• Author / Uploaded
• Yo

• Categories
• Reacciones orgánicas
• Moléculas
• Química Inorgánica
• Ciencias fisicas
• Ciencia

Citation preview

30 Important Name Reactions Organic Chemistry for IIT JEE The most Important Part of Chemistry (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) is Name Reactions for JEE Mains and Advanced. If you are in 12th class then you must know these 30 Important Name Reactions in Organic Chemistry. These are very important and directly come in Board Exams. Here we have done all these reactions with simplicity so that you also not get confused. 1. Sandmeyer Reaction When a primary aromatic amine is treated with sodium nitrite in the presence of cold aqueous mineral acid, a diazonium salt is formed. This freshly prepared diazonium salt is further mixed with cuprous chloride or bromide which results in the replacement of diazonium group by –Cl or –Br. This reaction for the synthesis of haloarenes from a diazonium salt is popularly known as Sandmeyer reaction.

2. Gattermann Reaction The Gattermann reaction, (also known as the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis) is a chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds are formylated by hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a Friedel– Crafts catalyst (e.g. AlCl3). It is named for the German chemist Ludwig Gattermann and is similar to the Friedel-Crafts reaction.

1|Page

3. Balz-Schiemann Reaction The conversion of aryl amines to aryl fluorides via diazotisation and subsequent thermal decomposition of the derived tetrafluoroborates or hexafluorophosphates. The decomposition may also be induced photochemically.

4. Finkelstein Reaction

Treatment of a primary alkyl halide or pseudohalide with an alkali metal halide (e.g. KF, KI) leads to replacement of the halogen via an SN2 Reaction. This is really very important for JEE Mains and Advanced Exam. 5. Swartz Reaction Swarts reaction and Finkelstein reactions are halogen exchange reactions that are associated with alkyl halides. Swarts reaction: RX + MF → RF+ MX 6. Wurtz Reaction The Wurtz reaction, named after Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, is a coupling reaction in organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry and recently inorganic main group polymers, whereby two alkyl halides are reacted with sodium to form a new alkane: 2R–X + 2Na → R–R + 2Na+X. − This is also very important for JEE Mains and Advanced Exam. 2|Page

7. Fitting Reaction In Fittig reaction, two aryl halides are coupled in presence of sodium metal in dry ether or tetrahydrofuran to furnish biaryls.

8. Wurtz – Fittig Reaction The Wurtz–Fittig reaction is the chemical reaction of aryl halides with alkyl halides and sodium metal in the presence of dry ether to give substituted aromatic compounds. 9. Kolbe’s Reaction

This is really very important for JEE Mains and Advanced Exam. 10. Reimer- Tiemann Reaction The Reimer–Tiemann reaction is a chemical reactionused for the ortho-formylation of phenols; with the simplest example being the conversion of phenol to salicylaldehyde. The reaction was discovered by Karl Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann.

3|Page

11. Rosenmund Reduction

The reaction is catalysed by palladium on barium sulfate, which is sometimes called the Rosenmund catalyst. Barium sulfate has a low surface area which reduces the activity of the palladium, preventing over-reduction. However, for certain reactive acyl chlorides the activity must be reduced further, by the addition of a poison. 12. Gattermann – Koch Reaction The Gattermann–Koch reaction, named after the German chemists Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch, refers to a Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction in which carbon monoxide, hydrochloric acid, and a Friedel–Crafts catalyst (e.g. AlCl3) are used to produce aromatic aldehydes from various aromatic compounds, including derivatives of benzene and naphthalene:

4|Page

From this reaction every alternate year JEE Mains and Advanced Exam, asks questions. 13. Stephen Reaction or Stephen Reduction

14. Clemmensen Reduction Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones (or aldehydes) to alkanes using zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid. This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist.

This is very important for JEE Mains and Advanced Exam. 15. Wolff – Kishner Reduction 5|Page

This is really very important for JEE Mains and Advanced Exam. 16. Haloform Reaction (Iodoform Reaction) 17. Aldol Condensation 18. Cannizzaro Reaction 19. Friedel – Crafts Reaction 20. Grignard Synthesis 21. Esterification Reaction or Fischer Esterification 22. Williamson Synthesis 23. Diazotisation Reaction 24. Etard Reaction 25. Hell – Volhard Zelinsky Reaction 26. Decarboxylation Reaction 27. Hofmann Bromide Reaction 28. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis 29. Coupling Reaction 30. Carbylamine Reaction

6|Page