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Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë

Te a c h e r ’ s Material

C O N T E N T S

To the Teacher ...................................................................................................................... 3 Before Reading ..................................................................................................................... 5 After Reading: Extra Challenges ......................................................................................... 6 After Reading: Group Work ................................................................................................. 7 Possible Answers to Group Work ....................................................................................... 8 Worksheet 1: Chapters 1-8 .................................................................................................. 9 Answers to Worksheet 1 .................................................................................................... 10 Worksheet 2: Chapters 9-Epilogue .................................................................................... 11 Answers to Worksheet 2 ................................................................................................... 12 Final Test ............................................................................................................................. 13 Answers to Final Test ......................................................................................................... 14 Answers to Questions in the Reader ................................................................................. 15

Before using the following teacher’s material, we recommend that you read the Burlington Reader Series general information leaflet.

Copyright © 1999 Burlington Books 2

Wuthering Heights

TO THE TEACHER LIST

OF

MAIN CHARACTERS

Heathcliff: a homeless boy adopted by Mr Earnshaw. Cathy Earnshaw: Mr Earnshaw’s daughter and Heathcliff’s friend. Hindley Earnshaw: Mr Earnshaw’s son and Heathcliff’s enemy. Edgar Linton: a young man whose family lives near the Earnshaws. Nelly Dean: a loyal servant who narrates the story.

P L O T S U M M A RY The story starts when Mr Lockwood visits his landlord, Mr Heathcliff, at his house, Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff is unpleasant and inhospitable, but due to a severe snowstorm, Mr Lockwood is forced to stay overnight. He is awakened from his sleep by a tapping noise at the window. When he opens it, he discovers a ghostly-looking young woman who begs to be let in. She says her name is Catherine Linton and that she has been roaming the moors for twenty years. When Heathcliff hears the commotion, he rushes in and shouts for Cathy to return. Later, Lockwood asks Nelly Dean, his housekeeper, who used to work at Wuthering Heights, to tell him about the strange people who live there. She agrees, and her story begins. One day, Mr Earnshaw, the owner of Wuthering Heights, brings home a poor gypsy boy. He names him Heathcliff. To his dismay, both his wife and son, Hindley, reject the boy. Only his daughter, Cathy, befriends him. Soon after, Mrs Earnshaw dies and the rivalry between Hindley and Heathcliff grows. Hindley is sent to a boarding school and returns four years later when his father dies. Accompanied by Frances, his new wife, Hindley becomes master of Wuthering Heights and continues to treat Heathcliff cruelly. One evening, Cathy and Heathcliff decide to go spy on their wealthy neighbours, the Lintons, at Thrushcross Grange. However, the Lintons’ dogs attack them and Cathy’s foot is badly injured. She remains there to recover and becomes friendly with the two Linton children, Isabella and Edgar. The following summer, Hindley’s wife dies soon after giving birth to a son, Hareton. Heartbroken, Hindley begins drinking heavily. Cathy tells Nelly that Edgar Linton proposed to her. She explains that she really loves Heathcliff but won’t marry him because he is poor. Overhearing this, Heathcliff runs away, causing Cathy to become ill. Soon after, Edgar’s parents die. Edgar becomes master of Thrushcross Grange, and Cathy later agrees to marry him. To her delight, Heathcliff returns six months after her marriage, looking like a gentleman, and goes to live with Hindley at Wuthering Heights. There they gamble and play cards. Isabella, Edgar’s sister, falls in love with Heathcliff and so Edgar forbids him to visit the house. Cathy becomes dangerously ill because she can’t see Heathcliff, and it’s revealed that she’s expecting a child. To Edgar’s disappointment, Isabella marries Heathcliff, but he treats her so badly that she runs away from him and moves to London. There she has a baby whom she names Linton. Heathcliff manages to visit Cathy one last time. That night, after giving birth to a little girl, she dies. Both Edgar and Heathcliff are devastated. Edgar names his daughter Catherine. Heathcliff becomes master of Wuthering Heights when Hindley dies. In London, Isabella also dies. Her son is sent to Thrushcross Grange, but Heathcliff, having plans for Linton, immediately claims him. Years later, Catherine meets Linton, and after being trapped at Wuthering Heights, she is forced to marry him. Once her father dies, Catherine is brought to live with Linton at Wuthering Heights, but they are unhappy. Linton, whose health has always been poor, soon dies. Catherine is left to live with Heathcliff and Hareton. This is the situation Mr Lockwood finds at Wuthering Heights. Months later, Heathcliff, behaving strangely, locks himself in his room where Nelly finds him dead the next morning. The local people say he heard Cathy’s voice the night he died and that they’ve seen their ghosts running on the moors at night. Catherine and Hareton fall in love and fix a date for their wedding. 3

