Ariel Research

Ariel Research, a market research company, had just collected a large dataset from a random sample of Canadian consumers

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Ariel Research, a market research company, had just collected a large dataset from a random sample of Canadian consumers. This data set contained 125,000 entries on different brands of products. The brands were grouped into 41 separate categories. Product information was collected that related to the whole concept of brand equity. The Ariel group knew all about brand equity and how important it was to any company. They also knew that it was often a difficult concept to measure due to its intangible and complex nature. Ariel Research had tried to quantify brand equity - that is, turm an intangible concept into tangible measurements that would later help in making important marketing decisions. Now the company wanted to access whether or not it had succeeded in this task.

What is Brand Equity? Brand equity is commonly identified as the value added to a brand due to its name. High brand equity levels help companies maintain their competitive advantage. Brand equity knowledge is also valuable as a strategic asset since it helps managers know whether they can charge a premium for a brand and how much they can leverage this equity into the sale of other products. For example, Coke has huge brand equity, both as a company and at the product level. The high brand equity of Coca Cola's products world-wide guarantees a certain level of sales just by virtue of the name Coca Cola. Typically, brand equity can be divided into two areas: financial brand equity and marketing brand equity. Financial brand equity can be described as "the value placed on a brand on the balance sheet, which represents the value thought to reside in the brand name." Marketing equity, which is the area of brand equity explored in the Ariel data set, can be described as "the value added to a brand due to its name as endorsed by consumer loyalty, willingness to buy at a premium price, resistance to competitive marketing efforts, etc." Continuing with the Coke example, it would be expected that customers are willing to pay a little bit more for this beverage than they would pay for another brand of cola with lower brand equity. Similarly, you might expect a customer who values Coke to buy a T-shirt with the Coca-Cola logo on it over a plain T-shirt with no logo. Brand equity is fairly complex in that many aspects can feed brand equity, such as the brand being relevant to a customer's lifestyle and the brand having the type of personality that the customer loves. A company creates equity in a brand through the proper combination of advertising of the brand, promotion of the brand in a variety of ways, positioning the brand in the proper channels, and consistently managing the brand identity over time so that a customer relationship is maintained. This creation of brand equity is a complex and creative process that often involves treating a brand as if it has a certain personality and relating the brand to the personality of the customer who is likely to buy the product. But how can brand equity be measured? Ariel's Model of Brand Equity The group knew it was one thing to understand what brand equity is but quite another to measure it. Ariel created a multi-dimensional measure of brand equity with five main variables: familiarity of the product, perceived uniqueness of the product, popularity of the product, relevancy of the product to lifestyle, and customer loyalty to the product.

Ariel's Brand Equity Database The Ariel database was collected through a mail-panel survey. Responses were submitted by 5,000 respondents who filled out personal demographic information as well as several category sections within the questionnaire. Each category section consisted of questions relating to a small number of brands (usually four to six) that were considered category leaders. These leading brands were chosen because, collectively, they occupied the majority of the category market share. The respondent database was then re-oriented so that it contained 125,000 records, with each record containing ratings for a specific brand, along with respondent information. This brandoriented database was intended to be used to model customer attitudes towards brands across categories, in order to hopefully draw general conclusions about how these attitudes related to brand behaviour and brand loyalty. Ariel believed that these key concepts had a strong influence on brand equity.

The Dataset The following demographic variables are included in the dataset. Demographic Variables

Description

Region

1=Maritimes; 2=Quebec; 3=Ontario; 4=West

Gender

1=Female; 2=Male

Age

in years

Children

Children in home (1=Yes; 2=No)

Income

1= < $30k; 2= $30-S49.9k; 3= $50-$74.9k; 4=$75k+

Five questions were posed in order to measure brand equity. The respondents were instructed to answer each of these questions on a scale of 1 to 10: The more they agreed with a question, the closer the score was to 10; the less they agreed, the closer the score was to 1. The questions were as follows Famil: I am familiar and understand what this brand is about. Uniqu:This brand has unique or different features or a distinct image other brands in this category don't have. Relev: This brand is appropriate and fits my lifestyle and needs. Loyal: This brand is the only brand for me. Popul: This brand is a popular brand.

Ariel decided that a response of 8, 9, or 10 indicated high brand loyalty; otherwise, low brand loyalty was indicated. Consequently, the group created five binary variables from the above five dimensions. These variables were defined as follows: Familbin

0 = not loyal (responses of 1 to 7); 1 = loyal (responses of 8-10)

Uniqubin

0 = not loyal (responses of 1 to 7); 1= loyal (responses of 8-10)

Relevbin

0 = not loyal (responses of 1 to 7),1 = loyal (responses of 8-10)

Loyalbin

0= not loyal (responses of 1 to 7); 1= loyal (responses of 8-10)

Populbin

0 = not loyal (responses of 1 to 7); 1= loyal (responses of 8-10)

As a starting point, the group decided to focus its analysis on two categories: fast food companies (FAST.SAV, product number 7B10E023A) and air travel (TRAVEL.SAV, product number 7B10E023B).

