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¡Lección 1: la gramática básica!! La NOTA: Usted debe tener el apoyo de idioma turco para ver los carácteres correctamente en esta página...

Para saber si usted tiene los carácteres del turkish instalados siga estas instrucciones: (Si usted usa IE4+ o Netscape4+)>> > Pulse el botón el botón de vista.>> > Escoge " la Codificación ".>> > Escoge " Más ".>> > Escoge " turco ".>> > Esto debe trabajar si usted tiene el installed,but de apoyo de carácter TURCO si usted no lo tenía>>>> usted debe seguir la instrucción de su navegador.

Introducción|Pronunciación| Las palabras duras|Redondeando las palabras suaves| La llanura abierta y adjetivos| El de las palabras | Las frases | los pronombres |La regla genreal del cerrado posesivol

La introducción La gramática turca es bastante diferente de aquéllos de los otros idiomas europeos (Como el inglés). Realmente, el turco no es un idioma Indoeuropeo; es un idioma de Uralo-Altaic. ¡Todavía, la gramática turca es simple!! La gramática turca tiene, sin embargo, mucho en común con inglés... Yo no hablaré mucho aprendemos el turco

El Alfabeto turco y pronunciación: El Alfabeto turco: Aa Bb Cc Çç Dd Ee Ff Gg

Father (El padre) Boy (El Muchacho) Jewels (Las joyas) Church (La iglesia) Day (El día) End (El fin) Foot (El pie) Go (Vaya) Como el francés (R) con las reglas de las vocales(vea las duras Ğ ğ para las vocales), pero el duro y suave como y en el yate con las vocales.Nunca el suave va al principio de una palabra.. H h How (Cómo) Girl (sometimes like i in pit) La muchacha (a veces como i en el Iı hoyo) İ i Jeep (jeep) J j Pleasure (el placer)

Kk Ll M m Nn Oo Öö Pp Rr Ss Şş Tt Uu Üü Vv Yy Zz

Kid, Cow El niño, la vaca Law (a ley) Monkey (El mono) No For (para) Como el eu francés Part (La parte) Rat (La rata) La Soda Shows Two (dos) Goose (El ganso) Como u francés o el ue Voice (La voz) Year (El año) Zoo (El Zoologico)

Difícilmente y las palabras suaves: Gobierne 1:

Se llaman A/I/O/U las vocales duras.

Palabras en que la última vocal es dura, es las palabras duras. Ex: can (ja:n=el alma)/ışık(la luz)/ol(sea)/unsur(oonsoor=el elemento) Gobierne 2:

Se llaman E/I/Ö/Ü las vocales. Las palabras suaves en que la última vocal es suave, son las palabras suaves. Ex: el el (el la mano)/ilim(la ciencia)/öl(Muérase indispensable)/üst(anteriormente)

Redondeado y las palabras llanas: Gobierne 1:

Se llaman O/U/Ö/Ü estas vocales . Las palabras redondeadas en la última vocal son las palabras redondeadas. Ex: ol/unsur/öl/üst Gobierne 2:

Se llaman A/I/E/I estas vocales. Se llama la palabra llano en la última vocal can/ışık/ilim/el Abra y las palabras cerradas: Gobierne 1:

Se llaman A/E/O/Ö se llaman vocales.Las palabras abiertas en que la última vocal está abierta las palabras abiertas. Ex: can/el/ol/öl Gobierne 2:

Se llaman I/I/U/Ü que vocales.Las palabras cerrados en que la última vocal está cerrada son las palabras cerradas. Ex: ışık/ilim/unsur/üst El resumen: La última vocal determina el tipo de la palabra.... ¡Ésta es la regla aquí!!!!!

Ex: can: es un piso duro la palabra abierta. ışık: es que un piso duro cerró la palabra. el: es un piso suave la palabra abierta. ilim: es que un piso suave cerró la palabra.

ol: es una palabra abierta redondeada dura. unsur: es una palabra cerrada redondeada dura. öl: es una palabra abierta redondeada suave. üst: es una palabra cerrada redondeada suave.

Las frases Gobierne 1(La frase=el asunto+el predicado) La frase turca debe tener un asunto y un asunto de predicado.El debe ser un noun(a el actually);and de grupo nominal el predicado debe contener un verb(a el actually)[see de grupo verbal debajo aprender los grupos casi nominales y verbales] top Rule 2(nominal group) Nominal group's a group of words whose nucleus is a noun. For example: "cat" is a noun,"the/a cat(s)" is a nominal group,"a/the pretty cat(s)" is still a nominl group. So a nominal group is a noun and all words attached to it:like articles(a/the) and adjectives(pretty). Note: 1-The relative clauses(and many other clauses attached to (describing) a noun are considered a part of the nominal group. 2- In turkish,there are no articels,i.e. no a/the,so all nouns are considered nominal groups even if with no adjectives. top Rule 3(verbal group) A verbal group is a group of words that contains a conjugated verb(not an infinitive). For example: 1-"to be great" is not a verbal group in turkish,but "am/is/are great" is a verbal group. 2-"flying(gerund)" is not a verbal group in turkish,but "fly/flied" is a verbal group.

Note: The "is/are" conjugation of verb to be with the third peson(he/she/it/they) is usually ommitted as we shall see;so we say in turkish I am..You are..He/she ...We are...You(pl)are...They top

...

Pronouns Personal Pronouns singular english I

sing. turkish ben

you

sen

he/she/it

o

plural english we you (for pluarl and formal singualr) they

pl.turkis h biz siz onlar

top Possessive adjectives sing eng

sing turk

pl eng

ım/im/um/üm our /m your(for plural your ın/in/un/ün/n and formal singular his/her/i ı/i/u/ü/sı/si/su their ts /sü my

pl turk ımız/imiz/umuz/ümüz/mız/miz/m uz/müz ınız/iniz/unuz/ünüz/nız/niz/nuz/nü z ları/leri

Note: 1-The possessive pronouns in turkish are added to the end of the noun not before it.Ex.Dil(tongue)>>>Dilim(My tongue) 2-The noun and the possessive adjective when added they form together one word! (not two separate words) 3-We add hard suffixes to hard words,and soft suffixes to soft ones.(see above to learn about soft and hard words) 4-We add flat suffixes to flat words and rounded suffixes to rounded words.(see above to learn about flat and rounded words)

5-We add m/n/si.../miz.../niz.../leri... to words ending in a vowel.Ex:Sevgi(love)>>>Sevgim/sevgin/sevgisi/sevgimiz/sev giniz/sevgileri Examples: can kıl ben canım kılım sen canın kılın o canı kılı canımı kılımı biz z z canını siz kılınız z onla canları kılları r

yer zil yerim zilim yerin zilin yeri zili yerimi zilimi z z yerini ziliniz z

kol pul kolum pulum kolun pulun kolu pulu kolumu pulum z uz kolunu pulunu z z

göz gözüm gözün gözü gözüm üz gözünü z

tür türüm türün türü türümü z türünü z

yerleri zilleri kolları pulları gözleri türleri

top A General rule for adding a suffix to a stem or a word: There are many suffixes used in turkish.Suffixes or (postpositions) may be a verb(imek),a possessive pronoun,suffix of conjugation,...etc. Usually,suffixes of a specific function are not fixed.Possessives (my) for example is not fixed. (ım/im/um/üm/m) all mean (my),but you can't use all of them with any word.You should use the appropriate suffix form according to the type of the word. Here are some hints that may be of some help: 1-Use a hard suffix with a hard stem/word. 2-Use a rounded suffix with a rounded stem/word. 3-Take care: some suffixes change when the stem ends in a vowel. 4-Usually, closed letters (ı/i/u/ü) are the letters to be changed/ommited according to the type of words.

LESSON 2:" Please fill in this form " The form | Vocabulary | Grammar | Culture | Objectives |

Lütfen bu fişi doldurun! * *= please fill in this form !

Ad : Bülent Baba adı : Kerem

Soyadı : Cengizoğlu Doğum tarihi : 30/1/1976 Doğum yeri : Ankara Şehriniz : İstanbul Ülkeniz : Türkiye Telefon Nosu : +90 212 522 35 49 Faks Nosu : +90 212 539 35 59 E-postanız : [email protected] Adresiniz : #124 Çağaloğlu

Vocabulary: Note : I think you've already deduced the meaning of some words !! Telefon , Faks , E-posta , Adres ... yes , you are right . Telefon = telephone , faks = fax , e-posta = e-mail , adres = address . Ad name Baba father father's name( see the grammar Baba adı section ) Soyadı last name or family name Doğum birth Tarih date / history Yer place Doğum birth date tarihi Doğum birth place yeri Şehir city Ülke country an abreviation for numara or number No in turkish . Telefon telephone number nosu Faks Nosu fax number

Grammar: It is not so difficult to say " birth date " in turkish . All that we should do is put the turkish words in the same order as in english then add the appropriate closed suffix to the last word . Ex : 1) birth : doğum date : tarih >>> birth + date = doğum + tarih + the appropriate closed suffix ( which is i in this case ) >>> doğum tarihi . 2)We add an S before the closed suffix , if the last word ends in a vowel . telephone : telefon

number : no >>> telephone + number = telefon + no + s ( "NO" ends in a vowel ) + u ( "NO" is a rounded word ) Note : there are other ways to combine words . Each has got its own use . This'll be discussed later .

Culture : 1- Bülent , Selim and Cengizoğlu are turkish proper names . 2- İstanbul is the old capital and the biggest city . 3- Ankara is the present capital . 4- Turkey's zip code is 90 . 5- Istanbul's code is 212 . 6- Telephone numbers in Istanbul usually comprise 8 numbers . 7- http://www.yenibir.com is a cool turkish website that many turks use for e-mail accounts and other benefits . I recommend that you visit this website after you finish level 1 .

What have we acheived in this lesson ?? 1- You can fill in a form in turkish . 2- You know about 15 basic words . 3- You can combine words like birth and date . 4- You know three turkish personal nouns,so you can deduce that someone is turkish from their names . 5- You know the zip code of Istanbul . 6- You may have your turkish e-mail account at www.yenibir.com

Lesson 3: How are you?

