• Author / Uploaded
• Emilio Alonso

Citation preview

Calculation and Diagrams software for Low Voltage Electrical installations

A.L.P.I. Camino Cerro de los Gamos 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón ( Madrid) España Phone 00 34 918975081 e-mail Web site

[email protected] http://www.caneco.es

edition 27/07/2009

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

3

Contents GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 7 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE .................................................................................................................... 7 DESIGN CALCULATION METHODS FOR LV ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS ................................................................. 10 Method 1: from Downstream to Upstream .............................................................................................. 10 Method 2: from Upstream to Downstream .............................................................................................. 10 Method 2: from Upstream to Downstream .............................................................................................. 11 PARTICULAR FUNCTIONALITIES OF CANECO BT .................................................................................................. 11 PARTICULAR FUNCTIONALITIES OF CANECO BT .................................................................................................. 12 An "Expert Design Engine" ..................................................................................................................... 12 Three Tools for Entering Circuits ............................................................................................................ 12 Automatic Design of Power Circuits ....................................................................................................... 13 Generation of a Customisable Technical Folder..................................................................................... 13 OVERVIEW OF THE APPLICATION INTERFACE........................................................................................................ 14 DATA ENTRY TOOLS .......................................................................................................................................... Network Single-Line Diagram ................................................................................................................. Board Single-line Diagram ...................................................................................................................... Spreadsheet ............................................................................................................................................

17 18 19 20

CREATING A SOURCE ......................................................................................................................................... 21 The Source Window ................................................................................................................................ 21 The Different Types of Source ................................................................................................................ 21 Setting the Source .................................................................................................................................. 22 Source Section ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Network Section ...................................................................................................................................... 23 Link Section............................................................................................................................................. 24 Board Source by lk .................................................................................................................................. 25 Description .............................................................................................................................................. 25 Calculation of an LV Source by Ik ........................................................................................................... 26 Board Source by R and X ....................................................................................................................... 27 This source allows an installation to be extended .................................................................................. 27

ENTRY AND SETTING OF CIRCUITS ......................................................................................... 29 DEFINITION OF STYLES IN CANECO BT ............................................................................................................... Concept of style ...................................................................................................................................... Examples of styles .................................................................................................................................. Circuit marking ........................................................................................................................................

29 29 29 31

METHODS OF ENTERING A CIRCUIT ..................................................................................................................... Creation of a new Circuit......................................................................................................................... Multiple entry of circuits .......................................................................................................................... Moving Circuits........................................................................................................................................ Duplicating Circuits ................................................................................................................................. Additional styles ...................................................................................................................................... Particular Case of Busbar ....................................................................................................................... LV/LV Transformer .................................................................................................................................. Capacitor ................................................................................................................................................. Busbar trunking system ..........................................................................................................................

32 32 33 34 35 36 36 39 41 42

SETTING A CIRCUIT ............................................................................................................................................ 44 The Circuit Sheet .................................................................................................................................... 44 Details of the different tabs in the circuit sheet ....................................................................................... 44 Details of information available in the "Downstream" tab ...................................................................... 45 Details on configuration of Coincidence and Use factors ....................................................................... 45

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

4

CIRCUIT CALCULATION .............................................................................................................. 47 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FORMULAS ON STANDARD CIRCUITS ......................................................................... 47 CALCULATION RULES FOR THE PROTECTION AND CROSS-SECTION OF A CABLE ................................................... 48 Protection provided by a circuit-breaker ................................................................................................. 48

INTERPRETING THE RESULTS ................................................................................................... 55 CALCULATION CRITERIA .................................................................................................................................... 55 METHODS OF DETERMINING PROTECTIONS IN CANECO BT .................................................................................. 56 PROTECTION ADJUSTMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 57 PROTECTION ADJUSTMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 58 Modular Circuit-Breaker .......................................................................................................................... 58 General purpose circuit-breaker ............................................................................................................. 59 RESULTS WINDOW ............................................................................................................................................. 60 CALCULATION OPTIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 61 Details on calculation options - "Calculation" tab.................................................................................... 61 Details on calculation options - "Protection" tab ..................................................................................... 62 Details on calculation options - "Cable" tab ............................................................................................ 63

DISCRIMINATION - COORDINATION ........................................................................................... 65 DISCRIMINATION - COORDINATION ...................................................................................................................... 65 Discrimination.......................................................................................................................................... 65 Coordination ............................................................................................................................................ 68

STANDBY SUPPLY ....................................................................................................................... 69 STANDBY SUPPLY.............................................................................................................................................. 69 Rules: ...................................................................................................................................................... 69 Description of a Standby Supply ............................................................................................................. 69

SCHEMATIC ................................................................................................................................... 73 STYLES BLOCKS ......................................................................................................................... 73 CREATING A CIRCUIT STYLE IN CANECO BT ....................................................................................................... 73  Description ..................................................................................................................................... 73  Configuration of the "Init" column ................................................................................................... 74  Details on the type of equipment in a style .................................................................................... 74 CREATING CIRCUIT BLOCKS IN CANECO BT ....................................................................................................... 75 INSERTING A DIAGRAM IN THE BOARD SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM .............................................................................. 77 INSERTING TEXT IN THE BOARD SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM....................................................................................... 78 MODIFYING THE DIAGRAM USING THE SYMBOL TABLE .......................................................................................... 79 CREATING NON-CALCULATED CIRCUITS (ASSOCIATED CIRCUITS) ........................................................................ 80 Defining associated circuits .................................................................................................................... 80 Entering associated circuits .................................................................................................................... 80 MANAGEMENT OF LABELS (NETWORK SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM) ............................................................................ 81 Creating labels ........................................................................................................................................ 81

PRINTING ....................................................................................................................................... 83 PRINT CONFIGURATION ...................................................................................................................................... 83 Composition of a Caneco BT print folder ................................................................................................ 83 Entering data for your project.................................................................................................................. 84 Inserting the LOGO ................................................................................................................................. 85 Creating a print folder ............................................................................................................................. 85 Creating a new Document model ........................................................................................................... 86 STANDARD CANECO BT DOCUMENT MODELS ................................................................................................... 88

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3              

5

« Flyleaf » ...................................................................................................................................... 88 « List of folios » .............................................................................................................................. 88 Supply calculation sheet: ............................................................................................................... 89 « Network single-line diagram » ..................................................................................................... 89 Circuit calculation sheet ................................................................................................................. 90 « Cables list » ................................................................................................................................. 90 Protection settings: ......................................................................................................................... 91 Consumer list: ................................................................................................................................ 91 Cable nomenclature: ...................................................................................................................... 92 Protection nomenclature: « Nomenclature prot. » ......................................................................... 92 Site single-line diagram 8 circuits per folio: .................................................................................... 93 Operator single-line diagram 8 circuits per folio: ............................................................................ 93 Panel builder single-line diagram 8 circuits per folio ...................................................................... 94 Industrial single-line diagram 8 circuits per folio ............................................................................ 94

PRACTICAL WORKSHOPS .......................................................................................................... 95 WORKSHOP 1: FAMILIARISATION WITH DATA ENTRY TOOLS .............................................................................. 96 WORKSHOP 2 – ADVANCED DATA ENTRY ....................................................................................................... 97 WORKSHOP 3 – CIRCUIT ANALYSIS................................................................................................................. 99 WORKSHOP 4 – CIRCUIT ANALYSIS............................................................................................................... 100 WORKSHOP 5 – CONNECTING A STANDBY SUPPLY ........................................................................................ 101 WORKSHOP 6 - PRINT MANAGEMENT ...................................................................... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 103 FACTS ABOUT CABLES..................................................................................................................................... 103 THE SYMMETRY FACTOR (FS) .......................................................................................................................... 104 ADDITIONAL EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING : AEB .................................................................................................. 105 GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................................................... 108

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

7

GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE Caneco BT has got certificates of compliance from various software certification organisations which confirm that its calculations comply with electrical standard rules: France UTE: (Union Technique de l’Electricité), certificate of compliance with NFC 15-100. UK : certificatre of compliance with the British Standard: BS7671 from IEE member Belgium : certificatre of compliance with the RGIE

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

Notes

8

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

Notes

9

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

10

DESIGN CALCULATION METHODS FOR LV ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS METHOD 1: FROM DOWNSTREAM TO UPSTREAM This involves sizing the distribution circuits i.e. defining their design currents according to the equipment supplied. This Downstream (equipment supplied) to Upstream (distributions and Source) approach is called Power requirement It cannot be carried out until the equipment has been defined.

Source power is calculated based on currents in the ending circuits or MSB outlets Upstream

Current in the circuit supplying TD1 is the sum of outlet current.

