TRANSFORMER DIAGNOSIS Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Michael Krüger © 2006 © OMICRON 11/6/2014 Page: 1 Tap Changer Accessories V
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TRANSFORMER DIAGNOSIS
Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Michael Krüger © 2006
© OMICRON
11/6/2014
Page: 1
Tap Changer
Accessories
Vessel & Oil
Bushings
Core
Winding
Frequency in %
Sources of Faults
Source: Cigre_WG 12-05 „An international survey on failures in large power transformers in service“, Electra No. 88, 1983
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 2
Gas-in-Oil Analysis Type of Fault Partial Discharge Discharge with low Energy Discharge with high Energy Thermal Fault T saves time for post-processing !
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Block Diagram of CP TD1 Tanδ - measurement with CP DF12 Monday, 01. July 2002 High voltage output (0..12kV)
CN select channel
EUT (Cx)
primary
Ix_in In A
B_1
sec.
ADC
B_PE
tertiary
In B guard safety voltage-booster
calib RS232 & supply
CPC100 mains
DSP
serial-Interface
booster-Interface
B_2
CP TD1
Relay matrix for 7 different measuring modes without rewiring:
UST-A, UST-B, UST A+B FUNCTIONAL EARTH
GST, GSTgA, GSTgB, GSTgA+B
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Screenshot UST-B Mode
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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C-Tan-Delta Measurement on Power Transformers Low Voltage Bushing 400kV Bushing Measuring Tap
Core
Tapped Winding High Voltage Winding Low Voltage Winding © OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 90
No se puede mostrar la imagen en este momento.
Transformer Winding Test
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Test Procedure for a 3-Windings Transformer No se puede mostrar la imagen en este momento.
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Tan Delta (f) with treated (dry) oil DF (f) H, HL, L 0.45 % 0.4 % 0.35 % 0.3 %
H(f) HL(f) L(f)
0.25 % 0.2 % 0.15 % 0.1 % 0.05 %
© OMICRON
450.0 Hz
400.0 Hz
350.0 Hz
300.0 Hz
250.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
150.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
50.0 Hz
0.0 Hz
0.0 %
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Tan Delta (f) with aged oil DF (f) H, HL, L 0.6 %
0.5 %
0.4 %
H(f) HL(f) L(f)
0.3 %
0.2 %
0.1 %
© OMICRON
450.0 Hz
400.0 Hz
350.0 Hz
300.0 Hz
250.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
150.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
50.0 Hz
0.0 Hz
0.0 %
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Tan Delta (f) of a 110kV transformer with high water content DF (f) H, HL 1.8 % 1.6 % 1.4 % 1.2 %
H(f) HL(f)
1.0 % 0.8 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.2 %
© OMICRON
450.0 Hz
400.0 Hz
350.0 Hz
300.0 Hz
250.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
150.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
50.0 Hz
0.0 Hz
0.0 %
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Tan Delta 11kV-0.4kV 800KVA (1966) DF HV-LV (f) 2.5 % 2.0 % 1.5 % 1.0 % 0.5 % 0.0 % 0.0 Hz
50.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
150.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
© OMICRON
250.0 Hz
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Unexpected ferquency curves 8.0 % 220kV Gießharzdurchführungen
7.0 % 6.0 %
0.8 % 0.75 %
5.0 %
0.7 %
4.0 %
0.65 %
3.0 %
0.6 % 0.55 %
2.0 %
0.5 %
1.0 %
Phase A Phase B Phase C
0.45 % 0.4 %
100.0 Hz 200.0 Hz 300.0 Hz 400.0 Hz 500.0 Hz
0.0Hz 50.0Hz 100.0H 150.0H 200.0H 250.0H 300.0H 350.0H 400.0H 450.0H z z z z z z z z
DF (f) 1.0 %
0.5 %
450.0 Hz
400.0 Hz
350.0 Hz
300.0 Hz
250.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
150.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
-0.5 %
50.0 Hz
0.0 % 0.0 Hz
0.0 % 0.0 Hz -1.0 %
17.0 Hz 30.0 Hz 80.0 Hz 130.0 Hz 230.0 Hz 400.0 Hz
-1.0 %
-1.5 %
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 97
Phases Not Connected or Bad Contacts
Currents through the windings cause additional inductive losses
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04.12.200411/6/2014
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Phases Connected
All phases of the windings are on the same potential
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04.12.200411/6/2014
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DF (f) 0.7 % 0.5 % 0.3 %
450.0 Hz
400.0 Hz
350.0 Hz
300.0 Hz
250.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
150.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
-0.3 %
50.0 Hz
Bad contact of short circuit
-0.1 %
0.0 Hz
0.1 %
-0.5 % -0.7 % -0.9 % -1.1 % -1.3 % -1.5 %
DF (f) 0.8 % 0.7 % 0.6 %
0.4 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.1 %
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
450.0 Hz
400.0 Hz
350.0 Hz
300.0 Hz
250.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
150.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
50.0 Hz
0.0 % 0.0 Hz
Good contacts of short circuit
0.5 %
Page: 100
No se puede mostrar la imagen en este momento.
