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• Sabin Patru

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Week 7 – Subjunctive and unreal past; conditionals

Vocabulary and grammar

1. Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense. a) Now we’re lost! If you .................................... (write down) Mary’s directions, this .................................... (not happen). b) Why don’t we emigrate? If we ............................ (live) in Australia, at least the weather ........................(be) better. c) I’m afraid that Smith is a hardened criminal. If we .................................. (not punish) him this time, he ................................... (only commit) more crimes. d) Thanks to Dr Jones, I’m still alive! If it .................................... (not be) for her, I .................................. (be) dead for certain! e) I’m sorry I can’t lend you any money. You know that if I .................................. (have) it, I .................................. (lend) it to you. f) Don’t be afraid. If you .................................. (touch) the dog, it .................................. (not bite). g) In those days, if you .................................. (have) a job, you .................................. (be) lucky. h) It’s always the same! If I .................................. (decide) to leave the office early, my boss .................................. (call) me after I’ve left! i) What a terrible thing to happen! Just think, if we .................................. (not miss) the plane, we .................................. (kill) in the crash. j) Did you enjoy your meal? If you .................................. (finish) eating, I .................................. (clear away) the plates. 2. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals. a) If you do have any free time, could you give me a ring? (SHOULD)  If you should have any free time, could you give me a ring? b) We won’t go away if the weather is bad. (UNLESS) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... c) I didn’t have the money so I didn’t buy a new suit. (WOULD) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... d) If you hurry up, you won’t be late. (GOING) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... e) If they offered you the job, would you accept? (WERE) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... f) If you are in London by any chance, come and see me. (HAPPEN) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... g) Without you, I would have given up years ago. (BEEN) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... h) Please take a seat, and I’ll inquire for you. (WILL) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3. Complete the text using one word in each gap. Neighbours and noise Do you ever wish that your neighbours (a) .........would......... turn down their music? Perhaps you’re trying to sleep and you wish that the people next door (b) .................................. not holding an all-night barbecue party in their garden. Or do you feel it is (c) .................................. you moved to an uninhabited island? Don’t worry – you are just another victim of noise pollution. Of course, most people would prefer (d) ..................................if cars (e) .................................. no noise at all, neighbours (f) .................................. as quiet as mice, and nobody (g) .................................. about the streets in cars with open windows and high-powered sound systems. You may even wish you (h) .................................. stop children from playing in the street, or planes from passing overhead. But in the end, if I (i) .................................. you I (j) .................................. just get used to it. Close the windows, buy some earplugs, laugh and turn up your own stereo. Just act (k) .................................. if the noise (l) .................................. simply not there! Who knows, perhaps it will go away!

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Week 7 – Subjunctive and unreal past; conditionals

Vocabulary and grammar

4. Choose between hope and wish in each sentence. a) I hope / wish I’ll see you again soon. b) I hope / wish I knew the answer. c) I hope / wish the weather improves soon. d) I hope / wish you’d stop shouting so much. e) I hope / wish it would stop raining. 5. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase. a) That was a narrow escape! If I had fallen, I would have broken my leg. b) If it hadn’t .................................., .................................. gone out for a walk. c) If you .................................., then I’d like it back please. d) I .................................. if Harry didn’t win the competition! e) Unless Brenda .................................. lose the race. f) If you .................................. see Mary, give her my love. g) I wouldn’t accept the job, even .................................. to me. h) If I were .................................. loved you, what would you say? i) Thanks for your help with the garden. I .................................. otherwise. j) But for Sally, Jim .................................. drowned. 6. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.

a) I regret drinking so much last night! If only ..................................................................................................................................................................... b) What would you do if there was an earthquake? Supposing ............................................................................................................................................................... c) If you do the shopping, I’ll cook lunch. You ......................................................................................................................................................................... d) What would you do if you found some buried treasure? I you were ............................................................................................. ................................................................. e) If Pauline hadn’t been interested, the project would have been abandoned. But for ..................................................................................................................................................................... f) If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know? If you happen .......................................................................................................................................................... g) I might be late. If so, start without me. If I ........................................................................................................................................................................... h) John is in prison because a detective recognised him. If a detective ............................................................................................................................................................ 7. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense. a) I would say it was time you .................................. (start) working seriously. b) I’d rather you .................................. (not watch) television while I’m reading. c) I wish I .................................. (spend) more time swimming last summer. d) Helen is so bossy. She acts as if she .................................. (own) the place. e) I wish you .................................. (not keep) coming late to class. f) Suppose a complete stranger .................................. (leave) you a lot of money in their will! g) I wish I .................................. (go) to your party after all. h) I’d rather you .................................. (sit) next to Susan, please. i) The government demanded that the ambassador .................................. (be) recalled. j) You are lucky going to Italy. I wish I .................................. (go) with you.