Ahmet saw Refaat on his way home. Ahmet : Merhaba ! Ahmet : Hey ! Refat : Merhaba ! Nasılsın? Refat : Hey ! How are you? Ahmet : Ben iyiyim. Ailen de Ahmet : I am fine. How is your nasıl? family? Refat : İyi! Teşekkürler! Refat : They are fine ! Thanks. Vocabulary: merhaba nasıl

Hi / hey / used to atract someone attention / some people use it as "welcome" (arabic origin) how

iyi good(adjective) / well/fine (adverb) aile family teşekkür thanks ler

Grammar : Verb to be in turkish : Before you read this section, you should have read lesson 1 and have known about the general rule for adding suffixes. Check lesson 1 and make sure you know that rule.

(Ben) ım/im/um/üm/yım/yim/yum/ (We) are yüm (You (You singular singular) (Sen) sın/sin/sun/sün and are formal) are (He/She/It dır/dir/dur/dür(usually (They) ) is ommitted/not used) are (I) am

(Biz) ız/iz/uz/üz/yız/yiz/yuz/ yüz (Siz) sınız/siniz/sunuz/sünü z lar/ler(usually ommitted)

Note: 1-Two vowels can't stand side by side in turkish. There must be a consonant in between (y in the case of verb to be). 2-Use the appropriate suffix.(hard/soft , flat/rounded ) 3- verb to be is unique.Why? Verb to be in turkish is different from all other verbs.It can't be used alone as a predicate. *YOU MUST USE IT WITH ANOTHER WORD TO MAKE A FULL PREDICATE. *There is no infinitive of verb to be.Instead we use "Olmak" (see later). * Conjugated verb to be must be used as a suffix(a kind of postposition) iyi(fine)+yim(I am)=iyiyim

General rules: 1-There is no gender in Turkish.That's to say there is no he/she /it.Only (O). 2-Verb to be with the 3rd person is nill.You can use other dir,dur(singular),lar(plura;)...... conjugates, but they are usually unnecessary. 3-As you may notice, All conjugates of verb to be for the 1st and 2nd persons have closed vowels.( I İ U Ü), we choose the conjugate according to the the type of the word (see classification of the words lesson 1).

A) Rounded words take rounded conjugates.(U if hard and Ü if soft). B)Flat words take flat conjugates.( I if hard and İ if soft). Here is a table showing how to choose the conjugate: conjugate Last Last used vowel:open vowel:closed ...ım a ı ...im e i ...um o u ...üm ö ü Culture: 1- The turks use the plural form when talking to someone they want to show respect to. 2- There are many foreign words in turkish as we have noticed in both this lesson and the previous one.(merhaba,telefon,etc...)This should be of some help. What have we acheived in this lesson? 1- How to greet someone with simple words that work for almost every situation.(We shall learn more soon.) 2- We learnt how to conjugate and use verb to be.One of the most irregular turkish verbs.(That's what I really want you to stress on.)

Lesson 4 : Erksin's family !! Please read this passage:

Erksin hanım öğretmendir.Kocası Hikmet hekim.Erksin'in ailesi küçük. Erksin hanımın çocukları var.Onlar iki.Biri oğlan öbürü kız.Kızın adı Zeynep.Zeynep on iki yaşında. Oğlanın adı Ali.Ali altı yaşında.Erksin'in iki kardeşi var,Ahemt ve Rıfkı. Ahmet yirmi

Mrs. Erksin is a teacher.Her husband Hikmet is a doctor.Erksin's family is small. Mrs. Erksin has kids.They are two.One of them is a boy and the other is a girl.The girl's name is Zeynep.Zeynep's 12 years old. The boy's name is Ali.Ali's six

years old.Erksin has two brothers , Ahmet and Rifki. Ahmet is yaşında.Ahmet henüz bekar.Rıfkı 20.Ahmet is still single.Rifki is yirmi beş yaşında.Rıfkı 25.Rifki is an engineer.He is mühendis.Rıfkı evli ve üç çocuğu var. married and has three kids. Erksin'in babası ve annesi Erksin's father and mother are Trabzon'dan.Babasının adı Recep ve from Trabzon.Her father's name annesinin adı Cansu. is Recep and her mother's name is Cansu.

Vocabulary: Hanım Öğretmen Koca(sı) Hekim Ailesi Küçük İki Çocukları possessive postposiion/of + var Biri(bir = one + i Possessive postposition) Oğlan Öbür kız On iki Yaşında Altı

Kardeş(ler)

Ve Yirmi Henüz Bekar

Mrs/Miss/Madam (used after a female proper name or as an address in itself to show respect to a woman). teacher. (sı:her or his according to context REMEMBER THERE IS NO GENDER IN TURKISH. husband Doctor. her/his family. small. two. her child(ren) N.b. Use lar/ler to make plural nouns.) verb to have(see grammar note below).

one of them. boy. other. girl ten two>>>twelve. at the age of/....years old. (it follows the number of years.Ex. on iki yaşında=12 years old/at the age of 12.) six. brother(s).Note:When a noun comes after a cardinal number ex:2,3,8,it is usually in the singular form.We say iki kardeş(wıthout the lar/ler plural marks),but we say kardeşler(brothers when there is no number before it.) and Twenty. still. not married (for males or females).

Yirmi beş Evli Üç Baba(sı) Anne(si) 'dan/'den

twenty five. married. three. (her/his) Father. (her his) Mother. from (Postpositions will be discussed later)

Grammar: Pluarl form: Add lar/ler to get the plural form.This rule applies to all words.... Ex: ocuk >>> ocuklar aile >>> aileler ...of.../ Erksin's... How do we say Erksin's family in turkish?? It's so simple>>> Erkisn'in ailesi!!! 1-Use the same order as in English. 2-Add n/in/un/n/nn/nin/nun/nn* to the end of the owner (Erksin). 3-Add /i/u//s/si/su/s to the object owned (family=aile). We do step 2 only if the noun (the owner) is: a)known from the context. b)a proper noun like Erksin,Peter,Turkey,Germany,etc... * "n" is the letter we use with this suffix if the words it's added to ends in a vowel. I have a pen!!! Unfortunately,there is no "verb to have" in turkish. The turks use various structures to say that someone HAVE something.I am going to explain here the commonest way to say "have" in the present tense. It's simple!!! In English we say "I have a pen " I = ben a = bir pen = kalem In Turkish we say : Bir kalemim var. 1-First we put the number of what the subject(I) has.>>>>bir=a/one(optional)

2-Then we add what they have...The object>>>> kalem = pen 3-Then we add the possessive pronoun** of the subject (= I)>>>> im = my 4-Then we add "var" **(check the grammar section to learn the possessive pronouns) let's see >>> bir >>> bir kalem >>> bir kalemim >>> bir kalemim var a/one >>>a pen >>> a pen of mine >>> I have a pen

Erksin has a pen!!! That is how it works if the subject is a pronoun.What if it's not!!What if the subject is a noun like Erkisn , the boy ,the husband , etc... It's simple!! In English we say "Erkisn has a pen" In Turkish we say: Erksin'in bir kalemi var. 1-First we put the subject (noun like Erksin,boy,girl,Turkey,etc....) 2-Then we add either ın/in/un/ün/nın/nin/nun/nün* to the end of the subject (Erksin) according to the general rule of suffixes. 3-Then we add the number of the objects that the subject has. (optional) 4-Then we add the object (pen=kalem). 5-Then we add the of/possessive suffix.(ı/i/u/ü/sı/si/su/sü) to the end of the object(pen=kalem) 6-Then we add "var". * "n" is the letter we use with this suffix if the words it's added to ends in a vowel.

let's see >>> Erksin(subje Erksin'i Erkisin'in ct) n bir... Erksin' Erksin's Erksin s one/a ...

Erksin'in bir kalemi a pen of Erksin's

Erksin'in bir kalemi var Erksin has a pen.

Culture 1-Erksin,Zeynep and Cansu are turkish female names. 2-Hikmet,Ali,Ahmet,Rıfkı and Recep are Turkish male names. 3-Trabzon is a northern city in Turkey.People from northern Turkey have their own accent and customs.They are said to love fish a lot...Various turkish accents will be discussed later.

What have we achieved in this lesson? 1-Learnt how to talk about someone's family.(may be yours too) 2-Learnt how to get nouns in the plural form. 3-Learnt how to say that someone has something.(That's what I really want you to learn by hard from this lesson)

Lesson 5 : Breakfast !! Dialogue | Vocabulary | How to make a question | Present simple tense |Culture | Objectives

Read this dialogue:

Kerem's just got up.He's telling his mother what he wants to have on breakfast. Let's see what they are saying. Kerem : Good morning , mom. Kerem : Günaydın,anneciğim. Anne : Günaydın,oğlum.Kahvaltıda ne yersin?

Mother : Good morning , (my) son . What do you want to have on breakfast? (in breakfast what you eat?) Kerem : What is available?

Kerem : neler var? Mother : Cheese , jam , eggs , Anne : olives , honey , pasturami and Peynir,reçel,yumurta,zeytin,bal,pastırm salami . a ve salami var. Kerem : There are no Kerem : Sucuk yok mu? sausages ? Anne : İnsan Kahvaltıda sucuk yer mi? Hafif bir şey ye ,oğlum.

Mother : Do people (man) eat sausages on breakfast? Eat something light !!

Kerem : olur anneciğim.Peynir yerim. Anne : güzel,ne içersin.çay,süt,meyve suyu....? Kerem : Süt,anneciğim.

Kerem : Ok , mom . I eat cheese . Mother : well , what do you drink ? Tea , milk , juice ... ?