HV Bushings
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Capacitive Bushings (1) Emax= high
A
Emax= smaller A
without capacitive layers
with capacitive layers Earthing Cap
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04.12.200411/6/2014
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Capacitive Bushings (2)
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04.12.200411/6/2014
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Bushing Measuring Tap
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04.12.200411/6/2014
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C-Tan Delta Progression of a Bushing C Tan-Delta Progression of a 220 kV RBP (Hard Paper) Bushing Year of Manufacturimg 1961, horizontal mounted, oil filled Tan Delta
Change of Capacitance
30
20
-3
Tan Delta x 10 Change of Capacitance %
25
15
10
5
0 75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
-5
Source: RWE
Date of Measurement
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 105
Bushing Fault
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Bushing after Explosion
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DF 145kV RIP (MICAFIL new)
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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220kV RIP Bushing stored outside
© OMICRON
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220kV RIP Bushing stored outside 0.85 % 0.75 %
Minimum
Tan Delta
0.65 %
31.03.2004 15.07.2004 08.10.2004
0.55 % 0.45 %
Minimum
0.35 %
Minimum 0.25 % 0.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
300.0 Hz
400.0 Hz
© OMICRON
500.0 Hz
04.12.200411/6/2014
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66kV Oil Circuit Breaker (USA)
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 111
DF (f) 69 kV OIP Bushings Circuit Breaker Bushing C-PF Test V TEST* [V] 10032.20 10031.81 10031.55 10031.20 10028.73 10030.49
C meas. PF meas.[%] 2.836E-10 0.457 2.815E-10 0.491 2.853E-10 0.493 2.837E-10 0.486 2.855E-10 0.504 2.853E-10 0.449
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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DF (f) 69 kV OIP Bushings 60Hz 0.6 % 0.5 % 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.4 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.1 % 0.0 % *0.0 Hz
*100.0 Hz *200.0 Hz *300.0 Hz *400.0 Hz *500.0 Hz
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 113
DF (f) 69 kV OIP Bushings 17-400Hz
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 114
OIP bushings 420kV (1994) Tan Delta
C
0.5
415
0.45
410
0.4
405 400
0.35
0.25
U
395
V
390
W
0.2
pF
%
0.3
U
+ 10%
V
385
W
380
0.15
375
0.1
370
0.05
365
0
360
0
100
200 Hz
300
400
0
100
200
300
400
Hz
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Defectice 110 kV RPB Bushing C
Tan Delta 340
1.5
335
1.3
330 1.1
325
2V 2W
0.9
2N 1N
0.7
pF
%
2U
2U
2V 2W
320
2N
315
1N
310 0.5
305 300
0.3 0
100
200
300
Hz
Tan Delta (f)
400
0
100
200
300
400
Hz
C (f)
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Defectice 110 kV RPB Bushing Tan Delta (U) 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 2V
%
0.55
2N 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0
5
10
15
kV
Tan Delta (V) © OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 117
Suspicious 400 kV OIP Bushings (1998) Tan Delta (U) 0.5% 0.45% 0.4% 0.35% 0.3%
Spannungsverläufe unauffällig U TanDelta V TanDelta
0.25%
W TanDelta
0.2% 0.15% 0.1% 0.05% 0.0% 0.0V
2000.0V
4000.0V
6000.0V
8000.0V 10000.0V 12000.0V 14000.0V
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
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Suspicious 400 kV OIP Bushings (1998) Reason ? Tan Delta (V)
0.49%
0.47%
Frequenzververläufe auffällig
0.45% U TanDelta V TanDelta
0.43%
W TanDelta
0.41%
0.39%
0.37% 0.0 Hz
50.0 Hz
100.0 Hz
150.0 Hz
200.0 Hz
250.0 Hz
300.0 Hz
350.0 Hz
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 119
Suspicious 123 kV RIP Bushing Reason ? 0.8% 0.7% Tan Delta
0.6% 0.5%
73
0.4%
80
0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0 Hz
100.0 Hz 200.0 Hz 300.0 Hz 400.0 Hz 500.0 Hz
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 120
Measurement with high interference
Durchführung
HS Anschluss
Erdungsgarnitur
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04.12.200411/6/2014
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Measurement with high interference
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04.12.200411/6/2014
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Thank you for your Attention !
© OMICRON
04.12.200411/6/2014
Page: 123