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Week 7 – Subjunctive and unreal past; conditionals

Vocabulary and grammar

8. Correct the error or errors in each sentence. a) I wish I bought that old house. b) I’d rather you don’t eat all the bread. c) It’s time I go. d) I wish I own a motorbike. e) I wish we are not leaving in the morning. f) Sue would rather reading than watching television. g) Come what comes, I’ll be on your side. h) I hope it would stop raining. i) I’d prefer you didn’t wait. j) I wish I didn’t listen to you before. 9. Complete each sentence with one word. a) It’s .................................. time you learned to look after yourself! b) I wish you .................................. try listening to me just for once! c) I .................................. rather go by bus, if possible. d) .................................. that as it may, it doesn’t alter the seriousness of the problem. e) I wish Carol .................................. be here to see you all. f) We both wish you .................................. staying longer. g) You .................................. as if you had played in the match instead of watching it. h) .................................. they offered you the job of managing director. i) I really wish we .................................. married. j) I .................................. you didn’t mind my phoning so late. 10. Decide whether each sentence is grammatically possible or not. a) If you haven’t received a letter yet, you haven’t got the job. b) If it isn’t for David, we are missing the bus. c) If it’s raining, we go to the pub on the corner instead. d) If you didn’t lend us the money, we would have gone to the bank. e) If you should happen to change your mind, drop me a line. f) If it wasn’t for the rain, we would have been home by now. g) If you will drive so fast, no wonder the police keep stopping you. h) If I knew you were coming, I would have met you at the airport. i) But for you helped us, we would have taken much longer. j) If Jack joins the team, I’m leaving. 11. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase. a) It’s time all of us .................................. in bed. b) .................................. may, I will always be on your side! c) I wish you .................................. the lecture instead of Professor Brown! d) Don’t rush your decision. I’d rather you .................................. over. e) The authorities .................................. the money be paid at once. f) I wish I could .................................. at your party, but I was busy I’m afraid. g) Mary sometimes acts as if she .................................. either way what happened. h) What .................................. did about that problem we discussed?

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Week 7 – Subjunctive and unreal past; conditionals

Vocabulary and grammar

12. Complete the text with one word in each gap. Environmental issues Everyone agrees that (a) .................................. the world’s tiger population is protected, tigers (b) .................................. eventually become extinct. If it (c) .................................. not for the efforts made by international campaigns over past decades, the extinction (d) .................................. already have become a fact. Tigers can coexist with human beings, (e) .................................. local people are involved in conservation. However, (f) .................................. if tiger habitats are redeveloped there is no guarantee of success. Government agencies must be involved, and there must be adequate finance; (g) .................................. conservation projects are neglected. An organised programme with safeguards must be introduced. If (h) .................................., the illegal hunters quickly move back in. (i) .................................. there were no tigers left in the world: how (j) .................................. we all feel? According to some environmentalists, that day may come sooner than later. 13. Complete the sentence with a suitable form of the verb in brackets. The Earth after humans If all people on Earth (a) ....disappeared... tomorrow, nature (b) (begin) .................................. to reclaim the planer. For a start, if people no longer (c) (pollute) .................................. the atmosphere, the air (d) (soon become) .................................. clean again. If there (e) (be) .................................. no people to maintain buildings, they (f) (soon begin) .................................. to decay, but more solid parts (g) (take) .................................. thousands of years to disappear. In general, if the 6.5 billion humans no longer (h) (compete) .................................. with other species on Earth, most species (i) (benefit) .................................. For example, if humans no longer (j) (catch) .................................. fish, the numbers of fish worldwide (k) (eventually increase) .................................. However, if humans (l) (vanish) .................................. from Earth, endangered species of animals (m) (not necessarily recover) .................................., as some are already too few in number. Some endangered species (n) (have) .................................. greater difficulty surviving if no humans (o) (take) .................................. the trouble to protect them from other species. Even if we no longer (p) (poison) .................................. the planet, several decades (q) (go by) .................................. before all dangerous chemicals (r) (disappear) .................................. And even if the burning of fossil fuels (s) (cease) .................................. tomorrow, the oceans (t) (not absorb) .................................. all the CO2 in the atmosphere for thousands of years. In the end, though, if alien visitors (u) (land) .................................. on the Earth in 100,000 years time, they (v) (find) .................................. no signs that an advanced civilization had ever lived here.

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