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IES LAS ENCINAS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

EXTENSION AND REVISION MATERIAL ON ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 2º BACHILLERATO













IES LAS ENCINAS. ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTM ENT.

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IES LAS ENCINAS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT DO’S AND DON’TS FOR AN A+ P.A.U. TEST.

DO’S: -

BE ORDERLY, CLEAN AND NEAT.

-

LEAVE MARGINS TO THE LEFT AND RIGHT, INDENT THE FIRST LINE OF EVERY PARAGRAPH A FEW SPACES.

-

MAKE SURE THAT YOUR HANDWRITING IS LEGIBLE.

-

WRITE A DRAFT OF YOUR ANSWERS/COMPOSITIONS AND MAKE CORRECTIONS ON THEM.

-

SEPARATE YOUR LINES CONSIDERABLY SO THAT THE TEACHER CAN WRITE HIS/HER CORRECTIONS BETWEEN THEM.

-

ARRANGE YOUR COMPOSITIONS INTO SEVERAL PARAGRAPHS (NORMALLY 3), EACH ONE DEVELOPING ONE MAIN IDEA WHICH SUPPORTS YOUR ARGUMENT.

-

CHECK AND DOUBLE-CHECK YOUR PUNCTUATION AND SPELLING.

-

THE USE OF TIPPEX IS GENERALLY PERMITTED, BUT DON’T USE IT IN EXCESS. NOTWITHSTANDING, FOLLOW THE TEACHER’S INTRUCTIONS CLOSELY.

-

USE AS MANY CONNECTORS, COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS AS YOU CAN (AS LONG AS THEY FIT IN THE CONTEST, NEEDLESS TO SAY). THIS WILL MAKE YOUR PIECE OF WRITING SEEM “MORE ENGLISH” AND WILL GIVE IT A UNIQUE TOUCH.

-

BE ORIGINAL WITH YOUR ARGUMENTS AND WITH THE WAY YOU PRESENT YOUR IDEAS, TEACHERS OFTEN GET FED UP WITH READING THE SAME LINGUISTIC FORMULAE. NEVERTHELESS, DON’T BE TOO BRAVE, JUST IN CASE…

DON’TS : -

FIRST OF ALL, DON’T PANIC WHEN YOU COME ACROSS WORDS THAT YOU HAVE NEVER SEEN. THIS IS COMMON IN THIS TYPE OF TESTS. JUST UNDERLINE THEM AND TRY TO INFER THEIR MEANINGS FROM THEIR CONTEXT OR ROOTS.

-

DON’T MAKE CROSSING OUTS, MISTAKES MUST NOT BE CORRECTED IN YOUR FINAL ANSWERS. (USE DRAFTS FOR THIS PURPOSE).

-

DON’T CHANGE THE ORDER OF YOUR ANSWERS. IF YOU DON’T KNOW ONE, LEAVE SOME SPACE AND GO BACK TO IT ONCE YOU HAVE ANSWERED THE ONES YOU KNOW.(OTHERWISE, YOU CAN MAKE THE TEACHER GO CRAZY, AND WHAT IS WORSE, ANGRY!)

-

DON’T INVENT WORDS OR RESORT TO SPANISH OR FRENCH WORDS, IT GIVES AN AWFUL IMPRESSSION. WHEN YOU DON´T KNOW AN ENGLISH WORD OR EXPRESSION, USE A MORE GENERIC ONE (IE, TREE FOR WILLOW, SHEEP’S MEAT FOR MUTTON…) DON’T WRITE ISOLATED SENTENCES IN YOUR COMPOSITIONS, STUDENTS WHO DON’T HAVE A GOOD COMMAND OF ENGLISH TEND TO DO THIS, SO AVOID DOING THIS EVEN IF YOU ARE ONE OF THEM!!!(REMEMBER, WRITE DIFFERENT PARAGRAPHS).

-

AND LAST BUT NOT LEAST, DON’T MAKE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING HORRIBLE BASIC MISTAKES, NEVER EVER!!! PLEASE, CORRECT THEM ONCE AND FOR ALL, SHAKESPEARE’S BEAUTIFUL LANGUAGE DOESN’T DESERVE TO BE TREATED LIKE THIS.

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IES LAS ENCINAS





ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT





CHAMBER OF HORRORS There are many *books interestings in that shop *Very people *is becoming unemployed *The students must be respectful to *the teachers. She *didn’t be sad (sorry for this!)

I *haven’t any brothers

She *can to sing beautifully Susan *must has a lot of money He *will can go to university next year They *have could arrive on time I went to the supermarket *for to buy some food. She likes *a lot of cooking. I like *very much cinema Susan has suffered a lot *of. We had good fun *the last weekend. They are visiting me *the next month This is the man *who he had a serious accident. *Me like Cold Play very much * Cold Play likes me We went to *the Sara’s house last night. My sister * has 30 years old

☺CORRECTED

VERSION



☺

WHY? Adjectives don’t have a plural form and they always go before nouns.(although there are some exceptions) “Very” is an adverb, it can only go with adjectives(very sad) or another adverb (very slowly),but NEVER with NOUNS “People” is always plural (singular: person) The is never used when there is a generic reference(you refer to students and teachers in general) To be is an irregular verb, it does not need auxiliaries for the present/past simple To Have, when it is a main verb-not an auxiliary as in have got or the present perfect- NEEDS AN AUXILIARY VERB for negations and questions. Modal verbs are followed by a bare infinitive (without “to”, no inflections). Exceptions: be able to,have to and ought to Can lacks the infinitive and the past participle forms, so for the future and perfect tenses we resort to be able to PURPOSE (finalidad) is expressed with an infinitive or with in order to, “for” is used to express utility. With verbs related to likes and dislikes, “mucho” should be expressed with “very much”, and it always goes at the end of the sentence. With other verbs, “of” is not necessary if it is adverb. These time expressions are never used with “the” except in the reported speech. Who is subject itself, so we do not need another subject pronoun . In English the “experiencer” of the verb like (and similar ones) is the SUBJECT, not the object as in Spanish. When the owner in a Saxon Genitive structure is a PROPER NOUN, we never use “the”. However, we can use it when it is a common noun: “this is the president’s wife”. You use the verb TO BE to express the age.

(add more…)

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a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) a) b)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

UNIT 1. PERFECT TENSES. VOCABULARY 1.- Complete using the present perfect simple/continuous, past perfect simple/continuous or future perfect simple . Next Friday, we ________________________________ (work) in Madrid for 5 years. There was no milk in the fridge because my brother _____________________ (drink) it all. I saw tears in her eyes . She __________________________ (cry) because she _______________ ( just/break) with her boyfriend. I bought a new pullover last week,but I __________________________(not wear) it yet. We are too late. Do you think that our train _______________________(leave) by the time we get to the station? A: Hey, you look really strong!!! B.Yes!! _______________________ (work out) hard lately. I ___________________________ (have) time to see John for a while, but I hope to see her tomorrow. Ann ______________________________ (do) yoga for two years before she broke her leg. Sorry, I’m late! _____________________________(you/wait) for long? How long ________________________________________(you save) before you had enough money to buy your Iphone? Susan _____________________(live) in Valencina since she bought her house, but she moved to Salteras. Tomorrow , she _________________________ (live) there for two years. Your arms are bruised. _____________________________ (you/fight) with your brother? I hope you _________________________________ (study) hard for the upcoming exams. 2.- Complete the mini- dialogues. Place the adverbs in the correct place. __________________________________________(you/finish/already) your project)? No, I _____________________________________(only/go) through the first part.

a) Hurry up! By the time we get to the stadium, the concert _______________________ (already/start)! b) No, I’m sure it ____________________________(yet/not start) a) How long_________________________ (you/be) a teetotaller? b) By the end of the year, ______________________________ (I/be) a teetotaller for 5 years. 3.- Choose one prefix from A and combine it with a noun from B to complete the sentences. A) under pre dis im un in over

B) digestion personal healthy cooked nourished edible comfort heat

a) b) c) d) e) f)

The hospital is a cold _______________ place. The people there aren’t very friendly. She ate much at dinner and now she’s got __________________ (digestion) . This food is _________________________. It’s just disgusting!!! After the operation, she was in a lot of ________________________ (comfort). When you bake the bread, you have to ___________________ (heat) the oven to 120 º C. Unfortunately, many children in the Horn of Africa are ___________________ because they don’t get enough to eat. g) The loin was in the oven for too long. It was ___________________ h) Eating greasy food too often is rather _______________ 4.- Complete with the right linking word. (avoid “because”) a) U2’s concert was put off _______________ the strike on the 29th . b) The train was late, __________________ I arrived late at the theatre too. c) Paul didn’t come to the concert ________________ he couldn’t afford such an expensive ticket. d) Descartes claimed: “ I think, ________________, I am”. e) It had been raining all night. _________________________, the river broke its banks. f) That chav boy was punished _______________________ his disruptive behaviour. g) Danny couldn’t go to the party _______________________ he was away on holidays. h) I arrived late __________________ traffic jam. i) _________________________________, cheating in exams should be severely punished. Because of/due to/as a result of ● consequently● therefore● as far as I’m concerned● since

