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Advanced 1

English Discoveries

WORKBOOK

English Discoveries

WORKBOOK

Advanced 1

COPYRIGHT NOTICE All rights are reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced, photocopied, transmitted or translated in any form or by any means without permission in writing from Edusoft, Ltd.

Dear Student, Welcome to the English Discoveries Student Workbook for Advanced 1. Using this workbook will help you practice your English. Each unit of the workbook corresponds directly to a unit in the English Discoveries Advanced 1 course. After completing a unit within the course, you should complete the corresponding activities in the workbook. The units in this workbook integrate all four language skills: Listening, Reading, Speaking, and Writing. The workbook units also provide a wide range of grammar and vocabulary activities. If you want to refer to the computer lesson texts while you are away from your computer, you can find them in the workbook Appendix. Special emphasis has been given throughout the workbook to speaking and writing activities. You will see that you have many opportunities to express yourself in both spoken and written English. We hope you enjoy using this program, The English Discoveries Team

CONTENTS Unit 1 Cultural Differences

7

Unit 2 Life In The City

19

Unit 3 Dangerous Sports

31

Unit 4 Complaints .................................

43

Unit 5 Business Strategies

55

Unit 6 Communication

67

Unit 7 Medical Issues

79

Unit 8 How Smart Are You?

89

Appendix Lesson Texts

99

Advanced 1 Unit 1

Unit 1

Cultural Differences Australia a. Do you remember the video about the Aborigine creation story? Read the sentences below and mark if they are ( ) true or ( ) false.

1. The outback is in Southern AustraIia.

/

2. The outback makes up more than haIf of AustraIia.

/

3. The outback is a siIent and untouched area.

/

4. The Aborigine creation myth is compIicated.

/

5. A god created the Ancestors from cIay.

/

6. The “SongIines” are traiIs of footprints and songs that were made during creation.

/

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b. What do the following underlined pronouns refer to? 1. It seems to lie ___________________________________________________________ 2. In the silence of its first creation _____________________________________________ 3. But I’ll try to simplify it _____________________________________________________ 4. Which they call “Dreamtime”________________________________________________ 5. The “Ancestors” created themselves from clay __________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 6. They walked about _______________________________________________________

c. Find a phrase in the text that means: 1. The countryside is not deveIoped. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. The outback is the same as it was miIIions of years ago. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. The creation myth needs to be made easier to understand. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Paths were created by the Ancestors. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. These paths have a Iot of meaning for the Aborigines. ______________________________________________________________________

d. The video voice-over stated: “In the beginning, which they call ‘Dreamtime’, the ‘Ancestors’ created themselves from clay.” The text uses a non-defining relative clause to give additional information about the beginning of the world. Join the following sentences together using relative clauses and the relative pronoun in brackets. 1. Jupiter decided to fIood the Earth. He was angered at the eviI ways of humanity. (who) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. The Iand between the great rivers of lraq is a rich site for archeoIogists. Many creation myths of devastating fIoods come from this area. (where) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 1

3. Creation myths aII share some common beIiefs. These stories cannot be proven to have actuaIIy happened. (which) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4. A famous director has been hired to direct the new movie about the creation of the worId. His Iast movie was “The Parting of the Red Sea.” (whose) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

e. Read the following text about a Native American Indian creation myth. Then read the extra information below. Add this information to the text in the spaces provided, using relative clauses and relative pronouns.

A Great

_____________,

__________________

e Earth, (2) ______ vastated everything. Th

de

________,

__________________

________________ FIood, (1) __________

____, __________________ __ __ __ (3) rs, ve Iie be ter. Next the was stiII covered in wa _______ __________________ __ __ __ (4) , ds bir e Th a crow. describe an eagIe and _____________ ce. This pIace, (5) __ pIa y dr a r fo ing ok Io d fIew around and aroun Iy pIace they couId _______, was the on __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __________________ ____ , __________________ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __________ Iand. This oId tree, (6) . of new Iife in the worId became the birth pIace

1. The FIood happened a Iong time ago. 2. There was no Iife on Earth. 3. The lndians stiII teII this story to their chiIdren. 4. The birds were the onIy Iife on Earth. 5. A tree stump emerged from the water. 6. The surface was big enough for the two birds to survive.

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Advanced 1 Unit 1

Culture Crash a. Order the events in the story. ___ a. Everyone noticed him because his behavior was so different and he moved at a very quick pace.



___ b. Thirty years ago, Brad Perkins arrived in a town in the South from New York. ___ c. Later, Dr. FrankIin tried to expIain that Brad was not reaIIy being rude and that the townspeopIe had overreacted and were being too sensitive. ___ d. ShortIy after the dinner, everyone in town knew what had happened and Brad aImost had to pack his things and Ieave. ___ e. After a short time in town, Dr. FrankIin invited him for dinner. ___ f. ln addition to Brad, Dr FrankIin invited some friends in order to give him a friendIy IocaI weIcome.



___ g. The peopIe at the dinner tabIe reacted very strongIy to Brad’s Iack of courtesy and toId everyone in town about his impoIite behavior. ___ h. The peopIe began to understand that peopIe from the North do not mean to be impoIite. ___ i. Brad didn’t understand the Southern way of Iife and made a bad mistake by refusing a second heIping.

b. The story tells about the clash between two cultures - the North and the South of the U.S.A. 1. ln what way do the cuItures differ? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. The writer states that manners, vaIues, and ruIes of courtesy can be very different. Write an exampIe of one way in which your cuIture differs from another cuIture. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why do you think the name of the story is “CuIture Crash”? ________________________________________________________________________

10

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c. Who do the following statements refer to, Brad Perkins, or Dr. Franklin? Brad Perkins

Dr. Franklin

1. Everyone noticed when he came into town. 2. He never reaIized he was offending anyone. 3. He is quite reserved. 4. The meaI caused a probIem for him. 5. He refused a second heIping of food. 6. He was more direct than the other peopIe in town.

d. Match the sentence in column B to the sentence in column A with a similar meaning.

A

B

1. He came into town Iike an ambuIance on its way to a car crash.

a. Many peopIe were upset by his behavior.

2. Down here, it’s considered rude.

b. Soon everyone heard from friends and neighbors what had taken pIace at Dr. FrankIin’s house.

3. Everyone took offense.

c. PeopIe noticed Brad as soon as he arrived.

4. What happened at the dinner party was broadcast aII over town.

d. Dr. FrankIin and his IocaI guests were too sensitive and overreacted to Brad’s manners and behavior.

5. They went overboard in their reaction.

e. ln the South, such behavior is not thought to be poIite.

6. “Do you know where the groceries are?.”

f. “You might have forgotten them in the store.”

1.

2.

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3.

4.

5.

6.

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Advanced 1 Unit 1

e. Brad decided to write a thank-you note to Dr. Franklin. Mark the expressions he could have used in his note.

I’d like the recipe for the delicious cheesecake. 2. I was very tired after the dinner. 3. I am sure our friendship will grow after such an evening. 4. I am writing to thank you for your hospitality last night. 5. I enjoyed both the food and the company. 6. I would have preferred going to a restaurant for dinner. 7. I’d like to invite you and your wife over to our place soon. 8. I particularly enjoyed the chicken. 9. Your other guests were quite boring. 10. I wish to say thank you for an enjoyable evening. 11. Please give my compliments to the cook. 1.

f. Now write a thank-you note to someone who entertained you at his/her home. Use suitable expressions from activity e. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 1

So Bored! a. Complete these dialogues by using too and either to express agreement. The first has been done for you.

took a third heIping! 1. l____________________________________________________________________ I____________________________________________________________________ did, too! 2. My friend took a cruise to the Canary lsIands Iast year. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. The peopIe in the cabin next to us are so noisy and rude. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. l hate aII that drinking in the bar. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. l Iove these cruises. ____________________________________________________________________ b. Read the following expressions and decide if they express strong agreement or neutral agreement.

Expressions

Strong agreement

NeutraI agreement

1. "AbsoIuteIy, l couIdn't agree more!" 2. "l know what you mean..." 3. "l compIeteIy agree with you." 4. "l think you're right.” 5. "l'm in totaI agreement.”

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c. Now follow the prompts below to complete this conversation. Use each expression from activity b. only once. Dr. Franklin: l beIieve we may have been too strong in our criticism of Brad’s behavior. Mr. Smith: (agree strongly)

________________________________________________

Mrs. Smith: (agree neutrally)

________________________________________________

Mrs. Franklin:

Perhaps we should invite him to our house again.

Dr. Franklin: (agree strongly)

________________________________________________

Mr. Smith:

Don’t you think Brad might be feeling lonely?

Mrs. Smith: (agree neutrally)

________________________________________________

Dr. Franklin:

So since it is decided, we’ll ask him to dinner again.

Mrs. Franklin: (agree strongly) ________________________________________________

Additional Reading Global Reading 1. Look at the titIe. Who do you think the articIe might be describing? __________________ Why do you think there is a question mark? ____________________________________ 2. Read the first sentence. Who is the articIe about? _______________________________ What is the purpose of the first sentence? _____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Read the first paragraph. What is the writer’s opinion about stereotypes of Americans? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Read the first sentence of the second paragraph. ln what way do you think Americans are more informaI? _______________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 1

5. Read the first sentence of the third paragraph. Do you think this paragraph wiII support or contrast with the second paragraph? _________________________________________ 6. Read the Iast paragraph. What is the writer’s purpose? ______________________________________________________________________

Close Reading 1. Read the first paragraph again. The marker for example in Iines 2-3 signaIs that the writer wiII give an exampIe of the main idea. What is the main idea? ______________________ What is the exampIe that the writer gives to support the main idea? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. The marker but in Iine 5 signaIs that the writer wiII present a contrasting idea. What does the writer contrast? ______________________________________________________ 3. The marker likewise in Iine 7 signaIs that the writer wiII compare two simiIar ideas. What two simiIar exampIes does the writer give? ____________________________________ 4. The heIping verb do is sometimes used in positive statements to make a strong point. What point does the writer want to emphasize in Iine 9? _________________________ 5. The marker nevertheless in Iine 11 signaIs that the writer wiII contrast the previous state ment. What two things does the writer contrast? ________________________________ 6. If sentences may be used to give advice. What advice does the writer give in Iine 11? ______________________________________________________________________ 7. PhrasaI verbs are sometimes confusing. What does the writer mean by to dress up and to dress down (Iine 16)? Which verb means to dress formaIIy?________________________ Which verb means to dress Iess formaIIy?______________________________________

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15

Advanced 1 Unit 1

Loud and Ignorant? 1

5

10

15

20

Don’t beIieve aII of the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans. Even the ones that are true in generaI may not be true about specific individuaIs or a Iarge segment of the popuIation. For exampIe, aIthough Americans tend to be Iouder and more boisterous than peopIe from other cuItures (especiaIIy at athIetic events), many of the peopIe you meet wiII be quiet and poIite. Some peopIe may be intoIerant and xenophobic, but most wiII be pIeasant and weIcoming. Remember that American fiIms and teIevision exaggerate in order to generate excitement, and so present a rather distorted picture of what Iife in the United States is reaIIy Iike. Likewise, tourists are not aIways on their best behavior. Americans do tend to be more informaI than peopIe from other countries. lt is common for Americans to wear casuaI cIothing to schooI and to greet professors by their first name. NevertheIess, good manners and poIiteness are aIways appropriate. lf you are courteous and poIite, and dress a IittIe more formaIIy than your American friends, it wiII onIy refIect weII on you. However, there are situations and environments in which formaIity is the norm. Some businesses require their empIoyees to wear a uniform or a suit. lt wouId be inappropriate to wear a T-shirt and bIue jeans to a job interview. Some of the more prestigious restaurants require a jacket and tie. Americans tend to dress up for cuIturaI events (the opera, theater, and baIIet) and to dress down for athIetic events. FormaI wear is required at weddings and funeraIs, or any other event with reIigious overtones. Rid yourseIf of any preconceived notions of American behavior before you arrive. lf you reIy on the stereotypes, you wiII IikeIy put yourseIf into an awkward and embarrassing situation and offend your American acquaintances. www.edupass.org

Comprehension Questions 1.  What is the writer’s advice? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2.  According to the writer, what kind of infIuence does HoIIywood have on how nonAmericans see Iife in America? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3.  ln what sociaI situations do Americans dress down? ________________________________________________________________________ 4.  How many of the stereotypes on the next page do some peopIe have about... a. Americans?

16

b. Your cuIture?

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Advanced 1 Unit 1

Stereotypes

About Americans

About your culture

• BoastfuI and arrogant • DisrespectfuI of authority • Extravagant and wastefuI • Generous • lgnorant of other countries and cuItures • lnformaI • lnsensitive • Lazy • Loud and obnoxious • Rich and weaIthy • Rude and immature • Snobbish • Stingy • Think they know everything • Think every country shouId imitate the U.S. • Uninformed about poIitics

Clauses of Result: Review a. Match each of the conditions on the right with an appropriate promise on the left and rewrite them using as long as.

Promises

Conditions

1. l’II invite you to my house...

a. ....you share her vaIues.

2. Passengers wiII be abIe to Ieave the cruise ship...

b. ...peopIe want to hear them.

3. Creation stories wiII continue to be toId...

c. ...you agree to eat a second heIping of my pie.

4. She’II weIcome you to her home...

d. ...you promise not to drag me on a cruise again.

5. l’II go on hoIiday with you...

e. ...they take their passports and tickets with them.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. _______________________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 1

b. Complete the following sentences using either, so, or since. 1. The doctor invited Brad to his house _______ he couId make him feeI weIcome in town. 2. l bought the tickets _______ you were busy at work. 3. EngIish speakers are taught how to use poIiticaIIy correct Ianguage _______ they can be more poIite. 4. The piIot boat accompanies the cruise ship __________ that it can get into port safeIy. 5. The Aborigine chiId toId me about her creation story ________ l was very interested to Iearn about their beIiefs. c. Look at the pictures below. Match the pictures to the questions below. There is one more picture than you need. a.

b.

d.

c.

1. “Now that we’ve seen the outback, what do we do next?” __________ 2. “Now that you have finished your first cruise, do you want to go on another one next year?” __________ 3. “Now that l can hoId a tennis racquet the right way, can l pIay in WimbIedon?” _________ Look at the fourth picture. Write your own question for the picture. Now that l have compIeted__________________________________________________? d. Think of something you know how to do well. Write a dialogue between you and a friend who wants to learn something from you. Try to use the expression: “You do this, so as...” and finish with “Now that you can…” Your friend:

How do you ____________________________________________________________?

You:

_____________________________________________________________

Your friend:

_____________________________________________________________

You:

_____________________________________________________________

Your friend:

_____________________________________________________________

You:

_____________________________________________________________

e. Practice the dialogue with a partner.

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

Unit 2

Life In The City A Mystery a. Do you remember the video? Answer the following questions about it.

1. What is the mystery? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. At first, the wife is afraid that what might have happened? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What does the wife see that makes her change her mind? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. What does the wife conclude at the end of the video? ______________________________________________________________________ 5. What will the wife do next? ______________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

b. Match the sentence or expression in column B to the sentence or expression in column A that has a similar meaning.

A

B

1. What’s going on?

a. People are saying...

2. He’s nowhere to be found.

b. It may not be my fault.

3. of course

c. I can’t find him anywhere.

4. There’s a rumor going around

d. another idea of what happened

5. broken in

e. certainly; obviously

6. different version of events

f. entered without permission

7. I may be innocent.

g. What’s happening?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

“Buster, here boy.” • ”What’s going on?” • ”Honey, don’t get mad.” “Disappearance? What do you mean?” • “I took him for a walk.” “Did you look for him?” • “I looked all over the house.” • “I’m really worried!” “Let’s call the police!” • “Wait, before you start calling the police...”

c. The quotes below are taken from the dialogue between the husband and wife. Write the quotation under the person who said it.

Husband

20

Wife

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

d. Read the statements below and mark if they are true or false.

Statement

True

False

1. The husband is afraid to tell his wife what happened. 2. The wife starts searching the house for Buster. 3. The husband lost Buster while he was taking him for a walk. 4. Buster is a pedigree dog. 5. The husband suggests they call the police. 6. The wife thinks the husband is guilty. 7. The husband volunteers to go to the neighbors.

e. Imagine what might happen next in the video. Write the script for the next scene between the wife and her neighbor. Wife:

_______________________________________________________________

Neighbor: _______________________________________________________________ Wife:

_______________________________________________________________

Neighbor: _______________________________________________________________ Wife:

_______________________________________________________________

Neighbor: _______________________________________________________________ Wife:

_______________________________________________________________

Neighbor: _______________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

Adams Murder Mystery Update a. Do you remember the text from the computer lesson? Match the facts in column B to the appropriate people in column A.

People

Facts

1. Barbara Adams

a. successfuI writer

2. Bettina Adams

b. Mr. Adams’ first wife

3. Bonnie Adams

c. Mr. Adams’ second wife

4. Gregory Adams.

d. She has disappeared.

5. Mira HoImes

e. a former neighbor and fiIm-maker

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

b. Number these events from the story in the correct chronological order. ___ a. The poIice arrested Gregory Adams and charged him with murder. ___ b. Gregory Adams married Bonnie, his first wife. ___ c. Bettina Adams disappeared. ___ d. The murder triaI begins tomorrow. ___ e. Barbara disappeared on the 5th of January. ___ f.

Bonnie disappeared.

___ g. Gregory Adams married Bettina, his second wife. ___ h. Gregory Adams married for the third time. ___ i.

22

Gregory hasn’t spoken to the newspapers or the TV about his triaI.

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

c. Complete the dialogue with the words and phrases below. There are more choices than you need. cIaim • courtroom • innocent • no previous criminaI record • on triaI • the truth Lawyer 1: Which (1) ______________________________ are you working in tomorrow? Lawyer 2: l’II be appearing before Judge Sparrow. Do you know who is (2) ___________? Lawyer 1: Don’t teII me! Are you representing that famous murder mystery writer? Lawyer 2: That’s right, and aIthough he has attended triaIs many times to do research

for his books, this wiII be the first time he himseIf appears before a judge. He



has (3)_________________________________________________________.

Lawyer 1: But the poIice (4) _________________________ that he murdered his wife and the fiIm-maker thinks he has murdered twice before. Lawyer 2: He beIieves he is (5) ______________________________________________.

d. If we have a certain time in the future in mind and we want to say what will happen before that date, we use the Future Perfect (will have done) with by to express the idea. Look through the notes of one of the 12 people who will be on the jury for Mr. Adams’ trial. They will decide if he is guilty or innocent. Write down what will have happened at each of the future dates below. Learn about what to do SEPTEMBER

Listen to evidence from the poIice

OCTOBER

Listen to evidence from Mr. Adams

NOVEMBER

Listen to questions from the judge

DECEMBER

Decide if Mr. Adams is innocent or guiIty and give a verdict

JANUARY

Go home and back to reguIar work

1. By September, __________________________________________________________. 2. By October, ____________________________________________________________. 3. By the beginning of November, _____________________________________________. 4. By the end of the year, ____________________________________________________. 5. By January next year, _____________________________________________________.

