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I SECONID EDIlfION

STUDENT'S

00

e AE MCCARli' y EANNE Me CARli' EN EIEN SANDFORD ,,:': ,',' CAMBRIDGE :::

UNIVERSITY PRESS

3

CAMBRIDGE UNIVllRSITY PRllSS

32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University's mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of

education, learning and research at the highest internationallevels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107665835 © Cambridge University Press 2005, 2014

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2005 Second Edition 2014 6th printing 2014 Printed in Mexico, by Editorial Impresora Apolo, S.A. de

c.v.

A cataJog record [or this publication is available [rom the British Library.

ISBN 978-1-107-66583-5 Student's Book ISBN 978-1-107-62875-5 Student's Book A ISBN 978-1-107 -69446-0 Student's Book B ISBN 978-1-107-64271-3 Workbook ISBN 978-1-107-62082-7 Workbook A ISBN 978-1-107-65147-0 Workbook B ISBN 978-1 -107-62794-9 Full Contact ISBN 978-1 -107-63739-9 Full Contact A ISBN 978-1 -107-63903-4 Full Contact B ISBN 978-1-107-68094-4 Teacher's Edition with Assessment Audio CD/CD-ROM ISBN 978-1-107-63179-3 Class Audio CDs (4) Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/touchstone2 Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third -party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, trave! timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of fírst printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.

~gments Touchstone Second Edition has benefited from extensive development

Authors' Acknowledgments

research . The authors and publishers would Iike to extend their thanks to the fo~lowing reviewers and consultants for their valuable insights and

The authors would like to thank all the Cambridge University Press staff and free lance rs who were involved in the creation of Touchstone Second Edition. In add iti on , they wou ld like to acknowledge a huge debt of gratitude t hat they owe to two people : Mary Vaughn, for her role in creating Touchstone First Edition and for being a constant so urce ofwisdom ever since, and Sryan·Fletcher, who a\so had the vis io n that has led to the success of

sugg~tions:

Ana Lúcia da Costa Maia de Almeida and Monica da Costa Monte i ro de Souza from IBEU, Rio de Janeiro, Srazilj Andreza Cristiane Melo do Lago from Magic English School, Ma naus, Brazil; Magaly Me ndes Lemos from ICBEU, Sao José dos Campos, Brazil; Maria Lucia laorob, Sao Pau lo, Brazi!j Patricia McKay Aronis from CEL LEP, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Carlos Gontow, Sao Paulo, Brazi l; Christiane Augusto Gomes da Silva from Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Silvana Fontana from lord's Idiomas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Alexander Fabiano Morishigue from Speed Up Idiomas, Jales, Brazil; Elisabeth Blom from Casa Thomas Jefferson, Srasília, Bra zi\ ; Michelle Dear from International Academy of English, To ronto, ON, Canadaj Wa lter Ouarte Marin, Laura Hurtado Porte la, Jo rge Quiroga, and Ricardo Suarez, from Centro Colombo America no, Bogotá, Colombia; lhon Jairo Castaneda Macias from Praxis English Academy, Bucaramanga, Colombia; Gloria Liliana Moreno Vizcaino from Universidad Santo Tomas, Bogotá, Co lombia; Elizabeth Ortiz from Copol English Institute (COPEO, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Hen ry Foster from Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, lapan; Steven Kirk from To kyo University, Tokyo, lapan; J. Lake from Fukuoka Woman's University, Fukuoka, lapan; Etsuko Yoshida from Mie Universit y, Míe, l apan; B. Bricklin lefffrom Hokkai Gakuen Un iversity, Hokkaido, Japan; l iad Abu-Hamatteh from AI-Balqa' Applied University, AI·Salt, Jordan; Roxana Pérez Flores from Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila Language Center, Saltillo, Mexico; Kim Alejandro Soriano limenez from Universidad Politecn ica de Altamira, Altamira, Mexico; Tere Calderon Rosas from Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Campus Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico ; Lilia Sondareva, Polina Ermakova, and Elena Frumina, fro m Nation al Research Technical University MISiS, Moscow, Russia; Dia nne C. Ellis from Kyung Hee Un iversity, Gyeonggi·do, South Korea; Jason M. Ham and Victoria Jo f rom Institute of Foreign language Education, Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; Shaun Manning from Hanl> 2.13

Extra practice - p. 144'

Uncountable nouns

Countable nouns

We have a HUle butter in t he fridge . = some There's very Httle food. = not a lot I' m trying to eat less fal. There' s not much food in the house .

We have a few slices of cheese. = some We eat very few frozen meals . = not a lot 1 percent milk has fewer calori es. There aren 't many vegetables .

Food containers / items

Weights and measures

a carton of juice ~ two carton s of juice a loa f of bread ~ two loaves of bread

a liter of / a quart of a ki lo of / a pound of

kilo = kilogram

lliter = 1.1 quorts 1 kilo = 2.2 pounds )( · Common errors · Don't use a little, much or many +

of + noun.

A

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

There isn 't much cheese.

Th en compare with a partner.

(NOT There isn 't ffl/:JCR sfelieese.)

ª

1. In my refrigerator, there ' s always ajar / JI jªr of spaghetti sauce and quart of / a few milk. 2. In my kitchen cabinet, there's package of / ~ package of rice and a litlle / a bag o~chips. 3.

1

try to eat healthily, so I eat a few / not much vegetables and _a litlle / very Httle fruit every day./

4. I've bought very few / ~ery Httle meat and ~ery few / very HUle cookies recently -"

5. I should eat less / fewer junk food. 1 know it doesn 't have much / many vitamins./

6. I eat ~ / HUle fast food than I used to, though 1 still enjoy a Httle / a few fries when 1 can ! 7. Yesterday, 1 had j! HUle / a few cho colate as a treal.

v

8. We always keep a few basics in the house : a couple of loaves of / 10!lf of bread , sorne s-a rtons of / carton of milk, aJew sHces oJ / a few cheese, and..a few / a Httle eggs . About you

B

Pair work M ake t he se nte nces t ru e for you. Co mpare id eas.

A In my refrigerator, there's a/ways ajar of moyonnaise, but there's not much e/se! B Yeah? We don't eat much mayonnaise, but we hove a few jars of so/so.

el Talk about it

15 it good for yoU?

Group work Discuss th ese beli efs about food. Do you agree? Wh at ot her beHefs a re t here?

Eating less food can he lp you live lo nger.

A Do you believe it's good to eat a few nuts every doy? B Wel/, 1don't eat many nuts, actual/y. They hove a lot offatin theni. 45

Building vocabulary A

W,O;,1

Have you eaten any of these t hin gs recently? Which do you like best?

B How do you like to eat different kinds of food? Make word webs like these using the words aboye. Then compare with a partner.

eggs Adiectives {ried. grilled, ... Verbs (ry, grill, .. .

~

potatoes

.. \- '.Vocabulary notebook ' p. 52 -

fl Speaking naturaUy Stressing new information ----.JI

Q

fried rice. O B Actual/y, , prefer s e d rice. . ----.JI A Do you /ike raw fish ? B Yes,' lave raw fish . O B ,'ve never tried raw fish. A Do yau /ike fried rice? B Yes,'

"'"

"---" B Yes,' eat raw eggs far breakfast. "'" A Have you ever ea ten raw eggs? A

"'O"

/'""'lt. eggs. B No, ' on'y eat cooked

~))) 2.14 Listen and repeat the sentences aboye. Noti ce how the stress and intonation move

to the new informati on in the answers. Then asl< and answer the questions with a partner. About you

B Pair work Ask questions like the ones aboye. Give your own answers.

A Do you /ike fried egg5? B Actual/y, I prefer boiled eggs. OR No,' hate fried egg5. 46

8

Food choices

Building language ~ ))) 2.15 listen. What do Carla and Leo want to order? Practice the conversation .

A

Carla Are you going to have dessert? 1

~

Leo No. I' m too full. I ate too many fries . Carla Do yo u mind if I have something? My salad was n't filling enough. I mean , is there enough time? I know I eat too slowly - probably becau se I talk too much! Leo That's not true! Anyway, I want another iced tea . I' m rea lly t hirsty. I guess I put too much sa lt on my fries .

"-

Carla 0 1> 2.23

Read the posts and replies on the website. Complete the expressions with the correct form of do or moke. Then listen and check.

Ask the

LIFE COACH 01 Sometimes I think I ought to do sorne volunteer work in a school ar a hospital, but l' m too busy just trying to a living. I have very little free time, so I think I'd better not add anything to my schedule right now. Am I right?

03 I'm meeting my girlfriend's parents far the first time next weekend . They've invited me for dinner. I'm going to my best to a good impression on them , but I'm really nervous . Any advice?

Coach Don't

Coach

excuses. You don't have to spend al/ your free time doing volunteer work - three sorne research, hours a week is enough. and find an organization where you feel you can _ ___ a difference and sorne good for other people.

02 My boss is a bully. He yells at me if I a mistake, and he fun of me in front of my co-workers. I've tried talking to him, but it doesn't _ ___ any good. He won't listen. I guess I'm going to have to something about this problem, but what?

Coach It doesn't

any sense to ignore this problem, and you'd better do something quickly before an appointment with your it gets worse. Human Resources representative. You might want to take a col/eague with you, too.

Word so,t

an effort to dress nicely, and _ _ _ _ sure you take them a smal/ gift, such as flowers or chocolates. sorne nice comments about their home, the food, etc., but don't overdo it. You ought to let them the talking at firsl. The most important thing, however, is just to be yourself. 04 My boss recently offered me a promotion . I've

____ a lot of thinking about it, but I can't ____ up my mind if I should take il. Sometimes I think I'd rather stay in my current jobo I've got to decide by next week. What should I do?

Coach a list of the pros and cons of each job, and give each one aseare from 1 to 5 (5 = the the math - add up the points best). Then for each list, and subtract the con totals from the pro tota/s. Which job has the highest score? Ooes that a decision? help you

B Make word webs like these for do and make. Add other expressions you know. Then discuss the life coach's advice with a partner. Do you agree? What advice can you add?

some volunteer work

~ Figure

;t out

56

e

4\-

~.VocabularYllotebook · ¡¡. 62 ~

'""""

Find expressions on the website with the same meanings as the underlined words below.

1. I should do sorne vo lunte er work.

3. I have to make a decision soon .

2. You really should do something quickly.

4. I'd prefer to sta y in the same job o

f.l Grarnrnar

What's advisable, necessary, preferable ~)>> 2.24

What's advisable

What's necessary

What's preferable

You'd better do something quickly. ('d = hod) I'd better not add anything to my sc hed ule. I ought to do some volunteer work. You ought to let them do the talking. You might want to take a colleague with yo u. I'm going to have to do someth ing about il. I've got to decide by next week. ('ve = hove) You don't have to spend time on this . I'd rather (not) sta y in my current job o('d = wou ld)

Pair work Complete the conversations with problems and solutions. Then compare with a partner. Did you have any of the same ideas? 1. A We have a test tomorrow, so I ought to S You kno w, I think you'd better

/V\anaging Life Extra practice p. 145 '

Should is more common th an ought fo or had better. _ • • • should . oughtto

I had better

X -Common errors Don 't use had betterfor genera l advice. You shouldn't ignore problems. (NOT You ¡'je¡d ,,(;~t;j "Bt ignore

problems.)

tonight, but I'd rather _ _ __ beca use _ _ _ _

2. A I don 't know what to do. I received an offer for a joboIt looks really interesting, but it doesn't pay very well. I' m going to have to ma ke up my mind if I want to _ _ __ S That' s a hard decision to make. Yo u might wa nt to _ _ __ 3. A I need more exercise. I ought to make an effort to ____ every day, but it takes so much time. S Well, you don't have to

, but you ought to _ _ __

4. A I have a friend who makes fun of me all the time, but I'd rather not _ _ __ S That's not good . I think you're going to have to _ _ __ S. A My sister hasn 't applied to college . 5he's got to _ _ __ if she wa nts to _ _ __ S 5he'd better decide soon beca use _ ___ she's got to _ _ __

8

Speaking naturaUy Reduction of verbs You might want to tryo new instructor. (wanna) Yau'd better study the driver's manual. (you better) You're gaing to have to practice more. (gonna hafta)

A

You aught to toke more lessons. (oughta) You 've got to poy ottention! (gotta)

~))) 2,25 listen and repeat the sentences aboye . Notice the reduction of the verbs.

