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Student’s Book Answer Key Note: In communicative exercises where several answers are possible, this answer key contains some examples of correct answers, not all possible answers. Any valid answer in this type of exercise should be considered acceptable.

GRAMMAR READINESS SELF-CHECK

Gerunds and infinitives

Quantifiers for indefinite quantities and amounts

A 1. speaking

5. getting

A

2. worrying

6. to feel

1. much

4. a lot of

3. changing

7. to accept

2. many

5. some

4. being

3. much

6. many

The passive voice

The real conditional

A

A

1. One Hundred Years of Solitude was written by Gabriel García Márquez in 1967.

1. If you call me tomorrow morning, I will give / I’ll give you the information you need.

2. Fried cheese balls are eaten for lunch or snacks.

2. Will the hotel gift shop be open if I arrive after 6:00 p.m.?

3. Las Meninas was painted by the Spanish artist Diego Velázquez in 1656.

3. If you do not hurry / you don’t hurry, the fitness center won’t be / will not be open.

4. The beds are turned down every night at the Gates Hotel.

4. Will we miss the express train if we arrive at the station after 4:00?

5. Mangos are grown in many countries around the world.

5. If you click on the scroll bar, the screen will move up and down.

The past continuous

The unreal conditional

A 1. b. broke 2. a. would you do 3. a. would tell 4. c. wanted 5. b. would you feel 6. b. went Comparisons with as…as

A 1. had 2. was looking up 3. found 4. decided 5. was doing 6. crashed 7. tried 8. was trying 9. rang

A

10. said

1. London is just as exciting as Rome. / Rome is just as exciting as London.

Use to / Used to

2. The ceramic vase is not nearly as beautiful as the glass vase.

1. didn’t use to like

A

3. I’m not quite as rebellious as my sister.

2. used to be

4. The Green Hotel is almost as expensive as the Chelton Hotel.

3. Did, use to go

5. The movie Kill Bill was just as violent as War of the Worlds. / The movie War of the Worlds was just as violent as Kill Bill.

5. used to be

4. used to have 6. didn’t use to be

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1

The present perfect

9. doesn’t she

A

10. was there

1. hasn’t gotten up

LESSON 2: Describe a busy schedule

2. haven’t had 3. saw 4. ’ve stayed

GRAMMAR

A Grammar practice The following statements should be checked: 1. First I decided to take my vacation in Bangkok. Then they decided to have the meeting there.

UNIT 1

2. First she reviewed the agenda. Then she got to the meeting.

PREVIEW

3. First they asked us to turn off our cell phones. Then the CEO began her presentation.

A Answers will vary, but may include the following: Don’t be late for meetings.

B Accept answers with or without contractions.

Don’t wear denim or shorts.

1. At 8:30 Meg had already dropped off her laundry, but she hadn’t yet taken the cat to her mom’s house.

Don’t make or take calls, or text during meetings. Don’t have your phone on ring. Don’t take calls in the meeting room. Don’t use last names.

2. By 10:45 she had already taken the cat to her mom’s house, but she hadn’t yet packed for the meeting.

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

3. By 12:15 she had already picked up the sales binders at Office Solutions, but she hadn’t yet had/eaten lunch with Adam.

1. He was surprised because she is Chilean, but greeted him with the wai. He asked her where she learned it.

4. At l:30 she had already had/eaten lunch with Adam, but she hadn’t yet returned the DVDs to FilmPix.

2. Because she knew Surat was from Thailand.

5. By 2:15 she had already returned the DVDs to FilmPix, but she hadn’t yet seen the dentist.

D Think and explain

3. She meant that Surat didn’t need to call her “Ms. Segovia.” 4. It means when you are in a new place, you should follow the local customs.

6. At 5:55 she had already seen the dentist, but she hadn’t yet gotten a manicure. LESSON 3: Develop your cultural awareness

LESSON 1: Make small talk Grammar

BEFORE YOU LISTEN B

A Find the grammar

1. taboo

You’re Chilean, aren’t you?

2. punctuality

B Grammar practice

3. offensive

1. isn’t he

4. table manners

2. didn’t I

5. customary

3. isn’t he

6. etiquette

4. will she

7. impolite

5. have we

8. cultural literacy

6. wasn’t it 7. can it 8. weren’t they

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2

dating (found in Ms. Hartley’s 2nd answer and GC’s 4th question)—seeing someone romantically

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

A Listen for main ideas Subjects

1 Arturo 2 Hiroko 3 Javier / / Jettrin / Nadia Sujeet ✓

table manners greetings

✓

male / female behavior

✓

taboos

✓

offensive behavior

✓

1. She’d like to be addressed by her first name.

✓

2. She’d prefer to be called by her title and last name. ✓

✓

3. It’s customary to call people by their first name there. 4. He’s comfortable with the policy about names. 5. She prefers to use the title “Dr.”

punctuality language

grounded (found in Ms. Hartley’s 4th answer)— made by your parent to stay home, as punishment REVIEW A The following statements should be checked:

✓

dress and clothing

curfew (found in Ms. Hartley’s 4th answer)—the time that a parent sets for a son or daughter to be home at night

✓

✓

B 1. are you

LESSON 4: Discuss how culture changes over time

2. weren’t you

READING

3. have they

A Draw conclusions Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. In her 80s. 2. The present. She says the present is different “in a lot of good ways.” 3. She thinks it’s unfortunate that “they don’t have time to make a proper meal.” 4. No. She wishes that families still sat down together for meals, and that kids didn’t eat so many snacks and so much fast food. She implies that children don’t follow table etiquette anymore. She thinks boys and girls begin dating too young. She also doesn’t like how children and teens call adults by their first names.

4. had she 5. can’t I 6. will you 7. didn’t I 8. won’t we 9. weren’t they 10. aren’t they

C 1. table manners 2. etiquette 3. punctuality

B Understand from context Answers will vary but may include the following:

UNIT 2

elders (found in Ms. Hartley’s 2nd answer and GC’s 5th question)—people who are older than you and should be respected

PREVIEW C Focus on language

workforce (found in Ms. Hartley’s 3rd answer)—all the people who have a job or work in a particular area

1. e

2. c

3. b

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4. a

5. d

3

LESSON 1: Show concern and offer help VOCABULARY

C Listen to activate vocabulary dizziness nausea weakness vomiting coughing sneezing wheezing pain If pain, where? 1

✓

✓

✓

2

✓

3 ✓

4

✓

shoulder

✓

back of neck

✓

back

✓

hip

✓ ✓

5 6 GRAMMAR

LESSON 4: Talk about medications

Grammar practice

LISTENING COMPREHENSION A Listen to activate vocabulary

1. must be 2. must not want 3. must feel 4. must want 5. must not be 6. must not feel LESSON 2: Make a medical or dental appointment GRAMMAR Grammar practice 1. might be able to get 2. might have 3. A: might be B: might not have 4. B: must not be able to hear LESSON 3: Discuss types of treatments READING A Understand from context medications treatments symptoms remedies uses purposes therapies illnesses C Draw conclusions Answers will vary, but may include the following:

Name:

Name:

Didem Yilmaz

toms What are the patient’s symp

symptoms?

has a headache, feels nau

seous

has back pain patient currently taking any

Is the medications? ✓ Yes If so, which ones?