Wuthering Heights

ABOUT

THE

AUTHOR

Emily Brontë was born in 1818 in Yorkshire, England, the fifth of six children. Two years later, the Brontë family moved to the village of Haworth, to a large stone house on the wild moors. Emily’s father was a vicar and also a writer. Reverend Brontë had an arts degree from Cambridge University and was anxious that his children also have a good education. He brought tutors for them, and he himself enriched their minds with stories and legends. He taught them how to debate, and they were familiar with the political events and personalities of the times. From an early age, the Brontë children were encouraged to write, and they wrote poems, stories and plays, all in tiny handwriting in order to save paper. In 1842, encouraged by their father, Charlotte and Emily took the bold step of going abroad to Brussels. They attended a school for girls kept by Mme Heger and her husband. He was a professor of rhetoric at the local university and also taught the students at his private school. The two girls were very good students. All subjects were taught in French, and they quickly learned the language. Other subjects were German, music and drawing. Both Emily and Charlotte received an excellent education. Charlotte remained in Brussels for some time, taking up the post of governess. Emily, not in good health, returned to Haworth and devoted herself to writing. When Charlotte returned, she was impressed by the quality of Emily’s poems. Anne, another sister who had remained at home, had also written some poems. Charlotte added her poems and decided that the collection should be published. This was not easy. At that time in England, women were not admitted to university, not allowed to vote and the majority of women could not even read or write. The Brontë sisters knew that no one would publish a book with their own names, so they offered their work under the male aliases of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell, keeping only the first initials of their names, Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brontë. A year later, in 1847, the three sisters each succeeded in publishing their novels; Charlotte’s Jane Eyre, Anne’s Agnes Grey and Emily’s only novel, Wuthering Heights. In the novels of the Brontë sisters, we see the influence of their environment. Emily’s inspiration for Wuthering Heights undoubtedly came from the bleak moors that surrounded their home, the isolated life, and the indomitable temperament of the people who lived under such harsh conditions. We do not know if Emily’s passionate love story had its counterpart in her short life or if it was the product of an educated mind and brilliant imagination. We can imagine that the following lines, written by Emily, were the inspiration for the great love of Cathy and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights. REMEMBRANCE Cold in the earth and the deep snow piled about thee Far, far removed, cold in the dreary grave! Have I forgot, my only Love, to love thee, Severed at last by Time’s all-severing wave? When Emily died of tuberculosis at the age of 30, her sister Charlotte wrote of her, ‘Day by day, when I saw with what a front she looked on suffering, I looked on her with an anguish of wonder and love. I have seen nothing like it; but indeed, I have never seen her parallel in anything. Stronger than a man, simpler than a child, her nature stood alone.’

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND •

Life Expectancy: In the early 1800s, most of England was very unhealthy. There was no piped water, and there were no sanitation installations. Refuse was thrown out of cottage doors and left to rot. It is no wonder that people became ill and died young. At a public enquiry held in 1850, it was stated that the average life expectancy was 26 years and over 40% of children died before the age of six.