MSB

TD1

Downstream Outlet 1

Notes

Outlet 2

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

11

METHOD 2: FROM UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM

When the design currents in the distribution circuits have been defined, we have to define the protections and busbar trunking systems from the source to the final circuits. Sizing is performed by calculating among other parameters the accumulated voltage drops from the beginning of the installation, together with the short-circuit currents, which require knowledge of the impedances upstream of the circuit being designed. The method becomes Upstream (Source, then distribution circuits) to Downstream (terminal equipment).

Upstream

MSB

TD1

Downstream

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

PARTICULAR FUNCTIONALITIES OF CANECO BT AN "EXPERT DESIGN ENGINE" Which allows to determine:

Taking account of:

 PROTECTIONS

 All standard conditions

 CABLES

 Coordination and the limitation effect => saving opportunities on equipment

 BUSBAR TRUNKING SYSTEMS

 All installation requirements (normal and backup sources, inverters)

 CABLE TRAYS

THREE TOOLS FOR ENTERING CIRCUITS

Network Single-Line diagram tool for entering the

Board Single-Line diagram tool for adding the diagrams of non-calculated circuits Two display modes: Condensed

Spreadsheet tool for entering circuit data

Notes

12

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

AUTOMATIC DESIGN OF POWER CIRCUITS • •

•

All the circuits are designed automatically The automatic diagrams can be enhanced with: ⇒ auxiliary electrical diagrams ⇒ other non-calculated circuits Consistency between Diagrams and Calculations: any change in the calculation is automatically included in the diagrams, and vice versa.

GENERATION OF A CUSTOMISABLE TECHNICAL FOLDER • • • •

Ability to create and install Caneco BT document templates in a folder Import of sheets created in AutoCad, Word, etc. Export under DXF, Excel, etc. format Folder printing

Notes

13

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

14

OVERVIEW OF THE APPLICATION INTERFACE  The interface is similar to that of most programs running under Windows environment  The menu bar located at the top of the screen. The menu commands enable you to directly trigger an action or to display a sub-menu or dialog box  The tool bar under this menu bar allows direct access to a command in one of the menus.

Spreadsheet

Board Single-line Diagram

Network Single-Line diagram

Length of circuits

Button for creating/modifying circuits

Designations of circuits

Consumption of circuits

Main screen: Example with Network Single-Line diagram

Project tree structure (previous network graph with added project-specific information)

Calculation results

Calculation report containing warnings

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

15

"List of Folders" project tree structure Allows access to all information relating to your project: - symbol library - the manufacturer files that you use - project-specific documents: image files (wmf or dxf) or text files (rtf) used in the project for printing documents or folders - Modification indexes - project tree structure

Calculation report After circuit calculations, useful information on the calculations is displayed in this window in order to assist the analysis of the results.

Fig 1.

Certain comments are followed by a code in brackets (C106 in the image on the right) to prompt the user to consult the list of warnings for additional information. This list is available in Help in the section entitled "Warnings and remarks"

Fig 2.

Right-click a line to display a pop-up menu (Fig. 2): "Reach circuit" takes you to the circuit "Help on remark" displays a balloon help containing information concerning the remark (Fig.)

Fig 3.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

Calculation results

This window summarises all the fundamental calculation results : Calculated cross-sections Calculation criterion Withstand current Design current Short-circuit currents Circuit and overall voltage drop Discrimination Coordination An appropriate reading of this window allows an effective analysis of the results.

Windows: "Network graphic" "Calculation Report" "Calculation results" are activated from the "Display" option in the Main Menu

Notes

16

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

17

DATA ENTRY TOOLS When a project is open (after being created or opened) a window showing its circuits appears under the tool bar. Their representation depends on the entry tool which is active. This can be: Data entry tool Spreadsheet Data entry tool Board Single-Line Diagram Data entry tool Network Single-Line Diagram Icons and menus remain identical in the three tools. In addition, for the spreadsheet and the Board Single-Line Diagram, three data entry areas facilitate circuit entry: Upstream/dow Spread nstream Board single-line Network single-line sheet distribution

Creation button / circuit changes

circuit styles

Consumption

length

All three tools offer several options for entering and moving circuits:

Notes

•

Inserting circuits and circuit blocks (in the board single-line diagram)

•

copy/pasting one or more circuits

•

moving circuits

•

multiple entry of circuits

•

Use of circuit styles (see section entitled "Circuit Styles")

designation

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

18

NETWORK SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM

The Network Single-Line diagram allows the user to edit and view the schematic representation of the complete project or of its main circuits.

Redraw (refresh)

Distribution choice

Rebuild (refresh)

Wiring system: cable or CEP

HV/LV transformer:

MSB

Busbars

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

19

BOARD SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM The advantage of the board single-line diagram is that it gives a schematic representation of the present distribution. This allows in particular checking the correct connection of circuits when they come from bus bars. This tool also enables the user to create associated circuits representing the control section of a power outlet (noncalculated circuits).

All the circuits to the right of the dotted line in the window are supplied by the greyed-out distribution in the network graphic. (T_001 in this case), shown by the feeder to the left of the dotted line

The board single-line diagram can show diagrams in two ways:  

Condensed representation Representation as printed

The choice is made in the "Board single-line diagram" tab of the "Preferences" window.

Condensed representation

Representation as printed

Allows to view:    

Notes

Ground bar Symbol attributes Terminals of equipment supplied Terminal numbers

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

20

SPREADSHEET The advantage of the spreadsheet is that it gives a representation of data for the present distribution. This tool allows very fast data entry. Data entry on the spreadsheet automatically generates a schematic in the board and Network Single-Line diagrams outlined below.

This board (T_001) feeds all the circuits in the window

- Each line represents a circuit - All the circuits in the window are supplied by the greyed-out distribution in the network graphic. (T_001 in this case) - See image on right

To change the ref mark of a distribution, right-click on the network graph and select "Rename distribution"

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

21

CREATING A SOURCE THE SOURCE WINDOW  Any creation of a project in Caneco BT starts with the automatic opening of a dialog window entitled "Normal Source".  This window defines the general characteristics of the network, the source and the Source-MSB wiring system.  Certain default values are proposed: these must be checked and corrected as required. The mandatory information to be entered is the power of the source.

Characteristics of the Source

Characteristics of the Network

Characteristics of the Wiring system

THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOURCE Transformer

1 to 6 transformers (identical in parallel)

Generating set

Board by R and X

1 to 6 Generating Sets (identical in parallel)

Example of functional configurations (source with 2 transformers) Notes

Board by lk

Yellow rate

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

22

Calculation of iks (short-circuit currents) 1 Mini 2 Maxi

Ik Min: Calculated with the smallest number of transformers in order to adjust the protection. Ik Max: Calculated with the maximum number of transformers, determination of Icu values for downstream protections and verification of the thermal stress for the MSB-source wiring system.

2 Min 2 Max

SETTING THE SOURCE SOURCE SECTION

Short-circuit voltage expressed in %

Nominal source power

Number of sources: Min: trip on Ikmin

Type of Source: • Transformer • Generator • LV with Ik

Dielectric type

Characteristics of transformers: • Files: if standard transformer • Ukr: if non-standard transformer

Details on dielectric type SEC95.ZTR : :

Notes

UTE95.ZTR 95.ZTR oil

dry transformers, Ukr = 6% oil- transformers

50--630 Ukr = 4% 800--500 Ukr = 6%

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

23

NETWORK SECTION

Selection of Standard used for the project C1510002 : Dec. 2002

Standard

HD 384 IEC 364 CEI 64-8 UNE VDE BS7671-92 RGIE

: European (Harmonised Document) : international : Italian : Spanish : German : British Standard : Belgian

Choice of Source Neutral Point Connection (TNC by default) Neutral point connection

TT : 1st letter: neutral to earth 2nd letter: chassis to earth Most commonly-used system in low voltage public distribution TN : 1st letter: neutral to earth 2nd letter: chassis to neutral IT : 1st letter: neutral isolated or impedant 2nd letter: chassis to earth

Polarity

T HV Prot Func Sk HV Min

Sk HV Max

Notes

3P + N + PE : P + N + PE : P+N : 3P + PEN :

3-phase installation (TNS by default) single-phase installation single-phase installation 3-phase installation (TNC by default)

HV protection operating time: Specify a value different from the maximum value if your source is a HV supplied transformer and the HV network is backed up by alternators. In this case specify the short-circuit power of the alternators: Sk min HV =3 times the power of the alternators (X’d=30%) To determine the ikmax values of the LV network 500 MVA, the short-circuit power of the French 20 kV network, proposed by default: this can be modified Choose the lower values to take account for example of high-impedance overhead LV networks. This parameter only has a low impact on Ik calculations.