In what situation might a person give this advice? Can you think of other advi ce? Abo u t

you

Q

B Group work Think of six pieces of advice for a student who's not doing well in class.

Talk about it What's your advice? Group work Imagine a friend is in each situation . Give as much advice as you can . 1. You're ti red and don't feellike go ing to a friend's party, but you know you ought to go. 2. Yo u have time to do some regular vo lunteer wo rk on the we ekend or take a part·time jobo 3. You had an interview fo r a job you really want, but it didn't go we ll. "Well, you ought to just tell your friend, you know. And say you're not in the mood for a party. "

1 ~.

-r'JI"""'".,

•

Word sort

,

.sr·. --;J:i;.-·

B Pair work Write the prepositions that are used in the quiz in the expressions below. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.

1. What do you worry

about ?

2. Who do you talk to

problems? your diet?

3. Do you ever th ink 4. How do yo u remind yourself 5. Can you fo rget

e

things?

your friends? things?

being late?

9. How do you th an k people 10. Did you ask a friend

you r problems?

6. Do you buy gifts 7. Do you use cash to pay Figure it out

8. Do you apo logize

11. Do you borrow clothes 12. Do you len d books

13. What can't you say no

gifts? a favor today? friends? friends? ?

14. Do you ever share secrets

Complete these questions about imaginary situations. Use the quiz to help yOU. Then ask and answer the questions in pairs.

.," W ocabulary noreboolrp: 84-

"""'"

1. What _ __ _ you _ ___ (do) ifyour friend _ __ _ (forget) your birthday? 2. How

78

you

(react) if a friend

friends?

(telO everyone a secret about you?

f1 Speaking naturally Intonation in long quest ions

What if?

"'i~hi:.

f'\../'if a friend started dating f'\../' someone you used to go aut '" with? How would you react

rvt f'\../' í"'... What would you da if a friend carne for din ner and brought an expensive box of chocolates?

1

A

" l» 3.15 listen and repeat the questions aboye. Notice how the i ntonation falls and then rises to

show the question is not fi nished an d then falls at the end . About you

8

B

Pair work Fin d a partner. Ta ke tu rn s aski ng the questions i n t he quiz on page 78 and givi ng yo ur own answers . Pay attention to the intonatio n ofthe long questions .

Grammar

Asking about imaginary situations or events " l» 3.16

What would you do ifyou broke a friend ' s camera? I'd apologize for breaking it. I'd pay for the repairs. I wouldn't say anything about it.

A

Make questions with

Extra practice

p. 147 '

Would you pay for a new one? Yes, I would . / No, I wouldn't.

woutd using the ideas below. Compare with a partner.

1. a friend is 15 minutes late / cal! and remind him about it

What would vou do ir a friend was 15 minutes late? Would ..you call and remind him about ite ~

2. you hear a strange noise in the middle ofthe night / go and see what it was

3. a salesperson charges you the wrong price for something / say something to her 4. you scratch a car with a shopping cart in a parking lot / leave a note with your name and number

5. you find a nice pair of gloves on the sidewalk / think about keeping them 6. you have an extra ticket for a show / offer it to a friend but ask him to pay for it 7. you get a gift that you hate from a friend / thank her for it and then get rid of it

8. your friend asks for help moving into an apartment / find an excuse to get out of helping him 9. your friend is in abad mood / take him out for a fun night

Abou t you

B

Pair work Take turns asking the questions aboye. Oiscuss your answers . Do you agree?

A What wauld you do ifa friend was 15 minutes late for a date? 8 /'d probably just wait a little langer. Would you call and remind him about it?

79

If I were you .... Conversation strategy Giving advice A

What tough decisions have you made? Did you ask for advice? Tell the c\ass.

B

~)>> 3.17 listen. What advice does Nicole give Carlos about grad school?

Nicole Hey, I hear you got accepted to grad school. Carlos Yeah. I got into MSU and Bracken Tech . Nicole Congratulations! So where are you going to gol Ca rlo s I don't know. I got a full scho larship to Bracken Tech, but I think MSU has a better engineering department. Nicole Well, if I were you, I' d take the scholarship. Then yo u wou ldn't have to borrow any money. Carlos Yeah, that would be great. But it's a tough decision . Nicole Well, Bracken Tech's a good school. I mean , you might want to go there and meet some of the professors. Carlos That'd be good. But then, everybody I know is going to MSU. Nico le Oh, I wouldn't worry about that. You can make new friends. And anyway, I might go to Bracken next year, you know, if I get accepted. Carlos Really? That woutd be awesome!

e

About

you

Notice how Nicole gives advice to Carlos. She uses expressions like these. Find examples in the conversation.

D Pair work Think of three pieces of advice for each problem below. Then take turns role-playing the problems and giving advice_ 1. I wish I weren't majoring in economics. I just don't find it very interesting. 2. One of my co·workers just got a promotion, but I didn't get one. 3. I wish I knew what to do after co llege. 4. My boyfriend / girlfriend wants to get married, but I'm just not ready. 5. My parents want me to study law or accou nting or something, but I don't want to o

"Well, if I were you, I'd try and switch to a different major. .. . " 80

What if?

Strategy plus That would be ... You can use

That would be . •. to comment on a suggestion or a possibility.

Yo u mi ght wa nt to go there and meet some ofthe professors.

Complete the responses. Practice with a partner. Then take turns asking and answering the questions. 1. A If yo u could do something really different. what wo uld yo u do? B I'd really like to go skydivin g.

I

,-

•

I

The mo st frequent adjectives after That wou/d be . .. are

nice, good. great. (un, coo/. interesting, fine , wonderfu/.

neat, hard, and awesome.

A Really? Wow! That wo uld be _ __ _

2. A Ifyou could have any job, what would yo u do? B Something creative . I'd li ke t o work in a design company or something.

A Yeah . That'd be 3. A Would you ever like to get a Ph .D. in something? B Yeah, maybe one day. But it's impossible right now. I'm just too busy. I'd have to study at midnight!

A Oh, yea h. That would be

Listening and strategies Here's my advice. A

~ )>> 3.18 listen to Tom and Amy talk about their problems. What problems do they have? Complete

the sentences on the left. What's the problem?

What's the advice?

1. Tom wishes he _ __ _ _ __ __

"lwouldn't _ __ _ _ . Youcou ld _ _ _ _ _ "

2. Tom wishes his boss _ _ __ __ _

"1would - -- - - -- -- - - -- - - - "

3. One ofTom's co·workers got _ __ _ _

" If I were you, I'd _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ "

4. Amy can't decide which schoo l to go to because _ _ __ __ __ _ __

"1wouldn't _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ "

B

e

~ )>> 3.18 listen again . What advice do Tom and Amy give each other? Complete the sentences above.

Pair work Choose one of Tom or Amy's problems, or one of your own . Take turns describing the problem and offering advice. A I have a similar prablem to Tom. I have a part· time job that I really like, but it doesn't pay very well. B Well, maybe you could ask for a raise.

A Yeah, that would be good.

r ( r. Sounds rlght

p. ll8

81

Any regrets?

n

Reading A

."FReading tip

What kinds of things do people regret in life? Make a class lis!.

As you rea d, try to imagin e the

B

situation s, places, a r people that the wri ter desc ribes.

Read the blog. What impression do you have of the writer (age, gender, personality)? Compare ideas with a partner.

••• lf 1 could change the past and live my life over, T'd do a lot of things differently. I'd be more laid-back - I'd worry less about smal1 or imaginary problems and maybe a little more about things that really matter. T'd complain less abo ut unimportant things. I'd slow down and take eacb day as it comes. I'd be more patient wilh people. T'd stop being afraid of making mistakes and make an effort to try new things. I'd leam to scuba dive and speak a new language. T'd do things 1 enjoyed, even ir 1 wasn't good at them, like p laying tbe piano. T'd continue with my lessons and wouldn't give up beca use T wasn't al1 that good. 1 would enjoy wbat 1 eould do and not worry abo ut what 1 eouldn'l do. Yes, T'd still be competitive - 1 wouldn't wa nt to ehange that - but 1 wouldn't get upset if [ didn't win. T'd try to make a difference in people's lives. I'd be more genero us - with my money and espeeial1y my time. Maybe do more volunteer work. I'd spend more time listening to the slo ries that older people have to tell without looking at my wateh and thin king about the otber things 1 could be doing. I'd get to know my neighbors and offer lo help Ihose 1 knew

e

82

needed help or who had problems. 1 would ask people on the bus, "What's wrong?" if they seemed upset. Ir 1 could change tbe last few years, I'd find more time to share long and laughter-filled meals with rriends or fam ily and spend less time shut away with my computer, working. I'd be more considera te. I'd send more handwritten thank- you notes and tell people what they mean to me. 1 would be completely reliable, someone that everyo ne can count on. If I had anotber chance, 1 wo uldn't read so much abont celebrities' lives. 1 mean, who eares? I'd spend less time in malls and more time in parks, flying a kite, or watching the birds. l'd elean the house less and read more. l'd walk barefoot on beaches and feel the sand between my toes and the sun on my faee. T'd spend a summer on a Greek island, see the Pyramids in Egypt, elimb a mountain in Afriea, wateh more sunrises and sunsels. Life is an ineredibly enjoyable trip, but it's also ineredibly short. Next time aro und, T'd focus more on the journey and less on the destination. You 'l1 arrive sooner than you think.

Find these words and expressions in the blog. Choose the best mean ing and circle

1. take each day as it com es

a. worry life is sh ort

b.

2.

a. start

b. stop

3. upset

a. happy

b. disorga nized

4. considerate

a. intelli gent

5. barefoot

a. wea~ngleat h ershoes

b. b.

give up

live for the present

selfish wearing no shoes

c. c. c. c. c.

a, b, or c.

do nothing give something to a friend unhappy kind quickly

What if? About you

D Group work Discuss t hese questions . 1. What have been the most imp ortant thin gs in th e write r's life? 2. What aspects of his or her li fe would he or she change? 3. Do vou think the writer would be a bette r person " next time around " ? How? 4. Does the writer remind VOU ofanvone vou know? Who? 5. Do vou have anvthing in common with the writer? If so, what?

El Speaking and writing What would you change? A bout you

A

If vou had last vear to live over again, what would vou change? Think of answers to th e qu esti ons, and make notes below.

15 there .. . • a person vou'd spend more time with? _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ • something vou 'd spend more time doing? _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ • someth ing vou 'd spend less time doing? _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ • a place vou 'd go more often? _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ • somethingvou 'd take more serious lv? _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ • someth ing vou 'd worrv about less? _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ • a sport or activitv vou'd trV? _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ • a subject vou 'd studV? _ __ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ _ B

Pair work Take turns. Te 11 vour part ner about some thin gs you 'd change. "¡'d spend more time with my grandpa and less time on my social network."

About you

C

Read th e Help note, and und erlin e th e examples of definite/y and probab/y in the article below. Th en write an article about changes you wou ld make ifyou co uld live yo ur yea r over again.

'7 If I had last year to live over again, 1 would definitely get more exereise. 1 definitely wouldn't wateh so much TV, and I'd probably work out more at the gym. I'd try to stop eating so many snacks, but I probably would not give up ice cream beeause it's my favorite snack! If 1 got more exereise and ate less junk food, I'd lose sorne weight. I'd probably feel mueh healthier, too.

Help note

Adverbs of certainty in affirmative and negative statements Noliee the posilion ofthe adverbs . I would definitely get more exereise. f'd probably work out more at the gym.

Bu!: I definitely wouldn 't wotch so mueh TI!. I probably would not give up ice cream.

D Read your classm at es' articles . Do€s anyon e want to ch ange the same thin gs as you?

.. Free tall< p.133 83

\- VocabuLary notebook

Imagine that!

---~----------------

Learning tip Verbs + prepositions When you learn a new verb, find out what prepositions (if any) can come after il. Remember that a ve rb coming after a verb + preposition has the form verb + -ing.

I Tbey apoloqized for makf.rJ.q so much noise. 1

Read the problem below. Complete the possible solutions with the prepositions about,

for, and too

You forget you have a dinne r date with a friend , and you don't show up. Your friend cal!s you, and she is very upset. What would you do? 1.

I wouldn't worry _ _ _ _ il. People usual!y forget _ _ _ _ t hings Iike that.

2.

I'd apo logize immediately ____ forgetting the date.

3.

I'd offer to pay

4.

