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Prefacio: Índice del Contenido La asignatura , es de naturaleza teórico - práctico. El contenido ha sido elaborado para orientar al uso de los diferentes aspectos en una proyectos de investigación e innovación tecnológica. Lo cual se aplica en el campo de la invetigacion en la empresa donde la búsqueda de profesionales con dichos conocimiento en esta materia es constante y muy bien remunerada. Propone desarrollar en el estudiante las competencias para comprender el fundamento y aplicación de las principales técnicas en el dominio del idioma extranjero Inglés.

Comprende cuatro capítulos:

•

CAPÍTULO I: Present Tense “DO YOU LIVE IN NEW YORK?”

Tiempo presente “¿VIVES EN NUEVA YORK? •

CAPITULO II: Past Tense “I Was In New York Last Year”

Tiempo pasado "Estuve en Nueva York el año pasado •

CAPITULO III: Future Tense “Future Tenses”

Tiempo Futuro "Tiempos Futuros" •

CAPÍTULO IV: Final Production “About Technology”

Producción final "Acerca de la tecnología

•

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I. PREFACIO

II. DESARROLLO DE LOS CONTENIDOS

CAPÍTULO I: Present

Tense “DO YOU LIVE IN NEW YORK?”

Tiempo presente “¿VIVES EN NUEVA YORK?

CAPÍTULO II: Past

Tense “I Was In New York Last Year”

Tiempo pasado "Estuve en Nueva York el año pasado

CAPÍTULO III: Future

Tense “Future Tenses”

Tiempo Futuro "Tiempos Futuros"

CAPÍTULO IV: Final

Production “About Technology”

Producción final "Acerca de la tecnología

III. TRABAJO PRÀCTICO

IV. FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN

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CAPITULO I:

PRESENT SIMPLE QUESTIONS: 1. Questions without question words in Simple Present

Preguntas sin palabras de pregunta en presente simple

Read=leer, books=libro,play=jugar, footbal=futbol Auxiliary

Subject

Verb

Rest

Yes/No

Subject

Auxiliary (+ n't)

Do

you

read

books?

Yes, No,

I I

do. don't.

Does

Peter

play

football?

Yes, No,

he he

does. doesn't.

2.-Questions with question words in Simple Present (Preguntas con palabras de pregunta en presente simple

Qué Cuando

Question word

Auxiliary

Subject

What

do

you

When

does

your mother

Where

do

you

hacer hace

tú jugar tu madre

Verb

Rest

Answer

on your computer?

I play games on my computer.

Go

to work?

She goes work at o'clock.

meet

your friends?

I meet them at the bus stop.

play

Ir

¿en tu ordenador? ¿trabajar?

to 6

Juego juegos en mi computadora. Ella va a trabajar a las 6 en punt

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EXERCISES Compelet with DO / DOES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

you like chocolate? Te gusta el chocolate he go to the beach very often? él va a la playa muy seguido we have any pens? tenemos plumas she know you? ella te conoce it close at 6.30 pm? cierra a las 6.30 pm? they smoke? ellos fuman I look funny in these jeans? Me veo gracioso en estos jeans? Bill and Anne like each other? ¿Bill y Anne se gustan? she speak German? ella habla alemán you want to go to the movies? quieres ir al cine

Yes, I si ,yo….. No he, no, el…. No, we Yes, she Yes, it No, they Yes, I Yes, they No, she No, I

el trabaja en el hospital Present Tense - Third Person (tiempo presente –tercera persona ) Normally in the present tense we add S to the end of the verb in the 3rd person (He, She, It). ( Normalmente en tiempo presente agregamos S al final del verbo en tercera persona ) Verb

3rd Person

Speak (hablar)

Speaks

Play (jugar)

Plays

Give(dar )

Gives

Make( hacer)

Makes

Melissa speaks three languages.(melissa habla tres idiomas ) A.-She drinks coffee every morning.(ella toma café todas las mañanas ) B.- My dog hates my cat. ( Mi perro odia al gato ) Irregular Verbs( verbos irregulares)If the verb ends in SS, X, CH, SH or the letter O, we add + ES in the third person. (Si el verbo termina en SS, X, CH, SH o la letra O, agregamos + ES en tercera persona.) Verb Kiss (BESO Fix (FIJAR Watch (RELOJ Crash (CHOKE) Go (IR)