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

24

LINK SECTION

Total length of circuit Choice of installation method; this parameter is taken over by default depending on the calculation tools Choice of type of wiring system (will be taken over by default depending on the calculation tools): - cable - busbar trunking system : busbar sheath

Field Help

Imposed Normati

Correction factor for grouping several circuits or cables (see Table 52N in Standard).This factor is calculated according to the installation method and the number of conductors in parallel determined by Caneco BT Symmetry Factor (depending on the standard) 1 : installation is symmetrical 0.8 : installation is not symmetrical Proposed at 1, but 0.8 is mandatory for 3 conductors in parallel.

Fixing of number of conductors per phase

crosssection of phase fixing of cross-section conductor Number of conductors per phase

Loaded neutral: a coefficient of 0.84 is applied if this box is ticked. If TH > 15%, this box is ticked automatically.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

25

BOARD SOURCE BY IK DESCRIPTION This is a Low Voltage source for which you define the short-circuit current at the origin. This applies: - if you are supplied directly by the electricity company (usually 36 kVA to 250 kVA) - if you start your installation from a distribution board in an existing installation The following characteristics of the origin of the installation are required in order to design such a system: - current available - maximum 3-phase short-circuit current (Ik3 max)

- any voltage drop

The neutral and PE impedances are generally unknown hence the calculations are not very accurate, particularly in the case of Ik minimum values and If, and therefore the magnetic settings may not be very accurate. This type of source is thus not advisable in the following two cases:  Low Voltage supply from an HV-LV transformer belonging to the local distributor and installed close to the LV delivery point: (this is the case for the EDF yellow rates in France), in which it is preferable to define in Caneco the characteristics of this transformer and the wiring system up to the delivery point (Tariff Source 2).  Extension of an existing installation: it is always preferable to describe the existing installation so that all the impedances upstream of the starting point of your installation are accurately determined.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

26

CALCULATION OF AN LV SOURCE BY IK Caneco BT determines phase-to-phase impedances on the basis of the 3-phase short-circuit current. It is standard practice to distribute the impedances over the neutral and PE so as to obtain Ik min and If values equal to Ik3Max/2. This arbitrary convention results in a source characteristic which is unfavourable and therefore safer. For a direct supply from the utility boars ( ex EDF Blue Rate connection 0 for a given cable length, decrement this field to bring the value back to 0.

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

29

CIRCUITS DATA ENTRY AND SETTING DEFINITION OF STYLES IN CANECO BT CONCEPT OF STYLE  In Caneco BT circuit creation is performed automatically using circuit models known as "styles". A style represents an outlet (protection + wiring system + terminal equipment) having a certain number of attributes by default (type of cable, type of terminal equipment, polarity, installation method, etc.)  Caneco BT offers 10 basic default styles, corresponding to standard circuits: Motor, Socket, Lighting, Heating. Miscellaneous, Board, Busbar Trunking, Capacitor, LV-LV Transformer and Busbar.  These styles may be modified and completed by the user in order to create personal styles.

EXAMPLES OF STYLES

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

30

STYLE

Default parameters

Cable + Protection

Protection type Minimum Rating Indirect contact protection Etc.…

Default protection

Default wiring system

Cable Busbar trunking system

Distribution BOARD

Equipment

CIRCUIT

Default Diagram

Default terminal equipment

LV/LV

Busbar trunk

Polarity Type Core Length Installation method Minimum cross-section DU max Etc.…

Type Consumption Cos phi Number Use Coef Etc.…

Equipment Motor Lighting Etc.

Important: The user can create personalised styles by defining the default diagram and/or parameters.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

31

CIRCUIT MARKING

CIRCUIT MARKING IS MANDATORY

Ref mark (mandatory)

Designation (optional)

Number of characters

Board 15

circuit 15

Busbars 15

Default marking

DB_

C_

BB_

User markings

MSB

Supply_1

JB1

Ref mark (mandatory)

Distribution 36

circuit 36

Main Switch Board

Htg. suppl.

Designation (optional)

Number of characters

Associated Circuit 15

Default marking

AS_

CP_

STY_

User markings

AS12

CEP1

TELER

CEP

Style

Distribution

circuit

15

15

36

36

A default marking is associated to each style; one for the circuit and an other for the equipment The "Automatic Ref Marks" tab in the "Preferences" window allows the default markings to be customised.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

32

METHODS OF ENTERING A CIRCUIT CREATION OF A NEW CIRCUIT A new circuit can be created in several ways. We shall take the example of creating a distribution board. You can: 1. Either use the "New Circuit" button in the main window right-clicking on the distribution + New Distribution

3. Or from the project tree structure, by

2. Or by right-clicking from the data entry window and selecting New Circuit in the pop-up menu

4 – Or from the main menu, by choosing Circuits/New

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

MULTIPLE ENTRY OF CIRCUITS Example: entering three motor outlets ***** 1. Select the busbar

2. Press and hold the SHIFT key on the keyboard and select the motor style

3. A window is displayed and prompts you to enter the desired number of outlets. 4. Release the SHIFT key and enter the number of circuits then confirm by OK

Notes

33

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

MOVING CIRCUITS Caneco BT offers two ways for moving circuits: ⇒

Based on the circuit sheet Please, enter here distribution on which circuit will be connected

⇒

By using "Drag and Drop" (available from version 5.1.4)

1. Select the circuit to be moved

2. Drag the selected circuit to the target distribution

3. Release the mouse button. The circuit is placed on the busbar Remarks: 1. This operation can also be performed by dragging the circuit to be moved on the network tree

2. You can also move a distribution with all the associated outlets

Notes

34

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

35

DUPLICATING CIRCUITS Caneco BT offers several ways of copying circuits: By using Copy-Paste after selecting the circuit(s) 1. Select and copy the circuit

2. Paste the circuit

After having selected the circuit(s), press the Ctrl key on the keyboard then duplicate the selection on the desired distribution (in the network diagram or in the network tree) 1. Select and press the Ctrl key

Notes

2. Move the selection to the distribution and release it

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

36

Additional styles In order to complete the circuit types in Caneco BT, we offer you 7 additional styles. They appear automatically in the usual list and automatically manage the diagram and calculation attributes. These styles can be modified. Lighting plus emergency

Motor protected by circuit breaker

Motor protected by circuit breaker with contactor (direct starting)

C

M

M

I>

T

U,f

M

M

M

Busbars with 30 mA differential switch

M

Ond

Branch grid supply with protection

UPS supply

Motor protected by a circuit breaker with a regulator

Circuit-breaker protected by "Integral" type circuit-breaker

Particular Case of Busbar In Caneco BT Busbars (sub-busbars) are considered as part of a cabinet, hence you can have various busbars within one board.

Construction principle Main busbar

Board supply inlet

Busbar

Supply to downstream circuits

BOARD

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

37

Entering busbar Busbar is available as a style in Caneco BT under the name "Busbar" You select it by clicking on "New circuit" in the drop-down menu.

CONNECTING CIRCUITS SUPPLIED BY THE BUSBAR ⇒

in spreadsheet mode

Understand: circuits PC1, CH1 and TD1 JB2 are connected to busbar TD1 JB1. This field enables a circuit to be connected to a busbar

⇒

in the Network Single-Line Diagram: using the move function by Drag - Drop

⇒

From the circuit sheet: by selecting the busbar to which the circuit is to be connected

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

38

Schematic representation of busbar

t

in the Network Single-Line Diagram

BOARD

CIRCUITS SUPPLIED BY THE BUSBARS

in the Board Single-Line Diagram

Busbar and associated circuits

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

39

LV/LV TRANSFORMER Board isolating device

MSB prot: NS160H TM160D

Circuit protection

TRBTBT

80 kVA

kOversizing

116A x 1.2 = 139A

The oversizing coefficient proposed by Caneco BT is 1.2. This average coefficient may lead to heavier protection being chosen that those sometimes recommended by the manufacturer. In this case, the protection parameters should be fixed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Example: In our example MERLIN GERIN recommends an NS160N/H/L TM125D for the protection of LV/LV transformers

Impossible d’afficher l’image.

fixing When power is applied to LV/LV transformers, the inrush current is large and must be taken into consideration when choosing a device to protect against overcurrents. The peak value of the first current wave often reaches 10 to 15 times the rated RMS current of the transformer and may, even for power ratings of less than 50 kVA, reach levels of 20 to 25 times the rated current. This transient switch-on current is very rapidly damped (a matter of milliseconds: 40 ms approximately).

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

Extract from the SCHNEIDER documentation on the protection of LV/LV transformers

Notes

40

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

41

CAPACITOR MSB

30 kVar Ib = 43A

kOversizing 43 x 1.5 = 65 A

Caneco BT choice: NS100N TM80D

C Manufacturer table: NS100N TM63D

fixing Extract from the SCHNEIDER documentation Minimum setting of a Compact or Masterpact circuit-breaker depending on the power of the capacitor set (400 V network):

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

42

BUSBAR TRUNKING SYSTEM MSB Cable supplying the busbar trunking system. Its length is defined in the circuit tab

C-2

T-1

M

Trunking length must be entered in the length field of the downstream tab

Configuration of the busbar trunking system Transport Distribution

the CEP conveys the electrical energy to the distribution circuits: the load is assumed to be located at its end.

