• Author / Uploaded
• Beatrice Marcu

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CAUSATIVE FORM We use have + object + past participle to say that we arrange for someone to do something for us. David arranged for the builder to build a shed. David had a shed built. (He didn’t do it himself – the builder did it.) TENSE Present Simple Present Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Future Simple Future Continuous Present Perfect Present Perf. Cont. Past Perfect Past Perfect Cent. Infinitive -ing form

ACTIVE VOICE She paints her portrait. She is painting her portrait. She painted her portrait. She was painting her portrait. She will paint her portrait. She will be painting her portrait. She has painted her portrait. She has been painting her portrait. She had painted her portrait. She had been painting her portrait. She can paint her portrait. She likes painting her portrait.

CAUSATIVE FORM She has her portrait painted. She is having her portrait painted. She had her portrait painted. She was having her portrait painted. She will have her portrait painted. She will be having her portrait painted. She has had her portrait painted. She has been having her portrait painted. She had had her portrait painted. She had been having her portrait painted. She can have her portrait painted. She likes having her portrait painted.

 The verb to have, used in the causative, forms its negations and questions with DO/DOES (Present Simple) and DID (Past Simple). She doesn’t have her hair dyed. Did you have your curtains put up?  We can use the causative instead of the passive to express accidents or misfortunes. She had her car stolen. (= Her car was stolen.) He had his leg broken. (= His leg was broken.)  Get can be used instead of have in the causative. I had got my tooth taken out yesterday.  Get is stronger in meaning than have and can be used to suggest difficulty. Get the door repaired, will you? He finally got the seats booked.  Make / have + object + bare infinitive are used to express that someone causes someone else to do something, but their meaning is slightly different. He made Ann type the letter. (He insisted that Ann should type the letter.) He had Ann type the letter. (He asked Ann to type the letter.)  Get + obiect + to-infinltive is used to show that someone persuades someone else to do something. He got his mum to bake him a cake. (He persuaded his mum to bake him a cake.)

EXERCISES Read the situations, then write sentences using the causative form. 1 Our house is small. We need to build an extension. What should we do? …We should have an extension built 2 Liz is at the beauty parlour. The beautician is painting her nails. What is she doing? 3 Wilf has written a novel and it’s going to be published. What is Wilf going to do? 4 A jeweller has made a special wedding ring for Ann. What has Ann done? 5 Simon’s suits are all made by a tailor. What does Simon do? 6 They have been burgled three times. Putting in a burglar alarm would help. What should they do? 7 Tina’s boots have a hole in them. She can’t wear them until they are mended. What should she have done? 8 Sonia is going to the optician for an eye test tomorrow. What’s she going to do? 9 Trevor has paid a technician to install his computer. What has he done? 10 They had arranged for their house to be cleaned by the end of the week. Now it is clean. What had they done? 11 The grass has grown too much. What should they have done? 12 His tooth was filled yesterday. What happened to him? 13 No one has informed them of the meeting. What should he have done for them? Rephrase the following using have, make or get as in the example: 1 He insisted that John should finish the report. ...He made John finish the report. 2 She asked him to fix the tap. . 3 She persuaded her husband to cut the grass. 4 My teeth were polished yesterday. ... 5 He asked her to make his bed. .. 6 He insisted that the gardener should water the flowers. 7 The teacher asked them to rewrite the exercise. .. 8 The boss insisted that the secretary should type the letters. 9 Their new carpets were fitted yesterday. 10 She persuaded John to help her tidy the room. 11 He finally found a plumber to mend his toilet. 12 He persuaded his assistant to work late. Write sentences in the causative form as in the example: 1 John will have someone bring him the post. ...John will have the post brought to him. 2 Did Sheila ask the dressmaker to make her a dress? .... 3 When will his photographs be developed? .... 4 The decorators are decorating Tim’s house at the moment. 5 Your car needs to be serviced . 6 The gardener was pruning Bob’s bushes. .... 7 The manager had asked the secretary to book a room for him. 8 I paid someone to fix the roof of my house. 9 Let’s ask the porter to carry the luggage to the taxi. 10 Larry has got the plastic surgeon to remove his tattoo. 11 A nurse took her temperature. . 12 The make-up artist was applying the model’s lipstick. 13 Ask the cook to prepare the vegetables. 14 Have you told the accountant to check the figures? 15 Jim hates the teacher correcting his mistakes. 16 Did the beautician paint Joanne’s nails? .... 17 He told the maid to serve breakfast in his room. 18 Dad was late because the garage had been servicing his car. 19 Pam is going to tell someone to repair the pipes. 20 My parents’ house was burgled last Monday . 21 He used to employ a chef who cooked his meals. ... 22 Does your mother ask for her shopping to be delivered to her house? 23 Did you pay an artist to paint a portrait of your family? 24 Do you employ someone to clean your house? .... 25 Did you tell the tailor to make a suit for you?