Anne : olur,oğlum. Kerem : Milk , mom . Mother : ok , son .

top

Vocabulary: Günaydın Good day / good morning Anneciğim my beloved mother. : Oğl(um): (my) son. Kahvaltı(d breakfast ( da = postposition of place meanıng in). a): Ne what. Yemek: (infinitive) to eat.(yersin=you eat/yerim=I eat). Var: available/is present. Peynir: cheese. Reçel: jam. Yumurta: egg. Zeytin: olive. Bal: honey. Pastırma: kind of cold beef. Salami: some kind of beef. Sucuk: sausage. İnsan: man / a human being. Hafif: light. Bir Şey something. Imperative from yemek(to eat).(imperative will be Ye: discussed later) Olur: OK. Güzel: Beautiful(adjective)/Well(adverb) İçmek: (infinitive) to drink.( içersin=you drink) Çay: tea. Süt: milk. Meyve fruits juice. suyu: N.B. You don't have to know all the words in the vocabulary section.I recccomend these words: Kahvaltı (breakfast) Peynir (cheese) Yemek (to eat) Reçel (jam) Yumurta (egg) Zeytin (olive) Bal (honey)

Pastırma Salami Sucuk (sausage) Çay (tea) Süt (milk) Meyve suyu(fruit juice/nectar) top

Grammar :

How to make a question ? There are three types of questions: 1-The "YES/NO" questions.You ask such questions for someone to say yes or no. 2-Question-words questions.You ask who , what , when , where , how , etc... 3-A/B/C questions.You ask someone to choose A or B or C . "YES/NO" questions ? In spoken English , we use the voice tone to make such questions. Example: You wanna have sausages on breakfast This is not the case in Turkish however!!! In both spoken and written turkish there is a word that we use to make " YES/NO " questions. This word is " mı / mi / mu / mü ". Rules of using "mı/mi/mu/mü" 1- We choose mı/mi/mu/mü according to the type of the word before it.Check the grammar section to know how to determine the type of a word 2- We put mı/mi/mu/mü after the word we want the replier to affirm or negate.Usually the predicate ,be it a nominal or verbal group. 3- Unlike all other suffixes in turkish , this one is not attached to the word they follow.They are used as separate words. Example: insan sucuk yer mi ? sucuk yok mu ? Question-words questions ?

This one is really simple We just put the question word!!!That's it... Unlike English you don't have to put the verb before the subject!! As I said you just put the question word. Example: Ne yersin? Here are the question words most frequenly used : ne what / which from what / why (to ask about the cause of neden something) to what / what for (to ask about the reason for niye something) nerede where nereden where from nereye where to hangi which hangisi which one of them hangi at which hour saatte kaç how many ne kadar how much saat which hour kaçta ne when zaman ne vakit when nasıl how niçin why / what for / why A/B/C quesiotns ? It's even more simple!!! Put mi/mi/mu/mü after A/B/C Example: süt mü çay mı meyve suyu mu içersin? top

The present simple tense: Conjugation: Follow the following steps:

1-Ommit the mak/mek suffix of the infinitive form. 2-A)If the stem ends in a vowel,add an (r). B)If the stem ends in consonant,determine the type of the word(see lesson 1)then add one of the suffıxes below in the table: suffi a e u ü ır ir x r r r r

There is no fixed rule to choose the appropriate suffix.You should know which suffix goes with the verb you are learning(usually mentioned in a good dictionary).However some suffixes are more likely to be used with certain types of verbs.See the hints below. Hints:(These are just hints that may help but are not rules) 1-Closed suffixes (ır/ir/ur/ür) are used with verbs whose stems are formed of more than one syllable(contains more than one vowel). (ex. düşünmek....düşünür). 2-Closed suffixes (ır/ir/ur/ür) are used with verbs whose stems contain one open unrounded vowel(a/e) and the last letter (the consonant) is (n/l/r)(ex.almak....alır). 3-Open suffixes (ar/er) are used in all other cases.(ex. yazmak....yazar,sevmek...sever,sonmak...sonar,...etc) 3- Then we add the suffixes of verb to be (imek) to refer to the persons talkde about. Use : This tense corrseponds to the present simple tense in English.Here are the usual uses of this tense : 1- Used to talk about routine . 2- Used to talk about futur plans.(like the - "yor" - tense >>> see later ) 3- Used to say that you agree ( affirmative ) or refuse to do something .( this is the commonest use of the present simple tense ) 4- Used to make polite requests . ( In the form of a question >>>see later ) 5- Used to talk about general facts . 6- Used to talk about important events in history . Examples: ben sen o biz siz

yazmak yazarım yazarsın yazar yazarız yazarsınız

almak alırım alırsın alır alırız alırsınız

sevmek severim seversin sever severiz seversiniz

gelmek gelirim gelirsin gelir geliriz gelirsiniz

alınmak alınırım alınırsın alınır alınırız alınırsınız

görmek düşünmek görürüm düşünürüm görürsün düşünürsün görür düşünür görürüz düşünürüz görürsünüz düşünürsünüz

s s s s s s

onla yazar/yaza alır/alırl sever/seve gelir/gelirl alınır/alınırl görür/görür düşünür/düşün s r rlar ar rler er ar ler ürler r top

Culture 1- The turks don't like to eat meat in the morning.(That's what I have noticed,Hope I am right) 2- The turks say "in breakfast" not "on". 3- The turks use the word "insan" to express what everyone should do / not do . 4-Yok ha many uses.(they'll be discussed later) top

What have we achieved in this lesson? 1- You can say in Turkish what you are going to eat this morning ! 2- You know how to ask qustions. 3- You learnt everything about the present simple tense.(One of the most frequently used tenses in turkish)

Lesson 6 : Lunch !! Dialgoue | Vocabulary | The Imperative | The question form of the present simple tense | Culture | Objectives Ahmet and Selim are shopping !! Ahmet thinks they should go to a restaurant and have lunch !! Let's see :

Read this dialogue , please ! Ahmet : Ben çok acım !!

Ahmet : I am so hungry !

Selim : Karnım da aç !!

Selim : (My stomach is hungry too) Turkish expression !!

Ahmet : Bu lokantaya girmek isterim !! Selim : Olur !! Garson : Buyurun efendim !! Siz ne arzu edersiniz ?

Ahmet : I want to enter this restaurant ! Selim : Ok .

Waiter : Welcome Sir !! Ahmet : Lütfen , yemek listesini okur What do you order ? musunuz ? Ahmet : Would you please read

Garson : Elbette ! Önce çorbaları okurum . Domates , sebze , ve mercimek çorbaları var . Selim : Ben sebze çorbasını isterim . Ahmet : Ben mercimek isterim . Garson : Et mi Balık mı istersiniz efendim ?

the menu ? Waiter : Sure . I read "soups" first. we have(there are) tomato , vegetable and lentil soups . Selim : I want vegetable soup . Ahmet : I want lentil .

Ahmet : Etlerden neler var ? Garson : Eskalop , kebap , pirzola , biftek , köfte ve döner var . Ahmet : Ben pirzola . Selim : Balıklardan neler var ?

Waiter : Do you want meat or fish ? Ahmet : What kind of meat dishes do you have ?

Garson : Hamsi , mercan ve kefal .

Waiter : ( There are ) Escalope , kebap , cutlet , beefsteak , kofte and doner

Selim : Tavuk yok mu acaba ?

Ahmet : ( ME ) cutlet

Garson : Beli , şiş tavuk var .

Selim : What kind of fish dishes do you have ?

Selim : Bana bir tavuk . Waiter : Hamsi ,mercan and Garson : Makarna , pilav ister misiniz? kefal . Ahmet : Hayır .

Selim : There is no chicken ?

Selim : Bana bir makarna lütfen.

Waiter : Yes , we have ( there is ) shish Tavuk .

Garson : Ne içersiniz efendim ? Selim : A Tavuk for (to) me !! Ahmet : Bana bir coca . Selim : İçecek şeylerden neler var ?

Waiter : Do you want pasta or rice ?

Ahmet : No . Garson : Bira , rakı , maden suyu , coca , pepsi, , çay , kahve ,ve meyve Selim : A pasta for me please . suyu var . Waiter : What do you drink ? Selim : Hiç bir şey . Ahmet : A coca for me . Garson : Tatlılar ister misiniz ? Selim : What kind of beverages

do you have ? Waiter : beer , raki , mineral water , coca , pepsi , tea , coffee and nectars . Ahmet : Neler var ?

Selim : I don't want anything .

Selim : Aşure , Kenafe ve kadayıf var . Waiter : Do you want any dessert ? Ahmet : Ben kadayıf . Selim : Hiç bir şey.

Ahmet : What do you have ? Selim : Ashure , kenafe and kadayif . Ahmet : (me) Kadayif . Selim : Nothing

Vocabulary çok very / so much (adverb) aç (rules for changing the last letter in words will be discussed hungry later) karın >>> karnım stomach >>> my stomach too ( da / de as separate words have da / de many uses) this ( demonstratives will be discussd bu in detail later ) lokanta restaurant girmek enter / get into istemek to want ( infinitive) a word used to ask someone to do buyurun !! something / used by vendors as "welcome" Mr. >>> my Mr / sir ( to show efendi >>> efendim someone respect ) arzu etmek wish / want / order lütfen please yemek to eat (infinitive) / food / meal

liste okumak elbette önce çorba domates sebze mercimek et balık eskalop kebap pirzola biftek köfte döner hamsi , mercan and kefal tavuk yok acaba beli şiş tavuk bana = (ben + a ( " to " postposition) makarna pilav hayır coca (pronounced as in english) içecek şeyler bira rakı maden suyu kahve hiç bir şey tatlı ( adjective ) tatlılar aşure , kenafe , kadayıf

list / menu to read (infinitive) sure first / before / ago soup tomato vegetable lentil meat fish Escalope kind of grilled meat (oriental) cutlet beefsteak kind of grilled minced meat balls or fingers. ( oriental ) turkish meat dish chopped meat with onions , tomatoes etc..( very turkish ) kinds of fish chicken negative of var /not available used as " I wonder " used to reply to a negative question with "yes" kind of grilled chicken made with tomatoes , onions , green pepper ... to me ( for me ) pasta / maccaroni rice no coca cola beverages /( " things to drink " ) beer kind of turkish alcoholic beverages mineral water coffee nothing / anything delicious dessert kinds of turkish dessert

Grammar : The imperative !! A) Conjugation: single pluarl (siz) (sen) stem + ın / in / un / stem + stem ün / yın / yin / yun / mak / mek yün almak al alın gelmek gel gelin çıkmak çık çıkın girmek gir girin olmak ol olun görmek gör görün buyurmak buyur buyurun düşmek düş düşün infinitive

single ( o )

pluarl ( onlar )

stem + sınlar stem + sın / /sinler /sunlar / sin / sun / sün sünler alsın alsınlar gelsin gelsinler çıksın çıksınlar girsin girsinler olsun olsunlar görsün gürsünler buyursun buyursunlar düşsün düşsünler

Note: 1- We put a " y " after the stem if the stem ends in a vowel and the suffix begins with a vowel . Ex: we say Okumak >>> oku >>> oku + y + un = okuyun But We say okusun not okuysun !!! 2- The word type determines which suffix we use . Ex : gel >>> gelin , ol >>> olun , etc ... (check lesson 1 to know how to determine the type of a word ) 3- sın /sin /sun/ sün of the imperative belong to the third ( "o" = he / she / it , "onlar" = they )person not to the second ( "sen" and "siz" = you )!!( THIS IS WEIRD BUT WORTH NOTING) B) Uses : 1- We use the imperative to make an order or a request. 2- We use the plural (siz) form with people we don't know and when we want to show respect . 3- The third person ( o and onlar ) imperative has many uses ,many of

which are not important for beginners.That's why I 'll say only one common use in this lesson . " Use the third person imperative when you want to say that someone should do something or that something should happen ." Example : Ahmet bir şey yesin !! = Ahmet should eat something or Let Ahmet eat something !!