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

CLASSIFICATION OF PREFIXES 1. NEGATIVE: un- (unfair), in- (invisible), il- (illiterate), ir- (irregular), im- (imposible), dis(disobey), a- (amoral), non- (non-smoker) 2. REVERSATIVE / PRIVATIVE: un- (untie, undo), de- (defrost), dis- (disconnect) 3. PEJORATIVE: mis- (misunderstand, mistreat), mal- (maltreat), pseudo- (pseudo-science) 4. DEGREE/SIZE: super- (supermodel), out- (outlive),sub- (sub-genre),over- (overexcited), multi(multimillionaire), ultra- (ultra-modern), hyper- (hypermarket), under- (underestimate), mini(miniskirt), micro- (microchip) 5. ATTITUDE: co- (cooperate),counter- (counter-attack), anti- (antisocial), pro- (pro-British) 6. LOCATIVE: sub- (subway), inter- (international), trans- (transatlantic), under- (underground) , tele- (telegraph) 7. TIME/ORDER: fore- (foresee), pre- (precook), post- (post-war), ex- (ex-wife), re- (reassign) 8. NUMBER: uni- (unisex), mono- (monosyllable), bi- (bidirectional), di- (dipole), poly(polysyllable),tri- (triangle) 9. OTHERS: en- (endanger), a- (afloat), neo- (neo-hippies), semi- (semicircle), vice- (vicepresident) CLASSIFICATION OF SUFFIXES: 1. TO FORM CONCRETE NOUNS : -er (Londoner), -ess (waitress),-ie (auntie), -y (daddy), -an (republican), -ese (Portuguese) 2. TO FORM ABSTRACT NOUNS: -ism (sexism),-ment (amusement), -al (refusal),-ness (happiness), -ity (sanity), -ocracy (democracy), -ance/-ence (annoyance, violence), -dom (kingdom), -ship (friendship), -hood (brotherhood) 3. TO FORM ADJECTIVES: -ful (useful), -less (useless, homeless), - like (manlike), -y (creamy, juicy), -ish (childish), -able (readable), -en (wooden), -al (criminal), -ed (coloured), -ing (boring), -ive (attractive) 4. TO FORM ADVERBS: -ly (strangely), -wards (backwards), wise (crabwise, clockwise) 5. TO FORM VERBS: - ify (clarify), -ise/-ize (apologize), -en (broaden, shorten) 6. OTHERS: (to form nound and adjectives): -ee (engineer), -let (booklet, piglet), -ery (slavery), -ful (spoonful,n), -ant (inhabitant), -ee (detainee, interviewee), -ation (exploitation), -ic (heroic), -ous (blasphemous, scandalous) 5

IES LAS ENCINAS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

UNIT 2. REPORTED SPEECH STATEMENTS: a) “You must stop eating fried food”. The doctor----- Susan. b) “I don’t want to go to school today”. Tom---- mother. c) “My sister has lived in Madrid for years”. Ann----boyfriend. d) “I will be 18 next Tuesday”. Thomas. e) “My parents have often visited me this year”. Andy----Theresa. f) “I had a bad cold last week”. María pointed out. g) “Eric was studying all day yesterday”. Samuel said. h) “I am going to meet my best friend tomorrow” Corinna----Bert. i) “Nobody knows if Peter left this room early”. Esther explained. j) “She showed me the answers two days ago” QUESTIONS: a) “Do you understand me?” The teacher asked. b) “Will it rain tomorrow in this town?”. Peter-----me c) “What time is it, Sam?” d) “What were you doing yesterday with my keys?” Mary----Sinead. e) “When will the car be ready?” Marta--- the mechanic. f) “Are you going to the club now?” g) “Was this novel written by Cervantes?” He wanted to know. h) “Can we see him this evening or tomorrow morning?” She----the nurse. i) “Whose wallet is this?” She inquired. j) “How far is the station from our hotel?”The tourist----me. k) “Who was singing just now?” The teacher wanted to know. l) “Will you be here next Saturday”? COMMANDS AND REQUESTS: a) “Could you please phone the bank?” The boss----his assistant. b) “Dad, take me to Guzmán, please”. c) Get out of the car and don´t move”. The cop---the robber. d) “Please, don´t stay out late tomorrow”. Mum----me. e) “Don´t say that again, spoilt brat!” f) “Please, help yourself to some food and drink”. The host told his guests. g) “Can you shut the window for me, please?”. Pete----Steve. h) “Keep quiet and don´t make a noise!”. The teacher---his students. i) “Will you send me that email again, please? SUGGESTIONS: a) “Let’s throw a party in your house!” Paul----James. b) “Why don’t we stay at home tonight?” My wife---me.. c) “How about buying some Japanese food for supper?”. d) “Shall we go for a walk next Sunday?” e) “Why not hiring a car?” f) “Let´s have a rest now!” 6

IES LAS ENCINAS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

REPORTED SPEECH. ADDENDUM. SUMMARY OF STRUCTURES. VERB (+THAT) CLAUSE SAY CLAIM ADMIT EXPLAIN INSIST AGREE COMPLAIN DENY “I was lying”. He admitted that he had been lying. “There’s too much noise here”. He complained that there was too much noise there.

REPLY

VERB+ PRONOUN (+THAT) CLAUSE

TELL. “I attend Ms Stuart´s lessons”. He told me that he attended M Stuart´s lessons. VERB + TO INFINITIVE OFFER

REFUSE

AGREE

PROMISE

“I´ll give you a lift home”. He offered to give me a lift home. “I will not help you with the house chores”. He refused to help me with the house chores. VERB + FOR + GERUND

APOLOGISE

THANK

“I´m sorry I stepped on your foot”. He apologized for stepping on my foot. “Thank you! You did the shopping for me!”. She thanked me for doing the shopping for her. VERB + GERUND

DENY SUGGEST “Let`s have some tapas at El Chispa”. He suggested having some tapas at El Chispa. “I didn’t break the vase”. He denied breaking the vase. (having broken) NOTE: for SUGGESTIONS you can also use a that clause with SHOULD. He suggested that we should stay at home.

VERB + OBJECT+ (NOT) TO INFINITIVE WARN ORDER ADVISE BEG REMIND INVITE “You´d better study harder”. The teacher warned me to study harder. “Please, stay with us”. The students begged the teacher to stay with them. “Don´t forget to give me the money”. He reminded me to give him the money.

TELL

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

1.- Practise using the verbs above. a) “There are too may people in this club” b) “Yes, I cheated in your exam”. c) “If you boil water, it evaporates”. d) “No, I didn´t steal the money last Sunday”. e) “I must be off now”. f) “I´ll help you out with the exercise”. g) “I won´t tell you the secret”. h) “I´m sorry I´m late”. i) “Thank you!, you are very kind” j) “You´d better not cry” k)” Don´t shout at me any more”!!! l) “Come and stay with us for a week”.

UNIT 3.THE PASSIVE VOICE. ADDENDDUM . VERBOS DITRANSITIVOS. PASIVA IMPERSONAL. 1.- LA VOZ PASIVA CON VERBOS DITRANSITIVOS (C.I. y C.D.) Son verbos que están complementados por un complemento indirecto (persona) y otro directo (cosa). Con estos verbos encontramos dos tipos de construcciones pasivas en inglés: a) Una con el CI como sujeto, más común, por ser el de persona: ACTIVA: My grandma gave ME an interesting book. PASIVA: I was given an interesting book by my grandma. Observa que el pronombre complemento ME tiene que ser transformado en su correspondiente pronombre sujeto. (Her—she, us—we, etc) b) Otra como el CD como sujeto pasivo, el CI queda unido al verbo con TO. ACTIVA: My grandma gave me AN INTERESTING BOOK. PASIVA: AN INTERESTING BOOK was given to me by my grandma. SEND

OFFER

SHOW

PAY

TEACH

PROMISE

ASK

TELL

Más ejemplos: We were told an incredible secret/ An incredible secret was told to us. Sara was shown the photographs / The photographs were shown to Sara. 2.- LA VOZ PASIVA IMPERSONAL (Se dice, se piensa…) Cuando se habla de los que otros dicen, piensan, etc, utilizamos la pasiva impersonal, ya que no nos interesa quién realiza esa acción, sino el contenido de la noticia en sí. En inglés, tenemos dos opciones para expresa este tipo de contenido: ACTIVA: People say that Steve is 110 years old. PASIVA 1: It is said that Steve is 110 years old. PASIVA 2: Steve is said to be 110 years old. SUJETO+VERBO EN PASIVA+INFINITIVO (TO) 8

IES LAS ENCINAS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

Cuando hay referencia al pasado, se emplea el infinitivo perfecto (TO HAVE+PARTICIPIO) ACTIVA: People think that the fire started last night. PASIVA 1: It is believed that the fire started last night PASIVA 2: The fire is belived to have started last night. Más ejemplos: PASIVA 1: It is supposed that Ann lives on her own (situación presente) PASIVA 2: Ann is supposed to live on her own. PASIVA 1: It is thought that two prisoners escaped through the window. PASIVA 2: Two prisoners are thought to have escaped through the window. THINK BELIEVE REPORT UNDERSTAND KNOW EXPECT ALLEGUE

