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IT BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT THROUGH DEMAND SIDE IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR. Dr. Inamdar H. P*.

Mr. Hasabe R.P.**

Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, Maharashtra.

Abstract: Every year, the demand of electricity is increasing by 6-8 per cent, while production is not increasing in the same ratio. Due to this reason, the gap between demand and supply is constantly increasing. To reduce this gap, there are two alternative ways: one is to generate more electricity, which requires huge investment and second is to conserve the electricity from utility side that is Demand side. The generation capacity in our country is around 1,05,000 MW, but due to inefficiency of power system, lack of advanced meters at various stages viz. generation, transmission and distribution, about 40 percent of energy is wasted. Therefore, there is urgent need to improve the efficiency of the power system from generating point to consumer end to reduce this wastage of energy. Simultaneously, it is required to give an attention for conservation of energy at all levels, otherwise our country may lag behind. The Demand Side Management is a strong tool for Energy Management and Conservation in industries. For effective energy management and conservation, IT based Energy Auditing is employed, where-in computers are used for data storage and display. By connecting clampon meters with computers, it is possible to have data management, network communication, remote monitoring, report formats, harmonics data analysis etc. This paper explains how conservation and management of electrical energy can be made possible by using computers and advanced metering technologies in industrial sector. Index Terms: -Demand side management, Time-of-Day tariffs, File transfers Port, Energy Saving Company Organization. *Dr.Inamdar H.P. Professor of Electrical Engineering Dept. **Hasabe R.P. Lecturer of Electrical Engineering Dept. W.C.E. SANGLI. 1. Introduction

Energy conservation means using energy more efficiently and effectively by reducing wastages of energy. For making energy conservation effective, Energy audit is basic tool. Auditing is the process to identify the wastages of energy without in any way affecting productivity and growth rate. In conservation process usually new investment are required such as replacement of old inefficient equipments to new one. It can be made successful by planning maximum energy efficiency and maximum cost effectives. Though energy conservation 15 to 25% of total energy can be saved in various sectors such as Agricultarture, industry etc. This paper explains the different case studies and how conservation and management of electrical energy is possible by using Information Technology. 1.1 The Energy Scenario in India: With the growth of economy since independence, the country’s power requirement has grown substantially. India today faces a peak shortage of about 11-18% and an energy shortage of about 7-11%. India has a rapidly growing economy and projected economic growth (@6.4%) will necessiate corresponding growth in energy requirements. The Govt. of India has ambitious plans to achieve an addition of about 95,000 MW of new power generation capacity by 2012 to meet the current shortfall and also to achieve the projected growth targets during 10th and 11th Five Years plans. It is estimated that the addition of new capacity will require at least Rs.80 Million/MW for generation plant cost as well as associated T and D network cost. In India, electric energy consumption for different sectors is as follows– 1)Industrial: 47% 2) Domestic and commercial: 10% 3) Agriculture: 5% 4) Transport: 24% 5)Others: 14% 2. Objectives of Energy Management: Energy management is the judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits and enhance competitive positions. Some desirable

objectives of energy management programs include -Conserving energy, thereby reducing costs. Cultivating good communications on energy matters. Developing and maintaining effective monitoring, reporting and management strategies for wise energy usage. Finding new and better ways to increase returns from energy management programme from all employees. Reducing the impacts of curtailments, brownouts or any interruption in energy supplies. 3.Barriers for Energy Efficiency and Conservation Sector: Following are the reason of barriers for energy Efficiency. (1) Inefficient pricing of energy which results in inefficient use (free or highly concessional power results in more wastage due to less motivation to save) (2) Short term perspective of industries (viz. little interest in investing in Energy Efficiency measures to cut the input costs for long term survival) (3) Absence of larger players in ESCO industry (unlike USE or Canada, where ESCOs have undertaken very large value energy saving projects) (4) No Time Of Day based tariff mechanism (higher tariff for peak period) in most of the states. (5) Lack of medium term loan and leasing facilities for energy saving products and devices. (6) Lack of awareness among energy end-users (7) Obsolete energy consumption standard (no periodic revisions, labeling is not yet compulsory) (8) No indigenous R and D efforts for energy efficient technologies. 3.1 Institutional i) Poor information about and lack of experience in the energy sector. ii) Ignorance of what is available in terms of technology and know-how to promote efficiency and proper maintenance. iii) Bias in favour of encouraging energy provision and usages without similar bias towards efficiency. iv) Unwillingness to press for full-cost pricing in developing countries usually for understandable social and political reasons. v) Opposition from politicians and public revenue officials to the imposition of

