units is encountered. At that point, the next elements would be placed at X=15, Y=30, and next at X=30, Y=30, etc.

Dump UGS IncX=20 Dump UGS IncY=20 Dump UGS MaxX=3000 When a database audit is performed, ETAP may recover orphaned database items to a Dumpster cell. The recovered UGS elements are placed in rows with Dump UGS IncX distance apart up to a maximum width of Dump UGS MaxXwith Dump UGS IncY distance between the rows, i.e., Dump UGS IncX controls the X-interval, Dump UGS IncY controls the Y-interval, and Dump UGS MaxXis the maximum X of successive elements recovered to the Dumpster. For example, given the default values (above), ETAP would place the first element at X=20, Y=20; the second at X=40, Y=20, etc., until the 3000 logical units is encountered. At that point, the next elements would be placed at X=20, Y=40, next at X=40, Y=40, etc.

EstimateAtFixedAmp=1 This entry is used to interpolate points from battery characteristic curves for battery sizing and discharge calculations. If this entry is set to 1, the interpolation will be done at a fixed amp value; otherwise, it is done at fixed AH or Time depending the value of “UseAH_AmpCurve” entry also in the INI file.

HAUseEquipmentBase=1 If HAUseEquipmentBase is set to 1, element/device rated data will be used as harmonic source bases; otherwise if it is set to 0, elements/device fundamental load flow data will be used as harmonic source bases.

IncludeFLAInSCMaxThrough=1 This entry indicates to the Short-Circuit program to include (or exclude) the rated Full Load Amps (FLA) of induction/synchronous machines in the calculation of the maximum through short-circuit current duty (momentary or interrupting) of protective devices directly connected to those machines. If this entry is set to 0, the FLA will not be considered (this includes generator circuit breakers). This entry only applies for

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ANSI Short-Circuit calculations (IEC Short-Circuit does not consider the FLA and thus is not affected by this option).

IncludeSystemImpedance=0 This entry affects modeling method for harmonic current sources in Harmonic Analysis module. It takes effect when the option of Thevein/Norton Equivalent for Non-Electronic Sources or Thevein/Norton Equivalent for All Sources is selected in the Model page of Harmonic Analysis Study Case. Assuming one of these two options has been selected, if this entry equals 0, the pure current source will follow the harmonic spectrum of the source, independent of system and source internal impedance values. If this entry equals 1, the pure current source will be adjusted so the harmonic current injection into the system will follow harmonic spectrum of the source.

Initialized=1 If this entry is set to 1, then ETAP has been activated on your local PC.

LoadBusKVMatch=40 LoadBusKVMatch is the percent deviation allowed between load voltages and the bus kV to which the load is attached. The allowable range is 1 to 99.

MaxBusAngMismatch=1 This entry defines the maximum angle mismatch at a bus. When the transformer angle shift is considered in a calculation, it can cause angle mismatch in a looped system if angle shifts of transformers involved in a loop are not compatible, which will cause circulating power flow in the loop. ETAP identifies such a situation and informs the user before a system study. The value defined by this entry is used as the threshold for checking bus angle mismatch. The allowable range is 0 to 360.

MaxBusIniAngDiff=10 This entry defines the maximum difference between the bus initial voltage angle from the Bus Editor and the angle calculated with consideration of transformer angle shift, for determining the initial voltage angle used in load flow calculation. In load flow calculation, if the “Apply XFMR angle shift” option is checked and the bus voltage is used as the initial value, ETAP calculates bus voltage angle considering transformer angle shift. The calculated bus angle is referenced at the angle of first swing machine. Then this calculated voltage angle is compared with the bus initial voltage angle displayed in the Bus Editor. If the difference between the two angles is smaller than the MaxBusIniAngDiff value, the angle from the Bus Editor is used as the initial bus voltage angle in the calculation; otherwise, the calculated angle is used as the initial bus voltage angle.