CONSIDER CLAIM

1.- Turn into the passive voice. 1. They feed most animals at the zoo twice a day. 2. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it. 3. The judge gave him two weeks to pay the fine. 4. They showed them the easiest way. 5. People must not leave their bicycles in the hall. 6. You must not hammer nails into the wall without permission. 7. Someone switched on a light and opened the door. 8. The author has written a special edition for children. 9. They were pulling down the old theatre. 10. We will not admit children under 16. 11. The mob had broken all the shop windows. 12. Children couldn´t have done all this damage. 13. People are spending far more money on computers in Valencina. 14. The dustmen broke that bin last night. 15. Indians already grew tomato plants before Columbus’ arrival. 16. They were building a new house near the lake. 17. Trump will buy a large area of Amazonian forest. 18. Hurricane Matthew has devastated Haiti. 19. Did the audience choose the best singer in the contest? 20. That company was spilling thousands of litres of toxic water into the river. 21. Somebody beat him with a club at the demo. 22. The farmers are feeding their pigs with mouldy bread. 23. My boss offered me a new job in a clothes company. 24. He has sent me a parcel with old clothes. 25. They will ask you a lot of questions in the interview. 26. The government paid me 1 million euros for damages 9

IES LAS ENCINAS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

27. The owner is showing them the big mansion on the hill. 2.- Turn from passive to active: 1. This speed limit will be introduced gradually. 2. The runways are being lengthened at all airports. 3. This notice has been altered. 4. The damaged ship was being brought to harbor when it sank. 5. This rumour must have been started by our opponents. 6. The referee was being escorted from the football field by a strong policeman. 7. The stones were thrown by a student 8. For a long time, the earth was believed to be flat. 9. Many illegal copies are being sold on street comers. 10. The car hadn´t been locked, that´s why it was stolen.

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE VOICE. 1. Many people think that ghosts exist. 2. People believe that money is the most important thing in life. 3. Specialists say that this business was very profitable. 4. Astronauts report that the rocket was broken. 5. Some people believe that the prisoner has had second chances. 6. My boss expects that the job will be done soon. 7. Students understand that the teacher gave them really difficult exams.. 8. A lot of children think that Santa Claus is real. 9. The bodyguards assume that the fight was a trap. 10. The police alleges that the thieves stole the money. 11. Politicians believe that the global warming caused many storms last year. 12. The company reported that the new models will be totally made in Madrid. 13. The NASA claims that the space shuttle fell into the Pacific Ocean. 14. The country expects that the workers finish the stadium before the World Cup. 15. They assume that the security system failed 16. They say that this diamond is the largest in the World. 17. The patients consider that she has become an excellent dentist. 18. Journalists reported that many people had been injured in the earthquake. 19. People think that unemployment rose dramatically.. 20. Citizens say that the monument is over 1.000 years old. 21. Researchers think that the youngsters drank too much alcohol at the party. 22. People understand that she had stolen the money. 23. Some guys said that the boss is an incredible man. 24. Everybody knows that the teacher made a mistake. 25. The witnesses believed that a dog saved the baby. 26. People say that the players did not stand the heat. 27. The pupils think that the headmaster knew the truth. 28. Everyone understands that the Minister had answered wrongly. 29. They alleged that the criminal flew away in a helicopter.. 30. People expected that the artist showed his new house 31. The police understood that Peter bit the boy in the fight.





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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT CAUSATIVE USE OF HAVE: “HAVE SOMETHING DONE”.

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

I have taken the car to the garage. I …………………………….. (it/service) at the moment. I …………………….………. (my jacket/clean) yesterday because it was really dirty. My watch doesn’t work. I will take it to the jeweller’s to …………………….. (it/fix). I am desperate at sewing. I …………………………….. (my curtains/make) You look different. …………………………………… (your hair/cut)? I ……………………………………..……………….. (a newspaper deliver) every morning. Susan ………………………………………..……… (swimming pool/build) last summer. If you want to look cool…. Why don’t you ……………. ………………………………………. ? (your eyebrow/pierce) i) Andrew’s nose was broken in a fight: he ………………………………………………….. j) Sarah’s bag was stolen at school. She ………………………….………………………… k) Fred’s hat was blown off in the wind. He …………………………………………………. UNIT 4. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. WISH CLAUSES. 1) a) b) c) d)

Fill in with a suitable verb tense. If you take drugs regularly, you …………..……………………. (become) addicted to them. I ……………………………………….…. (go) if you had phoned me before. The teacher won’t you your mobile back unless your mother ………………………. (talk) to him. You wouldn’t have made so many mistakes if you ………………………………………… (pay) attention in the class. e) What would you do if you ………………………….. (be) me? If I ………………………….. (be) you, I ………………………………………. (break up) with him. f) ………………………………………………… (you/go) out with him if he asked you to? g) If the coastal police hadn’t arrived on time, many innocent migrants ………………………………… (die). h) If they ………………………………………………. (show) me the right way yesterday, I ………….. ………………………… (arrive) on time at the meeting. i) The exam will begin at 9:00 if everybody ………………………………. (come) 10 minutes earlier. j) If Susan ……………………………… (not turn up) right now, her mum will be really angry. 2) Choose the 1st, 2nd or 3rd conditional according to the contest. a) People never understand him because he doesn´t speak clearly: If he ……………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. b) The teacher explained to us that if you ………….……………………(heat) lead at 120 degrees Celsius, it …………………………………… (melt). 11

IES LAS ENCINAS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

c) He has a terrible hangover. If he ……………………………………………….. (drink) so much last night, he ……………………………………………. (not feel) so bad now, and he …………. ……………………………………….. (spend) so much money then. d) I can’t meet you at the weekends because I have to work. I …………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… e) I’ve lost my new mobile phone!. If I ……………………………………………… (leave) it on the desk, I …………………………………… (lose) it. f) It is said that if you …………………………………. (find) a four-leave-clover, you …………….. ………………………. (be) very lucky. 3) Finish the sentences according to the situation. a) I couldn’t get into La Pastora dolmen because I suffer from claustrophobia. If I ……………… …………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….. b) It’s no use crying over spilt milk, but ……………………………………….……………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………….………………………... c) I won’t talk to you anymore unless ………………………………………..…………………………. d) I will lend you my car as long as …………………………………………..…………………………. e) My parents will give me 50 euros provided that ………………………………..…………………… WISH CLAUSES A PRESENT SITUATION THE SPEAKER WOULD LIKE TO BE DIFFERENT.

•

(I wish + simple past) a) I don’t know many people and I feel lonely. ……………………………………………………… b) Ann is not here and I need to see her. …………………………………………………………… c) It’s cold and my hands are numb. ………………………………………………………………… d) It is very cold and I didn’t take my coat. ………………………………………………………….. e) I am getting bored in this English lesson and I’d like to be at home ………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… a) b) c) d)

NOW WRITE YOUR OWN SENTENCES WITH I WISH: Somewhere you’d like to be now: ………………………………………………………………………… Something you’d like to be able to do: …………………………………………………………………… Something you would like to have: ……………………………………………………………………….. Something you’d like to be (rich, tall) : …………………………………………………………………… • A PAST SITUATION THE SPEAKER WOULD LIKE TO BE DIFFERENT.

a) b) c) d) e)

(I wish I had done). I feel sick because I ate too much chilly: ………………………………………………………………… I can’t play an instrument, I didn’t learn how to do it when I was younger: ………………………...... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I failed the exam because I hadn’t studied: ……………………………………………………………… I got a tattoo 2 years ago but I don’t like it now: ………………………………………………………… I am in Paris and I haven’t brought my camera: ………………………………………………………… •

a) b) c) d) e) f)

A PRESENT SITUATION THAT ANNOYS/BOTHERS YOU.