Lucy Fernández

What are the patient’s

?

Is the patient currently taking any medications? ✓ Yes No

No

If so, which ones?

antacid, painkillers

painkillers Did the patient get a presc ✓ Yes No

Did the patient get a pres cription? ✓Yes No

ription?

Name:

Mark Goh

What are the patient’s symptoms?

has red eyes Is the patient currently taking any No medications? ✓Yes If so, which ones? eye drops

Did the patient get a prescription? ✓Yes No

B Listen for d details il Didem Yilmaz twice Dosage: One tablet Side effects: ✓Yes No If so, what are they? causes nausea, vomiting

Mark Goh Dosage: Apply ointment Side effects: Yes If so, what are they?

a dayy

twice

Lucy Fernández twice a day Dosage: Side effects: ✓Yes No If so, what are they? may cause tiredness

a day

✓No

1. might not want to try: conventional medicine; might prefer: acupuncture / homeopathy 2. might not want to try: homeopathy; conventional medicine; might prefer: spiritual healing 3. might not want to try: herbal therapy / spiritual healing; might prefer: conventional medicine

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REVIEW

SPEAKING

A

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

1. The patient lost a filling when she was eating candy.

Procrastinator? Organized?

✓

Sam

2. The patient has been sneezing all day. She needs to take an antihistamine. 3. The patient needs an X-ray of his leg. 4. The patient would like to try acupuncture for pain in her back.

B Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. a painkiller

Ms. Krauss

✓

Mr. Li

✓

3. an antacid 5. cold tablets

C Answers will vary, but may include the following: 2. must be busy

He will work hard to complete all his orders. He needs to get a lot of things done in a short amount of time, and he feels motivated to work hard. She waited until the last minute to order the copies.

2. an antihistamine 4. eye drops

Explain

✓

He waited until the last minute to order the sales binders. /He wrote a to-do list.

3. must be happy 4. must be in pain LESSON 1: Offer a solution

D Accept answers with may or might: 2. An acupuncturist may be able to / might be able to help you. 3. The hotel may be able to / might be able to recommend a good dentist.

GRAMMAR A Grammar practice 1. get, to give 2. get, to buy

4. She may not be able to/ might not be able to come to the office before 6:00.

3. get, to pick up

5. You might be able to / may be able to buy an antihistamine in the hotel gift shop.

5. get, to wash

4. get, to make 6. get, to lend

B

UNIT 3

1. Why don’t you have your assistant give them a ride to the meeting?

PREVIEW

2. I might be able to have my brother buy us tickets to the game.

D Focus on language

3. Could you have your friends pick up some things for the party?

1. it’s really urgent 2. you’ve got a lot on your plate 3. I know this is last minute 4. No sweat 5. I owe you one / You’re a lifesaver

4. You should have someone make hotel reservations for us. 5. Why don’t you have your kids wash the dishes after dinner? 6. I’m sure you can have the restaurant lend you a tie.

6. I won’t keep you any longer

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C Grammar practice

LESSON 3: Evaluate the quality of service

The following words should be circled:

READING

1. recommend

A Infer point of view

2. to go

1. b

3. find 4. to clean 5. bring

2. b

2. helpful

1. get, to go

4. reliable

2. get, to pay

5. workmanship

5. get, to pick up 6. get, to take

5. b

1. reasonable 3. professional

4. get, to lend

4. b

B Activate language from a text

D Listen to activate grammar

3. get, to sing

3. a

LESSON 4: Plan an event LISTENING COMPREHENSION A Listen to confirm The following choices should be checked:

LESSON 2: Discuss how long a service will take GRAMMAR

agendas announcements hand-held mikes

A Find the grammar

handouts

I need to have these documents copied a.s.a.p.

lapel mikes

Well, I’m going through my to-do list, and I just realized I need to have fifty 30-page sales binders made up for our meeting next week.

podiums projectors signs

B Grammar practice 1. I’d like to make an appointment to have my teeth cleaned.

B Listen for main ideas

2. Could I have these two sweaters gift-wrapped?

2. some people, help put up the signs

3. Where can I have my car washed in this neighborhood?

3. colleagues, check the sound system

4. I need to have my luggage brought to my room.

5. set up each room, handouts

5. Yesterday he had his hair cut very short.

6. hand out, stand

1. brothers, to send out the announcements

4. set up the projectors

6. We need to have these photos uploaded a.s.a.p. REVIEW VOCABULARY

C Listen to activate vocabulary and grammar 1. pants lengthened 2. agenda copied / copies of the agenda made 3. photo framed

A 1. to have her dress dry-cleaned by Friday 2. to have his pants shortened (by Wednesday) 3. to have a sign printed (sooner than Thursday) 4. to have a picture framed (by 4:00)

4. sweater dry-cleaned 5. camera repaired 6. package picked up 7. menu printed

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B

LESSON 1: Recommend a book

1. Can I have my sweaters dry-cleaned by tomorrow?

GRAMMAR

2. I’d like to have this skirt lengthened. 3. Where can I have these pants shortened? 4. Could you have this document copied for me?

A Grammar practice I guess mysteries just aren’t my thing. I didn’t know he had a new book out.

5. Where did she have her painting framed?

Do you think I could borrow it when you’re done with it?

6. How much did he pay to have his camera repaired?

B Grammar practice

7. We’d like to have some handouts printed a.s.a.p.

1. I think that the author Paulo Coelho is from Brazil.

8. Can I have this packaged delivered by Friday?

2. I believe that the novel Juliet takes place in Italy.

C Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. got, to bring the check 2. got, to let us leave early 3. got, to go to the mall with them 4. get, to make an appointment for you 5. get, to explain the dosage

3. I didn’t know that U.K. author J.K. Rowling wrote a new novel in 2014. 4. Are you sure that Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa wrote the novel The Feast of the Goat in 1998? 5. Are you disappointed that U.S. author Stephen King has not won the Nobel Prize for Literature yet? 6. I’m happy that the Chinese author Mo Yan won in 2012.

6. get, to come with me

C Grammar practice 1. I think the author Paulo Coelho is from Brazil.

UNIT 4

2. I believe the novel Juliet takes place in Italy. 3. I didn’t know U.K. author J.K. Rowling wrote a new novel in 2014.

PREVIEW

D Think and explain Likes

Doesn’t like

1 can’t get enough of

4 can’t seem to get into it

2 can’t put it down

5 just aren’t my thing

3 a real page-turner

6 put me to sleep

4. Are you sure Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa wrote the novel The Feast of the Goat in 1998? 5. Are you disappointed U.S. author Stephen King has not won the Nobel Prize for Literature yet? 6. I’m happy the Chinese author Mo Yan won in 2012. LESSON 2: Ask about an article GRAMMAR

E Paraphrase Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. seen, met 2. looking around / not looking for anything special

A Find the grammar I wonder if you could recommend something for me. If you can wait till the end of the week, I’d be happy to lend it to you.

