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STAGE

4

Disaster! Mary McIntosh

Introduction

This ungraded summary is for the teacher’s use only and should not be given to students.

Chapter Summary 1 Natural disasters Chapter 1.1 (Vesuvius) looks at the eruptions in AD 79 of the volcano Vesuvius near Naples, Italy. The first eruption covered the town of Pompeii with ash and stones killing around 2,000 people. On the second day a river of hot ash and mud also covered the small town

Bhopal in 1984. On the night of 1 December a lethal

of Herculaneum. Both towns have been perfectly

gas accidentally escaped from the factory and spread

preserved and have revealed many aspects of Roman

silently over the city. Hundreds of people died in their

life nearly 2,000 years ago.

sleep and other victims rushed to the nearby hospital

Chapter 1.2 (Earthquakes) describes the worst earthquake

disaster

of

the

twentieth

with burning eyes and breathing difficulties. Between

century

5,000 and 15,000 people died in this disaster and at

in Tangshan, China in 1976. The first earthquake

least 40,000 suffered serious illnesses as a result.

measured 8.2 on the Richter scale and together with a

Chapter 2.4 (Challenger and Columbia) covers the

second earthquake, is believed to have killed up to half

two American space shuttle disasters. On 27 January

a million people. The Japanese city of Kobe was also

1986, the shuttle Challenger took off with six scientists

hit by a serious earthquake in 1995. Although many

and an ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, on board.

Japanese houses are built to withstand earthquakes,

A short time after take-off the shuttle exploded and all

this disaster completely destroyed many buildings in

the crew died. In a further tragedy, the seven person

the city and killed 6,000 people.

crew of the Columbia died in 2003 when their shuttle

Chapter 1.3 (The Asian tsunami) looks at the tsunami

exploded on its approach back to Earth.

caused by an earthquake under the Indian Ocean on

Chapter 2.5 (The Exxon Valdez) describes the

26 December 2004. After several hours, huge waves

environmental disaster which occurred when the oil

started to hit the coasts of Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka

tanker the Exxon Valdez hit rocks off the coast of Alaska.

and India without warning. Hundreds of thousands of

Over 50 million litres of oil flowed into the sea killing

people died and millions lost their homes.

millions of fish and devastating the local economy.

Chapter 1.4 (Hurricane Katrina) covers the New

Chapter 2.6 (Chernobyl) outlines the disaster at the

Orleans flooding disaster. In August 2005, Hurricane

Chernobyl nuclear power station in the Ukraine. On 25

Katrina destroyed three of the levees (walls) which

April 1986, scientists accidentally caused an explosion

protect the low-lying city of New Orleans. Over 80 per

in one of the reactors which led to a massive fire and

cent of the city was flooded and 1,836 people died.

the release of huge amounts of radiation.

2 Human error

3 Disease

Chapter 2.1 (The Great Fire of London) looks at the

Chapter 3.1 (Eyam and the plague) tells the story of

London fire of 1666, which burned for several days

the inhabitants of Eyam, a village in England. In 1665,

destroying around 13,000 houses and 87 churches.

the deadly plague reached the village. However, the

The fire had important results: many disease-carrying

inhabitants cut themselves off from the outside world

rats were killed and new healthier houses were built.

and stopped the spread of the disease.

Chapter 2.2 (The Titanic) tells the story of the

Chapter 3.2 (HIV/Aids – a modern plague) describes

maiden voyage of the Titanic which, on the night of

the tragedy of this disease. In 2007, it affected about

14 April 1912, hit an iceberg and started to sink. Over

40 million people around the world. The disease is

1,500 people died in the icy waters of the Atlantic.

a particularly serious problem in Africa, where large

Chapter 2.3 (Bhopal) describes the chemical leak

numbers of children are now left without parents.

at the Union Carbide factory in the Indian city of

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© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

STAGE

4

Disaster! Pre-reading activity Crossword 1

2

3

4

5 6

7

8 9 10

11 12

13

14

15 16

Down: 2 when a lot of water covers somewhere that is usually dry 3 a sudden violent shaking of the earth’s surface; buildings can fall down when this happens 4 a large building used for producing nuclear energy 6 a small animal with a long tail; it is like a large mouse 7 a very large piece of ice in the sea 11 all the people who work on a plane or ship 14 the place beyond the Earth where the planets and stars are