3rd Person Kisses Fixes Watches Crashes Goes

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A. A mechanic fixes cars. (un mecanico para auto) B. She watches soap operas every afternoon.(ve telenovelas todas las tardes C. He kisses his wife before he goes to work.(vesa a su esposa antes de ir a trabajar

2. If the verb ends in a Consonant + Y, we remove the Y and + IES in the third person.(si el verbo termina en consonante+Y,eliminamos el Yy +IES,en tercera persona ) Verb

3rd Person

Carry(llevar )

Carries

Study(estudiar)

Studies

A. Isabel studies every night.(Isabel estudia todas las noches) B. The baby cries all the time.(El bebe llora todo el tiempo)

Negative Sentence To form the negative we use the auxiliary do not. Again, the only variation occurs in the 3rd person where we use does not. Para formar el negativo usamos el auxiliar no. Nuevamente, la única variación ocurre en la tercera persona donde usamos no.

Positive

Negative

I talk (yo hablo )

I do not talk (yo no hablo)

She talks (ella habla )

She does not talk (ella no habla)

You sleep (tu duermes )

You do not sleep (tu no duermes )

He sleeps (ella duerme)

He does not sleep

Carol studies (carol esudia)

Carol does not study

We study

We do not study

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

He speaks Italian



He doesn't speak Italian. (negative)= el no habla italiano

EXERCISES: 1. My brother

Mi hermano 2. Daniel 3. Jennifer

(affirmative) =el habla italiano

(speak) three languages fluently.

tres idioma con fluidez (watch) his favorite program every Saturday. Su programa favorito todos los sabados (wash) her hair every day. Su cabello todos los días

4. Ryan

(go) to church every Sunday.

5. My sister

(do) her homework after school.

6. My father

(not like) fast food.

7. My uncle

(not talk) much.

8.

(Sarah / want) to come with us?

9.

(Andre / enjoy) pop music?

10. Your baby

(cry) too much.

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Use of the Present Progressive

1. Use of the Present Progressive 1.1. actions happening at the moment of speakinghhhhhhhh Peter is reading a book now.ggggg 1.2. temporary actions I am working in Rome this month.

1.3. actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions) My friend is preparing for his exams.

2. Signal words 

now



at the moment



Look!



Listen!

3. Form to be (am, are, is) + Infinitiv + -ing

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4. GRAMMAR 4.1.-Affirmative sentences in the Present Progressive Oraciones afirmativas en el presente progresivo

Long forms( forma larga)

Contracted forms (forma contraída)

I am playing football Estoy jugando futbol.

I'm playing football Estoy jugando al futbol.

4.1. Negative sentences in the Present Progressive(oraciones negativas en el presente progresivo) Long forms

Contracted forms

I am not playing football. (yo no estoy jugando futbol)

I'm not playing football.

You're not playing football. You are not playing football. Tu no estas jugando futbol

You aren't playing football.

He's not playing football. He is not playing football. El no esta jugando futbol

He isn't playing football.

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4.2. Questions in the Present Progressive(preguntas en el presente progresivo)

Long forms

Contracted forms

Am I playing football? Yo estoy jugando futbol Are you playing football?

not possible

Tu estas jugando futbol?

Is he playing football?

MEN'S CLOTHES (ropa de hombre)

suit(s)

shirt(s)

tie(s)

WOMEN'S CLOTHES (ropa de mujer)

dress(es)

blouse(s)

skirt(s)

tanktop(s)=tanque

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UNI-SEX

coat(s)

jacket(s)

t-shirt(s)

pants

jeans

Shorts

sweatshirt(s) sweater

ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPORSES=ingles para proositos específicos) Translate this vocabulary to your own language: traduce este vocabulario a tu propio idioma ENGLISH ENGLISH ENGLISH SPANISH actualizar navegador UPDATE BROWSER Chorro de tinta Banda ancha INKJET BROADBAND Palabra clave WIRELESS ADAPTERS Adaptador inalambrico KEYWORD MODERADOR Atajo MODERATOR SHORTCUT degradar WEBMASTER DOWNGRADE buscaror Ancho de banda SEARCH ENGINE BAND WIDTH aleatorio mejorar RANDOM UPGRADE AVATAR SOFTWARE campo llave FIELD KEY HACKER SNIFFER codificar SCREENSHOT, SNAPSHOT Captura de pantalla ENCODE ,instantanea receptor