MaximumPhaseShift=1 The continuity check will determine whether a looped transformer (2W or 3W) has a mismatched phase angle shift by comparing the phase shifts with the allowable shift specified in this entry. ETAP checks for the violation when running the following studies: SC ANSI Max, 4 Cycle, Min, IEC 60909, and 1Ph Device Duty. This is also checked for Sequence of Operation and 1Ph ANSI Arc Flash.

MaxIterForAmpCalc=200 This is the default value for the maximum number of iterations for the Underground Raceway System (UGS) for Uniform-Temperature and Uniform-Ampacity calculations.

MaxIterForCableSizeCalc=1000 This is the default value for the maximum number of iterations performed by the Underground System (UGS) for Cable Sizing calculations.

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MaxIterForTempCalc=50 This is the default value for the maximum number of iterations performed by the Underground Raceway System (UGS) for Steady-State and Transient Temperature calculations.

Max Open LightRS=10 Max Open HeavyRS=10 These values indicate the default number of database handlers kept open at any time by ETAP in the current session. The default values should be sufficient for most cases involving ODBC drivers for Microsoft Access and Microsoft SQL Server. Due to the limitation imposed on the Microsoft ODBC Driver for Oracle (driver version 2.00.006325), Oracle users may need to reduce the aforementioned values to 5 (set Max Open LightRS=5 and Max Open HeavyRS=5).

MaxSourcelfLevel=3 This entry defines the number of levels of source contributing branches for a faulted bus. A source contributing branch contains short-circuit current from a power grid or a synchronous machine. The short-circuit currents for these branches are calculated by the Arc Flash program to determine arcing current clearing time. The range for this entry is 1 – 20.

MaxTransientStep=5000 This is the default value for the maximum number of steps for the Underground System (UGS) for the Transient Temperature calculations.

MinOLVScale=1 Some video cards may have difficulties drawing ETAP’s one-line diagrams at their minimum scaling factors. These difficulties may even cause application errors on some computers. If you experience these difficulties, try setting the MinOLVScale to a higher number. Allowable values are 0 through 16. A value of 16 effectively disables scaling and zooming on the one-line diagrams.

Mouse Wheel Timer=400 The Mouse Wheel scrolling is driven by a timer whose value is set by this INI entry. Normally, this value does not need to be changed. If, however, you want to increase or decrease the initial speed, it may be changed within the following bounds (minimum = 10ms, maximum=1000MS)

MsgLogInitialSize=12 MSSoftStarterConstSOnly=0 When this value is 1, the soft starter input load (to terminal bus) is always treated as constant power. When this value is 0, it is modeled as constant power load if the bus voltage is higher than the control settings, otherwise it is modeled as constant Z load.

MSSoftStarterLFEpsilon=0.005 This is the threshold value used to check convergence of load flow calculations for adjusting soft starter operating values at a given time. The value is in pu for voltage. (Range is from 0.0000001 to 1.0)

MSSoftStarterLFMaxIterNo=100 This is the maximum iteration number used in Load Flow calculations for adjusting soft starter operating values at a given time.

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NonLoadBusKVMatch=40 The nominal kV of the two terminal buses (From Bus and To Bus) of a branch, excluding a transformer, should be the same or very close. This field defines the maximum difference allowed between the nominal kV values of such two buses. If the difference is more than this limit (defaulted to 40%), an error message will be given and ETAP exits the calculation. User can set it to a different value to tighten or relax the error checking. For transformers this limit is used to compare transformer rated kV with the nominal kV of the terminal bus on the same side.

OLDSpaceManagerCols =10 OLDSpaceManagerRows=10 CxSpaceManagerCols=10 CxSpaceManagerRows=10 These entries dimension the internal space manager used by the one-line diagram views or composite network views to speed up redrawing. The columns and rows define the internal resolution for the space manager. Higher values of columns and rows will result in faster redrawing, but requires additional memory. Additional memory is allocated on the basis of Rows * Columns.

ReloadLastProject=0 When set to 1, ETAP will automatically load the last project that was open.