(I wish you would…. DIFFERENT SUBJECTS) John is always late: ……………………………………………………………………………………….. I can’t put up with Susan when she makes noise while eating: ………………………………………. This hot weather is killing me!: ………………………………………………………………………….. You are always complaining!: …………………………………………………………………………….. Your ridiculous jokes bother me!: ………………………………………………………………………… It annoys me when you leave the door open: ………………………………………………………….. 12

IES LAS ENCINAS 1) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p) q) r) s) t) u) v) w) x) y)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

UNIT 5. RELATIVE CLAUSES. Combine these sentences using a relative pronoun. Mary spent all my money yesterday. She is really tight fisted. The man left town. He had planned a terrorist attack. The visited the village. I was born there. Freddie Mercury died in 1992. He was the lead vocalist of Queen. We saw the country property. The statue of Jesus Christ was found there. Susan is going to marry a renowned writer. She works in my department. The house was extremely pricy. I wanted to buy it. The girl was really stupid. I met her at the party. Where is the magazine? Tom bought it yesterday. Do you remember the day? We first met then. That is the teacher. His history lessons are amazing. Ben has climbed Mount Everest. He loves danger. The family are still living in a hotel. Their house burned down last weekend. The song is on the radio. You were singing it all the time. Last year I visited the building. John Lennon was killed there. Their presentation impressed everyone. It was excellent. My sister started her own company in 2012. She was at university then. Martha got the job! She hoped for it. Amancio Ortega is from Galicia. He is said to be the richest man in the world. The poem is very cheesy. Pete wrote it for Ann. This is the girl. You asked me about her. (X2) The guy is stupid. Maria is married to him. (X2) Everybody likes Penelope Cruz. Javier Bardem is in love with her. (X2) The computer is very slow. I work with it. (X2) The pen is in my bag. You were looking for it. (X2)

z) The baby was really cute. You were looking at him. (X2) 2.- Define these words using a relative pronoun. Glazier butcher tsunami concentration camp

teetotaller

UNIT 6. MODAL VERBS 1. COMPLETE the sentences using modals and the verbs in brackets: 1. _____________________ I go to the toilet, Ms Miles? 2. You ______________________ bring anything for the party. I went shopping yesterday. 3. You __________________________ (swim) in the sea. There is a shark in the water. 4. The party was supposed to be a secret. You___________________________ (tell) anyone. 5. It’s late and you are still working. You ______________________________ (be) exhausted. 6. __________________ you like to come for dinner tonight? 7. You ____________________ (try) harder to improve your marks instead of having failed. 8. I_________________________(read) that book before. The story sounds familiar to me. 9. Susan _________________ (play) the role of the beauty queen. She isn’t pretty enough. 10. The opponent was really good, but in the end Rafa .................................. beat him. 13

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3. REWRITE the sentences using MODALS: 1. Drinking alcohol when driving is forbidden by the law. ________________________________________________________________ 2. It is advisable to check all electrical appliances before going on holiday. ________________________________________________________________ 3. Perhaps she is sad because she doesn’t know anybody here. ________________________________________________________________ 4. My hair needs washing. It’s four days since I last washed it! ________________________________________________________________ 5. It was a bad idea to talk rubbish about me. You did hurt me! ________________________________________________________________ 6. It is possible that my father picks you up. ________________________________________________________________ 7. It is not necessary to make an appointment at the hairdresser’s. ________________________________________________________________ 8. Don’t take my ipad without permission. ________________________________________________________________ 9.She passed her driving test. I am positive about it. ________________________________________________________________ 10. I suggest you go and see a doctor. ________________________________________________________________ 11. I am sure she offered you a lift. ________________________________________________________________ 12. Her watch simple disappear. Someone ______________________________ 13. It was silly of you to steal those cheesy souvenirs. ________________________________________________________________ 14. It is sad that the boys didn’t win the price. (ought) ________________________________________________________________ 15. Definitely, this is not the restaurant we ate at. ________________________________________________________________

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16. You are not allowed to talk during exams. ________________________________________________________________ 17. It’s Saturday! It isn’t necessary for me to get up early. ________________________________________________________________ 18. Yes, it’s ok for you to arrive late. ________________________________________________________________ 20. You worry too much! Relax!. ________________________________________________________________ 21. It is possible that she ran away with her boyfriend. ________________________________________________________________

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WRITING WORKSHOP BASIC GRAMMAR NOTIONS. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (concordancia suj-ver.) -

The subject and the verb have to agree in NUMBER. This bag belongs to Valeria / These bags belong to Valeria / Her mother doesn´t work. (Remember! people is PLURAL People don´t understand teachers. Some people are very inconsiderate) People is criticizing her attitude. are O BUT: 1. Singular nouns which refer to groups (collective n) can take either singular or plural verbs in British English. - The team has/have won the competition. The police is/are searching for the corpse. 2. Indefinite pronouns take SINGULAR VERBS. - Nobody (no one) is guilty for the accident / Everybody makes mistakes / Is anybody at home? USE OF ADJETIVES 1. Adjectives come BEFORE NOUNS, and after certain verbs (copulative v. : be, become, feel…) - I don´t like unhealthy food /There is a very cheap shop around the corner / I feel good here) 2. Adjectives never have a plural form, not even when they go with a plural noun!!! - He always wears expensive trainers. There are very good students in this class. 3. Adjectives follow a specific order before the noun. (remember: opinion d a sh c o m noun) dashcom: dimension, age, shape, colour, origin, material. - A beautiful big old square colorful Persian carpet

UNIT 1. EXPRESSING CAUSE AND RESULT. REMEMBER THE CAUSE CONNECTORS IN UNIT 1. - BECAUSE (+CLAUSE) … PORQUE… - SINCE (+ CLAUSE) YA QUE … / PUESTO QUE … - AS (+CLAUSE) COMO… / DADO QUE … - BECAUSE OF/ DUE TO/ AS A RESULT OF + NOUN PHRASE Por … / debido a … / a causa de … /

-

Since you are not paying attention, I will not go on with the lesson. I will not go on with the lesson as you are not paying attention. May factories have closed down in Valencina because of/ due to/ as a result of the crisis. (“por la crisis/ debido a la crisis”…)

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TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH. 1.- Debido a su excelente conocimiento de inglés y otras lenguas extranjeras , creo María está preparada para trabajar como directora. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.- Como no confío en ella, no le contaré nada sobre mis planes secretos. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.- No puedo concentrarme por todo el ruido que hay fuera, pues mis padres están dando una fiesta. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.- Muchos países no pueden sobrevivir a causa de la falta de recursos. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.- Mis amigos no la aguantan por su mal genio e intolerancia. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.- Me suspendieron por/debido a mis faltas de ortografía. …………………………………………………………… 7.- Los centros comerciales estaban abarrotados debido a las rebajas de Navidad ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8.- No pude ir al gimnasio, ya que terminé de trabajar muy tarde. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Por lo que a mí respecta, el ambiente en el parque es inaceptable por el alcohol y la suciedad. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10.- Mucha gente está sin comer y sin trabajar debido a la crisis económica . ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11.- Tal y como yo lo veo, los jóvenes deberían comer menos comida basura, ya que es poco saludable. (1 word) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… 12.- Como no se me da bien hablar, déjame mostrarte con este abrazo cuánto me importas. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. EXPRESING RESULT OR CONSEQUENCE (oraciones consecutivas) Note the following examples and their connectors: “He didn’t study at all and he failed all his exams”. “He failed all his exams because he hadn’t studied at all”( cause) “He didn’t study at all; as a result, he failed all his exams”(consequence) “He didn’t study at all; as a consequence, he failed all his exams” (consequence) “He didn’t study at all; consequently, he failed all his exams” (consequence) “He didn’t study at all; so , he failed all his exams” (consequence) “He didn’t study at all; that’s why he failed all his exams” (consequence) “He didn’t study at all; because of this, he failed all his exams” (consequence) “He didn’t study at all; thus, he failed all his exams” (consequence) “He didn’t study at all; therefore, he failed all his exams” (consequence) 17

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PRACTICE “We were really angry with Marta because she told us a bunch of lies” 1.- (as a result)……………………………………………………………………… 2.- (as a consequence) …………………………………………………………… 3.- (consequently)…………………………………………………………………. 4.- (so)………………………………………………………………………………. 5.- (that’s why)……………………………………………………………………… 6.- (because of this)……………………………………………………………….. 7.- (thus)……………………………………………………………………………. 8.- (therefore)……………………………………………………………………….

UNIT 2. EXPRESSING CONTRAST AND ADDITION. CO N TRAST : note the following examples: •

“I am really exhausted but I think I´ll go out to have some fun” (pero, conjunción)

•

“I am really exhausted; however, I think I´ll go out to have some fun” ( sin embargo)

•

”On the one hand, I am really exhausted. On the other hand, I´ll go out to have some fun” ( por una parte,…; por otra parte)

•

“Unlike Susan, Pat likes pop music” (al contrario que Susan, a Pat le gusta la música pop)

•

Although/Even though Susan likes rap music, she can´t understand the lyrics.