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

e. Adjectives are used to describe nouns, whereas adverbs are used to describe verbs or other adjectives. Do you remember how Barbara Adams disappeared? She disappeared mysteriously. Choose either an adverb or an adjective from the words in italics. 1. Most of the readers of Gregory Adams’ books natural/naturally expect him to be found innocent. 2. Mr. Adams’ attitude toward the journaIists has been very quiet/quietly. 3. When given the Murder Mysteries Book Prize of the Year, Mr. Adams famous/ famously said that he based his stories on reaI Iife. 4. Mr. Adams’ two former/formerly wives aIso disappeared. 5. Mr. Adams has never previous/previously been arrested by the poIice. 6. Barbara’s parents are stiII hopeful/hopefully that she wiII reappear. 7. The idea that Mr. Adams murdered his wife is wide/widely beIieved. 8. Do the poIice have any conclusive/conclusively evidence? 9. Mr. Adams answered the poIice’s questions confident/confidently. 10. Mr. Adams is on triaI local/locally.

Additional Reading Global Reading 1. Read the titIe of the additional reading text. What do you know about America’s court systems? Do you think that aII of America has the same court systems? ________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Read the two coIumns - State Courts and Federal Courts. What does the number 50 refer to? ____________________________________________ What does 95% refer to? _____________________________________________________ What does 5% refer to?______________________________________________________ What does $75,000 refer to?__________________________________________________ 3. How many points are there about State Courts?___________________________________ How many points are there about FederaI Courts?_________________________________ 4. Read the paragraph after the heading “Types of Courts.” Find the difference between TriaI Courts and AppeIIate Courts. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. How many points are there about TriaI Courts? ___________________________________ How many points are there about AppeIIate Courts? _______________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

Close Reading 1. The expression handle cases is repeated both under the topic of State Courts and FederaI Courts. What is the difference between the number of cases handIed in State Courts and FederaI Courts? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. The word but on Iine 16 (State Courts) signaIs a contrast. How is lowa different from other American states? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. The marker from... to on Iine 25 signaIs the extent of something. What is the extent of the cases that TriaI Courts handIe? ________________________________________________ 4. The word or on Iine 34 signaIs aIternatives. What are the aIternatives in TriaI Courts? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. ln the coIumn headed “AppeIIate Courts,” the writer uses parentheses ( ) on Iines 35-37 to signaI an expIanation. What expIanation does the writer give of an appeIIate court? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What expIanation does the writer give of the number of judges? ______________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

America’s Court Systems Many peopIe are surprised to learn that there isn’t a single “court system” in the United States. Every state has its own court system to handIe cases that involve disputes or crimes that occur within the state. The federal government also has a court system to handle cases that involve disputes or issues governed by federal laws or the U.S. Constitution. 5

10

15

State Courts Every state has its own judiciaI branch, so there are 50 state court systems (pIus the District of CoIumbia and Puerto Rico). • HandIe 95% of court cases in the United States. • HandIe cases invoIving disputes that arise under state Iaws. • Every state court system is unique in some way. States differ wideIy in how they organize their courts. • Some states have as many as 50 different types of courts, but lowa onIy has 3 courts: Supreme Court, Court of AppeaIs, and District Court.

Federal Courts There is a federaI court system that handIes cIaims under federaI jurisdiction. • HandIe about 5% of court cases in the United States. • HandIe cases invoIving a vioIation of the U.S. Constitution, federaI Iaws, or disputes over contracts or personaI injuries invoIving citizens from different states and damages worth more than $75,000. • lncIudes U.S. district courts, Court of lnternationaI Trade, CIaims Court, Circuit Courts of AppeaI, Court of AppeaIs for the FederaI Circuit, and the U.S. Supreme Court.

Types of Courts 20

25

30

35

40

Federal and state systems each have two different types of courts: trial courts and appellate courts. The general difference is this: trial courts hear original cases, while appellate courts hear only appeals. Trial Courts

Appellate Courts

• ln lowa, the trial court is called the District Court. Judges and magistrates on this level handIe a wide variety of cases, from murder to traffic violations to civiI cases. • Almost all cases start in a trial court. This is where the case is filed and evidence is gathered. • As the name suggests, trial courts are where the triaI is heId before a judge or jury. • ln trial courts, both sides offer witnesses and evidence to support their side and the judge or jury makes decisions based on that evidence. • About 90% of civil and criminal cases never go to a trial. The parties involved in a civil or domestic case usually settle the dispute before trial, and many criminal defendants enter a guilty plea before trial.

Most states (including lowa) and the federal courts have two levels of appellate courts: • An intermediate court of appeals, which handles all or most of the appeals coming from the trial courts in the state or federal court system. (ln lowa, this is caIIed the Court of Appeals.) • A Supreme Court, which is the final court of appeal. ln lowa, all appeals go first to the Supreme Court, which chooses to hear the appeal or transfers it to the Court of Appeals. • Appellate courts are where a party involved in a civil case (or a defendant in a criminal case) goes if they do not agree with the decision of the judge or jury in the trial court. • An appellate court (or court of appeals) usually includes a panel of 3 or 5 judges - or more. (The U.S. Supreme Court and a few state Supreme Courts have 9 justices.) • ln a court of appeals, there is no presentation of witnesses or physical evidence, which is done only in the trial court. The final judgment on an appeal is determined by a majority of the panel of appellate courts.

www.judiciaI.state.ia.us/students/overview

26

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

Comprehension Questions 1. What are some differences between State Courts and FederaI Courts? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Give an exampIe of how State Courts can differ wideIy. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the minimum damages (the compensation one party can receive from another party) that aIIow a case to be handIed in the FederaI Courts? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the difference between TriaI Courts and AppeIIate Courts? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. About how many civiI and criminaI cases actuaIIy go to triaI? ________________________________________________________________________

6. How many judges sit on the U.S. Supreme Court? ________________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

How Awful! a. Do you remember the dialogue, from the computer lesson? Write a similar dialogue between the man and his wife. Wife:

_________________________________________________________________

Man:

_________________________________________________________________

Wife:

_________________________________________________________________

Man:

_________________________________________________________________

Wife:

_________________________________________________________________

Man:

_________________________________________________________________

b. Match the appropriate sentences in column B to the sentences in column A.

A

B

1. lt couId have been more difficuIt to find the car keys.

a. l couId have written murder mysteries.

2. lt couId have been easier to do weII.

b. He couId have taken a taxi.

3. l couId have been more famous than l am now as a detective.

c. lt couId have been dark.

4. The verdict couId have been worse.

d. We couId have been given more time for the test.

5. The Iecture couId have been more interesting.

e. l couId have been charged with murder.

6. He couId have been here quicker.

f. He couId have shown us some pictures.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

c. Rising crime in your city is preventable; write to the Police Chief with four or five ideas of how to prevent crime. Use any stories or anecdotes you know that can support your ideas.

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Advanced 1 Unit 2

More Future: Future Perfect a. Read this target list made up by a local mayor in her efforts to fight crime in her city. Then write a suitable speech that she can give to the police officers at their meeting tomorrow Be prepared to give the speech in front of the class. Begin by saying: By this time next year, we will have reduced... CRlMES

MURDER

KlDNAPPlNG CAR THEFT

HOUSE BURGLARY

VANDALlSM

now

2/day

1/month

20/day

9/day

6/day

one year from now

2/week

1/year

5/day

9/week

6/week

PERlOD

Here are some useful words and expressions that you can use in your speech:

lf l may have your attention...

to to cutcut

to decrease considerabIy

substantiaIIy

l’m sure l have aII your support in saying...

Thank you for coming here today...

that we must fight crime in our city...

to reduce

significantIy

impressiveIy

You can see from this tabIe that...

PIease Iook at this tabIe...

Now, do you have any questions you wouId Iike to ask me?

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b. What will I have achieved 20 years from now? Read my “predictions” and mark the sentences that could also be true for you.

1. l’II have stopped working. 2. l’II have retired. 3. l’II have pIayed with my grandchiIdren. 4. l’II have traveIed to many pIaces. 5. l will not have Iearned any more foreign Ianguages. 6. l’II have met many new peopIe. 7. l’II have been to many weddings. 8. l’II have read aII the Harry Potter books. 9. l’II have moved a few times. 10. l’II have given students a Iot of homework.

c. Write three more future achievements which you think you will have probably achieved. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________

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Unit 3

Dangerous Sports Interview with a Climber a. Do you remember the TV interview with Martha Moore in the computer lesson? Complete each of the following sentences about the interview.

1. Martha is being interviewed about ___________________________________________ 2. The interviewer asks Martha to explain why she ________________________________ 3. When Martha is rock climbing she doesn’t let herself _____________________________ 4. Martha views each new climb as ____________________________________________ 5. What Martha loves about rock climbing is _____________________________________ 6. Martha is going to give the interviewer _______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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b. What can we learn about Martha Moore from the video? Mark true or false. True

False

1. She is a daring person who likes to take risks. 2. She has never risked her life. 3. She started in a local climbing gym. 4. She is never afraid when she climbs. 5. She has only climbed in the U.S. 6. She tried to rock climb outside for the first time last week.

c. Match the sentence or expression in column B to the sentence or expression in column A that has a similar meaning.

A 1. risked your life

a. requires a lot of courage

2. I was hooked!

b. I won’t be any more prepared later.

3. takes a lot of nerve

c. go further than you ever have

4. have second thoughts

d. get past difficulties.

5. overcome challenges

e. put your life in danger

6. push the limits

f. think you might change your mind

7. Ready as I’ll ever be!

g. I wanted to keep doing it.

1.

32

B

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

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d. Martha was invited to another interview at her old high school. Read the answers she gave and write the reporter’s questions. Reporter:

(1) ________________________________________________________?

Martha Moore: WeII, yes, l am weII-known for my rock climbing. Reporter:

(2) ________________________________________________________?

Martha Moore: Yes, l did take risks when l was here. l was not a quiet, weII-behaved pupiI.

Once l did an experiment in the chemistry Iaboratory, but l’d better not teII you about that.

Reporter:

(3) ________________________________________________________?

Martha Moore: l have tried hang gIiding; you know, when you use a gIider to fIy without an engine. l’ve done some mountain cIimbing in the HimaIayas and l’ve jumped off some taII buiIdings with a parachute; l was arrested for that! l’ve even dived with great white sharks. Reporter:



(4) ________________________________________________________?

Martha Moore: That’s a difficuIt question to answer. How can you define what a thriII is? Perhaps you couId say it is a rush of bIood to the head, or a great sense of enjoyment. Reporter:

(5) ________________________________________________________?

Martha Moore: lf l am a roIe modeI, l’d Iike to be thought of as a person who is daring and not afraid of taking risks, but at the same time l aIways take precautions. l’m reaIIy very cautious about everything l do.

e. Practice the interview with a partner in class.

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Just in Time a. Do you remember the story from the computer lesson? Mark if the following statements are true or false. True False 1. OnIy Nick has a piIot’s Iicense. 2. The doctors have experience parachuting. 3. The doctors speciaIize in parachuting to pIaces that can’t be reached any other way. 4. The boys knew the doctors were on the way to heIp. 5. AII three boys were reported to be badIy hurt. 6. Hank saw the teenagers first. 7. Nick circIed whiIe the other doctors jumped. 8. OnIy Eddie was taken to hospitaI. 9. Now the boys warn other teenagers not to go on fooIish adventures. b. In the story, there are several words that share similar forms: they can be both nouns or verbs. Choose from the words in the box in order to complete the sentences below. You may have to change the form of the nouns or verbs. There are more choices then you need. aid • base • caII • circIe • cIimb • contact • dare • edge • end • faII • find • jump land • Iicense • map • need • panic • parachute • point • reach • rock • search size • study • take off • trip • turn

1. Don’t _________________________! HeIp is coming. 2. The first parachute _________________________ is aIways the most frightening. 3. The _________________________ for the missing cIimbers is stiII going on. 4. One of the doctors waIked to the _________________________ of the Ianding site. 5. The E.M.P. doctors must be abIe _____________ the medicaI _______________ of injured peopIe very quickIy. 6. The injured peopIe drew a huge ________________ in the sand to show the doctors

34



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Advanced 1 Unit 3

where___________________ when they _________________________. 7. l ___________________ you to teII Nick that we are Ieaving him in the pIane because he is a very bad parachutist! 8. He _______________________ over the stone and hurt his toe. 9. There were no trees so the injured waIker took sheIter under a big ________________ and waited for medicaI _______________________ to arrive. 10. From my _______________________ of view, a heIicopter is more usefuI than a pIane.

Additional Reading Global Reading 1. Read the titIe of the additional reading text. What do you think the articIe is about? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Read the first two sentences. Who is the speaker? _________________________________ What is the writer’s purpose in beginning the text with a quotation?____________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Read the first paragraph. What is the writer’s opinion of the unusuaI birthday event? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Read the Iast paragraph. How does it support the answer to question 3 above? ________________________________________________________________________ How does the writer try to end the story on an interesting point? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Read the first sentence of the second paragraph. Why does Mr. Smith pause? ________________________________________________________________________ Do you think he wiII discuss his adventure with the writer? ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Read the first sentence of the third paragraph. What happened after Mr. Smith had made a statement?______________________________________________________________ What information do you think this paragraph wiII add to that aIready given in paragraphs one and two? _____________________________________________________________

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Close Reading 1. The writer uses the Past Progressive in Iine 1 to begin a description of the background activity. What is the background to the story? ___________________________________________ 2. The semi-coIon in Iine 4 is used to add information. Which pieces of information does it add? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. The writer refers to the age of the oId man. Which word is not used in the pIuraI though you might expect it to be? ___________________________________________________ (Note: We can also say “a four-door car”, “a three-bedroom house”, etc.) 4. At the end of paragraph 1, the writer uses the Past Perfect tense. Why? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. The word perhaps in Iine 9 is used to indicate to the reader that the writer is onIy guessing. What is the writer guessing about?_____________________________________________ 6. The word Finally in Iine 10 indicates the end of something. What does the writer say has ended?_______________________________________________________________ 7. The word after in Iine 15 is used to indicate the sequence of events. What is the sequence of events up tiII now? _________________________________________________________ 8. The word as can be used to compare two things or to describe a person’s job or status. How is it used in Iine 17?_____________________________________________________ 9. The expression on another occasion in Iine 22 is used to introduce a new exampIe. What does the writer give another exampIe of?________________________________________ 10. To whom does he in Iine 23 refer? ____________________________________________ 11. The expression was supposed to be in Iine 26 indicates some surprise. Why is the



writer surprised? __________________________________________________________ 12. What was the Iast question the writer asked Mr. Smith? ________________________________________________________________________

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5

10

15

20

25

30

“Well, actually, it was my eldest granddaughter, Lucy’s idea. She was visiting one day at my old age home and she was talking about her latest extreme sport, sky diving. Then we got around to talking about what to do for my 90th birthday and the two ideas just got mixed up,” Mr. Smith explained to me as we drank tea in the gardens of his old age home in southern England. The summer weather was warm; the sun was out and Mr. Smith’s fellow pensioners were enjoying the gardens, some walking, others being pushed in their wheelchairs. It was hard to imagine that this frail 90-year-old man had fallen through the sky above only a few days ago. Of course he had jumped with a professional skydiver and they had shared one parachute, but still it was quite an achievement. I had to ask Mr. Smith what it had felt like. He paused as if he was having some second thoughts about discussing his great adventure with me; perhaps some of his fellow pensioners had simply not believed he had jumped from a plane. Finally he answered, “It’s hard to compare sky diving to anything else, but I can say that now I understand what people mean when they say they jump for the thrill. As I fell, I felt that the ground was rushing to meet me and not that it was me who was falling towards it. The best comparison I can make is to say that I enjoyed it as much as I enjoyed the birth of my first child.” After this statement, he offered me some cake and we began to talk about his family. I wanted to know if there was a history of risk-taking in his family. “Now that you mention it, there was my great-uncle Ted. As a child, he climbed up the flagpole at school, and as an adult, he was an explorer in Australia. The funny thing was he had no sense of direction and was always getting lost. One time, he fell asleep in the outback and only woke up when it was dark. He was afraid of the Aborigines and when he saw some torches, he assumed it was some of the local people coming to kill him for being on sacred land. He jumped up and ran away. Actually, the torches belonged to his team and they were out searching for him. The search continued for two days when suddenly he appeared in camp by himself. On another occasion, he fell asleep in the Australian Outback and an Aborigine found him. But he did not hurt Uncle Ted at all Instead, the Aborigine took pity on this small European man so far from home, picked him up and carried him back to his camp.” I was still amazed that this old man who was supposed to be enjoying a quiet and risk-free retirement had agreed to be taken up in a plane and had then sky dived from a great height. I asked one more question: now that he had celebrated his 90th birthday by sky diving, how would he celebrate the next one? “Oh, I don’t know,” replied Mr. Smith. “We will have to wait and see. I might start scuba diving, but the gear is expensive and I can’t get any company to insure me.”

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Comprehension Questions 1. Who is teIIing the story the writer reIates? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What speciaI activity did this person do on his Iast birthday? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do we know that the speaker might not reaIIy have wanted to teII the story? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What did he compare his experience to? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Who eIse in the famiIy Iikes to take risks? ________________________________________________________________________

Going Beyond Choose one of the following topics to write about: 1. Write about an eIderIy person who Iives a very exciting Iife. 2. Write an anecdote about something that happened to you or to a cIose member of your famiIy that invoIved taking a risk.

38

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Advanced 1 Unit 3

What Happened? a. “What Happened?” begins with a young man thanking his girlfriend for picking him up after his sports injury . Match the pictures of the people with the most appropriate quotation of saying thanks. Write a similar sentence of thanks for the fourth picture. 2

1

3

a. “Thanks for the water, l have another 10 k.m. to run.”

b. “To aII our fans, l want to say thanks for your great support.” c. “Thanks for remembering my birthday!”

4

d. _____________________________________________

b. Cindy picked her boyfriend up. The meaning of pick depends whether it stands alone or is followed by a preposition. Match the meaning in column B with the correct sentence in column A.

A

B

1. Pick the sport shoes you want.

a. not show much interest

2. She onIy picked at her food before the big race.

b. bIame someone for everything

3. They picked on me at the gym.

c. coIIect someone who is waiting

4. The runners picked up speed as they ran down the hiII.

d. choose

5. PIease pick me up from the sports stadium.

e. increase

1.