The question form of the present simple tense ... We have already learnt all types of questions and how to make a question . However ,we haven't learnt how to conjugate verbs in the question form !! We shall learn in this lesson how to get the question form of verbs in the present simple tense . I recommend that you check lesson 5 before you read this !! (Please make sure that you know how to conjugate verbs in the present simple tense ) Here are the steps you should follow : 1- First of all get the verb in the present simple tense of the third singular person ( "o" = he / she / it ). Check lesson 5 Example: gelmek (infinitive) >>> gelir ( present simple ; 3rd singular person ) 2- Add mı/mi/mu/mü ( as a separate word ) according to the word type . Example : gelir >>> gelir mi 3- Add conjugated "verb to be" suffixes to mı/mi/mu/mü .Choose the suffix according to the word type and person . Example : do i go do you (singular) go does he / she / it go do we go do you ( plural /

gelir gelir gelir gelir gelir

miyim misin mi /midir miyiz misiniz

formal ) go do they go

gelir mi / ( irregular ) >>>gelirler mi

Summary: gelmek >>> gelir >>> gelir miyim / misiniz / mi /miyiz / misiniz / gelirler mi to go ( infinive ) >>> he / she goes >>>do i go / do you go / does he go /do we go /do you go /do they go

Note: The table below shows the question form of "verb to be" in the present simple tense. As you might notice , the question form of the present simple tense of all verbs is their present simple conjugation with the third singular person ( he she it ) and the question form of the "verb to be" in the present tense . The question form of "verb to be" in the present simple tense is used to get the question forms of all verbs in many tenses . (present simple , simple future , uncertain past , etc...) muyu müyü am I mıyım miyim m m are you mısın misin musun müsün ( sing. ) is he / she / mı mi mu mü it we mıyız miyiz muyuz müyüz you ( pl mısını misini musun müsün formal z z uz üz ~ lar ~ ler ~ lar ~ ler they mı mi mı mi

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Postpositions : ( Introduction ) There are no "PREpositions" in turkish.There are "POSTpositions" instead. Postpositions are suffixes added to the end of a noun ( or a nominal group actually ) . Postpositions will be discussed in deatail later on . We have seen three postpositions in this lesson . The (" a / e "= to ) (" ı / i / u / ü "=the known object ) and (" dan / den "= from ) postpositions .

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Culture : 1- Turkish has many expressions so difficult to understand .We have learnt one of those expressions in this lesson.The turks say " MY STOMACH IS HUNGRY = karnım aç ". In fact this is a unique way to say that someone is hungry . 2- The turkish cuisine is a unique and a very rich one . I think you should buy some book about the turkish cuisine if you are interested .I'll just talk in brief here. The turks have a lot of unique dishes . One of the most typical turkish dishes is the "doner" . Kebap and Kofte are well known in all countries in the middle east . Usually ,lamb meat is the kind of meat used to make kebap and kofte .The turks have dishes from all over the world ; french and italian cuisines are well appreciated in Turkey . World Food Turkey top

What have we achieved in this lesson ? 1- You learnt how to order lunch in turkish . 2- You have learnt how to conjugate and use the imperative . 3- You have learnt how to get the question forms of all verbs ( including verb to be ) in the present simple tense . 4- You have some hints about the turkish cuisine .

Lesson 7 : Rooms !! Dialogue | Vocabulary | Postpositions and cases | Simple past tense | Negative form of the present simple tense

Dialogue : Odalar !

Rooms !

Merhaba ! Adım Aysel . Ben bu Hi ! My name's Aysel . I 've come ayda Ankara'dan İstanbul'a geldim. from Ankara to Istanbul this month Henüz hiç kiralık daire bulmam . .I haven't find a flat to rent yet . Dostum Deniz galiba dün buldu . My friend Deniz most probablt Bugün beraber görmeye gideriz. found one yesterday .Today we are going to see it together . Aysel : Bu daire biraz küçük. Aysel : This flat is a little small ! Deniz : Evet,ama başkası

Deniz : Yes , but there is no other flat . Isn't it ok ? yok.Olmaz mı? Aysel : Beli,olur.Banyo nerede?

Aysel : Yes ,it is ok .Where is the bathroom ? Deniz : On (in) the right .

Deniz : Sağda.

Aysel : Not bad .

Aysel : Fena değil. Deniz : Gel de bak,mutfak çok güzel. Aysel : Çalışma odasını görmek isterim.

Deniz : Come and see , the kitchen is very good . Aysel : Yes . I want to see the study (work) room ? Deniz : There on ( in ) the left .

Deniz : İşte solda.

Aysel : This room is not ok !! I Aysel : Bu oda olmaz ! Böyle odada won't work in a room like this . ben hiç çalışmam. Deniz : Yatak odasında çalışırsın! Aysel : Kaç yatak odası var? Deniz : Sadece iki oda. Aysel : Bu dairenin kirası kaç? Deniz : 2000 milyon lira.

Deniz : You will study in the bedroom. Aysel : How many rooms do we have (are here) ? Deniz : Just two rooms . Aysel : How much is the rent of this flat ? Deniz : 2 trilyon lira .

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Vocabulary: Oda Ay Gelmek Henüz Hiç Kiralık Daire Bulmak

Room Month To come ( infinitive ) Still / yet any ( negative )/ never ( adjective )to rent Apartment / flat Find

dost >>> dostum friend >>> my friend most probably ( used to talk about something you galiba are not sure about but is likely to happen ) Dün Yesterday Bugün Today Beraber Together Görmek to See ( infinitive ) Gitmek >>> gider to go ( infinitive ) >>> he goes >>> we go >>> gideriz ( present simple ) Biraz a little Küçük Small Evet Yes ( used to answer an affirmative question ) Ama But Başkası Another / other Yok There is no.../ Negative of "VAR" Olmaz negaive of "olur" Olur OK / It works / I like it Banyo Bathroom Sağ Right ( direction / place ) Fena Ugly / bad / unacceptable used to make the negative form of imek ( verb to Değil be ) Bakmak To look ( infinitive ) Mutfak Kitchen Güzel beautiful / pretty Çalışma odası Study ( work ) room İşte Here it is / there it is Sol Left ( direction / place ) Like this / such Böyle Çalışmak Kaç Yatak odası Sadece Kira Milyon Lira

to Work / to Study ( infinitive ) How many / How much ( used to ask about the number of something ) Bedroom ( yatak = bed ) Only / just What you pay to rent something million Turkish currency

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Grammar: I) Postpositions and cases : Turkish doesn't have prepositions,but POSTpositions instead. A word and a postposition added to it forms a CASE or a PHRASE . We shall learn the postpositions now. A ) ( IN ) DA / DE / TA / TE Conjugation Rule 1 : use "da / ta" with hard words and " de / te" with soft words . Rule 2 : Use "ta / te" with words that end in any of these consonants : çfhkpsşt Use "da / de" with words ending in any other letter. nominati case with ve DA/DE/TA/TE oda odada sevgi sevgide Sağ Sağda kitap kitapta aşk aşkta et ette Uses : 1- The da/de/ta/te postpositions are used to talk about where something happens or exists when they are added to a word of place. ex:Ahmet odada okur >>> Ahmet reads in the room. 2- They are used to talk about when something happens or exists when they are added to a word of time . ex: Aysel bu ayda geldi >>> Aysel has come this month . 3- They are used to mean that someone has something available with them when they are added to a word indicating someone . ex :Bu kitap bende >>> this book is (with me) or for a better translation I have this book with me ! top B ) ( FROM ) DAN / DEN / TAN / TEN case : Conjugation :

Rule:the same as (IN) case but add an (N) to the da / de / ta / te >>>> dan / den / tan / ten . nominati case with ve DAN/DEN/TAN/TEN oda odadan sevgi sevgiden sağ sağdan kitap kitaptan aşk aşktan et etten Use : 1- The dan/den/tan/ten postpositions are used to talk the direction from somewhere if they are added to a word of place.Ex : Ahmet Ankara'dan geldi >>>Ahmet has come from Ankara . 2- They are used to mean " since / for" if they are added to a word of time . Ex : Ahmet bir aydan okuyor >>> Ahmet has been reading for a month . 3- Stem of a verb + ma/me + dan/den = without doing the verb ex: oku + ma + dan = without reading . 4- They are used to talk about the cause of something .(this will be discussed later on) 5- noun + "dan/den/tan/ten" = ( "from" cases ) are sometimes used with other postpositions.This will be discussed later . top C ) (TO)A/E/YA/YE conjugation Rule 1:Use a/ya with hard words and e/ye with soft words. Rule 2:Use a/e with words ending in a consonant and ya/ya with words ending in a vowel. nominati case with ve A/E/YA/YE oda odaya sevgi sevgiye sağ sağa kitap kitaba

aşk et

aşka ete

Uses : 1- Used to talk about the direction to somewhere if they are added to a word of place . ex : Ahmet Ankara'ya geldi >>> Ahmet has come to Ankara. 2- To say the reason for something if they are added to the infinitive of a verb . ex : biz daireyi görmeye ( notice the k is ommitted and a y is added ) gideriz >>> We go to see the apartment. 3- To say that someone is doing something for someone else. ex : Ben bu kalemi Aysel'e aldım >>>I have bought / taken this pen for Aysel. 4- Used to say that someone is doing something uptill some time when they are added to a word of time . ex : Ahmet bu (saat) sekize alyor >>> Ahmet is working till 8 (o clock). top D ) ( the object marker ) ı/i/u/ü : In general sentences are formed of a subject , verb and object . There 's a special marker used after objects of the verbs .That marker is only used after determined objects.Determination means that the object is a proper noun , known from the context , etc... The object marker willbe discussed in dtail later on) top N.B.