I'd tel! her I was thinking

5.

I wouldn't speak _ _ _ _ her until she was less upset.

6.

I'd blame my boss

7.

I'd wait

2

Word builder Find the prepositions that go with the verbs. Then complete the sentences.

1. I agreed

dinner another time . ot herthings. keeping me in a meeting at work. herto finis h, and then I'd remind her _ _ __ the time she didn't meet me.

my boss

the best solution.

2.

He applied

3.

I explained the problem

4.

I forgave myfriend _ ___ Iosing my favorite sweater.

5.

My neighbor invited me

6.

We complained _ _ _ _ the neighbors _ ___ the noise.

7.

My parents blamed me _ _ _ _ damaging their caro

a job with a software company. my boss. a party last week.

A-tyroles fiJr !inng 1. NewJrblame otITerPo/plefor jfJIJrproWems.

2. A/wayr;fvrgíve Write six rules for living, using verbs that take prepositions .

84

jfJIJrself.

'»

Tech su

My computer won't turn on. Do you know what the problem is? 1wonde r if there's something wrong with your power cord . Sue Mine did that, and 1called tech support. But 1can't remember what they said .

There's something wrong with my tablet. It keeps freezing up . 1have no idea why it's doing that. Sally Do you kno w if the battery's charged? Peter 1wonder ifyou have a virus . Try running your antivirus software.

Olivia 1don 't know what the problem is, but 1 can't print anyth ing. Tom The last time that happened to me, 1 got the answer on a website. But 1 have no idea which site 1used .

1can't get on the Internet. Do you know what 1should do? 1wonder if you accidentaliy turn ed off the wire less connection. Let me see.

n Fif~~~

Anita

Getting started A

What kinds of problems do people have with their computers? Make a class listo

e

" l» 3.19 Listen. What problems are the people aboye having? What do their friends suggest?

e

How do the people say the things below in one sentence? Write what they actually sayo Then compare with a partner.

1. Sean What's the problem? Do you know? _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ 2. Sally 15 t he battery charged? Do you know? _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ 3. Tom Which site did 1use? 1have no idea. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ 4. Anita Did you accidentally turn the wireless connection off? 1wonder. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __

86

fl Grarnrnar

Questions within sentences

Tech savvy?

~I) 3.20

" hili .

Extra practice p. 148 '

Direct questions

Questions within questions

Questions within statements

What's the problem? Wh ich site did you use? What shou ld we do? Why is it doing that? 15 the battery charged?

Do you know what the problem is? Can you rememberwhich siteyou used? Do you know what we should do? Do you have any idea why it's doing that? Do you know if* the battery is charged?

I don't know what the problem is. I have no idea which site I used. I know what we should do. I have no idea why it's doing that. I wonder if* the battery is charged.

*Use ¡{for yes-no questions.

----

Notice the word order: What is the problem?

)( ' Common errors

Do you know what the problem is?

A

Rewrite these sentences. Start with the expressions given.

Do n't use questian word arde r for a question within a questian a r stateme nt. I know who t you can do. Do you kno w whot you need to do' (NOT I know .. 11M ea" )i"u el". Do you know n,'",tdo )iOtl "eec; te d,,?)

1. Are there any useful new apps fo r students? Do you know . ..

Do you know If there are any useful new apps for students? 2. What are the most popular sites for streami ng movies? I wonder . .. 3. Whic h song did yo u last download? Can you remember . .. 4. Where can I get sorne cool accessories for a tablet? Do you know . . . 5. What's the most popular smartphone? Do you know . .. 6. How do you design your own website? Do you have any idea . ..

7.

Will the price oftablets co me down?

B

Pair work Start conversations using the sentences aboye. How tech savvy are you?

I wonder ... 8. What new technology is coming out? Do you have any idea . ..

Ab out yo u

A Do you know ifthere are any useful new apps for students?

8 Well, I don't knaw ifthey're new, but you can get some good grammar apps.

el Speaking and listening What do you know about the Internet? A

~»)) 3.21 Pair work Discuss the questions. Can you guess the answers?

Then listen to a conversation about the Internet. Write the answers you hear.

1. Do you know when the public first used the World Wide Web? _ _ __ __ 2. Can you find out what the first webcam filmed? _ _ _ __ _ 3. Do you know what the most popular online activities are? _ _ __ __ 4. Can you guess how many new blogs people add to the Internet eac h day? _ _ __ __

5. Do you know w hat the first ema il spa m advertised? _ _ _ __ _ 6. Do yo u know w hat the three most common languages on the Intern et are? _ _ _ _ __ B ~ )>> 3.21 Listen again . Write one more piece of information about the answer to each question. Then compare your answers with a partner.

e

Pair work Student A: Read one of the answers to the questions above. Student B: Can you remember what the question is without looking at your book? Take turns. ' (( /C Sounds right

p-: 139 87

How things work

n Building language A '4)>> 3.22

Listen. What problem is Ken having? Praetiee the eonversation .

Ken Pedro , do you know how to get this game controller to work? 1read the instruetions, but 1can ' t figure out how to do it. Pedro Le1's see. You have to turn it on first. Did you put the batteries in ? Ken Yeah . 1turned the controller on - see? But the box won't work. Pedro Oh, OK. Well, did you pl ug it in? Oh, yeah, you did. Oh wait, 1think you need to hook up another cab le. Do you know where the blue cable is? Ken Yeah, it's here . Do you know where to plug it in? Pedro Ves. It goes here . Ken Th anks. Now, can you show me how to set thi s game up? Pedro 0 1> 3.23

Separable phrasal verbs with objects turn on the game controller? How do you { turn the game controller on? turn it on? (NOT ttlrn IIn il?)

A

Extra practice

p. 148 '

Question word + to + verb Let me show you what to do. Can you show me how to turn it on? Do you know where to plug it in?

Write A's sentenees in two ways using the words given. Complete S's responses.

1. A Do yo u know how B Yeah. You need to

to turn on the 7V ! to turn the 7V on ? (the TV / turn on) turn it on

wi th this remote - not that one .

2. A Do you know how _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ? (this computer / turn off)

B Oh, you can

here .

3. A 1can ' t see w here _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ B Huh . I'm not sure w here _ __ __

. (these headphones / plug in)

, either. 1think the y go here.

4. A 1don 't know how _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ on my tablet. (the vo lume / turn down)

B Here. lean show you how _ _ _ _ _ . 11'5 easy. Look. 5.

A 1can't figure out how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ . (the air conditio ning / turn up) B 1 have no id ea how

B

either. Oh , you need to use the remote. Here - see?

Pair work Praetice the eonversations aboye. Praetiee again using different gadgets.

"Do you know how to turn on the air conditioning?"

88

Tech savvy?

8

Speaking naturally

"m not sure how to tu rn

Linking conso nants and vowels

it o n. I don 't know where to p{ug it i n.

'--" '--"

A

•

~

'-"

oI l» 3.24 Listen and repeat the sentences aboye. Notice how the consonants are linked

to the yowels. Then practice Exercise 2 on page 88 again with a new partner.

B

oI l)) 3.25 Listen and complete the sentences you hear. Then imagine you haye a new tablet.

Take turns asking and answering the questions with a partner.

1. Canyoushowmehowto _ _ _ _ _ ?

3. Can you _ _ __ _

2. Now tell me how to _ _ _ __

4. Can you show me how to _ _ _ __

to speakers? ?

Building vocabulary A Match the pictures with the sentences. Then compare with a partner. Say what's happening in each picture. "He 's hooking up hi5 game 5y5tem ta the

rv." a. Put them away. ,f b. Hook it up.

.. • 1I 5

9'

c. Look it up.

o o

d. Pick it up. e. Put it down.

f. Print it out. g . Putthem on. h. Take them off.

-

l.

• --;,

W,"d',~

Take it apart.

J. Throw it away.

k. Turn it down. 1. Turn it up.

B What can you do with the things below? Write at least two expressions from aboye for each item. Add ideas. Then compare with a partner. hook it up

Abo ut you

e

Pair work Discuss the things below. Think ofthree • . .

-t\-

~ vocabulary notebook ' p:94-

'"""'"

• different thin gs yo u turn on every day.

• thin gs you can turn up and down .

• situations whe n you have to turn something off.

• useful pieces of information you can look up .

• different things you have to plug in befo re using.

• things you have thrown away recently.

A Wel/, I turn my computer on every marning. B Real/y? (Ieave it an al/ night.

89

On the other hand ....

n Conversation strategy A

Giving different opinions

What kinds of online games do people play? Do you or your friend s play them?

B oj)>> 3.26 Listen . What does Hugo think about playing games online? What about Greg?

Hugo I'd get tired of playing that game by myself. Greg Actually, I'm playing with two other guys. See? Starship and Bronco. We play together all the time . They're kind of Iike friends . Hugo I don 't know. You don 't even know their real names. You know? Greg That's true . It's still fun, though . We're Iike a team. You know what I mean? Hugo Maybe . On the other hand, they're not real friends . I mean , you don't know anything about them . You know what I' m saving? Greg Yeah. I know what you mean, but you don't have to know people to enjoy doing stuff with them. Hugo Hmm. I'm not so sure. Don't you think it's good to spend time with real friends, face-to-face? Greg Sure. So why don't you come and play?

e

Notice how Hugo and Greg give different opinions. They use expressions Iike these. Find examples in the conversation.

D Pair work Respond to each comment by giving a different opinion . Then practice with a partner. Can you continue the conversations? 1. A Playing all those online games is a waste of time . B Maybe.Ontheotherhand, _____________________________________________ 2. A I spe nd hours on my social networking site. It's a great way to keep in touch with people . B I don't know. Don't you think

?

3. A I never call anyone anymore; I just text. Then you don't have to make all that small talk! B That's true.

, though.

4. A I hardly eve r turn my cell phone off - even at night. I hate missing ca lis. B I kn ow what yo u mea n, but _____________________________________________

90

fl Strategy pLus

Tech

You know what I mean?

When you want someone to agree with you, you can use expressions like these.

You kno w what' mean? You kno w? You kno w what ,'m saving? It' s still fun , though . We ' re like a team . You kno w what I mean? Pair work Cirele the best sentences to complete th e comments. Th en take turns savin g each comment. Respond to your partn er with a different opinion.

You know what I mean? is the mast common five-word ex p ression. It is five times more freq uent than You know wha t I'm

saying?

1. lt seems to me that every student should have a laptop in school. Kids need to know how to use them. / They can be distracting. You know what I'm saving?

_ _ _ You know what I mean? • You know what ¡'m saying?

2. I don 't think you can listen to music and study at the same time . Music helps you concentrate. / You can' t concentrate with music on . You know? 3. They should ban cell phones from restaurants . People take business calls and everyth ing. It's important to be able to take business calls. / lt' s really annoying. You know what I mean? 4. I guess we won't need books much in the future . Everything is online now. We use t he Internet for most things. / Books will always be more popular. You know?

A ft seems to me that every student should hove a laptop in school. Kids need to know how to use them.

You know what ,'m saving? 8 Buton the other hand, they can be distracting. You know whatl mean?

8

Listening and strategies Tec hnology matters A

~ )>> 3.27 Li sten to Karin and Sam. How would Kari n an swer these questions?

1. Do you know what to do when a computerfreezes up? 2. What's one ofthe nice things about uSingtechnology? 3. How can technology help you be flexible? 4. Does it botheryou if a friend you're with is always texting someone else? 5. What' s one thing that annoys you about technology? About you

B

~ )>> 3.28 Listen aga i n to three of Sam's opinions .

Do you agree or disagree? Writ e res ponses . 1.

2. 3. Abou t yo u

e

Pai r work Discuss th e qu esti ons in Exe rci se A above. Do you and your part ner agree?

A Well, if my computer freezes up, 'just turn it off and on again. It's easy, you know?

8 That's true. Most people don't know how to fix computer problems, though. 91

-

Lesson D

n

Reading A

What is identity theft? What can happen when someone steals

."¡Reading tip

your identity?

Ilyou don't understand words

Read the magazine article. What scams does it describe?

the first paragraph. It olten expl aíns the títle.

in the title of an art icle , read

B

How do they work?