Report Font / Report Scaling Factor When viewing a localized version of ETAP, make sure the following settings are applied: Localized ETAP

Report Font Scaling Factor (%)

Report Font ReportFontTypeFace= OLVPrintFooterFontTypeface=

;

Chinese

85

Italian

85

Japanese

85

Korean

85

Portuguese

85

Russian

100

Times New Roman OLVPrintHeaderFontTypeface=Arial Unicode MS PlotGraphFontTypeface=Arial Unicode MS OLVPrintFooterFontTypeface=Arial Unicode MS AlertPrintFontTypeface=Arial Unicode MS

Spanish

85

Times New Roman

ETAP

Times New Roman ReportFontTypeFace== OLVPrintFooterFontTypeface= PlotGraphFontTypeface= OLVPrintHeaderFontTypeface= SymbolFontTypeface= AlertPrintFontTypeface= ReportFontTypeFace=Malgun Gothic OLVPrintFooterFontTypeface=Malgun Gothic PlotGraphFontTypeface=Malgun Gothic OLVPrintHeaderFontTypeface=Malgun Gothic SymbolFontTypeface=Malgun Gothic AlertPrintFontTypeface=Malgun Gothic

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ETAPS.INI

If installing multiple language output reports, also including Portuguese and German, with the English version, the default Report Font Scaling Factor will be set to 85. If only English output reports are selected, the default will be set to 100. Note: To view any output reports in a language other than English, make sure the operating system contains the proper language package settings for that selection. For Korean fonts you can also use Batang if Malgun Gothic is not available. Refer to Chapter 2 - ETAP Installation - Step 10 for details regarding the language package settings for each type of operating system. Note: From ETAP 14.1 and on, Report Scaling Factor will not be considered for Arc Flash Labels. The scaling for labels is set to 100 percent.

Save Initial Bus Updates=0 The initial bus updates obtained from Load Flow calculations are not written to the database by default. Setting this value to 1 will cause ETAP to write the values to the project database when it is saved.

SCANSICondenserMFOpt=2 This entry determines how a synchronous condenser is modeled in ANSI short circuit calculations. There are three options (0, 1, & 2) and the default value is 2. When the option 0 is used, a synchronous condenser is modeled exactly the same as a synchronous motor. The synchronous condenser positive reactance for calculating interrupting duty (for 1.5 to 4 cycles) is equal to 1.5Xd” When the option 1 is used, the synchronous condenser positive sequence reactance for calculating interrupting duty (for 1.5 to 4 cycles) is equal to Xd”. However, in the device duty calculation, the multiplying factors including dc decrement only (Figure 10, IEEE Std C37.0.10-1999) are applied even if a fault occurs at the terminal bus of a synchronous condenser. This means that ac decrement in short circuit contribution from a synchronous motor is not included in the calculation. This method may provide overly conservative results. When the option 2 is used, a synchronous condenser is modeled similar to a synchronous generator in interrupting duty calculation. The synchronous condenser positive sequence reactance for calculating interrupting duty (for 1.5 to 4 cycles) is equal to Xd”. And the multiplying factors including both ac and dc decrement (Figures 8 and 9, IEEE Std C37.0.10-1999) are applied for a fault near the synchronous condenser. This means that ac decrement in short circuit contribution from a synchronous motor is handled as if a synchronous generator. This option is the default selection.

Scrub Database=0 When this is set to 0, ETAP will not automatically scrub the database during startup.

Scrub Database=1 When this is set to 1, ETAP will scrub the Database Automatically during startup. The Scrub Database function uses the Compact Database utility provided by Microsoft Access. As you change data in a database, the database file can become fragmented and use more disk space than is necessary. Additionally, items deleted, from your one-line diagram and Dumpster, are retained within the database file until the database is “Scrubbed.” The Compact Database utility will compact your database to de-fragment existing data and remove deleted data from the database file. Compacted databases are usually smaller in size and generally run faster. ETAP

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The Scrub Database function is only available for Microsoft Access 7.0 and higher databases. ETAP will automatically scrub the database when converting 1.4.1 project files to 2.0 project files.