•

The Fame of the Brontës: Every year, thousands of visitors go to the village of Haworth and visit the Brontës’ house where the sisters wrote and lived. There, tourists can walk around the village and over the very moors that Emily wrote about in Wuthering Heights. 4

Wuthering Heights

BEFORE READING SUGGESTIONS

FOR

LEAD-IN ACTIVITIES

In pairs, students ask and answer the following questions. Alternatively, you can ask the questions and elicit the answers from the whole class. (Some suggested answers are provided in italics.) •

What are the moors? (The moors are open areas of high land with poor soil which isn’t suitable for farming. They’re mainly covered with grass or low bushes, and heather, a plant with small flowers that grows wild on the moorlands. These plants don’t provide much protection from the fierce and bittercold winds that blow over the moors.)

•

How do you think the isolation affects the people who live on the moors? Do you think that the location influenced the characters in the story? (People who live in isolated areas have to rely on themselves and the few people around them. Isolation means being far from a town, a market or a doctor. Before television or radio was invented, people had to create their own entertainment.)

•

Why do you think people died young in the period during which the story took place? (unsanitary conditions, malnutrition, etc.) Which diseases were prevalent at that time? (bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.) Are they prevalent today? (Yes, in war zones, Third World countries, etc.) If not, why not? (Fatal diseases are less prevalent in developed countries with modern equipment, medicine and improved sanitary conditions.)

K E Y V O C A B U L A RY 1. Pre-teach the words in bold. They are presented in context for your convenience. You could also use the passages as a dictation for your students. A. When a black-haired gypsy boy is adopted by a kind man, it brings trouble to everyone. The man’s wife is angry with him and thinks that her husband is foolish. The man’s son hates the boy and thinks he is useless. Even the man’s ill-tempered servant curses the boy. Only his young daughter accepts the boy into their home as a friend. B. The boy was a good worker but very moody, for he noticed the cold atmosphere around him. When the old man died, the boy was heartbroken. He realised that he was an orphan again. 2. In A, the bolded words are adjectives. Ask the students to write their opposites. In B, ask the students to write sentences with the words in bold.

BEFORE READING ACTIVITIES The Before Reading Activities in the Burlington Reader Series general information leaflet, pages 8-11, can be applied to Wuthering Heights. In addition to the activities in the general leaflet, students can then answer the following questions. 1. Look at the picture on the front cover of the reader and the picture on page 35. Can you predict something about the character of the girl? (wild, independent nature, etc.) 2. Describe the scene and atmosphere on page 11. (A traveller is walking towards an isolated house. It is dark and windy, and it is snowing. The atmosphere is strange and mysterious.) What do you expect will happen next? 3. Look at the family tree on pages 6 and 7. How many families are involved in the story? How many generations? (two families, three generations) 4. Look at the picture on page 21. What kind of expressions do the people have on their faces? (shock, anger, etc.)

5

Wuthering Heights

AFTER READING: EXTRA CHALLENGES MAKE YOUR STUDENTS THINK Here are some points that more advanced students can be asked to consider after reading the book. 1. What was Heathcliff’s revenge for Hindley’s cruelty to him? 2. Compare Cathy’s love for Heathcliff with her love for Edgar. 3. Nelly Dean is the narrator of the novel, and she also plays an important role in the story. Give examples to show how she helps the main characters. 4. In your opinion, is Heathcliff a villain or a hero? Why? 5. Would you call this novel a tragic story? Why? / Why not? 6. Cathy tells Nelly that she can’t marry Heathcliff because he’s poor. Do you think this was the only reason, or were there other factors involved? Explain your answer.