Comb Distribution

the CEP supplies the distribution circuits over its length

Transport Terminal

the CEP conveys the electrical energy to the consumer circuits: the load is assumed to be located at its end.

Comb Terminal

the CEP supplies the consumer circuits over its length

Arrangement of the busbar trunking system Derating coefficient which reduces the withstand current in the CEP depending on the arrangement

Notes

Standard

standard arrangement (according to manufacturer's recommendation)

Perpendicular

Arrangement perpendicular to the standard arrangement (according to manufacturer's recommendation)

Vertical

Vertical mounting

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

43

Configurations

Comb Terminal

Transport Terminal

Comb Distribution

Busbar Trunking System length

Busbar Trunking System length

Final circuits Final circuits Distance from origin

Distribution circuit Distribution circuits Distance from origin

Calculation method Voltage drop Comb : voltage drop calculated with mean I=IB/2 Transport : voltage drop calculated with IB end Protection against indirect contacts Terminal (final circuits): max time according to table 41 (HD384) Distribution : maximum time 5s or according to table 41(HD384) (user preferences) Notes

Transport Distribution

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

44

SETTING A CIRCUIT THE CIRCUIT SHEET This configuration window is displayed when you double-click on a circuit: in this example it is a "Board" circuit

Circuit ref mark The button switches from a minimum display to a detailed display Protection section

Cable ref mark Tools for navigating between circuits

Cable section Equipment ref mark Equipment section

DETAILS OF THE DIFFERENT TABS IN THE CIRCUIT SHEET

Upstream

Reading information from the upstream board

Circuit

Allows circuit settings to be defined (ref mark, type of protection, consumption, etc.)

Additional data

Contains additional information for the circuit

Additional results

Enables certain circuit options to be defined

Discrimination by graphs

Graphically displays the result of the discrimination

Cable/Protection coordination

Displays a graphical superimposition of the protection trip graph and that of the thermal stress for the cable

Compliance

Compliance form: displays details of the calculations

Downstream

Displays details of downstream distribution (Board, Trunking, trunk sys, LV-LV Transf.

Texts

Additional designations to be found in the board single-line diagram.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

45

DETAILS OF INFORMATION AVAILABLE IN THE "DOWNSTREAM" TAB

Board

Allows terminal equipment data to be entered (ref mark, coincidence factor, isolating device, designation, etc.)

Protection

Allows modification of protection-related information

UPS

Uninterruptible Power Supply: to connect an inverter (specify ref mark, power and number of inverters in parallel).

IK/du

Display of short-circuit currents

Impedances

Loop impedance upstream of MSB

Currents

Information on the various currents: I available, sum of Ib values, I authorised etc.

Schematic

Allows you to configure the schematic (earth conductor, terminals, etc.)

Temperature

Allows you to define the operating temperatures of the board protections

DETAILS ON CONFIGURATION OF DIVERSISTY/COINCIDENCE AND USE FACTORS The Diversisty/Coincidence factor requires detailed knowledge of the installation and experience of the operating conditions (motors, power sockets). In the absence of precise indications, the values can be taken in the table below: Type of Use

Factor Lighting and heating Industrial installation Powered equipment

Equipment use factor

b=1 b between 0.3 and 0.9 b = 0.75 (unless precise indication)

Type of Use

Diversisty/Coinciden ce factor

Lifts and elevators(**) (*) (**)

Notes

Factor

Lighting Heating and air conditioning Power socket

1 1 0.1 to 0.2 (*)

For the most powerful motor For the next motor For the others

1 0,75 0,60

: in certain cases (industry) it may be higher : Current to be taken into account: I = In + (Id / 3) for each motor

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

47

CIRCUIT CALCULATION

Lighting

Motor

Board

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FORMULAS ON STANDARD CIRCUITS Data

Calculations

Diagrams

U = 400 V Cos ϕ = 0.8 S = 100 kVA

Ib = S / U. 3 Ib = 100 / 400. 3 Ib = 144.3 A

U = 400 V Cos ϕ = 0.88 Pu = 11 kW n = 0.86 (2790 W) according to Caneco standard

U = 230 V Cos ϕ = 0.92 2*36 W ( 90 W with ballast) According to Caneco standard

cos

Ib = 20.98 A

P = U . I . cos

ϕ

Ib = P / U cos ϕ Ib = 90 / 0.92. 230 Ib = 0.425 A

the power socket is considered like an equipment which consumes 16 A Ib = 5 x 16 A = 80 A

0.1 ≤ Diversisty/Coincidence factors ≤ 0.2 example: 0.2 x 80 A = 16 A (for power socket circuits) Notes

3

Ib = 12790 / 0.88. 400 3

Power socket

U = 230 V Cos ϕ = 0.92 2*16 A: 2P+T No. of equipment: 5

ϕ Ib = P / U 3 cos ϕ

P = U . I.

Ib = 80 A

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

48

CALCULATION RULES FOR THE PROTECTION AND CROSS-SECTION OF A CABLE PROTECTION PROVIDED BY A CIRCUIT-BREAKER The circuit is characterised by: - the short-circuit current Ikmax at its origin - the design current IB - the type of cable - the wiring systemlength - the track conditions: Installation method Proximity Symmetry Harmonics rate Temperature BE2 / BE3 risk Etc.

Definition of the different abbreviations used In

: rated current, trip unit rating

Irth

:thermal circuit-breaker setting

Icu IT : breaking capacity with one pole in IT earthing system

Irmg : magnetic circuit-breaker setting Icu

: breaking capacity

Determination of Protection

Iz : current carrying capacity of the trunking system IB

: design current

Determination of cable cross-section The calculation of cable cross-section depends on the following 4 criteria:

In e Ib

and

Ib Icu e Ikmax

Irth e

Maximum current carrying capacity of the wiring systemsystem criterion (IN in Caneco BT) Voltage drop criterion- (DU in Caneco BT) Indirect contact criterion- (IC in Caneco BT) Short-circuit criterion - (SC in Caneco BT)

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

49

Overload condition (IN) (withstand current rule) Also valid for a thermal relay associated with a contactor  Iz after applying correction factors e Irth

Iz corrected = Iz from Table of the Standard x f1 x f2 x f 3 f1: temperature factor f2: group factor (circuit grouping) f3: additional factor: 0,84 : unbalanced neutral 0.85 : risk of explosion etc. fs: symmetry factor (1 or 0.8)

Iz from Table of the Standard The IN criterion depends on the wiring system and its track conditions

Voltage drop (dU) 

dU at circuit end d dU max in the Standard

dU Max for HD384 & C15-100

Lighting

Others

Supply by private HV/LV transformer

6%

8%

Direct supply from utility

3%

5%

*Voltage drop may be different according to the standard (ex 4%)

This criterion depends on: dU max permitted Length of cable Design current Cos. Phi dU Upstream

Notes

Cable cross-section

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

50

Protection against indirect contacts (IC) (electrical shocks) Principe : if there is a fault between a phase and the chassis of a terminal equipment, trip is mandatory:  on the first fault in TT and TN earthing system  on the second fault in IT earthing system If chassis

The standard defines a maximum trip time depending on the supply voltage and the neutral point connection (for ex 400 ms at 400 V under TN according to table 41A) This time may be as much as 5 seconds for distributions Note: If the operating time of the protection is greater than the time stipulated in the standard or if the circuit configuration requires, a suitable device must be used to protect people against indirect contact:

Basic protection: tripping of magnetic circuit breaker in the event of a fault to earth AEB : Additional Equipotential Bonding Equipot : earthing by connecting chassis together Other Diff : adjustable differential

See reminder of rules for using AEB and EQUIPOTENTIALITY appended hereto

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

51

Protection against short-circuits (thermal stress of cable) Different short-circuit currents L1

L2

L3

N

PE

Ik3

Ik2 Ik1Min Ik1Max If

For thermal stress Short-circuits are calculated at the end of the wiring system

In a short-circuit situation, the thermal stress limited by the protection must meet the following condition: k² S² e I² t For the value of k, please refer to Table 54B and 54D of NFC 15-100

Thermal stress: I ² . t

d

k ² . s ² ( for t d 5s ) Cable cross-section

Short-circuit current in the cable Operating time of the protection

Coefficient ( depending on each insulation family PVC/ XLPE) See Table 54B

This relationship must be met for each conductor calculated. Copper Alu k PR 143 94 PVC 115 76 table abstract Practical condition: Erreur ! Signet non défini. Ik min ≥ IrMg × 1,2Tol. (general purpose circuit-breaker) [ Tol.= tolerance: Depends on the trip unit technology] Erreur ! Signet non défini. Ik min ≥ IrMg max (modular circuit-breaker) value of operating range)

Notes

( IrMagmax = upper

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

52

PRINCIPLE OF COORDINATION BETWEEN A CABLE (THERMAL STRESS) AND ITS PROTECTION (trip curve) (the thermal stress curve for the cable must be to the right of the trip curve)

Curve representing cable thermal stress

Operating condition: Ikmin >= IrMgmax Ikmin is the lowest of the min short-circuit currents (Ik2, Ik1 or If) If protection against indirect contact is provided by a RCD or using Equipotential bonding or AEB, fault current If will not be taken into account for adjusting the protection magnetic relay adjustment.