Most people know how to stay safe in the city: Don't wa lk alone after dark, hold onto your bag on erowded subways, and only ride in registered cabs. However, many people are not so savvy when it comesto staying safe on the Internet and don't know what to look for. ldentity theft - when thieves stea l your persona l information and use your identity to open bank or eredit card accounts or take out home loans in your name - is on the rise. In some cases, thieves charge thousands of dollarsto eredit cards, empty bank accounts, and can ruin your credit. Criminals are gen ing bener at cheating you out ofyour money. What's worse is thatthey someti mes do it with your help.To avoid becorning a victim of an Internet scam, know what to look for.

DON'T BE THE VICTIM OF A SCAM The friend in need scam Have you eve r received an ema il frorn a friend who is overseas and urgently needs

you to send money) Emma Pa rk did, and it cost her $2,000. Emma, 22, from Chicago, was the victim of a scam . Somebody hacked into her friend's email account and sent urgent messages to everyone in the contacts list. Emma didn't even th ink of cal ling her friend to check if the emai l real ly was from hi m. She sent the money, and by th e time she real ized it was a scam, it was too late. Em ma never got her money back. DON'T send money to anyone if you get an emaillike th is. DO contact your friend to ask if there is a problem.

Information-request scam Your ba nk sends an email saying it has lost customer data. It asks you to send your bank

account details, including your full passwor.d and PIN'. At least the email/ooks as if it's from your bank. It has their logo and looks official. DON'T reply! Ban ks and eredit card companies

never as k for your full password or PIN in th is way.

DO check the spelling and grammar. If there are mistakes, the email is probably a scam.

The"make money fast" chain email scam Someone sends you an email with a list of names.lt asks you to send a

small amount of rnoney to the person at the top of the list, delete that name, and add you r name to the bottom. The email explains that when your name gets to the top of the list, you'l l receive a lot of money. You might even become a mil liona ire l Usually, howeve r, the scammer's na me stays at the top of the list, so he or. she get s all the mo ney. DON'T forwa rd the ema il. Sending th is type of chai n emai l isnotonly expensive. but it.sa lso illega l. DO block the sender, and block any emails that come from names you don't recognize.

Being savvy about sca ms is the best way to stay safe. If so meth ing seems a little strange, it probably is. Don't fall for it.

92

Tech savvy?

e

UNIT9 ..

Are these sente nces true or false according to the article? Write Tor F.

1. Most people know how to recognize scams on the Internet. _ _

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. About you

Identity theft is increasing. _ _ Emma lost $2,000 of her own money. _

_

Emma sent money to a friend who was traveling overseas. _ Your bank may ask you for your password if they los e it. _

_

_

Your name will never get to the top of the Iist in the chain email. _

D

_

Pair work Discuss the questions.

1. Have you or people you know received emails Iike the ones in th e article? 2. How often do you get emails from people you don ' t know? What do you do with them? 3. How do you keep your persona l information safe online? 4. What other sca ms have you heard about?

fl Speaking and writing A bou t you

A

Keeping it safe

Group work Brainstorm ideas on how to keep your personal in formation safe. Discuss the questions and take notes.

1. Which documents shou ld you shred? Do you shred them?

2. Do you memorize your PINs? Would you eve r tell anyone your PIN? 3. Where do you keep important documents? Do you have copies ofthem? 4. What do you have passwo rds for? How can you choose a good password?

5. How can you shop safely online or on the phone? 6. What can you do to protect your credit or debit card information? 7. What precautions do you take when you use an ATM? 8. How el se can people keep their persona l information safe? "Well, you should shred your bank statements. I don 't usually do ¡t, though. I forget. You know?" B

Read the Help note. Then write a short article like the one below.

7 f Help note Keeping your personal information safe! Credit cards !t's important to keep yo ur credit card number safe. T hieves may use it to buy goods witho ut your kn owledge. You might then find you can't use the card when you really need it. Do shred credit card bills. If you don't, a thief may find your credit card number in the trash. Don't give your credit card number to someone who calls you. Only give your number if yau have made the call, and you trust the person yo u are talking too C

Read your classmates' articles. What tips did you learn?

Plannlng your article • Wrile all your id eas do wn in any order. Don'l worry abo ul spelling a nd grammar. • Choose Ihe best ideas you wanl lo use. • Number your ideas lo help you plan your article. • Write the article. • Check you r spelling and grammar.

... Free talk -p. 134

93

On and off

Learning tip Writing short conversations When you learn expressions with a new or complex structure, think of everyday situations where you might use them . Write short conversatio ns using the expressions.

The top six things peopl e talk about turning on and turning

off a re their: 1. rad io 2. light(s) 3. music

4. phone 5. compu te r 6. television

1 Complete the conversations . Use the sentences in the box. 1'lIlook it up. 1'11 print it out.

,/ 1'11 turn it down . 1'11 turn it up.

Then I'd take them off. You can put them away in the closet.

1. A The music's too loud.

B

2. A 1don 't know what to do with these boxes.

B

3. A What does this word mean?

B

4. A 1need a copy ofthat document.

B

5. A 1can't hear the rad io.

B

6. A 1think I'm allergic to th ese earrings.

B

2

Word builder Find the meaning of the phrasal verbs in the sentences below. Think of a situation for each one, and write conversations.

4. A

1. A

B 5ure . What time should 1pick you up?

B Can 1call yo u back tonight? I'm late. 5. A

2. A

B OK. I'd better take it out right now.

B It's a nice color. Why don't you try it on?

3. A

6. A

B Take it back to the store.

Make la beis with different expressio ns to put around the house. When you have learned the expression, you can throw the labe l away.

94

/'11 turn it down.

B 1'11 show you how to put it together.

Checkpoint

n How many words can you remember? A

How many different ph rasal verbs can you use to complete the sentences below?

What can you do to a television?

What can you say about relationships?

turn it on.

get along with someone. You can

You can

B Pair work Compare with a partner. Seo re 1 point for each correct sentence. score 2 points for a correct sentence your partner doesn't have.

fl Can you use these expressions? Complete the conversation with the expressions in the box. Use capitalletters where necessary. Then practice with a partner. There is one extra . you mi ght want to on the other hand

you know what I mean

don 't yo u think I'm not so sure

sort of though

Jan

My boyfriend never pieks up his phone . It drives me crazy.

Rob

Oh, 1 know what ,vou mean . My girlfriend never answers hers eilher.

Jan

That' s annoying. If you have a phone, yo u should answer it. It's rude to ignore il, ? Well, I think so.

Rob

_ _ __ _ . sometimes il is rude to answer it,like ifyou ' re having dinner or something. ?

Jan

Yeah, but you can always piek it up and say, "Ca n I eaH you baek? I'm having dinner."

Rob

Maybe. , sometimes people start talking anyway, and you ean't get them off the phone .

Jan

Oh, no. I ean't beli eve it. He's still not pieking up.

Rob Jan

8

.r I know what you mea n

leave him a message. Then you can eat. Yeah, I eould I guess. He never eheeks his voiee mail, _ _ _ __

Here's my problem. Any thoughts? Write a piece of adviee for eaeh person below. Then role-play conversations in groups. 1. My best friend doesn't study enough beca use he spen ds too mueh time on the Intern et. 2. I wish I eould email my parents, but they don't know how to use their comp uter! 3. My boyfriend / girlfriend wants to settle down and start a family, but I don't want ehildren . 4. I wis h I had more money for travel. If I did, I could go to some pretty exeiting plaees.

A My best friend doesn't study enough beca use he spends too much time on the Internet. B Well, you might want to talk to him about it. e I don't know. If I were you, I wouldn't say anything to him. But you could .. .

95

Q

I wish, I wish ... A

What do these people wish for and why? Complete the sentences . Compare wit h a partner.

1. I wish I

had

(have) a caroIf I

had

(have) a car, I

2. I wish I (know) how to swim. If I go snorke ling with my fri end s.

cou/d [Jo

(can gol places.

(can swim), I

3. I wis h I (can speak) Portuguese fl uently. If I easier to travel around Brazil.

(be able to)

(be) fluent, it

4. I wish I

(have) more money. If I (find) a job, I On the other hand, I (not have) enough time to study.

5. I wish I

(not have to) work ton ight. If I

(be)

(earn) more money.

(be) free, I

(go out) with

my friends.

6. I wish I ~___ (know) how to use more software programs so I ~___ (can get) a better jobo

B

Pair work Use the ideas above to teH a partner two things you wish. Explain why.

"/ wish / had a motorcycle. /f / had a motorcycle, / could ride it to work."

~ I wonder ... A

Rewrite these questions about the picture. Compare with a partner.

what it is

1. What is it?

Do you know

2. How do you turn it on?

Can you tel! me

?

3. Does it stil! work?

I wonder

?

4 . How much did it cost?

Do you know

?

5. How do you use it?

Can you tel! me

?

?

B Pair work look at the picture and ask and answer your questions. A Do you know whatitis?

B Yes, it's an old record player.

Q

OR

/ have no idea what it is.

It's all relative. A

How manyways can you complete these questions? Use who, that, or which. Write them (in parentheses) if you can leave them out.

1. What do you do with elect ro nic gadgets 2. What would you do ifyou got a gift 3. What do you do when you see a word 4. What do you do with clothes

don 't work anymore? you didn't like? you don 't know? are out of style?

5. What would you do if you had neighbors ~_ _ _ played their music too loud?

B

96

Pair work Ask and answer the questions. Can you use phrasal verbs in your answers?

••

... -

•

ceen out with your friends?

.. . ..

done anything special? gone dancing anywhere?

eaten anywhere nice? joined any clubs?

... . -

Ilee to any concerts?

.

•

Catching up

Bob

So, what have you been doing since I saw you la st? Lois Working. That' s pretty much it. I haven't been out in months . What about you? Bob 5ame here. I've been working late every night. Uh ... do yo u have time to grab a bite to eat?

WiU

What have you been up to recently? I have n't seen you at the gym. Diane Well , I've been going to a pottery c1ass since 5eptember. WilI Pottery ... really! So, what kind ofthings do you make? Diane So far I've made eight vases and two bowls . Here 's so mething I just made.

n

Maya Gail

I haven't seen you in ages! What have you been up to? Well, you won't believe it, but I've been seeing a guy from work. We've gone out three or four times now, so I guess it's getting serious.

Luis

Hey, good to see you . I see you're still doing karate. Ahmad Oh, yeah. Luis How long have you been doing that? About three years? Ahmad Actually, for nine years now. Luis Wow! That's impressive .

Getting started A What kinds ofthings do people talk about when they are eatehing up with friends? Make a listo

Figure it out

S

~)>> 4.01 listen. What topies do the people aboye talk about? Were the topies on your list?

e

(irele the eorreet words to complete the sentenees.

1. Bob has been working / worked late every night recently. 2. Ahmad has been doing karate sinee / for nine years. 3. Di ane's been going to a pottery class since / for 5eptember. 4. Maya hasn't seen Gail in / since ages.

98

What's up?

f1 Grarnrnar Present perfect continuous vs. present perfect '41» 4.02 Use the present perfect continuous for an ongoing or repeated activity that started before now and continues into the presento What have you been doing lately? I've been going to a pottery class . Who has she been seeing? 5he's been seeing a guy from work.

Since, far, and in for duration Use since with points in time.

Extra practlce

p. 149 '

Use the present perfect to show the results of an activity or how many times it has happened. What things have you made so far? I've made eight vases and two bowls . How many times have they gone out together? They've been out three or four times.

I've been going to a pottery class since 5eptember. What have you been doing since I saw you last?

He's been doing karate for nine years . (NOT . .. :;illee Mille ,ec".) Use far and in with periods of time, but use in only in negative statements. 1haven't been out to eat in months.

A

Complete the conversations with the present perfect or the present perfect continuous of the verbs given. Sometimes both forms are corree!. Add far, since, or in.

1. A

Hove yo u been 1haven't seen you

working (work) a lot recently? In

The present perfect is about 10 times more frequent than the present perfect continuous,

•

present perfect present perfect contin uous

ages.

B Actually, yea h. 1_ _ __ _ (not take) one day off weeks. So yeah, 1 (not gol out ages. How about you? What _ _ __ you _ __ _ _ ? (do) A Well, I 2. A

(take) a we igh t training class at the gym _ _ __ May. you

(do) anythin g in te re sting late ly?

B Not rea lly. 1

(fi lO out co llege applications _ ___ the last month .

A Yeah? How many colleges B Well , 1

you

to? (apply)

(send) three applications , but I _ _ _ _ _ (not hear) anything.

3. A _ _ _ _ you and your friends _ _ ____ (go) out a lot recently? B Actually, yea h. We _ _ __ (go) to a few clubs lately. We _ __ __

(have) fun .