Questions Use the dataset TRAVEL.SAV 1. 1. Run a crosstabs using the variables BRAND and LOYAL BIN. What do the results tell you? 2. Delete the brands associated with UK and AirUSA (usc SELECT CASES). Rerun the crosstabs. What do the results tell you? Use the dataset FAST.SAV 1. What statistical analysis is suitable to measure brand equity with the collected data? Why? 2. Compare loyalty, relevance, familiarity, uniqueness and popularity for its brands using the appropriate statistical analysis. 3. Analyze a fast food brand to determine relationships between loyalty and the respondent profiles (e.g., age, region, income). 4. Ariel created binary variables for familiarity, uniqueness, relevance, loyalty and popularity by splitting responses into “high" and "low." Why would they choose to do (or not do) this? In other words, what information is gained and what information is losť? 5. Do you agree with Ariel's measure of brand equity?

Ariel Research, una empresa de investigación de mercado, acababa de recopilar un gran conjunto de datos de una muestra aleatoria de consumidores canadienses. Este conjunto de datos contenía 125.000 entradas sobre diferentes marcas de productos. Las marcas se agruparon en 41 categorías separadas. Se recopiló información de producto relacionada con todo el concepto de valor de marca. El grupo Ariel sabía todo sobre el valor de la marca y lo importante que era para cualquier empresa. También sabían que a menudo era un concepto difícil de medir debido a su naturaleza intangible y compleja. Ariel Research había intentado cuantificar el valor de la marca, es decir, convertir un concepto intangible en medidas tangibles que luego ayudarían a tomar importantes decisiones de marketing. Ahora la empresa quería acceder a si había tenido éxito o no en esta tarea.  

¿Qué es el valor de marca? El valor de marca se identifica comúnmente como el valor agregado a una marca debido a su nombre. Los altos niveles de valor de marca ayudan a las empresas a mantener su ventaja competitiva. El conocimiento del valor de la marca también es valioso como activo estratégico, ya que ayuda a los gerentes a saber si pueden cobrar una prima por una marca y cuánto pueden aprovechar este valor en la venta de otros productos. Por ejemplo, Coca-Cola tiene un enorme valor de marca, tanto como empresa como a nivel de producto. El alto valor de marca de los productos de Coca Cola en todo el mundo garantiza un cierto nivel de ventas solo en virtud del nombre Coca Cola. Por lo general, el valor de marca se puede dividir en dos áreas: valor de marca financiero y valor de marca de marketing. El valor de la marca financiera se puede describir como "el valor asignado a una marca en el balance, que representa el valor que se cree que reside en el nombre de la marca". La equidad de marketing, que es el área de la equidad de marca explorada en el conjunto de datos de Ariel, puede describirse como "el valor agregado a una marca debido a su nombre respaldado por la lealtad del consumidor, la voluntad de comprar a un precio superior, la resistencia al marketing competitivo esfuerzos, etc. " Continuando con el ejemplo de Coca-Cola, se esperaría que los clientes estuvieran dispuestos a pagar un poco más por esta bebida de lo que pagarían por otra marca de cola con menor valor de marca. De manera similar, podría esperar que un cliente que valora a Coca-Cola compre una camiseta con el logotipo de Coca-Cola sobre una camiseta lisa sin logotipo. El valor de marca es bastante complejo en el sentido de que muchos aspectos pueden alimentar el valor de la marca, como que la marca sea relevante para el estilo de vida del cliente y que la marca tenga el tipo de personalidad que el cliente ama. Una empresa crea equidad en una marca a través de la combinación adecuada de publicidad de la marca, promoción de la marca en una variedad de formas, posicionando la marca en los canales adecuados y administrando consistentemente la identidad de la marca a lo largo del tiempo para mantener una relación con el cliente. Esta creación de valor de marca es un proceso complejo y creativo que a menudo implica tratar una marca como si tuviera una cierta personalidad y relacionarla con la personalidad del cliente que probablemente comprará el producto. Pero, ¿cómo se puede medir el valor de la marca?

El modelo de valor de marca de Ariel El grupo sabía que una cosa era comprender qué es el valor de marca y otra muy distinta medirlo. Ariel creó una medida multidimensional de valor de marca con cinco variables principales: familiaridad del producto, singularidad percibida del producto, popularidad del producto, relevancia del producto para el estilo de vida y lealtad del cliente al producto.

Base de datos de valor de marca de Ariel La base de datos de Ariel se recopiló a través de una encuesta de panel de correo. Las respuestas fueron enviadas por 5,000 encuestados que completaron información demográfica personal, así como varias secciones de categorías dentro del cuestionario. Cada sección de categoría constaba de preguntas relacionadas con un pequeño número de marcas (generalmente de cuatro a seis) que se consideraban líderes de categoría. Estas marcas líderes fueron elegidas porque, en conjunto, ocupaban la mayor parte de la cuota de mercado de la categoría. Luego, la base de datos de los encuestados se reorientó para que contuviera 125.000 registros, y cada registro contenía calificaciones para una marca específica, junto con información de los encuestados. Esta base de datos orientada a la marca estaba destinada a modelar las actitudes de los clientes hacia las marcas en todas las categorías, con el fin de sacar conclusiones generales sobre cómo estas actitudes se relacionan con el comportamiento de la marca y la lealtad a la marca. Ariel creía que estos conceptos clave tenían una gran influencia en el valor de la marca.  El conjunto de datos Las siguientes variables demográficas se incluyen en el conjunto de datos. Descripción de las variables demográficas                             Región

 1 = Marítimos ; 2 = Quebec; 3 = Ontario; 4 = Oeste                                                        

Género

 1 = Mujer ; 2 = Hombre                                          

Edad 

en años                                                       

Niños 

Niños en casa (1 = Sí; 2 = No)                                         

Ingresos  1 =