Example:

Value of IrMg for the protection Max. setting for IrMg IrMgMax = Ikmin / 1.2 Ikmin is the lowest of the min. short-circuit currents (If in this case):

Notes

Short-circuit values at end of cable

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

PROTECTION PROVIDED BY A FUSE

Choice of Fuse In e Ib Pdf e Ip max With: Ip max = Ik max (RMS) x k (peak factor) Pdf: breaking capacity of switching device (disconnector or switch)

Determination of cable cross-section

Overload condition (withstand current rule) Iz corrected e k3 x In ( fuse gG) with k3 = 1.31 if In < 16 A k3 = 1.10 if In e 16 A

Voltage drop (same for circuit-breaker) dU at circuit end d dU max in the Standard

Protection against indirect contact (electrical shocks) Melting time of Fuse ( If ) d 400 ms in a 400 V system (Table 41A in the standard)

Protection against short-circuits (thermal stress) K² S² e Ik² mini x Tfus (fuse melting time)

Notes

53

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

55

INTERPRETING THE RESULTS CALCULATION CRITERIA Caneco BT calculates the minimum cable cross-sections in order to meet the 4 criteria of the Standard Calculation criterion Overload condition (withstand current rule)

Thermal stresses following short-circuit.

Protection against indirect contacts (Human protection)

Symb IN

CC

CI

Explanation

Cause

The cable is sized according to its Ib, Irth, all the coefficients, method of withstand current, which depends on the installation, type of cable (core, pole rated current or the thermal setting. (multicore or singlecore)) It is a MINIMUM cross-section according to IN Ik1 or Ik2 too low,

Cross-section chosen to ensure thermal stress for the cable on short-circuit. (on short-circuit)

Cross-section chosen to protect people against indirect contact

Remedy: - low magnetic, electronic protection - thermal trip if: 1. there are no indirect contacts: 2. we apply the rule "Exemption from verification of short-circuit tolerance of conductors" IF too low or Mg too high Remedy: Differential, equipotential, (distribution circuit) bare copper AEB (ending circuit) Low magnetic or electronic protection Length, IB (consumption, core of conductor) Max DU field

cross-section chosen in order to meet the voltage drop condition

Voltage drop

DU

Minimum cross-section

MIN

S: 1.5 mm² lighting (by default) 2.5 mm² power socket (by default) or an enforced cross-section

Cross-section fixed

FIXING

For example an existing cable

Remedy: if more than one equipment specify the distance from 1st equipment (calculation of voltage drop). Ability to enforce a minimum cross-section

Cross-section enforced

Therefore a cable calculated by Caneco BT always complies with the standard. If you enforce cross-sections, Caneco BT becomes a control software and checks compliance of the wiring system against the 4 standard criteria. If one criterion is not met, Caneco BT specifies that the wiring system is non-compliant. To make the calculation understandable, Caneco BT adds one or two exclamation marks (! or !!) to this criterion. ! 1 cross-section oversized by one section relative to the previous criterion ! 2 cross-sections oversized by two or more sections relative to the previous criterion

!! It leads to displaying warning C55: Very unfavourable calculation criterion (except for IN) Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

56

METHODS OF DETERMINING PROTECTIONS IN CANECO BT 1. Automatic economical choice (automatic): determination of protection according to an economic criterion (the lowest breaking capacity and the lowest rating). 2. User choice per model: uses the same principles as the "manual" choice in CANECO BT V4.4 but with more detail. More enhanced information is included in the manufacturer database if the files originate from EDIELEC. In this case, CANECO BT only provides possibilities offered by the manufacturer's catalogue. The trip unit poles and time delays are specified and CANECO takes them into account. Protection time delay becomes a selection criterion if the file type is EDIELEC and the "Delayed" box is ticked. In this case, the automatic choice looks for the most economical time-delayed protection.

Selection allows protection setting: IrTh, IrMg, Delay

Notes

“Simulation” function allows a dynamic calculation

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

57

3. Off-catalogue choice: It replaces the previous fixing of all the adjustment values of a protection in previous versions (V4). Version 5 of Caneco BT clearly states that the product is off-catalogue; a window allows specifying all the values necessary for a normative calculation except breaking capacity :

Free fields to be completed Example: NS 250N

TM40G

Specify the adjustment values

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

58

PROTECTION ADJUSTMENTS MODULAR CIRCUIT-BREAKER Modular Circuit-Breaker Type

Adjustment range

Thermal adjustment

Magnetic adjustment

C

5In - 10In

Fixed

Fixed

B

3In - 5In

Fixed

Fixed

D

10In - 20In

Fixed

Fixed

K

10In - 14In

Fixed

Fixed

Z

2.4In - 3.6In

Fixed

Fixed

Example of a trip curve for a modular circuit-breaker:

The trip range of the trip unit is between: 5In - 10In Manufacturers may suggest smaller tolerances. The device will certainly trip if:

Ik min i ≥ 10 × In

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

59

GENERAL PURPOSE CIRCUIT-BREAKER General purpose circuit-breaker (MCCB moulded case circuit-breaker (ACB, open case) Magnetothermal Trip Unit (TM) Rating

Magnetic adjustment

Magnetic adjustment

Up to 160 A

0.8 In to In

Fixed

200 A to 250 A

0.8 In to In

5In to 10In

Electronic Trip Unit (STR .. SE) Io: Preadjustment

0.5 to Irth

Ir: Thermal Adjustment Im: Magnetic Adjustment

0.4 In to In 2 In to 10 In

6 notches 8 notches

Example of a trip curve for a general-purpose circuit-breaker:

The trip curve is given with a tolerance of +/- 20% (maximum standardised tolerance). Manufacturers may suggest smaller tolerances. The device will certainly trip if:

Ik min i ≥ 1,2 × IrMg

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

RESULTS WINDOW This window summarises all the calculation results, with a colour code to specify compliance: - blue: correct value - orange: borderline value - red: non-compliant value

Notes

60

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

61

CALCULATION OPTIONS DETAILS ON CALCULATION OPTIONS - "CALCULATION" TAB Human Protection: If phase cross-section is equal to PE, we define a priority for increasing the conductor cross-section according to the choice made by the tick.

If ticked, we apply the values in Table 41A of the Standard (§ 411.3.2.2 of the NFC 15-100 Standard)

Adjustment of IB allows more favourable cable cross-sections. In this case ensure that the adjustment value of the thermal trip unit is not modified.

This option, if selected, avoids the trip condition: Ikmin >= IrMg max. WARNING: refer to the actual Standard for more details.( § 4.3.5. of the NFC 15-100)

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

62

DETAILS ON CALCULATION OPTIONS - "PROTECTION" TAB

Discrimination "from table": Caneco BT uses the discrimination tables provided by the manufacturers (same brand and catalogue year) Discrimination "from Calculation/curves": Caneco BT calculates the discrimination: (IrMgUpstream >= 1.5 x IrMgDownstream)

1 - Use of the limitation curves under thermal stress (I2.t) to calculate cross-sections.

2 - Use of the current limitation of circuit-breakers (determination of limited Ip peak according to the RMS short-circuit current): + Electrodynamic stress for busbar trunking systems + Association/coordination with downstream fuses

If ticked: Caneco BT looks for upstream and downstream protections with coordination (only if same manufacturer) If ticked: Caneco BT does coordination between fuse and switch. (Ability to choose switch having Icm < Ik peak downstream)

If ticked: Caneco BT checks if Icm Inter. >= Ik Peak is downstream circuit-breaker

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

63

DETAILS ON CALCULATION OPTIONS - "CABLE" TAB

Allows to define the cross-section from which Caneco BT will shift from multicore to single-core cables if the "Single > Smax" option is selected in the Pole field of the circuit sheet

Allows to define the cross-section from which Caneco BT will choose aluminium cables if the "Cu/Al" option is selected in the Core field of the circuit sheet

This option enables cross-sections to be calculated applying a tolerance of x% max. on Iz (according to standard used. Deselect the box if the specifications say that this allowance is not to be applied to the Source-MSB wiring system.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

65

DISCRIMINATION COORDINATION DISCRIMINATION - COORDINATION/BACKUP DISCRIMINATION, SELECTIVITY Caneco BT determines discrimination by tables, by curves, or by calculation. The choice is made in "Calculation Options" - "Protection" - "Discrimination Calculation".