1-When you add a postposition to a word,it comes at the end of the word. ex.:oda(room)>>>odam(my room)>>>odamda(in my room). The exception is with the proper nouns ,like Ankara , Ahmet , Aysel , Deniz, etc... ex:Ankara'dan , Ahmet'ten , Aysel 'i , Deniz 'e ,etc... 2-An (N) is put between the possessive postposition of the third person(singular/plural) and the postposition. ex.:oda>>>odası>>>odasında kol>>>kolu>>>kolunda oda>>>odaları>>>odalrında

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II ) Past simple tense : Conjugation: STEP 1: Ommit the mak/mek from infinitive. STEP 2: Add dı/tı : to verbs in which the last vowel is (a/ı) . di/ti : to verbs in which the last vowel is (e/i) . du/tu : to verbs in which the last vowel is (o/u) . dü/tü : to verbs in which the last vowel is (ö/ü) . N.B. TI/Tİ/TU/TÜ are added to verbs with (ç/f/h/k/p/s/ş/t) consonants as their last letter. Step 3 : add ben sen o biz

m n nothing k nız / niz / nuz / siz nüz onla lar / ler / r nothing

Ex : I found ben buldum you found sen buldun he/she o buldu found we found biz bulduk you found siz buldunuz they onlar found buldu/buldular Uses : The past simple tense is used to talk about anything that happened before now. The past simple tense is widely used both in written and spoken turkish . N.B.

The simple past of the "verb to be" will be discussed later". top

III ) Negative form of present simple: STEP 1 : Ommit mak/mek from infinitive. STEP 2 : Add : last vowel of stem:a/ı/o/u ben -mam sen -mazsın o -maz biz -mayız siz -mazsınız onla -mazlar r

last vowel of stem:e/i/ö/ü -mem -mezsin -mez -meyiz -mezsiniz -mezler

Ex: bulmak ben bulmam sen bulmazsın o bulmaz biz bulmayız siz bulmazsınız onla bulmazlar/bul r maz

gelmek gelmem gelmezsin gelmez gelmeyiz gelmezsiniz gelmezler/gel mez

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Culture : 1- Istanbul is a very big city . However it's hard to find good accommodation for a long time there . So ,take care ..If you want to go there for a long time you should arrange it . I hope this website helps you find good hotels (not only inturkey byt world wide) 2- One of Turkey's big problems is INFLATION.That's why the number I mentioned may be too small when you go there .To have a good internet connection in Turkey ,you should pay about 69 million liras a year.(That's to make things clear ) However , prices in Turkey are

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What have we achieved in this lesson ? 2- 1- You have learnt to talk about the rooms in your house . 2- You have learnt 3 postpositions and the object marker . 3- You have learnt how to conjugate and use verbs in the simple past . 4- You have learnt how to get the negative form of verbs in the present simple. 5- You have some hints about two of Turkey's big problems.

Lesson 8 : The Weather Today !! Dialogue | Vocabulary | verb to be in the past simple | Culture | Objectives

Dialogue : Aysel and Deniz are talking about the weather today. Let's see what they are saying .. Aysel : Ah ! Bugün hava çok sıcak değil mi ?

Aysel : Ah ! It's very hot today ,isn't it ?

Deniz : You are right Aysel . Deniz : Haklısın Aysel It's very hot in summer in . Ankara . Ankara'da yazın hava çok sıcaktır. Aysel : Even in Istanbul ,It's not very good !! Aysel : İstanbul'da It was too cold last winter . bile hava güzel değil. Geçen kış fazla Deniz : Yes , It rains and even soğuktu . snows in winter. Deniz : Evet ,kışın yağmur ve kar bile çok yağıyor .

Aysel : What is the temperature today ? Deniz : 38 C !!

Aysel : Bugün hava Aysel : My God ! sıcaklığı kaç derece ? Deniz : It was cool yesterday !! Deniz : 38 derece !!

Aysel : Aman Tanrım ! Deniz : Dün serindi !! Aysel : Right ! It was good yesterday ! Aysel : Doğru ! Dün hava Deniz : In august it's winter in güzeldi !! Australia !! Deniz : Ağustos ayında Avustralya'da kış !! Aysel : Annen Avustralya'da Deniz : Evet , Avustralya'da rüzgarlı !!

Aysel : Your mother's still in Australia ?

Deniz : Yes , It's stormy in henüz Australia !! mı ? Aysel : Anyway ,we are not working hava these days . The exams are over!

Aysel : Herhalde bu günlerde çalışmayız . Sınavlar bitti !!

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Vocabulary :

Ah

hava sıcak haklı yazın bile geçen kış fazla

an interjection used to express pain or wonder in turkish air / weather (in turkish we say weather is ...hot/cold/etc... not it's ...as in English) hot right (= not wrong) in summer (adverb) even last / past winter too much (more than accepted/

soğuk kışın yağmur kar (yamur / kar /) yağmak hava sıcaklığı derece

aman

tolerable) cold in winter (adverb) rain snow to rain / to snow ( the -yor- tense will be discussed later ) air temperature degree (temperature is measured in celsius in Turkey!) an interjection used to say that you feel that something is very strange my God cool / good weather right / true August Australia

Tanrım serin doğru ağustos Avustralya rüzgarlı >>> adjective of wind >>> windy rüzgar herhalde anyway sınav examination / test bitmek to be over / to be finished

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Grammar : "Verb to be" in the past simple A) Conjuagation Note : "imek" (verb to be) is a suffix in Turkish. Step 1: Add ydı/ydi/ydu/ydü to any word (noun/adjective) that ends in a vowel.Choose the suffix according to the word type Example:

şanlı şanlıydı iyi iyiydi mutlu mutluydu gözlükl gözlüklüy ü dü

OR Add tı/ti/tu/tü to any word (noun/adjective) that ends in one of these consonants "çfhkpsşt" Example: ak aktı pis pisti solu solukt k u üst üsttü

OR Add dı/di/du/dü to any word (noun/adjective) that ends in any other consonant. Example: bal baldı seri serin n di kul kuldu kör kördü

Step 2: If you want to conjugate "verb to be " with different persons (" I , you , he , she , we and they ") add ben m sen n o nothing biz k nız/niz/nuz/n siz üz Onl lar/ler/ ar nothing

Exampl : ben mutluyum >>> ben mutluydum I am happy >>> I was happy

Summary : ben

sen

o

biz

siz

onlar şanlıyıdılar / şanlı şanlıydım şanlıydın şanlıydı şanlıydık şanlıydınız şanlıyıdı iyiydiler / iyi iyiydim iyiydin iyiydi iyiydik iyiydiniz mutluydu mutluydular mutlu mutluydum mutluydun mutluydu mutluyduk mutluydunuz / mutluydu gözlüklüydü gözlükl gözlüklüyd gözlüklüyd gözlüklüy gözlüklüyd gözlüklüydü ler / ü üm ün dü ük nüz gözlüklüydü ak aktım aktın aktı aktık aktınız aktılar / aktı pistiler / pis pistim pistin pisti pistik pistiniz pisti soluktular / soluk soluktum soluktun soluktu soluktuk soluktunuz soluktu üsttüler / üst üsttüm üsttün üsttü üsttük üsttünüz üsttü bahtıyardıla bahtıy bahtıyardı bahtıyardı bahtıyardı bahtıyardı bahtıyardınız r / ar m n k bahtıyardı şirindiler / şirin şirindim şirindin şirindi şirindik şirindiniz şirindi cesur cesurdum cesurdun cesurdu cesurduk cesurdunuz cesurdular kördüler / kör kördüm kördün kördü kördük kördünüz kördü

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Culture : 1- You will find people talking about the weather everywhere in Turkey.I really noticed that all turks are concerned with the weather!! The cause may be that the weather there suddenly changes!!You

should take car about the weather there especially in the anatolian regions! Cities like Istanbul , Izmir , the southern coast is however very good! 2- Turkey , like most countries , uses the celsius system not the Fahrenheit . top

What have we achieved in this lesson ? 1- You have learnt how to describe today's weather! 2- You have learnt how to conjugate "verb to be" in the past simple. top

Lesson 9 : I want to go to cagaloglu street !! Dialogue | Vocabulary | The -yor- tense | country/city + l/li/lu/l | culture | Objectives

Dialogue : Bob and Mary are american tourists in Istanbul. They wanted to visit some friends in cagaloglu street but their turkish friend Erksin couldn't go with them. So they decided to go on their own !!Simply they were lost but fortunately both Bob and Mary knew turkish and they asked someone in the street about Cagaloglu. Bob : Affedersiniz efendim ! Nasıl Bob : Excuse me , Mr/Mrs/Miss ! çağaloğlu caddesine gidiyoruz ? How ( can ) we go to cagaloglu street ? Efendi : Siz oraya çok uzaksınız !! Siz İstanbullu değil misiniz? Mr / Mrs / Miss : You are far away from (to) cagaloglu !! Mary : Hayır ! Amerikalıyız ! You are not from Istanbul ? Efendi : Türkiye'ye hoş geldiniz efendim . Mary : Hoş bulduk . Bob : Biz çağaloğlu caddesine yürümek isitiyoruz

Mary : No ! We are americans . Mr/Mrs/Miss : Welcome to Turkey , Mrs. Mary : Thanks . Bob : We want to walk to cagaloglu

street . Efendi : Olur ! Ama çok yürüyorsunuz! Mary : Oraya kaç kilometre ? Efendi : İki kilometre ? Bob : Öyle uzak değil ! Efendi : İyi ! Siz doğru gidin , sağda dördüncü caddeye dönün sonra da solda ikinici caadeye dönün! Bob : çok teşekürler efendim . Efendi : Bir şey değil .