SerializeAudit=1 This entry verifies all elements in the serialized stream and reports errors on unexpected elements found in the stream. Setting this value to 0 will cause ETAP to skip the verification process.

SpanDischDutyCycleToOneMinute=1 IEEE Standard 485 requires that when sizing a battery, is a discrete sequence load can be established, the load for a one minute period should be assumed to be the maximum current at any instant within that minute. Hence, the maximum load is expanded to the whole minimum time span of one minute. In ETAP Calculation of battery discharge, if SpanDischDutyCycleToOneMinute=1, the minimum span of 1 minute will be applied to the battery duty cycle. If SpanDischDutyCycleToOneMinute=0, the actual battery duty cycle will be used in the discharge calculation. The default value is set to “1.” This gives more conservative results. Please note that for battery sizing calculations, the minimum time span of 1 minute is used for calculations.

Star FitMaxScaleFactor Integer value, default = 400 This is the maximum scale factor that will be used by Star when Zooming the one-line diagram elements to fit in the lower corner of the Star View.

Star FitBottomPercent Integer value, default = 30 This is the percent of the graph width and height that will be used to display the one-line diagram elements when zooming in on the one-line diagram to fit in the lower corner of the Star View. Star GroupByDefault Integer value, default = 0 If 1, elements are grouped when they are dropped on a Star View. If 0, they are not grouped.

SQL_TextSize 79152 This establishes the maximum length of a binary stream that can be written to SQL Server. If you get SQL Server errors when writing a large project to SQL Server, you may need to increase the size of this variable.

SVCCoefficient=0.01 SVCCoefficient is used to control SVC adjustment step. The default value is 0.01. You may set it to a smaller value to improve load flow convergence or a bigger value to increase load flow converging speed.

SwingEquation=1 If this parameter is set to 1, which is set by default, Transient Stability program will use an enhance integration method for synchronous generator swing equations.

Time-outs The following entries are calculation time-out defaults in seconds:

CDTimeOut=60 HATimeOut=60

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LFTimeOut=60 MSTimeOut=600 OPFTimeOut=600 RATimeOut=60 SCTimeOut=60 TSTimeOut=600 TS_Flag1=0 If entry is set to zero (default) the ETAP Transient Stability Module uses the frequency dependent model for the induction machines and calculates bus frequency based on weighted machine speed. If this entry is set to 1, the ETAP Transient Stability Module uses a non-frequency dependent model for induction machines and bus frequency is calculated based on bus voltage phase angle.

tsSVCInitialLoadFlowMethod=1 If this parameter is set to 1, which is set by default, Transient Stability program will employ a method to automatically adjust SVC reference voltage (Vref) to achieve the best possible voltage regulation by SVC during the initial load flow solution. If this parameter is set to 0, Transient Stability program will keep SVC reference voltage (Vref) to the editor defined value during the initial load flow solution. Depending on the system configurations and SVC locations and parameters, the automatically adjusting Vref method sometimes may experience difficulty in initial load flow convergence. When this occurs, the parameter can be set to 0.

UseWeightedFrequency=1 The default setting for this field in the ini file is UseWeightedFrequency =1. This ini entry is used for Transient Stability to select Use Weighted Machine Frequency. To change Synchronous Machine Damping to Use Nominal System Frequency set the ini entry UseWeightedFrequency =0. The system frequency will affect the synchronous machine damping effect.

UGS MaxX=10000 UGS MaxY=10000 These values determine the maximum size of the Underground Raceway System (UGS). These values can range from 5000 to 50000. However, this value should be altered only on Windows 2000 or NT since Win 98 or Me do not have enough resources.

UseAH_AmpCurve=1 This entry determines the type of battery characteristic curves used for battery sizing and discharge calculations. The battery characteristic curves entered in the Battery Library describe the relationship between the discharging current and the time of the discharging with respect to a certain cell voltage, referred to as the Time-Amp curve. If this entry is set to 1, the Time-Amp curve is converted to an AHAmp curve and then used in the calculation; otherwise the Time-Amp curve is used in the calculation.

