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CURSO DE INGLÉS BÁSICO

Curso: inglés Básico

PRESENTACIÓN

En cumplimiento de su misión y de sus funciones, el Centro de Educación Técnico Productivo "T&T CECITEL" autorizado por el Ministerio de Educación de la República del Perú y por el Consejo Intersectorial para la Educación Peruana integrante del pacto global de la ONU realiza diversas acciones que permitan a las personas no solamente enfrentar los retos del desarrollo científico, técnico y tecnológico sino hacer del conocimiento y de la cultura, ejes de calidad y desarrollo. Esto implica necesariamente fomentar procesos de formación que articulan los campos de conocimiento y sus campos específicos con necesidades de económicas de mercado y de sociedad. En consecuencia, T&T CECITEL promueve el desarrollo de cursos, especializaciones y carreras técnicas en los diferentes ámbitos de la educación, ingenierías, salud y otros sectores, especialmente los tecnológicos. Estas capacitaciones tienen la importante misión de hacer llegar a los especialistas la temática pertinente y las técnicas necesarias para el excelente desarrollo de laboral en su especialidad en el campo. Dada la pertinencia y vigencia de esta serie de actividades educativas y aprovechando el desarrollo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación que nos permite una socialización más amplia y ágil de sus contenidos y con la expectativa que esta estrategia de aprendizaje sea aprovechada por un mayor número de personas, esperamos que este programa académico sea de satisfacción para todos los participantes.

Dirección de T&T CECITEL

2

Curso: inglés Básico

INDICE PRESENTACIÓN ................................................................................................... 2 Lección 1 .................................................................................................................... 5 Hello & Goodbye ...................................................................................................... 5 Lección 2 .................................................................................................................. 10 My Office ................................................................................................................. 10 Lección 3 .................................................................................................................. 12 The Mansfield Family ............................................................................................. 12 Lección 4 .................................................................................................................. 15 My House ................................................................................................................. 15 Lección 5 .................................................................................................................. 20 Interview with Luke ................................................................................................ 20 Lección 6 .................................................................................................................. 21 An Afternoon at the Museum ............................................................................... 21 Lección 7 .................................................................................................................. 26 Sarah’s Daily Routine .............................................................................................. 26 Lección 8 .................................................................................................................. 30 My Best Friend ........................................................................................................ 30 Lección 9 .................................................................................................................. 35 Can we play tennis? ................................................................................................. 35 Lección 10 ................................................................................................................ 38 At the Doctor’s surgery .......................................................................................... 38 Leccion 11 ................................................................................................................ 42 At a Party .................................................................................................................. 42 Leccion 12 ................................................................................................................ 46 Bluebells Shopping Centre ..................................................................................... 46 Los mejores c ........................................................................................................... 50 Leccion 13 ................................................................................................................ 50 3

Curso: inglés Básico

In the Shop............................................................................................................... 50 How do I get to….? ................................................................................................ 51 Lección 15 ................................................................................................................ 55 Friends Together ..................................................................................................... 55 Lección 16 ................................................................................................................ 57 Isabel’s Hobbies ...................................................................................................... 57 Lección 17 ................................................................................................................ 62 The Weather Forecast............................................................................................. 62 Lección 18 ................................................................................................................ 64 Life in the Countryside ........................................................................................... 64 Lección 19 ................................................................................................................ 67 Eating Out ................................................................................................................ 67 Lección 20 ................................................................................................................ 70 The Man with Many Jobs ....................................................................................... 70

4

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 1

Hello & Goodbye

1.- Vocabulary – Alphabet & Greetings 1. Alphabet A

K

U

B

L

V

C

M

W

D

N

X

E

O

Y

F

P

Z

G

Q

H

R

I

S

J

T

Vowels A E I O U

5

Curso: inglés Básico

2.- Vocabulary Practice How do you spell…?