3. looking for and buying

B Grammar practice

4. temporarily use / have it when you’re done with it

1. I wonder if her daughter likes to read. 2. Could you tell me where you got that magazine?

5. give for a short time / for a while

3. I’d like to know if he’s a Bill Bryson fan. 4. I don’t understand why you don’t read newspapers.

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5. I forgot who told her about your article.

LESSON 4: Discuss online reading

6. I can’t remember when I saw the new website.

READING

LESSON 3: Describe your reading habits

A Recognize points of view

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

B Pair work

Positive aspects

Negative aspects

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

Online information is easier to read, free, and faster to access than traditional materials. We’re reading a lot more overall.

We are reading fewer books, particularly non-fiction.

• listen to audio books. • listen to audio books, do puzzles, read [articles] online, skim through [a newspaper], read electronic books / read e-books. • curl up with [a book], read aloud [to someone], listen to audio books, do puzzles • read [articles] online, skim through [a newspaper] LISTENING COMPREHENSION Listen to take notes

Online reading helps our brains cope with distractions and make clear decisions. Most people think Internet use has made us smarter.

Betty Song • Taiwan 1. novels, general fiction, short stories, books written by Japanese authors translated into Chinese 2. when she has a bit of quiet time, for example, in the morning, during lunch, or at night in bed 3. in bed, in a small room next to her living room

Internet use has negatively impacted our ability to concentrate on a single task. Some of the information online is “trash.”

B Understand meaning from context 1. b

2. d

3. a

4. e

A Type of book

Likes it?

Explain your answer

1 mystery

Y

N

He can’t wait to get to the ending; it’s a cliff-hanger.

2 travel

Y

N

He can’t get into it; it’s not a fast read.

3 romance

Y

N

She can’t put it down; it’s a pageturner.

4 autobiography

Y

N

She’s not really into it.

Melissa White • U.S.A. 1. Internet/blogs, newspapers, best-sellers, romance novels 2. during breakfast, when she gets back from work 3. on the sofa

5. c

REVIEW

Silvio Ferrante • Argentina 1. the newspaper, magazines, historical novels 2. on weekends 3. in bed, in the garden, in the bathroom

We don’t memorize—and therefore can’t recall— information as easily. Online information can contain errors.

B 1. romance novel 2. biography 3. autobiography 4. thriller 5. non-fiction 6. science fiction

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C Answers will vary, but may include the following:

3. a hurricane / typhoon

1. Do you know where the story takes place?

4. a tornado

2. I wonder who the main character in the novel is. 3. I can’t remember how much that newspaper was. 4. Could you tell me how you say this in English? 5. I don’t know what this word means.

C Listen to confirm information 1. False. She said it hadn’t rained in three months. 2. False. He said the rain hadn’t stopped in a week. 3. True. 4. False. He said the storm has done a lot of damage.

UNIT 5

GRAMMAR

PREVIEW

A Grammar practice

C FOCUS ON LANGUAGE

1. told

1. enormous, huge

2. told

2. casualties

3. had called

3. property damage

4. told

4. breaking news

5. was 6. said

LESSON 1: Convey a message

7. had to

GRAMMAR

8. said

A Grammar practice

9. was

2. Everyone is saying to get ready for a big storm.

10. said

3. The radio says to get supplies of food and water in case the roads are closed.

11. had been

4. They told her not to be home too late this / that afternoon. 5. Maria always tells them not to leave their doors open. 6. Carl told me to call him when I hear the news. B Pair work Answers will vary, but may include the following: 2. “Leave a window or door open when there’s going to be a severe storm.” 3. “Read the emergency instructions in the newspaper.” 4. “Look for the story about me in the paper on Tuesday.”

12. were 13. says 14. feels

B Grammar practice 2. He also said (that) it had caused the destruction of half the houses in the town. 3. My sister called and said (that) there was no electricity because of the hurricane. 4. The newspaper said (that) there would be a typhoon in the next thirty-six hours. 5. The paper said (that) the drought of 1999 had been the worst natural disaster of the twentieth century.

6. “Don’t wait until the snow gets heavy.”

6. After the great snowstorm in 1888, a New York newspaper reported that the blizzard of ’88 had caused more damage than any previous storm.

LESSON 2: Tell someone about the news

LESSON 3: Describe natural disasters

VOCABULARY

READING

B Listen to infer

A Paraphrase

1. a drought

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

2. a flood

1. strength

5. “Pick up some food for me on the way home.”

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2. things

B

3. reduce

1. a landslide

4. caused by

2. an epidemic

5. city

3. a hurricane / a typhoon

B Confirm facts 1. The article said the deadliest earthquake in history took place in China. 2. The article said (that) the highest Richter-scale reading was recorded in the Pacific Ocean, near the Chilean coastline. 3. The article said (that) if an earthquake strikes far from population centers, it causes fewer deaths. 4. The article said (that) modern building construction techniques and an earthquake that occurs during the day (when people are outdoors) can lessen the destruction and economic impact.

4. drought 5. a famine

C 1. told 2. said 3. said 4. told

D 1. “I know the reason there is so much property damage.”

LESSON 4: Prepare for an emergency

2. “Don’t tell the children about the storm.”

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

3. “Fill up your cars with gas before the storm.”

A Listen for main ideas

4. “Was the epidemic severe?”

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

E

The broadcaster is reporting a tropical storm, called Maria, with high winds and heavy rain coming tomorrow, October 12, between 9 and 11 a.m. Flooding is expected and an evacuation may be necessary.

1. Robert told Marie not to wait for the evacuation order. 2. Sylvia said she thought the earthquake had occurred during the night.

B Listen for details

3. The emergency broadcast said to buy bottled water before the hurricane.

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

4. They told Marlene to call them on Tuesday.

1. He said to turn your refrigerator and freezer to very cold.

UNIT 6

2. He said to put valuable papers on the highest floor of your home. 3. He said to listen to the radio for the location of shelters.

C Paraphrase 1. fill your car with gas now

PREVIEW

C Focus on language 1. d

2. b

3. c

4. f

5. a

6. e

LESSON 1: Explain a change of intentions or plans

2. bring it inside

GRAMMAR

3. buy extra batteries

Grammar practice

4. turn your refrigerator and freezer to very cold and open only when necessary, and to get a supply of non-perishable food and water

He said he was going to stop smoking. (He said he would stop smoking.)

5. listen to the radio

She said she was going to apply to law school. (She said she would apply to law school.)

REVIEW

She said she was going to find a husband. (She said she would find a husband.)

A The following lines should be checked: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10

He said he was going to marry Sylvia. (He said he would marry Sylvia.)