4. A How long _ _ __ you _ ___ (learn) En gli sh?

B ____ 1was in elementary school. 1guess _ _ __ 12 years now. A WOW. Th at's a long time . So, how long _ _ _ _ yo u _ _ __ __ (come) to this class? B

April.

About you

B Pair work Practice the conversations aboye. Practice again and give your own answers.

8

Speaking naturally Reduction of hove What hove you been do ing for fun late/y? How many times hove you gane out this month? Where hove you be en hanging out?

(Wha t've) (times 've) (Wh ere 've)

A '41» 4.03 Listen and repeat the questions aboye. Practice the reduction of hove to 've. Then ask and answer the questions. Continue your conversations. Abo ut you

B '4 1» 4.04 Listen. Write the four questions you hear. Then ask and answer with a partner. 99

Movies

n Building vocabulary A

What kinds of movies are these? label the pictures with the words in the box. Add other kinds of movies to the listo Which ones do you like? Which do you never watch? an action mov ie an animated film a horror movie a musical a (romantic) comedy a science ·fiction movie a thriller a war movie

B 04 1)) 4.05 What kind of movi e is each person talking about? Complete th e descriptions with a type of movi e. Then listen and ch eck your answers. . It's 11'5 a about these two people who fal! in love over the Internet. It' s a great love story, and il's funny, too .

It's a . Matt Damon plays a spy who can 't remember who he is. It was 50 exc it ing. I couldn 't stand the suspense.

Word ,mt

e

•

11'5 a new set in ancient China. Michelle Yeoh is in it. The stunts and the kung-fu fight scenes are amazing. 11'5 kind of violent, though.

1just saw this . A fa mily moves into an old house, and they find a monster living in the attic.ltwas 50 scary that 1couldn 't watch most of it.

It' s a that takes place in Delhi. So, il's in Hindi, but il's subtitled. The costumes, the dancing, and the music are just wonderful.

11'5 about aliens who come to take over the earth . 11'5 a classic . The special effects are incredible.

1saw this about two soldiers who are brothers . 11'5 a true story with a really sad ending. 1cried a lot. 11'5 a real tearjerker.

We saw th i 5 h ilarious movie. 11'5 one of those for both kids and adults . Eddie Murphy is the voice of one ofthe cartoon characters.

Make a word web about a movie. Use the words in bold . Th en describe it to a partner.

It ' s a

It's about Movie:

It's set in It t akes place in

is in il. ').--

--1 He / 5he plays

It ..\ - • Vocabulary notebook . p. 106 '

100

El Building language A

•

~ )>> 4.06 listen. What do Ca rl and Jolene decide to do? Why? Practice t he conversat ion.

Carl 50 rry I' m late. Have yo u been waiting long? Jolene No, just a few minutes. Carl 50 , whi ch movie do you wa nt to see? I' ve heard good things about Starship . Have you see n it yet? Jolene Yeah . I've already seen it. It was OK. Carl Oh. We ll, th ere's Funny Guy. It ' s been playin g fo r ages, and 1still haven 't seen it. Jolene Actually, 1 saw it w hen it first came out. Carl OK, we ll, how aboutJoker? 1 haven 't seen th at yet, eith er. Jolene I've see n it, but 1'11 go again . It was hilario us. At t he end, th e guy fa ll s into a . .. Carl Hey, don't spoil it for me. Let' s just go see it.

Fi gure it out

B Write the name of a movie you 've seen in A' s question, and ci rcle the eo rreet wo rd in eaeh response. Then work with a partner. Take turns asking your questions and giving true answers.

A

1 rece ntly

saw

. Have you seen it?

B Yo u know, 1 already / still / yet have n't seen that movie.

e o

8

Ae tu ally, 1 haven't seen th at movie already / still / yet eith er. Yea h. I've already / still / yet see n it.

Grarnrnar already, still, and yet with present perfect ~»)) 4.07 Have yo u see n Funny Guy yet? Ves, I've already see n it. / Ves, I've see n it already. No, 1 have n't see n it yet. / No, not yet. No, 1 still haven't see n it.

~

~

Extra practice · p. 149 1

I imagine you're planning to see it. ( saw it earlier. (h aven't seen it, but ( plan too ('ve wanted to see it tor weeks, but ( haven't veto

A Complete the eonversations. Add already, still, or veto Then practiee with a partner.

Wit h thi s mean in g of yet, about 83 percent of lts uses are in

negative state ments a nd a bout

1. A There's a new comedy out. Have yo u see n it _ _ __ ?

17 percen t are in questions .

B Oh, the Ben 5t iller movie? Yeah , I've _ _ __ seen it. It was hilarious. Have you see n it _ _ __ ? A No, 1 have n't, not _ ___ . I'd like to, t hough.

2. A Have yo u see n the latest James Bond movie _ __ _ ?

B No. 1 have n't had a ehanee _ __ _ Aetually, I _ _ __ haven't see n th e last one. o

3. A 50, do yo u want to go see a movie later?

B 1don 't kn ow. I've A Rea lly? I About you

see n most of th e movies th at are out now. haven't see n any of th em.

B Pair work Take turns asking the questions aboye. Give your own answers.

' (¡r: Sounds rlght · p:139 101

I was wondering ...

n Conversation strategy

Asking for a favor politely

A What kinds of favors might you ask a teacher for? Make a class list. B

" 1)) 4.08 Listen. What favor does Jake ask his professor? Does his professor agree?

Jake

Excuse me, Professor Carlton . I was wondering if I could ask you someth ing.

Professor Sure. Let me just finish up here . AII right. So, what can I do for you? Jake Well, I wanted to ask a favor, actually. Professor OK. Jake I was wondering ifyou could write a re ference for me. I've been app lying for jobs and ... Professor Sure. Do you have the in formation I need? Jake Um , yes oBut not with me. Um , would it be all right if I brought it tomorrow? Professor All right. As long as you come late afternoon. I have classes all morning. When do you need it by? Jake Well, I know it's short notice, but would it be Ol( if I picked it up next Monday? Professor 01> 4.21

In sentences with active verbs, the subject is the " doer" and the object is the "receiver" of an action. Use active verbs to focus on the

"doer" or cause. A student found a bag on a bus . The authorities c10sed the airport. A teenager saw two bears in a yard. The accident didn't injure the passengers.

Exlra praclice . p. 151 ., In sentences with passive verbs, the subject is the " receiver" of the action . Use passive verbs to focus on the "receiver" or when the "doer" or cause is not known or not important. A bag was found on a bus . The airport was c1osed . Two bears were seen in a yard . The passengers weren't injured.

rc-...i' , ""'....' ili.,-OW....'.,..{:J,yUp A

Complete the sentences . Use the simple past passive.

The passive is approximately 5 t imes more common in written

1. A 500·pound bear (find) asleep in a basement on news lhan in conversalion. Tuesday morning. The bear (wake up) by a workman , who said he "freaked" when he realized it was a bear. Wild life officers _ _ __ _ (call) , and the bear (take) to a state park. 2. A sporting goods store (break into) yesterday, and 50 bicyc les (steal). A white truck (see) outside the store around 5:00 a.m. However, security cameras _ _____ (damage) during the break·in , so the thieves _ _ ____ (not catch) on camera . 3. Millions ofsto len banknotes _ __ ___ (find) in a police raid this morning. Police be lieve the money _ _ _ __ _ (steal) from a city bank two years ago . 4. The highway ______ (c1ose) for severa l hours last night after a car _ _ _ ___ (hit) by an oil truck. Hundreds of ga ll ons of oil _ _ _ ___ (spill) onto the highway. Two passengers in the car _ _ _ ___ (take) to the hospital. The driver ofthe truck _ _ __ _ (not injure). B

Pair work Take t urns retelling the stories aboye without lookin g at your books. Then prepare a story about a recent news event to tell your partner.

A A beor wos discovered in o bosement lost week. B Right. I guess it wos found ofter o workmon went in there.

8

Speaking naturaUy Breaking sentences into parts Ten thousand do llars / was found in a bog / on a city bus. Two large bears / were seen last night / in someone's yard. A jewelry store / was broken into, / and some dio monds were stolen. The city airport / was c/osed yesterday / because of strong winds.

A

~ ))) 4.22 Listen and repeat the sen ten ces aboye. Notice how long sentences are broken into shorter

parts. The word with the new information in each part is stressed . B

Pair work Take turns saving the sentences aboye. How many times can you change the information?

"A suspicious suitcose wos found in the oirport terminal." 119

n Building vocabulary and grarnrnar A

"1)) 4.23 Listen. Which picture goes with each news item? Number the pictures.

he is land of Puerto Rico was hit by Hurricane Calvin late this morning. Electri c power was temporarily disrupted throughout the island, and many homes were damaged by heavy rains and strong winds.

Ws~',~

Quebec was hit by severe thunderstorms yesterday. Flights at severa l airports were delayed by heavy rains, thunder, and Iightning. Last night, three fam ili es were rescued by emergency workers after their homes were damaged by flash floods resulting from the rains.

hurricane typhoon

120

A shopping ma ll in Kansas was badly damaged by a tornado last ni ght. A nearby town was later hit by a freak hailstorm. Cars we re struck by hailstones the size of go lf balls . Amazingly, no one was seriously injured by the tornado or the

A small town in Italy was struck by a minor earthquake this morning. The quake measured 4.9 on the Richter sca le. Aftershocks we re felt in several towns. So me homes were partially destroyed. but no serious injuries were reported.

B Write words and expressions from the news stories in the chart below. Add your own id eas . Then compare with a partner. Weat er pro

F:r~~~

Firefighters in Australi a say over 10,000 acres of forest were completely destroyed by catastrophic wildfires this year. Investigators suspect sorne fires were caused by careless campers. They believe othe r fires started whe n

e

ems

t er natura

Isasters

(catastrophicJ wildfires

hit

Can you put these statements in the correet arder?

,¡\- Wocabulary notebook ' p. 126 '

1. firefighters / rescued / two families / by / were

3. injured / was / serious ly / no one

2. was / hailsto nes / struck / a car / by

4. complete ly / a mall / destroyed / was / by / a fire

fl Grammar

In the news

Simple past passive + by + agent "1)

When the "doer" of the adion - the agent - is important, you can use by to introduce it. Three families were rescued by emergency workers. The fires we re caused by careless campers. A shopping mall was damaged by a tornado .

A

4.24

UNIT12 -

Extra practice p.151 '

Adverbs with the passive A mall was badly damaged. No one was seriously injured. The forest was completely destroyed. Power was temporarily disrupted . Homes were partiaUy destroyed.

Rewrite the extracts from news stories . Use the simple past passive with by + agent. Add the adverb where given in parentheses.

1. A fire destroyed an old warehouse. (partially) 2. A minor earthquake disrupted power supp li es. (temporarily)

3. A hurri ca ne damaged a high sc hoo l. (badly) 4. A tornado destroyed a police station. (completely) 5. Lightning injured two golfers. (seriously) 6. Catastrop hi c wildfires destroyed three homes. (tota lly) 7. Em ergency workers rescued two injured hikers in a sta te park. (finally)

8. Hi gh winds blew dow n a SOO-year-old tree yesterday.

B Pair work Choose one of the news extracts aboye. Add details to make it into a short news report. Then read your report to the class. Which story is the most interesting?

el Listening and speaking A

News update

"1» 4.25 Listen to two news stories. Answer the questions.

1. What kinds ofweather does the reporter talk about? _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ 2. What problems did t he weather cause? _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ 3. Who we re the people rescued by? _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __

4. Why was the weddi ng canceled? _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ 5. What happened to th e groom? _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ 6. Wha t upd ate on the story does th e reporter give? _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __

B

Pair work Create your own news story. Role·play a TV news anchor and a reportero Practice your story, and then act it out for the class. ,((,. Sounds (ight p,139

121

Did you hear about ...

n Conversation strategy A

Telling news

Wh at kinds of car-related crime is there in your ci ty? Are cars broken into or stolen? How oflen do you hea r car alarms?

