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UNIT 8 (FAMILY TRENDS) GRAMMAR ASPECT

QUICK REFRESHER CREATING COMPARATIVES Comparative forms are used to establish a relationship of comparison between two elements (people, objects, situations, etc.). Generally, what we compare between these elements are qualities, attributes or characteristics that can be expressed through adjectives or adverbs. BASIC STRUCTURE 

For one syllable and two syllable adjectives/adverbs ending in –y

[ADJECTIVE/ADVERB + ER + THAN] Examples: Old = older (than) Big = bigger (than) Smart = smarter (than) Easy = easier (than) Pretty = prettier (than) Friendly = friendlier (than) 

For two syllable and longer adjectives/adverbs

[MORE/LESS + ADJECTIVE/ADVERB] Examples: Easily = more easily Crowded = more crowded Interesting = less interesting Beautiful = more beautiful 

Irregular forms ADJECTIVE Good Bad Far

ADVERB Well Badly Far A little A few Many / A lot of Much / A lot of

GENERAL USES 

To show how two elements are different from each other

Examples: France is bigger than Spain. He is taller than you.

COMPARATIVE FORM Better (than) Worse (than) Farther / Further (than) Less (than) Fewer (than) More (than) Much / A lot more (than)

She felt worse than yesterday. After reading the text I am less confused than before.



To show how two elements are similar (AS + ADJ/ADV (base form) + AS)

Examples: Cats are as intelligent as dogs. Now that I have fixed it, it is just as good as before. You are as talented as him. REPEATED COMPARATIVES Used to emphasize that something is increasing or decreasing (action, element, characteristic, etc.) Examples: More and more people are marrying later. He’s getting taller and taller with each passing day. Nowadays Venezuelans are moving further and further away from their country.

DOUBLE COMPARATIVES Used to describe a cause-and-effect process between two elements (i.e. the first element affects the second one). Examples: The more education women get, the later they marry. The clearer the explanation, the better. The less children study, the more slowly they learn.

Sometimes, the use of the verb “to be” with the double comparatives is omitted. Example: The better the quality of the health care (is), the higher the life expectancy (is).

ATTENTION DO NOT USE CONTINUOUS VERB FORMS WITH DOUBLE COMPARATIVES. CORRECT  The longer couples wait to have children, the fewer children they have. INCORRECT  The longer couples are waiting to have children, the fewer children they are having.

*** Make sure to only use verbs in their infinitive form and their simple aspect (only present simple, past simple, and future forms). ***