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VOCABULARY

B Vocabulary / grammar practice

LESSON 4: Discuss factors that promote success

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

READING

1. Laura thought she would be a doctor, but she changed her mind.

A Understand from context

2. I thought I would become an astronaut, but I didn’t pass the exam.

a habit: something that you often do, usually without thinking about it

3. We were sure Bill and Stella would get a divorce, but their families talked them out of it.

a solution: a way to solve a problem

4. Joe always believed he would become a writer, but it’s hard to make a living as a writer.

C Listen to activate vocabulary 1. sculptor, it was impossible to make a living 2. marry, his parents convinced him not to do it 3. lawyer, she couldn’t pass the entrance exam 4. marry, her tastes changed LESSON 2: Express regrets about past actions GRAMMAR

A Grammar practice 1. must have been 2. should have studied, would have been

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

volunteer: offer to do something. prioritize: put your tasks in order of strategic importance

B Confirm content 1. Work habits. 2. To show that they are keen learners and are not afraid of hard work. 3. Because if you are nice to people, they will go out of their way to help you. 4. You become more productive, and that increases your chance of career success. 5. You stay focused on your goals so you make better decisions and get more things done. 6. People may think of you as a “complainer.”

3. might have been

REVIEW

4. should not have bought

A

5. should not have broken up 6. may have decided LESSON 3: Discuss skills, abilities, and qualifications LISTENING COMPREHENSION

A Listen for details 2. d 3. f

Why did the person change his or her mind? 1 Because his parents convinced him it would be hard to have a family. 2 Because she didn’t want to cancel her trip to Canada. 3 She wasn’t getting paid enough, and she likes law. 4 His English wasn’t good enough

Any regrets? No

Yes

No Yes

4. i 5. e 6. b 7. g 8. c 9. a

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B Answers will vary, but may include the following: Qualification 1 athletic ability 2 artistic ability 3 mathematical ability 4 logical thinking ability 5 a good memory 6 leadership skills

Definition able to play sports well showing skill and imagination in art showing skill with numbers able to think carefully, using formal methods able to recall information easily be good at leading a team, organization, or country

Occupation or Study professional tennis player painter

LESSON 1: Wish someone a good holiday VOCABULARY

C Listen to activate vocabulary

scientist

Type of What people do to celebrate holiday Mardi Gras religious wear costumes, dance in a huge parade, (U.S.) throw necklaces and candy to people Bastille Day historical dance in the streets, eat all kinds of foods, (France) have military parades, set off fireworks Tsagaan Sar seasonal clean house, wear new clothes, make (Mongolia) traditional food, give gifts, watch wrestling matches and horse races

business management

GRAMMAR

mathematician philosophy professor

D Answers will vary, but may include the following: 2. They could have been happy together. 3. They shouldn’t have sold it. 4. She might have taken a crash course. 5. He must have had an accident.

A Understand the grammar 2. Chuseok is a Korean seasonal holiday that celebrates the yearly harvest. 3. The woman who designed those amazing costumes for the parade is really talented. 4. The celebrations that take place in Brazil during Carnaval are really wild! 5. People who remember April Fool’s Day every April 1st have a lot of fun.

UNIT 7 PREVIEW

D Paraphrase Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. It happens / occurs in September or October. 2. We visit / gather with our relatives. 3. The train stations are very crowded. 4. The traffic is very bad. 5. It makes me remember / brings up memories of Eid al-Adha.

6. The Dragon Boat Festival in China is a holiday that takes place in May or June. LESSON 2: Ask about local customs GRAMMAR

A Understand the grammar 2. On the Day of the Dead, Mexicans remember family members who they have died. They is not necessary because who is the subject of the clause.

3. The tomatoes that people throw them at each other during La Tomatina in Buñol, Spain, make a terrible mess. Do not use an object pronoun after the verb.

4. The performer who sang that traditional holiday ^ song is world-famous. You cannot omit the relative pronoun when it is the subject of the clause.

5. The fireworks people set them off during the summer festivals in Japan are very beautiful. Do not use an object pronoun after the verb.

B Grammar practice 2. you met yesterday 3. you saw in the parade 4. who visit other countries 5. people celebrate in Australia

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LESSON 3: Exchange information about holidays

REVIEW

READING

1. a honeymoon; T

A Scan for facts

2. an engagement; T

On this holiday, people… give gifts. wear costumes. pray. wish each other well. get together with their families. perform traditional dances. decorate their homes. celebrate for several days. give away money. have parades. avoid eating during the day.

Ramadan

¡ ¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ¡ ¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ¡ ✓ ¡

Chinese New Year ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡

A

Bolívar’s Birthday

¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ✓ ¡ ¡

¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ✓ ¡ ¡

Which holiday is celebrated in more than one country? ✓ Ramadan ✓ Simón Bolívar’s Birthday ¡ ¡ Chinese New Year ¡

3. a bride; F, “the bride” should be changed to a guest. 4. relatives; T

B 1. set off fireworks 2. march in parades 3. have picnics 4. spend time with their families

LESSON 4: Explain wedding traditions LISTENING COMPREHENSION

A Listen for main ideas

5. wear costumes 6. give gifts 7. wish

The following sentence should be checked:

C Answers will vary, but may include the following:

b There’s a lot of preparation before an Indian wedding.

2. Eid ul-Fitr is a religious holiday that lasts four days.

B Listen for details The following words should be circled: 1. five

3. A honeymoon is a vacation that people take after they get married. 4. A hanbok is a traditional dress that Korean people wear during Chuseok.

2. wedding

5. A wedding reception is a party that people give after the wedding ceremony.

3. groom’s

6. Chuseok is a holiday that people celebrate in Korea.

4. groom 5. groom 6. bride’s

UNIT 8

C Listen for main ideas

PREVIEW

The following should be checked:

C Paraphrase

a the wedding ceremony

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

D Listen for details feet 1. Relatives wash the bride’s and groom’s hands. ^ ✓ 2. The bride is seated behind a cloth so the groom cannot see her. ✓ 3. Relatives throw rice grains at the bride and groom. ✓ 4. The couple gives each other rings made of flowers. golden 5.The groom places a flower necklace around the bride’s neck.

1. got a lot of mosquito bites 2. bit us a lot 3. a lot of 4. have to use it even if you don’t like it 5. You may not want to use the insect repellent, but ... 6. won’t agree

D Think and explain 1. itching 2. in the mountains 3. through a hole in the screen

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13

4. because it isn’t organic or natural 5. mosquito nets to hang over the bed LESSON 1: Describe technology

2. We couldn’t have had this digital video conference if an Internet connection hadn’t been available.

VOCABULARY

3. If our huge old camcorder hadn’t broken, we wouldn’t have bought this smaller one.

B Listen to activate vocabulary

4. If she hadn’t taken her smart phone, she wouldn’t have known they canceled her flight.

1. state-of-the-art 2. high-end 3. cutting-edge

5. If they hadn’t had good weather, they couldn’t have landed in Alaska this morning.

4. novel

6. If the weather had been better, we would have gone to the beach.

5. top-of-the-line

PRONUNCIATION

GRAMMAR

B Listening comprehension

A Understand the grammar

1. Where did they go?

The following statements should be checked:

2. Who did they talk to?

2. If you turned off your phone in the theater, it wouldn’t bother the other theatergoers.

3. When did you buy that car?

4. She would explain how to use the Digicon remote telephone if she were here.

B Grammar practice

4. If I had wanted that laptop, we would have gotten it. 5. If we had known we couldn’t use that scanner, we wouldn’t have tried. 6. Why did they try to fix the coffeemaker?