earmarked taxes to promote energy efficiency. vi) Poor linkages between utilities and users and between purchasers and users. vii) Intellectual property rights, which are intended to reflect the efforts and costs put into developing new ideas, products and processes. Unwillingness to promote public information campaigns. 3.2 Financial and Economic: Following are the reason of barriers for energy Efficiency. (1) Difficulty in identifying and calculating savings with precision. Value of, and returns on, existing assets. (2) Financial accounting and budgeting methods. (3) Low energy prices, subsidies which encourage marginal demand at minimal cost. (4) Threshold level of energy and cost savings (below which investments do not seem worth making).(5) Perceived high capital cost of energy efficient technologies as a barrier for poor, heavily indebted countries. 3.3 Technical Following are the technical reason of barriers for energy Efficiency. (1) Non-availability of more advanced technology. (2)Non-availability of new materials and other substitutes.(3) Infrastructure limitations. (4) Cultural norms. (5) Tendency towards over sizing/low capacity utilization. (6) Lack of research, development and demonstration. (7) Lack of technical and managerial expertise. Poor maintenance and lack of spare parts. 4. Case Study Name and Address: M/S Shivshakti Cold Storage, G- 3/C, MIDC Kupwad, Tal. – Miraj, Dist.- Sangli. Ph. No.: (0233) 2645655. Nature of Work: Cold storage Monthly Electricity : 8,372 KWh. Consumption (Average) Monthly Electricity: Rs. 39,198/Expenses (Average) Connected Load (KW) : 115.00 Sanctioned Load (KW) : 115.00 Contract Demand (KVA) : 75.00 Sanctioned Demand (KVA): 75.00 Working Hours : 24 hrs. No. of working days : 365 days

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Fig.2: Monthly variation of PF incentive 4.1 Analysis : From the survey done at Shivshakti cold storage, it has been observed that the existing lighting load employs a good quality slim tube

lights, (36W). Hence, no recommendation is necessary for lighting load. As the cold storage plant is required to be operated 24 Hrs. hence, question of load shifting does not arise. Due to this change in TOD tariff zone is also not recommended. 4.2 Power Factor Compensation: By studying the electricity consumption pattern it is seen that the power factor is maintained at a good level i.e. it is 0.92. But, this PF is not sufficient to get the PF incentive from MSEB. To get PF incentive, the PF must be maintained above 0.95. In order to maintain the PF above 0.95 improvement in capacitor bank is recommended. The capacitors required for PF improvement in order to get PF incentive can be calculated from the general formula. KVAr == 5.6 KVAr The nearest standard value of capacitors is 5 KVAr. Hence, additional 5 KVAr capacitor is recommended so as to make the PF to unity.Then the total capacity of APFC panel will become to 45 KVAr. 5. Proposed It Based Energy Auditing And Energy Management It is necessary that the customer has to be made aware of various useful information such as different DSM tools, power factor of industry, different data, peak load etc. Hence it is proposed to implement IT based Energy Auditing and Energy Management programmes and hence to connect computer with various kinds of power meters, to collect and analyze the appropriate data and to send the information to the customer or energy manager through email or SMS to that industry. The IT-based Energy Auditing and Energy Management on Demand Side consists of the following. (I) Data Measurement. (II) Data Analysis Program. (III) Advanced Data Management. (IV) Network Communication. 5.1 Advanced data management The available graphs and tables can be sent to the industry to take corrective action. This

data is sent using data communication as shown in figure 3.

arrangement figure 4, Energy Auditor can also be collect data from different three locations by using measurement instruments M/C1, M/C2, & M/C3. The alarms from Model MV (Software device) can be sent to PC as E-mail. Also Internet Browser on PC can monitor Model MV.