B "1)) 4.26 Listen. What happened in joey and Paula ' s nei ghborh ood last night?

joey Paula

•

joey Paula Joey

,

Paula Joey Paula joey Paula Joey Paula

e

D

Did you hear about all the trouble here last night? No, but I heard sorne police sirens . Well , you know that older guy on the first floor of my building? Yeah .... Guess what? His carwas stolen . That's terrible . And you know what? He heard his car alarm and called the poli ce, but they carne way too late. I' m not surprised . The thing is, they just don't have enough police on duty at night. Exactly. Oh, and did I tell you? My car was broken into last Th ursday n ight. No. Really? Was anything stolen? No. The only thing was, they damaged the ignition trying to start the car . .. but the funny thing was, they couldn't start it beca use the battery was dead!

Notice

how joey and Paula introduce news with expressions Iike these. Find examples in the conversation .

Did you heor (obout) ... ?

Guess whot?

Hove you heord (obout) .•. ? You know whot? Did I tell you?

You Icnow ••. ?

" 1)) 4.27 Listen . Write th e expressions you hear. Th en practice wi t h a partn er.

1. You know what? I got caught in a storm last night. My new shoes are completely ruined . 2. _ __ _ __ ? The traffic is getting bad around here. We were stuck in traffic for an hour last night. 3. _ _ _ __ _ ? They're going to open a new organ ic food store near here. 4. _ _ _ _ _ _ ? My cousin is com ing to sta y with us this summer. I'm really excited about it.

5. _ _ _ _ __ the guy I used to sit next to in class? The one with dark hair? He bought a new caro 6. _ _ _ _ __ ? I'm getting married next spring!

7. _ _ __ __ that high school principal? He crashed his car into the front ofthe school. 8. _ _ __ __ the plans for a new skate park in the city? It's opening next spring. About

you

E Pair work Are any of the stori es aboye similar t o st ories you kn ow? Take turn s tellin g a partn er. Can you continu e th e conversations?

122

fl Strategy plus

In the news

The ... th ing is / was

Use The .•. thing is / was to introduce ideas. The thing is / was .. . (to identify a key issue) Th e other thing is / was . . . (to add another issue) The on/y th ing is / was . . . (to raise a problem)

Here are t he most commo n expressi on s wilh The . . . thing is / was :

Add adjectives to introduce other ideas. The best thing is / was .. . Th e funny thing is / was . . . The scary thing is / was . . . The thing is, they just don 't have en ough police on duty at night.

A

"Uhif.

_ _ _ _ The thing is . . . _ _

The other thing is .. . The only thing is . ..

_

The (adje elive) thing is . ..

Cirele the most appropriate expressions to complete the sentences. The n compare with a partner.

1. lloved everything about my vacation , but the best thing was / the thing is the food . 2. I like my college but the other thing was / the only thing is, it's too far away from everything. 3. My car was broken into once . The funny thing was / The worst thing was, they didn 't take anything. 4. I was in an earthquake one time . The worst thing was / The nice thing was , I was on th e twentieth floor of a building. I guess the other thing was / the good thing was, I wasn 't alone . 5. My friends want me to go skiing with them this winter. The only thing is / The exciting thing is, I can 't ski. 6. I get along with my brother. The only thing is / The scary thing is, he gossips too mucho And I guess the great thing is / the other thing is, he 's always borrowing my stuff without asking. Abou t yo u

B Pa ir work Ch ange t he sentences aboye to make them true for you. "lloved everything about my trip to Bastan. The only thing was, it was very cold."

8

Listening and strategies What do they say next? A

listen to four people tellsome news. How do you t hi nk they started thei r stories? Number the sentences1 to 4. There is on e extra.

" 1) 4.28

o You know what? There's a big hurricane coming. D D

Did you hear the news about my sister? Have you heard about the picnic by the river next week?

o O

Guess what? The strangest thing happened last night. Did I tell you? My purse was stolen.

B " 1) 4.28 listen again . What comments do the speakers make? Complete the sentences . 1. The thing was , I wasn 't _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ 2. The weird thing is, _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 3. The th ing is, _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ 4. The funnythingwas, _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __

e

" 1) 4.29 Now liste n to t he complet e conversations, and ch eck your answers.

" Free talk ' p.136 123

-

-

Reporting the news

n Reading

.

A What qualities do you need to be a foreign correspondent for a news organization? Make a listo Then read the interyiew. How many ofyour ideas are mentioned?

L1FE'S WORK:

Christiane Amanpour Christiane Amanpour gained global fame in the 1990s as a war carrespondent far CNN. After a short time in the studio, she returned to fareign news reporting because "there simply aren't enough people doing it." How did you get started in journalism? My first job was at a local television station in Providence [Rhode Island]. They too k a leap of faith with me, I think because they saw a young woman w ho was yery serious about her career path and knew exactly what she wanted to do with her life. I was committed lo journalism; I wanted l o be a foreign correspondent. Today I lhink thal 's quile unusual. So I lhink il was lhe ambition I showed, the sense of mission , lhe desire to improve myself, and al so lhe willingness lo do anything , go anywhere.

You'ye said coyering the war in Bosnia for CNN was a turning point in your career. Why? That's where I really slarted my professional journey. I was queslioned early on about my objectivil y. And I was very upsel aboul il because objectivity is our golden ru le, and I take it yery serio usly. But I was forc ed lo exam ine w hal objectivity aclually means, and I realized it means giving all sides a fair hearing .

I Reading tip After you read , ask yourself questions, for example, What did Ilearn? Do I agree? Whatcan I take away {rom this article?

An Interview w ith Christiane Amanpour, by Al ison Beard

Has being a woman been an adyantage or a disadyantage for you? It 's been nolh ing but an advanlage. It 's al lowed me lo get my fool inlo places where men haye nol been able lo. Your father is Persian, your mother is British, and you grew up in Iran and the UK. How did that cross-cultural experience help you in your career? 11 simply made me aware, from the momenl I was born, of differenl cu ltures. I've lived in a complelely mullicullural , multiethnic, mullireligious environmenl, in so me of lhe mosl difficult places in lhe world . I've seen firslhand lhal you can bridge differences; you can have tolerance between groups. The trick is to minirnize the extremes and lo slick to the sensible center.

Would you eyer want to take on more of a leadership role in a news organization? I don 't know. I hope I'm fu lfil ling my responsibility to lead when it's necessary and to fol low when it's necessary, and to encourage young people who cometo me.

What adyice do you giye them? Have a dream. Haye a passion . Know that lhere's no such thing as overnighl success, that success cornes only with enormous hard work. And know that the only way to be good at something is to love what you do. Source: Harvard Business Review Magazjne

124

In the news

"Nillf.

B Find these express ion s in the interview. What do you think they mean? Compare with a partner. 1. take a leap of faith

3. give all sides a fa ir hearin g

5. bridge differences

2. object ivity is our golde n rul e

4. see firstha nd

6. overn ight success

e

Read the interview again. Are these sentences about Christiane Amanpour true or false? Check Tor F. Correct the false sentences. T F 1. Sh e was unsure about what job she wa nted to do. D D

'j

2. She started her career in Bosnia .

D She wants people to believe she is obje ctive. D Sh e believes th at being a woman ma kes her jo b more diffi cult. D Her fa m ily backgroun d has helped her un derstan d different cultures. D She be li eve s you have to love your work to be successfu l. D

3. 4. 5. 6.

D D D D D

fl Speaking and writing Are you up on the news? A C1ass aetivity Survey your classmates, and find out their news habits. Keep a record of their answers, and then tally

Olltll the results.

How often do you keep up with the news? every day once or twice a week Where do you usually get the news? TV newspapers magazines

less than once a week

Internet smartphone

What news are you most interested in? local/regional national

never

other _ _ _ _ __ international

What three topies are you most interested in? politics / current events sports business celebrities arts / culture the weather

science / technology other _ _ _ _ __

B Use the information from your survey to write a report about the class's interest in the news. Use the Help note to make sure you use the correet forms ofverbs.

7 ' Help note News Survey

Almost 80 pereent of the students in this c1ass keep up with the news every day. About 20 pereent of us keep up with the news only onee or twice a week. Approximately two out of three students watch the news on TY. ... About

you

e

Writing about statistics 80% of the students are interested in the news. 80% ofthe c/ass is interested in the news. Approximately 20% of us get the news {rom TV. The majarity of students hove access ta the Internet. About half ofthe class is interested in current events, Four out often students read a newspaper.

Pair work Read a partn er's reporto Do you agree on your findings? What information from th e survey is most surprisin g? Why?

125

Forces of nature .

Learning tip Col/ocations When you learn a new word, use a dictionary to find out what

In the United States and Canada, the 6 mo st fre que nt adjectives people say befare the ward weather are:

other words are typically used w ith it. For example, you can

1. (old

4. good

say flash floods, but not usually quick floods . Or you can say

2. nice 3. bad

5. warm 6. hot

seriously injured, but not us ually completely injured.

1

. ,

Look at the adjectives on the left, Cirele the word that is typically used with each one.

1. freak

ra in

hailstorm

earthquake

2.

wildfire

tornado

rain

3. minor

earthquake

rain

wind

4. flash

torn ado

earthquake

flood

5. catastrophic

thunder

wildfire

hailstones

2

heavy

Word builder For each sentence below, cross out the one word that cannot be used to complete it.

1. Abuildingwas _ a. damaged

_ bylightning. b. destroyed

c. injured

d. struck

e. hit

d. Telephone service

e. Train service

c. severely

d. partially

e. slightly

c. a hurricane

d. hailstones

e. rain

2. _ _ was disrupted by an ice storm yesterday. a. Electrical power b. A shopping mall c. Traffic

3. Two people were _ _ injured . b. critically

a. seriously

4. The village was struck by _ _ . a. an earthquake 3

b. lightning

Word builder Look at the expressions below. Can you figure out their meanings? freak accident

heavy traffic

major earthquake

minor injuries

Think ofthree places in different parts ofthe world. Go online and find out what the weather is like today.

126

n What can you guess about Suki? •

A Look at the pictures of Suki's apartment. What has she been doing? What has she finished? Complete each sentence with the present perfect or present perfect continuous.

There are two pots on t he stove, so she 's been cookln[J (cook). Sh e alrea dy (bake) sorne cookies . She (write) a letter, but she (n ot fi nish) it ye!. There ' s a whole pizza, so 1bet she (not eat) lunch . Her headphones are on the table , so she _ _ __ probab ly (listen) to music. Her paints and brushes are out, so it looks like she (paint) .S he already (paint) a vase offl owers .

B Pair work Make more guesses about Suki and the pictures. Use must, may, might, can't, or could. "She must like pizza." "She might be an art teacher."

fl That must be interesting! Complet e A's statem ents with since, for, or in, and add an adjective to B's responses. Pract ice with a partner. Then pra ctice again, making th e sentences tru e for you. 1. A I've been taking dance lessons _ ___ 1was a kid .

B You m ust be _ _ __

2. A l haven 't heard from my boyfriend

ages.

B You m ust be _ _ __

3. A I've been going out with some one

several months now.

B That must be _ _ __

4. A I've been working hard

May. 1haven't had a vacation .

"I've been taking piano lessons since I was five."

8

B That must be _ _ __

"You must be really good."

Have you seen any good movies lately? Complete th e ch art with three movies you've seen. Discuss with a partner. Name of movie

Type of movie

What was it like?

The Hunger Games

sclence fictlon / drama

The suspense was unbearable.

1. 2. 3. A Hove you seen any good movies lately?

8 Yeah. I sawThe Hunger Games. It was so good! AIread the book, but I haven 't seen the movie yet. 127

a

Can you complete this conversation? Complete the conversation with the words and expressions in the box. Use capitalletters where necessary. all right ,fguess what already I see Ana

I was wondering that must be

the only thing is the thing is

yet you know what

Guess whot ? We have a new boss - Abigail Freeman. And

? Things are going to change around here!

Really? 50, have you met her ? No, but I've heard lots of stories about her. _ _ _ _ __ she's a "c1ean freak." 5he hates c1utter. 50 everyone is busy cleaning and putting things away. Nat . 50 I guess we're going to have to c1ean up this mailroom. Ana Actually, _ _ _ ___ ifwe could start now because she might come by later. Nat Yeah. We need to make a good first impression. , every time I c1ean up, I lose something! Ana Really? frustrating! 50 let's be careful when we throw things away! Nat Good idea. ______ , let's get started!

Nat Ana

a

I was wondering ... Pair work Think oftwo more favors to add to the list below. Then think of a way to ask politely for each favor. Role-play conversations. 1. Ask a teacher for more time to finish an assignment. 2. Ask a friend lo give you a ride to the airport.

3. 4.