UserDefinedCfFactor=1.5 Placing this entry below the [ETAP PowerStation] header section of the ETAPS.INI file allows the modification of the correction factor used to calculate the incident energy for low voltage equipment configurations. If this entry is not present in the INI file, keeps the Cf value used as 1.5 (per IEEE 1584 2002). The Cf value is modified using the value entered into this INI entry.

UTAmpAccelFactor=0.7

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This parameter is used in the Uniform-Temperature Ampacity calculation in the Underground Raceway System (UGS). The allowable range is 0.0 to 2.0. The value can be set higher than the default setting of 0.7 to speed up the calculation; however, the calculation may diverge.

UpdateConnections=0 If set to 1, ETAP will automatically update the connections for all of the elements in the project database every time the project database is saved.

VoltageAnnotation orientation=15 These values determine the slope for display of annotation results for bus voltages. Some video cards may not be able to draw the rotated annotations used by ETAP. If this is the case at your site, set the orientation entries to 0.

Message Log The following entries are related to the ETAP message log. Max Display Msgs=255 ETAP’s message log, displayed within ETAP, shows up to 255 messages. The maximum value that can be entered is 16384. MsgLogInitialSize=12 This entry sets the initial height of the log window displayed at the bottom of the screen in logical units. ETAP will save the height of the log window into this entry during the shutdown process.

MsgLog Size=128 ETAP maintains a text message log on disk that records all messages sent to the message log. This file is named “~msglog.tmp.” ETAP maintains the last completed messages up to the maximum file size as set by this INI file entry. The size of the message log files is in kilobytes, i.e., 128 is 128 kb. Setting MsgLogSize=0 will disable message text logging. The maximum size you can set for the message.log file is 1024 kb.

Bus and Node Drawing and Printing The following entries are related to the width of a vertical bus, or height of a horizontal bus, and diameter of the nodes. These entries will define how the bus and the node are printed. INI Entry Print Bus Substitutes

Default value 0

Bus 1 Print Bus 2 Print Bus 3 Print Bus 4 Print Bus 5 Print

0 0 0 0 0

Print Node Substitutes

0

Node 1 Print Node 2 Print Node 3 Print Node 4 Print

0 0 0 0

ETAP

Valid values and notes Not limited. This enables the use of the following entries if non-zero. 0-5. Disabled if 0 0-5. Disabled if 0 0-5. Disabled if 0 0-5. Disabled if 0 0-5. Disabled if 0 Not limited. This enables the user of the following entries if non-zero. 0-5. Disabled if 0 0-5. Disabled if 0 0-5. Disabled if 0 0-5. Disabled if 0

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Node 5 Print

0

0-5. Disabled if 0

These INI entries allow the user to over-ride the automatic selection provided by the tables in the following manner. If the Print Bus Substitutes, or Print Node Substitutes entry is non-zero, the print draw routines consult the appropriate Bus n Print, or Node n Print (n stands for the symbol size). If the Bus n Print, or Node n Print, value is 0, that entry is disabled and the standard table look-up is used. If that value is 1-5, ETAP treats the bus, or node, as using the symbol size specified by value. For example, if the Print Node Substitutes is set to 1, ETAP will retrieve the values from Node 1 Print …. Node 5 Print as each node of the specific symbol size is printed. If Node 1 Print is set to 5, all nodes of symbol size 1 are printed as if they were of symbol size 5. If Node 1 Print is set to 0, ETAP disregards the Node 1 Printing substitution and prints the node with its normal size (symbol size 1).