Figure 3 Advanced data management From such type of arrangement, the data is directly available on PC. Customers can connect power meter to a PC through dedicated cable. A printer can be connected through cable to print measurement data. If customer has a media reader connected to PC, measurement data and settings can be uploaded directly to a PC from CF pack. Thus, in industry if load is increased above maximum demand, or power factor is changed from desired value, or if harmonics are present, then energy auditor or customer can easily know the data and its variation, and can easily take corrective action. Thus, energy utilization will be made proper and demand side energy management can be achieved. 5.2 Network Communication Figure 4. shows an arrangement for Network Communication. From this arrangement, Data collection, Data Management, WEB function, e-mail alarm function, FTP functions are possible. In WEB function mode, one can monitor Internet Browser on PC. The alarm from this system can be sent to PC as an e-mail. In this arrangement, one can send data as a file to PC by using FTP function. In this

M/C1

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Measuring Instruments Figure 4 Network Communications For today’s Networked-data environment, the MobileCorder is an innovative paperless recorder designed and with a wide-viewingangle TFT colors display, Ethernet port, and removable storage media (floppy disks, PCMCIA and ATA flash memory cards, and Zip disks). This data logger can be used as a standalone unit or in a networked environment. Meter screen data can be displayed on a www browser (Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0/5.5). When screen auto-update mode is selected on the browser, the screen on the browser is automatically updated every 30 seconds. The user can also change the screen display type (trend display, digital display, bar graph display, historical trend display, etc.) and display groups, and enter messages through the

browser. The Web server function makes it easy to set up a remote monitoring environment with zero startup costs. Thus, from this arrangement information regarding different instantaneous values, of energy can be saved. Important SMS, e-mail can be sent to industry customer. If one wishes to exchange data between remote LANs (such as between a main-office LAN and a laboratory LAN), one can connect them through a PSTN line or leased line to form a WAN as shown in figure.5 This arrangement can transmit the data such as, alarm notification messages, power-restoration messages following an outage, memory-full messages, storage-media-full messages, periodic instantaneous values, report data, and other information. Multiple recipients can also be registered. When connected to the Internet, this system can send e-mail anywhere in the world. An e-mail-capable cellular phone can be used to receive instantaneous remote notification of alarms.

Figure 5 Wan connection

Figure 6 Total System Connections Figure 6 shows all connection of system components. One format of SMS is also shown in figure.7 From all above information industry people obtain smoother loads and save energy.

Figure 7 A typical Received e-mail 6 Conclusion The solution of energy conservation and cost reduction can be summarised as , Obtaining load curves smoother, Review of contract demand and Monitoring to prevent excessive demand power are the keys for Energy conservation and cost reduction. These are achieved effectively through IT based Energy Auditing and Energy Management through demand side. Due to its implementation it is observed that there is much saving in the wastage of electricity and thereby the reduction in monthly bill of industry. The extra cost for the instrumentation will be recovered within a short period. Hence it is suggested that IT based Energy Auditing and Energy Management through demand side in the industrial sector be implemented at the earliest. 7. References 1. Proceedings of International seminar on ‘Energy Audit & Conservation’ of IEEMA, Mumbai, 2001. 2. Shankar Lal ‘Energy Efficiency & Conservation – Indian Perspective’ IREDA News, Dated 20th June 2003. 3. Pabla A. S. ‘Electrical Power Systems Planning’ Mc-Milan India Limited, New Delhi, 1998.

4. Paul O Callaghan ‘A comprehensive guide to reducing cost by efficient energy use’ Mc-Graw Hill Book Company, London, 1993. 5. Albert Thuman P. E. ‘Plant Engineers &Managers Guide to Energy Conservation’ Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1977. 6. B. N. Raval ‘GEB’s efforts towards energy conservation through DSM’ G. S. E. B. Baroda. 7. K. R. Kulkarni, S. D. Inamdar, V. L. Sonavane ‘DSM & Energy Audit – Future thrust areas in distribution system’ M. S. E. B. Mumbai. 8. Rangan Banerjee, Jyoti Parikh ‘Planning for Demand Side Management in the Electricity Sector’ Tata Mc-Graw Hill Book Company, New Delhi, 1994. 9. ‘Industrial Electricity Supply Systems’ Practical Energy Audit Manual by Tata Energy Research