Your name Goodbye Thank you

3.- Grammar – To be / To have / To do 3. A.- To be – Present Simple

Compare the full forms and the short forms

Full Form

Short Form

Spanish

I am

I'm

Yo soy / estoy

You are

You're

Tú eres / estás

He / she is

He's / she's

Él/Ella es / está

It is

It's

El (cosas, animales, etc...) es / está

We are

We're

Nosotros(as) somos / estamos

You are

You're

Vosotros(as) sois /estáis

They are

They're

Ellos(as) son / están

6

Curso: inglés Básico

3. B.- To be: Present simple (negative)

Full Form

Short Form

Spanish

I am not

I'm not

Yo no soy / estoy

You are not

You're not

Tú no eres / estás

He / she is not

He's / she's not

Él/Ella no es / está

It is not

It's not

El no es / está

We are not

We're not

Nosotros no somos / estamos

You are not

You're not

Vosotros no sois /estáis

They are not

They're not

Ellos no son / están

3. C.- To have: Present Simple (affirmative)

Full Form

Short Form

Spanish

I have

I've

Yo tengo

You have

You've

Tú tienes

He / she has

He's / she's

Él/Ella tiene

It has

It's

El tiene

We have

We've

Nosotros(as) tenemos

You have

You've

Vosotros(as) tenéis

They have

They've

Ellos(as) tienen

7

Curso: inglés Básico

3. D.- To have: Present Simple (negative)

Full Form

Short Form

Spanish

I have not

I haven't

Yo no tengo

You have not

You haven't

Tú no tienes

He / she has not

He's / she hasn't

Él/Ella no tiene

It has not

It hasn't

El no tiene

We have not

We haven't

Nosotros(as) no tenemos

You have not

You haven't

Vosotros(as) no tenéis

They have not

They haven't

Ellos(as) no tienen

3. E.- To do: Present Simple (affirmative)

Full Form

Spanish

I do

Yo hago

You do

Tú haces

He / she does

Él/Ella hace

It does

El hace

We do

Nosotros(as) hacemos

You do

Vosotros(as) hacéis

They do

Ellos(as) hacen

8

Curso: inglés Básico

3.F.- To do: Present Simple (negative)

Full Form

Short Form

Spanish

I do not

I don't

Yo no hago

You do not

You don't

Tú no haces

He / she does not

He / she doesn't

Él/Ella no hace

It does not

It doesn't

El no hace

We do not

We don't

Nosotros(as) no hacemos

You do not

You don't

Vosotros(as) no hacéis

They do not

They don't

Ellos(as) no hacen

4.- Reading – Meeting & Greeting

9

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 2 My Office

1.- Vocabulary

1. Table: mesa 2. Chair: silla 3. Computer: ordenador 4. Laptop: portátil 5. Mouse: ratón (ordenador) 6. Printer: impresora 7. Folder: carpeta 8. Pen: bolígrafo 9. Pencil: lápiz 10. Highlighter: rotulador fluorescente 11. Paper: papel 12. Paper clip: clip 13. Ruler: regla 14. Stapler: grapadora 15. Scissors: tijeras 16. File: archivo 17. Calculator: calculadora 18. Envelope: sobre 19. Book: libro 20. Door: puerta

10

Curso: inglés Básico

2.- There is / There are There is: Hay (singular) There are : Hay (plural) Is there…?Hay? (Singular) Are there…? Hay? (Plural) Yes, there is: Sí, hay (singular) No, there isn’t: No, no hay (singular) Yes, there are: Sí, hay (plural) No, there aren’t: No, no hay (plural)

3.- Grammar – Subject Pronouns

English

Spanish

I

Yo

You

Tú

He / she

él / Ella

It

Ello

We

Nosotros(as)

You

Vosotros(as)

They

Ellos(as)

11

Curso: inglés Básico

4.- Reading – My office

Lección 3 The Mansfield Family 1. Mother: madre 2. Father: padre 3. Parents: padres 4. Son: hijo 5. Daughter: hija 6. Children: niños 7. Grandparents: abuelos 8. Grandmother: abuela 9. Grandfather: abuelo 10. Grandchildren: nietos 11. Granddaughter: nieta 12. Grandson: nieto

13. Aunty: tía 12

Curso: inglés Básico

14. Uncle: tío 15. Brother: hermano 16. Sister: hermana 17. Stepbrother: hermanastro 18. Stepsister: hermanastra 19. Cousin: primo/a 20. Godmother: madrina 21. Godfather: padrino 22. Mother in law: suegra 23. Father in law: suegro 24. Sister in law: cuñada 25. Brother in law: cuñado 26. To be married: estar casado/a 27. To get married: casarse 28. Boyfriend: novio 29. Girlfriend: novia

13

Curso: inglés Básico

2.- Grammar – Possessive Adjectives

Learn these possessive adjectives!

Subject Pronoun

Possessive Adjective

Adjetivos posesivos

I

My

Mi

You

Your

Tu

He

His

Su (de él)

She

Her

Su (de ella)

It

Its

Su (de objeto o animal)

We

Our

Nuestro(a)

You

Your

Vuestro(a)

They

Their

Su (de ellos)

3.- Reading

14

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 4 My House 1. House: casa 2. Flat: piso 3. Room: habitación 4. Bathroom: baño 5. Living room: salón 6. Dining room: comedor 7. Kitchen: cocina 8. Study: despacho 9. Bedroom: dormitorio 10. Cloakroom: retrete 11. Loft: desván 12. Basement: sótano 13. Cellar: sótano 14. Hall: vestíbulo 15

Curso: inglés Básico

15. Garden: jardín 16. Balcony: balcón 17. Plant: planta 18. Carpet: moqueta 19. Picture: cuadro 20. Bath: baño 21. Shower: ducha 22. Toilet: váter 23. Sink: lavabo 24. Mirror: espejo 25. Toothbrush: cepillo de dientes 26. Bed: cama 27. Wardrobe: armario 28. Bedside table: mesilla de noche 29. Chest of doors: cómoda 30. Lamp: lámpara 31. Window: ventana 32. Table: mesa 33. Chair: silla

The plural form of most nouns is created simply by adding the letter " -s ".

Singular

Plural

Plate

Plates

Boy

Boys

Orange

Oranges

Cat

Cats

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Curso: inglés Básico

Words that end in -ch, -x, -s will require an -es to form the plural.

Singular

Plural

Box

Boxes

Bus

Buses

Watch

Watches

Kiss

Kisses

With words that end in a consonant and a "y", change the "y" to an "i" andadd "-es". Singular

Plural

Baby

Babies

Gallery

Galleries

Words that end in "-o " add "-es ".