2.

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3.

4.

5.

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Advanced 1 Unit 3

c. Read this e-mail from a mother to her injured son. Underline the expressions of sympathy. Now write a similar e-mail to a friend who has been injured while sky diving.

Dear Son, How do you feeI? l was so sorry to hear what happened to you. What a shame it happened in the Iast game of the season. l know l toId you not to take too many risks, but from what l saw on the TV, it seems it was reaIIy an accident. What an awfuI thing to happen. l guess it couId happen to any American footbaII pIayer. What did the doctors teII you? How Iong won’t you be aIIowed to pIay? l hope it wiII not take Iong as l know how much you Iove the game. Now, promise me something: whiIe you are recovering, don’t do anything you shouIdn’t do. That incIudes racing fast cars and chasing pretty Iadies! Now, you’II have more time to catch up on your education. Leaving schooI to pIay professionaI footbaII was your decision, but now you can make up for Iost time. l aIso expect that you’II find more time for your famiIy! Love, Mom

d. Read these quotes from some athletes talking about drugs in sports. Then write a dialogue between an athlete and her coach in which the coach is trying to convince the athlete to take steroids.

“My coach toId me that l couIdn’t expect to be competitive if l didn’t take the drugs. She never mentioned the side effects.”

“PersonaIIy, l am drug free and want to stay that way. What we need in sports is honesty and that means no athIetes take drugs to give them a competitive edge.”

“Let’s face it, medicaI tests are aIways one or two steps behind the Iatest drug; that means that athIetes who take these drugs are not caught.” “lt’s so difficuIt to know what to eat or what to drink, l have to read the ingredients of the packaged food so carefuIIy. My friend had a coId and took some prescription medicine, but she was banned from competitions because the doctors found traces of an iIIegaI substance in her bIood.”

40

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Advanced 1 Unit 3

More Infinitives: Other Uses a. The computer lesson described someone who had overeaten. Overeating is not very healthy, especially for sportspeople. Read the following sentences and underline the infinitive form. “We don’t expect Jones to be selected for the Olympic team next year because he’s overweight.” “I don’t want my parents to be worried when I go sky diving.” Complete the following paragraph using the verbs in parenthesis. You will have to change the form of the words to the infinitive.

A Checklist for Participants at the Olympics 1. AII sportspeopIe who want (1) _________________ (consider) as OIympic athIetes must have permission from their NationaI Associations. 2. Any athIetes not wiIIing (2) _________________ (test) for iIIegaI drugs wiII be



banned from the OIympics. 3. We understand that many athIetes hate (3) _________________ (subject to)





random tests, but there is no choice. We expect over 5,000 athIetes (4) _________________ (test) during the OIympics. We understand that many athIetes are surprised (5) _________________ (accuse of) taking drugs and others are deIighted (6) _________________ (decIare) drug free. We were aII shocked (7) _________________ (teII) by the Iaboratory peopIe that there are six new drugs at this OIympics. We were not surprised (8) _________________ (inform) that the oIder drugs are stiII used, too. That’s why so many tests need (9)_________________ (carry out). We are determined (10) _________________ (describe) as the most drug-free OIympics. 4. ln addition, we hope (11) _________________ (record) in history as the friendIiest OIympics. 5. AII athIetes are expected (12) _________________ (dress) properIy at the opening ceremony.

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b. You work at a sports club. Write a letter of complaint to your boss, who hates to be criticized. Use some of the words in the box in a similar way to activity a.

angry • (not) deIighted • determined • expect • hate • hope • (not) prepared (not) wiIIing • shocked • surprised • want

Dear Boss, ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Yours truIy, _________________

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Unit 4

Complaints

Call-In a. Do you recall the radio program you listened to called “Interview Line”? Complete the following sentences about the program. 1. Mr. Swathmore’s friends and coIIeagues caII him _______________________________. 2. Mr. Swathmore spent most of his journaIist career working for ____________________. 3. After he retires, he is probabIy going to ______________________________________. 4. An issue which Mr. Swathmore knows a Iot about is ____________________________. 5. The first caIIer thinks that Mr. Swathmore’s reports are based on ___________________. 6. When Mr. Swathmore hears about a new story, he taIks to _______________________. 7. The second caIIer agrees with the first caIIer and makes three new points: _____________________________________________________________________ 8. To support his cIaims, Mr. Swathmore aIways reIies on __________________________. 9. Mr. Swathmore’s opinion of “the truth of a story” is that __________________________. 10. The issue for the next program wiII be _______________________________________. . Copyright © 1990-2017 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

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Advanced 1 Unit 4

b. Match the definitions in column B to the appropriate words and phrases in column A. A

B

1. to be on air

a. to support and agree with somebody

2. to back someone up

b. to hear about something

3. freedom of the press

c. to find or reach a person

4. sources

d. the right of newspapers to print their opinions

5. tabIoid newspapers

e. onIy a IittIe of the whoIe story

6. to get hoId of someone

f. peopIe who give information to journaIists

7. to get wind of a story

g. to be broadcast on radio or TV

8. the tip of the iceberg

h. newspapers that are very popuIar, cheap, and often scandaIous

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

c. Match the nouns in column B to the most appropriate verbs in column A. A 1. break

a. peopIe

2. exaggerate

b. the Iaw

3. foIIow up on

c. a cIaim

4. get hoId of

d. peopIe's tragedies

5. back up

e. sources

6. take advantage of

f. the truth

7. reveaI

g. a story

8. base on

h. rumors

1.

44

B

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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Advanced 1 Unit 4

d. Complete the following newspaper interview with Dan the Man about his retirement. Interviewer: Now Dan, l hope you don’t mind if we begin with your earIy career here at the

newspaper. Remind me, how Iong ago did you start here?

Dan:

WeII, l’m a IittIe embarrassed to answer, but l started (1) _______________ ago.

Interviewer: Can you teII us a IittIe about the newspaper then, who you worked with? Dan:

Yes, l’d be happy to remind the oIder readers of one particuIar investigative



reporter who taught me aII l know - Hank “Hot Lead” Smith.

Interviewer: What did you Iearn from Hank? Dan:

WeII, first of aII, he taught me that when you get (2) _________________ a story,



you have to get (3) _________________ the peopIe who are cIose to the story.



They can teII you what they know. Hank aIso taught me that l have to

(4)_________________ any cIaims l make in my articIes. Interviewer: Now Dan, teII us about the most scandaIous reports you have ever written. Dan:

WeII, there were a few, as anyone who is (5) _________________ with tabIoid



papers knows. But in aII these reports, even though l came under a Iot of



pressure from the courts, l never (6) _________________ my sources.

Interviewer: One Iast question Dan. What do you say to those peopIe who compIain that tabIoid papers (7) _________________ the truth? Dan:

l can onIy say that the readers must decide what they beIieve and as Iong as there



are good investigative journaIists around, the papers wiII report the facts.

e. In the phrase, “… will soon be retiring”, the word soon gives the reader extra information. Rewrite the following sentences using the word in the brackets to add additional information. 1. The guest on the radio show is commonIy known as “Dan the Man”. (more) ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Dan is famiIiar with the worId of tabIoid newspapers. (very) ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ls it known what happened? (actuaIIy) ______________________________________________________________________ 4. JournaIists refuse to reveaI any information. (aIways) ______________________________________________________________________ 5. The host of the show teIIs the Iisteners that this program is the tip of the iceberg. (just) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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f. The adjectives in the first column all have common adjective endings: -y, -ous, -al. Use a good dictionary to find the missing words to complete the table below.

Adjectives

Nouns

Verbs

catchy personaI scandaIous speciaI

Now complete the following dialogues using the correct forms of the most appropriate words from the table above. 1. “l’m a Iawyer by training and l (1) ________________ in cases invoIving peopIe who

reveaI state secrets.”



“ReaIIy, so were you invoIved in the (2) ________________ about the prime minister’s secretary who soId secrets to foreign governments? l promise we won’t pubIish your name.”

2. “The soft drinks company is compIaining; they want us to come up with a (3) _________

sIogan.” “How about ‘Spirit is Life!’?”

3. “Her strong, decisive (4) ________________ was the main reason for her success at running a tabIoid newspaper.” 4. “The restaurant has a few good dishes and is very popuIar with the Japanese reporters who work for the Tokyo tabIoid, because their (5) ________________ is Japanese sushi.”

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g. The same news event is not always reported in the same way in the press. Read the following newspaper reports to find out in which section of the newspaper they might appear. Then answer the questions that follow. 1.

Billy Bloggart leaves the Typhoons Those of us who were at the Typhoons’ last game were all very upset to say goodbye to Billy Bloggart. He has played for this basketball team for more than ten years. Some of his best basketball was played as a member of this team, especially in the very successful 1996-1998 seasons when the Typhoons won back-to-back West Coast and U.S. National Titles. Billy averaged 45 points and 25 assists per game. Who will forget his superb last-minute winning dunk in the last game of the series last year? Billy will be joining an East Coast team and playing basketball in Boston next season. So his many loyal fans here in Los Angeles will have to be satisfied with watching his games early in the morning. We wish Billy success with his new team and thank him for the many hours of exciting basketball that he has played with the Typhoons.

2.

Typhoons’ Shares Hit by Transfer Deal The price of the Typhoons’ shares fell yesterday by 24% as nervous investors reacted badly to the announcement that Billy Boggart was leaving the basketball team at the end of this basketball season. The CEO of the company, which recently floated bonds on the market called “Billy’s Bonds”, appealed to investors to judge the company on its performance and profit margin and not on the departure of this legendary player. However, sources in the market comment that Billy Bloggart represents a huge asset for the company because of his high profile on National TV and his promotion work for the Typhoons’ PLC Company. The great majority of the Typhoons’ merchandise features a picture of Billy. At the same time, the shares of the Boston Spurs PLC Company rose considerably following the news that Billy Bloggart will be joining their team next season.

3.

“Why I decided to leave.” An exclusive interview with Billy We spoke to Billy and his wife at their luxurious villa on the riverside. His wife Jeanette answered our first question: “It was a decision we both made together after considering the options carefully.” Billy added, “Yes, we have had many second thoughts about it.” Jeanette continued, “I’m from the East Coast myself. My parents and sisters still live there, and Billy agrees that our children should get to know their grandparents better.” Billy remained quiet and let his wife answer the questions. “I’ve always supported Billy’s decisions in the past and we think that the climate and the education system in Boston will be beneficial to our children. Did you know that the university entry rates are much higher in Boston than in Los Angeles?” Finally Jeanette told us, “Oh yes, we’ll miss all our friends and the fans here in Los Angeles. Billy is especially fond of the Homeless People’s Institute, which he visits every week. But we’ve decided to go and that’s that.”

1. Which event is centraI to aII three articIes? _______________________________________ 2. Which readers does each articIe target? _________________________________________ 3. What does each articIe focus on? _____________________________________________ 4. Which articIe did you prefer reading? Why? ______________________________________

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Complaint a. Do you remember the letter that Felicity wrote to the president of Grumble’s Department Store? The events she describes are given below but they are not in the order she described them. Put them in the correct order.

a. On September 14th, FeIicity bought a washing machine at GrumbIe’s deIivered and instaIIed. However, she couIdn’t turn it on. b. Another technician came to FeIicity’s home to try to figure out what was wrong and he toId her that she must have the machine repaired or exchanged for a new one. FeIicity prefers to repIace it. c. She found a phone number to caII in case of probIems and had a Iong conversation with a technician but it didn’t heIp. d. lf the washing machine is not repIaced, FeIicity wiII ask her Iawyer to get in touch with the store and this is her finaI warning. e. After a second phone caII to the store, FeIicity wrote a Ietter to the appIiance department manager expIaining the probIem. She has not received a repIy to this Ietter yet. f. Now it is October 21st and FeIicity has just finished writing a Ietter to the president of GrumbIe’s Department Store. The washing machine has been at her house for six weeks and stiII doesn’t work. FeIicity wants it repIaced immediateIy.

b. Match the sentences in column B to a sentence or phrase with a similar meaning fron Felicity’s letter, in column A. A

48

B

1. “l’d Iike to bring to your attention the events of the past few weeks concerning a washing machine which l purchased on September 14th from your appIiance department.”

a. A few days after l paid for it, your men br ought the washing machine to my home and connected it to the water pipes and to the eIectricity.

2. “The machine was deIivered and instaIIed severaI days Iater.”

b. l read the instruction book again.

3. “(l) foIIowed the instructions to the Ietter.”

c. l found the phone number to caII on a sticker on the back of the washing machine.

4. “l usuaIIy have a head for these things.”

d. l was given very carefuI directions, one after the other.

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5. “...l re-read the directions.”

e. l want to teII you what has happened with a washing machine that l bought at your store Iast month.

6. ”However, the machine remained idIe.”

f. l’m not going to write again: you must do something now!

7. ”A IabeI on the back of the machine Iisted a phone number to caII in case of probIems.”

g. A second man visited my house in order to find the reason for the probIem with the washing machine.

8. “..a technician.. gave me step-by-step instructions.”

h. l am good at doing such things.

9. “..another technician came to my home to try to figure out what was wrong.”

i. But the washing machine stiII did not work.

10. “PIease consider this a finaI warning.”

j. l did exactIy what the book toId me to do.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

c. When Felicity writes about her washing machine she often uses the passive voice which is formed by using the verb to be and the third form of the verb. For example: The washing machine was purchased on the 14th of September at Grumble’s Department Store. We are interested in knowing when and where the washing machine was bought and not in knowing who bought it. Write a passive sentence or question from the words in brackets. The first two have been done for you. 1. The washing machine looks new. (when/it/install)

When was it installed? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. What does Felicity want to do with the washing machine? (it/need/replace)

It needs to be replaced. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What happened to the washing machine severaI days after FeIicity bought it? (it/delivered/and/install) ______________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the probIem with the washing machine? (no laundry/do/at Felicity’s house/since it arrived) ______________________________________________________________________ 5. What has happened to FeIicity’s Ietter to the department manager? (it/ignore) ______________________________________________________________________

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6. How Iong wiII FeIicity have had the washing machine in her house by the time the president of GrumbIe’s Department Store receives her Ietter of compIaint? (by the time the President of Grumble’s Department Store receives this letter/it/be in her house for nearly a month and a half.) ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

d. Match the different parts or components of a formal letter with the information they contain.

123456-

78-

a. the body of the Ietter, the message b. the compIimentary cIosing or the “goodbye” c. the date of the Ietter d. the name and job titIe of the recipient or the person who receives the Ietter

50

e. the recipient’s address (where the Ietter is being sent to) f. the saIutation or “greeting” g. the sender’s address h. the sender’s name or signature

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e. You purchased a brand new printer two weeks ago at the Useless Hi Tech Store, 233 Tennessee Street, Dallas. It has not worked well since it was installed. Only one page is printed and then the remaining pages are rejected. Only one language is printed. Only one color is available. Only one font is used. Only one size of letters is available. Before you write a letter of complaint to the president of the store, decide which language, which color, which font, and which size of letters the printer uses; how many technicians have come to help you; how many calls you have made; who you have spoken to; who you are writing to, etc. Remember to explain the problem and suggest a solution. Also remember to use the passive voice when you can. Follow the format of the formal letter in activity d.

Additional Reading Global Reading 1. Look at the titIe of the additional reading text. What do you think the articIe is about? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Read the first paragraph. Who is the articIe intended for? __________________________ 3. Read the first sentence of the second paragraph. What kind of compIaints do you think it couId refer to? __________________________________________________________ 4. Read the first sentence of each of the Ietters reprinted. What do they have in common? ______________________________________________________________________

Close Reading 1. The writer makes extensive use of rhetoricaI questions. Write an exampIe of a rhetoricaI question. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ln Iine 7, the writer uses the word but to show contrast. What is the writer contrasting? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ln Iine 8, the writer uses the word if to express a condition. What condition does the writer describe?_______________________________________________________________ 4. ln Iines 12-13, the writer refers to so much to so many. What does the much refer to and who does the many refer to? ________________________________________________ 5. ln the repIies to the compIaints, the writers use a variety of commonIy used poIite expressions. Write three of these expressions.___________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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Youcomplainwewrite.com

5

Who are you? Yes, I know you have a name and you can speak English, but who are you? Are you a passenger? ... a shopper? ... a driver? ... a student? ... a passerby? ... a homeowner? In all of these roles you may, or you will probably need to complain at some time or other. Did the airline company lose your luggage? Did you buy a faulty washing machine? Was your car given a parking ticket when it was in the garage? Did the school give you too much homework? Did a can of paint fall on your head as you were walking under a ladder? Did your neighbor’s cat eat your favorite goldfish? You can shout, curse and thump the table, but what would be more effective? Let us help you to write a letter to the people you want to complain to and send a copy to their “boss.” If you answer this question positively, then youcomplainwewrite.com can help you.

10

Have you ever wanted to complain but didn’t have the time or the skills to write an effective letter? We have years of experience and the correspondence skills to draft and write letters quickly. “Your” letters, drafted by us, will attract attention and get answers to your complaints. We can give so much to so many frustrated people. We have a 95% success rate in getting people to apologize. Just read a selection of sentences that are taken from some of our recently received replies to our letters of complaint:

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“Thank you for drawing our attention to the faulty chocolate bar dispensing machine located in your local bus station. A technician was sent to find out what the problem was and reported that the machine had been vandalized. I’m sure you will be delighted to hear that a new, better machine with a wider range of chocolate bars has been installed. Please find enclosed a credit note for a free bar at any one of our dispensing machines…”

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“Your letter has reached me from our Complaints Department and I am truly sorry that you have suffered so much because of one of our washing machines. I am sending a team of technicians over to your house to replace all the electrical circuits in order to find out the reason why the machine jumps around when the music plays. In the meantime, please feel free to do your laundry at my expense at your local laundromat.”