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Circuitos integrados

RECEIVER WIDGET PERFORMANCE HARDWARE

PLAY COMPRESS

juego

OVERHEAD, OVERLOAD

sobrecargar

comprimir

BACKUP

apoyo

WEBLOG SKIN WORD PROCESSOR

Procesador de texto

actuacion

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tiempo pasado CAPITULO II :

The past tense of To Be in English has two forms: WAS and WERE=el tiempo pasado de TO BE tienes dos formas

To Be - Affirmative Subject

To Be

Examples

I

was

I was tired this morning.(Estaba cansada esta mañana)

You

were

You were very good.

He

was

He was the best in his class.

She

was

She was late for work.

It

was

It was a sunny day.

We

were

We were at home.

You

were

You were on holiday.

They

were

They were happy with their test results. Estaba cansada esta mañana. Estuviste muy bien. Fue el mejor en su clase. Llegaba tarde al trabajo. Fue un dia soleado. Nosotros estábamos en casa. Estabas de vacaciones Estaban contentos con los resultados de sus pruebas

To Be - Negative Sentences The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb (was or were), also by joining the verb (was or were) and n't (e.g. were not = weren't). We don't make a contraction of the subject and the verb (e.g. I was).

Lo negativo de To Be se puede hacer agregando no después del verbo (was o were), también uniendo el verbo (was o were) y n't (por ejemplo, were no = weren't). No hacemos una contracción del sujeto y el verbo (por ejemplo, yo estaba).

I was not tired this morning. OR I wasn't tired this morning. You were not crazy.

OR You weren't crazy.

He was not married.

OR He wasn't married.

She was not famous.

OR She wasn't famous.

It was not hot yesterday.

OR It wasn't hot yesterday.

We were not invited.

OR We weren't invited.

You were not at the party.

OR You weren't at the party.

They were not friends.

OR They weren't friends.

Yo No estaba cansado esta mañana. Usted no estaba loco. El no estaba casado. Ella no era famosa. Ayer no hacía calor. No fuimos invitados. No estabas en la fiesta. No eran amigos 12

To Be - Questions To create questions with To Be, you put the Verb before the Subject. In spoken English, we usually give short answers in response to questions. Was he from Japan? - Yes, he was (from Japan). The last part (from Japan) is not necessary. We use shorts answers to avoid repetition, when the meaning is clear. Para crear preguntas con To Be, pones el Verbo antes del Asunto. En inglés hablado, generalmente damos respuestas cortas en respuesta a preguntas. ¿Era de Japón? - Sí, él era (de Japón). La última parte (de Japón) no es necesaria. Utilizamos respuestas cortas para evitar la repetición, cuando el significado es claro. Preguntas

respuestas cortas

respuestas cortas

Question

Short Answers**

Short Answers

Was I late?

Yes, you were.

No, you weren't.

Were you sick?

Yes, I was.

No, I wasn't.

Was he surprised?

Yes, he was.

No, he wasn't.

Was she from Italy? Yes, she was.

No, she wasn't.

Was it a big house? Yes, it was.

No, it wasn't.

Were we ready?

Yes, we were.

No, we weren't.

Were you early?

Yes, we were.

No, we weren't.

Were they busy?

Yes, they were.

No, they weren't.

** With To Be, We don't use contractions in affirmative short answers. ¿Llegué tarde? ¿Estuviste enfermo? ¿Estaba sorprendido? ¿Era ella de Italia? ¿Era una casa grande? ¿Estábamos listos? ¿Llegaste temprano? ¿Estaban ocupados?

Si tu fuiste Si lo estaba Si ,el era Si que estaba Si lo era Si ,estábamos

no ,no estabas no ,no lo estaba no ,no lo estaba no ,ella no estaba no ,no lo fue no ,no lo estabamos

Si ellos estaban

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1. I

happy.

2. You

angry.

3. She

in London last week.

4.

he on holiday?

5.

you at school?