Singular

Plural

Potato

Potatoes

Hero

Heroes

* Exceptions: Memo – Memos / Cello – Cellos

Plurals of words that end in "-f "or "-fe " usually change the "f" sound to a "v" sound and add "s" or "-es". 17

Curso: inglés Básico

Singular

Plural

Knife

Knives

Leaf

Leaves

Life

Lives

Self

Selves

Elf

Elves

There are several nouns that have irregular plural forms.

Singular

Plural

Child

Children

Woman

Women

Man

Men

Person

People

Mouse

Mice

18

Curso: inglés Básico

3.- Reading

19

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 5 Interview with Luke

1. Tall: alto 2. Short: bajo 3. Fat: gordo 4. Thin: delgado 5. Pretty: guapa 6. Handsome: guapo (para chicos) 7. Ugly: feo 8. Blonde hair: pelo rubio 9. Brown haired: pelo castaño 10. Ginger hair: pelirrojo 11. Long hair: pelo largo 12. Short hair: pelo corto 13. Bald: calvo 14. Straight hair: pelo liso 15. Wavy hair: pelo ondulado 16. Curly hair: pelo rizado 17. Pale: pálido 18. Tanned: bronceado 19. Beard: barba 20. Moustache: bigote 21. Friendly: simpático 22. Funny: gracioso 23. Sad: triste 24. Happy: feliz 25. Shy: tímido 26. Nice: agradable 27. Silly: tonto 28. Good: bueno 29. Bad: malo 20

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 6 An Afternoon at the Museum 1.- Vocabulary 1. January: enero 2. February: febrero 3. March: marzo 4. April: abril 5. May: mayo 6. June: junio 7. July: julio 8. August: agosto 9. September: septiembre 10. October: octubre 11. November: noviembre 12. December: diciembre 13. Days of the week 14. Monday: lunes 15. Tuesday: martes 16. Wednesday: miércoles 17. Thursday: jueves 18. Friday: viernes 19. Saturday: sábado 20. Sunday: domingo

21

Curso: inglés Básico

2.- Numbers and Time expression 1. One: uno 2. Two: dos 3. Three: tres 4. Four: cuatro 5. Five: cinco 6. Six: seis 7. Seven: siete 8. Eight: ocho 9. Nine: nueve 10. Ten: diez 11. Eleven: once 12. Twelve: doce 13. Thirteen: trece 14. Fourteen: catorce 15. Fifteen: quince 16. Sixteen: dieciséis 17. Seventeen: diecisiete 18. Eighteen: dieciocho 19. Nineteen: diecinueve 20. Twenty: veinte 21. Twenty one: veintiuno 22. Twenty two: veintidos 23. Thirty: treinta 24. Thirty one: treinta y uno 25. Forty: cuarenta 26. Fifty: cincuenta 27. Sixty: sesenta 28. At midday: a mediodía 29. At midnight: a medianoche 30. In the morning: por la mañana 31. In the afternoon: por la tarde 22

Curso: inglés Básico

32. In the evening: por la tarde (después de las 6) 33. At night: por la noche

3.- The Time

It’s five o’clock.

It’s half past twelve.

It’s quarter past twuelve

It’s quarter to one

It’s ten past ten

It’s ten to two

23

Curso: inglés Básico

4.- Grammar Prepositions of time: at / in / on We use: • AT for a PRECISE TIME at 7 o'clock at 12.30am at lunchtime at midday • IN for MONTHS and YEARS in August in winter in the evening in 1990 • ON for DAYS and DATES on Monday on Tuesdays on 10th March on 25th December 2020

Examples: 

I go to bed at 11pm.



At lunchtime, I eat a sandwich.



Every day I watch television at 9pm.



In August it is my birthday.



On Monday I go to school.



On 13th August it’s my birthday.

24

Curso: inglés Básico

5.- Reading

25

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 7 Sarah’s Daily Routine

1.- Vocabulary

1. Daily Routine/Rutina Diaria 2. To wake up: despertarse 3. To get up: levantarse 4. To get dressed: vestirse 5. To brush your teeth: cepillarse los dientes 6. To brush your hair: cepillarse el pelo 7. To have a shower/bath: ducharse/bañarse 8. To have breakfast: desayunar 9. To catch the bus: coger el autobús 10. To read the paper: leer el periódico 11. To listen to the radio: escuchar la radio 12. To watch television: ver la televisión 13. To cook lunch: cocinar el almuerzo 14. To have lunch: comer/almorzar 15. To have dinner: cenar 16. To go for a drink: tomar una copa 17. To go for a walk: dar un paseo 18. To go shopping: ir de compras 19. To get undressed: quitarse la ropa 20. To go to bed: ir a la cama 21. To go to sleep: dormir

26

Curso: inglés Básico

2.- Grammar – The Present Simple (Regular Verbs)

2. A.- Form To read (leer) Affirmative

Negative

I

read

don't read

You

read

don't read

He / she /it

reads

doesn't read

We

read

don't read

You

read

don't read

They

read

don't read

Affirmative

Negative

I

see

don't see

You

see

don't see

To see (ver)

27

Curso: inglés Básico

He / she /it

sees

doesn't see

We

see

don't see

You

see

don't see

They

see

don't see

Affirmative

Negative

I

play

don't play

You

play

don't play

He / she /it

plays

doesn't play

We

play

don't play

You

play

don't play

They

play

don't play

To play (jugar)

2. B.- Use 1. We use the present simple to talk about permanent situations. 

She doesn't speak English.



Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

2. We use the present simple to talk about things that happen repeatedly. 

I go to work everyday.



Jon sometimes plays football. 3. We use the present simple to talk about future scheduled events.



The meeting starts at 10am.



The train leaves at 7.32pm.

28

Curso: inglés Básico

3.- Reading

29

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 8 My Best Friend

Verbs 1. Begin: empezar 2. Break: romper 3. Bring: traer 4. Buy: comprar 5. Can: poder 6. Catch: coger 7. Come: venir 8. Do: hacer 9. Drive: conducir 10. Eat: comer 11. Get: coger 12. Give: dar 13. Go: ir 14. Have: tener 15. Hear: oír 16. Know: saber/conocer 17. Learn: aprender 18. Like: gustar 19. Make: hacer 20. Pass: pasar/aprobar 21. Put: poner 22. Read: leer 23. Run: correr 24. Say: decir 25. See: ver 26. Shut: cerrar 30

Curso: inglés Básico

27. Sing: cantar 28. Sit: sentarse 29. Sleep: dormir 30. Speak: hablar 31. Spend: gastar 32. Steal: robar 33. Study: estudiar 34. Swim: nadar 35. Take: tomar/coger 36. Think: pensar 37. Teach: enseñar 38. Try: intentar 39. Understand: entender 40. Wash: lavar 41. Walk: andar 42. Watch: ver/mirar 43. Work: trabajar 44. Write: escribir

31

Curso: inglés Básico

2.- Grammar: Irregular Verbs

a) If a verb ends in the letter "y" then we change the "y" to "i + es". To try Affirmative

Negative

I

try

don't try

You

try

don't try

He / she /it

tries

doesn't try

We

try

don't try

You

try

don't try

They

try

don't try

b) If a verb ends in "s", "x", "z", "ch" or "sh" add "es". To pass Affirmative

Negative

I

pass

don't pass

You

pass

don't pass

He / she /it

passes

doesn't pass

We

pass

don't pass

You

pass

don't pass

They

pass

don't pass

32

Curso: inglés Básico

c) To go Affirmative

Negative

I

go

don't go

You

go

don't go

He / she /it

goes

doesn't go

We

go

don't go

You

go

don't go

They

go

don't go

Affirmative

Negative

I

do

don't do

You

do

don't do

He / she /it

does

doesn't do

We

do

don't do

You

do

don't do

They

do

don't do

d) To do

33

Curso: inglés Básico

e) To be able Affirmative

Negative

I

can

can't

You

can

can't

He / she /it

can

can't

We

can

can't

You

can

can't

They

can

can't

3.- Reading

34

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 9 Can we play tennis? 1.- Vocabulary 1. Free time activities 2. Free time: tiempo libre 3. Hobby: pasatiempo 4. Dancing: bailar 5. Walking: andar 6. Skiing: esquiar 7. Playing football: jugar al fútbol 8. Playing tennis: jugar al tenis 9. Listening to music: escuchar música 10. Watching TV: ver la televisión 11. Taking photographs: sacar fotos 12. Cooking: cocinar 13. Sailing: navegar a vela 14. Painting: pintar 15. Swimming: nadar 16. Reading: leer 17. Writing: escribir 18. Eating in restaurants: comer en restaurantes 19. Going to the cinema: ir al cine 35

Curso: inglés Básico

20. Going out with friends: salir con amigos 21. Sunbathing: tomar el sol 22. Playing cards: jugar a las cartas 23. Fishing: pescar 24. To like: gustar 25. To love: encantar 26. To fancy: apetecer 27. To enjoy: disfrutar 28. To hate: odiar 29. To be interested in: estar interesado en 30. To have a good time: pasarlo bien 31. To look forward to: tener ganas de hacer algo 32. To can’t stand: no aguantar 33. To get bored: aburrirse

Reading

36

Curso: inglés Básico

37

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 10 At the Doctor’s surgery 1.- Vocabulary – The Human Body

1. Head: cabeza 2. Hair: pelo 3. Eye: ojo 4. Ear: oreja 5. Mouth: boca 6. Throat: garganta 7. Nose: nariz 8. Lips: labios 9. Tooth (teeth): diente (dientes) 10. Face: cara 11. Neck: cuello 12. Arm: brazo 13. Hand: mano 14. Finger: dedo 15. Finger nails: uña 16. Stomach: estómago 17. Legs: piernas 18. Toes: dedos del pie 38

Curso: inglés Básico

19. Foot (feet): pie (pies) 20. Back: espalda 21. To hurt: tener dolor de 22. To be ill: estar enfermo 23. To be hot: tener calor 24. To be cold: tener frío 25. To be sleepy: tener sueño 26. To be hungry: tener hambre 27. To feel sick: estar mareado 28. To have a cold: estar constipado 29. To have the flu: tener la gripe 30. To break: romper 31. To cut: cortar 32. To ache: doler 33. To get better: mejorar 34. To get worse: empeorar Doctor: médico Patient: paciente Doctor’s surgery: ambulatorio Medicine: medicina A.- Practice A – Label the following parts of the body 1. Face / Nose / Eyes / Mouth / Hair / Teeth

39

Curso: inglés Básico

2. Head / Arm / Leg / Neck / Stomach

2.- Grammar: Verb + Infinitive In English, when you have two verbs together sometimes the second verb is in the infinitive. Here are some examples: 

I want to go to the park.