But and although/even though express contrast within a sentence. Examples: It was raining heavil , but the kids stayed in the playground. The kids stayed in the playground although it was raining heavily. Although it was raining heavily, the kids stayed in the playground However and on the other hand express contrast between two different sentences. They are followed by a comma. Examples: The traffic was really bad; however, we were not late. I want to go to Scotland; on the other hand, I know I’ll miss you a lot Unlike is a preposition and it’s followed by a noun, noun phrase or pronoun. Examples: Unlike my brother, I like art. Unlike Phil, Paul has a talent for business PRACTICE.- EXPRESS CONTRAST BY USING THE WORDS GIVEN 1.- I must learn English to get a good job / I don’t like foreign languages (but) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. (however) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ( on the other hand) ………………………………………………………………………………………… (although) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18

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2.- Youth hostels are cheap / They are usually noisy and crowded. (but) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. (however) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ( on the other hand) ………………………………………………………………………………………… (although) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… LOOKING ON THE BRIGHT SIDE ( mirando el lado bueno) As they say, every cloud has a silver lining !!! Write sentences by using the words in brackets . 1.- I earn very little. I love my job. (Nevertheless) ………………………………………………………………….. 2.- Sarah is very shy. She is sweet and a good friend (on the other hand). ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.- Learning a foreign language is hard. It is rewarding in the end (although) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.- I hate rainy days. I know water is necessary for us and the environment. (however) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.- I’m tired of trying over and over again. I’m sure persistence pays off. (although) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ( however) ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ( on the other hand) …………………………………………………………………………………………. 5.- TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH. 1.- Aunque mi casa está lejos de Sevilla, yo me siento muy a gusto en ella. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.- Al contrario que mis amigos, a mi me gusta pasear y leer novelas. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.- Tengo ganas de ir al extranjero, pero por otra parte, tengo miedo de no entender a la gente. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.- Luis es muy inteligente; sin embargo, es muy vago. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.- No iré a la fiesta aunque insistas. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.- Al contrario de mucha gente, yo no me enfado si no me llaman en mi cumpleaños. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.- Me encanta jugar al fútbol, pero por otra parte, nunca estoy en el primer equipo. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8.- Nunca he sido una persona celosa; sin embargo tú te pones celosa cada vez que una chica me habla. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9.- Tú me escuchas siempre y, sin embargo, nunca me entiendes. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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REMEMBER: IN SPITE OF

NOUN PHRASE +

DESPITE

VERB –ING

She didn´t get the job in spite of her high qualifications She didn´t get the job in spite of being highly qualified.

OF THE FACT THAT + CLAUSE

i

She didn´t get the job in spite of the fact that she is

m

highly qualified.

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH 1.- Aunque el tiempo era muy malo y estaba lloviendo, tuvimos una maravillosa barbacoa. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2.- A pesar de todos mis problemas, soy la persona más feliz del mundo. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.- Conseguiré ese puesto de trabajo aunque tenga que trabajar duro. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.- A pesar de ser muy tímida, Esther es una profesora maravillosa. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.- Aunque tengo sueño no puedo irme a la cama todavía. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6.- A pesar del hecho de que España está atravesando una crisis económica horrible, no perdemos la esperanza. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7.- Aunque llevo estudiando inglés 10 años todavía no puedo hablarlo con fluidez. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8.- A pesar de su edad, Matilde tiene una vida social muy activa. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9.- A pesar de haber vivido juntos toda nuestra vida, no me canso de mirarte. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10.- Te quiero decir la verdad, aunque no lo mereces. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ALTHOUGH/ IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE / EVEN THOUGH / HOWEVER (HOW TO EXPRESS UNEXPECTED RESULTS) 1.- Write sentences with the same meaning by using the word given a) Even though it was cold, I went swimming - Despite...................................................................................................................................................... - However...................................................................................................................................................... b) Despite her low marks, she was admitted to the university. - Although................................................................................................................................................... - (the fact).................................................................................................................................................. - Even though............................................................................................................................................. - However.................................................................................................................................................. c) He wasn’t tired, but he went to bed anyway - Although.................................................................................................................................................. - In spite of .............................................................................................................................................. - However..................................................................................................................................................... d) Tim was all alone and lost in the city; However, he didn’t panic - Even though........................................................................................................................................... - Despite.................................................................................................................................................... e) Despite her patience, she lost her temper yesterday - In spite of (V-ing)..................................................................................................................................... - Although.................................................................................................................................................. 20

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- However.................................................................................................................................................. f) Although we make mistakes, we must be happy anyway - Despite.................................................................................................................................................... - (the fact).................................................................................................................................................. - Even though............................................................................................................................................ g) Even though the work was hard, they enjoyed themselves - In spite of ............................................................................................................................................... - However................................................................................................................................................. - (though, end of sentence)........................................................................................................................ h) Although Liza was driving carefully, she had that horrible accident - Despite..................................................................................................................................................... - However................................................................................................................................................... i) She wan’t hungry, but she ate two dishes of ice cream anyway - Although................................................................................................................................................... - Despite...................................................................................................................................................... - (though, end of sentence).......................................................................................................................... k) He lied to me; however, I still trust him - Even though............................................................................................................................................. - In spite of.................................................................................................................................................. EXPRESSIN G ADDITIO N . Addition Linking words join ideas that are related to same topic. The list include different linking items, such as : and, also, too, as well, as well as, not only … but also … , besides, moreover, furthermore, what’s more, in addition … These items have got different uses. We will try to clarify these differences through examples we will mention below : TOO: Peter is hardworking .He’s intelligent too. ALSO: Petter is hardworking . He’s also intelligent. AS WELL / AS WELL AS: Peter is hardworking . He’s intelligent as well. / Peter speaks English as well as French. NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO… Peter is not only hardworking but also intelligent. M O REO VER / BESIDES / FU RTH ERM O RE / W H AT’S M O RE / IN ADDITIO N : Voluntary work is very important for the development of our society. For example, it is the best way to help people in need like orphans and poor children. Besides, this type of work helps youth to learn more and gain more experiences, especially when working in organisations .In addition, it teaches them how to be cooperative and helpful in society. Moreover (furthermore, what’s more), voluntary work spreads love among communities.

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UNIT 3. ADJECTIVE FORMATION (FOR DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS). 1.- Adjectives in - ed/-ing Choose the right adjective. Example: “It was shocking/shocked to see how the whole village flooded because of the tsunami” 1.- The film was really boring/bored because it had a very predictable ending. 2.- When Pam farted in front of the class we were all very embarrassed/ embarrassing. 3.- I found the whole situation very disappointing/ disappointed. 4.- My parents get very excited/exciting when they see their grandchildren 5.- No wonder everyone was speechless after such shocked/ shocking news. 6.- Once the horror film ended, none of us could sleep. We were all terrified/terrifying 7.- The last few weeks have been exhausting / exhausted at work. So now, I only feel like resting at home 8.- My mother is out of a job and my father is retired . What a worrying/worried prospect!!! 9.- For many people it’s very annoying/annoyed to listen to the music some kids play loud on the bus. 10.- We were amazed/amazing at the way the policeman talked to the old lady. 2.- Rewrite the following sentences by using the suffix – less I have no money. I’m broke( use penny): ……………………………………………………………………… I don’t know what to say…………………………………………………………………………………..……... There are lots of people who have no house to live in………………………………………………………., This film seems to have no end…………………………………………………………………………………… Once upon a time there was king with no mercy……………………………………………………………….. He lost all his teeth in an accident……………………………………………………………………………….. Maria has no hope at all…………………………………………………………………………………………… It’s no use complaining without acting ………………………………………………………………………….,,

3.- Create adjectives and their opposite from the nouns in the box + the suffixes -less and – ful. Then write a sentence with each of the adjectives. NOUN + LESS ( lack of...) NOUN + FUL (abstract noun) Noun harm

Adjective 1 Harmless

Adjective 2 harmful

Your sentence with 1 of the adjectives. Don’t worry about the dog. It’s harmless.

peace use hope care power

4.- Rewrite these phrases or sentences without changing the meaning. Follow the example: Example: A man with wavy hair= A wavy-haired man. A girl with long hair= ………………………………………………………………………………. A boy with blue eyes= ……………………………………………………………………………… Men with fat bodies=……………………………………………………………………………….. A car with 5 doors=………………………………………………………………………………… I don’t like boys with a big nose=………………………………………………………………….. Yesterday I met a soldier with one arm=…………………………………………………………. 22

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A boy with a round face…………………………………………………………………………… A baby with a big head……………………………………………………………………………. Women with fat bodies…………………………………………………………………………….. People with an absent mind………………………………………………………………………… I hate people with a hard heart…………………………………………………………………….. The story is about a bull with two heads……………………………………………………………… My father has got curly hair……………………………………………………................................... She can’t see very well because her eyes are crossed…………………………………................... I have a house with 3 toilets………………………………………………………………………… We booked a room with two beds…………………………………………………………………... I don’t understand people with a narrow mind……………………………………………………..