6. You 7. They 8. The cat 9. The children 10. It 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

(not) at the cinema. (not) at home. on the roof. in the garden. (not) raining.

I ……………….feliz. Estás………….. enojado. Ella ... ……….en Londres la semana pasada. …………..él de vacaciones? …………….¿tú en la escuela? Tú………… (no) en el cine. Ellos……….. (no) en casa. El gato ………….en el techo. Los niños………… en el jardín. ……………………….(No)llueve

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Exercise: Was or Were? Complete the sentences with was or were. 11. I happy. 12. You

angry.

13. She

in London last week.

14.

he on holiday?

15.

you at school?

16. You 17. They 18. The cat

(not) at the cinema. (not) at home. on the roof.

19. The children 20. It

in the garden. (not) raining.

SIMPLE PAST - FORM

[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs Examples: 

You called Debbie.=Usted llamó a Debbie.



Did you call Debbie?= Llamaste a Debbie?



You did not call Debbie.= No llamaste a Debbie

Complete List of Simple Past Forms USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.(Use el Pasado simple para expresar la idea de que una acción comenzó y terminó en un momento específico en el pasado. A veces, el hablante puede no mencionar el tiempo específico, pero sí tiene un tiempo específico en mente.)

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Examples: 

I saw a movie yesterday.



I didn't see a play yesterday.



Last year, I traveled to Japan.



Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.



Did you have dinner last night?



She washed her car.



He didn't wash his car. USE 2 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:  I lived in Brazil for two years.  Shauna studied Japanese for five

years.  They sat at the beach all day.  They did not stay at the party the

entire time.  We talked on the phone for thirty

minutes.  A: How long did you wait for

them? B: We waited for one hour.

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EXERCISES: Complete using the verbs im past. 1. A: What (you, do)

when the accident occurred?

B: I (try)

to change a light bulb that had burnt out.

2. After I (find)

the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately) to the police and (turn) it in.

3. The doctor (say)

that Tom (be)

work and that he (need)

to stay at home for a couple of days.

4. Sebastian (arrive) she (be, not)

too sick to go to

at Susan's house a little before 9:00 PM, but there. She (study, at the library)

for

her final examination in French. 5. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch, also)

television. That's all she ever does!

6. A: I (call)

you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) there. Where were you?

B: I (work)

out at the fitness center.

7. When I (walk)

into the busy office, the secretary (talk) on the phone with a customer, several clerks (work, busily) at their desks, and two managers (discuss, quietly)

methods to improve customer service. 8. I (watch)

a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out.

Now I am never going to find out how the movie ends. 9. Sharon (be)

in the room when John told me what happened, but

she didn't hear anything because she (listen, not) 10.The Titanic (cross)

.

the Atlantic when it (strike)

an iceberg.

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READING N°1

An Evening Out (simple past, past continuous) Last night I went to Nathan Phillips Square at City Hall in Toronto. It was a beautiful summer evening. It was warm and sunny. Lots of people werethere because of the Pan Am games celebrations. I stood and watched the crowd. Many people were sitting by the water. Some people were talking with friends or family. Lots of people were taking pictures. A band was playing music on the stage. People were standing by the stage. They were listening to the music. Others were watching the performance on large video screens. Everyone was enjoying the summer evening.

Una noche fuera(pasado simple, pasado continuo) Anoche fui a Nathan Phillips Square en el Ayuntamiento de Toronto. Fue una hermosa tarde de verano. Estaba cálido y soleado. Mucha gente estaba allí debido a las celebraciones de los juegos de Pan Am. Me puse de pie y miré a la multitud. Mucha gente estaba sentada junto al agua. Algunas personas hablaban con amigos o familiares. Mucha gente estaba tomando fotos. Una banda tocaba música en el escenario. La gente estaba parada junto al escenario. Estaban escuchando la música. Otros estaban viendo la actuación en grandes pantallas de video. Todos estaban disfrutando la noche de verano.