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“We deeply regret our mistake in charging you $2,000 for a T-shirt instead of the stated price of $20. We are a little surprised that our staff did not notice the mistake immediately, but in any case we are happy to offer you credit to spend the remaining $1,980 at our department store. May I tell you about our new selection of jeans and the price cut we are offering on socks…”

Comprehension Questions 1. Which way of compIaining does the writer think is more effective, thumping tabIes and making oaths, or writing Ietters? _______________________________________________ 2. To whom wiII the writer’s company send a copy of Ietters they write? Why? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Where are the seIections taken from?___________________________________________ 4. What do the seIections have in common? _______________________________________ 5. After reading the seIections, which Ietter of compIaint do you think had the best resuIt? Why? ________________________________________________________________________

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Expensive Boutique a. Read these quotations and decide if each one expresses a complaint or an apology. Complaint

Apology

1. “l can’t stand these expensive IittIe boutiques.” 2. “We deepIy regret our mistake...” 3. “l am truIy sorry that...” 4. “l tried to caII you many times, without success.” 5. “The washing machine stiII doesn’t work.” 6. “PIease accept our apoIogies.”

b. The people in “Expensive Boutique” were out shopping. Write five complaints that you have about shopping for clothes, for food, for gifts, for shoes, and for a car. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________

c. Do you remember the expression from “Expensive Boutique”, “I can’t stand these expensive little boutiques”? Read the following sentences and replace stand or stand + preposition with the word or words in the brackets. Make any necessary changes. 1. Every woman in the basketbaII team stands over six feet. (to be) ______________________________________________________________________ 2. The hospitaI stands between two roads. (to be located) ______________________________________________________________________ 3. The decision not to repIace FeIicity’s washing machine stands. (is not to change) ______________________________________________________________________ 4. l can’t stand machines that don’t work. (to put up with) ______________________________________________________________________ 5. l cannot stand aside and Iet her do it by herseIf. (to do nothing) ______________________________________________________________________

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More Future: Future Progressive a. Ask questions with Will you be + -ing. 1. Your friend is going shopping. You want him/her to buy some washing powder for you at GrumbIe Department Store. (you/pass/Grumble’s Department Store when you’re in town) _____________________________________________________________________? 2. You want your friend to give FeIicity a message this evening. (you/see/Felicity this evening) _____________________________________________________________________? 3. You want to use your neighbor’s washing machine tomorrow morning. (you/use/your washing machine tomorrow morning) _____________________________________________________________________? 4. You want to Iisten to a radio caII-in program when you visit your friend tomorrow. (you/listen/call-in program tomorrow evening) _____________________________________________________________________? 5. You want a specific mechanic to fix your washing machine. (you/work/tomorrow afternoon?) _____________________________________________________________________?

b. Answer the following questions about how you see yourself in 15 years’ time. 1. Where wiII you be Iiving 15 years from now? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Which company wiII you be working for? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What kind of things wiII you be doing as part of your job? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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Unit 5

Business Strategies Ad a. How does the ABC Finance Bank try to attract new customers? Read the benefits below and decide which of them the bank mentions in its ad. Mentioned

Not Mentioned

1. abiIity to overdraw on checking account 2. a free bank account management service 3. high-quaIity service 4. doubIe checks everything 5. foreign currency exchange 6. lnternet banking 7. keeping an eye on investments 8. keeping track of records 9. personaI care 10. 24 hour teIephone service

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b. The ad opens by asking three questions to attract the listener’s attention. Write down three more questions the bank could have used in an ad to attract attention. 1. _____________________________________________________________________? 2. _____________________________________________________________________? 3. _____________________________________________________________________? c. Match the noun in column B to the most appropriate verb in column A. A

B

1. care about

a. your investments

2. check out

b. you

3. keep an eye on

c. on your account

4. keep track

d. a bank

5. manage

e. of financiaI records

6. overdraw

f. your bank account

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

d. Match the idioms from the ad with the most appropriate picture of their literal meaning. 2

1

Idioms

56

Picture

a. checks bounce

____

b. in the Iong run

____

c. keep an eye on

____

d. keep track of

____

e. take it from me

____

3

4

5

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Now write a sentence illustrating the figurative meaning of each of the idioms from activity d. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ e. Complete the text below using the appropriate words below.

avoid - avoidance • invest - investment • manage - management satisfy - satisfaction • serve - service

Banking Today Doing your banking today is not the same as it used to be. Do you remember the Iong Iines as you waited for a teIIer? Now you can (1) _______________ the Iines by sending an e-maiI to an lnternet teIIer for routine banking. There is aIso a new (2) _______________ for account hoIders who are seeking advice on which (3) _______________ to make; for exampIe, shouId they (4) _______________ in stocks and shares or in reaI estate? ln summary, we can say that the priority for (5) _______________ at aII modern banks is to guarantee customer (6) _______________. f. Complete the following dialogue with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below. cares about to give attention to someone’s needs and requirements check out to Iearn more about something or someone in order to decide what to do invest in to put money into a pIace which you hope wiII give you a profit in the Iong run (future) keep an eye on to pay carefuI attention to something or someone keep track of to pay attention to how something or someone changes over time take it from me to beIieve something somebody teIIs you

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Caller: HeIIo, am l speaking to someone at the ABC Finance Bank? Teller:

Yes, that’s right, how can l heIp you?

Caller: WeII, you see, l have some money and l’m interested in (1) ______________ your bank. Teller:

We here at ABC Finance Bank can heIp you. Our customers are very satisfied with our



high-quaIity service. Right now, for exampIe, l’m (2) ____________________ the



accounts of 12 oId Iadies who can’t come to the bank very often. They know that we are the bank that (3) ____________________ them. Caller: That’s aII very weII, but l want a bank that can give me financiaI reports every day. l want a bank that can (4) ____________________ my investments in America, in



Japan, in AustraIia, and in GreenIand for the next five years. Teller:

WeII, you don’t have to (5) ____________________ me. l suggest that you come to the bank and taIk to Ms. Monroe in our lnternationaI lnvestment Department.

Caller: l’II do that, l’II certainIy be in to (6) ____________________ the ABC Finance Bank. g. The satisfied customer’s final words in the ad were: “As long as my money is at ABC Finance Bank, my savings are secure.” Note that the present tense is used in the second clause. This is true of conditions (if) and time expressions (as soon as, when, as long as). Fill in the correct form of the verb in the sentences below. 1. She’II get high-quaIity service if she __________________________ (to open) an account at ABC Finance. 2. Errors, which couId cost customers a Iot of money, are avoided at the ABC Finance Bank as Iong as the bank __________________________ (to doubIe-check) everything. 3. You’II Iearn more about the bank if you _________________________ (to check) us out. 4. The bank wiII keep track of my investments as Iong as l __________________________ (to pay) a monthIy fee. h. You want to know more about the ABC Finance Bank. Write a formal letter with today’s date to: Mr. Ian Formation Manager - Customer Inquiries ABC Finance Bank 22 Seaside Boulevard Brighton United Kingdom Tell the bank manager that you have a lot of money to invest and ask him about the services the bank provides, what the fees are, and what happens if an account is over drawn. Also ask for a meeting early next week to discuss the issues.

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Request a. Do you remember the letter in the computer lesson? Read the following statements and decide whether they are true ( ) or false ( ) . 1. Kara Moore and Mr. MorgenthaI have never met. / 2. By February, Ms. Moore wiII become the manager of marketing.

/

3. The magazine wiII target young peopIe. / 4. Ms. Moore has incIuded a biII with her Ietter. / 5. Ms. Moore suggests that Mr. Morgenthat advertise shoes. / 6. Ms. Moore insists that Mr. MorgenthaI repIy quickIy. /

b. Mr. Morgenthal and Ms. Moore had a phone conversation the following day. Who do you think might have said the following things, Ms. Moore or Mr. Morgenthal?

Ms. Moore

Mr. MorgenthaI

1. “l’d Iike to taIk to you about your ideas described in your Ietter of January 20th”. 2. “May l ask you what you think of my ideas?” 3. “l think your idea to create a new high-quaIity youth magazine with an environmentaI theme is a very good one as we aIso care about the environment and onIy make our shoes from naturaI materiaIs”. 4. “First of aII, congratuIations on your promotion to head of the pubIications office”. 5. “Thank you, l’m very gratefuI for your support and advice when we Iast met”. 6. “l’ve read your outIine of the first proposed issue and we might be interested in advertising in the magazine, but that wouId depend on the cost”.

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c. Match the sentences in column B to the sentences with a similar meaning in column A. A

B

1. lt has been some time since we were in contact.

a. The company appreciated my yearIy report on pubIications.

2. l hope that aII is weII with you.

b. lt wiII be quite easy to get more young peopIe interested in the environment because the topic is often in the news.

3. My annuaI presentation to the organization seems to have been weII received.

c. My pIan is to focus on young peopIe and try to get their attention on issues reIated to the environment.

4. ...and by next month l wiII be managing the whoIe pubIications office.

d. l hope to have a good name because of the high quaIity of the magazine and not just because it focuses on environmentaI issues.

5. One of my primary objectives for next year is to focus on reaching out to youth and getting them interested in environmentaI issues.

e. We haven’t spoken for a whiIe.

6. Now that the environment has become a hot news topic, that shouId not be too difficuIt.

f. Soon l wiII be in charge of aII the magazines we produce.

7. l wouId Iike the magazine to be known for its quaIity rather than its environmentaI subject matter.

g. l’d Iike you to think about my suggestion and caII me when you have made a decision.

8. PIease take time to think the idea over, and then Iet me know what you decide.

h. l hope you are feeIing weII.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

d. Match the words in column B to the appropriate words in column A in order to complete the collocations. A 1. to appeaI to

a. a project

2. to create

b. an office

3. to manage

c. a product

4. to reach out to

d. a magazine

5. to seII

e. youth

6. to support

f. university students

1.

60

B

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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e. Do you remember how Ms. Moore tries to convince Mr. Morgenthal to agree to advertise in the new publication? Circle the correct answer. 1. Ms. Moore begins her letter with... a. a business proposaI. b. a description of her pIans. c. a friendIy note, her Iatest news and a thank you. d. a satisfied customer’s opinion. 2. In the second paragraph of the letter, Ms. Moore... a. gives an outIine of her targets for next month. b. gives an outIine of her targets for the coming year. c. says “Thank you” again. d. makes a business suggestion. 3. In the fourth paragraph of the letter, Ms. Moore... a. makes an offer. b. describes the quaIity of the magazine. c. offers to give money to Mr. MorgenthaI. d. offers to buy some shoes. 4. Ms. Moore finishes her letter with... a. a joke. b. a thank you. c. a request. d. a finaI warning. 5. The salutation is... a. very formaI. b. very informaI. c. friendIy but formaI. d. formaI but unfriendIy.

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f. Ms. Moore makes a proposal in her letter.

1. When we make a proposaI we often use expressions such as, I thought that you might be interested, this could be a good way, this might solve your problems. What tense are these expressions in? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ln EngIish, peopIe usuaIIy do not want to use Ianguage that is boastfuI. Ms. Moore writes that her presentation seems to have been weII received. What expression indicates that she is modest? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. When making a proposaI, it is aIways a good idea to give the buyer or investor a good reason and expIanation to invest his or her money. What words does Ms. Moore use: to give a reason?_________________________________________________________ to give an expIanation?____________________________________________________ 4. Another way to achieve a positive response to an offer is not to put pressure on the investor. How does Ms. Moore do that? _______________________________________

g. Plan and write a business proposal to: Mr. R. E. Luctant, Chief Executive of Polar Ice Cream 1 Frozen Avenue Copenhagen When you last met Mr. Luctant, he gave you some advice on how to sell ice cream. Now you want him to advertise in your new publication, “A Sweet Tooth”. Use the letter from the computer lesson as a model. There should be three main paragraphs.

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Marketing Strategy a. Which of the following statements ask for feedback and which give feedback? Mark the correct column Ask for feedback

Give feedback

1. What do you think of my new marketing strategy? 2. WeII, l tend to feeI that we must aIso target middIe-aged women in this campaign. 3. ln my opinion, more market research is needed. 4. CouId l ask you where you stand on using focus groups? 5. l wouId suggest that we target the over 50s age group. 6. We'd be interested to hear your views on the new advertising campaign.

b. Do you remember the conversation in the computer lesson between two people who work in marketing? They both know about the four marketing key words which all begin with the letter “P”. These words are given in the box below. Match each one with an appropriate definition.

PIace • Price • Product • Promotion 1. ____________________ : machines, cIothes, food, or services 2. ____________________ : the cost of the product 3. ____________________: often caIIed distribution or how the products get to the market 4. ____________________: gets peopIe interested in the product or service.

c. Which of the Four P’s does the conversation in the computer lesson involve? _______________________________________________________________________

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Additional Reading Global Reading 1. Look at the titIe of the additional reading text. Who do you think the articIe is written for? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Read the first paragraph. What do you think the purpose of this paragraph is? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Read the first sentence of the second paragraph. What advice does the writer give? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Read the first sentence of the third paragraph. How many categories does the writer focus on? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Read the first sentence of the fourth paragraph. What specific issue does the writer focus on? ________________________________________________________________________

Close Reading 1. The writer uses the word but in the first sentence to show contrast. What does the writer contrast? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. The word when (Iine 3) is used to describe a necessary condition. What condition needs to be met for a marketing budget to be effective? ___________________________________ 3. The abbreviation i.e. signaIs that the writer wiII give an exampIe. What does the writer give an exampIe of? ____________________________________________________________ 4. ln Iine 9, the writer expIains a connection between two eIements using the expression The more… the better... What two things does the writer compare?_______________________ 5. ln Iines 13-14, the writer uses the word if twice in order to describe two conditions. What are the two conditions? ________________________________________________________ What advice does the writer give? _____________________________________________ 6. Read the four categories. ln which one wouId you cIassify: a. the number of peopIe in a certain area _______________________________________ b. what customers think about a product or a service _______________________________ c. the saIaries customers earn ________________________________________________ d. how often a customer uses the same service or buys the same product ______________ e. where customers get their information about products and services _________________ 7. ln Iine 25, the writer uses the words critical to in order to describe an important Iink between two issues. What are the two issues? ___________________________________________

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Finding Your Customers

5

10

15

Everybody talks about target markets and taking aim, but not everybody does it. Target marketing is the only effective way to optimize marketing resources. Your marketing budget is going to be most effective when it reaches your selected target market. When we look at the big picture and sort through the marketing jargon, the benefit of target marketing is simple - efficiency. Solid target marketing is a method of reaching your customers more efficiently. Target marketing is a better use of your most valuable resources, i.e., time and money, to generate additional revenue. It is as straightforward as that. Now, let’s talk more about how to get there. Your goal is to acquire as much information as you can about your existing or prospective customers. The more you know about your customers, the better you will be able to make decisions that will enhance your ability to communicate and connect with them. Who do you consider will benefit the most from your products and services? Think of the people and their most common characteristics and attributes. One of the best ways to identify your target market is to look at your existing customer base. Who are your ideal clients? What do they have in common? If you do not have an existing customer base, or if you are targeting a completely new audience, speculate on who they might be, based on their needs and the benefits they will receive. Investigate competitors or similar businesses in other markets to gain insight. While you collect information, use these four category areas to identify and define your target market:

20

25

30

1. Geographics: The location, size of the area, density, and climate zone of your customers. 2. Demographics: The age, gender, income, family composition and size, occupation, and education of your customers. 3. Psychographics: The general personality, behavior, life-style, rate of use, repetition of need, benefits sought, and loyalty characteristics of your customers. 4. Behaviors: The needs your customers seek to fulfill, their level of knowledge, information sources, attitude, use, or response to a product. One of the marketing fundamentals is focusing on benefits. This perspective is critical to target marketing. Establishing an intimate understanding of the needs of your target market is critical. How will your customer profit or otherwise gain from using your products or services? Meeting this need is one of the most convincing points for sales to be made, cash to flow, and profits to result. You must seek to quantify the value of offering a solution to this need. You may be able to do this by asking these questions about your products and services: • How much can it save your customer? • How much can it earn for your customer? • What intangible benefits might customers realize, and is it possible to quantify these benefits?

Comprehension Questions 1. According to the text, when is a marketing budget most effective?____________________. 2. What is the most important goaI in marketing?___________________________________. 3. What is the best way to identify a target market? __________________________________. 4. What does the writer suggest to companies that do not have an existing customer base? ________________________________________________________________________.

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More Infinitives: Perfect Mr. Johnson has asked for a report on a rival advertising agency. Complete the report using the most appropriate expressions below.

appears to have won

known to have recruited

beIieved to have been approached by

seems to have recovered from

thought to have invested in

Client: J. E. Alous Advertising Agency Target Company: B.E.Tter Advertising Agency Information Sources: Company house, balance sheets, promotional material, confidential interviews with ex-employees Dear Mr. Johnson, Please find our full report attached. A summary of our findings is as follows: The B.E.Tter Advertising Agency (1) _____________________________ its poor performance last year and (2) ________________________________ several top advertising tenders for contracts with soft-drink manufacturers. They are (3) ______________________________________________________ a well-respected marketing guru to work part-time for them as a consultant. In addition, they are (4) ______________________________________________ new computer software which predicts market trends. Finally, they are (5)_______

_________________________ the government with a contract to run next year’s government-sponsored nationwide anti-smoking advertising campaign.

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Unit 6

Communication Soap Opera a. Do you remember the conversation between Cathy and Carlos in the Listening section? Mark the sentences true ( ) or false ( ). Write the sentence or phrase from the script that gives you the answer. 1. Both Cathy and CarIos meet at a university. / ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Cathy Iikes to taIk to strangers. / ______________________________________________________________________ 3. CarIos is impressed that Cathy is interested in Mexico. / ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Cathy is surprised at how good CarIos’s EngIish is. / ______________________________________________________________________ 5. CarIos thinks it’s important to Iearn the Ianguage of a country you want to visit and stay in for a whiIe. / ______________________________________________________________________ 6. OnIy a few peopIe in the U.S. imagine that aII Mexicans wear Iarge hats. / ______________________________________________________________________

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7. CarIos expIains why he is upset. / ______________________________________________________________________ 8. Cathy doesn’t apoIogize. / ______________________________________________________________________ 9. CarIos doesn’t want to go to Cathy’s house for dinner.

/

______________________________________________________________________ b. Answer the following questions. 1. ln which country does Cathy Iive? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. What is her motivation for speaking to CarIos? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Who begins the conversation and in which Ianguage? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Who gets offended during the conversation and why? ______________________________________________________________________ 5. What do you think wiII happen in the next episode of “Ups and Downs”? ______________________________________________________________________

c. Write the expressions that Cathy uses to perform the functions listed below. What expression does Cathy use to: 1. introduce herseIf? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. teII CarIos her name? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. compIiment CarIos? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ask for heIp with her Spanish? ______________________________________________________________________ 5. apoIogize? ______________________________________________________________________ 6. invite? ______________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 6

d. Read a conversation Carlos had with his Mexican friend. Read his answers and write what his friend asked him. Friend:

________________________________________________________________?

Carlos:

Oh, she is an American who studies here and who is very interested in Mexico.

Friend:

________________________________________________________________?

Carlos: EngIish, of course. You know l’m practicaIIy biIinguaI. Friend:

________________________________________________________________?

Carlos:

l’m not sure, but she wouId Iike me to heIp her improve her Spanish.

Friend:

________________________________________________________________?

Carlos:

WeII, we taIked about sombreros. She caIIed them “great Mexican hats” and she thought we wear them aII the time.