UNIT 5. EXPRESSING PURPOSE (oraciones finales). 1.- TO IN ORDER TO SO AS TO

+ INFINITIVE (para+infinitivo) to I´ve phoned you in order to so as to

talk about our problem. (if negative, NOT is placed before TO)

2.- SO THAT + CLAUSE (para que + oración) In most of the cases with modal auxiliaries: ♦ can, will (for present) “Turn down the radio so that I can sleep” “ I’ll take the umbrella, so I won’t get wet” ♦could,would( for past) “ She turned down the radio so I could sleep” “ I took the umbrella so I wouldn’t get wet” - With a different subject: “She gave me her phone number so that I could contact her"

REMEMBER FOR TO …



REPHRASE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE MEANING 1.- Sarah is learning English because she wants to get a better job (TO) ………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.- Albert went to the bank. He wanted to cash a cheque (IN ORDER TO) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.- I’ll give you a map. This way, you will find the way all right. (SO THAT) …………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 4.- Librarians will open the library before; then the students will be able to study longer (SO THAT) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.- My neighbours switch off the heating at 9 PM. They save money. (IN ORDER TO) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6.- I am going to study harder. I want to be able to get the scholarship (SO THAT) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7.- Mark always gets to work early. He doesn´t want to make his boss angry (IN ORDER TO) 23

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8.- She will speak slowly and clearly. Then you will be able to understand her (SO THAT) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9.- She didn’t make a noise because she didn´t want to wake her parents up. (TO INFINITIVE) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10.- I hurried. I didn’t want to be late ( SO THAT) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING: 1.- I’m going on a diet so (that).................................................................................................................... 2.- She will give us her phone number so (that).......................................................................................... 3.- She sang a lullaby so (that) the baby....................................................................................................... 4.- I stayed home last weekend in order to................................................................................................... 5.- You shouldn’t make noise so (that)......................................................................................................... PURPOSE. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH 1.- Necesito tiempo y un lugar tranquilo para concentrarme en mis estudios ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.- Nosotros votamos a nuestros políticos para que nos sirvan. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.- Deberías dedicar más tiempo al inglés para mejorar tu pronunciación. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.- Cogeremos un taxi para que no llegues tarde al aeropuerto. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.- ¿Por qué no lees un libro para no aburrirte? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.- Me gustaría que me contaras tu problema para poder ayudarte ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.- Mis padres van a comprar otro ordenador para que podamos trabajar todos. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8.- Viajaré a Inglaterra para mejorar mi inglés. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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EXTENSION MATERIAL CONECTORS OF SEQUENCE AND TIME EXPRESSIONS

Have a look at the example about how to make an English cup of tea:

Other expressions to arrange your ideas clearly and in order are:

a) Write the recipe of your favourite dish. Use connectors of sequence. ........................................................................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................

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WRITING GUIDE. HELPFUL EXPRESSIONS. 1.- TO PRESENT A TOPIC. • It is often said / asserted / claimed that ... It is often asserted that the youth of today doesn’t care for anything. Your example: ______________________________________________________________ • It is undeniably true that war springs from greed. Your example: ______________________________________________________________ • It is a well known fact that unemployment is increasing dramatically in Spain. Your example:_______________________________________________________________ • It is sometimes forgotten that investment is essential for economic growth. Your example: ______________________________________________________________ 2.- TO SUPPORT AN ARGUMENT. • It should be stressed that this measure will be taken into account as a last resort. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ • It is undoubtedly true that time is money. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ • We should point out that the issue of starvation in the Third World is of paramount importance. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ 3.- TO EXPRESS DOUBT. • It is questionable whether the author intended this. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ • It is certainly possible that the teacher made a mistake in his lecture. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ 4.- TO SHOW YOUR PERSONAL VIEWPOINT. • In my opinion, / Personally, / From my point of view, From my viewpoint / as I see it, your argument just doesn’t hold water. Your example: ________________________________________________________________ 5.- EVALUATIVE MARKERS. • Unfortunately, there were too many casualties in the terrorist attack. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ • Luckily, I managed to hand in my project in time. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ • Hopefully, you will all pass your Selectividad exams. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ 6.- ITENSIFYING MARKERS. • Obviuosly / Needless to say, you will be asked to give evidence of your hypothesis. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ 7.- DOWNTONING MARKERS. • Apparently, the suspect had hidden the gun in a bush. 26

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Your example: _______________________________________________________________ • On the whole, your work is not consistent. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ • To a certain extent, the author portrays his characters in a superficila way. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ 8.- SEQUENTIAL CONNECTORS. A) ENUMERATION: First(ly) ..., Secondly..., Lastly ... Firstly, you turned up interrupting my lesson. Secondly, you kept on playing the fool all time. Lastly, you broke my new biro. What the hell do you think you are doing? Your example: _______________________________________________________________ •

B) SUMMARY. • To sum up / In short, the government’s intervention was aimed at ending the strike. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ C) CONCLUSION. • In conclusion ( In the end / Finally), the book deals with the cruelty of man in the Elizabethan society. Your example: _______________________________________________________________ • All in all, teachers only want their students to pass and have a good life in the future. Your example:________________________________________________________________ •

Last but not least, hard work and dedication is the key to success.

Your example: _________________________________________________________________ I wish I were hunting jellyfish …

EMO SPONGEBOB is fed up with English

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WRITING PRACTICE. TRANSLATIONS WITH CONNECTORS. 1.1. RESULT. 1. La situación en la fiesta era tan grave que tuvimos que llamar a la policía. 2. Ana es una chica tan adorable que todo el mundo la quiere. 3. El precio del coche es un abuso, así que no me lo puedo permitir. 4. El criminal ha sido declarado culpable. Por lo tanto, será condenado a cadena perpetua. 1.2. REASON. 5. No llegó a tiempo al examen, ya que se quedó dormido. Hasta cierto punto, estoy implica irresponsabilidad. 6. Dado que no has ayudado a tu madre con las tareas de la casa, hoy no saldrás. (seeing that) 7. No pudimos jugar el partido debido a la falta de jugadores. 8. Lamentamos comunicarles que el vuelo ha sido cancelado a causa de la huelga. 9. El número de jóvenes que busca trabajo en el extranjero se ha incrementado espectacularmente debido al hecho de que muchas empresas han cerrado en España. 1.3. PURPOSE. 10. Llamé a la oficina ayer para decirle que no iría a trabajar. Sin embargo, no pude contactar. 11. ¿Qué tenemos que hacer para solicitar este trabajo? 12. Entra en casa en silencio para no despertar a tu hermano. 13. Susana no me contó la verdad para no hacerme daño. 14. El gobierno está diseñando una campaña para fomentar el empleo juvenil. 15. He preparado estos ejercicios para que podáis escribir mejor. 16. La directora llamó a todos los padres para que los alumnos pudieran salir más temprano. 1.5. CONTRAST. 17. Aunque los precios de las casas han bajado, las ventas no han mejorado. (Rewrite with however) 18. Hemos podido salir a tiempo a pesar de los imprevistos.

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19. Lo pasamos muy bien a pesar del hecho de que hubo muchos problemas de organización. 20. A pesar de la falta de ayuda, la organización de la excursión fue un gran éxito. 21. Mientras que muchos alumnos están atendiendo y trabajando, vosotros estáis interrumpiendo y molestando. 22. Por un lado, me apetece comer algo más. Por otro lado, creo que debería vigilar mi peso 23. Mucha gente está muriendo de pobreza mientras que unos pocos privilegiados malgastan su dinero. 1.5. CONDITION. 24. No saldrás esta noche a menos que ordenes tu habitación. (rewrite with as long as = siempre que) 25. Puedes coger mi portátil siempre que no navegues por Internet. 26. Coge un poco de dinero por si lo necesitas durante el fin de semana. 1.6. ADDITIONAL INFO, REINFORCING AN ARGUMENT. 27. No viajaría contigo en toda mi vida. Además, pienso que eres una persona bastante aburrida. 28. La actitud de Sandra no fue sólo infantil, sino también estúpida. 29. Jaime no sólo trabaja duro, sino que también le da todo el dinero a sus padres. 30. En términos generales (en general), los profesores sólo quieren lo mejor para sus alumnos.

Perfer et obdura; dolor hic tibi proderit olim. Be patient and tough, some day this pain will be useful to you.

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

SUMMARY OF LINGUISTIC FUNCTIONS:

1.- Listing points (enumerar) - First/ Firstly/First of all. - Second/ Secondly -Third/thirdly - Finally/ Lastly/ last but not least. 2.- Giving examples - For example - For instance - such as (como, tales como) 3.- Giving personal opinions -I agree with (sth or sb) -I agree that..... -I agree strongly / up to a point / to a certain extent -I disagree = I don't agree - To my mind / In my opinion / In my view / From my point of view. 4.- Making generalizations - In general - Broadly speaking=Roughly speaking - Basically

8.- Saying obvious things - Obviously/ No doubt -There is no need to say that..... -Needless to say that / Everybody knows.... 9.- Adding extra Information - Besides: además - Furthermore: Es más,... - What's more: Es más - In addition (to this),... 10.- Expressing cause - Because / as / since (conjunción)+ Clause - Because of/due to+ Noun - This is why + Clause 11. Expressing consequence or result - so + adj/adv + that............ - so much /so many + noun + that..... - such (a) + (adj) + noun + that - As a consequence ... - As a result , como consecuencia - Consequently - So: por lo tanto; por consiguiente - Therefore/ Thus: por lo tanto

5.- Expressing contrasts -But - However=Nevertheless (sin embargo) -Whereas=While (mientras) - On the one hand.....On the other hand - Although/ even though +-Clause - Despite = In spite of + Ving + noun. - Despite/ In spite of the fact + Clause.