Mr/Mrs/Miss : Ok ! But you are going to walk much . Mary : How many kilometers (to there) ? Mr/Mrs/Miss : Two kilometers . Bob : It's not that far !! Mr/Mrs/Miss : Well ! You go straight , turn to the fourth street on the right then to the second on the left ! Bob : Thanks a lot ,Mr/Mrs/Miss . Mr/Mrs/Miss : Nothing .

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Vocabulary : affedersiniz excuse me (you forgive me) cadde avenue / street oraya = ora (to) there = there + to + ya far (the turks usually say far "to=a/e/ya/ye" uzak not far from) İstanbullu from Istanbul(Citizen of Istanbul) Amerikalı American / American citizen Türkiye Turkey hoş geldiniz welcome fixed phrase used to answer "welcome" in hoş bulduk turkish yürümek to walk kilometre kilometer öyle to that extent / like that doğru straight(adverb) / true dördüncü fourth dönmek to turn / return / come back

ikinci second teşekkürler thanks bir şey değil it is nothing (to reply thanks in turkish)

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Grammar : The -yor- tense Conjugation Step 1 : Ommit mak/mek of the infinitive. Example : gelmek / anlamak >>> gel / anla Step 2 : A) If the stem ends in a consonant , add ı/i/u/ü to it. Example : gel >>> geli B) If the stem ends in a vowel , ommit it and add ı/i/u/ü to it. Example : anla >>> anlı Step 3 : Add one of these suffixes according to the subject . ben yorum sen yorsun o yor biz yoruz siz yorsunuz onla yorlar / r yor

Uses : 1- Used to talk about something that happens at the present .Now, these days ,.... 2- Used to talk about habits and routine (commoner than the present simple) 3- Used to talk about the futur. Note: 1- To get the question form >>> use yor +

muyum/musun/mu/muyuz/musunuz/yorlar mı . 2- To get the negative form >>> add mı/mi/mu/mü to the stem in step 2 >>> gel >>>gelmi>>> gelmiyor ,gelmiyorsun etc... infinitiv affirmative e

affirmative negative question question alıyor almıyor alıyorum / almıyorum / muyum / muyum / alıyorsun / almıyorsun / alıyor musun / almıyor musun / alıyor / almıyor / alıyor mu / almıyor mu / almak alıyoruz / almıyoruz / alıyor muyuz / almıyor muyuz / alıyorsunuz / almıyorsunuz / alıyor almıyor alıyorlar almıyorlar musunuz / musunuz / alıyorlar mı almıyorlar mı geliyor gelmiyor geliyorum / gelmiyorum / muyum / muyum / geliyorsun / gelmiyorsun / geliyor musun gelmiyor musun geliyor / gelmiyor / / geliyor mu / / gelmiyor mu / gelmek geliyoruz / gelmiyoruz / geliyor muyuz gelmiyor muyuz geliyorsunz / gelmiyorsunuz / / geliyor / gelmiyor geliyorlar gelmiyorlar musunuz / musunuz / geliyorlar mı gelmiyorlar mı buluyor bulmuyor muyum / muyum / buluyorum / bulmuyorum / buluyor bulmuyor buluyorsun / bulmuyorsun / musun / musun / buluyor / bulmuyor / buluyor mu / bulmuyor mu / bulmak buluyoruz / bulmuyoruz / buluyor bulmuyor buluyorsunuz / bulmuyorsunuz / muyuz / muyuz / buluyorlar bulmuyorlar buluyor bulmuyor musunuz / musunuz / buluyorlar mı bulmuyorlar mı görüyor görmüyor muyum / muyum / görüyorum / görmüyorum / görüyor görmüyor görüyorsun / görmüyorsun / musun / musun / görme görüyor / görmüyor / görüyor mu / görmüyor mu / k görüyoruz / görmüyoruz / görüyor görmüyor görüyorsunz / görmüyorsunz / muyuz / muyuz / görüyorlar görmüyorlar görüyor görmüyor musunz / musunz / görüyorlar mı görmüyorlar mı negative

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country/city + lı/li/lu/lü

Add to l/li/lu/l to a country or a city to get its adjective. Example : Amerika(America) >>> Amerikalı Ankara >>> Ankaralı İstanbullu >>> İstanbullu Berlin >>>Berlinli İran >>> İranlı Japonya(Japan) >>> Japonyalı Mısır(Egypt) >>> Mısırlı Belçika(Belgium) >>> Belçikalı Almanya(Germany) >>> Alman / Almanyalı Fransa (France) >>> Fransız / Fransalı top

Culture : 1- Turkey uses kilometers not miles . 2- The turks are very friendly .You may ask anybody about your way if you felt lost!!

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What have we achieved in this lesson ? 1- You have learnt how to ask about your way ! 2- You have learnt how to conjugate and use the -yor- tense. 3- You have learnt to express your nationality. top

Lesson 10 : What shall we take to Trabzon ? langtolang.c om

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Dialogue | Vocabulary | "With" postposition | Subjunctive | objectives

Dialogue : Erksin wants to see her parents in Trabzon . Her american friends Bob and Mary asked to go with her . They are talking about what they should take to Trabzon .

Erksin : biz nasıl Trabzon'a gideriz ?

Erksin : How shall we go to Trabzon ?

Bob : uçakla gidelim !!

Bob : let's go by plane !

Erksin : olmaz ! uçak çok pahalı Erksin : no ! the plane is very expensive . Mary : gemiyle olsun ! Mary : Let it be by ship ! Erksin : ne güzel ! Erkisn : excellent ! Bob : ben hiç gemiyle gitmem . Bob : I'll never go by ship ! Mary : neden ? Mary : Why ? Bob : gemiden daima korkuyorum ! Bob : I am afraid of ships ! Erksin : ben ve Mary gemiyle gidiyoruz !

Erksin : I and Mary will go by ship ! Bob : I shall go by bus !

Bob : ben otobüsle gidiyorum!! Erksin : It's very dangerous !! Erksin : otobüs çok tehlikeli !! Bob : Dangerous ? Bob : tehlikeli mi ? Erksin : tabii .Hergün çok kazalar oluyor .

Erksin : Sure . Many accidents happen everyday . Bob : I'll go by train !

Bob : trenle giderim . Mary : You won't find any train going Mary : oraya tren bulmazsınız . there . Bob : ben mutlaka gemiyle gitmem

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Vocabulary : uçak pahalı gemi daima

plane expensive ship always

Bob : I won't ever go by ship .

korkmak (dan/den/tan/ten) otobüs tehlike(li) tabii (interjection) hergün kaza olmak tren mutlaka

afraid (from) bus danger(ous) surely / certainly everyday accident happen / be(used in place of imek where imek can't be used) train ever / never

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Grammar : ile/-le/-la/yle/yla (=with/by) postposition Conjugation : This postposition is unique . You may use it as a suffix (-le/-la) ,or as a separate word (ile) . The "separate word" form is fixed . The rule Add la/le to any word that ends in a consonant . OR Add yla/yle to any word that ends in a vowel. uçak tren araba (car) gemi

uçakla trenle arabay la gemiyl e

Uses : 1- Used with means of transport . Example: Ben trenle giderim >>> I'll go by train . 2- Used to say the tool you use Example: Ahmet kalemle yazyor >>> Ahmet is writing with the pen .

3- Used to mean "with " somebody Erksin Ahmet'le konuşuyor >>> Erksin is talking with Ahmet . 4- Used to make adverbs Example : Ahmet hızla gidiyor >>> Ahemt is going fast (with speed) top

The subjunctive : (a/e/ya/ye tense ) Conjugation : Step 1 : Ommit the mak/mek of the infinitive >>> yazmak /okumak / girmek / yürümek >>> yaz / oku / gir / yürü Step 2 : ( just if the stem ends in a vowel ) Add " y " to the stem . yaz / okuy / gir / yürüy Step 3 : Add an "a" to hard stems or an "e" to soft stems . yaz / okuy / gir / yürüy / >>> yaza / okuya / gire / yürüye Step 4 : Add these suffixes for different persons pers hard verb on stem ben yım sen sın o biz lım siz sınız onlar lar

soft verb stem yim sin lim siniz ler

Examples : ben

sen

o

yazma yazayım yazasın yaza k okuma okuyayı okuyası okuy k m n a girmek gireyim giresin gire

biz

siz

onlar

yazalım yazasınız yazalar okuyalı okuyasını okuyala m z r girelim giresiniz gireler

yürüm yürüyeyi yürüyes yürüy yürüyeli yürüyesi yürüyel ek m in e m niz er

To get the question form : Just add mı/mi as a separate word after the verb Example : yazayım mı / okuyasın mı/ girelim mi etc...

to get the negatıve form : Add maya/meye after the stem then add the suffixes Exaple : yazmayayım / okumayasın / girmeyelim / etc.... Uses : 1- Used to make suggestions. Example : İstanbul'a trenle gidelim . >>> Let' go to Istanbul by train . 2- Used to make wishes . Example : Ben çok ders çalışıyorum (study) iyi notlar (marks) alayım(almak=to get/take) . >>> I study a lot to get good marks . Note : We usually use the third person impertive instead of the third person subjunctive . Example: trenle gitsin ( not trenle gidesin ) >>> let him go by train top

What have we achieved in this lesson ? 1- You have learnt various means of transport . 2- You have learnt how to conjugate and use "ile" . 3- You have learnt how to conjugate and use the subjunctive . top

Lesson 11 : Clothes !! Dialogue | Vocabulary | Hard and soft consonants | Cardinal numbers | Order numbers | Objectives

Dialogue : Bob and Mary wanted to buy some gifts for their friends.Erksin suggested that they buy some clothes.She knows a very good store .Let's see Satıcı : Buyurun efendim ! Ne arzu edersiniz ?