Vocabulary help: 

band (noun) - a group of people that play music together



celebrate (verb) - to do something enjoyable because it is a special day



celebration (noun) - a party or other special event that you have for an important occasion



perform (verb) - to act in a play or to do something in front of other people



performance (noun) - entertainment shown to an audience such as actors in a play or people making music



screen (noun) - the broad, flat surface on which you see images. Televisions and computers have screens.



stage (noun) - a raised platform in a theater or other place, where a performance takes place



stood (verb) - past tense, to stand

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      

banda (sustantivo) - un grupo de personas que tocan música juntos celebrar (verbo): hacer algo agradable porque es un día especial celebración (sustantivo): una fiesta u otro evento especial que tienes para una ocasión importante realizar (verbo): actuar en una obra de teatro o hacer algo frente a la actuación de otra persona (sustantivo): entretenimiento que se muestra a una audiencia, como actores en una obra de teatro o personas que hacen música pantalla (sustantivo): la superficie amplia y plana en la que se ven las imágenes. Televisores y computadoras tienen pantallas. escenario (sustantivo): una plataforma elevada en un teatro u otro lugar, donde tiene lugar una actuación stand (verbo) - tiempo pasado, pararse

Comprehension Check: Do these sentences have correct grammar? If the grammar is wrong, can you correct it?

¿Estas oraciones tienen la gramática correcta? Si la gramática es incorrecta, ¿puedes corregirla? 1. People were standing in front of the stage. Correct or wrong?

1. La gente estaba parada frente al escenario. ¿Correcto o incorrecto? 2. I were watching the crowd. Correct or wrong?

2. Estaba mirando a la multitud. ¿Correcto o incorrecto? 3. Everyone was celebrating the PanAm games. Correct or wrong? 3.Todos estaban celebrando los juegos de PanAm. ¿Correcto o incorrecto? 4. The sun was shining. Correct or wrong?

4. El sol brillaba. ¿Correcto o incorrecto? 5. Some people was watching the band. Correct or wrong?

5. Algunas personas estaban viendo la banda. ¿Correcto o incorrecto?

Fill in the Blanks: 6. What is the simple past tense of these verbs? stand

, watch

,

READING N°2

Skating! (simple past) This winter I learned to skate! A friend of mine had an extra pair of skates. He persuadedme to go skating with him one Saturday afternoon in February. I borrowed the skates and we went skating! It was cold outside! We wore hats, scarves and mitts to keep warm. He showed me how to put on the skates. He helped me walk onto the ice. He showed me how to start moving. He also showed me how to stop! I moved very slowly at first and lots of people skatedpast me. When I fell nobody laughed at me. Instead, they helped me get back up. I kepttrying! Soon I felt much better. I liked skating!

Patinaje! (pasado simple) ¡Este invierno aprendí a patinar! Un amigo mío tenía un par extra de patines. Me convenció para ir a patinar con él un sábado por la tarde en febrero. ¡Pedí prestados los patines y fuimos a patinar! ¡Hacía frío fuera! Llevamos sombreros, bufandas y guantes para mantener el calor. Me mostró cómo ponerme los patines. Me ayudó a caminar sobre el hielo. Me mostró cómo empezar a moverme. ¡También me mostró cómo parar! Al principio me moví muy lentamente y mucha gente me patinó. Cuando me caí, nadie se rió de mí. En lugar, Me ayudaron a volver a levantarme. Seguí intentando! Pronto me sentí mucho mejor. Me gusto el patinaje!

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Vocabulary help: 

awhile (adverb) - for a short time.



afternoon (noun) - the time of day between noon and evening



better (adjective) - comparative form of good. Good, better, best are the three forms of the word good.



borrow (verb) - to use something that belongs to someone else and give it back later

 

extra (adjective) - more than usual.



kept (verb) past tense of to keep - to continue.



mitt (noun) - a mitten. A type of glove with a single part for all

instead (adverb) - in place of; rather

the fingers except the thumb which is in a separate part.



moving (verb) present participle of to move



onto (preposition) - to a position on or on top of.



pair (noun) - two things that are the same and are used together. Examples, a pair of gloves, a pair of socks



persuade (verb) - to cause someone to do something by explaining why they should.



scarves (noun) plural of scarf - a long piece of cloth worn around the neck, head, or shoulders.



skate (noun) - a shoe with a blade attached to the bottom. Skates are used to move on ice



skate (verb) - to move along on ice skates or roller skates.