12.- Expressing purpose (finalidad) - In order to - To +Infinitive (mismo sujeto) - So as (not) to - so that/ so + Clause (normalmente distinto Sujeto)

6.- Giving conclusions - In short -To sum up -In conclusion. - All in all… (en definitiva)

13.- Expressing probability - probably: probablemente - To be likely to: ser probable - In all probability:con toda probabilidad - There's a good chance that: es muy probable

7.- Rephrasing ideas - In other words -That is to say - To make a long story short (colloq)

14.- Expressing a condition - If: si - Unless: a menos que - as long as/provided/providing: con tal que - Otherwise: de lo contrario. - On the condition that. Con la condición de que - In case: por si acaso

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH 1.- En primer lugar, tú no sabes qué duro es nuestro trabajo; en segundo lugar, no tienes experiencia laboral y para terminar, eres demasiado joven para ese puesto. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2,. Por ejemplo, debes dirigir un equipo de 100 personas y deberías tener distintas habilidades, tales como paciencia, actitud positiva y voluntad de solucionar cada problema. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.- Estoy de acuerdo con esa afirmación hasta cierto punto. Desde mi punto de vista las cosas no san tan sencillas. Si todo fuera tan sencillo, la vida sería mucho mejor. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.- Por lo general las mujeres son más sensibles que los hombres; sin embargo, conozco a algunas mujeres que parecen piedras y a algunos hombres llorar mientras veían una película romántica. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.- A pesar de los inconvenientes, y aunque puede que tengamos muchas dificultades, estoy decidido a tomar el riesgo. En mi opinión, vale la pena intentarlo. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.- En definitiva, todo el mundo busca la felicidad y la gente hará tantas cosas como necesite para conseguirla. Ser feliz es el objetivo que todos nosotros compartimos. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.- La vida está llena de tragedias que jamás sucedieron; es decir, muy a menudo tenemos miedo y pensamos que lo peor nos va a pasar a nosotros o a nuestros seres queridos. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .- No hace falta ni decir que todo el mundo se emociona cuando sus sueños se hacen realidad y es obvio que tarde o temprano algunos de nuestros sueños se cumplen. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9.- No tienes razón cuando dices que no hay gente mala y perversa; además, no tienes que ir muy lejos para descubrir que están por todas partes. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10.- Debido a la crisis económica hay mucho paro y la gente está muy preocupada por su futuro y su trabajo. Esto es por lo que el gobierno y los partidos políticos están discutiendo qué medidas se deben tomar para poner fin a esta situación. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11.- Inglaterra es un país tan rico y tiene tantos recursos económicos que muchas empresas quieren invertir su dinero allí. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

PARALLEL STRUCTURES 1.- Both … and … - “James and Luke went to the cinema.” Both James and Luke went to the cinema. - “ I wrote a letter and a report as well” I wrote both a letter and a report. - “ Mariah has sold her car and so has Phil Both M and Phil have sold their car Maria and Phil have both sold their car. 2.- Either…. or… - “You can either stay here or leave” - “She could make up her mind: she could either keep the secret or tell it to the judge” - “ Mark’s comments were weird: he was either drunk or out of his mind” 3.- Neither…. nor - “ Ben doesn’t smoke and he doesn’t drink alcohol either“ - “ I’m neither sad nor tired; I’m disappointed”

Ben neither smokes nor drinks alcohol.

4.- Not only ……. but also - “Ann speaks Russian; in addition, she is fluent in German” “ Ann not only speaks Russian, but she is also fluent in German” - “ They are very good at sports; besides, they are willing to be the best ones” “ They are not only good at sports but also willing to be the best ones” 5.- Whether ….. or - “She had to decide whether she should go to the party or stay home and study.” - “I didn't know whether I should continue trusting him or not tell him anything else”. - “Considering what has happened lately, I don't know whether to laugh or cry” TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH 1.- Ralph no sólo se enfadó sino que también se marchó. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 2.- No tenía ninguna otra opción: o pagar la factura o ir a la cárcel. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.- No invité ni a Andrés ni a Susana ya que no me gustan en absoluto. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.- No sé si me quedaré en casa o iré a la playa en semana santa. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 5.- Los dos, Borja y Lidia son las personas más trabajadores del barrio. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 6.- Me pregunto si encontraremos la paz algún día o estaremos siempre en guerra. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 7.- Puedes o bien quejarte toda la vida de tu suerte o hacer algo para cambiarla. …………………………………………………………………………………………. 8.- Tanto Shakespeare como Cervantes murieron el mismo día. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

SO – SUCH / TOO – ENOUGH. REMEMBER:

SO + ADJECTIVE / ADVERB THAT … (+clause) Mark is so shy that he finds it difficult to meet new people. My daddy drives so slowly that it gets on my nerves. SUCH A + NOUN PHRASE (ADJECTIVE + SINGULAR NOUN) THAT … (+clause) Mark is such a shy man that he finds it difficult to meet new people SUCH + NOUN PHRASE (ADJECTIVE + PLURAL/UNCOUNTABLE NOUN) THAT … (+clause) Iñaki y Pepe are such good friends that they never argue. It was such nice weather that we decided to spend the day on the beach.

TOO + ADJECTIVE/ADVERB + TO INFINITIVE Mark is too shy to meet new people

(note: shy

outgoing)

VERB+NOT + ADJECTIVE/ADVERB + ENOUGH + TO INFINITIVE Mark is not outgoing enough to meet new people.

HAVE A LOOK AT THESE EXAMPLES: Phil can’t carry that suitcase because it’s really heavy. 1.- That suitcase is really heavy; this is why Phil can`t carry it. 2.- That suitcase is so heavy that Phil can`t carry it 3.- Phil has such a heavy suitcase that he can’t carry it. 4.- That suitcase weighs so much that Phil can’t carry it. 5.- That suitcase is too heavy for Phil to carry it. 6.- Phil is not strong enough to carry that suitcase. 7.- Phil hasn’t got enough strength to carry that suitcase. NOW IT’S YOUR TURN……… Try to write as many sentences as you can by using different structures and without changing the meaning. 1. Macario cannot find a girlfriend because he’s very ugly and impolite 2. Paco’s house is very small and 3 people can’t live it. 3. The car is very expensive . We can’t afford it. SO/ SUCH(A) 1.- She’s got an excellent English accent. Everyone thinks she is British. (so)………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (such)……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.- Bali has beautiful temples. Tourists from all over the world come to see them (so)………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (such)……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.- The exam was very difficult. As a consequence, nobody pass it. (so)………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (such)……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT TOO/ ENOUGH

1.- He is very young and he can’t drive yet (too)……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (enough)…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.- She’s not experienced, so she won’t get the job (too)……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (enough)…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3.- My sister is very young and she shouldn’t watch horror films (too)……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (enough)…………………………………………………………………………………………………… TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH.1.- Mis padres nunca tuvieron bastante dinero pero fueron lo suficientemente trabajadores para criarnos. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3.- El examen de matemáticas es demasiado difícil y yo no estoy lo suficientemente motivado para estudiar. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4.- No soy lo suficientemente rico para viajar a New York pero tengo bastante dinero para ir a mi pueblo ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.- Soy lo suficientemente fuerte para vivir sin ti. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6.- Tengo demasiados problemas económicos y mi sueldo no es lo suficientemente alto para pagar el alquiler. Esto es demasiado frustrante………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT USEFUL VOCABULARY FOR YOUR COMPOSITIONS

EDUCATION AND LEARNING To attend classes: asistir a clase To pass # To fail: aprobar/ suspender Subject: asignatura. Marks (BrE) / Grades (AmE): Notas To cheat : copiar, hacer trampa Meaningful learning: aprendizaje significativo To learn by heart: aprender de memoria. Vocational training: Formación profesional (Compulsory) Secondary Education: ESO High school: Instituto.Timetable (BrE)/ Schedule (AmE): Horario To skip classes/ play truant: Hacer novillos. Homework/ Assignment: deberes/ tarea. University Entrance Exam University degree: título universitario. Hardworking # lazy: Trabajador # Vago To be good at.....: Darse bien algo SPORTS To win-won-won:ganar (something) To lose- lost-lost: perder To defeat:derrotar (en pasiva) To beat-beat-beaten (somebody) Facilities: instalaciones Team: equipo (group of people) Equipment: equipo (clothes accessories) To train: entrenar To exercise= To work out:Hacer ejercicio To keep fit: mantenerse en forma To be in shape # out of shape: en forma Emotional outlet: vía de escape. Athletics: atletismo Spectator: espectador Supporter: seguidor Sporting spirit: espíritu deportivo To qualify (for)# To disqualify: clasificarse TRAVEL AND HOLIDAYS To go on holiday: Irse de vacaciones To travel on your own : viajar sólo To travel by air/ by sea/by road To hitch-hike: hacer autostop Package holiday/tour: viaje organizado. To go on / to make - Travel (nombre incontable) - a Journey (cualquier distancia) - a Trip ( trayecto corto: placer o trabajo) - a Business trip: viaje de negocios - a Tour: visitar distintos lugares/ gira. - a Cruise: crucero - a Voyage: en barco (esp. Carácter aventurero) Travel agency: agencia de viajes To book= To make a reservation