The default option is "By tables" (manufacturer's discrimination tables). If the Upstream and Downstream protections are from different manufacturers, the software calculates discrimination according to the rule shown below: Disjoncteur Amont Disjoncteur Aval

The calculated discrimination is specified by brackets : e.g.: (total) Ir Mg Upstream x 0.8 >= Ir Mg Downstream x 1.2 1,5

1,2 IrMgUpstream ≥ = 1,5 IrMgDownstream 0,8

(- 20%) IrMg x 0,8

IrMg x 1,2 (+20%)

IrMg Aval

IrMg Amont

Caneco BT displays the discrimination status in the calculation results window: The possible results are: Discrimination Nil Partial discrimination Total discrimination Functional discrimination Time delay discrimination Discrimination Reinforced by association (MG, GE, etc.) (Selectivity+)

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

Partial discrimination

66

Total discrimination Discrimination on overload

Partial current discrimination (only up to threshold Im d1) Im d1 e 1.5 x Im d2 len

Th Mg

B ut

Current and chronometric discrimination (total)

Functional discrimination In practice, the most likely shortcircuits are at the equipment level. Discrimination ensured for any Ik at the end of the circuit.

Total discrimination ensured with a downstream limiter circuit-breaker

D1

1,5 ≤ D2

Example:

IrTh(upstream) ) IrTh(downstream)

Limit 2 kA

Ikmax

The ratio of 1.5 guarantees discrimination, regardless of the type of circuit-breaker

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

67

DIFFERENTIAL DISCRIMINATION

A

1. Total:  

Functionning time of A > functioning time of B Differential – residual e 3 times that of B B

2. Partial: 

Differential - residual current e 3 times that of B

A

3. Null: If default on downstream circuit (B), the upstream protection trips (B).

B

Discrimination

Meaning

Nil

the upstream protection trips at the same time as that of the circuit

Uncertain

the upstream protection is liable to trip at the same time as that of the circuit

Total

the circuit protection trips and the upstream protection does not

Not calculated

the differential discrimination is not calculated

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

68

BACKUP Backup is the use of the limiting power of the protective devices (fuses or circuit-breakers). The installation of an upstream limiting device enables the downstream use of circuits-breakers which do not have a breaking capacity (Icu) sufficient for the presumed short-circuit current (I k) at the point where they are installed: this arrangement can generate substantial savings. The current limitation is effective on all the circuits placed downstream and is not merely restricted to two successive equipment. Coordination can thus be applied at several stages. [A device with a lower breaking capacity is permitted as long as it is accompanied upstream by another device having the required breaking capacity. In such cases the characteristics of the two devices must be coordinated in such a way that the energy which they allow to pass is not greater than the energy which can be tolerated without damage by the device situated downstream and by the branch protected by these devices].

Without means: no association with upstream protection

Discrimination reinforced by coordination (manufacturer tables)

Breaking capacity increase by association with upstream protection.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

69

STANDBY SUPPLY STANDBY SUPPLY RULES: The type of standby supply proposed by default is "generator" (generator set or alternator). The standby supply can be connected at any point in the installation if the following conditions are met: - same neutral point connection - same service voltage and frequency - same polarity - board to be connected shall be calculated

DESCRIPTION OF A STANDBY SUPPLY

MSB by default, ability to connect to other boards from the list.

Three types of standby supply are possible: - Transformer - Generator set - Board by lk - Board by R and X

Previous Low voltage by Ik

Ability to copy or transfer the impedance values from an existing table

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

Details on the characteristics of the standby supply 15 characters max. Rated power of generator: 25 to 1000 kVA Same as normal supply Transfo: replacement transformer LV by Ik: 2 data are sufficient: Available current and Ik max for board LV Board: copy the impedances or note them File: genset file (standard generator) X’d : transient reactance (normative value: 30%) X’0 : homopolar reactance (normative value: 6%) File containing genset characteristics

Representation of standby supply in single-line diagrams On board single-line diagram

Notes

On Network Single-Line diagram

70

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

Connection of a Standby Supply

1. Create the standby supply

⇒ Either from the tool bar: By pressing the "Standby Supply" button ⇒ Or from the "Supplies" main menu:

Connection is done by selecting the distribution to which the standby supply will be connected

⇒

Or from the Standby sheet

⇒

Or from the "Supplies" main menu

Notes

71

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

72

Deletion‘ of a standby supply

⇒

Either from the tool bar

By pressing the "Delete Standby Supply" button ⇒

Or from the "Supplies" main menu:

Confirm by YES

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

73

SCHEMATIC STYLES BLOCKS CREATING A CIRCUIT STYLE IN CANECO BT  DESCRIPTION In Caneco BT, circuits are created based on templates called "Styles:. When a style is created using one of the three CANECO BT entry tools or with the data entry and detailed calculation dialog box, the circuit data and diagram are initialised according to the circuit style selected. A style represents an outlet (protection + wiring system + equipment) with a certain number of default attributes (type of cable, type of equipment, type of protection, polarity, installation method, etc.)

Caneco BT offers two types of style: ⇒

"Caneco styles" • These are "standard" styles • They can not be modified or deleted • There are 10 of them (in bold characters)

⇒

"Custom styles": • These are styles created by the user from standard or custom styles • They can be modified or deleted

Notes

Protection + Wiring system + Equipment + Diagram

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

74

 CONFIGURATION OF THE "INIT" COLUMN

The Init column allows you to define the initialisation of circuit data: it defines the first initialisation of the data for a circuit created by its style. Four options are available:

Init Yes

Meaning

No

means that this value will not be initialised (e.g. the designation)

Cond

means that initialisation is conditional i.e. determined by the program (prohibition of PEN conductor in certain cases, etc.)

Prev

means that the parameter will be initialised identically to the previous circuit (e.g. method of installation)

means that the parameter will be initialised with the value specified to the right

 DETAILS ON THE TYPE OF EQUIPMENT IN A STYLE Choosing to create a new circuit from a style means that CANECO BT identifies the type of equipment according to the standard style from which the selected style was itself created. On the basis of this information, CANECO BT performs particular operations e.g.: - automatic creation of a board if the style was created from the Board style - choice of particular power values: a circuit having a motor-type equipment gives access to the standard mechanical power values for motors. - check of the consistency of circuit data. For example: CANECO BT advises against the use of gG fuse protection for a circuit with motor-type equipment.

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

75

CREATING CIRCUIT BLOCKS IN CANECO BT A block in Caneco BT corresponds to a set of multiple circuits which can be created and moved as a group. This means: 1- Select a distribution e.g. columns 2, 3 and 4 2Ref mark mandatory if the "Designation" field is completed. Drag/Drop

The block is saved in a file with the ".blk" extension (Caneco.blk)

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

Another method 2- Select a distribution then Select the drop-down menu circuit / block / create

Dialog box opening

Notes

76

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

INSERTING A DIAGRAM IN THE BOARD SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM Example: Inserting a control diagram Step 1 Select associated circuit

Step 2 : select the associated menu: Edit / insert a diagram

The dialog box opens

Click on "open:" Ability to incorporate data into the noncalculated circuit

Notes

77

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

INSERTING TEXT IN THE BOARD SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM Example 1: We want to add "Q1_2" at circuit-breaker level Edit / Modify the symbol text

OR

Circuit sheet

Dynamic display

Example 2: We want to add one or more data (cable cross-section, Ik, discrimination etc………….)