Friend:

________________________________________________________________?

Carlos: How do you expect l reacted? That is a big generaIization. l mean when was the Iast time you wore one? Friend:

________________________________________________________________?

Carlos:

ActuaIIy, l am going to see her again. l’ve been invited to dinner.

e. Match the words in column B to the most appropriate words in column A to complete the expressions.

A

B

1. American ___

a. account

2. as a ___

b. offense

3. faII ___

c. in

4. to take ___

d. hospitaIity

5. to take into ___

e. ruIe

6. to fit ___

f. in Iove

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Advanced 1 Unit 6

f. The following is the synopsis of next week’s episode of “Ups and Downs”. Read it carefully and then write the script for the next episode.

At Cathy’s apartment. She and Carlos are finishing dinner and Carlos thanks Cathy for her hospitality. He offers to help her with the washing up and they go to the kitchen and start cleaning up. They talk about Mexico, the weather, the people and the culture, but suddenly he breaks one of Cathy’s glass bowls, the one her grandmother gave her. Cathy is very upset and Carlos tries to be sympathetic. However, Cathy asks him to leave. Carlos leaves and tells her he’d like to see her again. Cathy doesn’t say “No” but she doesn’t say “Yes” either.

CarIos: _________________________________________________________________ Cathy:

_________________________________________________________________ A few minutes later in the kitchen.

Cathy:

_________________________________________________________________

CarIos: _________________________________________________________________ Cathy:

_________________________________________________________________

CarIos: _________________________________________________________________ Cathy:

_________________________________________________________________

CarIos: _________________________________________________________________ (CRASH) Cathy:

_________________________________________________________________

CarIos: _________________________________________________________________ Cathy:

_________________________________________________________________

CarIos: _________________________________________________________________ Cathy:

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_________________________________________________________________

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Personal a. Do you remember the letter from the computer lesson? Number the following events in the correct order. a. A big basket of fruit and a note saying “Practice your Portuguese!” was deIivered to BiII. b. BiII arrived in PortugaI six months ago. c. BiII asked his friend to find out what had upset his hosts. d. His hosts stopped speaking in surprise and shock. e. BiII didn’t eat anything at home before the meaI. f. He Iearned a few Portuguese words by heart just before he Ieft for the dinner. g. The hosts served roast beef. h. He tried to expIain that he was a vegetarian and didn’ t eat meat. i. lt turned out that there was a misunderstanding because of BiII’s poor Portuguese. j. BiII was invited for dinner to the home of a IocaI famiIy . b. Match the words in column B to the appropriate prefixes in column A. A

B

a. appropriate 1. bi

_______

2. in

_______

b. compIete c. correct d. hospitabIe

3. un _______

e. interested

4. mis _______

f. IinguaI g. offensive h. understanding

c. Match the words from column B with the words from column A to form an expression. A

B

1. to express ______

a. across

2. to get by ______

b. of something

3. to get a message ______

c. in a Ianguage

4. to keep ______

d. down an offer

5. to make ______

e. in touch

6. to speak ______

f. headway

7. to take advantage ______

g. Iike a native

8. to turn ______

h. yourseIf

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d. Now use the expressions from activity c. to complete what three foreign language students in Sweden are telling each other. Change the form of the expressions if necessary. Bill:

How good is your Swedish?

Elaine:

l know enough (1) _________________________. l can go shopping and ask the



poIiceman for the time and directions. What about you, CarIos, how weII



can you (2) __________________ in Swedish, with aII the difficuIt pronunciation?

Carlos:

WeII, l can usuaIIy (3) ___________________ my message _________________.



And you, BiII, do you (4) ____________________ Swedish _________________?

Bill:

Not at aII, but l think l (5) _____________________. When l arrived here l couIdn’t



speak a word but now l know much more.

Elaine:

ReaIIy, weII, why don’t we speak Swedish now?

Bill:

UsuaIIy l Iike to (6)____________________ every opportunity to practice Swedish,



but l have to go now.

Carlos:

UnfortunateIy, l must aIso (7) _______________________ the chance to practice



Swedish. l have a date.

Elaine:

OK guys, but we shouId meet to speak Swedish, so (8) _____________________.



l’II send aII of you SMS messages earIy next week, in Swedish!

e. After Elaine received Bill’s letter she wrote a reply. Use these points to help you write Elaine’s reply. Remember the letter should be informal and friendly. • Thank BiII for keeping in touch. • React to the story. • TeII him about a Ianguage course you are taking. • Give information about how Iong you have been studying, how much headway you have made, and how you are getting on. • TeII an anecdote about a misunderstanding you had in the foreign Ianguage you are studying. • End with a friendIy message.

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Please Speak Up a. Do you remember the frustrating telephone conversation in the computer lesson? What do you know about the caller? 1. ls the caIIer a man or a woman? _____________________________________________ 2. Who is the caIIer trying to get hoId of? ________________________________________ 3. How many times does the caIIer make the same request? _________________________ 4. How does she make the request with sIightIy different Ianguage? Write down the different expressions. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

5. Does the caIIer’s Ianguage get more or Iess formaI as the conversation goes on? ______________________________________________________________________

6. What do you think the caIIer wiII do? WiII the caIIer caII again? What wouId you do in a simiIar situation? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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b. Match the expressions below to the appropriate situations. Situation: 1. You are speaking to a Chief Executive Officer of an internationaI company. 2. You are speaking to your best friend. 3. You are speaking to your young chiId. 4. You are speaking to a customer. 5. You are speaking to a saIesperson. Expressions asking people to repeat what they have just said: a. l’ve toId you before. You’II have to speak more IoudIy if you want peopIe to hear you. b. l’m afraid l can hardIy make out what you are trying to teII me; pIease speak more sIowIy. c. l beg your pardon, sir. CouId you repeat that? d. Speak up! l can’t hear you! e. l’m sorry, what exactIy did you ask me? 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

c. Complete the telephone conversation with a bad connection between a caller and an office receptionist. Caller:

l was wondering if Ms. Moore is in her office?

Receptionist: (ask the caller to repeat his request) _________________________________

____________________________________________________________?

Caller:

(repeat your question more informally)



____________________________________________________________?

Receptionist: (ask the caller to speak up, politely)

____________________________________________________________?

Caller:

(tell the receptionist that you can’t speak any louder and repeat your



request very informally)



____________________________________________________________?

Receptionist: (explain that the connection is awful and suggest that the caller tries again)

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____________________________________________________________?

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Advanced 1 Unit 6

Additional Reading Global Reading 1. Look at the titIe of the additional reading text. Who are the peopIe that you think the writer is targeting? _________________________________________________________ What kind of advice do you think the writer wiII give these peopIe? ________________________________________________________________________

2. Read the first sentence of the first paragraph. How does it support your first idea? ________________________________________________________________________

3. Read the first sentence of the second paragraph. What word does the writer use instead of practicing?_____________________________________________________________ 4. How many ways does the writer suggest to practice using a new Ianguage? ________________________________________________________________________

Close Reading 1. ln Iine 1, the writer uses the word by to expIain how to do something. What is the writer’s suggestion?_________________________________________________________ 2. ln Iine 3, the writer uses the word like to make a comparison. Which comparison does the writer make?______________________________________________________________ 3. What or who does the word they in Iine 5 refer to?_________________________________ 4. ln Iines 8 and 9, the writer uses commas to make a Iist. What does this Iist refer to? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. The writer uses the word fix in Iine 13. What is the meaning of the word in this context? ________________________________________________________________________ 6. The writer uses the word so in Iine 16 to give a consequence. What is the consequence? ________________________________________________________________________ 7. The writer uses the expression so forth in Iine 25 in order to represent other things of the type that was aIready mentioned. What category of things has been mentioned? ________________________________________________________________________ 8. The writer uses the word but in Iine 26 to show contrast. What does the writer contrast? ________________________________________________________________________ 9. The writer uses the word so in Iine 30 to give a consequence. What is the consequence? ________________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 6

The Ideal Language Student

5

10

No matter what method you choose to learn a language, you can maximize your results by following a few general guidelines. The most important thing is to take every opportunity to practice and reinforce what you are learning. Like piano playing and ice-skating, language learning requires constant practice. Almost no one can learn vocabulary words or grammar rules by looking at them. They must be practiced again and again and used in conversation to convince the brain that they are important and worth keeping. Reinforcing the same material in a number of different ways is especially effective. In a language class, you will probably read a textbook, listen to your teacher, complete some writing exercises, and do some speaking. There are also other ways you might consider to reinforce the material that you are learning: • Reading aloud to yourself, a partner, or a tape recorder. • Recording your teacher in class (with permission) and using the tape for extra practice. • Copying text passages and lists of vocabulary words to help fix them in your memory. • Testing yourself with flash cards.

15

• Making use of spare moments by carrying a textbook or small notebook with you wherever you go, so that you can practice vocabulary or memorize dialogues. • Posting notes, poems, or sayings with vocabulary words around your home. Especially if everyone in the household is learning the language, it can be fun to label things.

20

25

• Thinking up associations. It’s easy to remember the Czech word for hello (ahoy) if you think of sailors greeting each other. Ask your teacher about associations other students have used, or make up your own. • Using physical props. Get creative about using props to help you learn vocabulary. Using senses such as touch and taste will help fix the words in your memory. For example, you might touch something cold and say the word for that sensation in your new language. Consider using props to help you learn the names of colors, foods, articles of clothing, and so forth. • Keeping a diary. Start a diary in the foreign language, but don’t be too ambitious. Slowly your new language skills will allow you to write more complex ideas. This is also a good way to evaluate your progress and see how much headway you are making.

30

• Recording foreign language songs. It’s usually not too difficult to find the lyrics and a translation, but the important thing is to sing along and so practice your pronunciation. We suggest you start this exercise while taking a shower. • Using language software on a computer. These days more and more options exist to practice your new language skills with the assistance of a computer program. You can reinforce both reading and listening skills using these programs.

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Advanced 1 Unit 6

Comprehension Questions 1. What is the writer’s advice to Ianguage students? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. List the ways of reinforcing mentioned in the buIIets that can be done effectiveIy on your own. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. List the ways of reinforcing mentioned in the buIIets that depend on the cooperation of others to be effective. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Do you agree with the writer that onIy a very few peopIe can remember foreign Ianguage words by Iooking at them? How do you remember new vocabuIary yourseIf? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Choose three ways you think are the most effective in terms of Ianguage acquisition and expIain the reasons for your choices. ________________________________________________________________________

Phrasal Verbs: Review a. Complete the following sentences using phrasal verbs from the box below. You may need to change their form. hand in • pay back • set up • take off • turn on • try out

1. Why don’t we ________________ the new approach to cross-cuIturaI training? 2. Do l need to ________________ my hat when l visit the church? 3. We wiII need the services of a IocaI company with IocaI expertise before we decide to ________________ a factory abroad. 4. Where must l ________________________ my appIication for a visa to visit AIbania? 5. We ________________ the Iights earIy during the winter months. 6. WiII the internationaI debtors ______________________ the money?

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Advanced 1 Unit 6

b. Which word does not belong? Circle the word which does not collocate with the phrasal verb in bold. 1. back up:

a friend

an enemy

a colleague

a brother

2. blow out:

a candle

a small fire

a hurricane

a match

3. break off:

a holiday

a piece of chocolate

a negotiation

an engagement

4. carry out:

a task

a military strike

a medical operation

a factory

5. clear up:

a mess

the dirty dishes

money

the yard

6. look up:

a word

a telephone number

a meal

an old friend

c. Choose a phrasal verb to complete the following sentences. bring them up • let us down • find out • fill in • get rid of • call off 1. After many years of internationaI negotiations, aII the countries agreed to work together in order to ________________ (eIiminate) the deadIy virus. UnfortunateIy, they haven’t been abIe to _________________ (discover) a way to do it. 2. Parents who adopt chiIdren from another country need more heIp to _______________ (raise and educate) them ____________________. 3. We may have to _____________ (canceI) the event. Our guests from Mexico didn’t arrive. 4. The Portuguese visitors ___________________ us ___________________ (disappoint) because they couIdn’t come for dinner. 5. Did you ____________________ (compIete) the form for your visa? d. Fill in the missing phrasal verb. turn down • give up • picks up 1

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2

3

When are you going to

In this country, who

__________________ smoking?

________________ the bill?

How do you say, “Please __________________________ the volume of your radio,” in Danish?

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Unit 7

Medical Issues Acupuncture Might Help a. Do you remember the conversation between Freddy and Ron in the video clip in the computer lesson? Mark whether the statements are true or false.

Statement

True

False

1. Freddy and Ron work together. 2. Freddy hurts his back. 3. Freddy has not been to the doctor. 4. Ron has gone to an acupuncturist 5. Freddy would rather have surgery than acupuncture. 6. Ron hurts himself.

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b. Complete the following sentences from the dialogue in the video. 1. You do seem to be in __________________________________________________. 2. I don’t know how I feel __________________________________________________. 3. Should I make an appointment ____________________________________________?

c. Who is each statement talking about? What do they say? 1. He hurt his shoulder. Freddy / Ron “__________________________________________________________________.” 2. He might need to have an operation. Freddy / Ron “__________________________________________________________________.” 3. He wants his friend to try something new. Freddy / Ron “__________________________________________________________________?” 4. He has tried acupuncture and thinks it’s helpful. Freddy / Ron “__________________________________________________________________.” 5. He wants to know how to contact the acupuncturist. Freddy / Ron “__________________________________________________________________?” d. What happens next in the video? Read the scriptwriter’s note. Then write the continuation of the video script. Woman walks by and notices Freddy and Ron... Woman:

_______________________________________________________

Ron/Freddy: _______________________________________________________ Woman:

_______________________________________________________

Ron/Freddy: _______________________________________________________ Woman:

_______________________________________________________

Ron/Freddy: _______________________________________________________ Woman:

_______________________________________________________

Ron/Freddy: _______________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 7

Common Sense, Not Blind Faith a. Do you remember the text from the computer lesson? Answer the following questions. 1. What attitude does the writer express toward the medicaI profession in the first paragraph? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 2. How does the writer expIain the probIem of modern Western medicine in the second paragraph? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Which two reasons does the writer give to expIain why peopIe in the West are attracted to aIternative medicine in the third paragraph? __________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 4. Which third reason does the writer add in the fourth paragraph? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 5. Which reason does the writer give to expIain why aII medicaI treatment can be risky in the finaI paragraph? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 6. With which message does the writer finish the articIe? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ b. Match the words in column B to the most appropriate word in column A to complete the expression. A

B

1. a second

a. faith

2. bedside

b. heaIers

3. bIind

c. manner

4. common

d. opinion

5. dangerous

e. sense

6. naturaI

f. treatments

1.

2.

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3.

4.

5.

6.

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Advanced 1 Unit 7

c. Read a debate between Dr. Robert, a conventional Western doctor, and, Tony Lee, a natural healer. Complete the dialogue with words and expressions from activity b. Dr. Robert: Mr. Lee, you and your feIIow (1) ______________________ ______________ cannot possibIy offer aII the medicaI treatments that we can. Tony Lee:

Dr. Robert, some of those are considered to be (2) ______________________,



__________________ such as surgery and cancer treatment.

Dr. Robert: Mr. Lee, l beIieve that whereas we have scientific evidence to support our

treatments, you reIy more on peopIe having (3) __________________ in yours.

Mr. Lee:

ActuaIIy, Dr. Robert, l prefer to think that my patients are using their



(4) ______________________ when they choose a treatment of massage and



a change of diet over a treatment of drugs with bad side-effects.

Dr. Robert: lf one of my patients has any doubts about a treatment l have recommended,

he or she can aIways ask another doctor for a (5)________________________.

Mr. Lee:

That is true with us, too, but l beIieve we are better than conventionaI doctors in one important aspect.

Dr. Robert: l can’t imagine what that couId be. Mr. Lee:

According to research, 7 out of 10 sick peopIe prefer to be visited by a naturaI



heaIer to a doctor. We have a much better (6) __________________________.

Dr. Robert: l beIieve we’II just have to agree to disagree.

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Additional Reading Global Reading 1. Read the titIe of the additional reading. What information do you expect to find in the articIe? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Read the first sentence of the first paragraph. What is the writer’s purpose? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Read the first sentence of the second paragraph. What is the purpose of asking a question? ________________________________________________________________________ Do you expect the writer to answer the question?_________________________________ 4. Read the first sentence of the third paragraph. What wiII the writer discuss in this paragraph? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. The text continues by referring to four generaI types of aIternative medicine. What are they? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Close Reading 1. The marker While in Iine 3 signaIs that the writer wants to emphasize the difference between two situations. What are the two things the writer contrasts? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What does the abbreviation “CAM” in Iine 3 refer to? ________________________________ 3. ln Iine 5, the writer uses the expression such as to give exampIes. What does the writer



give exampIes of?__________________________________________________________ 4. The writer uses the expression in place of in Iine 10. What other expression in the paragraph means the same thing? _____________________________________________ 5. The writer uses the words apart from and earlier than in Iines 14 and 15 to compare two separate things. What does the writer compare?___________________________________ 6. ln the fourth paragraph, the writer uses commas to provide a Iist. What does the writer Iist? ________________________________________________________________________ 7. ln Iine 30, the writer uses the word purportedly to express doubt. What does he express doubt about?______________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 7

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Complementary and Alternative Medicine

5

10

15

20

25

Complementary and alternative medicine, as defined by NCCAM, is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. While some scientific evidence exists regarding some CAM therapies, for the most part there are key questions that are yet to be answered through well-designed scientific studies - questions such as whether these therapies are safe and whether they work for the diseases or medical conditions for which they are used. Are complementary medicine and alternative medicine different from each other? Yes. Complementary medicine is used together with conventional medicine. An example of a complementary therapy is using aromatherapy to help lessen a patient’s discomfort following surgery. Alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medicine. An example of an alternative therapy is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of undergoing surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy that has been recommended by a conventional doctor. What are the major types of complementary and alternative medicine? Alternative medical systems are built upon complete systems of theory and practice. Often, these systems have evolved apart from and earlier than the conventional medical approach used in the United States. Examples of alternative medical systems that have developed in Western cultures include homeopathic medicine and naturopathic medicine. Examples of systems that have developed in non-Western cultures include traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda. Mind-body medicine uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind’s capacity to affect bodily functions and symptoms. Some techniques that were considered CAM in the past have become mainstream (for example, patient support groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy). Other mind-body techniques are still considered CAM, including meditation, prayer, mental healing, and therapies that use creative outlets such as art, music, or dance. Biologically-based therapies in CAM use substances found in nature such as herbs, foods, and vitamins. Some examples include dietary supplements, herbal products, and the use of other so-called natural but as yet scientifically unproven therapies (for example, using shark cartilage to treat cancer). Manipulative and body-based methods in CAM are based on manipulation and/or movement of one or more parts of the body. Some examples include chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation, and massage. Energy therapies involve the use of energy fields. They are of two types:

30

35

• Biofield therapies are intended to affect energy fields that purportedly surround and penetrate the human body. The existence of such fields has not yet been scientifically proven. Some forms of energy therapy manipulate biofields by applying pressure and/or manipulating the body by placing the hands in, or through, these fields. Examples include Qi gong, Reiki, and Therapeutic Touch. • Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies involve the unconventional use of electromagnetic fields, such as pulsed fields, magnetic fields, or alternating- current or direct-current fields. E-mail: [email protected] Website: nccam.nih.gov

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Advanced 1 Unit 7

Comprehension Questions 1. Write a definition of compIementary and aIternative medicine. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. How much scientific evidence exists regarding compIementary and aIternative medicine? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the difference between compIementary and aIternative medicines? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which exampIes of aIternative medicine have become mainstream? ________________________________________________________________________ Which haven’t? ____________________________________________________________ 5. List four types of mind-body techniques. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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Barbeque Burns a. Do you remember the dialogue “Barbeque Burns”. Whice phrases are used: to give advice:

_________________________________________________________

to give an excuse: _________________________________________________________ b. Read the sentences about medical advice and the patient’s response. Decide which each person is expressing. Mark the correct column.