skating (verb) - present participle of to skate



trying (verb) present participle of to try



warm (adjective) - having some heat; not cold

  

while (adverbio) - por un corto tiempo. tarde (sustantivo) - la hora del día entre el mediodía y la tarde mejor (adjetivo): forma comparativa del bien. Bien, mejor, mejor son las tres formas de la palabra bien. pedir prestado (verbo): para usar algo que pertenece a otra persona y devolverlo más tarde extra (adjetivo): más de lo habitual. en cambio (adverbio) - en lugar de; más bien mantuvo (verbo) tiempo pasado de mantener - para continuar. mitt (sustantivo): una manopla. Un tipo de guante con una sola parte para todos los dedos, excepto el pulgar que está en una parte separada. mover (verbo) participio presente de mover en (preposición) - a una posición encima o encima de. par (sustantivo): dos cosas que son iguales y se usan juntas. Ejemplos, un par de guantes, un par de medias persuadir (verbo): hacer que alguien haga algo al explicar por qué debería hacerlo. bufandas (sustantivo) plural de bufanda: una pieza larga de tela que se usa alrededor del cuello, la cabeza o los hombros. skate (sustantivo): un zapato con una cuchilla unida a la parte inferior. Los patines se usan para moverse sobre hielo skate (verbo): para moverse sobre patines de hielo o patines. patinaje (verbo) - participio presente de patinar intentar (verbo) participio presente de intentar cálido (adjetivo): tener algo de calor; no frío

              

19

Comprehension Check: Did you understand the story? Are these sentences true? 1. In the past tense the word feel becomes the word felt. Yes or no? 2. In the past tense the word fall becomes the word fell. Yes or no? 3. When he fell, people laughed at him. Yes or no? 4. Wearing hats and scarves will help keep you warm on a cold day. Yes or no? 5. You can skate outside in the summer in Canada. Yes or no?

Chequeo de comprension: ¿Entendiste la historia? ¿Son ciertas estas oraciones? 1. En tiempo pasado, la palabra sentir se convierte en la palabra sentir. ¿Si o no? 2. En tiempo pasado, la palabra caída se convierte en la palabra caída. ¿Si o no? 3. Cuando cayó, la gente se rió de él. ¿Si o no? 4. Usar sombreros y bufandas lo ayudará a mantenerse caliente en un día frío. ¿Si o no? 5. Puedes patinar afuera en el verano en Canadá. ¿Si o no?

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Fill in the Blanks: 6. If you want to

to do something, you have to keep trying!

7. When he

nobody laughed at him.

8. He borrowed a pair of skates from a 9. They went skating on a

who had an extra pair of skates. in February.

10. They wore hats and mitts because it was 11. His friend

outside that day.

him walk onto the ice.

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CAPITULO III:

Future tenses There are several different ways in English that you can talk about the future. This is an introduction to the most important ones: Hay varias formas diferentes en inglés de hablar sobre el futuro. Esta es una introducción a los más importantes:

- Predictions/statements of fact - Intentions

Predictions/statements of fact The auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple statements of fact about the future.         

The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow. Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual. In the year 2050 all students will have their own computers in school. If you help me, I will help you. Do you think she will come soon? You won't pass your exams if you don't start working harder. I know my parents won't let me go to the party. Will it snow for Christmas? I know she's sick, but will she be back in school tomorrow?

Intentions The auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about intentions. (An intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought about.)       

We're going to buy a new car next month. I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school. In the new year I'm going to stop eating so much junk. He's not going to go to the dance. He's got too much work. I'm not going to watch TV until my science project is finished. Are you going to play basketball after school? What are you going to have for lunch today?

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FUTURE TENSES: uses - sumary

EXERCISES: A. Put the verbs into the correct form (future simple). Use will.

Jim asked a fortune teller about his future. Here is what she told him: 1. You (earn) will earn a lot of money. 2. You (travel)

around the world.

3. You (meet)

lots of interesting people.

4. Everybody (adore) _

you.

5. You (not / have)

any problems.

6. Many people (serve)

you.

7. They (anticipate)

your wishes.

8. There (not / be) 9. Everything (be)

anything left to wish for. _ perfect.

10. But all these things (happen / only)

if you marry me.

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B. Put the verbs into the correct form (future simple). Use GOING TO 1.

It (rain) is going to rain.

2.

They (eat)

3.