Double-click on Cable

Q1_1 (modify symbol text)

Q1_2 (circuit sheet)

Final result in the Board Single-Line Diagram 4x50 (cable cross-section)

Notes

78

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

MODIFYING THE DIAGRAM USING THE SYMBOL TABLE Ability - insert disconnection devices in the calculated circuits (switch, contactor, etc.) - create associated circuits which will not be calculated - insert blocks (circuits which will be calculated)

If the tab is active, we obtain the above display of symbols

List of styles

List of blocks created

Ability to incoporate data into the non-calculated circuit Ability to setting up in order to insert into Board single-line diagram (right-click)

Notes

79

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

80

CREATING NON-CALCULATED CIRCUITS (ASSOCIATED CIRCUITS) DEFINING ASSOCIATED CIRCUITS Caneco BT can handle non-calculated circuits, internal or external to the cabinet: non-calculated power circuits, control-command circuits, measurement and low-current circuits (telephone, alarms, measurements, home automation) These circuits are often associated with power circuits designed by Caneco BT and are known as associated circuits. Parameters can be assigned to these circuits, allowing the generation of a completed board single-line diagram:

Circuit a sso cié

Circuits ca lculé s

So urce

"U N I FI L AI RE T ABL EAU "

T a b le a u

avec un circui associé

Pro te ctio n

T e xte s d u circuit a sso cié ENTERING ASSOCIATED CIRCUITS Only the board single-line diagram allows you to view the associated circuits, but three tools are available for  the concept of a style creating them:  the insert an image function in the Edit menu  drawing, in the board single-wire diagram, library symbols in a blank associated circuit. Style-defined associated circuits. When you define a style for a circuit (Styles command in the Options menu) you can add associated circuits to it. This allows the correct processing of circuits calculated by Caneco BT associated with non-calculated circuits which are electrically connected to them: motor protected by aM+thermal with star-delta reverser-starter, lighting with security units. The latter circuits are among the styles supplied with Caneco BT. When you create a circuit from a style that includes associated circuits (from the three Caneco BY editors), these are created automatically. They are only visible, however, in the board single-line diagram: Example Motor with Varistor

Power circuit feeding the varistor. Calculated by Caneco

Associated circuit from varistor to the motor. Information can be entered manually, no calculation by Caneco

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

MANAGEMENT OF LABELS (NETWORK SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM) CREATING LABELS The Network Single-Line diagram enables you to see the main circuits and the terminal circuits. You can add labels (ref marks, rating, length, etc.) Select from the drop-down menu: Tools / Preferences

If box ticked: labels displayed on the screen

Select colours for each label

4 different entities are identified

Select fields

Adjust the column size to extend the label (same procedure as spreadsheet)

Labels

Notes

81

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

82

Printing labels Select from the drop-down menu: Tools / Printing models / Document models

1 - Select document "General Single line diagram A4" 2 - Click the "Details" button 3 - Tick "Labels"

If ticked: print labels If ticked: print final circuits

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

83

PRINTING PRINT CONFIGURATION COMPOSITION OF A CANECO BT PRINT FOLDER

Document model

Folder model

(27 standard models provided)

Calculation notes Transfer of documents to Board single-line diagram « Standby » network single-line diagram

• Automatic page setting • order of printing defined by the user

«Normal» network singleline diagram List of folios Flyleaf

The user selects the document models which he wants to include in his print folder, from the menu: Tools / Printing models

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

84

ENTERING DATA FOR YOUR PROJECT These data are accessible from the menu: File / Project Information:

"Client" tab

"Project" tab Select custom Logo in the Tools menu, then Preferences thenprint and select company logo.

Index entered into Tools menu then Modification indexes.

Drawing no. to be entered in the File menu, then Page setup

Notes

Project no. to be entered in the File menu, then project information

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

85

INSERTING THE LOGO To insert a logo: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Go to Tools – Preferences Select the "Print" tab Select the LOGO in the FOLIOS folder Confirm by "OPEN"

Click on three points to open “FOLIOS” folder

CREATING A PRINT FOLDER 1. Go to Tools – Print models – Folder models 2. Click the "New" button to create a new folder 3. Define the folder documents by selecting them in the Available documents window and moving them to the central "Documents Included" window

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

86

CREATING A NEW DOCUMENT MODEL

1. Click on "New" 2. Specify the document name

3. Select "Circuits" in the Type field 4. Define the orientation as "Landscape" 5. Select "Landscape folio background"

2

3 4 5

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

87

The newly-created document model is empty. The next stage will be to specify the file to be associated with the document model. The procedure to be followed is detailed below:

Right-click

browse

Find the file and confirm by Open

Notes

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

STANDARD CANECO BT DOCUMENT MODELS  « FLYLEAF »

 « LIST OF FOLIOS »

Notes

88

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

89

 SUPPLY CALCULATION SHEET:

SOURCE

 « NETWORK SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM »

TD4

TD2 N S TD3 N S TD4

1F06

1F01 1F04

1F03

1F02

1E11

1E10

1E09

1E08

FM

1E07

1E01

NS

TD3

TD2

TD1

ECL

1E06

1E05

1E04

1E03

NS

1F05

TD0

1E02

NS

TD1

TD0

POMPE2

POMPE1

COND1

ASC2

ASC1

TGBT

EXTERT A

Unifilaire général

Notes

AFFAIRE N°

bon pour exécution MODIFICATIONS

Ind. Date :

22/05/97

Fichier :

EXTERT

PLAN N°

123AH2A

Folio

6 48

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

 CIRCUIT CALCULATION SHEET

 « CABLES LIST »

Notes

90

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

 PROTECTION SETTINGS:

 CONSUMER LIST:

Notes

91

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

 CABLE NOMENCLATURE:

 PROTECTION NOMENCLATURE: « NOMENCLATURE PROT. »

Notes

92

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

 SITE SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM 8 CIRCUITS PER FOLIO:

 MAINTENANCE SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM 8 CIRCUITS PER FOLIO:

Notes

93

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

 PANEL BUILDER SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM 8 CIRCUITS PER FOLIO

 INDUSTRIAL SINGLE-LINE DIAGRAM 8 CIRCUITS PER FOLIO

Notes

94

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

PRACTICAL WORKSHOPS

Notes

95

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

96

WORKSHOP 1: FAMILIARISATION WITH DATA ENTRY TOOLS 1- Project design using a) network diagram data entry b) single line diagram data entry c) spreadsheet data entry

2 - calculation and analysis

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

97

WORKSHOP 2 – ADVANCED DATA ENTRY

See other circuits on next page

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

98

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

WORKSHOP 3 – CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

99

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

100

WORKSHOP 4 – CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Ask for the project file Calculate and analyse results. What are the problems and possible solutions.

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

101

WORKSHOP 5 – CONNECTING A STANDBY SUPPLY

A

B

C Standby direct on distribution board

Normal feeding MSB Standby feeding standby MSB

Normal and standby on MSB Normal

Standby

Normal

Normal

MSB MSB

Standby

MSB Standby

Normal circuits

Normal and Standby circuits

Standby circuits

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

103

APPENDICES FACTS ABOUT CABLES Cables

Op. temp. S-C temp max Example

PRC 90° C 250° C U1000R2V

PVC 70° C 160°C/180°C FR-N05VVU

CR1/PRC 90° C 250° C

CR1/PVC 70° C 160°C/180°C

Op. temp.: : maximum temperature of conductor cores for operation at continuous rating. S-C temp: maximum core temperature in short-circuit condition Separating tape

insulating envelope of conductor (insulant in CANECO list)

Protective sheath Filler

Maximum allowable thermal stresses on conductors depend on the nature of the insulation in direct contact with the core. Multicore Wiring systems

3 2

1

2

2

3

N

1

PE

1

N

5G10 with integrated PE Not reduced

4X10

3

2 1

PE

3X70+G50 with reduced integrated PE

N

3 PE

Multi +PE 4X10 + separate PE 1X6

Wiring systems using single-core cables:

In a wiring system made from single-core cables, these may be arranged in accordance with the standard Guide, either in trefoils or layers (touching or separated). The corresponding linear reactances of conductors to be taken into consideration are those in the GB table of the above-mentioned Guide. λ: (mΩ / m) Multicore cables or single-core cables in trefoils

0,08

Touching single-core cables in layers

0,09

Separate single-core cables

0,13

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

104

THE SYMMETRY FACTOR (FS) Paragraph 523.6 Cables in parallel When cables are connected in parallel they must be of the same nature, the same cross-section and broadly the same length. They must have no branch connections along their length. It is generally advisable to place the lowest possible number of cables in parallel. According to the standard, they must not be more than four in number. Beyond this number, the use of busbar trunking systems is to be preferred. This is because placing multiple cables in parallel can result in poor distribution of current and consequent overheating. A further "symmetry factor" fs, applicable to withstand currents, is introduced for this purpose. The recommended symmetrical arrangements are as follows: a) two cables per phase with or without a neutral cable

b) 4 cables per phase and neutral cable

Non-compliance with the specified symmetry conditions for 2 and 4 cables per phase or the use of 3 cables per phase requires the application of a coefficient fs equal to 0.8. Applying the symmetry coefficient fs does not remove the need to take grouping into account, which means that when a circuit uses several single-core cables per phase, account should be taken of as many circuits as there are cables per phase. If Caneco detects the installation of several cables in parallel, the user can choose whether or not to apply the symmetry factor. The default value of the symmetry coefficient is 1 (symmetrical arrangement of conductors).

1st case: 2 or 4 cables per phase: the user may or may not apply the symmetry coefficient If the number of conductors is greater than 4, message indicating non-compliance with the standard requirements, but the calculation can nevertheless be performed. 2nd case: 3 cables per phase: Caneco applies the mandatory coefficient of 0.8. Symmetry is not possible

1 3

2

2

1 3

3

Fs = 1

installation is symmetrical and touching by default or separated by 2 diameters.

1 2

3

2

Fs = 0.8

installation is not symmetrical and may be touching or separated by 2 diameters.