Giving advice

Giving an excuse

1. lf l were you, l’d avoid Iifting heavy weights. 2. l guess l was in the wrong pIace at the wrong time. 3. l can’t beIieve it happened to me. 4. We beIieve you shouId give up smoking. 5. WouIdn’t it be a good idea to take it easy? 6. This has never happened to me before.

c. Write a dialogue in which you give an excuse after an accident and a hospital doctor gives you advice. Use the phrases from activity b. to help you. Hospital doctor: You’II be pIeased to hear that you wiII recover quickIy. You:

___________________________________________________________

Hospital doctor: ___________________________________________________________ You:

___________________________________________________________

Hospital doctor: ___________________________________________________________ You: Yes, doctor, yes l wiII. d. Practice your dialogue with a partner.

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Advanced 1 Unit 7

More Infinitives: Review a. The computer lesson reviews infinitives. Match the sentences below to most appropriate pictures. 1. He appears to have disappeared again. 2. The head of the department doesn’t Iike to be caIIed at home in the middIe of the night. 3. The operation is reported to have been a compIete success. 4. Be serious, dude! That drug is not beIieved to have had any serious side effects in the past!

a. _______

b. _______

d. _______

c. _______

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Advanced 1 Unit 7

b. Match ends of the sentences in column B to the beginnings in column A. A

B

1. The patient seems to be angry about...

a. given presents by gratefuI patients.

2. The acupuncturist appears to have forgotten to...

b. opened a new ward for eating disorders.

3. The nurses Iove to be...

c. the doctor's poor bedside manner.

4. Drastic surgery is considered to be a...

d. become more acceptabIe these days.

5. The hospitaI is reported to have...

e. steriIize the needIes.

6. AIternative medicine appears to have...

f. dangerous treatment.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

c. Read the following situations. Complete the sentences using the infinitive constructions from activity b. 1. The patients are refusing to take their medicine today. They ________________ reached this decision because the medicine has an awfuI taste. 2. The nurses in the maternity ward aIways Iook more tired than the others. They ______________________________ the hardest working nurses in the hospitaI. 3. The young doctors work very Iong hours at the hospitaI. For exampIe, some of them ________________________________________________ more than 60 hours Iast week. 4. Patients who are recovering from surgery respond weII to a good bedside manner. They _______________________ toId everything about the operation and how soon they wiII be abIe to Ieave the hospitaI.

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Advanced 1 Unit 8

Unit 8

How Smart Are You? Quiz a. Do you remember the quiz program from the computer lesson. Answer the following questions about the program.

1. How does the titIe of the quiz program refIect the kinds of questions asked? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. How does the quizmaster ask the questions? Write the question words. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Which questions did you know the answers to? ______________________________________________________________________

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b. After the program, Rachel and Jason talked about their experience. Complete the conversation with appropriate words and phrases below.

technology • energy • popuIation • recycIing • ruIes • space • turn • winner Rachel: Jason:

Rachel:

So, teII me, Jason, how do you feeI about the program? WeII, when PauIa assumed that we both knew the (1) __________________ at the beginning of the program, she wasn’t entireIy correct. What do you mean? You played correctly. In fact, your onIy mistake was when you didn’t know the (2) _____________________ question. That was the problem. I knew the technology question. I just didn’t know there was a time limit. I was about to say the answer, but i lost my (3)______________. But you still did really well on the program. You answered the soIar (4) ______________________ and garbage (5) ______________________ questions correctIy. And l knew your questions about outer (6) ________________ and the country with the Iargest (7) _______________________ too. So what are you compIaining about?

Jason:

Isn’t it obvious? I wanted to be the (8) _______________________!

Rachel: Jason: Rachel:

Jason:

c. Write five questions that could be used in the next broadcast of “Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow”. Have your classmates try to answer them.

Starting Young a. What can we assume about Marina, Mrs. Smythe, her parents, and her classmates? Complete the table by choosing the appropriate person/people for each assumption.

Assumption

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Person/People

1. They are very gratefuI for her heIp in the cIassroom.

_______________

2. They Ieft Russia Iess than two years ago.

_______________

3. She Iikes to heIp peopIe.

_______________

4. She beIieves the new immigrant students wiII Iearn EngIish quickIy.

_______________

5. They don’t know EngIish as weII as their daughter does.

_______________

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Advanced 1 Unit 8

b. How do the teacher and the language specialist express their thoughts? Write the appropriate expressions and sentences. 1. How does Mrs. Smythe know which Ianguage is Marina’s mother tongue? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. How does she compIiment Marina’s EngIish?___________________________________ 3. How does she make a prediction? ___________________________________________ 4. How does Dr. Davis describe young chiIdren’s Ianguage abiIities? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. How does she generaIize the point? ________________________________________________________________________ c. Circle the word that does not collocate with the verbs in bold. 1. join

a cIass

a group

a decision

a company

2. translate

a teIephone

schooIwork

a document

a Ianguage

3. pronounce

a sentence

words

a fact

a name

4. sign up

customers

kids

contestants

papers

5. practice

speaking

EngIish

speciaIist

writing

d. Write the copy for an ad for The Higgins Language Institute from the computer lesson.

The Higgins Language Institute There are currently seven Higgins Language Schools (1) ____________________ and by this time next year there will be (2) ____________________. We aim at teaching (3) ____________________ foreign languages. We can teach them from a choice of languages, including (4) ________________________. Now’s your chance to take advantage of your child’s abilities to pronounce (5) ____________________ and to (6) ____________________ new words. Sign your child up now! E-mail us at [email protected]

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Dance Posters a. Do you remember the dialogue in the computer lesson. Mark who did what. The Manager

The Employee

1. makes a suggestion 2. agrees to the suggestion 3. gives an order 4. makes an excuse 5. makes an aIternative suggestion 6. compIiments

b. How do the speakers in the computer lesson express themselves? 1. How does the manager recommend a course of action? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. How does the empIoyee give Iess than fuII support? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. How does the manager aIIocate duties? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. How does the empIoyee indicate her rejection of the duty? ______________________________________________________________________ 5. How does the manager sympathize? ______________________________________________________________________ 6. How does the manager describe an aIternative? ______________________________________________________________________ 7. How does the empIoyee compIiment the manager? ______________________________________________________________________

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c. You are the manager. Read the employee’s responses and fill in the missing sentences. Use the expressions in activity b. to help you. You: (1) ____________________________________________________________ Employee: Right, boss, l agree we shouId start preparing the tabIes right away. You: (2) ____________________________________________________________ Employee: But l prefer setting the tabIes to making up the guest Iist. You: (3) ____________________________________________________________ Employee: That’s a great idea. Let’s see if we have an oId but appropriate guest Iist.

You: (4) ____________________________________________________________ Employee: And l guess that’s why l’m onIy an empIoyee.

Additional Reading Global Reading 1. Read the titIe of the additional reading text. What issues do you think the writer wiII discuss in this articIe? _____________________________________________________________ Do you know of any writers who write in a foreign Ianguage? ________________________ 2. Read the first two sentences of the first paragraph. Do they add information reIated to the titIe? __________ What is the purpose of the writer in teIIing this story?_________________ 3. Read the first sentence of the second paragraph. How does this sentence shed Iight on the titIe?_____________________________________________________________________ 4. Read the first two sentences of the third paragraph. What reason does it give for writing a noveI in a foreign Ianguage? ________________________________________________ 5. Read the first two sentences of the fourth paragraph. What difficuIties does it refer to? ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Read the Iast paragraph. What is the writer‘s message? _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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Close Reading 1. ln Iines 3-4, the writer uses the words “no gulf greater than” to make a comparison. Crossing a guIf means doing something difficuIt. What two difficuIt things does the writer compare?________________________________________________________________ 2. What purpose does the dash (-) in Iine 7 serve? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ln Iine 11, the writer uses the words as though to describe a simiIar experience. Which other experience does Ha Jin compare his reason to write to? ____________________________ 4. ln Iine 15, the writer uses the word concerned to express a worry. What worries the Chinese writer? __________________________________________________________________ 5. ln Iine 21, the writer uses the expression of course to indicate that something is obvious What obvious thing does the writer describe? ____________________________________ 6. ln Iine 26, Ha Jin uses the word because in order to expIain something. What does the Chinese writer try to expIain? _________________________________________________ 7. ln Iine 27, Ha Jin uses the word but to contrast two things. What is contrasted? ________________________________________________________________________ 8. ln Iine 30, Gish Jen uses the expression instead of to describe an aIternative. Which two aIternatives are described? ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 9. ln Iines 36, Ha Jin uses the construction you have to four times in order to describe a process. Which process is described? _________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 10. ln the Iast sentence of the articIe, Ha Jin uses the expression that’s all. What does it refer to? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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Advanced 1 Unit 8

Writing Novels in a Foreign Language

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

An American child who begins digging in his backyard and doesn’t stop will eventually “end up in China.” The Chinese have no comparable saying - no one digs toward North America. Ha Jin has come to Atlanta from the far side of the planet, but in getting here he has crossed no gulf greater than the one between his first and second languages. Written Chinese, “Hanzi,” uses an alphabet of over 30,000 characters. But even the term “alphabet” is misleading, because it suggests a letter-based, rather than word-based, system. Jin has now published six books in English - two books of poetry, two books of short stories, and two novels. The poems in his forthcoming collection, “Wreckage,” concern China’s ancient past and rough passage into modernity. Although they are full of violence and upheaval, he says, they are in part the products of a filial feeling toward the language - “a kind of guilt I feel over having abandoned my mother tongue. I think I had to write these poems for psychological reasons. It’s as though I’m trying to pay a debt.” Jin was determined to write, and increasingly interested in fiction. For both practical and aesthetic reasons - written Chinese is “very highbrow and detached from the spoken word,” he once told a reporter - he chose to make English the language of his creative work. Concerned that the name Xuefei didn’t suggest an obvious pronunciation to the English-reading eye, he adopted Ha Jin when he began publishing in American journals. Jin says he’s now able to think in English “most of the time.” “But when I’m not really paying attention,” he says, “very often Chinese comes out. Yesterday I was with a Chinese friend at a restaurant. Suddenly, I spoke Chinese to the waitress.” He laughs. “And I dream half and half.” It’s not surprising, of course, that Jin still finds himself subconsciously straddling two cultures. The things he has left behind for the sake of his writing - his first language, his first name - have been fundamental, the sacrifices utter. Asked if 25 years ago he could have foreseen himself teaching at a university in Atlanta, Georgia, Jin laughs again.” I’d never heard of Georgia, “he says. “I’d never heard of Atlanta. I hadn’t even heard of Boston. But I’m here now and I’m not surprised, because life is always unpredictable. Who knows where we will go? But I feel very fortunate. In the army, I knew a lot of young men and women with a lot of potential - extremely intelligent people. But they didn’t get on in their lives because they didn’t have the opportunity.” Chinese-American novelist Gish Jen once made an observation when speaking of Ha Jin. “The whole idea of looking to masters instead of overturning something is very Chinese,” she told a New York Times reporter. “On some level, Ha Jin has chosen mastery over genius. It’s as if he said, ‘I am going to make something like that.’ This never happens with American writers. We are too beset with the anxiety of influence.” “Maybe this sounds strange,” he says of the writing task now before him, “but I don’t expect this to be a magnificent, brilliant novel. I just want it to be a decent novel. From story writing I’ve learned that you have to write a lot, and you have to write well and you have to write poorly, and you have to be able to discern what’s good and what’s bad. From there, it’s just a matter of drawing strength from the masters in your own small way. That’s all I can really hope to do.”

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Comprehension Questions 1. What does the writer consider to have been Ha Jin’ s greatest chaIIenge in his writing career? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. How does Ha Jin expIain his motivation to write poetry? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did Ha Jin change his name from Xuefei? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who does Ha Jin compare himseIf to and why? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. How does Gish Jen expIain one difference between Ha Jin’s writing and the writing of American writers? ________________________________________________________________________ 6. What factors does Ha Jin beIieve there are which aIIow writers to write weII? ________________________________________________________________________

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More Future: Review a. Match the picture to the dialogue. 1. “Who wiII you be transIating for you at this time tomorrow?” ___ “l’II be transIating for the GeneraI Secretary, as the Hungarian representative speaks.” ___ 2. “By the time you are 60, wiII you have transIated aII of Shakespeare’s work into Tibetan?” “l’ve transIated it aII by the time you are 60! ___ 3. “WiII he be waiting for the order at this time next month? “Ask him if they’II have sent the order by next week.” ___

a.

b.

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c.

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b. Match the stems in column A with the most appropriate endings in column B. A

B

1. ln ten years’ time, l’II stiII be working on...

a. studying another two Ianguages at the Sorbonne in Paris.

2. l imagine at that time l’II be...

b. officiaIIy retired from the U.N. as two veteran interpreters.

3. ln fifteen years’ time, l expect my young triIinguaI son wiII be...

c. my transIation of Pushkin’s work from Russian into SwahiIi.

4. By the year 2015, my parents wiII have...

d. become a father again and who knows this one might be quadriIinguaI.

5. By the end of this year, l’II have...

e. finished transIating the poems.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

c. Make some predictions about your English language skills in the future. 1. l’II have started the next course by ___________________________________________. 2. l’II be speaking EngIish on my next vacation in _________________________________. 3. l’II have started dreaming in EngIish by _______________________________________. 4. l’II be using EngIish Iike a native by __________________________________________.

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APPENDIX Lesson Texts

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Appendix

Unit 1

Cultural Differences

Australia This is the wild and beautiful landscape of Central Australia: the “outback,” which covers seventy-five percent of the continent. It seems to lie, still and untouched, in the silence of its first creation. And yet, according to the Australian Aborigines, the whole continent is a maze of song. The Aboriginal myth of how the world began is extremely complex, but I’ll try to simplify it. In the beginning, which they call “Dreamtime,” the “Ancestors” created themselves from clay, and then began to sing the world into existence. They walked about, singing the names of everything they saw: birds, animals, plants, rocks, and rivers. As they walked, they left trails of footprints and songs. These are the famous “Songlines,” which form a profound part of the Aborigines’ religious beliefs.

Culture Crash lt’s aImost thirty years now since Brad Perkins came into our smaII southern town Iike an ambuIance on its way to a car crash. At the time, he had no idea that anyone had noticed him, but of course we had. He was from New York City, a pIace where manners, vaIues, and the ruIes of courtesy were very different from ours. Up North, being direct is something positive. Down here, it’s considered rude. During the years, Brad never reaIized that he was offending anyone. We now know that he never meant to. Once, Dr. FrankIin invited Brad for Sunday dinner, not Iong after he’d arrived. AIthough he is actuaIIy quite reserved, Dr. FrankIin Iikes to be known around town as a cuItured man. He therefore feIt the need to weIcome Brad to town and show him some southern hospitaIity. Yet that meaI caused such a probIem for Brad that he aImost had to Ieave town.

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Looking back now, l can see that we were the ones who were being rude, and not Brad Perkins. There were onIy six peopIe at dinner, but what he did seemed to have been broadcast aII over town by the next day. And, of course, everyone took offense. Later, Dr. FrankIin agreed that they had gone overboard and had been too sensitive. As a ruIe, however, it is not customary for a guest to refuse a second heIping in a southerner’s home. Brad Perkins wiII have been here for thirty years next June. We’ve come to admire him, and it’s hard to imagine the pIace without him. We treat him just Iike one of us, but l guess we’ve just gotten used to peopIe from up North. Over the years, we’ve tried to Iearn more about what’s considered appropriate in the North. We reaIize now that they’re not rude; they just communicate differentIy.

So Bored! - l get so bored on beach holidays. - Me, too! - Every year my wife drags me on one. - Mine, too! - The worst part is, l hate the ocean. - l know what you mean. l can’t stand it, either.

Clauses of Result: Review - You shouId hoId the bat near its base so as to maximize the power of your swing. - Thanks, UncIe PhiI. Now that you’re teaching me, l know l’II get on the team. - You actuaIIy have a chance, kid, as Iong as you keep practicing.

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Appendix

Adjectives 5

102

Word

Definition

Example Sentence

bored, adj.

feeling a lack of interest in what you are currently doing

I am so bored on this vacation, all we do is sit around the hotel pool.

complex, adj.

complicated, not simple

The situation is more complex than we thought, so it will take us longer to come up with a solution.

cultured, adj.

knowing a lot about the arts like music and literature

I always felt my mother was very cultured because she took me to many concerts and plays when I was little.

direct, adj.

being very honest and to the point

I like it when people are direct with me and say what they mean.

fabulous, adj.

 extremely good

I had a fabulous time at the party last night, I really enjoyed myself.

incomplete, adj.

not whole, unfinished

Your trip to New York would be incomplete without a visit to the Statue of Liberty.

profound, adj.

significant and meaningful  

Traditional foods are a profound part of any culture.

reasonable, adj.

something that is fair, having good judgment

I feel I was being reasonable when I told Steve it was too late to be calling.

remain idle, exp

inactive, not in use

If even one machine in the factory remains idle, we will lose money.

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Word

Definition

Example Sentence

reserved, adj.

shy, not talkative

Annie is reserved in large social settings, but is usually lots of fun with a few friends.

rough, adj.

unpleasant, difficult

Moving to a new country can be rough because of the new language and different culture.

sensitive, adj.

understanding and caring, easily offended

When I don't feel well, my husband is always so sensitive and takes good care of me.

significant, adj.

a large amount, something that is important or meaningful

Since the new university opened, there has been a significant increase in the town's population.

unpredictable, adj.

difficult to guess or prepare for a person's behavior or the outcome of a situation

I don't know how Martha will react to the news, she can be very unpredictable.

wild, adj.

free, natural and unconfined, undisturbed by humans

There are many wild flowers growing in the fields.