Across: 1 to be badly affected by pain, sadness or disease 5 the grey powder that remains after a fire 8 a person who works and travels in space 9 very big 10 a kind of small house made of cloth; you use this when you go camping 12 wet earth that is soft and sticky 13 to save somebody from danger 15 a deep hole in the ground from which people get water 16 a very big sea

To the teacher Aim: To introduce key vocabulary

with another pair to compare and share answers. Go

Time: 40–45 minutes

through the answers as a class and check the meaning

Organization: Give one copy of the worksheet to each

of each word.

pair of students. Ask them to work together to complete

Key: Across: 1 suffer, 5 ash, 8 astronaut, 9 huge, 10 tent,

the crossword. Some of the words come from the

12 mud, 13 rescue, 15 well, 16 ocean.

glossary of the book and students could refer to this if

Down: 2 flood, 3 earthquake, 4 reactor, 6 rat, 7 iceberg,

necessary. When the class has completed as much of

11 crew, 14 space.

the crossword as possible, students could join together PHOTOCOPIABLE

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

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STAGE

4

Disaster! While reading activity Prediction – What, where and when?

Look at the types of disaster, the places and the dates below. Write them in the grid next to the correct chapter title. WHAT HAPPENED

WHERE

WHEN

The Great Fire of London The Titanic

Bhopal Challenger and Columbia The Exxon Valdez

Chernobyl What happened: an oil spill from a tanker, a huge fire in a city, a deadly gas escape at night, a fire at a nuclear power station, a ship sinking in icy waters, a sudden explosion on a space shuttle Where: India, Alaska, England, the Ukraine, the Atlantic, above the Earth When: 1666, 1912, 1984, 1986, 1986, 1989, 2003 To the teacher Where: Before chapter 2.1

the phrases next to the correct disaster in the ‘what

Aim: To encourage students to predict key information

happened’ column. Students repeat for ‘where’ and

in chapters 2.1 – 2.6

‘when’. Conduct feedback as a class. Encourage students

Time: 30–40 minutes

to give further information about the disasters.

Organization: Tell students they are going to read

Key: the Great Fire of London – a huge fire in a city,

the section of the book about disasters caused by

England, 1666; The Titanic – a ship sinking in icy

human error. Ask if they know any examples of such

waters, the Atlantic, 1912; Bhopal – a deadly gas escape

disasters. Then put students into pairs with a copy of

at night, India, 1984; Challenger and Columbia – a

the worksheet. Ask them to look at the chapter titles

sudden explosion on a space shuttle, above the Earth,

on the left of the grid and share with their partner any

1986 and 2003; The Exxon Valdez – an oil spill from

information that they might know about the disasters.

a tanker, Alaska, 1989; Chernobyl – a fire at a nuclear

Then go through the ‘what happened’ list below the grid

power station, the Ukraine, 1986.

and check any unknown words. Ask students to write

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© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PHOTOCOPIABLE

STAGE

4

Disaster! After reading activity Writing a newspaper article

Choose one of the disaster stories from the book. Then make notes in the grid below to help you to plan and write a short newspaper article about the disaster. The article should be from the day after the events happened.

Information about the disaster Name of disaster Type of disaster Causes Country / city Date Time Number of victims Information about what happened in the disaster Rescue attempts

Useful language Look back at the chapter on the disaster you are writing about. Find more useful vocabulary and expressions. Add them to the grid below. Vocabulary

tragedy, disaster, victim, survivor … destroy, explode, rescue, survive …

Expressions

There are reports of a serious … in …. A huge … has hit the city of … The … started at … o’clock yesterday morning. It is estimated that … people have died. Thousands of … have also been destroyed. Rescue teams are currently trying to … Rescuers are concerned that … Survivors are now …

Possible headlines

Massive earthquake hits … Huge fire destroys … Hundreds believed dead in … tragedy

To the teacher Aim: To revise key elements of the disaster stories and

at the relevant chapter in the book and make notes in

enable students to practise writing a short text

the grid at the top of the sheet. Then go through the

Time: 50 minutes

vocabulary, expressions and possible headlines as a

Organization: Tell students they are going to write a

class. Encourage students to find more words and

short newspaper article about one of the disaster stories

expressions specific to their story and add them to the

from the book. The article will be written the day after

second grid. They must also write one or two possible

the disaster happened. Give a copy of the worksheet to

headlines. Students then write a first draft of their article

each student or pair of students. They must look back

in class and a final draft for homework.

PHOTOCOPIABLE

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

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