DRAMA ACTIVITIES

AND

PROJECT SUGGESTIONS

1. Write the letter that Mr Lockwood sends to a friend after he comes to live in Thrushcross Grange. Describe the area and your neighbours (at Wuthering Heights). 2. Work with a partner. Act out the conversation between Mr and Mrs Earnshaw the morning after Heathcliff is brought to Wuthering Heights. 3. Imagine that you are Cathy. You are staying at Thrushcross Grange after the dogs have bitten you. Write a letter to Nelly Dean, telling her about the Linton family. 4. Choose two female characters: Isabella / Cathy, Cathy / Catherine, etc. and write a paragraph comparing them. 5. Work with a partner. Student A is Heathcliff. Student B is a journalist who works for a local newspaper. Your paper has asked you to interview Heathcliff after he becomes the master of Wuthering Heights. Ask Heathcliff to describe his feelings. Act out the interview for the class. 6. Imagine you are Isabella living in London. Write a letter to Edgar describing your life there as a single mother raising a young child. 7. Imagine you are Heathcliff. Make a speech to the class in which you try to justify the way you acted towards the other people in the story. 8. Write the entry in Catherine’s diary in which she discusses her developing friendship with Hareton after being forced to live at Wuthering Heights. 9. Wuthering Heights is set in the Yorkshire moors. Using an encyclopedia or the Internet to help you, write a paragraph about the Yorkshire moors. 10. It is unusual to find three sisters who are all authors. Using an encyclopedia or the Internet to help you, write a paragraph about the three Brontë sisters, Emily, Charlotte and Anne.

6

Wuthering Heights

AFTER READING: GROUP WORK TO

THE

TEACHER:

1. Hand out some of the following statements to the groups. 2. The groups discuss the statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) and give reasons for their answers. 3. The group spokesperson reports the group’s ideas to the whole class.

TO

THE

STUDENTS:

Discuss the following statements. Decide if each is true (T) or false (F). Support your opinions with observations and details from the story.

Statement

T/F

Examples to support our opinion

1. When Mr Earnshaw brought Heathcliff into his family, things changed for the worse. 2. Edgar hated his sister, Isabella. 3. Once Hindley’s wife died, he was a changed man. 4. Nelly Dean is the central character in the book. 5. Edgar admired Heathcliff. 6. When Isabella and Heathcliff married, Cathy was pleased. 7. Catherine and Linton were an unhappy couple. 8. Heathcliff believed in ghosts. 9. Joseph plays an important part in the story.

See the Burlington Reader Series general information leaflet, pages 13-15, for more After Reading activities.

7

Group Work

POSSIBLE ANSWERS 1. When Mr Earnshaw brought Heathcliff into his family, things changed for the worse. True. From the moment Heathcliff entered the family, there was trouble. Hindley hated him from the start and shortly after, Mrs Earnshaw died. Heathcliff did not respect his neighbour, Edgar Linton, and interfered in his marriage to Cathy. He also married Isabella and made her miserable.

7. Catherine and Linton were an unhappy couple. True. They were married against her wishes, and the union was unsuccessful from the start.

2. Edgar hated his sister, Isabella. False. Edgar loved his sister and took care of her. He was only angry at her for running away with Heathcliff and for marrying him.

9. Joseph plays an important part in the story. False. He is not a central character, but he contributes to the atmosphere. Although he is a servant, he is outspoken. For instance, when Mr Earnshaw first brings Heathcliff to the house, it is Joseph who says, “He’s as dark as if he came from the devil!”

8. Heathcliff believed in ghosts. True. When Mr Lockwood spent the night at Wuthering Heights, he said he saw a young woman, a ghost. Heathcliff called to her and asked her to return to him.

3. Once Hindley’s wife died, he was a changed man. True. Hindley was heartbroken and he began to drink heavily. Because of this, he gambled and lost his money and his estate. He died a poor man. He was not a good father to his son, whom he wrongly blamed for his wife’s death. 4. Nelly Dean is the central character in the book. False. Nelly is the narrator of the story but not the central character. She plays an important part as the go-between in the relationships of Cathy and Heathcliff, Isabella and Edgar, and Catherine and Linton. She moves from one scene to the other and also makes objective comments from time to time. 5. Edgar admired Heathcliff. False. Edgar disliked Heathcliff intensely. He saw that he was a threat to his marriage with Cathy and a danger to his sister Isabella. 6. When Isabella and Heathcliff married, Cathy was pleased. False. Cathy knew that Heathcliff did not marry Isabella because he loved her, but to get revenge on the Lintons. Perhaps too, she was jealous, for she loved Heathcliff.

