• Author / Uploaded
• Alberto Díaz

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NATURAL SCIENCE 1st of ESO

MINERALS AND ROCKS

Agate and milky quartz are both quartz, because they have the same chemical composition and therefore, physical properties. The differences between them are caused by impurities, other chemical elements that are included in the quartz during the formation process.

NATIVE ELEMENTS OXIDES

These minerals are made by a single element. They are made up of Oxygen and one other element. SULPHIDES A mix of Sulphur and a Metal CARBONATES They are made of Carbon, Oxygen and a Metal. HALIDES Composed of Chloride and a Metal.

Gold, silver, copper Oligiste (iron)

Galena Calcite Halite

a) COLOUR: minerals are always the same colour, no matter where they are taken or what process endured. b) SHAPE: minerals can be geometric or irregular. c) LUSTRE: refers to the way a mineral reflects ligt. It can be: - Metallic: like pyrite. - Non metallic. d) STREAK: it refers to the colour of the powder that a mineral leaves when scraped. e) CLEAVAGE: is the way a that a mineral breaks. It can break in sheets or in cubes. f) HARDNESS: measures how a mineral reacts to being scratched.

The Mohs Scale of Hardness

Detrital Rocks

Chemical Rocks

Organic Rocks

VOLCANIC IGNEOUS ROCKS

PLUTONIC IGNEOUS ROCKS

Plutonic rock

Volcanic rock

High pressure due to weight Metamorphic rock Intense heat due to magma

Metamorphic rocks

Weathering and erosion

Changes in temperature and pressure

Fusion at high temperature