He decides to walk to work.



My grandchildren promise to draw a picture for me. Here are some more verbs that are followed by the infinitive: To want: querer To decide: decidir To promise: prometer To agree: acordar To refuse: negarse To hope: esperar Would like: gustaría To prepare: preparar To forget: olvidar To plan: planear 40

Curso: inglés Básico

To arrange: organizar To offer: ofrecer To learn: aprender To prefer: preferir To have to: tener que

Here are some examples: 

They decide to take a taxi home.



She promises to do her homework.



We arrange to play golf next weekend.



Don’t forget to shut the door when you leave.



I would like to buy a car.

3.- Reading

41

Curso: inglés Básico

Leccion 11 At a Party 1. - Vocabulary Clothes

1. Clothes: ropa 2. Boots: botas 3. Blouse: blusa 4. Cardigan: rebeca 5. Dress: vestido 6. Gloves: guantes 7. Hat: sombrero 8. Jacket: chaqueta 9. Jeans: vaqueros 10. Jumper: jersey 11. Pyjamas: pijama 12. Sandals: sandalias 13. Shirt: camisa 14. Shoes: zapatos 15. Skirt: falda 16. Socks: calcetines 42

Curso: inglés Básico

17. Suit: traje 18. Swimsuit: bañador 19. Tie: corbata 20. Trousers: pantalón 21. T-shirt: camiseta 22. Underwear: ropa interior 23. Cotton: algodón 24. Leather: piel 25. Nylon: nylon 26. Silk: seda 27. Checked: a cuadros 28. Striped: a rayas 29. Sleeve: manga 30. Short-sleeved: de manga corta 31. To put on: ponerse 32. To wear: llevar puesto

43

Curso: inglés Básico

2.- Grammar - The Present Continuous 2. A.-To be Full Form

Short Form

Negative

I am

I'm

I am not

You are

You're

You are not

He / she is

He's / she's

He / she is not

It is

It's

It is not

We are

We're

We are not

You are

You're

You are not

They are

They're

They are not

2. B.- Gerund (verb+ing) a) Add "-ing" to the infinitives b) When the verb ends in "-e" take away the "-e" and adds "-ing". c) When a one syllable verb has one vowel and ends in a consonant, double the final consonant +ing

2. C. - Present Continuous Form: To be + Gerund

Affirmative Full Form

Short Form

Spanish

44

Curso: inglés Básico

I am working

I'm working

Estoy trabajando

You are working

You're working

Estás trabajando

He / she is working

He's / she's working

Está trabajando

It is working

It's working

Está trabajando

We are working

We're working

Estamos trabajando

You are working

You're working

Estáis trabajando

They are working

They're working

Están trabajando

Full Form

Short Form

Spanish

I am not working

I'm not working

No estoy trabajando

You are not working

You're not working

No estás trabajando

He / she is not working

He's / she's not working

No está trabajando

It is not working

It's not working

No está trabajando

We are not working

We're not working

No estamos trabajando

You are not working

You're not working

No estáis trabajando

They are not working

They're not working

No están trabajando

Negative

USE 1. We use the Present Continuous to express what is happening now, at this moment. 

I’m studying English now. 45

Curso: inglés Básico



I’m eating an apple now. 2. We use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action.



I’m studying to be a doctor.



I am reading a book by J.K Lewin. 3. We use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will happen in the future.



I am going to the cinema tonight.



We are going to a concert tomorrow.

Leccion 12 Bluebells Shopping Centre 1.- Vocabulary Shop: tienda Baker’s: panadería Butcher’s: carnicería Fishmonger’s: pescadería Cake shop: pastelería Bookshop: librería Florist: floristería Hairdresser’s: peluquería Jeweller’s: joyería Perfume shop: perfumería Shoe shop: zapatería Souvenir shop: tienda de recuerdos Chemist: farmacia Dry cleaner’s: tintorería Tailor: sastre 46

Curso: inglés Básico

Bank: banco Post office: correos Bus station: estación de autobuses Bus stop: parada de autobús Train station: estación de ferrocarril Shopping centre: centro comercial To do the shopping: hacer la compra To go shopping: ir de compras To look for: buscar To spend: gastar (dinero) Customer: cliente Shop assistant: dependiente Changing room: probador Cash desk: caja Receipt: recibo Sales: rebajas Bargain: ganga

2.- Grammar – Modal Verbs We are going to look at the following modal verbs: Can (poder) Must (deber) Have to (tener que) Should (debería) 2. A.1.- Can 1. Can + Bare Infinitive (infinitive without to) 2. Can’t + Bare Infinitive (Cannot = negative) We use can to say that something is possible or to say that someone has the ability to do something.