8

Wuthering Heights

WORKSHEET 1: CHAPTERS 1-8 A. Circle the word in column II, III or IV that has the same meaning as the word in column I. I

II

III

IV

1. attempted

tested

tried

advised

2. realised

proved

missed

understood

3. ill-humoured

sick

bad-tempered

foolish

4. rushed

ran

spoke

fell

5. on her own

in her mind

in her room

by herself

6. cheerful

upset

happy

moody

B. In each of the following sentences, fill in one blank with the name of a character from the list. Then fill in the other blank with the correct word from column I above. Joseph

Cathy

Mr Lockwood

Nelly Dean

Zillah

Heathcliff

1. ............................... , who narrates the story, is usually a ............................... woman. 2. Although the atmosphere was unfriendly when ............................... visited Wuthering Heights, he ............................... to make conversation. 3. When the dogs growled at Mr Lockwood, ............................... heard them and ............................... into the room. 4. ............................... , who is always reading the Bible, is an ............................... man. 5. When Cathy ............................... that ............................... had left Wuthering Heights, she was very upset and became ill. 6. ............................... doesn’t listen to Nelly or her husband. She decides things ............................... . C. Complete the passage using the correct form of the verbs from the list. remain visit

not use think

become light

not think not snow

not happen stay

Heathcliff’s servant Zillah took Mr Lockwood upstairs to a room that 1. ............................... in the house, warning him to be quiet. She 2. ............................... a candle and left him. Mr Lockwood 3. ............................... to himself, “If I 4. ............................... at home, this 5. ............................... . It 6. ...................................... when I left Thrushcross Grange. Why didn’t I listen to my housekeeper and 7. ............................... at home? I 8. ............................... that I 9. ............................... this miserable house again. I am sorry because I thought that Mr Heathcliff and I 10. ............................... friendly neighbours.” D. Choose the correct word in each sentence. 1. Wuthering Heights is situated in an (ill-humoured / upset / isolated) part of the Yorkshire moors. 2. Mr Lockwood is the (landlord / owner / tenant) at Thrushcross Grange. 3. Cathy and Heathcliff (nursed / mourned / noticed) Mr Earnshaw’s death. 4. Cathy is ruled by her (emotions / behaviour / mercy). 5. Hindley and Heathcliff are (occasionally / never / always) on good terms with each other. 6. Heathcliff has a more (balanced / passionate / thankful) nature than Edgar.

9

Worksheet 1: Chapters 1-8

ANSWERS A. 1. tried 2. understood 3. bad-tempered 4. ran 5. by herself 6. happy B. 1. Nelly Dean / cheerful 2. Mr Lockwood / attempted 3. Zillah / rushed 4. Joseph / ill-humoured 5. realised / Heathcliff 6. Cathy / on her own C. 1. was not (wasn’t) used 2. lit 3. thought 4. had stayed / had remained 5. would not (wouldn’t) have happened 6. was not (wasn’t) snowing 7. stay / remain 8. do not (don’t) think 9. will visit 10. would become / could have become D. 1. isolated 2. tenant 3. mourned 4. emotions 5. never 6. passionate

10

Wuthering Heights

WORKSHEET 2: CHAPTERS 9-EPILOGUE A. Fill in the blanks with the correct noun, adjective or adverb. Noun 1.

Adjective

Adverb

madness

...............................

...............................

2. ...............................

...............................

truly / truthfully

3.

ice

...............................

...............................

4. ...............................

...............................

safely

5. ...............................

scornful

...............................

6. ...............................