I (wear)

4.

We (not / help)

5.

Jack (not / walk)

6. 7.

stew. _ blue shoes tonight. you. home. (cook / you) dinner?

Sue (share / not)

her biscuits.

8.

(leave / they) the house?

9.

(take part / she) in the contest?

10. I (not / spend)

my holiday abroad this year.

Modal CAN: "Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility. Examples: 

I can ride a horse. ability



We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity



She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission



Can you hand me the stapler? request



Any child can grow up to be president. Possibility

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Modal SHOULD: "Should" is most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as expectation. Examples: 

When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Potsdam. recommendation



You should focus more on your family and less on work. advice



I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM. obligation



By now, they should already be in Dubai. Expectation

EXERCISES: Complete with CAN or SHOULD 1. She looks pretty sick. I think she

go to a doctor.

can should

2. It´s so expensive. I

afford that.

shouldn't can't

3. You

smoke so much. It's bad for your health.

can't shouldn't

4. Hey I'm lost.

you help me?

Should Can

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5. You have such a beautiful voice. You

sing for us!

should can

6. I know he speaks five languages, but

he speak Arabic?

should can

7. I'm on my way. I

be there in about 10 minutes.

can should

8. I

believe that you failed your test! can't shouldn't

ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPORSES Translate this vocabulary to your own language: ENGLISH ENGLISH ENGLISH MALWARE

SPLITTER

DATA

GHOSTSITE

ANTI-ALIASING

ATTACHMENT

SPELL

FAKE

OVERCLOCKING

PLUG AND PLAY

DELAY

PRINTER

CARD

SAMPLE RATE

COPYRIGHT

COMPUTING

TROJAN HORSE

HYPERLINK

DOWNLOAD

EMBED

TIMER

SPREADSHEET

DECODER

NETIZEN

VALUE

LAPTOP COOLING

INTERNET ADDRESS

HARD DISK

SPANISH

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CAPITULO IV:

Technology has changed our lives People in Britain love technology. In a new survey of people in the country, researchers found: • there are four computers in the average British household. • six out of ten people say their life is better with technology. The researchers also say that new technology has changed our world forever. Modern communication is a good example of this. For example, have you ever telephoned from a public telephone? Have you ever written a letter by hand? Many people haven’t done these things or they don’t do them anymore. In particular, the survey found that young people have never done the following activities because of modern technology: 1 Telephoned a cinema for the times of the films. 2 Booked a holiday at a travel agent. 3 Used a public telephone. 4 Bought tickets for a concert over the phone. 5 Printed photos. 6 Bought a CD. 7 Written a letter by hand. 8 Used an address or telephone book. 9 Looked at a map before a car journey. 10 Faxed a document. 11 Paid by cheque. 12 Watched programmes at the time they are on TV. 13 Put an advert in a newspaper. 14 Sent a letter in an envelope. 15 Bought flowers from a shop in the high street.

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La tecnología ha cambiado nuestras vidas. La gente en Gran Bretaña ama la tecnología. En una nueva encuesta de personas en el país, los investigadores encontraron: • hay cuatro computadoras en el hogar británico promedio. • seis de cada diez personas dicen que su vida es mejor con la tecnología. Los investigadores también dicen que las nuevas tecnologías han cambiado nuestro mundo para siempre. La comunicación moderna es un buen ejemplo de esto. Por ejemplo, ¿alguna vez ha llamado desde un teléfono público? alguna vez has escrito una carta a mano? Muchas personas no han hecho estas cosas o ya no las hacen. En particular, la encuesta encontró que los jóvenes nunca han realizado las siguientes actividades debido a la tecnología moderna: 1 Telefonearon a un cine para los tiempos de las películas. 2 Reservamos unas vacaciones en una agencia de viajes. 3 Usó un teléfono público. 4 Compró entradas para un concierto por teléfono. 5 fotos impresas. 6 Compró un CD. 7 Escribe una carta a mano. 8 Usó una dirección o una guía telefónica. 9 Miré un mapa antes de un viaje en automóvil. 10 Envió por fax un documento. 11 Pagado con cheque. 12 programas vistos en el momento en que están en la televisión. 13 Ponga un anuncio en un periódico. 14 Envió una carta en un sobre. 15 Compré flores en una tienda en la calle principal.

