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Future Time Clauses Dreams for the Future

Focus on Grammar 3 Part I, Unit 7 By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ Wells Copyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Future Future Dreams Dreams 11

I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.

Future Future Dreams Dreams 22

Before we have a baby, we’ll buy a bigger house.

Future Future Dreams Dreams 33

I won’t quit my job until I win the lottery.

Future Future Dreams Dreams 44

After we retire, we’re going to travel.

Form Form A complex sentence about future time has two clauses: a main clause and a time clause. I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up. Main Clause

Time Clause

Main Main Clause Clause The verb in the main clause is often in the future. MAIN CLAUSE

TIME CLAUSE

Subject

Will or be + going to

Verb (base form)

Other information

We

will

buy

a house

before we have a baby.

He

won’t

quit

his job

until he wins the lottery.

We

are going to

travel

after we retire.

Time Time Clause Clause The verb in the time clause is often in the present. TIME CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

Subject

Verb ( present)

Other information

Before

we

have

a baby

Until

he

wins

the lottery

After

we

retire

Time word

we will buy a house.

he won’t quit his job. we are going to travel.

Be Be Careful! Careful! Don’t use will or be going to in the future time clause.

X

When I will save enough money, going buy a car. When I save enough money, I’mI’m going to to buy a car.

Clause Clause Order Order 11 Time clauses can come at the beginning or end of sentences. I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up. Time Clause

Before we have a baby,we’ll buy a bigger house. Time Clause

Use a comma only when the time clause begins the sentence.

Clause Clause Order Order 22 When she finishes school, she’ll join the Peace Corps. Time Clause (present)

Main Clause (future)

I won’t get married until I meet the right person. Main Clause (future)

Time Clause (present)

As soon as they graduate, they’ll look for a job. Time Clause (present)

Main Clause (future)

Time Time Expressions Expressions 11 when after not . . . until as soon as

Introduce the first event

When they save money, they’ll buy a new car. now past

future

Practice 1

Put the verbs in the correct tense. Add commas where necessary.

Example: After he (graduate) ___ he (go) ___ to law school. After he graduates, he’ll go to law school. 1. They (own) __ a house by the time they (be) ___ married. They will own a house by the time they are married. 2. She (not/start) __ her own business until she (get) ___ more experience. She won’t start her own business until she gets more experience. 3. As soon as he (become) __ manager he (take) __ a vacation. As soon as he becomes manager, he’s going to take a vacation.

Time Time Expressions Expressions 22 before until by the time

Introduce the second event

Before he gets married, he’ll find a good job. now past

future

Practice 2

Combine the sentences using the time word provided. In each pair, A is the first event.

Example: A. The children will go to college. B. She will go back to school.

[as soon as]

As soon as the children go to college, she’ll go back to school.

1.

A. You will finish your exams. B. We will (not) celebrate.

[until]

A. My brother will buy a new suit. B. He will go on an interview.

[before]

A. She will pass the driving test. B. She will borrow the family car.

[after]

We won’t celebrate until you finish your exams.

2.

My brother will buy a new suit before he goes on an interview.

3.

After she passes the driving test, she will borrow the family car.

References References Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.