...............................

wishfully

B. Use the correct words from the table above to complete the following sentences. 1. Isabella thought that Heathcliff would be good and kind to her. However, the ............................... was very different. 2. When Nelly touched Heathcliff’s hand, it was ............................... . 3. Heathcliff loved Cathy ............................... and passionately. 4. Heathcliff often spoke ............................... to those around him. 5. It was Heathcliff’s ............................... that Catherine and Linton marry. 6. Edgar knew it wasn’t ............................... to leave his daughter alone without Nelly. C. Fill in the correct preposition: in, on, to, at, after or into. Nelly told Heathcliff that he could come to see Cathy 1. ............................... Sunday, 2. ............................... Edgar and the servants had gone 3. ............................... church. When Heathcliff saw Cathy, he couldn’t look 4. ............................... her eyes. “Will you be happy when I am 5. ............................... my grave?” she asked. “Don’t be cruel 6. ............................... me!” Heathcliff cried. “While you are 7. ............................... peace, I’ll be 8. ............................... Hell.” D. Change the following sentences from Direct to Indirect Speech. 1. “I called Dr Kenneth and he came straight away,” Mr Linton told Hindley. Mr Linton told Hindley that ................................................................................................................. 2. “I’m in love with Heathcliff!” Isabella said. Isabella told Cathy that ......................................................................................................................... 3. “Heathcliff cannot enter my house,” Edgar said. Edgar told Cathy that ............................................................................................................................ 4. “Will you give up Heathcliff or do you want to lose me?” Edgar asked. Edgar asked Cathy ................................................................................................................................ 5. “You’re ill,” Nelly said, “and you must eat.” Nelly told Cathy that ............................................................................................................................ 6. “Isabella and Heathcliff drove through Gimmerton this morning,” said Nelly. Nelly told Edgar that ............................................................................................................................

11

Worksheet 2: Chapters 9-Epilogue

ANSWERS Noun

A.

Adjective

Adverb

1.

madness

mad

madly

2.

truth

true / truthful

truly / truthfully

3.

ice

icy

icily

4.

safety

safe

safely

5.

scorn

scornful

scornfully

6.

wish

wishful

wishfully

B. 1. truth 2. icy 3. madly 4. scornfully 5. wish 6. safe C. 1. on 2. after 3. to 4. into 5. in 6. to 7. at 8. in D. 1. Mr Linton told Hindley that he had called Dr Kenneth and that he had come straight away. 2. Isabella told Cathy that she was in love with Heathcliff. 3. Edgar told Cathy that Heathcliff could not enter his house. 4. Edgar asked Cathy if she would give up Heathcliff or if she wanted to lose him. 5. Nelly told Cathy that she was ill and that she had to eat. 6. Nelly told Edgar that Isabella and Heathcliff had driven through Gimmerton that morning.

12

Wuthering Heights

FINAL TEST A. Choose the correct answer. 6. When Cathy realised that Heathcliff had gone, a. she was angry with Joseph and Nelly. b. she cried and became very ill. c. she didn’t care. d. she told Nelly that she really loved Edgar.

1. When Mr Lockwood visited Wuthering Heights the second time, a. Joseph welcomed him. b. Nelly welcomed him. c. Hareton and Catherine were happy to see him. d. he was not given a warm welcome.

7. Isabella wanted to marry Heathcliff because a. she was in love with him. b. he lived at Wuthering Heights. c. she wanted to live in London. d. he was a gypsy.

2. Mr Lockwood could not return home that night, because a. the moors were covered in deep snow. b. he was too tired to walk home. c. Heathcliff wanted to talk to him. d. he felt ill.

8. Edgar hit Heathcliff because a. Heathcliff insulted him. b. Heathcliff wanted to marry Isabella. c. Heathcliff was a gypsy. d. no one knew who Heathcliff’s parents were.

3. When Heathcliff was a child, Joseph, the servant, treated him a. the way he treated everyone. b. like a gentleman. c. cruelly. d. kindly by giving him advice.

9. Heathcliff wanted Catherine and Linton to a. go and live in London. b. write letters to each other. c. get married. d. live at Thrushcross Grange.