1. were, would 2. invented, would

LESSON 3: Describe new inventions

3. knew, would

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

4. would, broke

B

C

Definition

Adjective

A product or invention

1. Most people would buy high-end products if they had enough money.

the only one of its kind

unique

Answers will vary.

2. If there were an Internet connection in her room, could she send her office the report now?

pretty silly

wacky

Answers will vary.

3. I would not get a Lunetti phone if I had all the money in the world.

doesn’t use modern technology

low-tech

Answers will vary.

4. If you went to Airport Electronics, would you pay a lot less for a top-of-the-line tablet?

uses modern technology

high-tech Answers will vary.

LESSON 2: Take responsibility for a mistake

doesn’t waste time, money, or energy

efficient

GRAMMAR

A Understand the grammar

wastes time, money, or energy

1. a I went to class.

inefficient Answers will vary.

2. a We got lost.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

3. b They didn’t lose this year’s crop.

A Listen to draw conclusions

4. a They canceled the flight.

B Grammar practice 1. What would you have done if you had missed the train?

Answers will vary.

4 – The Robo-Tiller 3 – The All-Body Umbrella 1 – The Pet Exit 2 – The Vac-Bot

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14

B Listen to summarize Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. The cats woke her up three times last night. 2. The floor is dirty, and they have one hour to clean up. 3. Cars splashed water on her skirt.

3. If most people cared about the environment, there wouldn’t be so much pollution. 4. Would new cars be less expensive if CEOs of car companies were paid less? 5. If Ella had known that being a teacher was so hard, she would have chosen a different career.

4. He has to get the soil ready for the tomatoes, and he has a lot of work to do in the home. LESSON 4: Discuss the impact of inventions/ discoveries

UNIT 9 PREVIEW

READING

D Paraphrase

A Find supporting details

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

1. I want to hear what’s going on with you.

1. They kill or stop bacteria from multiplying.

2. What have you been doing lately?

2. Because it’s caused by a virus.

3. Some people might be offended by that question.

3. Because it’s caused by bacteria. 4. Overuse of antibiotics has caused bacteria to become resistant, which can render the antibiotic less effective or useless. In turn, people may begin to die from those bacteria.

4. Don’t worry about it. 5. To tell the truth, I haven’t decided. 6. I’m considering voting for Clancy.

E Think and explain

B Understand from context

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

1. A vaccine

1. Because he is surprised to meet the person he had been meaning to call.

2. Bacteria 3. with a microscope

2. There’s been a lot of activity at his workplace lately.

4. Penicillin 5. upper respiratory 6. resistance

3. Because he is not sure it’s polite to ask political questions in the U.S.

REVIEW

4. Because they’re friends and he doesn’t want Carlo to offend anyone.

A 1. d

2. c

3. b

4. a

LESSON 1: Talk about politics GRAMMAR

B The following statements should be checked:

A Grammar practice

1. We didn’t bring it, and we got lost.

The following words should be circled:

2. The salesclerk isn’t here, so she won’t explain how the Omni works.

1. advice, is

3. Ron didn’t bring the Ultraphone, so he hasn’t sent those e-mails yet.

2. Poverty, was 3. health, education 4. peace, work

C Answers will vary, but may include the following:

5. is

1. If the computer hadn’t been invented, I wouldn’t have been able to book my vacation online. 2. If I had to decide what the most important scientific discovery in history was, I would say it was penicillin.

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15

3. We persuaded our friends to vote for our candidate.

B Grammar practice information

Here’s some political informations about the ^ is

election. The good news are that both candidates ^ have programs for the education. The liberal help

candidate, Bill Slate, says financial helps for the ^ Poverty is schools are a question of the justice. The poverty ^ ^ has affected the quality of the schools, and students from schools in poor areas don’t have a success. Joanna Clark, the conservative candidate, disagrees. She believes a progress has been made by investing in the teacher education. Her advice is

advices are to keep the old policy. “Creating better ^ schools takes the time and a patience,” she says.

4. Our teacher always encourages students to study every night, not just the day before the exam. 5. Can’t we convince legislators to lower taxes on property? LESSON 3: Propose solutions to global problems READING

A Understand from context 1. c 2. b 3. e 4. a

VOCABULARY

5. d

B Listen to infer and activate vocabulary

6. f

radical 1 2 3 4 5

liberal

moderate conservative reactionary

He’s She’s He’s She’s He’s

B Activate language from a text The following words should be crossed out: 1. politics 2. racism

LESSON 2: Discuss controversial issues politely VOCABULARY

3. discrimination 4. domination 5. business

B Listen to activate vocabulary The issues they discuss 1 2 3 4 5

For Against

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

prohibiting smoking indoors compulsory military service raising the driving age lowering the voting age censorship of TV programs

Listen to summarize Answers will vary, but may include the following: Dictatorship: In favor: effective, efficient, and people live in peace; Against: morally wrong, people have no rights

C Listen to infer issues they discuss C ListenThe to infer 1 2 3 4 5

prohibiting smoking indoors compulsory military service raising the driving age lowering the voting age censorship of TV programs

LESSON 4: Debate the pros and cons of issues

For Against ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Democracy: In favor: people have the power to vote for who they want; Against: a president who only has a small percentage of the votes Monarchy: In favor: traditions and history; Against: not the real government, costs a lot of money REVIEW

A GRAMMAR

1. ethnic groups

A Grammar practice

2. Sorindians

2. Did you remind your daughter to complete her voter registration card?

3. ethnic discrimination

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16

4. terrorism 5. city from the countryside 6. corruption

LESSON 1: Describe a geographical location GRAMMAR

B

A Grammar practice

Many candidates running for election make promises about education. But progress comes slowly, and information is hard to get. Voters would like to see proof that their advice is being followed. For instance, we are just now receiving news of education statistics and it’s not very good. Help is needed, and time is necessary to improve our schools.

1. on, of

C 1. b

2. in, of 3. on, of 4. of 5. of 6. on 7. on 8. to, of

2. b

LESSON 2: Warn about a possible risk

3. b

VOCABULARY

4. a

B Listen to infer 1. risky 2. risky

UNIT 10 PREVIEW

3. not risky 4. risky

B

C Listen to activate vocabulary

1. Nicaragua and Panama

1. really slippery, mosquitos

2. Central Volcanic Range

2. bears, quite exhausting

3. La Amistad

3. scorpions, jellyfish

4. Lake Arenal

4. really steep, snakes

5. Approximately 80 km / 48 miles

GRAMMAR

6. The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea

D Focus on language Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. No, I haven’t. 2. Really? 3. Was it worth the trouble of visiting? 4. You should go. 5. … go slowly / take your time 6. Can I do that in two days? 7. I’m sure you can do them both.