Print Gray Line=1 Some printers cannot print a gray line. Setting this value to 0 will cause the printer to print a black line instead of a gray line for de-energized connectors. Relax UGS Dumpster Controls=1 Relax OLD Dumpster Controls=1 The controlled dumpsters provide security for a password-protected ETAP project by prohibiting the deletion of elements on the dumpster unless the dumpster has been checked by the checker. Subsequent to normal operation, the checker is presented with the controlled dumpster to check. If the checker checks the dumpster, the dumpster may then be safely deleted by the engineer. This revision modifies the controlled dumpster logic in the following manner. When an element(s) is cut to the dumpster, the dumpster checks the element to determine if the “Checked by Name” is blank. If so, this is taken to indicate that the element is a newly created element that has never been seen by the checker. In such conditions, the element is placed on a non-controlled dumpster when it is deleted from the OLD or the Underground. When any elements are cut from the OLD, or UGS, the newly created dumpster must recursively check all elements involved in the cut to determine if there is any element that has been previously seen by the checker. If so, the dumpster is designated a controlled dumpster and the normal checker controls are applied. If the recursive check passes, the dumpster is left in an un-controlled state. Recursively checking the elements means that the dumpster must check every element, not only on the OLD, but in any nested composites regardless of depth. This same logic applies to the UGS. The two INI entries are established to over-ride this behavior. Both entries default to 1, which implements the revised behavior. Changing the entry to a 0 causes the dumpster to ignore the revised logic (uses the old behavior). PanelSystemLFMaxIteration=200 This entry gives maximum number of iterations for panel system load flow calculation. PanelSystemLFPrecision=0.00001 This entry gives the precision value for checking panel system load flow convergence. The precision is applied on bus per unit voltage values.

Name

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Int Float

200 .00001

.0000001

.001

ConvertToMSAccess2000Format=1 Due to support of the features available later to the international version, ETAP needs to convert the project databases (*.MDB, *.GRD, and *.CPX files in the current project location) to the format of the database engine (Jet engine) used in the Microsoft ACCESS 2000 program. Setting this value to 0 will cause ETAP to skip the conversion. The default setting for this entry is 1. AutoConversion = 0 Setting this value to 0 will cause ETAP to ask for user permission to convert the project databases (*.MDB, *.GRD, and *.CPX files in the current project location) each time ETAP opens a project. Set this value to 1 means ETAP will no longer ask for permission to convert. The permission to convert the project databases itself is based on the setting in the entry "ConvertToMSAccess2000Format". The default setting is 0. CompactDBIni = 1 The value of this setting determines the value of the checkbox "Compact Database When Saving" in the Logon dialog when opening the next project. Upon closing the current project, ETAP will update this setting in the configuration file (ETAPS.INI). The default value is 1.

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[AppVariables] DefaultStandard=English ETAP uses English units as a default for all new projects created. This may be changed to metric by replacing ‘English’ with ‘Metric.’

LastLibrarySubDir=C:\etaps\powerstn\lib ETAP stores the location of the library file associated with a project.

LastProject=C:\etaps\powerstn\example\example.oti ETAP stores the name of the last project opened.

LastSubDir=C:\etaps\powerstn\example ETAP stores the location of the last project opened.

Project Default Path=C:\etaps\powerstn ETAP will use its own directory as the default project path unless this entry is placed into the ETAPS.INI file. The ETAP default path is C:\etaps\powerstn if ETAP is installed using default settings. For example, if you set: Project Default Path=D:\temp\testproj, then a new ETAP project named userproj will have a folder created with the name of the project. ETAP will store all associated project files, output reports, plots, etc. in the subdirectory shown: Project Default Path=D:\temp\testproj\userproj

KeyAdapter=U Use this entry if you are using an USB Key. KeyAdapter=P Use this entry when using a Parallel port key. This is the default configuration. KeyAdapter=S[, [COMx][, [nnnn]]] 1. COMx means COM1, COM2, COM3 or COM4. Default is COM1 if it is not provided. 2. nnnn means bauds rate. Default is 9600 if it is not given. 3. For Example, KeyAdapter=S, or KeyAdapter=S, COM2, 9600

License Manager Server Two options are available for the licensing of ETAP. The primary option utilizes Microsoft Name Pipes (text names for PC’s). The secondary option is direct TCP/IP communication where the Name Pipe service is not available, for example, Novell networks. The Named Pipe License Manager is named ETAPSLM.exe. The TCP/IP License Manager is named ETAPSLMT.exe. ETAPSLMT and ETAPSLM cannot run simultaneously on the same License Manager Server.