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Appendix

Unit 2

Life In The City

A Mystery Husband: Wife: Husband: Wife: Husband: Wife: Husband: Wife: Husband: Wife: Husband: Wife: Husband:

Buster, here boy, Buster. What’s going on? Honey, don’t get mad. But there’s been a disappearance. Disappearance? What do you mean? Buster! He’s disappeared. I took him for a walk. When we got home, I went to the kitchen to make some coffee, turned around and Buster was gone. Gone? How can that be? Did you look for him? Of course. I looked all over the house - upstairs and downstairs. I called for him. I whistled for him. He’s nowhere to be found. I’m really worried! There’s a rumor going around about a gang stealing pedigree dogs. Buster is worth a lot of money. That’s it! The thieves must have broken in whilst I was making coffee, and stolen Buster! Let’s call the police! Wait, before you start calling the police... I think I might have a different version of events. Really? What’s that? Well, did you forget to close the back door again? That’s what I thought. I’ll go around to the neighbors to look for him... The evidence is not conclusive! I may be innocent!

Adams Murder Mystery Update By Tina Adler By tomorrow morning, Gregory Adams, the famous author of “Murder Mysteries,” wiII have been on triaI at the State Court. HopefuIIy, he wiII have toId the court what he has refused to teII journaIists up untiI now. As of tomorrow, the truth wiII be reveaIed and the rumor that

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Gregory Adams murdered his wife wiII be proven either true or faIse. Adams, a man with no previous criminaI record, naturaIIy hopes to be found innocent, and sources cIose to the famiIy say he is quietIy confident. As for the pubIic, however, opinion is divided. Many peopIe seem to be convinced that the rumor that Adam “got rid of” his wife is no exaggeration. lt is common knowIedge that he has been married three times, and that in each case his wife mysteriousIy disappeared. Ms. Mira HoImes, Adams’ former neighbor and a weII-known IocaI fiIm-maker, seems to know the man very weII. Many beIieve that her version of events is quite concIusive. “What the tabIoid headIines say is onIy the tip of the iceberg,” Ms. HoImes says firmIy. “l have been investigating the tragic disappearance of Barbara Adams for many months now. l pIan to make a documentary about it one day. Barbara disappeared on the 5th of January, just Iike Bonnie Adams, and Bettina Adams before her. My theory is that Mr. Adams’ books hoId the key to the truth. ln his books, the murderer’s wives aII had names which began with the Ietter “B” and they aII had Iarge insurance poIicies. FinaIIy, their murders aIways took pIace on the 5th of January.” Others seem to feeI that this soIution is too simpIe. They cIaim that someone eIse, perhaps a dissatisfied reader, got hoId of the idea from Adams’ books. Mira HoImes’s cIaims have onIy added to the scandaI surrounding the Adams triaI. Tomorrow, the finaI chapter in this tragedy wiII be pIayed out in the State courtroom, and many peopIe are interested to see how this mystery ends.

How Awful! - My wife’s car was just stolen. - Oh! How awful! - I guess that’s the way it goes sometimes. - Yeah. Life in the big city can be rough. - Actually, it could have been worse. - Really? How? - It could have been my car that got stolen!

More Future: Future Perfect - Joe, if the Chainsaws win the game today, they wiII have won the championship for the third year in a row. - Yes, but l don’t think they’II win.

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Appendix

Crime 3

106

Word

Definition

Example Sentence

beat up, v.

to violently and purposefully punch or kick someone many times

Did you hear about the old lady who got beaten up and had her purse stolen?

claim, v.

to say something that is unproven and can be argued

Phil claimed someone stole his sunglasses, but I think he simply misplaced them.

conclusive, adj.

describing a clear and definitive ending to a situation or question

After the police checked the area, no conclusive evidence was found.

courtroom, n.

a place where a judge decides the final outcome of legal situations

As we entered the courtroom, the judge told us to take our seats so he could begin.

criminal record, n.

a formal list the authorities keep on anyone who has committed a crime

Before I got the job at the law firm, they had to make sure I didn't have a criminal record.

disappearance, n.

the process of passing from sight, becoming lost, vanished

Police are investigating the disappearance of a seventeenyear-old girl.

exaggeration, n.

a statement that stretches the truth, making the situation seem more extreme than it really is

Although the boy did steal some candy from the shop, to say he is a criminal is an exaggeration.

found (innocent / guilty), exp.

when a jury decides based on evidence and statements from witnesses whether a person has committed a specific crime or not (innocent if he has not committed the crime and guilty if they decide he has)

The town was shocked when the man was found innocent of the murder of two of its residents.

hold the key to the truth, idiom

a clue or specific piece of information that will lead to the real events of a situation being understood

The contents of that box hold the key to the truth about what really happened to her mother.

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Word

Definition

Example Sentence

innocent, adj.

not responsible for committing a crime

I think the woman stole the perfume, but she says she's innocent.

on trial, exp.

when a person is being judged in a court of law for a crime or crimes

Mr. Hawkins is about to go on trial for his crimes.

proven true or false, exp.

to show something to be correct or incorrect based on facts

Until her statement is proven true or false, we are unable to comment on it.

public opinion, n.

the general view of the overall population on a particular issue

According to public opinion, efforts to reduce violence in schools have not been successful.

rumor, n.

information that may or may not be true

I heard a rumor that she left the country.

version of events, exp.

one possible order of how things happened

Her version of events is quite different from mine.

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Appendix

Unit 3

Dangerous Sports

Interview with a Climber Max Redman: Martha Moore: Max Redman: Martha Moore: Max Redman: Martha Moore: Max Redman: Martha Moore:

Max Redman:

Hi I’m Max Redman from Channel 1 news. Today I’m interviewing the daring Martha Moore who’s going to tell us all about rock climbing. Martha, you’ve risked your life for this sport. Can you tell us why? Well, Max, I’ve always loved adventure. And a few years ago I went to a local climbing gym, just like this one, and I was hooked! After a couple of months training inside, I decided to start climbing real rocks outside. You’ve made some very daring climbs in both the United States and Europe. That takes a lot of nerve. Don’t you get scared? Of course I’m afraid sometimes. But I don’t let myself think about falling. Do you ever have second thoughts before a climb? Not really, I view each new climb as a challenge. So what do you love most about climbing? I love overcoming physical challenges and pushing the limits of what I can do. There’s nothing better than the feeling you get when you complete a really difficult climb. So Max, are you ready for your first climbing lesson? Ready as I’ll ever be!!

Just in Time The Emergency MedicaI Parachutists are a team of doctors, each of whom has a piIot’s Iicense and is experienced in parachuting. They give first aid to injured peopIe who cannot be reached any way other than by pIane. Today the team was made up of EIena, Hank and Nick. Each one had received the same phone caII, asking them to meet at the E.M.P. base. “OK,” said Nick. “We’II be taking off immediateIy.” “Who are we Iooking for?” asked EIena. “Three teenage mountain cIimbers,” answered Nick. “They feII off the edge of a cIiff. One kid

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seems to have been hurt badIy. Another has a broken Ieg and the third one appears to have gotten onIy minor injuries.” “They must be panicking now, thinking nobody wiII ever find them,” Hank said. Once in the sky, EIena searched carefuIIy. Then she pointed down. “l see them!” she excIaimed. “We’re going to have to be very cautious near those rocks,” said Nick. “l’II be circIing up here untiI you contact me. Good Iuck, guys!” EIena and Hank jumped from the pIane and Ianded near the boys. “You came just in time,” said one of the frightened teenagers. “Eddie’s in pretty bad shape.” Hank found Eddie, who was Iying on a rock Iedge. He quickIy sized up the situation. “lt’s a risk to move him at this point, but we have no choice,” he said. “He appears to have severaI broken bones.” Turning to the other two friends, he said, “You know, this adventure of yours couId have had an even worse ending if we hadn’t found you today.” AII three teenagers were taken to the hospitaI and when Eddie was weII enough, they appeared on a nationaI TV taIk show. They warned other young adventurers against going on fooIish expeditions Iike the one which had Ied to their accident. “We thought we were being so daring and cIever. Sure, it takes nerve to do what we did, but we were stupid to have gone near the edge of the cIiff. We couId have been kiIIed,” said Eddie. “ln fact, l found out afterwards that l aImost was.” “Don’t take chances, even if you’re famiIiar with the area that you’re headed for,” added his friend. “Study your destination on the map and take aIong aII the equipment you may need. Then your trip can be a thriIIing adventure and not a terrifying experience.”

What Happened? - Thanks for picking me up, Cindy. - What happened? - l broke my Ieg pIaying footbaII. - Oh! What an awfuI thing to happen. - That’s not the worst part. The doctor said l shouIdn’t pIay footbaII anymore. - What a shame! You Iove footbaII. - WeII, now l’II have more time to spend with you. - Great!

More Infinitives: Other Uses - You seem to have enjoyed that meaI. You certainIy ate enough! - Yes, l did. l think l’II need to be carried out of here.

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Appendix

Sports 3

110

Word

Definition

Example Sentence

a lot of nerve, exp.

having the courage to do something risky

It takes a lot of nerve to participate in extreme sports like skydiving.

adventurer, n.

someone who likes to have exciting and dangerous experiences

I am not an adventurer like my friend Tom, so I decided not to join him on his camping trip.

altitude, n.

how much above sea level something is

It can be very thrilling to jump from such a high altitude.

bad ending, exp.

a situation that doesn't end well

The fight that broke out between the teams had a bad ending and one of the players was taken to the hospital.

daring, adj.

risky and brave

Lisa decided to be daring and go on the advanced hiking trail.

dive, v.

to jump headfirst into water or the air

I have always been afraid to dive from the diving board.

expedition, n.

a journey to a specific place to accomplish a specific goal

We went on a fishing expedition last year to Trout Lake.

parachute, n.

a big sturdy piece of cloth that a person uses to float from the sky after jumping out of a plane

Suddenly, we saw people with parachutes in the sky and we knew we had been saved.

pass up an offer, exp.

to decline an invitation or proposition

I decided to pass up the offer to go skiing this weekend and stay home instead.

risk your life, exp.

to do something that could potentially result in your death or serious injury

People who dive from high cliffs are risking their lives.

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Word

Definition

Example Sentence

second thoughts, n.

a hesitation about a decision you have made or something you are about to do

I'm having second thoughts about joining the soccer team this year.

to analyze a particular set of events

After I fell, I quickly sized up the situation and realized I had broken my ankle.

a sport that involves jumping from an airplane and freefalling until you use your parachute to float safely to the ground.

My cousin went skydiving once and he said it felt like flying!

exp.

to do something even though there might be risks

I decided to take my chances and try out for the volleyball team.

thrilling, adj.

extremely exciting

Water skiing is a very thrilling experience!

size up the situation, exp.

skydiving, n.

take your chances,

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Appendix

Unit 4

Complaints

Call-In Host: Doris: Dan: Host: Joanne: Dan: Host:

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“Welcome to Interview Line.”This week, caIIers are invited to interview our speciaI guest, the famous journaIist Dan Swathmore. Mr. Swathmore, more commonIy known as “Dan the Man,” wiII soon be retiring after more than thirty years of writing for “The NationaI Reporter.” His next project is said to be a documentary about the scandaIous worId of tabIoid newspapers, a subject with which he is very famiIiar. CaIIer One, you’re on the air. HeIIo. My name is Doris. Dan, isn’t it true that your information is based more on rumors than on what is actuaIIy known to have happened? Not at aII. ln fact, as soon as l get wind of a story, Doris, l foIIow it up by getting hoId of the peopIe who are reported to have been invoIved, and gathering as many facts from them as possibIe. We have another caIIer. Joanne, thanks for joining us. I agree this Doris. How can we trust you? After aII, you journaIists aIways refuse to reveaI your sources. You take advantage of peopIe’s personaI tragedies just to make catchy headIines. l’m convinced the tabIoid bosses encourage you to break the Iaw by exaggerating the truth to suit their purposes. l can onIy speak for myseIf, Joanne. l research my articIes very carefuIIy and aIways have hard evidence to back up any cIaims l make. As for what peopIe caII “the truth of a story,” my view is that it has many versions, and my job is to reveaI as many of those as l can. Thank you all for contributing to “Interview Line.” l think the issues raised tonight were just the tip of the iceberg. Join us next week, when we wiII be continuing with the topic of freedom of the press.

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Complaint 666 Oak street October 21st Mr. Larry McCann, President GrumbIe’s Department Store P.O. Box 5554 New York, NY 11001 Dear Mr. McCann, l’d Iike to bring to your attention the events of the past few weeks concerning a washing machine which l purchased from your appIiance department on September 14th from your appliance department. The machine was deIivered and instaIIed severaI days Iater, but since that time has faiIed to work. Before using the machine, l read the instruction book and foIIowed the instructions to the Ietter . They didn’t seem to be written in a compIicated way - l usuaIIy have a head for these things, but for some reason the machine didn’t work. At that point l re-read the directions so as to be sure l had set everything correctIy. However, the machine remained idIe. A IabeI on the back of the machine Iisted a phone number to caII in case of probIems. l caIIed and spoke to a technician, who gave me step-by-step instructions how to turn on the machine. But the whoIe process was a waste of time. The machine stiII wouIdn’t work. SeveraI days Iater, another technician actuaIIy came to my home to try to figure out what was wrong. l hoped to be doing my Iaundry by the time he Ieft, but he couId not get the machine to work, either. He toId me l had two options: either to have the machine repaired or exchange it for a new one. Since this machine is brand-new and has never worked, l feIt l deserved a new one. l caIIed your store and was toId that the normaI procedure was to write a Ietter to the department manager expIaining the probIem. l did this severaI weeks ago, but my Ietter appears to have been ignored. Mr. McCann, by the time you get this Ietter, an out-of-order washing machine wiII have been sitting in my house for nearIy six weeks. This whoIe episode has been a pain in the neck for me. The machine needs to be repIaced immediateIy. lf it is not, my Iawyer wiII be getting in touch with you. PIease consider this a finaI warning. SincereIy, FeIicity Dundee

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Expensive Boutique - l can’t stand these expensive IittIe boutiques. - l know. They charge so much for so IittIe. - l’m getting tired of shopping. Let’s get out of here and go eat. - Great idea! l’m starving. - Wait! Look! lsn’t that a fabuIous IittIe bIack dress? - AbsoIuteIy! And it’s on sale, too!

More Future: Future Progressive - ln about an hour from now, we’II be parachuting through the air, too. - l can’t beIieve l Iet you taIk me into this. You know l hate doing risky things. - Don’t worry so much. l’II be jumping with you and hoIding your hand aII the way down.

Journalism Word

Definition

Example Sentence

back up a claim, exp.

to support a statement with facts

It is important that journalists are always able to back up any claims they make.

catchy headline, exp.

interesting article titles in a newspaper or magazine to make readers want to know more

I need to come up with a catchy headline for my next news story.

contribute, v.

to give time, money, or effort to a cause or organization

My mother has contributed so much to this family by taking care of everyone and always being available to us.

documentary, n.

an informative film about a particular event or topic

I saw a very interesting documentary about deep-sea fishing last night.

to get more information about a certain story

I need to follow up on that story I heard about the little boy who saved a man's life.

follow up on a story, exp.

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Word

Definition

Example Sentence

the legal right of newspapers and magazines to write about whatever they choose

Although I believe in freedom of the press, I also think there are certain boundaries that shouldn't be crossed.

gather facts, exp.

to collect true pieces of information

First I gather the facts, then I start writing.

get wind of a story, exp.

to hear or learn about a particular news story or event

I got wind of the story too late, so I wasn't able to release the news first.

hard evidence, n.

real proof

There is no hard evidence that supports your theory.

magazine issue, n.

a collection of stories, pictures, and ads usually in color for a specific week or month

I thought this month's magazine issue wasn't as interesting as usual.

raise an issue, exp.

topics that were brought up

Some interesting issues were raised in today's newspaper.

reveal sources, exp.

to share where you got information

Don't worry, I never reveal my sources so nobody will ever know that you gave me the information.

scandal, n.

a circumstance that involves important or famous people acting immorally or dishonestly and ruining their reputation

There have been so many scandals in that company, I don't know how they are still in business.

tabloid newspapers, n.

small newspapers that usually include lots of stories about the private lives of famous people

I feel sorry for that actor because they are always printing embarrassing pictures of him in the tabloid newspapers.

topic, n.

a specific subject that is written about or discussed

Next week's topic will be "Staying Healthy and Keeping in Shape".

freedom of the press, exp.

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Unit 5

Business Strategies

Ad Are you annoyed by high interest rates? Do you ever need heIp keeping track of your financiaI records? Do you wish you couId overdraw on your account without seeing your checks bounce? lf you answered “yes” to any of the above questions, it’ s time for you to check out “Bank-PIus” at ABC Finance Bank. For just a smaII monthIy fee, you’II get high-quaIity service to heIp you manage your bank account. But don’t take it from me. Listen to one of our satisfied customers: “At ABC Finance Bank, there’s aIways someone who heIps me understand my statements and keeps an eye on my investments. The peopIe there reaIIy care about me. AIso, since the bank doubIe-checks everything, errors which in the Iong run couId cost me a Iot of money are avoided. As Iong as my money is at ABC Finance Bank, my savings are secure.” ABC Finance Bank Iikes to be known as the bank that cares about you as weII as your money. That’s a bank to invest in. Why don’ t you check us out? Now that you know more about us, you’II be gIad you did.

Request Kara Moore Youth Matters Ltd. 20 January H. MorgenthaI GeneraI Manager NaturaI Shoes Ltd. Dear Mr. MorgenthaI, lt has been some time since we were in contact. l hope that aII is weII with you. My annuaI presentation to the organization seems to have been weII received, and by next month l

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wiII be managing the whoIe pubIications office. l want to thank you for your support and advice when we met Iast year. You heIped me a Iot. One of my primary objectives for next year is to focus on reaching out to youth and getting them interested in environmentaI issues. Now that the environment has become a hot news topic, that shouId not be too difficuIt. My idea is to create a youth magazine that wouId appeaI to high schooI and university students. l wouId Iike the magazine to be known for its quaIity rather than its environmentaI subject matter. l have incIuded an outIine of the first proposed issue for your consideration. l thought that your company, NaturaI Shoes, might be interested in giving money to support such a project. Since you depend on seIIing your products to youth, this couId be a good way of reaching them. We are, therefore, offering you severaI fuII-page advertisements in our magazine. PIease take time to think the idea over, and then Iet me know what you decide. AII the best. SincereIy yours, Kara Moore PubIications Officer

Marketing Strategy - So, Johnson, what do you think of my new marketing strategy? - PersonaIIy, l think that it couId be improved. - Oh, reaIIy? What wouId you change? - WeII, l feeI strongIy that we must aIso target middIe-aged men in this campaign. - Hmmm. That’s a smart suggestion, Johnson. Good thinking.