Grammar practice 1. It’s too dangerous for you to go to that neighborhood alone. 2. The pyramid at Teotihuacán is too steep for older tourists to climb. 3. It’s too late for your friends to catch the last train to the capital. 4. The path is too rocky for your children to walk on safely. 5. It’s really too hot for us to go hiking to the waterfall today. 6. Don’t you think this map is too confusing for them to understand?

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17

LESSON 3: Describe a natural setting

C

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

1. on, of

A Listen for main ideas

2. is south of

1. c. Canada

3. is southeast of

2. a. a park

4. is, 33 km / 21 miles

3. c. go hiking

5. are on, east/eastern

4. d. mountainous GRAMMAR BOOSTER

B Listen for details 1. forests

UNIT 1

2. lake

Lesson 1

3. waterfalls 4. hotel

Throughout the Grammar Booster, accept full or contracted forms for answers.

5. views

A

6. air

1. A: wouldn’t

7. path

B: she would

8. glacier

2. A: isn’t B: it isn’t

LESSON 4: Discuss solutions to global warming

3. A: didn’t

READING

B: we did

A Understand from context

4. A: aren’t

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

B: they aren’t

1. oil, coal, natural gas

5. A: were there

2. negative changes to the environment resulting from climate change

B: there weren’t 6. A: do

3. filled

B: I don’t

4. make smaller in amount

7. A: is

5. limiting

B: there isn’t

6. an increase

8. A: isn’t it REVIEW

B: it is

A

9. A: can’t

1. a canyon; no 2. a waterfall; yes

B: you can 10. A: isn’t it

3. an island; yes

B: it isn’t

4. a valley; no

B Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. is too rocky 2. are too slippery to 3. It’s too dark to 4. It’s too dangerous to

B isn’t

2. It’s only a six-month course, is it? ^ he

3. Clark met his wife on a rafting trip, didn’t Clark? ^ didn’t

4. Marian made three trips to Japan last year, hasn’t ^ she?

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18

5. There were a lot of English-speaking people

B 1. have been coming

weren’t there

on the tour, wasn’t it? ^ 6. The students don’t know anything about

2. has been playing 3. has been waiting

do

4. have been worrying about

that, don’t they? ^ 7. There isn’t any problem with my student visa, is

isn’t there? ^ 8. It’s always interesting to travel with people isn’t it

from other countries, aren’t they? ^ 9. With English, you can travel to most parts of can’t

the world, can you? ^ aren’t

5. has been talking about

C been waiting

✔ 2 We have waited to see them for six months. ^

been eating

✔ 5 We have eaten at that old Peruvian restaurant for years. ^

been studying

✔ 7 How long have they studied Arabic? ^

10. I’m next, don’t I? ^ Lesson 2

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A

UNIT 2 ‘m talking

1. I talk on the phone with my fiancé right now. ^ She

avoids

2. She’s usually avoiding sweets. ^ ^ ‘re eating

3. They eat dinner now and can’t talk on the ^ phone. I go

4. Every Friday I’m going to the gym at 7:00. ^ wants

5. Burt is wanting to go home early. ^ ‘re all studying

6. Today we all study in the library. ^ leaves

7. The train is never leaving before 8:00. ^ freezes

8. Water is freezing when the temperature goes ^ down. We like

9. We’re liking coffee. ^

I stay

10. On most days I’m staying home. ^

Lesson 1 1. He probably / most likely has a terrible cold. OR Probably / Most likely he has a terrible cold. 2. She’s probably / most likely feeling very nauseous. OR Probably / Most likely she’s feeling very nauseous. 3. They probably / most likely don’t like going to the dentist. OR Probably / Most likely they don’t like going to the dentist. 4. The dentist probably / most likely isn’t in her office today. OR Probably / Most likely the dentist isn’t in her office today. 5. Acupuncture is probably / most likely very popular in Asia. OR Probably / Most likely acupuncture is very popular in Asia. 6. A conventional doctor probably / most likely has to study for a long time. OR Probably / Most likely a conventional doctor has to study for a long time. Lesson 2 1. Maybe his doctor uses herbal therapy. OR Maybe his doctor will use herbal therapy. 2. Maybe conventional medicine is the best choice.

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19

3. Maybe the doctor wants to take a blood test. OR Maybe the doctor will want to take a blood test.

Lesson 2 Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. You should have / get that picture framed by Lydia at Austin Custom Framing.

4. Maybe she prefers to wait until tomorrow. 5. Maybe they’re afraid to see a dentist.

2. You should have / get your hair cut at the Curl Up Hair Salon.

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

3. You should have / get your photos printed at the mall.

UNIT 3

4. You should have / get a suit made by Luigi at Top Notch Tailors.

Lesson 1

5. You should have / get your sweaters drycleaned at Midtown Dry Cleaners.

A 1. Nick’s mother made him apologize 2. Are you going to make your friends tell 3. Our teacher might make us turn off

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

4. Should we make your sister pay

UNIT 4

5. No one can make Gail come

Lesson 1

6. they will make your husband wear

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

7. Can we make the theater give

1. (that) I would be tall one day. 2. (that) I would go back to school.

B 1. Don’t let your younger brother open the oven door.

3. (that) I can play the piano pretty well.

2. You should let your little sister go to the store with you.

5. (that) I had a doctor’s appointment.

4. (that) you returned my book. 6. (that) they were planning a trip.

3. We don’t let our daughter eat a lot of candy.

7. (that) we go on an exciting vacation.

4. I wouldn’t let my youngest son go to the mall alone.

8. (that) I enjoy learning new languages. 9. (that) I liked to cook.

5. Will you let your children see that movie? 6. You should let them make their own decision.

10. (that) I used to ride horses. 11. (that) I won’t find a good job.

7. We always let him stay out late.

12. (that) I was traveling to the moon.

C 1. Janet called her mother. Janet’s mother called the train station. 2. Mark’s friends helped Mark. Mark helped his friends. 3. My father signed the check. My father’s boss signed the check. 4. They opened the bank. Mr. Gates opened the bank.

Lesson 2

A 1. I can’t remember whether there’s a test today. 2. We’re not sure whether the restaurant is still open at 10:00 p.m. 3. Could you tell me whether the movie has started yet? 4. I wonder whether this hotel has 24-hour room service.

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5. Would she like to know whether there’s an express train? 6. Do you know whether this book has a happy ending?

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

UNIT 5 Lesson 1

A

B 1. Please let me know when the movie starts.

1. Martin told me, “Don’t get a flu shot.”

2. I wonder where the subway station is.

2. My daughter said, “Please pick me up after school.”

3. Can you tell me how you know that? 4. We’re not sure what we should bring for dinner.

3. The English teacher said, “Read the newspaper tonight and bring in a story about the weather.”

5. They’d like to understand why Pat doesn’t want to come to the meeting.

4. We said, “Please don’t forget to listen to the news.”

6. Please tell the class who painted this picture.

5. They said, “Don’t buy milk.”

C

6. We told them, “Please call us in the morning.”

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

7. She said, “Please tell your parents I’m sorry I can’t talk right now.”

1. Would you mind telling me what time the concert starts? 2. Could you explain how this new e-reader works? 3. Do you know why the express train is late?