4. Hindley was sent to a boarding school because a. he wasn’t learning enough. b. he didn’t like working on the farm. c. he was jealous of his sister. d. he and Heathcliff were always fighting.

10. After Heathcliff died, the local people said a. that he was Mr Earnshaw’s son. b. that he loved Cathy with all his heart. c. that they had seen his ghost and Cathy’s running on the moors. d. that he was a gentleman.

5. After Heathcliff overheard Cathy talking to Nelly, a. he sat down and listened. b. he liked what he heard. c. he left Wuthering Heights. d. he was not surprised.

40 points (4 points each) B. Choose the correct answer. The Earnshaw family (1. had lived / was lived) at Wuthering Heights for generations. When Mr Lockwood arrived (2. at / to) Thrushcross Grange, he wanted to get to know his neighbours. He (3. began / set out) early, walking over the moors (4. towards / at) Wuthering Heights. On his arrival, he (5. knocked / knocked on) the door. The people (6. don’t receive / didn’t receive) him warmly, and the atmosphere was cold. He soon realised that they were not (7. interesting / interested) in meeting new (8. persons / people). On his way home, he (9. felt / feel) that the visit (10. was been / had been) useless. 30 points (3 points each)

C. Choose one topic and write a paragraph. Your paragraph should be at least 80 words long. 1. Compare the characters of Heathcliff and Edgar. 2. Write about the relationship between Cathy and Heathcliff. 3. Did you like this story? If so, why? If not, why not? 30 points 13

Final Test

ANSWERS A. 1. d

3. c

5. c

7. a

9. c

2. a

4. a

6. b

8. a

10. c

B. 1. had lived

6. didn’t receive

2. at

7. interested

3. set out

8. people

4. towards

9. felt

5. knocked on

10. had been

C. Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. Possible points for inclusion: 1. Heathcliff was afraid of no one. He stood up to Hindley and didn’t complain when Joseph beat him. He was also a man of principle and deep pride. When Cathy told Nelly that she could never marry Heathcliff because he was poor, he ran away. Edgar is a more fearful man and a weak one. He stands up to Heathcliff, but he doesn’t have the power to stop him. Heathcliff even calls him a coward. Yet Edgar has a kind heart and is a caring person. He loves Cathy and his attitude to his daughter, Catherine, is a protective, loving one. These two characters, Heathcliff and Edgar have opposite natures. Heathcliff is emotional and passionate whereas Edgar is more reasonable and moderate. Because of their contrasting personalities and their love for Cathy, they were bound to clash. 2. While they were growing up, Cathy and Heathcliff developed a strong friendship and a deep love. There was also a sense of solidarity; Cathy and Heathcliff against Hindley and Joseph. But Cathy refused to marry Heathcliff because he was poor. The relationship changes when Heathcliff returns, looking like a gentleman, and finds that Cathy is married to the wealthy Edgar Linton. Heathcliff feels that Cathy has betrayed him by marrying someone else. The obsessive love Heathcliff and Cathy have for one another is intense and dramatic, and perhaps it is this love that destroys them both in the end. It is also a love that survives death, a love that extends beyond the grave.

14

Wuthering Heights

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN THE READER These answers relate to the questions on pages 73-75 of the reader itself. Chapter 1

Chapter 7

1. In order to meet his landlord who was also his nearest neighbour. Mr Lockwood was hoping they might become friends. 2. Mr Heathcliff was a handsome gentleman with a dark complexion. He seemed intelligent but was also very rude and unfriendly.

1. Frances, Hareton’s mother, died and Hindley, his father, was devastated. He began drinking and was often violent. 2. Cathy confessed that she loved Heathcliff but that she would marry Edgar Linton to be a rich lady. 3. Heathcliff went away and nobody saw him for a long time. 4. Cathy went out in the rain to look for him and became dangerously ill.

Chapter 2 1. A young man called Hareton Earnshaw and a young woman who was Heathcliff’s daughterin-law. 2. Heathcliff was very rude and acted as if he hated them.