A Excuse me. I was wondering if I could have more time to finish myassignment. B Well, can you tell me why you need more time?

Q

Here's the news. A Complete the news reportoUse the simple past passive. Four cars (involve) in an accident on the highway this morning. The accident ______ (cause) by a truck that sp ille d hundreds oftomatoes onto the road. Fortunately, (take) to the drivers seriously (not in jure) . Two people the hospital with minor injuries . The truck driver (inlerview) by police. The highway _ _ _ ___ (open) again two hours later.

B Pair work Brainstorm words and expressions describing extreme weather and natural disasters. Then write five sentences to create a news report. Read your report to the c1ass.

__!--"s"":v,-,eo'f-"-e.. >t",h""u,-,n",,d,,, er"s'""to"'r"m '"-___hw.e"-"'.. o't)!. fO ins 128

J

Free taLk What are we like? 1

Class activity What new things can you find out abo ut your classmates? Ask questions and take notes. Find someone who •••

Name

eats extremely slowly.

Kenji

Notes

Friends say, "Hurry up."

reads very fas!. gets impatient easily. is incredibly organized . can do math in his or her head quickly. thinks it's important to dress properly. automatically turns on the TV when he or she gets home. plays several sports really we ll. remembers dates and numbers very easily. likes to do things absolutely perfectly. "So do you eot extremely slowly?" 2

"Yes, Ido. My friends are olwoys soying 'Hurry up. '"

Class work Tell the class something new and interesting that you learned about two classmates.

I've never done that! 1

Are there things you've never done that you think people in your group hove done? Complete the chart with things that you have never done. Try to think of surprising things. Think of .••

,'ve never ...

a sport yo u've neve r done.

¡'ve never been snowboarding.

2

a tourist attraction in yo ur town or city you've never visited . something you've never understood. a food yo u've neve r eaten. a we ll-known movie you've neve r seen. a TV show yo u've never watc hed. something you've never drunk. something else you've never done. Total points 2

Group game Now ask your classmates questions. Score a point for every person who has done the thing you haven't done. The person with the most points wins . A I've never been snowboording. Hove you? B Yeoh. I've been snowboording

a lot. llave it.

e Me too! A OK. So, thot gives me two points

129

Free taLk UNI T f t

lita Where's the best place to . . . ? 1 Pair work What advice would you give to someone visiting your country for the first time? Oiscuss the categories below, and agree on one idea for each category.

The most unusual food to try

The most beautiful natural feature

The worst thing to do

The cheapest way to travel around the country The city with the most things to see The most comfortable place to stay The most interesting thing to do in the evening The best souvenir

The nicest shopping area

The least interesting place to visit

A Well, everyone should 90 see Tokyo Sky Tree. It's probobly the most famous attraction. It's definitely popular.

B It sure is. But whatabout Osaka Castle?

2 Group work Join another pairoCompare your ideas. Oid you have any of the same ideas? 130

Family histories 1

Prepare a short history of your family. Use these ideas to help you .

Think about ••• • where your grandparents are from . • interesting facts about your aunts and uncles . • how your parents me!. • where your parents used to live when they were younger. • how your family life has changed . • any special memories you have.

2

Group work Present your family history to the group. Listen to your classmates' histories. Take notes, and ask them questions for more information.

"My father's parents are from Guadalajara. They moved to Mexico City in 1965. My father grew up there. .. . My mother's parents ... ..

UN'TB

Whichever is easier 1 Group work Imagine you and your classmates are going to have a "potluck" dinner tonight. Everyone must bring food - but only what you already have at home. Decide on the following:

1. Are you going to go to someone's home? Whose?

2. What time do you want to arrive? 3. Do you have enough plates? 4. Do you need to bring silverware (knives, forks, spoons, etc.)? Do you have enough?

5. What drinks are you going to have? 6. What dishes do you want to cook? 7. What food does each person need to bring?

8. 15 someone going to bring music? 9. Are you going to play any games?

A Well, there are five of usoThe table in my apartment isn't big enough, but we could sit on the floor. B Why don'twe eat at the park? A Either way for me. How about you, Melly? 2

Class activity Tell the class about your potluck dinner. Decide which dinner you would like to go to. Which is the most popular?

131

Free taLk Who's going to do what?

UN 'TB

I'd ralher (nol) ...

1

Group work Imagine you are going to hold a community event in your school or neighborhood. The event should have a theme, food, and entertainment.

I'd prefer lo ... It seems to me that ...

Should we ... ?

Discuss the following:

We might want to ...

1. When is the event going to be? Where? What time?

We're going lo have lo lake ...

2. What theme will the event have? (for example, a holiday theme, a "green" theme?)

We'd beller (nol) ... beca use .. .

3. What kinds of attractions or entertainment will you have at the event? 4. How much wil l it cost to run t he eve nt? 5. What are yo u go ing to do to get ready fo r the event? Who's going to do what?

We oughl lo ... Where / When a re we going to ... ? Who's goi ng to ... ?

A Well, we ought to hold the event right away beca use the weather's good.

B I agree, though we might want to wait a month - there's a lot to prepare.

2 UNIT

Class act ivity Take turns telling the class about your evento After you have heard about all the events, vote on the one that you'd like to go to. Which event do most people want to go to?

Your ideal partner 1

Group work What do you think people look for in an ideallife partner? Discuss the ideas below and add your own. Which ofthese things matter most to you?

It's best to have a partner who ... comes from a similar background .

has a good jobo gets along with family.

enJoys your company.

has similar interests.

you can trust.

A I guess it's good to choose someone who has a good jobo

B Well, you probably don't want a partner who's only interested in work, though.

2 132

Group work What ten questions should people always ask their partner befo re they decide to get married? Discuss your ideas and give reasons. Decide on the ten most important questions.

"You should ask, 'How many times have you broken up with someone ?'"

Free taLk UNITf t

Ú

What would you do? Group work Discuss the questions. How are you alike? How are you different? 1. Ifyou had an hour to spare right now, what wo uld you do?

2. Ifyou had one month offree time, whatwou ld you do ?

3. Ifyou had to choose one thing to keep thro ughout your life, what wo uld it be?

4. Ifyou had to choose one electronic gadget to live without, what would it be?

5. If you could invite a famous person to a party, who would yo u invite?

6. Ifyou could be like one person , who wo uld you want to be like?

7. Ifyou could have any job, what kind ofwo rk would you do?

8. Ifyou could have one specja l talent, what wo uld jt be?

9. Ifyou had to gjve up one habit, what would jt be?

10. Ifyou could do one thjng over, what wo uld you do?

A Ifyou hod an hour to spare right now, what would you do? 8 I'd play computer games!

e Real/y? I wouldn 't. I'd go and hang out with my friends .

133

Free taLk UNirl a

Technology etiquette Pair work Read the opposite opinions in the chart below. Debate each pair of arguments . Do you agree? 1.

It's perfectly fine to have a long conversation on your phone when you ' re out with a friend o

OR

You should turn you r phone to vibrate when you ' re out with friends and only take urgent ca lis.

It's OK to play loud music on a beach or in a public place .

OR

You should always listen to your mus ic with your headphones on .

You don't need to return voice·mail or text messages right away.

OR

It's important to return a message immediately.

Microblogging is fun . It's a great way to keep up with what's going on with your friends .

OR

Microblogging is a complete waste of time . Who wants to know all those silly details about people's lives?

It's OK to " unfriend " people on your social networking site and not tell them.

OR

You shouldn 't unfriend people - it can hu rt thei r feelings .

It's OK to post photos of your friends online .

OR

You shouldn't do that. You should always ask permiss ion fi rst.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

A Wel/, I don't see why you should turn your phone off or put it onto vibra te when you're out with friends. I don't real/y see what the problem is with taking cal/s. You know? B I know what you mean. But it can be annoying when you're trying to hove a conversation with someone and their phone keeps ringing.

134

Free taLk UN1Tm 1

Who's been doing what? Class activity Find classmates who answe r ves to the questions. Write their names in the chart. Write notes about each person oTell the class two interesting things you learned. Find someone who's been • ••

Name

Ana

planning something special.

Notes

has been plannin[J a birthdav party

helping a friend with something. working or studying too much lately. taking a fun class or learning something new. going to the movies a loto hanging out with their friends a 101. watching a series on TV. thinking about taking a trip . trying to give up abad habil. eating out a 101.

A Ana, have you been p/anning anything specia/?

B Actual/y, yeah, , have. ,'ve been p/anning a birthday party for my sister. OR No,' haven't. , haven't p/anned anything specia/ for ages. UN1TI!!\.

ua That must be fun! 1 Write true sentences for each conversation below. Make sure your sentences make sense with the responses given .

1. you _____________________

2. you _____________________

3.

B That must be fun .

B You mu st be exc it ed .

B That mu st be interesting.

4.

5.

you _____________________

you ________________~___

6. you ___________________

B That must be annoying.

B You must be nervous.

B That must be scary.

2

you ___________________

Pair work Take turns sharing your sentences. Continue conversations with your classmates . Ask questions and speculate about the things they sayo

A 'just started working at a museum. I'm he/ping them set up some disp/ays.

B Wow, that must be fun . You must like your jobo

135

Free taLk UNITp'!!\

~

Here's the news! 1

Pair work Make up a short TV news report about ea eh pieture. Think of three faets for eaeh story.

t

2 136

tl

Group work Join another pairo Take turns telling your news stories.

I

,

fairly, admire, arrogant, or correct/y? Write the words from th e list in th e correct co lumns below.

" 1» 4.30 listen and repeat the words. 15 the stress in each word like the stress in

1. complain

4. generous

7 . reckless

10. politely

2. dishonest

5. helpful

8. wonderful

11. relaxed

3. forget

6. impat ient

9. borrow

12. patiently

••

fairly

•

•

••

admire

•

•

arrogant

••

correctly

complain

UNITft "1)) 4.31 listen and repeat the words. Notice the different ways the letter o is pronounced .

Ita

UN IT

Match the words with the same underlined sounds.

1. do

a. forgQt

2. done

b. lose

3. gQ--

c. spQken

4. gQtten _ _

d. won

"1» 4.32 listen and repeat the words . Notice the underlined sounds.

Which sound in eac h group is different? (ircle the odd one out.

UNIT

1. high

island

river

wide

2. continent

most

ocean

volcano

3. airport

sports

store

worst

4. about

country

mountain

south

5. beach

deep

meter

ocean

" 1» 4.33 listen and repeat the words. Notice the underlined so unds. Are the sounds like the sounds

in

c/ean, great, law, ync/e, or wife? Write the words from the list in the correct co lumns below.

There is one extra word . 1. cousin

clean

2. daughter

great

3. fight

law

4 . niece

5. n~phew

!!ncle

6. stay

w!fe

COUSIn

137

~ght UNIT

~))) 4.34 Listen and repeat the pairs ofwords. Notice the underlined sounds .

Are the sou nd s the same (S) or different (D)? Write S or D.

1. thl!sty / dessert ~

4. fries I pie _ _

7. good I food _ _

2. raw / sauce _ _

5. shou ld I pound _ _

8. m!!,c h I IQve _ _

6. too / soup _ _

9. f!!,1I1 h!!,ngry _ _

3. brQccoli / boiled _

UNIT

_

~ )>> 4.35 Listen and repeat the words. Notice the underlined sounds. Are the sounds like the

sounds in hºme, good, mªth, worse, or ought? Write the words from the list in the correct columns below.

1. bought

3. total

5. girlfriend

7. research

2. b¡¿lIy

4. fabulous

6. rather

8. should

9. thought 10. coach

bought

~ )>> 4.38 Listen and repeat the words. Notice the underlined sounds. Which sound in each group

is different? (irele the odd one out. 1. hot

hung

w hich

who

2. another

that

there

thraugh

3. one

went

wo rk

wrote

4. along

going

sign

wedding

sits

there ' s

turns

circle

,c:o llege

rack

5.

pla y~

6. across

~ )>> 4.37 Listen and repeat the pairs of words. Notice the underlined sounds. Are the sounds the same (S) or different (D)? Write S or D. 1. place

I

2. borraw

ex.c:.iting ~

4. E¡¡ypt

I apolo¡¡ize _ _

7. enough

I work _

5. could

I would _ _

8. bu~y

3. en¡¡ineering

138

_

I for¡¡et _ _

6. share / anywhere _

_

9.