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Curso: inglés Básico

Utilizamos Can para decir que algo es posible o para decir que alguien tiene la habilidad de hacer algo. Remember: You can only use Can in the Present and the Past. Examples: 

I can see the man from my window.



Can you speak Japanese?



We can’t go to Paris this weekend

2.A.2.- Must 1. Must + bare Infinitive 2. Must not / mustn’t + bare Infinitive We use must to express obligation. Utilizamos "must" para expresar una obligación. 

I must go to work today.



They mustn’t smoke in this building.



Must I do my homework? 2. A.3.- Have to

1. Have to + bare infinitive 2. Do not have to / don’t have to + bare infinitive We use have to when we talk about external obligation, such as when someone says that something is necessary or important. Utilizamos "have to" cuando hablamos de obligaciones externas, por ejemplo cuando alguien dice que algo es necesario o importante. Examples: 

Tonight we have to go to swimming practice.



They have to go to school on Friday.



Do I have to go to church today 48

Curso: inglés Básico

2. A.4.- Should 1. Should + bare infinitive 2. Should not / shouldn’t + bare infinitive We use should to give advice or to talk about what we think is right or wrong. Utilizamos "should" para dar consejos o para hablar de lo que pensamos es correcto o incorrecto. Examples: 

You look tired. I thin you should go to bed.



Alison works a lot. She should talk to her boss.

3.- Reading (Para ver la traducción hacer doble click en el texto; un click vuelve a posición original)

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Curso: inglés Básico

Los mejores c Leccion 13 In the Shop 1. - Vocabulary Numbers 1. 61: sixty one 2. 62: sixty two 3. 70: seventy 4. 75: seventy five 5. 80: eighty 6. 90: ninety 7. 100: one hundred 8. 101: one hundred and one 9. 102: one hundred and two 10. 103: one hundred and three 11. 200: two hundred 12. 300: three hundred 13. 500: five hundred 14. 1.000: one thousand 15. 10.000: ten thousand 16. 10.670: ten thousand six hundred and seventy 17. 500.000: five hundred thousand 18. 1.000.000: one million

Prices £: pound $: dollar €: euro

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Curso: inglés Básico

£ 25,00: twenty five pounds £ 1,50: one pound fifty pence € 450: four hundred and fifty euros € 67,90: sixty seven euros ninety $ 9.500: nine thousand five hundred dollars $ 110,78: one hundred and ten dollars seventy eight

Lección 14

How do I get to….?

1. - Vocabulary 1. A.- Prepositions 1. On: encima/sobre 2. In: en 3. Next to: al lado de 4. In front of: delante de 5. Behind: detrás 6. Up: arriba 7. Down: abajo 8. Under: debajo de 9. Before: antes 10. After: después 11. Between: entre 12. Towards: hacia 13. Above: encima de 14. Opposite: enfrente de

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Curso: inglés Básico

Where is the computer?

Where are the windows?

The computer is on the table

The windows are next to the bed

Form: 

Subject + Verb To be + preposition + object Examples:



The books are in front of the computer



A book is next to the computer

1.B.- Practice A – Where is…..?

Try and use a different preposition for each question 52

Curso: inglés Básico

1. C.- Verbs of direction To turn: girar To turn right: girar a la derecha To turn left: girar a la izquierda To go straight ahead: ir todo recto To turn around: dar la vuelta To stop: parar

To cross: cruzar To take: tomar To go past: pasar To go up: subir To go down: bajar

2.- Grammar – The Imperative We use the imperative to give orders, instructions, directions and suggestions. Imperatives do not have a subject Orders 

Close the door.



Sit down! Instructions



Drink the orange juice.



Boil the water Directions



Turn left and then go straight ahead



Take the first road on the left. Suggestions

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Curso: inglés Básico

The verb let is used as an imperative to give a suggestion. Let’s is a contraction of let us. 

Let’s go home I’m tired



Let’s have a party

Negatives For negative imperatives: Don’t + Infinitive 

Don’t listen to the radio.



Don’t turn left Exception: Let’s = Let’s not 

Let’s not go to the party



Let’s not eat in the restaurant

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Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 15 Friends Together 1. - Vocabulary – Food

Fruit (fruta) Apple: manzana Banana: plátano Grapes: uvas Lemon: limón Lime: lima Melon: melón Orange: naranja Peach: melocotón Pear: pera Pineapple: piña Strawberry: fresa Raspberry: frambuesa Cherry: cereza Vegetables (verduras) Asparagus: espárrago Broccoli: brócoli Cabbage: col Cauliflower: coliflor Green beans: judías verdes Garlic: ajo Mushrooms: champiñones Onion: cebolla Peas: guisantes 55

Curso: inglés Básico

Pepper: pimiento/pimienta Potato: patata Sweetcorn: maíz dulce Salad (ensalada) Carrot: zanahoria Cucumber: pepino Tomato: tomate Lettuce: lechuga Olives: aceitunas Olive oil: aceite de oliva Vinegar: vinagre

4.- Grammar: Questions with Can

To be able to I

can

You

can

He / she /it

can

We

can

You

can

They

can

Some questions are formed with the verb "to be able to". Can + subject + bare infinitive (without to) + compliment Example: 

Can you play the piano? 56

Curso: inglés Básico

5.- Grammar: Answering do and can questions When you are asked a question with "do" or "can", the answer is very short. 