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WRITING

HOW TO WRITE A PERFECT PROFESSIONAL EMAIL IN ENGLISH IN 5 STEPS For most of us, email is the most common form of business communication so it’s important to get it right. Although emails usually aren’t as formal as letters, they still need to be professional to present a good image of you and your company.

How to write a formal email Follow these five simple steps to make sure your English emails are perfectly professional.

1. Begin with a greeting 2. 3. 4. 5.

Thank the recipient State your purpose Add your closing remarks End with a closing

1. Begin with a greeting Always open your email with a greeting, such as “Dear Lillian”. If your relationship with the reader is formal, use their family name (eg. “Dear Mrs. Price”). If the relationship is more casual, you can simply say, “Hi Kelly”. If you don’t know the name of the person you are writing to, use: “To whom it may concern”or “Dear Sir/Madam”.

2. Thank the recipient If you are replying to a client’s inquiry, you should begin with a line of thanks. For example, if someone has a question about your company, you can say, “Thank you for contacting ABC Company”. If someone has replied to one of your emails, be sure to say, “Thank you for your prompt reply” or “Thanks for getting back to me”. Thanking the reader puts him or her at ease, and it will make you appear more polite.

3. State your purpose If you are starting the email communication, it may be impossible to include a line of thanks. Instead, begin by stating your purpose. For example, “I am writing to enquire about …” or “I am writing in reference to …”.

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Make your purpose clear early on in the email, and then move into the main text of your email. Remember, people want to read emails quickly, so keep your sentences short and clear. You’ll also need to pay careful attention to grammar, spelling and punctuation so that you present a professional image of yourself and your company.

4. Add your closing remarks Before you end your email, it’s polite to thank your reader one more time and add some polite closing remarks. You might start with “Thank you for your patience and cooperation” or“Thank you for your consideration” and then follow up with,“If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to let me know” and “I look forward to hearing from you”.

5. End with a closing The last step is to include an appropriate closing with your name. “Best regards”, “Sincerely”, and “Thank you” are all professional. Avoid closings such as “Best wishes” or“Cheers” unless you are good friends with the reader. Finally, before you hit the send button, review and spell check your email one more time to make sure it’s truly perfect!

1. SPEAKING

How to make an interview? Which are the objectives in the Interview? 1. Pick up information about the candidate: know the person, characteristics, needs and interests. 2. Explore its professional and personal track, as well as its specific behavioral competences for the position. 3. Know the candidates motivation and his fit to the working environment where his incorporation is expected. 4. Give information about the position: the candidate’s interest will be valued. 5. Motivate and cheer the candidate for his continuation in the selection process till the end. 6. The employment interview is a process of sales and “seduction”. Any message we pretend to transmit is formed by to aspects: 1. Content aspect: Rational Level 2. Relational aspect: Emotional Level

We are seen, before being heard. The personal image is especially relevant. For hitting with the dress, what matters is to have coherence and to comply with the rules in relation to the company%u2019s sector and position you are applying for.

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The interviewer wants a sociable person, capable of integrating in the company with a good treat with the rest of his colleagues and clients. People tend to help and think better of those who they like. If we smile we are affecting the interviewer’s emotions and give a more positive impression in the evaluation. The smile attracts, suggests confidence and optimism, relaxes and dissimulates the nerves and predisposes positively our interlocutors.

Visual contact empowers interest and facilitates communication. Look alternatively to all your interlocutors, with a direct and annual sight. Assent with the head shows an active listening and willingness. Play with objects shows nervousness and insecurity. Rub your hands denote impotent. Interlacing fingers shows authority and understanding willingness.

The language must be clear, simple and structured, avoid ‘pet words’ and %u2018swearwords%u2019. You have to be honest and sincere. Talk with a cordial tone, concise and specific. You do not have to speak badly of your current or former company.

Is good to rehearse the interview before, plan what is what you want to achieve, what to say and how to say it. A golf champion was once said that he was very lucky, he answered: “Yes, and the more I rehearse the luckier I am. Look for and explore the companys web page, focus in what you are looking for. You have to remember your strong points and our fields of improvement.

And remember: There will not be a 2º Chance for generating a 1st Impression.

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