Chapter 8 1. Cathy was taken to the Linton’s house, Thrushcross Grange. 2. Cathy and Edgar Linton were married. 3. Heathcliff appeared six months later. 4. Cathy was very happy. Edgar called Heathcliff a gypsy but reluctantly allowed Cathy to receive him.

Chapter 3 1. Because it was too dark to find his way and the moors were covered in deep snow. Mr Lockwood was afraid he’d get lost. 2. Mr Lockwood heard strange noises outside, and when he opened the window, a strange young woman grabbed his hand and asked him to let her in. He was terrified. 3. It was frightening. Heathcliff’s face was white and his hand trembled. He was full of anger and pain and told Mr Lockwood to leave that room at once.

Chapter 9 1. That she was in love with Heathcliff. 2. Cathy warned Isabella that Heathcliff was cruel and Nelly told her to forget him. Chapter 10 1. At first, Heathcliff didn’t take Edgar seriously, but after the situation became violent, he forced the door open and left. 2. Cathy locked herself in her room. She refused to eat and became very ill. 3. Isabella had run away with Heathcliff to Gimmerton.

Chapter 4 1. Nelly Dean was Mr Lockwood’s housekeeper. She had formerly worked in Wuthering Heights as a servant. 2. Joseph thought the boy came from the devil. He kicked him down the stairs and threw him into the stable.

Chapter 11

Chapter 5

1. That Nelly and Cathy were right about Heathcliff and that she was very unhappy. She begged Nelly to visit her. 2. He asked Nelly to help him see Cathy. 3. Cathy’s expression was one of pure joy. She held him tight and refused to let him leave. 4. Cathy gave birth to a baby girl, but her own condition got worse and she died two hours later. 5. Isabella was wet and dirty, her hair was uncombed and she had blood on her face. 6. Isabella went to Gimmerton and then to London, and five months later, she gave birth to a boy.

1. To study at a boarding school. 2. Mr Earnshaw died and Hindley returned home with his wife, Frances. 3. Hindley hated Heathcliff more than ever. 4. Cathy was bitten by dogs when she and Heathcliff were looking into the Linton’s sitting-room. Chapter 6 1. Cathy was transformed into a lady. 2. Because Edgar insulted him. 3. That one day he would get his revenge on Hindley.

15

Wuthering Heights

Chapter 12 1. Isabella, Linton’s mother, had died. 2. Linton only stayed a night at Thrushcross Grange because his father, Heathcliff, wanted the boy to be with him at Wuthering Heights. 3. Linton was the heir of Thrushcross Grange and he would inherit it when Edgar Linton died. Chapter 13 1. Heathcliff wanted Linton and Catherine to fall in love and get married so that they would both be the owners of the Grange. 2. Linton was sickly, unable to walk long distances. He had a poetic and romantic nature writing love letters to Catherine. 3. Catherine met another cousin, Hareton. 4. No. Linton continued writing love letters to Catherine. Chapter 14 1. Heathcliff told Catherine to go there and comfort young Linton who was dying from a broken heart. 2. Heathcliff took them all to Wuthering Heights and forced Catherine to marry Linton. 3. After Edgar’s death, Heathcliff wanted Catherine to look after her husband at Wuthering Heights and made Nelly stay to take care of the Grange. 4. Linton was a sick man and died a few months later. Epilogue 1. Mr Lockwood was away for three months, and when he returned, another housekeeper was at the Grange. She told him Nelly was living at Wuthering Heights, so he went to visit her. 2. Heathcliff had died. 3. Heathcliff had kept Catherine at Wuthering Heights like a prisoner. She had no one to talk to except for Hareton. Slowly, they began to get closer and she offered to teach Hareton to read and write. 4. The local people said Heathcliff had heard Cathy’s voice and tried to let her in through the window. They also said they’d seen the ghosts of Heathcliff and Cathy running on the moors at night.