Do you play the piano? Yes, I do



Do they sing? No, they don’t



Can we go outside? Yes, you can



Can they eat the cake? No, they can’t

Lección 16 Isabel’s Hobbies .- Vocabulary – Adverbs

Adverbs of Manner Slowly: lentamente Quickly: rápidamente Suddenly: de repente Gradually: gradualmente Badly: malamente Calmly: tranquilamente Easily: fácilmente Seriously: en serio Regularly: regularmente Happily: felizmente

Eventually: finalmente Carefully: cuidadosamente

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Curso: inglés Básico

Immediately: inmediatamente

Honestly: honradamente Quietly: silenciosamente Ambitiously: ambiciosamente

Adverbs of Place Here: aquí There: allí Behind: detrás Above: encima de

Adverbs of Time Now: ahora Then: entonces Yesterday: ayer

Adverbs of Frequency Never: nunca Sometimes: a veces Often: a menudo Usually: normalmente Always: siempre

Hobby Free time: tiempo libre

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Curso: inglés Básico

2.- Grammar – Adverbs Adverbs are used to describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb: 

Tom sings beautifully Verb



David is extremely clever Adjective



This car goes incredibly fast Adverb Form: Many adverbs are formed by adding –ly to an adjective Example: Adjective

Adverb

bad

badly

quick

quickly

soft

softly

easy

easily

honest

honestly

However, if the adjective ends in y, change y - i and add -ly. Adjective

Adverb

Heavy

Heavily

Happy

Happily

Lazy

Lazily

Not all adverbs end in –ly. There are some exceptions Adjective

Adverb

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Curso: inglés Básico

good

well

late

late

early

early

fast

fast

hard

hard

3.- Grammar – Position of adverbs In this lesson we are going to look at the position of 4 different types of adverbs: 1. Adverbs of Manner 2. Adverbs of Place 3. Adverbs of Time 4. Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of Manner 

Quickly, slowly, carefully, softly, etc. These adverbs are put after the direct object (or after the verb if there's no direct object): Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Adverb Examples:



I eat the apple quickly



I eat quickly Adverbs of Place



Here, there, behind, etc These adverbs are put after the direct object or the verb (or after the verb if there’s no direct object). Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Adverb Examples: 60

Curso: inglés Básico



He saw the dog there



He stayed there Adverbs of Time



Now, yesterday, tomorrow, etc. Adverbs of time are usually put at the end of the sentence or at the beginning of the sentence. Time + Subject + Verb Direct + Object Time Examples:



I went to hospital yesterday



Yesterday I went to hospital

Adverbs of Frequency 

Sometimes, often, never, etc. Adverbs of frequency are put before the main verb. If 'be' is the main verb and there is no auxiliary verb, adverbs of frequency are put after 'be'. Subject + Auxiliary / be + Adverb + Main Verb + Object, Place or Time Examples:



They sometimes go to the park on Saturdays



He doesn’t often play football



She is never at home



I have always been to Spain

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Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 17 The Weather Forecast .- Vocabulary The Weather Weather: el tiempo Weather forecast: el pronóstico del tiempo To be sunny: hacer sol It is sunny: hace sol To be hot: hacer calor To be cold: hacer frio To be good weather: hacer buen tiempo To be bad weather: hacer mal tiempo To be windy: hacer viento To be foggy: hacer niebla It is foggy: hay niebla To be cloudy: estar nublado It is cloudy: está nublado To rain: llover It is raining: está lloviendo To snow: nevar It is snowing: está nevando Storm: tormenta Thunder: trueno Lightening: relámpago What’s the weather like?: ¿Qué tiempo hace? Time expressions Today: hoy Tonight: esta noche 62

Curso: inglés Básico

This afternoon: está tarde Tomorrow: mañana Tomorrow morning: mañana por la mañana The day after tomorrow: pasado mañana Next week: la semana que viene Next month: el mes que viene Next year: el año que viene In 2010: en 2010

2.- Grammar – The Future with Will & Going to 2.A.- Future with going to Going to + bare infinitive (speak) (Ir a hablar)

Form

Contraction

Negative

I am going to speak

I'm going to

I'm not going to

You are going to

You're going to

You're not going to

He is going to

He's going to

He's not going to

We are going to

We're going to

We're not going to

You are going to

You're going to

You're not going to

They are going to

They're going to

They're not going to

Going to expresses a person’s plans and intentions



I’m going to be a dancer when I grow up.



We’re going to run the London marathon in 2010.

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Curso: inglés Básico

We also use going to when we can see now that something is sure to happen in the future. 

It’s very cloudy. It’s going to rain.



It’s ten past eight. We are going to be late.

