IES Las Encinas 1º de ESO unit 8: Jazz music history 1. Jazz: the free music 1900-1930: DIXIELAND 1930-1940: SWING ER
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IES Las Encinas
1º de ESO
unit 8: Jazz music history
1. Jazz: the free music 1900-1930: DIXIELAND 1930-1940: SWING ERA 1940-1960: BEBOP AND COOL JAZZ 1960-1990: FREE JAZZ AND FUSION
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IES Las Encinas
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Basic Vocabulary
Arrangements: arreglos. To become (became, became): llegar a ser. To blend: mezclar. Call and response: llamada y respuesta. To challenge: retar. Learned by ear: aprender de oído. Loose: suelto. Marching bands: bandas de pasacalle. Merely: meramente. Nonsense: sin sentido. Primarily: principalmente. Roots: raíces. Slave: esclavo. Stage: fase. Unlike: al contrario. Whereas: mientras
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IES Las Encinas
1º de ESO
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1. Jazz: the free music
Jazz is primarily an American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in slave communities in the Southern United States from a mix of African and European music traditions. Blues, worksongs, spirituals and gospels are in the roots of jazz.
1900-1930: DIXIELAND Early Jazz - or Dixieland - developed in the early 20th century (1900 – 1930); its four main influences were ragtime, military brass bands, the blues and gospel music. Improvisation was very important in the early stages. In Dixieland jazz, musicians all improvised at the same time and the bands were originally small marching bands.
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1930-1940: SWING ERA By the swing era (19301940)
big
beginning
bands to
depend
were on
arranged music: arrangements were written or learned by ear and memorized - many early jazz performers could not read music. The most common number of instruments in a big band was (and still is) 17:
1. Five saxophones (two alto saxes, two tenor saxes and one baritone sax) 2. Four trumpets 3. Four trombones 4. Four "rhythm" instruments (piano, bass, drums, guitar).
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"Call and Response" was a common musical theme: one section (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and it would be “answered” by another section (say, the saxes); the first phrase is the call, the answer is the response (like a musical conversation).
1940-1960: BEBOP AND COOL JAZZ Bebop became important from 1940 – 1955. Bebop was primarily played by small groups (combos). A typical Bebop combo consists of two wind instruments (e.g., trumpet and saxophone) and rhythm section (piano, bass and drums). Jam sessions are informal concerts where the
musicians
play
together, challenge each other and learn from each other. Bebop was, and still is, the music that is most played at jazz
jam
because
sessions all
the
musicians need to know the song's main melody and chords. Scat singing is a vocal style where the vocalist imitates the style of Bebop jazz solos (as played by instrumentalists) using nonsense syllables. Scat solos, like their instrumental counterparts, are improvised. One of the most important scat singers was Ella Fitzgerald. Whereas Big Band Swing was considered entertainment (i.e., dance music), Bebop was considered art music (like classical music, bebop was for listening only); Bebop musicians considered themselves artists, not merely entertainers.
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Cool Jazz was developed from 1949 – 1955. Whereas Bebop was “hot” (i.e., loud, exciting and loose), Cool Jazz was “cool” (i.e., soft, more reserved and controlled). Two important aspects in Cool jazz is the improvisation and the arrangement. Cool Jazz was a blending of jazz and classical music.
1960-1990: FREE JAZZ AND FUSION
Free Jazz was the most popular style from 1959 – 1970. Unlike previous styles of jazz whose compositions were based
on
a
series
of
predetermined chords. Free Jazz compositions were not based on anything. It was called Free Jazz because the musicians were "free" to play whatever they wanted. Fusion is the blending of jazz with other styles like rock, pop, flamenco, etc.
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Activities 1.- True or false. Correct the false statements The origins of jazz are located in the north of the US. ____
Jazz origins are a mixture of Western and African musical traditions. _____
Blues, worksongs, spirituals and gospels are not in the roots of jazz. _____
In the Dixieland period the improvisation was very important. _____
In jazz roots, the first bands were Big Bands. _____
In the history of jazz, we call “The Swing Era” the 1930´s. _____
The most important characteristics in the 1930´s were the swing rhythm and musical arrangements. _____
A “combo” is a large musical ensemble. _____
Scat singing is a vocal improvisation. _____ 7
IES Las Encinas
1º de ESO
Cool Jazz was a blending of jazz and classical music. _____
Free jazz is based in arranged music. ______
2.- Match with arrows:
Slave communities
Swing Era
Dixieland
Free Jazz
Big Bands
Combos
Ella Fitzgerald
Spirituals and worksongs
Bebop
Marching bands
1959 – 1970
Scat singing
3. Short answers When did jazz music begin? How many musicians can you find in a Big Band? How did the jazz performers learn music? Which is the main way (musical technique) that jazz music is played?
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