LM Port= LM Port=

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specifies the port number that ETAP uses to communicate with the TCP/IP server. If this entry does not exist, the port number defaults to 6260. However, this can be configured by modifying the following registry entry: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Operation Technology, Inc.\LM\Port

LM Server= LM Server= This entry identifies the location of the License Manager Server where the ETAP License Manager and network hardware key are installed. Default is blank. This entry is required if you are using a network hardware key for simultaneous usage of ETAP, i.e., this entry is not required if you have a stand-alone license. When LM Server= is available, ETAP will ignore the values of , , and . In such a case, Named Pipes are used for communications. When does not exist, ETAP will find the value of and try to connect to it. If is also missing, ETAP seeks to connect to the server with IP Address found in . In the event when none of , , and exist, ETAP will try local license authentication.

LM Server IP= LM Server IP= allows the user to enter the License Manager Server’s IP address when is not available. This entry can only be made if the Server is using a fixed IP address.

LM TCP Server= LM TCP Server= indicates the License Manager Server’s TCP/IP address. The name is resolved to an IP address using any available Domain Name Service (DNS) or the HOSTS file can be used to point to a fixed IP address.

CD Key=XXX-YYY-ZZZ ETAP automatically creates this entry when you enter the Activation Code provided with your ETAP CD-ROM. This sequence of letters and numbers needs to match with your company’s specific license. This sequence changes with each major release.

LM Server=lm LM TCP Server=tcplm.oti.com LM Server IP=10.10.10.191 LM Port=5000 Specifies that the host lm will be used as License Manager through Named Pipes. All TCP/IP entries are ignored.

LM Server IP=10.10.10.191

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Specifies that the host with IP address 10.10.10.191 will be used as License Manager through TCP/IP via default port number 6260.

LM TCP Server=tcplm.oti.com LM Server IP=10.10.10.191 LM Port=5000 Specifies that the host tcplm.oti.com will be used as License Manager through TCP/IP via port number 5000.

ReportProcessor=C:\program files\Microsoft Office\Office\Winword.exe ETAP uses Notepad by default to view the output report of calculations. You can change this entry to use your preferred viewer. In most cases, you must enter the fully qualified path and application name as shown above for Microsoft Word.

%N=String Enter a customized macro (string) to be used within the ETAP INI file. You can set up to 10 macros (%0, %1…%9). The following is a list of macros available for use within the ETAP INI file: %o %p %d

ODBC connect string including the path and name of the project source database Fully qualified path (path+project name) of the currently open ETAP Project Path of the currently open ETAP Project

Note that macros can only be used for arguments for the Tool entry. In all cases, the trailing \ is not provided by macro expansion. Expansion does wrap the appropriate phrases in "" to allow for long filenames and spaces, etc. ETAP provides a mechanism allowing you to define external programs (external tools) in the ETAPS.INI file. ETAP lists external programs on its Tools menu bar allowing you to launch and execute the external programs. You may define up to 20 external programs (menu entries). You can define each external program’s menu entry in ETAP, the name and location where the program resides, and arguments to be passed. Overall, this mechanism provides a flexible interface to external programs from ETAP. Tool1=text|path|argument1|argument2|argument3|argument4 Tool1 Up to 20 external tools (Tool1, Tool2, Tool20) text Text to be displayed in ETAP submenu “Tools” path Fully qualified path (path + program name) of the external program argument Arguments to be passed to the external program Macros may be entered into the path and arguments (argument 1, argument 2 etc.). The macros are expanded when the tool is invoked according to the following rules: MACRO %p %d

ETAP

expansion expands to the fully qualified project path and project name e.g. -f%p.MDB expands to -fD:\fullProjDir\ProjName.MDB expands to the fully qualified project path e.g. |%d\pdconfig.exe|... expands to d:\FullProjDir\pdconfig.exe

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ETAPS.INI expands to the full ODBC connect string which would be utilized to allow an external program to make an ODBC connection to the project database.