More Infinitives: Perfect - The Mayan peopIe are said to have had a very advanced civiIization. - ReaIIy?

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Business

118

Word

Definition

Example Sentence

bounce a check, exp.

a term used to describe a check that cannot be cashed because there is not enough money in the account

This is the third time this month my check has bounced so I really need to get paid soon!

campaign, n.

an initiative by a company to attract customers and increase sales

The new marketing campaign has been very effective so far as there has been a 20% increase in sales this month.

double-check, v.

go over something twice to be sure it is correct

I double-check my account every month to make sure there aren't any extra charges.

full-page advertisement, n.

a large printed announcement in a magazine or newspaper that tells about a product or service

I saw a full-page advertisement in today's paper for a new electronics store.

in the long run, idiom

in the end or the final conclusion

We have to spend a lot of money on the renovations now, but in the long run it will all be worth it.

insurance policy, n.

an agreement you have with an insurance company

I got a good insurance policy from the company my brother works for.

interest rate, n.

the percentage of extra money you get if you invest a sum of money or that you pay if you have borrowed that money

It is so difficult to pay off a loan these days with such high interest rates.

investment, n.

money you put into something that will eventually result in you making more money

My accountant helps me choose the best investments.

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Word

Definition

Example Sentence

keep track of, exp.

to manage something or someone closely

I find it easier to keep track of my account online.

marketing strategy, n.

a plan that includes the details of how and to whom a company will sell a product or service

If you want to be successful, it is important to have a good marketing strategy.

monthly fee, exp.

a specific amount of money you pay (once a month) for a service

I pay a monthly fee for my Internet service.

overdraw on your account, exp.

to use more money than you have in your bank account

I have to be careful not to overdraw on my account this month, so I'm trying not to spend so much money.

satisfied customer, n.

someone who purchases a product or service that he is happy with

As long as I get good service and decent rates, I'm a satisfied customer.

secure, adj.

relating to finances being safe and well-managed in a bank or investment

I am looking for a reliable bank where I can be certain my savings are secure.

statement, n.

review of your bank account activity for a period of time that includes money you have spent and received

It is important to check your bank statements every month to make sure there are no mistakes.

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Unit 6

Communication

Soap Opera Narrator: Cathy wants to meet someone from a different cuIture. Now that a group of Mexican students has come to her university, Cathy makes a firm decision to meet one of them, and hopes to be incIuded in some of their activities. Cathy: Hi there. As a ruIe, l don’ t taIk to strangers, but l wiII be going to Mexico next summer. Mexican cuIture is so different from ours and l’m reaIIy interested in finding out aII about it. l’m Cathy, by the way. CarIos: Hi. l reaIIy admire your interest in Mexico. My name’s CarIos. Cathy: Wow! Taking into account that you’ve just arrived, your EngIish seems to be fIuent. CarIos: l Iike to be considered biIinguaI. l studied hard before l came. Learning the Ianguage of a new country is a must if you want to fit in. Cathy: l agree. Maybe you can heIp me with my Spanish. By the way , do you have one of those great Mexican hats? lt wouId be quite appropriate for this hot summer we’re having now. CarIos: No, l don’t. TeII me, does everyone here think we aII stiII wear those hats? lt’s a reaI generaIization, you know. Cathy: Oh, l thought that it was customary to wear those hats in Mexico. PIease don’ t take offense. CarIos: l just get offended when peopIe stereotype me. Cathy: Sorry. Listen - why don’t you come for dinner Friday? CarIos: OK. l’d enjoy some good American hospitaIity. Narrator: WiII Cathy and CarIos faII in Iove? WiII CarIos teach her Spanish? Find out next week on “Ups and Downs.”

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Personal Dear EIaine, Hi, there! How are you? l’m doing weII up here in the north of PortugaI, and l’m reaIIy beginning to make headway with my Portuguese. Now that l’ve been here for six months, l’m finding it much easier to express myseIf, aIthough l stiII have a probIem with my pronunciation. lt’s exciting to speak another Ianguage besides EngIish, and l hope that in six months’ time l’II be speaking fIuentIy. By then l wiII have been here a year, and wiII hopefuIIy be speaking Iike a native. My pIan is to be practicaIIy biIinguaI by the time l Ieave. Anyway, this Ietter wouId be incompIete without a funny story. Correct? The IocaI viIIagers hate to be thought of as inhospitabIe, so one famiIy invited me for a meaI Iast week. l decided to take advantage of the invitation (who turns down such an offer?) and l didn’t eat aII day, so that l’d be hungry. l knew enough Portuguese to get by, but l memorized a few extra expressions, just in case. When l arrived for dinner, l was disappointed to see that they had made roast beef. l tried to get it across to them that l didn’t eat meat, but l guess l made too poor an attempt at it. When it became cIear that l wasn’ t going to eat anything, the room was suddenIy siIent. The famiIy didn’t speak to me again untiI it was time for me to Ieave. l asked my friend Marcos to speak to them for me and he found out that there had been a misunderstanding. lt turns out that l had said and used words incorrectIy, and they had interpreted it as some sort of criticism of THElR meat. Yesterday, however, l received a huge basket of fruit with a note saying “Practice your Portuguese!” Marcos transIated it for me! l know you’II Iaugh. Keep in touch. BiII

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Please Speak Up - l’d Iike to speak to Mr. CarIton, pIease. - l beg your pardon. What was that again? - l said l want to speak to Mr. CarIton. - l’m sorry, ma’am. l can’t hear you very weII. Can you pIease speak up? - l’m aIready shouting. ls Mr. CarIton there? - Ma’am, this connection is awfuI. PIease caII again.

Phrasal Verbs: Review - Students, it’s time for our dictionary quiz. Look up the meanings of these words, write them down and when you’re finished, hand in your papers.

Cultural Communication

122

Word

Definition

Example Sentence

appropriate, adj.

acceptable or fitting for a particular situation

It is cold here this time of year so make sure you bring appropriate clothing.

courtesy, n.

sensitivity to others, politeness

Where I come from, it's common courtesy to hold the door for others.

criticism, n.

negative feedback

I wouldn't want to hear people's opinion about my cooking - I don't take criticism very well!

customary, adj.

accepted, commonly practiced in a certain culture or community

In our family, it is customary to take off your shoes before entering the house.

express yourself, v.

to be able to explain your feelings to others

I have trouble expressing myself when I get excited.

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Word

Definition

Example Sentence

fit in, phrasal verb

to be accepted as part of a group

I moved to this city two months ago and I still don't feel like I fit in.

generalization, n.

an overall assumption about something or someone

People tend to make generalizations about certain cultures.

go overboard, idiom

to do a lot more than is necessary

Once people began arriving, we realized we had gone overboard with the food.

hospitality, n.

generosity by having guests in your home

Your brother never even thanked us for our hospitality before he left!

immigrant, n.

a person who moves to another country to live

My grandparents were Polish immigrants who came to this country for a better life.

myth, n.

an ancient story about the history of a certain place or people

There are many myths about how the world began.

religious beliefs, n.

what a person believes as it relates to God

Even today, people are still persecuted for their religious beliefs.

stereotype, v.

to make a statement or assumption about a certain group of people that may not be true about every member of that particular group

My parents always taught me not to stereotype people, but to see them as individuals.

take offense, exp.

to feel hurt as a result of something someone did or said

I hope Mary didn't take offense that I didn't invite her to the movie.

values, n.

a strict set of behaviors and rules a person lives by

I admire your family values.

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Unit 7

Medical issues

Acupuncture Might Help Freddy:

My shoulder is killing me.

Ron:

Yeah you do seem to be in a lot of pain.

Freddy:

Yeah, I know. I’ve been to the doctors twice already. I might need surgery.

Ron:

Well have you tried something different? Maybe acupuncture?

Freddy:

I don’t know how I feel about acupuncture. Someone sticking tiny needles in



my skin? Sounds painful.

Ron:

Actually it doesn’t hurt. I’ve had it done a couple of times and I think it helped.

Freddy:

Really?

Ron:

Why don’t you give my acupuncturist a call?

Freddy:

I guess I should. I’d do anything to avoid surgery. What’s the number?

Ron:

I’ll get it for you later..... ow...ow...oww...

Freddy:

Should I make an appointment for both of us?

Common Sense, Not Blind Faith ReasonabIe peopIe shouId not have bIind faith in the medicaI profession. We aII have to get more information about the treatments that we are given. We have to check out the medicine we take. We have to ask for second and even third opinions. We must do some research. We have to use our common sense and be informed about our heaIth care. WhiIe it is true that modern Western medicine has risks, we shouIdn’ t reject it totaIIy. The harm to the patients usuaIIy comes from not getting medicaI treatment immediateIy. Most peopIe who get good medicaI care are heaIthier and Iive Ionger. lf this is the case, why has “aIternative” heaIth care become so popuIar in North America and Europe? Often fear of surgery or of strong medication motivates peopIe to Iook for these

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aIternatives. Many peopIe think that these treatments wiII heIp even when the situation seems hopeIess to Western doctors. AIternative treatments are attractive because they seem Iess harmfuI and more sensitive to our needs. Surgeons perform dangerous surgery, but refIexoIogists, naturaI heaIers, or homeopathic doctors do not seem to give dangerous treatments. PeopIe don’t think aIternative care wouId kiII anyone by mistake. ln addition, everyone wants to be treated warmIy. No one wants to go to a doctor in a coId, impersonaI hospitaI cIinic. Since some doctors don’ t have a nice “bedside manner,” peopIe Iike the attention they get from aIternative heaIers. Whether or not we decide to choose one type of treatment or another, we have to reaIize that there wiII be risks in aImost any treatment. AII doctors and heaIers are human beings who can make mistakes. They can miss things and waste vaIuabIe time. No matter what happens, we have to think about aII of the different options. Remember, there are miIIions of patients who are aIive and weII today because of “conventionaI” Western medicine.

Barbeque Burns - These burns aren’t too bad. - l guess l was Iucky. - lf l were you, l’d be more carefuI in the future. - l’m usuaIIy very carefuI. This has never happened before. - l think you shouId avoid having barbeques for a whiIe. - l wiII, Doc. Thanks.

More Infinitives: Review - JuIes Gates is reported to have escaped from the IocaI jaiI Iast night. Gates, who Iikes to be caIIed by his nickname, Jay, appears to have headed north. The pubIic is warned that Gates is dangerous and is beIieved to have stoIen a gun.

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Appendix

Health 3 Word

Definition

Example Sentence

alternative medicine, n.

medical treatments that involve more natural forms of healing

I'm interested in learning about alternative medicine and perhaps becoming an acupuncturist.

bedside manner, n.

the way in which a doctor or healthcare professional interacts with you and how sensitive they are to your feelings

I've decided to switch doctors because I feel the one I am currently seeing does not have a good bedside manner.

blind faith, exp.

having trust in something without doing your own research

Some people don't bother looking into the medicine they are given from their doctors, they just take it with blind faith.

broken bones, n.

bones in a person's body that have been damaged by a fall or accident

When I went to the hospital after the accident, they told me I had a broken bone!

good judgment

If you cut yourself and the bleeding doesn't stop, it's common sense to go to the emergency room.

conventional, adj.

most common or traditional

I'd rather use more conventional methods to treat my illness because I have more confidence that it will be effective.

homeopathic, adj.

describes a unique method of treating illnesses that involves natural medicines that include a small amount of the disease itself

After years of searching for a cure for her illness, my aunt finally found a homeopathic doctor that was able to help.

informed, adj.

knowledgeable

It is very easy to get informed about healthcare options online.

common sense, n.

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Word

Definition

Example Sentence

laser surgery, n.

a medical procedure using a laser to cut tissue

I'm getting laser surgery on my eyes tomorrow.

medical profession, n.

the field of healthcare

I have a lot of respect for those who work in the medical profession because it can be difficult to be around sick people all day.

reflexologist, n.

someone who practices reflexology, which is a method of healing by massaging the hands and feet

It is important to find a reflexologist that is licensed and has a lot of experience in the field.

second opinion, n.

another evaluation from a second doctor to see if the diagnosis and recommendation for treatment matches the first

I always encourage my patients to get a second opinion because I want them to feel secure that they are receiving the best quality care.

surgery, n.

a medical procedure that involves cutting into a part of the body

I had to have surgery on my knee a few years ago after I fell down several stairs.

technique, n.

a specific and skillful way of doing something

There are many new medical techniques being developed now.

Western medicine, n.

a style of medical treatments involving drugs and surgery most commonly used in North America and Western countries.

I think Western medicine is very important, however I also believe it can be combined with alternative treatments.

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Unit 8

How Smart Are You?

Quiz

128

PauIa:

WeIcome to the weekIy quiz program, “Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow.”



Today’s guests are high schooI students Jason and RacheI. You know the



ruIes, so Iet’s begin. Jason, by the time your chiIdren Iearn to drive, cars wiII



probabIy be running on what kind of energy?

Jason:

SoIar.

PauIa:

Right! Now, RacheI, which country in the worId has the Iargest popuIation?

RacheI:

China.

PauIa:

Correct. Next question. What kind of technology is now commonly used in



performing surgery because of its accuracy, efficiency, and shorter recovery time



for the patient?

Jason:

Uh...Uh...

PauIa:

Time’s up. Jason? Rachel?

RacheI:

Laser technology.

PauIa:

Right. RacheI, your turn. Now that we have aIready been to the moon, we



might soon be Iiving in outer space. Name the pIanet cIosest to Earth.

RacheI:

Mars.

PauIa:

Correct again! The first person to answer the next question wiII get



twenty-five points. ln what way can we drasticaIIy Iimit the amount of



garbage that we throw away?

Jason:

By recycIing it, so that it can be used again.

PauIa:

Right, Jason. Twenty-five points to you. l’m afraid that’s aII we have time for.



RacheI is today’s winner. l’m PauIa Turner, wishing aII of you a good week.



Join us again next week for “Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow”.



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Starting Young By S. Noriko Seven-year-oId Marina Schuman, a Russian immigrant, is caIIed “the interpreter” by her cIassmates. Two new Russian students have recentIy joined Marina’s cIass, and most of their schooIwork needs to be transIated for them. Since Marina is biIinguaI, she was chosen for the task. “When l Iisten to Marina taIk in her native Ianguage, it’ s quite obvious that she is Russian,” said Mrs. Marge Smythe, Marina’s teacher. “However, when l hear Marina express herseIf in fIuent EngIish, it’s hard to beIieve that she has Iived in the United States for Iess than two years. l hardIy ever have to correct her. l’m sure her Russian cIassmates wiII aIso be speaking EngIish fIuentIy within a few months.” Language experts point out that Iearning a second Ianguage is much easier for chiIdren than for aduIts. “ChiIdren begin to put words together into sentences as earIy as age two,” says Dr . Annette Davis, a Ianguage speciaIist. “This pattern appears to be the same in chiIdren aII over the worId, no matter what Ianguage they’re Iearning. We beIieve that we can make more progress teaching a two- year-oId than an oIder chiId or aduIt. The younger chiId has more of an abiIity to pronounce foreign words correctIy, and chiIdren in generaI are better than aduIts at memorizing new words.” Parents who want their chiIdren to practice speaking a second Ianguage at an earIy age can now sign their kids up at pre-schooI Ianguage institutes. One schooI known to have succeeded in teaching foreign Ianguages to young chiIdren is the Higgins Language lnstitute. There are seven Higgins schooIs throughout the country, and they currentIy offer five Ianguages for pre-schooIers, incIuding Spanish and French. The concept is such a hit that within a year , the number of Higgins schooIs across the country wiII have doubIed. Besides teaching foreign Ianguages, many pre-schooI Ianguage institutes teach EngIish as a second Ianguage to immigrant chiIdren. By the time they reach eIementary schooI, these youngsters wiII have Iearned to speak EngIish fIuentIy. Like Marina, some of these young peopIe may even find themseIves serving as interpreters and transIators.

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Dance Posters - l think we shouId start making the posters for tonight’ s dance. - Yes. l guess we shouId. - OK. You make the posters and l’II take care of the passengers. - But l hate making posters. - So do l. Wait! l have an idea. Let’s see if we have any Ieft over from the Iast cruise. - That’s a good idea. l hadn’ t thought of that. - That’s why l’m the manager.

More Future: Review - What do you think you’II be doing when you’re 25? - l’II be studying to be a doctor. How about you? - By the time l’m 25, l’II have compIeted my studies and wiII be working at the U.N. as a transIator. - Good Iuck!

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Learning a Language Word

Definition

Example Sentence

become clear, exp.

something that begins to be realized or understood

After repeating my question several times, it became clear that the man didn't understand English.

bilingual, adj.

knowing two languages perfectly

Since my mom is Colombian and my Dad is American, I grew up bilingual - speaking both Spanish and English.

fluent, adj.

able to speak a language with very few mistakes

I'm almost fluent in Japanese.

get by, exp.

to manage with the bare minimum

When I first began learning English, I knew just enough to get by.

get something across, exp.

to explain a point so that it's understood

When I was traveling in Mexico, it was difficult to get it across to them that I didn't like spicy food!

interpret, v.

to translate from one language to another, to understand something in a certain way

My boss doesn't speak very clearly, so it's difficult to interpret what he says sometimes.

interpreter, n.

someone who helps two or more people who don't speak the same language understand each other

I worked as an interpreter at the American embassy for eight years.

like a native, exp.

doing something almost exactly the way the people who were born in that particular place do it, usually referring to speaking the language

Even though my husband was born in Russia, he speaks English like a native!

make headway, exp.

to make progress in something

I'm really starting to make headway with my German and I can now understand German movies.

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Appendix

Word

Definition

Example Sentence

memorize, v.

to study something until you know it by heart

I have to memorize 30 new vocabulary words before the test on Thursday!

a situation that was not correctly understood

I think there was a misunderstanding between us, I would like to clarify what I meant to say.

native language, n.

a person's first language

It's nice to be in a place where everyone speaks my native language.

pronounce, v.

to say a word correctly

I'm sorry, I always have trouble pronouncing your last name.

second language, n.

a language that you know or are learning other than your first language

I'm learning English as my second language.

translator, n.

someone who converts one language into another

I'm afraid we may need a translator when the foreign exchange student comes to stay with us!

misunderstanding, n.

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Copyright © 1990-2016 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

Advanced 1 Appendix

Copyright © 1990-2016 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

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