Vendor : Welcome sirs/madams .What do you order ?

Mary : Biz hediye için bir şeyler satın almak istiyoruz .

Mary : We want to buy some gifts . Vendor : What like ?

Satıcı : Ne gibi ? Mary : henüz bilmeyiz ! Bir bakalım mı ? Satıcı : tabii efendim , buyurun bakın ! Erksin : Bu etek güzel değil mi ?

Mary : We don't know yet ! May we have a look ? Vendor : Sure , madam . You are welcome ! Erksin : This skirt is beautiful ,isn't it ?

Mary : Beli çok güzel !Ama galiba Bob : Yes , it is ! But most probably çok pahalı ! very expensive . Erksin : Bu etek kaç lira ?

Erksin : How much is this skirt ?

Satıcı : otuz iki milyon lira .

Vendor : Thirty two million liras

Erksin : ucuz .Ben bu eteği alırım .

Erksin : It's cheap . I'll take this skirt

Mary : şu pantolon kaça ?

Mary : How much are those trousers ?

Satıcı : Otuz beş lira ?

Vendor : Thirty five million liras !

Bob : şu pantolon çok kısa ,Mary !!

Bob : Those trousers are very short , Mary !

Mary : Bir deneyeyim !

Mary : Let me try it .

Satıcı : Siz haklısınız efendim .

Vendor : You are right ,madam

Mary : They are very beautiful ,but Mary : Ne güzel , ama gerçekten really very short ! çok kısa . Bob : Ben hep haklıyım !! Bu ceket kaç numara ?

Bob : I am always right . What is the number of this Jacket . Vendor : 38

Satıcı : 38 Bob : Deneyeyim mi?

Bob : May I try it ? Vendor : Sure .

Satıcı : Elebette. Erksin : Mary , bu palto ne güzel . Mary : Hem de bu gömlek . Erksin : Bu palto bana uymuyor mu ? Mary : Galiba sana gelir ! Bob : He Mary he Erksin ! Bu ceket hakkında ne dersiniz ? Erksin : Galiba biraz uzun ! Mary : Erksin haklı . Bob : Ama rengini çok beğendim . Mary : çok uzun ,Bob . Eksin : Arkadaşın için bu fistan güzel mi .

Erksin : Mary , this coat is very pretty . Mary : This shirt too . Erksin : Doesn't this coat go with (match) me ? Mary : Most probably it does . Bob : hey Mary hey Erksin ,what do you say about this jacket ? Erksin : It's a little long . Mary : Erksin's right . Bob : But I liked its color a lot . Mary : It's very long , Bob . Erksin : Is this dress good for your friend .

Mary : Evet , çok güzel . Bu fistan Mary : Yes , it's very beautiful . I'll Ann için alırım . buy this dress for Ann .

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Vocabulary : hediye için (fixed postposition) şey

gift for thing

satın almak istemek gibi (fixed psotposition) bilmek bakmak etek pahalı ucuz almak şu pantolon kısa denemek gerçekten hep ceket palto gömlek uymak hakkında demek uzun renk beğenmek arkadaş fistan

to buy to want like to know to watch / to see skirt expensive cheap to take / to buy that trousers short to try / to test really / actually / in fact always (adverb) / all / the whole jacket coat shirt to match / go with about to say / to mean long / tall colour to like friend dress

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Grammar : Hard and soft consonants In your first TURKCE2020 free lesson ,you have learnt the hard and soft vowels .Now we shall learn the rule of hard and soft consonants . What are consonants ? They are : b c ç d f g h j k l m n p r s ş t v y z

The hard consonants are : çfhkpsşt The soft consonants are all other consonants : bcdgjlmnrvyz

The rule is : Some hard consonants are changed to soft ones when they are followed by a suffix that begins with a vowel . Hard Soft consonant consonant ç c ğ(common)/g(r k are) p b t d

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The cardinal numbers : 9 10 on dokuz 11 on 12 on 13 on 14 on 15 on 16 on 17 on 18 on 19 on 20 bir iki üç dört beş altı yedi sekiz dokuz yirmi 21 22 23 24 25 26 29 27 yirmi 28 yirmi 30 yirmi yirmi yirmi yirmi yirmi yirmi yirmi yedi sekiz otuz bir iki üç dört beş altı dokuz 31 32 33 34 35 39 36 otuz 37 otuz 38 otuz 40 otuz otuz otuz otuz otuz otuz altı yedi sekiz kırk bir iki üç dört beş dokuz 41 42 43 44 45 49 46 kırk 47 kırk 48 kırk kırk kırk kırk kırk kırk kırk 50 elli altı yedi sekiz bir iki üç dört beş dokuz 51 elli 52 elli 53 elli 54 elli 55 elli 56 elli 57 elli 58 elli 59 elli 60 bir iki üç dört beş altı yedi sekiz dokuz altmış 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 69 70 68 almış altmış altmış altmış altmış altmış altmış altmış altmış yetmi sekiz bir iki üç dört beş altı yedi dokuz ş 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 yetmi yetmi yetmi yetmi yetmi yetmiş yetmiş yetmiş yetmiş sekse ş bir ş iki ş üç ş dört ş beş altı yedi sekiz dokuz n 1 bir 2 iki

3 üç 4 dört 5 beş 6 altı

7 yedi

8 sekiz

89 sekse n dokuz 99 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 doksa doksa doksa doksa doksa doksa doksan doksan doksan n n bir n iki n üç n dört n beş altı yedi sekiz dokuz 300 400 500 800 900 100 200 600 altı 700 yedi üç dört beş sekiz dokuz yüz iki yüz yüz yüz yüz yüz yüz yüz yüz 9 999 999 222 222 dokuz 800 222 iki milyon 888 yüz 332 900 dokuz 7 000 204 100 sekiz yirmi iki üç 10 000 yüz 000 iki 000 yüz bin milyon yüz 000 dokuz doksan 000 yüz yüz sekiz iki yüz otuz on bin yüz dokuz yedi dört bin yüz yirmi iki iki bin bin bilyon seksen bin iki dokuz sekiz yüz yüz yirmi iki doksan dokuz 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 sekse sekse sekse sekse sekse seksen seksen n bir n iki n üç n dört n beş altı yedi

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order numbers : bir one iki two üç three dört four beş five altı six yedi seven sekiz eight dokuz nine on ten on bir yirmi otuz kırk elli

birinci first ikinci second üçüncü third dördüncü fourth beşinci fifth altıncı sixth yedinci seventh sekizinci eighth dokuzuncu ninth onuncu tenth on birinci yirminci otuzuncu kırkıncı ellinci

88 seksen sekiz

90 doksa n 100 yüz 1000 bin

1 trillion = bir trilyon

altmış altmışıncı yetmiş yetmişinci seksen sekseninci doksan doksanıncı yüz yüzüncü iki yüz iki yüzüncü dört yüz bir dört yüz birinci bin bininci on yedi bin iki yüz on yedi bin iki yüz beş beşinci

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What have we achieved in this lesson ? 1- You have learnt how to talk about clothes . 2- You have learnt the rule of hard and soft consonants . 3- You have learnt the cardinal numbers . 4- You have learnt the order numbers . top

Turkish basic expressions : Note : This page is written in turkish !To view turkish letters right , click view >>>encoding>>>more>>> turkish.

General | Greetings | Questions | The time | Months | Days | Cardinal numbers | Order numbers | The city and the country | Colours | Clothes and accessories | Common phrases | Family and relatives | Food and beverages | Vegetables | Fruits and nuts | House | Countries , nationalities and languages

General yes evet no hayır thanks teşekkürler thanks a lot çok teşekkürler reply to bir şey değil

thanks excuse me affedersiniz teessüf ederim / özür sorry dilerim reply to bir sorun değil sorry

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Greetings good morning gün aydın good evening iyi akşamlar good night iyi geceler hi selam / merhaba welcome hoş geldiniz reply to hoş bulduk welcome how are you nasılsınız I am fine iyiyim görüşmek üzere / goodbye Allahaısmarladık reply to güle güle / görüşmek üzere goodbye

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Questions : what how why who which where where from where to when what hour what does this mean :

ne nasıl niçin / niye / neden kim hangi nerede nereden nereye ne zaman saat kaçta bu ne demek

how much with what with whom whose is there / are there do you have ...

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the time centuryyüzyıl year yıl / sene month ay day gün hour saat dakika / minute dakka second sanya season mevsim mornin sabah g noon öğle evenin akşam g night gece winter kış spring bahar summe yaz r aumtu sonbahar mn

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Months January Ocak Februar Şubat y March Mart

ne kadar neyle kiminle kimin var mı sizde ... var mı

April May

Nisan Mayıs Hazira June n Temmu July z Ağusto August s Septem Eylül ber October Ekim Novemb Kasım er Decemb Aralık er

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Days Pazarte si Tuesday Salı Wednesd Çarşam ay ba perşem Thursday be Friday cuma cumart Saturday esi Sunday Pazar Monday

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Cardinal numbers 9 dokuz 11 on 12 on 13 on 14 on 15 on 16 on 17 on 18 on 19 on bir iki üç dört beş altı yedi sekiz dokuz 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 yirmi 28 yirmi 29 yirmi yirmi yirmi yirmi yirmi yirmi yedi sekiz yirmi 1 bir 2 iki

3 üç 4 dört 5 beş 6 altı

7 yedi

8 sekiz

10 on 20 yirmi 30 otuz

bir iki üç dört beş altı 31 32 33 34 35 36 otuz 37 otuz otuz otuz otuz otuz otuz altı yedi bir iki üç dört beş 41 42 43 44 45 46 kırk 47 kırk kırk kırk kırk kırk kırk altı yedi bir iki üç dört beş 51 elli 52 elli 53 elli 54 elli 55 elli 56 elli 57 elli bir iki üç dört beş altı yedi 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 altmış altmış altmış altmış altmış altmış altmış bir iki üç dört beş altı yedi 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 yetmi yetmi yetmi yetmi yetmi yetmiş yetmiş ş bir ş iki ş üç ş dört ş beş altı yedi 81 82 83 84 85 sekse sekse sekse sekse sekse n bir n iki n üç n dört n beş 91 92 93 94 95 doksa doksa doksa doksa doksa n bir n iki n üç n dört n beş 100 yüz