Victory: victoria. Tournament: torneo Championship: campeonato. ADVERTISING (PUBLICIDAD) To advertise: anunciar Advertisement/Ad: anuncio Commercial: Anuncio( tele/ radio) Market: mercado Consumers: consumidores Target: Blanco- objetivo Advertising Aims: Objetivos de la publicidad To make profit: sacar benificios To sell-sold-sold: vender To create needs: crear necesidades To cover needs: cubrir necesidades To hide the negative aspects: ocultar aspectos negativos Persuade or convince: persuadir To Have influence on: influir en Put emphasis on the positive aspect Brand: marca. Campaign / Promotion: Campañas Special offers: ofertas especiales Appealing= Attractive: atractivo. Needs: - safety: seguridad -Social acceptance: aceptación social -Sense of belongingness: sentido de pertenencia -Self-esteem: autoestima. - Prestige: prestigio

To travel abroad/overseas: viajar al extranjero Luggage (BrE)= Baggage (AmE): equipaje Ways to go: (to go) Sightseeing: visita cultural Pleasure holidays: vacaciones de placer Resting holidays: vacaciones para descansar Accomodation: Hotel: hotel; Inn: pensión; Camping site: camping Youth Hostel: albergue juvenil; Caravan: caravana To rent a car: alquilar un coche By car/coach/train/ship/plane

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

ENVIRONMENT Pollution: contaminación; To pollute: contaminar Greenhouse effect: efecto invernadero Acid rain: lluvia ácida Ozone layer: capa de ozono Fumes: humos Drinking water: agua potable Waste: residuos, desperdicios. Industrial waste: residuos industriales Gases. Global warming: calentamiento de la tierra. The sea level rises: sube el nivel del mar Chemicals: productos químicos. Aerosols, sprays. Save energy. Batteries: pilas Packaging: envasado. To recycle: reciclar To fell trees: talar árboles. Sewage: aguas residuales Ecological disasters desastres ecológicos. To be concerned about: estar preocupado por To give off: emitir JOB AND EMPLOYMENT Employment: empleo Unemployment: paro To be unemployed: estar en paro To be on the dole: cobrar el paro To work as: trabajar como To employ: contratar To take on somebody :contratar To fire= To lay off= to dismiss: despedir Wage: salario (semanal) Salary:salario (mensual). Low salary# high Income: ingresos. To earn: ganar (dinero, asalariado) Permanent job # temporary job. To do overtime: hacer horas extras. Worker = employee: trabajador Employer: empresario. Staff: personal, plantilla Company: empresa. Working experience: experiencia laboral Part-time job: trabajo de media jornada Full- time job: trabajo de jornada completa. (To learn a) trade: (aprender un ) oficio. University degree: título universitario. To earn a living as: ganarse la vida como

LOVE & PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS To be in love with: estar enamorado de To fall in love with: enamorarse de Romance: romance, romanticismo “The apple of my eye: la niña de mis ojos. To cheat: engañar To be faithful: poner los cuernos To Break up: romper To make up: hacer paces To marry (vt): casarse con. To get married (vi): casarse To get on well: llevarse bien To get on badly: llevarse mal Boyfriend – girlfriend: novio, novia Fiancé : prometido ; fiancée: prometida To be engaged: estar comprometido Friendship: amistad. Fair-weather friend: amigo de conveniencia To argue: discutir Acquaintance: conocido To trust: confiar. To share: compartir CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY POSITIVE ATTITUDES: Friendly: sociable Generous/ giving: generoso Hard-working: trabajador Reliable: de confianza Intelligent/ smart: inteligente Polite: educado Well-balanced: equilibrado Sensitive: sensible Sensible: sensato Grown- up: adulto, maduro Brave: valiente Amusing: divertido Creative: creativo NEGATIVE ATTITUDES Selfish: egoista Impolite: mal educado Arrogant/ conceited: vanidoso Double-faced: de doble cara Lazy: vago Irresponsible: irrresponsible Cowardly: cobarde Uncultured: inculto Insensitive/Indifferent: insensible a Foolish: tonto (con poco sentido común) Mean: tacaño, perverso. Naïve: ingenuo Bad-tempered: malhumorado. Cranky: cascarrabias 36



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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

ECONOMY Economic (adj):económico (referido a economía) Economical (adl) económico=barato. Economics: Economía (campo de conocimiento) Currency: moneda, divisa. Coin: moneda (física) Income: ingresos Price: precio Invest (in): invertir Rich=Wealthy=Well-off: Ricos Riches: riqueza Poor, penniless: pobre

Poverty: pobreza Debt : deuda. Foreign debt: deuda externa. Undervelopped countries: países subdesarrollados Developped countries: paises desarrollados To do business with: hacer negocios con. Businessman/businesswoman: Hombre de neg Raw material: materias primas. Manufactured products: productos manufact. (To make) profits: sacar beneficios. Trade: comercio; To trade with: tener acuerdos comerciales con Import: importar # export: exportar.

ENGLISH CAN BE FUN …





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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT VOCABULARY ! Task 1 Put the words below into the correct category. The accused/defendant arsonist (release on) bail blackmailer burglar defence Capital punishment community service corporal punishment find innocent/guilty Fine forger hijacker inquiry judge jury kidnapper lawyer mugger Murderer pickpocket prison sentence (put on) probation prosecution shoplifter Smuggler suspended sentence thief trial verdict witness testimony evidence Criminals

Law courts

Sentences & Punishments

! Task 2 Complete the definitions with the words being defined. a) ............................................... takes control of a plane or boat by force. b) ............................................... sees what happens during a crime or accident. c) ................................................ brings goods into the country illegally. d) .................................................gets money from others by threatening to tell secrets. e) ...............................................steals from houses. f) ............................................... steals your wallet from your pocket and runs away. g) ............................................... assaults you in order to rob you. h) ........................................... steals goods from a retail store while posing as a customer i) ............................................... deliberately sets fire to property ! Task 3 Read the following text and choose the correct alternative in each pair. Last year my house was broken into and 1 robbed/stolen. I immediately informed the police. A police officer came to the house and asked me to make a list of what had been 2 robbed/stolen. I told him my neighbours had seen someone suspicious at the time of the 3 forgery/burglary, so they had to go to the police station and 4 make/do a statement. About a month later the police contacted me to say they had arrested a 5 defendant/suspect. When the case came to court, I went to 6 give/tell evidence. Of course, the man 7 admitted/pleaded not guilty. The 8 jury/lawyer decided there was not enough proof to 9 try/convict him,and he was 10 let off/let go.

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

Task 4

Choose the most appropriate word underlined. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

The police arrested Jack and took him into custody / detention / prison. In most countries, the capital/death/execution penalty has been abolished. A man is said to be helping the police with their arrests/detection/inquiries. The judge in the court was wearing a hairpiece/head-dress/wig. Two football fans were later charged with agression/assault/attack. Less serious cases are dealt with in the criminal/juvenile/magistrate’ s court. I was given a light sentence because it was my first case/charge/offence. The case was dismissed for lack of evidence/a jury/witnesses. ‘Members of the jury, what is your answer/summary/verdict?’

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

ENGLISH PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

WE GET ON LIKE A HOUSE ON FIRE !!!

1.- Match these English proverbs with their Spanish equivalents: 1) Between the devil and the deep sea

___ Dios los cría y ellos se juntan.

2) Where there's a will there's a way

___ Más vale pájaro en mano que cientos volando.

3) A friend in need is a friend indeed

___ Más vale tarde que nunca.

4) All that glitters is not gold

___ No hay mal que por bien no venga.

5) As you sow, so you shall reap

___ Entre la espada y la pared.

6) Better late than never

___ Querer es poder.

7) A bird in hand is worth two in the bush

___ En la necesidad se conoce al amigo.

8) Birds of a feather flock together

___ Ser culo de mal asiento. (Evita ataduras)

9) Every cloud has its silver lining

___ El que siembra, recoge.

10) Birds of a feather flock together

___ No es oro todo lo que reluce.

11) To run with the hare and hunt with the hounds ___ Perro ladrador, poco mordedor. 12) His bark is worse than his bark

___ Estar en misa y repicando.

2.- Match these English proverbs with their Spanish equivalents: 1) Actions speak louder than words ___ Las desgracias nunca vienen solas 2) He laughs best who laughs last ___ Obras son amores y no buenas razones 3) Great haste makes great waste ___ Más vale prevenir que curar 4) One man's meat is another man's poison ___ Ojos que no ven, corazón que no siente 5) Prevention is better than cure ___ No hagas una montaña de un grano de arena 6) Rome was not built in a day ___ La sangre tira 7) Strike while the iron is hot ___ En la variedad está el gusto 8) When in Rome do as the Romans do ___ No lances las campanas al vuelo 9) Don't judge a book by its cover ___ El que ríe ultimo, ríe mejor 10) Blood is thicker than water ___ Las prisas son malas consejeras 11) Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. ___ Aprovecha mientras puedas 12) Don't make a mountain out of a molehill ___ Empezar la casa por el tejado 13) Out of sight, out of mind ___ Lo que a uno cura, a otro mata 14) To put the cart before the horse ___ Roma no se construyó en un día 15) You can't have your cake and eat it ___ Allá donde fueres, haz lo que vieres 16) It never rains but it pours ___ No juzgues por las apariencias 17) Variety is the spice of life ___ No cantes victoria antes de tiempo. ___ Teta y sopa no caben en la boca.

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