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

105

ADDITIONAL EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING : AEB Reminder of article 411.3.2 – Supply disconnection A protective device must automatically disconnect from the power supply the circuit or equipment protected by this device against indirect contacts in such a manner that, following a fault between a live part and an earth in the circuit or equipment, a presumed contact voltage greater than 50 Volts for A.C. or 120 Volts for smoothed D.C. cannot persist for a time sufficient to be physiopathologically dangerous for a person in contact simultaneously with accessible conducting parts. Without taking into account the contact voltage, a disconnection time of not more than 5 seconds is permitted in certain circumstances, depending on the earth connections diagram (distribution circuits)

Reminder of article 411.3.2.5 If the protection conditions defined in paragraph 411.3.2.1 cannot be met in an installation or part of an installation, a local wiring system said additional equipotential bonding (see paragraph 415.2) must be created.

Reminder of article 415.2 Creating additional equipotential bondings avoids the hazards caused by indirect contacts if, in the event of a fault, disconnection is not fast enough. Notes 1. - This additional equipotential bonding may serve the whole installation, part of it, an equipment or a location 2. - The use of additional equipotential bondings does not eliminate the need to disconnect the supply for other reasons, such as fire prevention, equipment thermal stress, etc. 3. - Additional requirements may be necessary for specific locations. However, other harmful events may occur, such as heating of an equipotentiality conductor, increased earth electrode resistance due to drought, etc. This is valid both in the case of a first fault in TT and TN installations and for a second fault in IT installations.

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

106

Reminder of article 544.2 - Between two exposed conductive parts: structure:

- Between an exposed conductive part and a

Si S PE1 ≤ S PE2

SPE1 SLS =

S LS = S PE1

SPE1

(*) 2

SPE2

SPE SLS

M1 (*) with minimum of

M2

Metal structure (pipes frames, etc.)

M

2.5mm² if the conductors are mechanically protected 4 mm² if the conductors are not mechanically protected

Conductors not incorporated into a cable are mechanically protected if they are installed in ducts, raceways or mouldings or are protected in a similar way.

Remarks applicable to all equipotential bonds: There is no need to use equipotential bonds for conductive parts which are not liable to propagate an external voltage, e.g. certain metal fittings, ventilation grills, stair rails, etc. Bonding of the reinforced concrete armature is limited to a loop at the base of the foundations under the conditions defined in the Standard when the appropriate bonds are established when the building is constructed.

Note: If the AEB option is chosen in CANECO BT, cable wording will be printed as: 3 AEB, if an AEB is necessary

*

If this is not the case, the cable will be: 3 * 70 +G50 Equipotental bonding : Means that the equipment conductive part is bonded to the general conductive part equipotentiality.

70 +G50 +

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

107

Equipotential Bonding Conductor

Minimum cross-sections 544.1. - Main Equipotential bonding Conductors (STANDARD)) The main equipotential bonding conductors must have a cross-section of not less than half that of the largest protective conductor in the installation, with a minimum of 6 mm². Their cross-section may however be limited to 25 mm² if they are copper, or an equivalent cross-section for another metal. (COMMENTS) This section distinguishes between two types of main equipotential bondings: 1 2

1

The general main equipotential bonding is that specified in paragraph 411.3.1.1 of NF C15-100 in each building The local equipotential bonding allows a disconnection time of 5 seconds without taking account of the value of the contact voltage.

General main equipotential bonding (411.3.1.1) created at the origin of the installation and at least in every building if the installation involves more than one building.

The bonding gathers the following items: - the main protective conductors - water, gas pipes, etc. - central heating risers - accessible metal components in the construction - metal components in any other pipes Items arriving from outside must be bonded at the point where they enter a building: The cross-section of the main equipotential bonding conductors is equal to half the cross-section of the main protective conductor in the building, with a minimum of 6 mm² in copper or 10mm² in aluminium and a maximum 25 mm² in copper or 35mm² in aluminium. In buildings with large horizontal dimensions where metal pipes arrive at points separated by considerable distances (such as factory workshops), it is permissible to create several main equipotential bondings around the inlet points of the different pipes. If a metal pipe penetrates into a building at a point far from the main distribution board of the installation, and if that pipe is connected locally to a protective conductor, it is not necessary to connect the pipe to the main equipotential bonding. The bond between the pipe and the protective conductor is then considered as an additional equipotential bonding (415.2.1). 2

Local equipotential bondings

In TN and IT diagrams, it is permissible to not verify the lengths of circuits located upstream of the terminal circuits if an equipotential bonding is created locally at each distribution board supplying terminal circuits. These local equipotential bondings are made at distribution and terminal board level and connect the following: - the protective conductor of the circuit upstream of the board considered - metal pipes and frames located less than 2 metres from the board The cross-section of local equipotential bonding conductors is equal to half the cross-section of the protective conductor of the circuit upstream from the board, with a minimum of 6mm² in copper or 10mm² in aluminium and a maximum 25 mm² in copper or 35mm² in aluminium. This local equipotential bonding is intended to create a reference point such that its potential in the event of a fault can be considered as broadly identical to that of the general main equipotential bonding (1).

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

GLOSSARY Source Glossary Power File Ukr Xd Xo

Source standardized Power in KVA. (1 to 2500 kVA) Dry95.ZTR : File for dry transformers Oil95.ZTR : File for oil transformers Short circuit voltage in % Transient direct Reactance in % (standard 30%) Steady state direct Reactance in % (standard 6%)

Network LV Voltage Frequency Funct. T. Prot HV Pcc. HV Min Pcc. HV Max

Source operating voltage, between phases, on load (default 400V). No load voltage is equal to 1.05 times operating voltage Network frequency 50Hz or 60Hz Operating time for HV protective device at transformer HV/LV primary level. High voltage Min short circuit Power (default 500 MV High voltage Max short circuit Power (default 500 MV

Factors Temperature (K T) Group (K prox) Symetrical fs

Temperature factor downgrading Cable current carrying capacity. Conductors group factor fs Symetrical factor according to standard (0.8)

Conductors Phase PEN Po Loaded Neutral

Phase conductor cross-section Neutral/PEN conductor cross-section Protective conductor cross-section

Results IB STH dU total Ik2/3 Max Ik1 Max Ik1/2 Min If

Transformer Nominal intensity calculated with on load voltage (between phases) Theoretical cross-section calculated according to overload condition Voltage drop % at MSB level from transformer Max short-circuit current two-phase or three-phase on MSB (in A) Max short-circuit current single-phase on MSB (in A) Mini short-circuit current on MSB (in A) (Single with Neutral, two-phase without Neutral) Default short circuit current (phase - PE), at MSB level (in A)

108

Training Manual for CANECO BT 5.3

109

Circuit Glossary Circuit Upstream Ref Mark Style D/Origin Bus Bar Supply Content Designation Index

Distribution upstream reference mark Circuit reference mark (15 characters maximum) Circuit style (model) Connecting distance from the beginning of the Busbar trunking system Upstream sub-busbar Ref Mark Circuit supply (Normal, Standby, N and S) Wiring system distribution (3P+N+PE, P+N+PE…) Circuit designation (36 characters maximum) Circuit modification index

Protection Type Indirect Contacts Rating K on C Thermal relay In/Irth/IrLR IrMg/In Cal. gG Delay (SC CC) Differential protection setting Delay (Prot. Diff)

Type of protective device used (General purpose Breaker, C curve breaker, B curve breaker…) Protection against indirect contacts Circuit breakers rating or support rating (Switch, disconnector or Disconnector switch) or fuse rating Oversizing factor for overload setting Thermal relay reference Circuit-breaker thermal setting or fuse rating insuring protection against overload. Circuit-breaker magnetic setting insuring protection against short-circuits or fuses rating value Fuse rating Circuit breakers magnetic delay in ms Circuit breakers residual current (differential) setting in mA Time delay on RCD relay in ms

Cable Type Core Pole Instal method Length(m) 1st Equip(m) K Temp K Group K Additional Symetrical factor fs Total Correction Phase Neutral PE/PEN Loaded Neutral

Type of cable (PVC, XLPE, PRC…) Core nature (Copper or Aluminium) Single-core or multi-core cables Installation method according to standard the cable length in meters Distance from protective device to nearest equipment Temperature factor on IZ (from 0.4 to 1.3 - 1.0 for 30°C) Group factor on IZ (from 0.2 to 1.3) according to installation method and number of cables Additional downgrading factor on IZ (explosive atmosphere 0.85, unbalanced neutral 0.84…) Symetrical factor (0.8) for wiring systems with cables in parallel Total correction factor (K Temp x K Group x K Addit x fs x Neutral factor) Phase cross-section Neutral cross-section PE or PEN cross-section apply an additional factor of 0.84 to current carrying capacity if Neutral is loaded

Equipment Nb Consumption Location TH