300 200 üç iki yüz yüz

204 iki yüz dört

332 üç yüz otuz iki

400 dört yüz

100 10 000 000 yüz on bin bin

500 beş yüz

900 000 dokuz yüz bin

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Order numbers bir one iki two

birinci first ikinci second

dokuz 39 38 otuz 40 otuz sekiz kırk dokuz 49 48 kırk kırk 50 elli sekiz dokuz 58 elli 59 elli 60 sekiz dokuz altmış 69 70 68 almış altmış yetmi sekiz dokuz ş 78 79 80 yetmiş yetmiş sekse sekiz dokuz n 89 86 87 88 90 sekse seksen seksen seksen doksa n altı yedi sekiz n dokuz 99 96 97 98 doksa 100 doksan doksan doksan n yüz altı yedi sekiz dokuz 800 900 600 altı 700 yedi 1000 sekiz dokuz yüz yüz bin yüz yüz 9 999 999 222 222 dokuz 800 222 iki milyon 888 yüz dokuz 7 000 sekiz yirmi iki 1 yüz 000 yüz bin milyon trillion doksan 000 sekiz iki yüz = bir dokuz yedi yüz yirmi iki trilyon bin bilyon seksen bin iki dokuz sekiz yüz yüz yirmi iki doksan dokuz

üç three üçüncü third dört four dördüncü fourth beş five beşinci fifth altı six altıncı sixth yedi seven yedinci seventh sekiz eight sekizinci eighth dokuz nine dokuzuncu ninth on ten onuncu tenth on bir on birinci yirmi yirminci otuz otuzuncu kırk kırkıncı elli ellinci altmış altmışıncı yetmiş yetmişinci seksen sekseninci doksan doksanıncı yüz yüzüncü iki yüz iki yüzüncü dört yüz bir dört yüz birinci bin bininci on yedi bin iki yüz on yedi bin iki yüz beş beşinci

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The city and the country : capital municipality street alley Square road pavement / sidewalk sewer pedestrian crowd railway tunnel

başkent belediye cadde sokak meydan yol yaya kaldırımı lağım yaya kalabalık demiryolu tünel

tower status bridge region / area district quarter palace fountain university bank hospital tent garage parking circus park zoo library theatre cinema club casino store supermarket baker's butcher's fishmonger's cafe laundry bookshop coiffeur office market factory village field villa garden mill wood

burç statü köprü bölge bölge mahalle saray fiskiye üniversite banka hastane çadır garaj park sirk park hayvanat bahçesi kütüphane tiyatro sinema kulüp gazino mağaza süpermarket fırıncı kasap balıkçı kahvehane çamaşırhane kitapçı kuaför ofis çarşı fabrika köy tarla villa bahçe değirmen orman

canal tomb / grave borders

kanal mezar sınırlar

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Colours : beige black blue brown golden green grey mauve orange pink purple red silver

bej siyah mavi kahve rengi altın rengi yeşil gri / külrengi leylak rengi portakal rengi pembe mor al / kırmızı gümüş rengi

turquoi turkuaz se white beyaz yellow sarı dark koyu light açık

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clothes and accessories : (in alphabetical order ) anorak anorak bathrobe bornoz blouse bluz

bra sutyen cap kasket coat palto dress elbise girdle kemer gloves eldiven handkerch mendil ief hat şapka jacket ceket jeans blucin nightdressgecelik overalls tulum panties kadın külotu pullover kazak pyjamas pijama raincoat yağmurluk sandals sandal scarf eşarp shirt gömlek shoes ayakkabı skirt etek slip kombinezon slippers terlik socks kısa çorap stockings uzun çorap suit takım elbise sweater kazak uzun kollu pamuklu sweatshirt kazak swimsuit mayo tie kravat tights külotlu çorap trousers pantolon underpant külot s waistcoat yelek

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Common phrases :

can I try this Bunu deneyebilir on ? miyim? This is so Bu çok güzel beautiful ! How much is Bu ... kaça ? this ... I 'll take this ... bu ... alırım . Where to pay ? ödemek nerede it's too long fazla uzun it's too short fazla kısa this is too large bu fazla büyük this ... too small bu ... fazla küçük it's so expensivepek pahalı ... is cheap ucuz sale indirim

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Family and relatives : boy man bachelor son father husband baby brother cousin uncle( father's brother) uncle ( mother's brother) grandpa grandson relative orphan girl woman daughter wife

oğlan adam bekar oğul baba koca bebek kardeş amcazade / dayızade amca dayı dede torun hısım yetim kız kadın kız eş

child sister mother aunt (father's sister) aunt(mother's sister) grandma granddaughter

çocuk hemşire anne hala teyze nine torun

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Food and beverages : menu breakfast lunch dinner meal bread butter cheese yoghurt honey jam egg spaghetti macaroni pizza hamburger meat minced meat beef cutlet sausage fish chicken soup vegetable soup

yemek listesi kahvaltı öğle yemeği akşam yemeği yemek ekmek tereyağı peynir yoğurt bal reçel yumurta spagetti makarna piza hamburger et kıyma sığır eti pirzola sucuk / sosis balık tavuk çorba sebze çorbası

tomato soup

domates çorbası mercimek lentil soup çorbası onion soup soğan çorbası pickles turşu oil yağ sugar şeker salt tuz mustard hardal vinegar sirke sause salça salad salata tart turta milk süt coffee kahve cream krema tea çay fruit juice meyve suyu beer bira wine şarap whisky viski bitter acı sweet tatlı hot sıcak cold soğuk fresh taze raw çiğ rice pilav

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Vegetables : lemon limon cucumbe hıyar r tomato domates cauliflow karnaba er har cabbage lâhana

onion garlic radish

soğan sarımsak turp maydan parsley oz carrot havu? bean fasulye potato patates lettuce marul eggplant patlıcan spinach İspanak pepper biber artichokeenginar quince ayva pine çam zucchini kabak turnip şalgam

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Fruits amd nuts : bananas muz oranges portakal mandarin mandali es na appels elma grapes üzüm figs incir mangoes mango dates hurma apricot kay?s? strawberri çilek es pineapple ananas raspberry dut watermel karpuz on melon kavun Plum armut peaches erik

pears armut pomegran nar ate hazels fındık pistachios fıstık almonds badem kuru raisins üzüm

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House : building floor / storey flat lift stairs door key window roof

inşaat kat

daire asansör merdiven kapı anahtar pencere çatı zemin / floor döşeme bathroom banyo shower duş toilet tuvalet hall hol corridor koridor balcony balkon sofa kanepe chair iskemle table masa curtain perde carpet halı cupboard dolap bedroom yatak odası bed yatak pillow yastık

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Countries , nationalities and languages : Country/conti nent (England) Europe Belgium Netherland Germany France England Spain Russia Poland Portugal Italy Scotland Greece Yugoslavia Romanya Bulgaria Croatia Serbia Bosnia Czec Slovakia Austria Hungary Swtizerland Sweden Norway Finland Turkey Albania Bellorussia Denmark

nationality Language Englishman/Eng English lish Avrupa Avrupalı Belçika belçikalı fransızca/hollandalıca Hollanda hollandalı hollandalıca Almanya alman almanca Fransa Fransız fransızca İngiltere ingiliz ingilizce İspnaya İspanyal? İspanyolca Rusya rus rusça Polonya Polonyalı Polonyalıca Portekiz portekizli portekizce İtalya ialyalı italyaca İskoçya İskoçyalı İskoçyalıca yunanistan yunan yunanca Yugoslavya yugoslav sırp?a romanya rumen rumence bulgaristan bulgar bulgarca Hırvatistan Hırvat Hırvatça Sırbistan sırp sırpça bosna hersek boşnak sırpça/hırvatça çek çek çekçe cumhuriyeti Slovakya slovak slovakça Avusturya Avusturyalı almanca Macaristan macar macarca Almanca / İtalyaca / İsviçre İsviçreli Fransızca İsveç İsveçli İsveççe Norveç norveçli norveççe Finlandiya Fin Fince Türkiye türk türkçe Arnavutluk Arnavut Arnavutça Beyaz rusya beyaz rus beyaz rusça Danimarka danimarkalı danimarkaca country in turkish

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Estonya İrlanda Litvanya Makedonya Ukranya Asya Suriye Irak Ürdün Filistin İsrail İran arabistan Pakistan Hindistan Kazakistan Özbekistan Tacikistan Türkmenistan Çin Kore Japonya Kuveyt Lübnan Tayland Tayvan Avustralya Yeni zelanda

estonyalı irlandalı litvanyalı makedonyalı ukranyalı asyalı Suriyeli Iraklı ürdünlü Filistinli İsrailli iranlı arabi Pakistanlı hintli Kazak özbek tacik türkmen çinli koreli Japon kuveytli lübnanlı tay tayvanlı avustralyalı yeni zelandalı

estonca ingilizce litvanca makedonca ukranca arapça arapça arapça arapça İbranice farsça arapça urdu hintçe kazakça özbekçe tacikçe türkmence çince korece japonca arapça arapça tayca çince ingilizce ingilizce

yeni dünya

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Amerika(ABD) amerikalı Kanada Kanadalı Meksika meksikalı Venezuela venezuelalı Ekavtor ekvatorlu Brezilya brezilyalı Küba kübalı Afrika Afrikalı Mısır mısırlı Libya libyalı Cezair cezairli

ingilizce ingilizce ispanyolca ispanyolca ispanyolca portekizce ispanyolca arapça arapça arapça

South africa Nigeria Kenia Morocco

Güney Afrika Nijerya Kenya Fas

güney afrikalı Nijeryalı kenyalı Faslı

afrikanz ingilizce ingilizce arapça