B 1. The sign downtown said, “Pack emergency supplies before the storm.”

4. Can you tell me where the nearest bathroom is?

2. Your daughter told me, “Turn on the radio and listen to the news about the flood.”

5. I wonder who speaks English at that hotel.

3. Your parents said, “Don’t call us before 9 A.M.”

6. I’m not sure when Flight 18 arrives from Paris.

4. Mr. Rossi phoned to tell me, “Don’t go downtown this afternoon.”

D if / whether

goes

Lesson 2

1. Could you please tell me does this train go to ^ ? ^ Nagoya. ^

1. Last Friday my husband said he was going to pick up some things at the pharmacy before the storm.

2. I was wondering can I can get your phone ^ ^ . number?. ^ 3. I’d like to know what time does the next bus arrives? ^ 4. Can you tell me how much does this

2. My next-door neighbors said they are going to Spain on vacation this year.

if / whether

?

magazine costs. ^ 5. Do you remember where did he used to live? ^ 6. I’m not sure why do they keep calling me. if / whether

.

7. I wonder will she will come on time? . ^ ^ ^

3. She told them this year’s flu shot is not entirely protective against the flu. 4. He just said the danger of a flood is over. 5. We always say it’s easier to take the train than drive. 6. When I was a child, my parents told me it’s really important to get a good education. 7. The National Weather Service is saying that tonight’s weather is terrible. 8. Your parents just told me they want to leave for the shelter immediately.

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21

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

2. We have a meeting that begins at 9:30 every morning.

UNIT 6

3. The celebration that takes place in spring is exciting.

Lesson 1

4. The teacher who teaches the grammar class is not very formal.

A The following sentences should be checked:

5. Patients who want to avoid strong medications might prefer homeopathy.

3. You should call me tomorrow. 4. He might have time to see you later. 5. My parents are arriving at 10:00.

6. The copy shop that offers express service is closed on weekends.

6. I’m taking my daughter out for dinner tonight.

7. The hotel that has three swimming pools is very expensive.

9. We may stay another week in Paris.

8. Do you like the teacher who teaches advanced English?

B 1. A: ‘m going to leave

B 1. themselves

B: ‘ll meet

2. himself

2. B: ‘re going to have

3. myself

3. B: ‘m going to see

4. myself

4. B: ‘ll come

5. herself

5. B: ‘ll show

6. myself

Lesson 2

A 1. Should you have studied Swahili?

7. himself

C 1. teach himself

2. I ought to have gone to New Zealand instead of Australia.

2. hurt herself

3. Should you have taken the job at the embassy?

3. enjoy yourself

4. I shouldn’t have studied law.

D 1. by themselves

B 2. Lauren wishes she hadn’t bought that car.

2. by himself

3. Carl’s wife wishes Carl hadn’t bought a convertible.

3. by yourself

4. Ms. Baker wishes the students had studied more for the exam. GRAMMAR BOOSTER

UNIT 7 Lesson 1

A

4. by ourselves

E 1. On New Year’s Eve in New York City, people wait in Times Square for midnight to come so they can kiss each other / one another and wish each other / one another a happy new year. 2. During the Thai holiday Songkran, people throw water at each other / one another on the street.

1. My cousin who lives in New Zealand called today.

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22

3. During the Tomato Festival in Buñol, Spain, people have a lot of fun throwing tomatoes at each other / one another for about two hours. 4. After a day of fasting during Ramadan, Muslims around the world invite each other / one another home to have something to eat that evening.

10. He won’t eat at that restaurant if they tell him he has to wear formal clothes. / He wouldn’t eat at that restaurant if they told him he had to wear formal clothes.

B 1. would write 2. had spent

Lesson 2

3. were

1. who

4. had been

2. whom

5. had known

3. who

6. would become

4. whom

7. had

5. whom

8. had studied

6. whom

9. would go

7. whom 8. who 9. whom GRAMMAR BOOSTER

UNIT 8 Lesson 1

A 1. If you take a good picture, it can preserve memories of times you might forget. 2. If I were you, I would send them an e-mail right away. 3. If you go out today, you’ll need an umbrella. 4. Most people would eat healthy food if they understood the consequences of eating too much junk food. 5. These speakers will be OK if you use them in a smaller room. / These speakers would be OK if you used them in a smaller room. 6. If the weather gets better, I’ll go for a swim. / If the weather would get better, I’d go for a swim. 7. If I have a chance, I will work shorter hours. / If I had a chance, I would work shorter hours.

C 1. Unless you are in a hurry, you should walk. 2. Unless you care about special features, you shouldn’t consider getting the top-of-the-line model. 3. She won’t go running in the park unless her friends go with her. 4. Claire won’t buy a car unless it has a hightech sound system. Lesson 2 Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. If I were elected ruler of a country, ... I would raise taxes. 2. The car would have been invented earlier if ... people had had more free time. 3. If I were looking for a high-tech smart phone, ... I would buy one online. 4. If this laptop had been available when I was looking for one, ... I would have bought it. 5. If I didn’t want to travel, ... I wouldn’t be studying English now. 6. If I were going to take a commercial space flight today,... I would be very excited.

8. Would you ride a bicycle to work if your car broke down? 9. What would you do if I asked you to make dinner?

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23

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

UNIT 9

9. to have 10. reading 11. to join

Lesson 1

12. to not do / not doing

1. progress 2. importance 3. radicals 4. Peace

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

UNIT 10

5. Moderates

Lesson 1

6. a reactionary

A

7. advice

1. on

8. work

2. in

9. governments

3. on

10. poverty

4. in 5. on

Lesson 2

6. on

A

7. on

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

8. of

1. a Voting is a right people have in democratic countries. b He felt like voting for the radical candidate.

9. in, of 10. on 11. of

2. a She quit smoking last month. b I look forward to smoking a cigarette. 3. a She is in favor of censoring books. b His occupation is censoring movies. 4. a To permit eighteen-year-olds to vote wouldn’t be a wise decision. b They don’t want to permit that kind of behavior. 5. a They need to lower the driving age. b To lower the amount of fat in your diet is an excellent idea.

12. in

B 1. My cousins are studying French. 2. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is in northern Italy. 3. It’s on the southern coast of Australia. 4. I visit the City Museum of Art every Saturday. 5. My uncle Jack works for the United Nations. 6. The Channel Tunnel between England and France was completed in 1994. 7. She graduated from the University of Washington.

B 1. to make 2. to start

8. We liked the movie about the Great Wall of China.

3. complaining

9. My son is in the College of Sciences.

4. to do / doing

10. His father speaks Korean and Japanese fluently.

5. to watch / watching 6. to say / saying

11. Their grandson was born last March.

7. doing 8. wasting

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24

C

B 1. When she went to the Malaysia, she brought her husband with her.

Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. My sister is too young to vote.

the

2. They’re too sick to come with us.

2. A lot of people from United States teach ˆ English here.

3. This smart phone is too expensive to buy.

the

4. It’s too early to eat lunch.

3. The Haiti is the closest neighbor to Dominican ˆ Republic.

5. The meeting is too important to miss.

4. When we arrived in the Berlin, I was very excited.

1. The volume is not loud enough to hear.

the

2. She’s not old enough to watch that movie.

5. The Jordan is a country in Middle East.

ˆ the

3. That costume is not scary enough to wear on Halloween.

6. I introduced our visitors to University of ˆ Riyadh.

4. The table is not long enough to seat so many people.

the

5. The fence is not high enough to block the view.

7. I lived in People’s Republic of China for about

ˆ

two years.

the

8. Mr. Yan is a student at College of Arts and ˆ Sciences.

the

9. She is the director of English Language ˆ Institute.

the

10. She’s the most famous actress in Netherlands.

the ˆ

11. He’s interested in cultures in Far East.

ˆ

12. The Poland was one of the first countries in the Eastern Europe to change to democracy. Lesson 2

WRITING BOOSTER

UNIT 1 A Glenn, it was nice to see u yesterday at the meeting. I was wondering if we could continue the meeting sometime next week. Maybe on Tuesday at your place? There’s still a lot we need 2 discus. I know you love long meetings LMK if u wanna change the time. The following explain the reasons:

A

Use “Dear” and “first name” and a colon: “Dear Glenn:”

Answers will vary, but may include the following:

Don’t use abbreviations: “you”

1. He’s tall enough to reach the shelf.

Don’t write sentence fragments.

2. He isn’t strong enough to lift that box by himself.

Don’t use informal language: “in your office”

3. She’s thirsty enough to drink three glasses of water.

Don’t make spelling errors: “discuss”

Don’t use numbers to replace words: “to”

4. She isn’t hungry enough to eat now.

Use a period at the end of sentences. “I know you love long meetings.”

5. The movie was interesting enough to keep me awake.

Don’t use abbreviations or informal language: “Let me know if you want to change the time.”

6. The movie wasn’t exciting enough to see again.

Use a complimentary close and end with your name.

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WRITING BOOSTER

2. In my opinion, extroverts aren’t better people than introverts, but they are probably friendlier and more fun to be with.

UNIT 2

3. I believe it’s OK to wear casual clothes in an office as long as you look clean and neat.

A 1. There’s nothing scarier than having a toothache while traveling. Likewise, feeling short of breath while on the road can be a frightening experience.

B Answers will vary, but may include the following:

2. Both painkillers and antihistamines can be bought without a prescription.

1. For example, I always make to-do lists on my calendar.

3. A broken tooth requires a visit to the dentist and a lost filling does, too.

2. Whenever they have a lot of things to do, they do the easiest things first.

4. You may have to wait for the results of an X-ray. Similarly, the results of a blood test may not be ready for several days.

3. When I get a bill, I put it on a shelf, and I often forget about it. 4. I’ve never had a hard time doing things on time, such as paying bills or calling people on their birthdays.

5. An X-ray doesn’t take much time to do, and a blood test doesn’t either.

B

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Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. If you feel pain in your back, you can try taking a painkiller. On the other hand, if you have pain in your chest, you should see a doctor.

UNIT 4 B Answers will vary, but may include the following. Thirty years ago, most people in the United States, Canada, and Europe didn’t think about what to wear to work in an office. Men always wore suits and ties. Women wore suits or conservative skirt outfits. But in the 1990s, that started to change.

2. While homeopathy is fairly common in Europe, it is not as popular in the United States. 3. Unlike other types of treatments, spiritual healing uses the mind or religious faith to treat illnesses.

It began with “casual Fridays.” During the summer, some companies invited their employees to “dress down,” or wear more casual clothes to work on Fridays. The policy quickly became popular with employees. After this, it didn’t take long for employees to start dressing more casually every day of the week.

4. Conventional medicine and acupuncture have been used for thousands of years whereas homeopathy was only introduced in the late eighteenth century. 5. Many people choose conventional medicine first when they need medical help. However, about 80% of the world’s population uses some form of herbal therapy for their regular health care.

Many employees welcomed the new dress policy and the more comfortable work environment that came with it. Etiquette had definitely changed, and suits and ties were rarely seen in many offices. Some employees went as far as wearing jeans, T-shirts, and sneakers to the office. Then some people began to change their minds about casual dress at work. Many managers felt that casual dress had led to casual attitudes toward work. Now the etiquette for dress in many companies is beginning to change back again.

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UNIT 5

UNIT 3

A Answers will vary, but may include the following:

A Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. From my point of view, children should study the arts in school because it gives them the chance to express themselves freely.

Here are some things not to forget when preparing for an emergency. First, / First and most important, call your relatives who live in other places, telling them where you are so they don’t worry. Second, / Next, / Following that, have a discussion with all

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family members about the importance of listening to emergency broadcasts. Next, / Following that, keep a supply of blankets and warm jackets in case of power outages or flooding. Last, / Finally, be sure to follow all emergency instructions carefully: Your life and the life of your family could depend on it.

presentation and avoid distracting transitions.

WRITING BOOSTER

Your summary statement:

UNIT 6 A Answers will vary, but may include the following:

When presenting from a PowerPoint or Keynote presentation, look at your computer screen or handheld notes, not the screen the audience is looking at—to do that you would have to turn away from your audience and you would lose contact with the people you are presenting to.

There are a number of do’s and don’ts you should consider when preparing a PowerPoint or Keynote presentation. Bearing them in mind will help you make your presentation more successful.

Becoming a Painter / Life in Paris Hard Times / Life in Arles

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A Sad Ending

UNIT 9

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A

UNIT 7

Main idea: Some arguments for requiring helmet laws

A

Main idea: Some arguments against compulsory helmet-use laws

Answers will vary. WRITING BOOSTER

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UNIT 8

UNIT 10

A

A

There are a number of excellent presentation graphics technologies available today. Two wellknown ones are Microsoft Office’s PowerPoint™ and Macintosh’s Keynote™. No matter which technology you use, here are some do’s and don’ts that will make your presentation more successful. First, the do’s: Keep your slides concise. Keep the amount of text to a minimum because it’s hard for the audience to focus on your main points if there’s too much text. Use large letters (from 18 to 48 points) and simple, easy-to-read fonts. Use bullets to separate items in a list. Use just a few colors and keep that color scheme consistent throughout the presentation. If you project your slides in a bright room, light-colored text on dark backgrounds will be easiest to read.

Answers will vary, but may include the following: 1. In the middle of the country is the city of Cobán. 2. To the north of Anchorage is Denali National Park. 3. Along the coast are the cities of Sydney and Canberra. 4. To the north of Guatemala is Mexico. 5. In the center of the country is the city of Alice Springs. 6. East of Glacier Bay National Park is the city of Juneau.

What should a presenter avoid? Don’t use all capital letters. They are hard to read. Never use dark letters on a dark background. The presentation will be hard to see. Don’t use sound effects that are unrelated to the meaning of your

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