I

afford _

I choose _

iflof __

_ _

~ght ~)>> 4.38 listen and repeat the words. Notice that one or more syllables in each word are unstressed. They have a weak vowel sound like the lal sound in Qround or the larl sound in batt~. (irele the unstressed syllables.

UNIT I!'r.\

W

1 . @round

3. computer

5. remember

7 . problem

2. batt@¡

4. idea

6. contro ller

8. tablet

9. suppo rt 10. virus

~))) 4.39 listen and repeat the words. Notice the underlined sounds. Are the sounds like the sounds in Q9ain, bought, eat, mQde, there, or true? Write the words from the list in the correct columns below.

1. alien

5. hilarious

2. cartoon

6. plªce

10. seen

3. costume

7. saw

11 . serious

4. fa 11

8. scary

12. sgspense

9. scene

afien

UN ITp'!\

llI.l

~))) 4.40 listen and repeat the adjectives. Do th e -ed endings sound like Write t, d, or Id.

1. annoyed

---ª-

5. excited

It/ , /d/ , or IId/?

9. scared

2. bored

6. fascinated

10 . shocked

3. disappointed _ _

7. interested

11. surprised _ _

4. embarrassed

8. pleased _ _

12. worried

UN1 T m ~ ))) 4.41 listen and repeat the words. Match the words with the same underlined sounds.

1.

bu~

_ c_

a.

ama~ingly

2. closed

b. catastrophic

3. flash

c. fity

4. for!unately _ _

d. damage

5. inlure _ _

e . mu ch

6. shock

f. parllally

139

Extrap~

Lesson A A

Adjectives vs. manner adverbs

Choose the correct words to complete the sen ten ces.

1. I know this sounds bad I badly, but Ilove to drive really quick I fasto I think I drive really good though . I don't get reckless I recklessly when I get behind the wheel or anything. 2. I try hard I hardly to be neat and tidy. Like , I always put my keys on the shelf automatic when I get home. You can lose your keys so easy I easily.

I well,

I automatically

3. I th ink it' s important I importantly to take work serious I seriously. 1mean, it only seems right.lfyou do a job good I well you feel good I well about yourself, too. 4. I guess lean get impatient I impatiently sometimes. Like, I want instant I instantly replies to my texts and emails . I just don't like to wait when I need an answer quick I quickly. 5. llave sports, but I don't really play for fun. I feel pretty strong I strongly that you should play to win . I feel terrible I terribly if I lose. My friends see things different I differently and say that I'm too serious I seriously about sports and that I should relax. 6. I hate it when people don't write texts proper I properly and don 't use correct I correctly grammar and punctuation . It's not beca use they're writing quick I quickly - they just don 't care about it. I always check over my texts very careful l carefully before I send them . About VOU

B

Pair work Are any of the sentences aboye true for you or someone you know? Tell your partner.

Lesson B Adverbs before adjectives and adverbs A

Complete the statements about people's personalities with words from the box.

absolutely crazy arrogant at all

1. My sister's 2. My brother's

extremely talented incredibly generous

pretty laid-back really reliable

. She's just good at everything she does.

. He does that extreme bikingthing, jumping upside down on his bike and everything.

3. My parents are _ _ ____ . They bought me a new car when my old one broke down .

Don't use very with extreme adjectives like wonderful. She's abso/ufe/y wonderfu/. (NOT She's ~ wonderful.)

4. My best friend is _ _ _ _ __ . I can count on her for absolutely anything.

5. I' m 6. My brother isn't About

v ou

140

B

. I don't get stressed very often . . He doesn't think he's better than everyone else.

Pair work Make sentences like the ones aboye about people you know. Tell your partner.

UNIT f t

~

lesson A Present perfect statements A

Use the underlined words to write sentences about travel experiences . Use the present perfecto

I always / be my main interest in Iife. ¡'ve o/woys done o /ot of trove/in@. / @uess it's o/woys been my moin interest in Me.

1. 1/ always / do a lot oftraveling. 1guess it 2.

1

travel with an old school friend and she / be to lots of places.

3. She and

1 /

travel around Asia three or four times. We / always / enjoy traveling together.

4. We / wa lk on the Great Wall of China twice. It's so amazing. 5. We / be so lucky. We / visit some amazing places and

1/

try all kind s of food.

6. We're always ta lking about places we would Iike to go. We / think about go in g to Austra lia or India. 7. My friend / not be to India because she / not have the chance, and

1 /

never be to Australia.

8. We / not make a decision about where to go next, but I'd rea lly li ke to go to Syd ney. About you

B

Pair work Tell a partner five true things about trave\. Use the sentences aboye to help yOU.

UNIT

lesson B Present perfect vs. simple past A

Complete the conversations about unusual experiences. Use the present perfect or simple past.

1. A

Hove you ever done

B Yes,

(you

1

(you / play) a solo?

1 _ _ __ _ •

2. A

(you

Thank goodness! There _ _ _ _ _ (be) an orchestra, too.

I ever / see) the Northern Lights?

, but 1 B No, l to Alaska last year, but we

3. A B Yes, 1

(you

4. A

(you She

A Really? 1 B Oh, yeah. Everybody

B

I ever / try) .1

B Yes, 1

Abou t you

do) anything scary? (play) the piano in a big concert last year.

• 1

A Really? B No,

I ever /

(always / want) to see them. We _ _ __ _ (go) (not / see) them. kickboxing? (take) a c\ass last semester. But 1

(not I like) it.

I ever I cook) a mea l for a big group of people? (be) my sister's birthday last weekend. . It (invite) 25 of he r friends, and we (make) Moroccan food . (never / eat) Moroccan food befare.

(it I be) good?

(lave) it!

Pair work Ask and answer the questions aboye. Give your own answers. 141

UNIT

Lesson A A

)( Cornrnon errors

Superlatives

Complete the facts and tips about different places in the world . Use the superlative forms of the adjectives or the most / the leost with the nouns.

1. _ ___ (big) national park in the world is in Greenland .

Don't use most befare a superlative that ends in -esto

What's the 'astest wa y ta travel? (NOT What's the ,noJ(¡YJJ&:it way lo lraver!)

2. _ _ __ (fast) roller coaster in Europe is in Spain.

3. Canada has

(long) coastline in the world. 11'5 great for sightseeing.

4. _ _ __ (expensive) hotel in the world is in Dubai. The rooms cost over $10,000 a night. 5.

(good) time to visit Thailand is from November to February. These are the month s wit h _ ___ (good) wea ther beca use there is (rain) .

6. Summer is _ __ _ (bad) time to visit Ven ice beca use that's when there are _ ___ (tourists) .

7. The city th at has

(people) in the United States is New York City.

8. Th e city with

9. 10.

Ab~~~

(large) population in the world is Shanghai.

(deep) lake in the wo rld is Lake Baikal in Siberia. (small) country in th e world is Vatican City in Rome. It's also _ ___ populated country with on ly 500 inhabitants.

B Pair work Can you think of similar facts and tips for visitors to your country?

UNIT

Lesson B A

Questions with How + adjective ... ?

Complete the questions and answers about Spain. Use the words from the box. Ifyou don't need a word to complete the answers, write a dash (-) . Some words are used more than once. big

1. Q: How

deep

high

hot

long

is Mount Teide in Tenerife, Spain ?

A: It's 4,964 meters (16,286 feet) _ __

2. Q: How

is the coastline?

A: 11'57,517 kilometers (4,671 miles) _ _ _ _

3. Q: How _ _ __ is the population ofSpain? A: It's almost 47 million people _ _ _ _

4. Q: What is the largest naturallake in Spain? How _ _ __ is it? A: Lake Sanabria is 51 meters (167 feet) _ __ _ S. Q: How

is it in southern Spain in August?

A: It is usually around 35°C (90°F) _ _ __ About you

B

Pair work What do you know about your country? Take turns asking questions similar lo the ones aboye. Do you know the answers? A OK. So how high is Mount Aconcagua?

8 Well, I'm guessing, but I think it's almost 7,000 meters (23,000 feet) high.

142

UNIT f t

l5IA Lesson A A

Verbs /et, moke, he/p, hove, get, wont, osk, tell

Complete the sentences. Use the correct forms of the verbs given . Som etim es there is more than one correct answer.

1. I wa nt my children _ _ _ ___ (make) good decisions fo rthemselves.

2. I don't let my kids

(p lay) comp uter games before bedtime. (s leep) badly.

It makes them

3. I usually make my teenagers _ _ __ _ _ (elean up) the kitchen after meals.

4. I want to get my kids

(eat) well. They're always eating ¡unk food.

5. I usuallytell my kids them

(do) the ir homework before dinner, but I don't help (do) it.

6. I' m always asking them 7. I have them

(turn off) the lights in the house. (shut down) the ir computers at night.

8. I'm always telling my kids 9. I always have my kids 10. We often help our son s About

you

B

(be) careful when they go out. (write) thank·you letters when they get a gift. (study) for exams . We make up games for them .

Pair work Read the sentences aboye aga in. Did your parents say similar things about you when you were growing up? Discuss with a partner. "My parents wanted me to do wel/ in school. They made me study every night."

Lesson B used to and wou/d A

Read this person's memories about her summ er vacations. Rewrite eight sentences using used to or would. Sometimes both are correct. When I was younger, we had long school vacations in the summer - about 10 weeks. I saw a lot of my extended family in those days. They lived about 30 miles away. My cousins carne to stay every summer. We didn't have a big house like we do now, so we always camped in the backyard . There was a stream near our house, and we swam in it. One of my little cousins didn ' t like swimming. 5he was really scared ofwater, and my brother always teased her about it. He made her go into the water. He wasn't very nice to her. Thank goodness he ' s not like that now!

About

you

B

Pair work As\< and answer questions about your elementary school summ er breaks, using Did you use to ... ? A Did you use to spend your summers with your {ami/y? B Not real/y. I used to play with the kids in the neighborhood. We'd go

off and ... 143

Extrap~ UNITft

I:A Lesson A

Talking about quantities of food

A Com plete t he sentences about sho ppin g and eating habits. Use t he word s in t he box. a few

cartons

few

fewer

less

less

little

loaves

many

1. I don't eat _ _ __ fruits or vegetables . I really should eat mo re hea lthy food.

frozen mea ls. 2. We have a small freezer so we buy very 3. I prefer to go shopping at the localstore. I'm trying to buy _ __ _ food from the big supermarkets than I used too 4. My fa mily buys about six _ ___ of bread a week and eight _ _ __ offruit juice.

5. I don 't fry food anymore . It means I eat ____ calaries and _ __ _ fal. But I have to say, llike a ____ butter on my patato es. 6. When I go out to eat, l li ke to try ____ different things that I don't norma lly eal. About you

B Pair work Are any of the se nte nces aboye true for yo u? What other shopp in g and eati ng habits do you haye? ~

Lesson B too, too much, too many, and enough A Complete the online forum conyersation with too, too many, too much, and enough.

A lew months ago, I complelely changed my ealing habils. I used lo eal

(ommon errors

Use too manywith plural countable nouns. 1 ate

too many cookies.

(NOT late Me illbeh EtlaUes.)

too much

sugar,

_ _ __ _ _ processed lal, and _ _____ lake-oul meals. I also didn'l eal my meals slowly _ _____ because I was always rushing out somewhere . My molher was always saving 'You eal _ __ _ _ _ quickly.' ar 'You're nol ealing lood, I know I delinilely ate

protein,' and as lor lasl

. I really Ihought my mom complained _ _ _ __ _

bul actually I guess I didn'l pay diel wasn'l healthy

atlenlion lo her. I gol sick! The doctor said my and said I needed lo change i\. He al so lold me Ihal I needed

more vitamins and thal I wasn'l getting _ _____ . No surprise Ihere! So I changed my die\. In the end, it was simple you can't eal eal well

lo do. Now I'm ealing a 101 01 raw vegelables - 1guess

01 those! I leel grea\. And guess whal? My mom can'l say I don'l . Nol now!

COMMENTS:

Good lor you! You should never be busy lo look alter your heallh! _ _ __ junk lood and sweels are nol good lor you .

About you

B

Write your own co mment to add to the forum . Then compare with a partner.

"/ eat very littte healthy {ood, too. / guess /shoutd eat tess {ast {ood." 144

UNIT

Lesson A A

Talking about the future

Aman is telling a friend about his plans for the evening. (irele the correct phrases to complete the sentences. Sometimes both are corree!.

goin~

Well, ton ight