%0...%9 expands to the contents of ETAPS.INI entry 0...9 as defined in the ETAPS.INI [AppVariables] 0=string0 1=string1 ... 9=string9 In all cases, the trailing \ is not provided by macro expansion Expansion does wrap the appropriate phrases in "" Using Tools examples:

Start Microsoft Word from ETAP: Tool1=MS Word| C:\program files\Microsoft Office\Office\Winword.exe

Launch “PDConfig” as an external tool within ETAP: Tool2=Configuration Report|C:\ETAPS\PowerStn\PDConfig.exe|%o|C:\etaps\powerstn\target.mdb PDConfig is an external program that creates an MS Access database that contains the status of all protective devices, motors, and loads for each Configuration Status you have defined. In this example, PDConfig.exe requires an argument for the ETAP project file (including ODBC connect string) and an argument for the target file where the results are saved. Macros may be used to simplify the entries. Tool2=Config Tables|C:\ETAPS\PowerStn\PDConfig.exe|%o|%d\Target.mdb Oracle database users have three additional entries in the INI file. These entries store the name, user ID, and password of the associated Oracle database. ORACLE Database=MyOracleDB Name of the Oracle database (default ‘2:’ for local Oracle) ORACLE UserID=MyOracleID Oracle user ID (default ‘SCOTT’ for local Oracle) ORACLE UserPassword=MyPassword Oracle user valid password (default ‘TIGER’ for local Oracle) Wizard Path=""

This entry defaults to "". Typically, the ETAP Wizard is located in the ETAP directory and ETAP directory is used if the Wizard Path entry is blank (its default). If you want to relocate the ETAP Wizard to another directory, set Wizard Path="d:\someotherDirectory" where d:\someotherDirectory is the directory where you want to place the ETAP Wizard file.

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[Colors] Refer to the Theme Manager for details on using colors for the one-line diagram.

[Recent File List] ETAP stores the last nine ETAP project names and locations for easy access directly from the File Menu inside ETAP. File1=C:\etaps\powerstn\example\example.oti File2= C:\etaps\powerstn\sample\sample.oti File3= C:\etaps\powerstn\userproj\userproj.oti File4= C:\temp\example\example.oti File5= D:\powerstn\example\example.oti File6= D:\powerstn\sample\sample.oti File7= D:\powerstn\userproj\userproj.oti File8=D:\temp\projfile\sample\sample.oti File9= D:\temp\projfile\example\example.oti

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Chapter 5 Database and Project Management ETAP organizes an electrical system into a single project. Within this project, ETAP creates three major system components:

Presentation - Unlimited, independent graphical presentations of the one-line diagram that represent design data for any purpose (such as impedance diagram, study results, or plot plan). Configuration - Unlimited, independent system configurations that identify the status of switching devices (open and closed), motors and loads (continuous, intermittent, and spare), Generator Operating Modes (swing, voltage control, reactive power control, power factor control) and MOVs (open, closed, throttling, and spare). Revision Data - Base Data and unlimited Revision Data IDs that keep track of the changes and modifications to the engineering properties (for example, nameplate or settings) of elements. These three system components are organized in an orthogonal fashion to provide great power and flexibility in constructing and manipulating your ETAP project. Using this concept of Presentation, Status Configuration, and Revision Data, you can create numerous combinations of networks of diverse configurations and varying engineering properties that allow you to fully investigate and study the behavior and characteristics of the electrical networks using one database. This means that you do not need to copy your database for different system configurations, “What If” studies, etc. ETAP relies on a three-dimensional database concept to implement all Presentations, Configurations, and Base and Revision Data. The use of this multi-dimensional database concept allows you to independently select a particular Presentation, Configuration Status, or Revision Data within the same project database. These selections can be used in conjunction with multiple loading categories and multiple Study Cases to quickly and efficiently perform system design and analysis, while avoiding inadvertent data discrepancies created when multiple copies of a single project file are used to maintain a record of various system changes.

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