Lección 18 Life in the Countryside 1. - Vocabulary – Geography Building: edificio Square: plaza Museum: museo Castle: castillo Cathedral: catedral Hospital: hospital Police station: comisaría Town hall: ayuntamiento Hotel: hotel Campsite: camping Farm: granja Wood: bosque Tree: árbol Flower: flor Field: campo River: río Sea: mar Beach: playa Countryside: paisaje City: ciudad Town: pueblo 64

Curso: inglés Básico

Village: aldea Lake: lago Mountain: montaña Hill: colina North: norte South: sur East: este West: oeste Peaceful: tranquilo Noisy: ruidoso Lively: animado Healthy: saludable Expensive: caro Cheap: barato Dirty: sucio Clean: limpio Boring: aburrido Historic: histórico Industrial: industrial Late: tarde Early: temprano

2.- Grammar - Comparatives & Superlatives COMPARATIVES Form: Adjective + er 

This bread is cheaper than that bread.



This car is newer than this car. Use: We use a comparative when we want to compare two different things.



The countryside is cleaner than the city.



The city is dirtier than the countryside. SUPERLATIVES 65

Curso: inglés Básico

Form: Adjective + est Use: We use a superlative when we want to empha how good something is. 

Madrid is the cleanest city in the world.



My mum is the best mum in the world. We normally use "the" before a superlative.



Spain sells the cheapest shoes in Europe.

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Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 19 Eating Out 1.- Vocabulary – Restaurants Waiter: camarero Customer: cliente Menu: menú Starters: primer plato Main course: plato principal Dish of the day: plato del dia Dessert/pudding: postre The bill: la cuenta

Knife: cuchillo Fork: tenedor Spoon: cuchara Plate: plato Glass: vaso

To book: reservar To wait: esperar To recommend: recomendar To choose: elegir To order: pedir To owe: deber

Useful Expressions

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Curso: inglés Básico

Can I reserve a table?: ¿Puedo reservar una mesa? Waiter, bring me the menu, please: Camarero, traiga la carta, por favor What do you recommend?: ¿Qué recomienda usted? To drink, a bottle of red wine: Para beber, una botella de vino tinto Is the service charge included?: ¿Se incluye el servicio? I’m hungry: Tengo hambre I’m thirsty: Tengo sed What would you like?: ¿Qué quieres? I would like….: Quiero Can I have the bill please?: ¿Puedes traerme la cuenta? Cheers!: ¡Salud! Enjoy your meal!: ¡Qué aproveche!

2.- Grammar - Would like The English are polite when they speak. Usually, in a restaurant the waiter will ask you: 

What would you like to drink? Que le gustaria beber?



What would you like to eat? Que le gustaria comer? You respond:



I would like…… or I’d like a coke, please Me gustaría un coca cola. 68

Curso: inglés Básico



I’d like a club sandwich, please. Me gustaría un sandwich club. I’d like = I would like

3.- Grammar – The Past Simple (Regular Verbs) Form: Bare Infinitive + ed

WORK 

Present: I work every day.



Past: I worked every day WATCH



Present: I watch television at the weekend.



Past: I watched television at the weekend. PLAY



Present: I play football at school.



Past: I played football at school. Use: 1. To talk about things that happened in the past:



I stayed in that hotel last week.



He worked all night and finished the project. 2. To talk about the general past and about regular actions:



We lived in Rome for a year when I was a child.



Our friends often visited us in Madrid. 69

Curso: inglés Básico

Lección 20 The Man with Many Jobs 1. - Vocabulary – Jobs Job: trabajo Actor: actor Actress: actriz Airhostess: azafata Architect: arquitecto Artist: artista Baker: panadero Boss: jefe Businessman: hombre de negocios Businesswoman: mujer de negocios Butcher: carnicero Chef/cooker: cocinero/a Dentist: dentista Doctor: médico Driver: conductor/a Engineer: ingeniero Firefighter: bombero Gardener: jardinero/a Hairdresser: peluquero/a Housewife: ama de casa Journalist: periodista Lawyer: abogado/a Mechanic: mecánico/a Musician: músico/a Nurse: enfermero/a 70

Curso: inglés Básico

Painter: pintor/a Photographer: fotógrafo/a Pilot: piloto Policeman: policía Policewoman: mujer policía Postman: cartero Priest: cura Receptionist: recepcionista Secretary: secretario/a Shop assistant: dependiente/a Student: estudiante Taxi driver: taxista Teacher: profesor/a Waiter: camarero Waitress: camarera

2.- Grammar - Past Simple There are many irregular verbs in English. Here is a list of irregular past simple verbs. There is no rule, you have to learn them!

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Curso: inglés Básico

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Curso: inglés Básico

All Irregular verbs stay the same: I saw

I wrote

I sang

You saw

You wrote

You sang

He saw

He wrote

He sang

We saw

We wrote

We sang

You saw

You wrote

You sang

They saw

They wrote

They sang

Except, the verb to be I was You were He was We were You were They were

Negative form of the Past Simple: Didn’t + bare infinitive Example: I saw

I didn’t see

You saw

You didn’t see

He saw

He didn’t see

We saw

We didn’t see 73

Curso: inglés Básico

You saw

You didn’t see

They saw

They didn’t see

Exception: to be I was

I wasn’t

You were

You weren’t

He was

He wasn’t

We were

We weren’t

You were

We weren’t

They were

We weren’t

3.- Reading

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Curso: inglés Básico

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